COMMERCIAL REVIEW OF THE SEASON ENDING 30th November, 1912 SHOWING THE EXPORT TRADE F R O M T H E PORT OF MONTREAL IN CANADIAN PRODUCTS. [I] Compiled by the Commercial Department of “Ulir (jazette" THE GAZETTE PRINTING co MPANY., LIM ITED, MONTREAL F OR TAB L E OF CO N T E N T S S E E PAGE 18 1. . Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s ATLANTIC STEAMSHIP LINES Regular weekly sailings from MONTREAL in Summer and WEST ST. JOHN, N.B., in Winter to LIVERPOOL, LONDON, BRISTOL, ANTWERP *S.S. Empress of Britain 14,500 tons *S.S. Empress of Ireland 14,500 tons S.S. Lake Manitoba 9,674 " +S.S. Montfort 7,101 “ ..º. Lake Champlain 7,392 . f*S.S. Montcalm 5,505 { { ‘S.S. Lake Erie 7,550 >{< P-y { { S.S. Lake Michigan 7,000 “ "S.S. Montrose 7,094 S.S. Mount Temple 7,656 “ S.S. Montreal 6,870 “ S.S. Montezuma 7,345 “ S.S. Mount Royal 7,064 “ S.S. Milwaukee 7,323 “ fºS.S. Monmouth 4,078 “ F R E | G H. Steamers marked * are fitted up with cold storage, and those marked fº are fitted with cold storage and cool air. All vessels are fitted with Sirocco ventilating fans in the holds and 'tween decks, and are equipped with the most modern improvements for the transportation of all classes of perishable freight. Through Bills of Lading are issued from all ports in Great Britain and the Continent to all points in Canada and the United States, and vice versa. P A S S E N G E R S ºverpool service have splendid accommodation for all ROYAL NMAIL EXPRESS STEAMSHIPS “EMPRESS OF BRITAIN ?” and “EMPRESS OF IRELAND '' Everything in the equipment of these Steamships is of most modern type, advantage having been taken of the latest improvements on steamships throughout the globe. Many new features for the comfort and convenience of passengers, and the protection of perishable freight, have been introduced. They are larger and faster than any passenger Steamship hitherto run on this 'route, their tonnage being 14,500, length 570 feet, breadth 65 feet. They cost over $2,000,000.00 each. They each accommodate comfortably 350 first cabin passengers, 350 second cabin, and 1,000 third class passengers. These ships have the reputation of making passages between Canada and Liverpool with the regularity of railway trains. The record passage between Liverpool and Quebec, Dock to Dock, is held by the Empress of Ireland, which did the passage in 6 days 2 hours 30 minutes. For information as to freight or passage apply to any of the following agencies:- F. G. FRIESER, W. T. MARLOW, Export Freight Agent, Montreal. Import Freight Agent, Montreal. W. G. ANNABLE, G. D. ROBINSON, * General Passenger Agent, Montreal. Asst. Export & Import Freight Agt., Toronto. The Allan Royal Mail Line ESTABLISHED 1854 THREE SERVICES SAILING WEEKLY MONTREAL TO LIVERPOOL T URB IN E STE AMERS ALSATIAN, new, 17,500 Tons, - Quadruple Screws, 19 Knots CALGARIAN, new, 17,500 Tons, - Quadruple Screws, 19 Knots VICTORIAN, 12,000 Tons, - * - Triple Screws, 17 Knots VIRGINIAN, 12,000 Tons, - - - Triple Screws, 17 Knots CORSICAN, 11,000 Tons, º * sº- Twin Screws, 15 Knots TUNISIAN, 10,576 Tons, - <-2 = * Twin Screws, 15 Knots MONTREAL TO GLASGOW HESPERIAN, 10,920 Tons, - * wº Twin Screws, 15 Knots GRAMPIAN, 10,947 Tons, * = Twin Screws, 15 Knots SCANDINAVIAN, 12,100 Tons, - sº- Twin Screws, 16 Knots PRETORIAN, 7,640 Tons - - Single Screw, 13 Fºnots MONTREAL TO HAVRE AND LONDON SCOTIAN, 10,500 Tons, sº e- - Twin Screws, 15 Knots IONIAN, 9,000 Tons, ** sº * Twin Screws, 14 Knots LAKE ERIE, 7,535 Tons, - wº cº- Twin Screws, 14 Knots CORINTHIAN, 6,226 Tons SICILIAN 6,284 Tons All the Steamers are equipped with the latest improvements and appliances for safe- guarding life and property, including Marconi Wireless and Deep Sea Signalling Apparatus. Turbine Engines have abolished Noise, Odours and Vibration. Bilge Keels have minimized rolling. Electric fans and the Thermo-tank system, with perfect ventilation insure pure air. For Sailings Rates of Passage by the different Service, apply to any Agent, or H. & A. Allan, tº * = Montreal. Chateau Laurier Ottawa, Canada The new $2,000,000.00 Hotel The latest in hotel construction Comfortably and artistically furnished Owned and operated by the - Grand Trunk Railway Jºystem Accommodation, 350 rooms RATES-$2.00 PER DAY AND UPWARDS = European Plan = F. W. BERGMAN, Manager of Hotels. BANK O F MONTREAL (ESTABLISHED 1817.) -- INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. CAPITAL paid up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,000,000.00 ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,000,000.00 UNDIVIDED PRO Fil S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802,814.94 RT. HON. LORD STRATHCONA AND E. B. GREENSHIELDS, ESQ. HON. ROBERT MACKAY. C. R. HosMER, ESQ. HEAD OFFICE—MONTREAL. BOARD OF DIRECTORS H. V. MEREDITH, ESQ., Vice-President St R WILLIAM M Acoos ALD MOUNT ROYAL, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., Honorary President. R. B. ANGUS, ESQ., President. JAMES ROSS, ESQ. SIR THOMAS SHAUGHNESSY, K.C.V.O. DAVID-MORRICE, Esq. . A. BAUMGARTEN, ESQ. H. R. DRUMMOND, ESQ. C. SWEENY, Supt. British Columbia Branches. F. J. COCKBURN, Supt. Quebec Branches. C. B. GORDON, ESQ. D. FORBES ANGUS, ESQ. - H. V. MEREDITH, General Manager. A. MACNIDER, Chief Inspector, and Superintendent of Branches. A. D. BRAITHWAITE, Supt. Ontario Branches. tº . ~ g E. P. WINSLow, Supt. North West Branches. D. R. CLARKE, Supt. Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland Branches. BRANCHES IN CANADA ONTARIO ONTARIO, Cont. NEW BRUNSWICK NORTHWEST AlliSton, TOront.O. Bathurst, PROVINCES, Con t- Almonte, £ 4 Bathurst St. Chatham, Outlook, Sask. Aurora, & 4 Carlton St. Edmundston, Plum Coulee, Man. Belleville, 4 & Dundas St. Fredericton, IPOrtage la Prairie, Man. Bowmanville, if it Queen St. . Grand Falls, Raymond, Alta. Brantford, & £ Yonge St. Hartland, Red Deér, Alta. Brockville, Trenton, MOIict On, Regina, Sask. Chatham, Tweed, Perth, Saskatoon, Sask. Collingwood, Wallaceburg, Shediac, Spring Coulee, Alta. Cornwall, Waterford, St. John, Suffield, Alta. DeSeronto, WindSOr WoodStock, Swift Current. Sask. Eglinton, QUEBEC NOVA SCOTIA Weyburn, Sask. Fenelon Falls, Buckingham, , Amberst, Winnipeg, Man. Fort William, COOkShire, Bridgewater, “ Fort Rouge- Goderich, Danville, a DSO, tº a Logan Ave. Guelph, Fraserville, Glace Bay, BRITISH COLUMBIA Hamilton, - Granby alifax, Armstrong, 4 & Barton-Victoria, Grand_Mere, . & 4 North End, Athalmer, Holstein, Levis, Lunenburg, Chilliwack, King City, Magog ahone Bay, ClOverdale, Kingston, Megantic, Port Hood, Enderby, Lindsay, Montreal, Sydney, Greenwood, London, ** Hochelaga, Wolfville, HOSmer, Mount Forest, | “. Lachine Yarmouth. Invermere, New Imarket, ** MaisonneuVe, PRINCE EDWARD IS. Ram loopS, Oakwood, * Papineau Ave. Charlottetown RelOWI).3, Ottawa, ** Peel Street, NORTHWEST Merritt, & 4 Bank St. “ Point St. Charles, PROVINCES Nelson, & 5 Hull, P.Q. “ Seigneurs St. Altona, Man. New Denver, Paris, “ Ste Anne debellevue, Brandon, Man. New Westminster, Perth, ** St. Henri, Calgary, Alta. Nicola, ‘Peterboro, ** St. Lawrence, . T East, End North Vancouver, ict On, “ West End, & 4 Ogden Shops Penticton, Port Arthur, “ Westmount, Cardston, Alta. Port Alberni. Port Hope, Quebec, Edmonton, Alta. Tort, Haney, Sarnia, “ St. Roch, Gretna, Man. Prince Rupert, Sault Ste Marie, “ Upper Town, High River, Alta. IPrinceton, - tir s Sawyerville, Indian Head, Sask. ROSS) and. Stratford, Sherbrooke, Lethbridge, Alta. Sapperton, St. Marys St. Hyacinthe, Magrath, Alta. Summerland, Sudbury Thetford MineS, Medicine Hat, Alta. Vancouver, Three RiverS. MOOSe Jaw, Sask. 4 4 Main Street, Vernon, Victoria, West Summerland, In Newfound land - - In Great Britain St. John's. Birchy Cove. Grand Falls. London, 47 Threadneedle St., E.C. F. Williams Taylor, Mgr. … In the United States R. Y. Hebden, • * * ~ * NEW YORK, W. A. Bog, Agents, 64 Wall Street. Chicago. Spokane. J. T. Molineux, - In Mexico Mexico, L). F. - Bankers in Great Britain LoNDoN, The Bank of England. - - LIVERPOOL & 4 The Union of London and Smith's Bank, Limited. The Bank of Liverpool, Limited, “ London County and Westminster Bank, Limited. SCOTLAND 4 6 The National Provincial Bank of England, Ltd. The British Linen Bank and Branches. Bankers in the United States - NEw York, The National City Bank. BUFFALO, The Marine National Bank. & 4 “ National Bank of Commerce. SAN FRANCISCO, First National Bank. National Park Bank. 44 & 4 The Anglo and London Paris. PHILADELPHIA, Fourth Street National Bank. National Bank. BOSTON, The Merchants National Bank. 4 & & 4 THE BANK OF NOWASCOTIA Capital Paid Up Incorporated $4,642,450 1832. HEAD OFFICE e tº tº DIRECTORS JOHN Y. PAYZANT, President. G. S. CAMPBELL. J. H. PLUMMER. N. CURRY. GENERAL MANAGER'S OFFICE . e H. A. RICHARDSON; General Manager. BRANCHES-NOVA SCOTIA. HECTOR McINNES. J. WA R. E. HARRIS TORONTO, ONT. D. WATERS, Asst. General Manager. Reserve Fund $8,399,430 HALIFAX, N.S. CHAS. ARCHIBALD, Vice-Pres' dent. LTER ALLISON. Amherst Halifax North Sydney Trenton (Sub to Annapolis Royal ** Hollis St. Oxford New Glasgow) Antigonish ‘‘ North End Pictou Truro Bridgetown Kentville River Hebert Westville Canning Liverpool Stellarton Whitney Pier Dartmouth New Glasgow Sydney Windsor Digby New Waterford Sydney Mines Yarmouth Glace Bay NEW BRUNSWICK. Campbellton Jacquet River St. Andrews St. Stephen Chatham Moncton St. George Sussex Dalhousie Newcastle St. John Woodstock Fredericton Port Elgin ‘‘ Prince William St. Gagetown Sackville “ Charlotte St. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Charlottetown Summerside QUEBEC. - Montreal New Carlisle (Sub to Port Daniel Ville St. Pierre New Richmond Paspebiac) Quebec Westmount Paspebiac ONTARIO. Arnprior Harrietsville (Sub to St. Catharines Toronto, Dundas St. Barrie Belmont) St. Jacobs “Queen & Church Belmont London . Toronto “ St. Patrick and Berlin Merritton “ King St. W. Spadina Brantford Ottawa ‘' Bloor & St. Clarens Welland Fort William Peterborough “Bloor & Spadina Weston Hamilton Port Arthur “ Don Woodstock MANITOBA. ALBERTA. Winnipeg Calgary Edmonton “West End Lethbridge SASKATCHEWAN. Kamsack Prince Albert Saskatoon Moose Jaw Regina ‘‘ West Side BRITISH COLUMBIA. Vancouver Vancouver Victoria Granville St. Hastings St. JNEWFOUNDLAND. Bay Roberts Burin Harbor Grace Bell Island Carbonear St. John's Bonavista Grand Bank Twillingate - WEST INDIES. JAMAICA CUBA PORTO RICO Black River Port Antonio Cienfuegos San Juan Kingston Port Maria Havana Mandeville Savanna-la-Mar St. Ann's Bay UNITED STATES. Montego Bay Chicago CORRESPONDENTS. GREAT BRITAIN. The London Joint Stock Bank, Limited FRANCE—Credit Lyonnais UNITED STATES. New York—Bank of New York, N. B. A. Boston New York (Agency (48 Wall St.) Royal Bank of Scotland GERMANY–Dresdner Bank Boston—Merchants National Bank. Chicago–First National Bank. Philadelphia—Fourth Street National Bank. Baltimore— Citizens National Bank, First National Bank. San Francisco–Canadian Bank of Commerce. Minneapolis— Books and Statements annually submitted to independent outside audit. A general banking business transacted. Letters of Credit and Travellers' Cheques issued available in all parts of the world. The Molsons Bank INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, 1855 Capital Paid Up Reserve Fund HEAD OFFICE, $4,000,000 4,700,000 MONTREAL .* ** : -º-º: º ; : tº 3 : 3 §. JAMES ELLIOT, General Manager. W. H. DRAPER, Superintendent of Branches Alberta Ontario—Co). Calgary Exeter Camrose Forest Diamond City Frankford Edmonton Hamilton Lethbridge “ Market Broh. British Columbia Hensall Revelstoke Highgate Vancouver Iroquois “ East End Kingsville - Kirkton Manitoba Lambton Mills Winnipeg London “ Portage Ave. Lucknow Ontario Meaford Alvinston Merlin Amherstburg Morrisburg Aylmer Norwich Belleville Ottawa Brockville Qwen Sound Chesterville Petrolia Clinton Port Arthur Drumbo Ridgetown Simcoe Dutton E R A N C H E S Ontario—Com. Quebec—Con. Smiths Falls Knowlton St. Marys Lachine Locks St. Thomas Montreal–St. James St. “ East End Br'oh. “ St. Cath. St. Branch Teeswater ‘‘ Mkt. & Harbour “ Toronto “ Maisonneuve & 4 “ Queen St. & Bea- “ St. Henri & 4 consfield Ave. “ Cote des Neiges a 4 Trenton “ St. Lawrence Blvd. “ Wales “ Cote St. Paul tº a Waterloo ‘‘ Park & Bernard Ave. “ West Toronto Pierreville Williamsburg Quebec Woodstock Richmond Zurich Roberval Quebec Sorel Arthabaska St. Cesaire Bedford Ste. Flavie Station Chicoutimi St. Ours Drummondville Ste. Therese de Blainville Fraserville and Victoriaville Riviere du Loup Ville St. Pierre Station Waterloo (Ulpe ſkugal Uruaf (Jug. 107 St. James St. º- - MONTREAL C A PIT A L: Capital Fully Paid, º * $1,000,000 Reserve Fund - - $1,000,000 B O ARD OF DIRECTORS Right Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. H. V. Meredith, Vice-President. Sir H. Montagu Allan C. B. Gordon Hon. R. Mackay R. B. Angus E. B. Greenshields A. Macnider A. Baumgarten C. R. Hosmer David Morrice A. D. Braithwaite Sir W. C. Macdonaid James Ross ; Sir T. G. Shaughnessy, K.C.V.O. Sir William C. Van Horne, K.C.M.G. A. E. Holt, - - Manager, * SAFETY DEP os IT v AULTs Bank of Montreal Building, 109 St. James Street, MONTREAL. Imperial Bank of Canada ESTABLISHED 1875 Head Office - & tº- TORONTO Capital paid up - tº - $6,545,000 Reserve Fund tº tº 6,000,000 Total Assets Over tº - 78,000,000 DIRECTORs - D. R. WILKIE, President. Hon. ROBERT JAFFRAY, Vice-President Wm. Ramsay, of Bowland, Scotland, Elias Rogers, J. Kerr Osborne, Sir William Whyte (Winnipeg), Peleg Howland, Cawthra Mulock, Hon. Richard Turner (Quebec), Wm. Hamilton Merritt, M.D. (St. Catharines), W. J. Gage. BRANCHES IN THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO, QUEBEC, MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN, ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA AGENTS:—ENGLAND: Lloyd's Bank, Limited. SCOTLAND: Commercial Bank of Scotland, Limited. FRANCE: Crédit Lyonnais. GERMANY: Deutsche Bank. UNITED STATES: Bank of the Manhattan Company, NEW YORK. Information furnished regarding Canadian Securities and Investments. Special facilities for the transfer of monies to all parts of Canada. Letters of Credit, Drafts and Travellers' Cheques issued, available in all parts of the world. - Special attention given to collections. - SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT at all Branches; Interest allowed on deposits at current rates. A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. D. R. WILKIE, General Manager. E. HAY, Assistant General Manager. THE MERCHANTS’ BANK OF CANADA ESTABLISHED 1864 Head office - - MONTREAL CAPITAL PAID UP . . . $6,747,680 (£1,386,509) Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits $6,559,478 (£1,347,838) President—SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN. Vice-President—K. W. BLACKWELL. E. F. HEBDEN, General Manager. T. E. MERRETT, Supt. of Branches and Chief Inspector. BRANCHES AND AGENCIES : ONTARIO Acton Elora Kincardine Orillia Toronto Alvinston Finch Kingston Ottawa “Wellington St. Athens Fort William Lancaster Owen Sound “ Dundas St. Belleville Galt Lansdowne Perth “ Parkdale Berlin Gananoque Leamington Prescott ‘‘ Parliament St Bothwell Georgetown Little Current Preston Walkerton Brampton Glencoe London Renfrew Walkerville Brantford Gore Bay Lucan . Stratford Wallaceburg Chatham Granton Markclale St. Eugene Watford Chatsworth Guelph Meaford St. George West Lorne Chesley Hamilton Mildmay St. Thomas Westport Creemore Hanover Mitchell Tara Wheatley Delta Hespeler Napanee Thamesville Windsor Eganville Ingersoll Oakville Tilbury Yarker Elgin - QUEBEC - Montreal—(Head Office) St. James St. Beauharnois Sherbrooke § { 1255 St. Catherine St. E. Lachine Ste. Agathe $ & 320 St. Catherine St. W. Quebec St. Jerome § { 1330 St. Lawrence Boul. “ St. Sauveur St. Johns # , 1866 St. Lawrence Boul. Rigaud . St. Jovite tº & 672 Centre St. Shawville NOVA SCOTLA NEW BRUNSWICK Halifax St. John MANITOBA Brandon Hartney Napinka Port'e la Prairie Winnipeg “Carberry MacGregor Neepawa Russell “ Bann. Ave. Gladstone Morris - - Oak Lake Souris - * , ALBERTA Acme Delburne Islay New Norway Strome Brooks Edgerton Killam * . Okotoks Tofield -Calgary Edmonton Lacombe Olds Trochu “ 2nd St. E. “ Alberta Ave. Leduc Pincher Station Vegreville ‘Camrose “ Namayo Ave. Lethbridge Redcliff Viking 'Carstairs Edson Mannville Red Deer Wainwright Castor Hanna Medicine Hat Sedgewick Walsh -Coronation Hughenden Munson Stettler Wetaskiwin Daysland - SASEKATCHEWAN Antler Arcola Battleford Carnduff Frobisher Gull Lake Gainsborough Kisbey Maple Creek Melville Moose Jaw Oxbow Regina Saskatoon Unity Whitewood BRITISH COLUMBIA -Chilliwack Elko Nanaimo New Westminster Sidney Vancouver Victoria - “ Hastings St. :Sub-Agencies—QUEBEC, Bury. ONTARIO, Addison, Desboro, Frankville, London South, Lyndhurst, Muirkirk, Newbury, Newington, Williamstown. MANITOBA, Austin, Griswold, Sidney. ALBERTA, Big Valley, Botha, Chauvin, Donalda, Rumsey, Ryley. - - UNITED STATES-New York—63 and 65 Wall Street. Agents in GREAT BRITAIN :—The London Joint Stock Bank, Limited ; the Royal Bank of Scotland. - A General Banking Business Transacted. Interest at 3 per cent. per annum allowed on .SAVINGS BANK DEPOSITS of $1.00 and upwards. Commercial letters of Credit issued available in China, Japan and other Foreign Countries. Travellers’ Letters of Credit and ‘Cheques issued available in all Parts of the World. Drafts sold available in any city or banking town in the United Kingdom or the United States. Particular attention given to Emigrants' business. - THE DOMINION BANK HEAD OFFICE, gº gº TORONTO, CANADA Capital Paid Up tº ſº ſº $ 5,000,000 Reserve Fund tº ſº ſº 6,000,000 Total Assets gº ſº tºº 76,000,000 Sir EDMUND B. OSLER, M.P., Pres. CLARENCE A. BOGERT, Gen. Mgr. EXPO RTERS of Grain, Hay, Cattle, Cheese and all Products offered special facilities. EX C H A N G E on all parts of the World bought and sold. Correspondents in - all Countries. LETTERS OF CREDIT - Travellers' and Commercial Letters of Credit and Travellers' Cheques issued, available throughout the World. Montreal Branch, - = M. S. Bogert, Manager Students, Scholars, Clerks, Apprentices, Young Men, DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS WITH The MDIllſtä|GilyandDistrictSaWings Bank Established in 1846 Head Office and 13 Branches in Montreal Assets over - {- sº -> - $33,000,000 Number of Depositors over 100,000 The Only Bank incorporated under the Savings Bank Act doing business in the city of Montreal. Its charter (different from that of all other Banks) ensures every possible protection to Depositors. Its chief object is to receive and to safely invest savings, however moderate, of the widow, orphan, scholar, clerk, apprentice, of the young people, and the working, industrial and agricultural classes. Every courtesy and attention will be shown to you, whether A. P. LESPERANCE, Manager. your account be large or small. Ask for one of our “Home Savings Banks.” It will help you to save. The Bank of British North America ESTABLISHED IN 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER IN 1840. Paid Up Capital tº tºº tº- $4,866,666 Reserve Fund - - -> $2,774,000 Head Office-5 Gracechurch St., London, E. C. A. G. WALLIS, Secretary W. S. GOLDBY, Manager J. DODDS, Assistant Secretary COURT OF DIRECTORS J. H. BRODIE, Esq. E. A. HOARE, Esq. J. H. MAYNE CAMPBELL, Esq. H. J. B. KENDALL, Esq. JOHN JAMES CATER, Esq. FREDERIC LUBBOCK, Esq. RICHARD H. GLYN, Esq. C. W. TOMKINSON, Esq. GEO. D. WHATMAN, Esq. Head Office in Canada–ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL H. B. MACKENZIE, General Manager JAMES ANDERSON, Supt. of Branches H. A. HARVEY, Supt. of Eastern Branches, Montreal J. McEACHERN, Supt. of Central Branches, Winnipeg O. R. ROWLEY, Chief. Inspector - E. STONHAM, Assist. Secretary, Montreal J. H. GILLARD, A. S. HALL, and N. V. R. HUUS, Assist. Inspectors BRANCHES IN CANADA Agassiz, B.C. Hamilton, Ont. Reston, Man. Alexander, Man. Westinghouse Ave. Rhein, Sask. Ashcroft, B.C. Hedley, B.C. Rossland, B.C. Battleford. Sask. Ituna, Sask. Rosthern, Sask. Belmont, Man. Kaslo, B.C. St. John, N.B. Bobcaygeon, Ont. Kelliher, Sask. St. John, N.B., Haymarket Boucherville, P.Q. Kerrisdale, B.C. Square. Bow Island, Alta. Kingston, Ont. St. John, N.B., Union St. Brandon, Man. Lampman, Sask. . St. Stephen, N.B. r Brantford, Ont. Lillooet, B.C. Saltcoats, Sask. Burdett, Alta. London, Ont. Saskatoon, Sask. Cainsville, Ont. London, Market Sq. Semans, Sask. Calgary, Alta. Longueuil, P.Q. - Toronto, Ont. Campbellford, Ont. Lytton, B.C. Toronto, Ont., Bloor and Ceylon, Sask. Macleod, Alta. Lansdowne. Darlingford, Man. Midland, Ont. Toronto, Ont., King and Davidson, Sask. Montreal, P.Q. Dufferin Sts. Dawson, Yukon. “ St. Catherine Street Toronto, Ont., Royce Ave. Duck Lake, Sask. “ Rosemount Trail, B.C. Duncan, B.C. North Battleford, Sask. Vancouver, B.C. Edmonton, Alta. ' North Vancouver, B.C. Varennes, P.Q. Estevan, Sask. “ (Upper Lonsdale Ave.) Verdun, P.Q. Fenelon Falls, Ont. Oak River, Man. Victoria, B.C. Fort George, B.C. Ottawa, Ont. Wakaw, Sask. Forward, Sask. Paynton, Sask. Waldron, Sask. Fredericton, N. B. Prince Rupert, B.C. West Toronto, Ont. Girvin, Sask. Punnichy, Sask. Weston, Ont. Halifax, N.S. Quebec, P.Q. Winnipeg, Man. Hamilton, Ont. Quebec, St. John's Gate Wynyard, Sask. Hamilton, Ont. Quesnel, B.C - --- Yorkton, Sask. Victoria Ave. Raymore, Sask. AGENCIES IN UNITED STATES, ETC. | NEW YORK H. M. J. McMichael SAN FRANCISCO A G. B. Gerrard 52 wall Street 49ents (W. F. Öliver 264 California Street 49ents A. S. Ireland CHICAGO-Merchants Loan and Trust Co. BOSTON-Merchants National Bank. MINNEAPOLIS-Security National Bank. PORTLAND, ORE.-Ladd & Tilton. - SEATTLE-Dexter Horton National Bank. FOREIGN AGENTS.–LONDON BANKERS–The Bank of England, Messrs. Glyn & Co. LIVERPOOL–Bank of Liverpool, Limited. , SCOTLAND–National Bank of Scot- land, Limited, and Branches. IRELAND-Provincial Bank of Ireland, Limited, and Branches. National Bank, Limited, and Branches. AUSTRALIA—Union Bank of Australia, Limited. NEW ZEALAND–Union Bank of Australia, Limited. INDIA, CHINA and JAPAN–Mercantile Bank of India, Limited. WEST INDIES-Colonial Bank. PARIS-Credit Lyonnais. LYONS—Credit Lyonnais. Agents in Canada for Colonial Bank, London and West Indies. - Drafts, Money Orders, Circular Letters of Credit and Travellers’ Cheques issued, negotiable in all Parts of the World. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT AT ALL BRANCHES The Royal Bank of Canada H. S. HOLT, President. E. L. PEASE, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man. Capital Paid Up, tº- - $ 11,560,000 Reserves tº 12,560,000 Total Assets g- º 180,000,000 290 BRANCHES THROUGHOUT CANADA 23 BRANCHES IN CUBA, PORTO RICO AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BRANCHES IN BRITISH WEST INDIES BAHAMAS, Nassau; BARBADOS, Bridgetown; JAMAICA, Kingston; TRINIDAD, Port of Spain and San Fernando LONDON NEW YORK Princes St., E.C. William and Cedar Streets A GENERA L BANKING BUSINESS TRANSA CTED IN CORPORATED 1869 Head Office, tº tºº MONTREAL Cable address: Telephone: Cygofri Main—2701-519 ST-CYR, GONTHIER & FRIGON, BOND BROKERS AND FINANCIAL AGENTS Dealers in High Class Debentures MUNICIPAL SCHOOL CORPORATIONS Investment of Trust Funds and Estates 103 St-Francois Xavier St. MONTREAL. 4997 t Cable Add : “ 25 A998 able Address ARCFOST TELEPHONES { Foster, Martin, Mann, Mackinnon & Hackett Advocates, Barristers, Solicitors, Etc. NSURANCE-BUILDING, Roxalºg ; SQUARE, MON TREAL. George G. Foster, K.C. J. A. Mann, K.C. J. E. Martin, K.C. J. T. Hackett. C. G. Mackinnon. The Canadian Bank of Commerce H E A D OF FICE Capital Paid Up - ALEX. LAIRD, General Manager Chilliwack Cranbrook Creston Cumberland Dawson Duncan Fernie Athasbaca Landing S8. In O JE38.W Bengough Biggar Blaine Lake Brandon Briercrest Broderick Calgary (4 offices) Canora Carman Carmangay Champion Claresholm Colemsn CrOSSſ) eld Cudworth Dauphin Delisle Drinkwater Edam AlbertOn Amherst Antigonish Barrington Actonvale ASbeSt.0S Ayer’s Cliff Station CrOSSing Basin New York In Mexico Mexico City The Bank of England – $15,000,000 | Reserve SIR EDMUND WALKFR, C.V.O., LL.D., D.C.L., President - JOHN AIRD, Asst. General Manager TO R O N T O - - - - - - - $12,500,000 B R A N C H E S IN C A N A D A : BRITISH COLUMBIA and YUKON Golden Midway Grand Forks Mission City Greenwood Nakusp PKamloopS Nanaimo KelOWna, Naramata, KeremeOS Nelson LadySmith New Westminster Penticton South Hill Phoenix Stewart, Prince Rupert Summerland Princeton Vancouver (8 offices) Revelstoke Vernon Rock Creek Victoria (2 offices) Salmon Arm White Horse WESTERN PROVINCES Edmonton (2 offices) Laird - New Dayton Swift Current Elbow Lake Saskatoon Nokomis Taber ElfroS Langham North Battleford The Pas, N.W.T. Elgin Lanigan Nutana Tilley Elkhorn , . LaShburn Olds. TranSCOna Gilbert, Plains Lethbridge Outlook Treherne Gleichen Lloydminster Pincher Creek Tugaske Grandview LOugheed POnoka, Vegreville Granum Macleod Portage la Prairie Vermilion Grouard Marcelin Prince Albert, Virden BIanna, Medicine Hat Provost VODda. Hardisty Melfort, P.a.disson Wadena HaWarden Melville Radville Warner Eſerbert, Milestone Red Deer Watrous High River Milk River Regins. Watson Humboldt Mirror Rivers WetaSkiwin Innisfail Monarch Saskatoon (2 Offices) Weyburn Innisfree Moose Jaw Shellbrook Wilcox Ramsack MOOSOImin Stavely Willow Bunch ECerrobert, Morse Stony Plain Winnipeg (8 offices Rindersley NantOn Strathmore Yellowgrass PCitScoty Neepawa. Swan River Yorkton º MARITIME_PROVINCES Bridgewater MOntague , Shelburne Sydney Charlottetown New Glasgow OUITIS Truro Halifax Parrsboro Springhill Windsor Middleton St. John Summerside ONTARIO and QUEBEC Dixville LaCOlle Richmond Dresden Lawrenceville Rimouski DundaS Lennoxville - Rock Island Dunham Lindsay ROxton Falls Dunnville London St. Armsnd Station East Angus Magog St. Catharines . East Hatley MansOnville St. Chrysostome Eastman Marbleton St. Constant, Exeter Marieville Ste. Elizabeth Farnha.In Megantic St. Fabien FOreSt, Montreal (5 offices) St. Felix de Valois Fort, Frances Niagara Falls St. Ferdinand de Fort, William Nicolet, Halifax, FOSter North Hatley St. Gabriel de est FraServllle Orangeville Brand On ) Frelighsburg Ormstown St. George, Beauce Dton Galt, Ottawa (2 Offices St. Hyacinthe Goderich Paris St. Johns GOwganda Parkhill St. JOSeph de Beauce Granby Parry Sound St. Philippe de Waterloo, Ont. Guelph IPeterboro Laprairie Waterloo, Que. Hamilton Philipsburg St. Remi Waterville EIemmingſOrd Pointe aux Trembles St. Sebastien Weedon Henryville Port Arthur St. Thomas, West. Shefford HOWick Port Colborne Sarnia Wiarton Huntingdon Port McNicoll Sault Ste. Marie WindSOr Iberville Port Perry (2 Offices) Windsor Mills IngerSOll Port Stanley Scotstown Wingham Joliette, Ulebec Seaforth WOOdstock RingSton Bainy River Sherbrooke KnOWiton (3 Offices) In the United States e Portland, Ore. San Francisco Seattle In Great Britain In Newfoundland London, 2 Lombard Street, E.C. St. John's Bankers in Great Britain ; The Bank of Scotland The Union of London and Smiths Bank, Limited Montreal Branch : Lloyds Bank Limited Parr's Bank, Limited H. B. WALKER, Manager him minum IIH HALIFAX QUEBEC MONTREAL OTTAWA TORONTO SUDBURY PORT ARTHUR WINNIPEG PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE BRANDON CARBERRY REGINA SASKATOON PRINCE ALBERT EDMONTON The Canadian Northern, now operating nearly 5000 miles of railway West of the Great Lakes and 2000 miles in Eastern Canada, with about 2000 miles of new lines under construction, is the second largest railway system in Canada. The Company's terminal facilities for handling package freight and bulk grain at Port Arthur are unexcelled on the Great Lakes; and these, together with special export facilities at Halifax, Chicoutimi, Quebec and Montreal, give the railway a pre-eminent position on the North American Continent. Through Bills of Lading are issued to and from British and Continental ports, and points in Canada and the United States. T H E Canadian Northern Steamships, Limited THE BEST LINE FOR PACKAGE FREIGHT Triple-Turbine Express Steamers R.M.S. “ROYAL EDWARD '' and R.M.S. “ROYAL GEORGE '' Cold Storage Cool Air FORTNIGHTLY SAILINGS BETWEEN Montreal, Quebec and Bristol in Summer Halifax and Bristol in Winter - WRITE TO GUY TOMBS, GEO. STEPHEN, GEO. H. SHAW, Gen. Frt. Agent, Gen. Frt. Agent, Gen. Traffic Man., Can. Nor. Ry., Can. Nor. Ry., Can. Nor. Ry., Montreal, P.Q. Winnipeg, Man. Toronto, Ont. S E A S O N 19 1 2 EXPORT TRADE OF T H E T OF MONTREAL G A Z E T T E B U 1 L D 1 N G , M O N T R E A L Showing Foreign Business in CHEESE, G RAIN, CATTLE, BUTTER, FLOUR, SHEEP, LUMEER, FRUIT, AND OTHER CANA DIAN FRODUCTS. Compiled by the Commercial Department of “The Gazette." THE GAZETTE PRINTING CO., LINAITED, MONTREAL. S. s. “MANCHESTER CITY” 8,600 TONS Manchester Liners, limited THE ONLY DIRECT AND REGULAR LINE BETWEEN CANADA AND MANCHESTER First-Class Service of modern freight steamers under special contract with the Dominion ºnent. Steamers are fitted with Cold Storage accommodation for perishable. products. - Summer Service from MONTREAL and QUEBEC Winter Service from ST. JOHN, N.B., and HALIFAX, N.S. The object of this line is to develop the Canadian Trade with Manchester, which is the centre of about 7,500,000 people—one of the largest markets in the World. Shippers throughout Canada are meeting with success even beyond their expectations. FURNE3S LINE from FOWEY to THREE RIVERS and MONTREAL FURNEss LINE MonTREAL To HULL THRough BILL of LADING GRANTED TO AND FROM ALL WESTERN Points FU R N ESS, WITH Y & C O., Limited, GENERAL AGENTS, MONTREAL |- The Trade of Canada –D.M. T HE period of prosperity which began in Canada fifteen years. ago has shown no sign of nearing a close during the year 1912. In all the provinces, in all branches of trade and industry, the tide has risen to a new mark. The pace has been a rapid one indeed, but according to all signs and portents as the year closes, not dangerously so. Labor of all kinds is not merely fully employed at high wages, but many classes of labor are unobtainable in adequate supply for the demand. Railway construction goes on apace. Immigration is larger than ever before. A vast amount of British capital has poured in for investment and development purposes. The carrying capacity of the railways has been fully taxed. Manufacturing Industries have been pressed to the limit of their output. Despite a rather unpropitious season in respect of weather, a very good harvest has been reaped the country over. Our foreign commerce will in the current fiscal year reach a thou- Sand million dollars. High prices have prevailed for all farm. lyroducts. Banks have shared in the general prosperity, many of them being able to increase dividend disbursements. Real- estate in the principal cities has continuously risen in value. Business failures have been neither numerous nor serious. Building operations in all the provinces have surpassed all records. In fine, the commercial situation has been remark- ably satisfactory throughout the year in every department, and while it is true that trade the world over has flourished in 1912, in no country have conditions been better, or expansion greater, than in Canada. A $. * Turning first to the figures of foreign trade, the aggregate value of all imports and exports in the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1912, was $950,956,000, an increase of $157,000,000 16 THE TRADE OF CANADA over the preceding year, or about 20 per cent., while in the six months ending September 30th, 1912, the value of foreign trade has been $506,265,000, or $106,000,000 over the corres- ponding period of the preceding year, a gain of upwards of 25 per cent. There has been, it is true, a steadily widening gap between imports and exports, and the adverse balance of trade. has reached figures deserving attention, but there is ground for confidence that the natural resources of Canada in field, forest, mines and fisheries are at the point of rapid develop- ment, so that ere long a substantial increase in our export trade may be anticipated. Domestic industries also should in the coming years be able to more completely satisfy the consumptive demands of the country than in the immediate past. The crops on the whole have been fairly good, not by any means a failure though falling short of the bountiful. The yield of wheat may run slightly below that of last year, but oats, barley, rye, and coarse grains have given larger crops, while hay, and all root crops give better returns than in 1911. New land is being rapidly broken in the Northwest, and a really good crop season should next year produce well on to 230,000,000 bushels of wheat west of Lake Superior. e The bank returns reflect the expansion of trade and the great activity of business. At the end of October, the note circulation, including the new Dominion $5 notes, was $121,- 360,000, or some $15,000,000 in excess of circulation a year before. Public deposits in the various banks are well above a thousand millions, or $140 per head for every man, woman and child in the Dominion. Immigration will during the calendar year 1912 reach probably 400,000, an increase of 60,000 for the year. From April 1st to November 1st, more than 300,000 immigrants arrived, two-thirds coming from the British Isles and Europe, and one-third from the United States. The quality of the immigration, moreover, has been excellent, and while this stream of population flows into the country no serious check to commercial expansion seems at all probable. Railway earnings have been large beyond compare, each succeeding week showing gains, and it is with difficulty that the companies THE TRADE OF CANADA 17 * are able to procure rolling stock to handle the business of the country. Exports of dairy products have this year declined, no butter being shipped abroad, and less cheese than a year ago. The season, however, was very favorable for dairying, and the explanation of reduced exports is found in the diversion of these products to the Canadian Northwest to meet the rapidly growing demand in that section. The shipping interest, both inland and ocean, has enjoyed a prosperous year, remunerative rates prevailing for freight and the large immigration con- tributing to excellent passenger earnings. The new transcon- tinental railways, the Grand Trunk Pacific and the Canadian Northern, have prosecuted their enterprises with vigor, and the completion of both roads from ocean to ocean has come within ineasurable distance, while the Canadian Pacific is proceeding with the work of double-tracking its main line from Winnipeg westward. The year has thus fulfilled its opening promise of abounding prosperity, and its close finds conditions of trade and industry in Canada all that can well be desired. THE BANK STATEMENT. The condition of the banks at the close of October in the last three years is thus shown — * Oct., 1910. Oct., 1911. Oct., 1912. Capital paid up . . . . . . . . $ 99,642,053 $ 106,163,549 $ 114,134,182 Reserve fund . . . . . . . . . . . 80,157,791 93,418,824 104,639,396 Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,992,866 105,855,021 110,696,877 Public deposits . . . . . . . . . 829,855,337 918,404,607 1,023,912,500 Due to foreign agents 6,876,363 7,878,455. 11,883,413 Specie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,839,918 37,287,510 37,126,294 Dominion notes . . . . . . . . . 76,646,364 86,015,960 94,673,129 IDue from banks in G. B. 19,999,587 23,486,850 18,949,536 Due from foreign agents. 31,148,947 31,033,608 28,339,564 Canadian Govt. securities 13,039,973 10,186,681 9,147,731 Trailway and other sec’r’t’s 56,006,279 63,105,538 63,782,047 Call loans in Canada. . . . . 64,561,641 69,088,467 73,959,866 Municipal securities 27,043,029 22,461,448 22,780,080 Call loans outside Canada. 103,279,774 88,722,640 101,186,983 ‘Current loans in Canada. 679,820,039 768,492,008 879,676,655 Total liabilities . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . $1,068,182,955 1,260,755,709 $1,164,586,063 1,381,280,989 $1,283,211,402 1,521,105,096 18 THE TRADE OF CANADA The business of the banks, on the basis of liabilities and assets, increased during the twelve months under review by a fraction over 10 per cent. and that it was of a lucrative character is shown by an increased distribution of profits by many of the leading banks. The note circulation at the close of October was the highest on record, being $6,500,000 in excess of the same period in the preceding year. To meet currency requirements incidental to the crop movement, many of the banks were obliged to exceed their paid-up capital and resort to the emergent or “taxed” note circulation. Ten banks exceeded their paid-up capital in note circulation at the end of October, the total excess being $1,806,924. There was still, however, taking the banks as a whole, an excess of $3,437,000 of paid-up capital over total note circulation, and a large margin for the emission of emergency circulation remained. The basis of emergent circulation for crop movement is 15 per cent. Of paid-up capital and rest combined, and as these items aggregated $218,700,000 at the close of October, the amount of notes the banks could issue for emergent purposes was $32,- 805,000, an ample margin. In this connection, however, it is to be noted that during the year the Dominion Government for the first time took advantage of its power to issue legal tenders of the denomination of $5, government notes for circu- lation purposes having previously been limited to notes of one, two and four dollars. A large amount of the government $5 notes is now in the hands of the public, $10,663,000, and to this extent the circulation of bank notes has been curtailed. The note circulation, therefore, for comparative purposes, should be taken at October 31st, as $110,696,800 bank notes, plus $10,663,800 Dominion fives, making a total of $121,360,- 600, or $15,500,000 greater than a year before. The relation of note circulation to commercial loans is interesting, as indicative of the state of trade, and in this con- nection we have the following comparative figures:— - Oct., 1901. Oct., 1910. Oct., 1911. (Oct., 1912. Circulation . . . . . . $ 57,954,000 $ 95,992,000 $105,855,000 $121,360,000 Discounts . . . . . . . 289,469,000 679,820,000 768,492,000 879,676,000 THE TRADE OF CANADA 19 In 1901, the percentage of note circulation to commercial loans was 20 per cent. ; in 1910, it was 14 per cent.; in 1911 it was 13.7 per cent., and this year 13.8 per cent., showing a Temarkably steady proportion. The amount of legal tenders, Dominion Government notes, cutstanding on October 31st, 1912, was $115,748,000, of which $81,688,000 consisted of notes of larger denomination forming part of the cash reserves of the banks, and $34,060,000 consisted of notes of small denomination in the hands of the public or in the bank tills. Against this issue the Government held specie and bullion, gold, to the amount of $103,054,000, or about $5,000,000 in excess of all requirements under the law. - Deposits of the public in the banks were increased by the substantial sum of $105,500,000 during the year, and now exceed one thousand million dollars, being an increase of more than three-fold in eleven years. In addition to this amount, the public have deposits in the chartered savings banks of $41,453,- 000, and in the Government post office and savings banks of $57,872,000, making total deposits of the people in these various depositories of no less than $1,123,237,000. Taking the population of Canada as 8,000,000, the deposits represent $140 per head, a striking evidence of the thrift and prosperity of the people. There were at the end of October 27 banks in operation, but two of these are about amalgamating with larger institu- tions, so that the actual number of chartered banks will shortly be only 25. The branch bank system which exists in Canada, however, multiplies the actual number of banks enormously, there being upwards of 2,700 branch banks in the country, and instead of enjoying a monopoly, complaint is often heard of -excessive competition for business between banks. No com- munity rising above the dignity of an obscure village is without Gne or more branch banks, rendered stable by the strength of the parent bank. Canadian banks have prospered, but their prosperity can never be other than a reflection of the prosperity of the country at large, and bearing this fact in mind, the 20 THE TRADE OF CANADA following statement of the growth of the business of the banks during the last seven years is very gratifying. Oct., 1905. Oct., 1912. Capital, paid up . . . . . . . . . . . $ 83,864,800 $114, 134,000 Rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . 57,493,300 104,639,000 Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,890,800 110,696,900 Public deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . 500,691,000 1,023,912,000 Specie and legal tenders. . . . 59,412,000 131,799,000 Commercial loans . . . . . . . . . . 450,413,000 879,676,000 Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . 658,645,000 1,283,211,000 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811,800,000, 1,521,105,000 FOREIGN TRADE. The aggregate value of imports and exports of Canada has continued to increase from month to month during the year and no sign of a halt in this movement is apparent. The last returns available bring the figures down to September 30th, and are as follows, being for the first half of the current fiscal year:— Merchandise entered for Consumption. . Merchandise, domestic—exported . . . . . . . Six months ending September, 1911. 1912. $246,710,687 $325,189,346 129,606,982 162,427,384 Total merchandise for consumption and domestic exported . . . . . . . . . . Coin and bullion entered for consumption Coin and bullion exported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchandise, foreign—exported . . . . . . . . . $376,317,669 $487,616,730 $ 11,695,407 $ 2.676,256 1,958,865 5,841,086 10,298,914 10,131,351 Grand total, Canadian trade. . . . . . . . • $400,270,855 $506,265,405. The increase in aggregate foreign trade in the six months was 26.5 per cent., including in the figures coin and bullion and foreign merchandise exported. Taking the figures of imports for consumption and exports of Canadian produce only, the increase is still greater, having been $111,300,000, or close upon 30 per cent., a very remarkable expansion. Of this increase of $111,300,000, exports account for $32,800,000, and imports for $78,500,000. THE TRADE OF CANADA 21 The principal countries with which this trade was carried on during the six months ending September 30th, 1912, were:— Imports From Exports To - 1912. 1912. Great Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 66,663,825 $81,136,567 United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216,030,370 75,230,612 France • * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - 7,891,375 1,546,013 Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,842,753 1,991,989 Holland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,530,617 1,294,801 Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854,314 195,178 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,957,919 314,328 Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,945,584 5,093 Dutch East Indies . . . . . . . . . . 1,847,691 7,002 Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,416,469 601,200 Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046,667 2,242,531 British India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,849,494 93,105 British West Indies ... - . . . . . 5,322,931 1,936,158 Of total exports of all products from Canada in the six months ending September 30th, 1912, amounting to $178,400,- 000, Great Britain took 45.5 per cent. and the United States 42.2 per cent., all other countries taking only 12 per cent. Of the imports into Canada in the same period amounting to $327,865,000, the United States supplied $216,000,000, or 64 per cent, while Great Britain supplied 20.4 per cent, and all Cther countries about 15 per cent. . The following is a classification of the exports for the six months ending with September: 1911. 1912. Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. The Mine . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,322,817 $ 108,694 $ 27,073,380 $ 59,736 The Fisheries . . . . . . . 6,736,296 67,497 6,370,988 35,100 The Forest . . . . . . . . . 22,807,072 158,623 23,810,713 337,765 Animals and their pro- - duce . . . . . . . . . . . 27,068,461 531,868 24,314,427 424,074 Agriculture . . . . . . . . . 37,415,659 5,831,719 61,401,528 3,671,678 Manufactures 16,205,034 3,139,899 19,416,556 4,083,494 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . 51,643 460,614 39,792 1,519,504 Total merchandise $129,606.982 $10,298.914 Coin and bullion 1,958,865 $162,427,384 $10,131,351 5,841,068 Grand total, exports $129,606,982 $12,257,779 $162,427,384 $15,972,419 The largest increase in exports was in agricultural products, namely grain, and this arose from the large crop 22 THE TRADE OF CANADA yield in the Northwestern provinces in 1911. Products of the mine and of manufactures also show a substantial growth in export, while animals and their produce have declined in export value, owing chiefly to the total consumption of the butter product within the country, and to a slight reduction in the export of cheese. - - The following statement compiled from the latest returns exhibits the growth of Canada’s foreign trade during the past three years, and the countries with which this trade is carried O]] — ... • Twelve months ending August. Imports for consumption. 1910. - 1911 1912. Dutiable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . $254,367,396 $298,581,065 $382,754,419 Free goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 155,108,457 175,740,720 201,555,149 Total imports, merchandise $409,475,853 $474,321,785 - $584,309,568 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . . . . 8,156,779 18,041,204 17,231,466 Total imports . . . . . . . . . . . . $417,632,632 $492,362,989 $601,541,034 Exports. Canadian produce— - } - The mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 40,365,686 $ 42,562,256 $ 47,710,471 The fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,802,204 15,865,839 16,510,531 The forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,247,176 42,504,086 41,231,699 Animal produce . . . . . . . . . . 52,377,489 51,734,565 46,410,334 Agricultural products . . . . 95,670,303 88,349,527 131,277,101 Manufactures . . . . . . . . . . . 33,060,475. 35,009,927 38,307,675 Miscellaneous ... ......... 166,775 198,137 102,087 Totals, Canadian produce $285,690,108 $276,224,337 $321,514,948 Foreign produce . . . . . . . . . . . 19,251,693 17,547,937 16,945,237 Total exports, merchandise $304,941,801 $293,772,274 $338,460,185 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,597,202 7,543,771 10,954,935 . Total exports . . . . . . . . . . $307,539,003 $301,316,045 $349,415,120 Aggregate trade ............ $725,171,635 $793,679,034 $950,956,154 THE TRADE OF CANADA 23. Imports by Countries. United Kingdom—Dutiable. . —Free . . Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . British Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . & & Last Indies . . . . . . . . & & Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . “ West Indies . . . . . . . . Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other British . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dnited States—Dutiable & & & & —Free Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foreign . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total imports Exports by countries. United . Ringdom— ‘Canadian produce Foreign produce Australia, Eritish Africa. . . . . & & East Indies & & Guiana, tº g tº $ tº tº $ tº & & West Indies . . . . . . . . Newfoundland New Zealand Other British |United State S– Canadian produce Foreign produce ... . . . . . . . . Eelgium • France . . . Germany Other foreign e s is s a tº e e e º a tº e º e º e & e º e e s e º e s a º is e • * * * * * * * * * tº e e º ſº tº e º tº £ tº 8 & © tº € • e s e s e e s • * * : * e” . tº e e e º e º 'º e s is is e e ſº Total exports $ 79,580,770 25,542,038 540,243 1,098,344 4,008,759 3,479,027 6,176,410 1,533,232 756,327 661,657 134,510,958 116,306,274 3,670,215 11,007,596 8,660,940 20,699,842 $ 84,446,262 25,635,546 470,066 495,777 4,610,557 4,121,423 6,106,997 1,934,553 883,201 990,756 168,415,108 145,355,340 3,431,470 11,266,900 . 10,880,723 23,318,310 $ 96,767,685. 28,053,027 369,141 361,132. 5,680,375. 4,571,713. 6,694,133, 1,727,842. 1,772,968. 1,077,573. 232,544,036 161,355,965. 3,592,060 13,687,316 12,152,989 31,132,147 $417,632,632 $492,362,989 $601,541,034 $307,539,003 $301,316,045 THE BALANCE OF TRADE. • * - $146,091,247 $135,454,091 $161,252,916. 9,468,711 5,309,358 3,888,306. 3,713,013 3,784,228 4,070,071 2,337,179 2,590,263 3,017,110 105,315 181,560 341,284 613,009 588,117 616,585. 4,374,935 4,387,282 4,793,894. 4,072,010 4,112,391 4,439,953. 852,667 1,040,897 1,511,766 758,627 763,349 681,736. , 103,606,609 102,272,968 116,359,995. 8,438,869 17,551,707 22,084,498 2,996,533 3,057,414 3,894,517. 2,451,534 2,627,907 2,316,676 2,680,727 3,064,479 3,900,179. 15,978,018 14,539,034 16,245,624 . $349,415,120. The gap between imports and exports of Canada has been steadily widening for several years past. Ten to fifteen years ago domestic exports exceeded in value imports for consump- 24 - THE TRADE OF CANADA tion, and the notable change in this respect which has since occurred is shown by the following figures:– Exports. Imports. 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $164,152,000 $140,323,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,896,000 162,764,000 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,894,000 189,822,000 1901. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,487,000 190,415,000 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... e. e. e s e s is 211,640,000 212,270,000 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $923,069,000 $895,394,000 In this period Canada exported goods to the value of $37,600,000 in excess of her imports, had in other words, a credit of this sum in her foreign trading account. Now, contrast this condition with that of the past five years:– - Exports. Imports. 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $263,369,000 $351,880,000 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,900,000 288,135,000 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . ... • - - - - - - - 301,360,000 375,833,000 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,764,000 451,691,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,716,000 521,348,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,431,109,000 $1,988,887,000 % The balance of trade against Canada in the last five fiscal year aggregates the large sum of $557,000,000, an average of upwards of one hundred millions annually, while only ten years before the balance of trade was actually in favor of Canada. Nor is the situation improving, as in the six months ending September 30th, 1912, the value of goods entered for Consumption was $152,632,000 in excess of the value of goods exported both foreign and domestic. - This adverse balance could scarcely exist under normal conditions, as the country would have exhausted its credit long since. The condition in Canada, however, is not normal, but quite exceptional when compared with older countries. The pace of material development has been rapid: immigration has increased at a rate to tax the machinery and capacity for absorption; enormous sums of money have been expended in THE TRADE OF CANADA 25 railway construction and permanent public works, and the stream of foreign capital has poured into the country in great volume for several years past. The merchandise balance of trade against Canada has been liquidated by borrowing, by the Sale abroad of securities of various kinds, as well as by capital brought in by immigrants. The supply of foreign capital continues large, although applications for loans are somewhat less readily accepted, higher rates of interest have, in recent months, been paid by borrowers, and offerings of securities are less speedily exhausted by foreign investors. A turning point seems to be near at hand, when imports will either remain stationary or decline, or exports must be increased, as sooner or later the balance of trade must be paid by goods rather than by gold supplied by loans abroad. The rapidly increasing output of the farm, the forest, the mines and the fisheries give reason to expect a substantial increase in the export of Canadian products in the near future, and that the solution of the adverse balance of trade problem will be brought about by this means. IMANUFACTURES IN CANADA. The census of the manufactures of Canada taken last year for the calendar year 1910 as now compiled gives the following statistics, compared with those of the census of 1901 for the calendar year 1900, viz:— 1910. 1900. Increase. Increase w D.C. Establishments, No... 19,202 14,650 4,552 31. 07 Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,245,018,881 $446,916,487 $798,102,394 178.58 (Employees, No. . . . . 511,844 339,173 172,671 50.91 Salaries and wages. . $240,494,996 $113,249,350 $127,245,646 112. 36. Materials . . . . . . . . ... 600,822,791 266,527,858. 334,294,933 125. 42 Products . . . . . . . . . . 1,164,695,032 481,053,375 683,641,657 142. 11 The capital employed in manufactures increased during the decade by 178.58 per cent. and the value of products by 142.11 per cent. The number of establishments employing five hands and over last year was 19,202, being an increase of 4,552 in the decade. - - • 26 - THE TRADE OF CANADA The following comparative table of the value of products by groups of industries is of interest:- - 1890. 1900. 1910. Food products . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 75,958,987 $125,202,620 $245,669,321 Textiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,744,242 67,724,839 135,902,441 Iron and steel products. . . . . . 28,535,789 34,878,402 113,640,610 Timber and lumber and their - º re-manufactures . . . . . . . 72,796,425 80,341,204 184,630,376 ILeather and its finished pro- - ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,451,749 34,720,513 62,850,412 Paper and printing . . . . . . . . . 13,849,885 20,653,028 46,458,053 Liquors and beverages . . . . . . 8,671,847 9,191,700 28,936,782 Chemicals and allied pro- ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,739,531 11,437,300 27,798,833 Clay, glass and stone pro- ducts . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * 10,194,358 7,318,582 25,781,860 Metals and metal products Other than steel . . . . . . . . . 13,251,910 19,561,261 73,241,796 Tobacco and its manufactures 5,627,765 11,802,112 25,329,323 Vehicles for land transporta- tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,037,684 19,971,605 69,712,114 Vessels for water transporta- tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,311,559 2,043,668 6,575,417 Miscellaneous industries . . . . . 32,543,949 35,607,212 104,618,560 Pſand trades . . . . . , * * * * * * * * * * * 981,043 599,329 14,829,741 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . $368,696,723 $481,053,375 $1,165,975,639 The value of the product of industries in the principal manufacturing cities of Canada in the last three census years was as follows:— * ! 1890. 1900. 1910. . Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $71,307,644 $77,211,030 $188,881,848 Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,963,922 58,415,498 154,306,948 Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,044,521 17,122,346 55,125,946 Winnipeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,611,240 8,616,248 39,400,608 Ottawa, and Hull . . . . . . . . 10,109,343 10,820,738 28,183,632 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,800,360 12,779,546 17,149,385 Brantford . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,280,999 5,564,695 15,866,229 Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,895,216 4,990,152 15,070,105 The largest increase in value of products is shown to have occurred in Montreal during the last census decade, and the next largest in Toronto, these two cities having produced about one-third of the total industrial output of Canada in 1910. t - THE CROP OUTPUT. Despite a somewhat unfavorable crop season in point of weather, the rain-fall being in many parts of Canada above the normal, the output of crops has been, on the whole, satisfactory. THE TRADE OF CANADA 27 During September, an important harvest period, wet weather continued to prevail over most parts of Canada, especially over the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba. At September 30 large areas of grain, both in the east and west, were still either uncut or were exposed to the wet in stook. Much damage was caused by sprouting, and in the Northwest provinces second growth in numerous instances caused uneven ripening and consequent lowering of grade. Frosts during September in those provinces did some damage; but as a rule only late Sown crops including flax, were seriously affected. In parts of southern Ontario the ground was so wet that many farmers ahandoned the sowing of fall wheat for next year. For spring wheat the estimated production is 188,816,600 bushels as compared with 189,904,500 bushels last year. For fall wheat the estimate is 16,868,700 bushels compared with 26,014,000 bushels last year, the total estimated wheat produc- tion being therefore 205,685,300 bushels as compared with 215,918,500 bushels in 1911, a decrease of 5 per cent. The yield per acre is 21.08 bushels for all wheat as against 20.77 bushels last year. Oats show a total production of 381,502,000 bushels compared with 348,585,600 bushels last year, the yield per acre being 41.39 bushels compared with 37.75. Barley is estimated to yield a total of 43,895,100 bushels com- pared with 40,631,000 bushels last year, the yield per acre being 31.00 bushels against 28.94. The total produc- tion of rye is 3,086,000 bushels against 2,668,800 bushels in 1911, the yields per acre being respectively 20.75 and 17.41 bushels of oats, barley and rye. Increases in total production as compared with last year represent percentages of 9, 8 and 15. The estimated production of peas is 4,202,400 bushels, of beans 1,106,800 bushels, of buckwheat 10,924,100 bushels, of flaxseed 21,143,400 bushels, of mixed grains 17,940,900 bushels and of corn for husking 14,218,400 bushels. The average quality of these crops at harvest time, measured upon a per cent. basis of 100 as representing grain well headed, well filled, well saved and unaffected to any appre- ciable extent by frost, rust, Smut, etc., is as follows: spring 28 THE TRADE OF CANADA wheat 83.70, oats 86.01, barley 84.48, rye 80.82, peas 66.41, teans 68.81, buckwheat 80.87, mixed grains 90.59, flaxseed 83.86 and corn for husking 71.92 per cent. Of these crops wheat, oats, barley and flaxseed are above, while peas, beans and corn for husking are below the average quality for either of the two previous years. In the province of Quebec the rainy and cold season retarded in general the ripening of the crops, while seeding was late. At the Quebec Observatory the rainfall registered during the five months May to September reached this year a total of 24.82 inches, while the average for the same period during the last 50 years was only 18.93 inches. Yet, notwithstanding a shortage in several crops, the harvest in general was satisfactory and even good. A comparative statement of the crops in Quebec for the last five years is as follows:— 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 General Average . . . . . . . . . . . (68 80 83 82 80 The best crops of this year are potatoes (85 per cent.), green fodder and clover (84 per cent.), hay, timothy and pastures (83 per cent.). The smallest crops are fruits, rye, and tobacco (77 per cent.), wheat, flax, peas and beams (78 per cent.). The following statements give the area and yields of the principal field crops of Ontario for 1912. Fall wheat—759,888 acres yielded 15,039,885 bushels, or 19.8 per acre, as compared with 17,926,586 and 21.4 in 1911. The annual average per acre for 31 years was 21.0. Spring wheat-–123,080 acres yielded 2,301,339 bushels, or 18.7 per acre, as compared with 2,295,534 and 17.2 in 1911. Annual average, 16.0. . Barley—647,382 acres yielded 19,232,275 bushels, or 29.7 per acre, as compared with 16,248,129 and 26.3 in 1911. Annual average, 27.8. Oats—2,601,735 acres yielded 98,444,807 bushels, or 37.8 per acre, as compared with 84,829,232 and 31.4 in 1911. Annual average, 35.6. THE TRADE OF CANADA 29 Rye—105,949 acres yielded 1,839,675 bushels, or 17.4 per acre, as compared with 1,562,971 and 15.8 in 1911. Annual average, 16.4. Buckwheat—205,893 acres yielded 5,404,796 bushels, or 26.3 per acre, as compared with 3,852,231 and 20.4 in 1911. Annual average, 20.7. Peas—221,524 acres yielded 3,667,005 bushels, or 16.6 per acre, compared with 4,462,182 and 14.7 in 1911. Annual average, 19.2. - - º Mixed grains—448,402 acres yielded 16,392,161 bushels, or 36.6 per acre, as compared with 14,845,595 and 30.5 in 1911. Average (6 years), 33.9. Potatoes—158,888 acres yielded 21,346,394 bushels, or 334 per acre, as compared with 13,918,698 and 86 in 1911. Annual average, 116. : Mangels—60,103 acres yielded 27,671,114 bushels, or 460 per acre, as compared with 28,126,313 and 434 in 1911. Annual average, 458. Turnips—101,529 acres yielded 49,561,566 bushels, or 488 per acre, as compared with 39,664,275 and 394 in 1911. Annual average, 431. • - Hay and clover (including Alfalfa)—3,367,369 acres yielded 5,220,713 tons, or 1.55 per acre as against 4,238,362 tons, and 1.28 in 1911. Annual average, 1.46. In the Northwest provinces the area and yield of the principal grain crops was:— Area, A Cres. Total yield, Bush. Manitoba– 1912 1911 1912 1911 H'all wheat . . . . . . . . . 3,100 2,961 95,000 85,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . 2,650,000 2,976,773. 51,516,000 60,190,000 All wheat . . . . . . . . . . 2,653,100 2,979,734 51,611,000 60,275,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269,000 1,260,736 57,752,000 57,893,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . 454,600 433,067 15,552,000 14,447,000 Saskatchewan— - Fall wheaſt . . . . . . . . 53,000 34,457 1,391,000 758,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . 4,838,500 4,670,203 103,737,000 96,907,000 All wheat . . . . . . . . . . 4,891,500 4,704,660 105,128,000 97,665,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,285,600 2,124,057 109,617,000 97,962,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,300 172,253 6,354,000 5,445,000 Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,600 2,167 74,900 gº tº e e s ∈ & I’eas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 304 9,700 . . . . . . . Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463,000 570,030 18,375,000 6,413,000 Mixed grains . . . . . . . 3,000 2,847 132,600 * * * * * * * 30 THE TRADE OF CANADA Alberta— Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . 161,000 316,910 3,878,400 8,011,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . 1,256,200 1,299,989 28,968,000 28,132,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,359,300 1,178,410 66,606,000 56,964,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,900 156,418 6,043,000 4,151,000 TIIE DAIRY INDUSTRY. Since the last publication of this Review of Canadian trade and industry, the census figures of the output of butter and cheese have been issued, and these show that in 1910 there were 3,628 factories in operation. The quantity of butter made in the year was 59,875,097 pounds, having a value of $15,682,564. This is 23,818,358 pounds more than in 1900, and the value is more by $8,441,592. The quantity of cheese is 231,012,798 pounds, which is more than at the previous census by 10,179,529 pounds, but the value is less by $600,776. The total value of butter, cheese and condensed milk in 1910 was $39,143,089, and in 1900 it was $29,731,922, being an increase of $9,411,167 in ten years. Taking butter alone the value of the factory product was $7,240,972 in 1900 and $15,682,564 in 1910, and the value of cheese alone was $22,221,430 in 1900 and $21,620,654 in 1910. The average price of factory butter was 20 cents per pound and of cheese 10 cents per pound, in 1900, whilst in 1910 the average price of butter was 26.2 cents per pound and of cheese only 9 cents per pound. The dairy industry is centred in Ontario and Quebec, the output of these provinces in the census years having been:- 1900. 1910. *s-sms Butter, lbs. Cheese, lbs. Butter, lbs. Cheese, lbs. Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . 7,559,542 131,967,612 13,699,153 157,631,823 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . 24,625,000 80,630,199 37,346,107 67,741,802 . . . The production of butter and cheese in the Northwest provinces is as yet small, and much below consumption require- ments, as is shown by the fact that in 1912 the surplus product of Ontario and Quebec butter was all absorbed in the Canadian West, besides a considerable import of New Zealand butter. THE TRADE OF CANADA 31 IBANK CLEARINGS. Bank Clearings afford a fairly satisfactory test of the business activity of the country, although affected considerably by Stock Exchange transactions. The operations on the Mont- real and Toronto Stock Exchanges have been exceedingly large this year, and real estate transfers throughout Canada have also been on a much greater scale than ever before, both sources swelling Clearing House returns, but much of the growth of clearings has been directly due to the expansion of trade. The Clearings in the principal Canadian cities for eleven months ending with November during the last three years were as follows:— + In C. Or - Dec. 1910. 1911. 1912. % MOntreal . . . $1,908,601,288 $2,163,707,430 $2,598,576,945 ––20.1 Toronto. 1,430,815,830 1,679,421,685 1,975,335,475 ––17.6 Winnipeg. . 852,272,613 1,042,645,008 1,370,391,110 +31.4 Vancouver. 402,257,937 493,808,692 589,684,062 +19.9 -Ottawa. 177,752,083 193,048,009 226,633,907 -H17.4 Quebec. 111,515,768 120,491,733 143,313,924 –H18.9 |Halifax. 88,521,798 79,510,187 91,567,084 +15.2 Calgary. 135,121,140 196,544,442 249,719,444 +27.1 Hamilton. . 91,647,975 112,398,728 151,145,142 ––34.5 St. John . . . 71,089,198 70,039,942 80,248,218 – 14.1 Victoria. 91,383,004 123,176,473 166,513,923 +35.2 London . . . 60,546,416 64,612,954 76,088,330 +17.7 Lólmonton. 63,347,332 107,309,499 199,078,409 +85.5 Total. . . . $5,484,592,382 $6,446,714,782 $7,918,095,973 The increase in Clearings in thirteen Canadian cities during eleven months has been over 25 per cent. as compared with the corresponding period in 1911, while as compared with 1909 the gain is about 75 per cent. The largest percentage gains have occurred in the western cities, aided to some extent by real estate dealings, Edmonton showing an increase of 85 per cent., Victoria, B.C. of 35 per cent. and Winnipeg of 31 per cent. 32 . THE TRADE OF CANADA Other Northwest towns are also figuring prominently in Clearing House returns as the following statement for eleven months will show:— - f 1911. 1912. Increase Regina. . . . . . . . . . . . . $64,534,325 $103,915,836 +61.0 Brandon. . . . . . . . . . . . 26,046,282 29,019,837 +11.4 Lethbridge. . . . . . . . . . 25,926,776 30,489,503 +17.6 Saskatoon. . . . . . . . . . . 55,404,475 103,757,384 +87.3 Moose Jaw. . . . . . . . . . 35,031,863 57,421,718 . . . . . Brantford. . . . . . . . . . . 25,273,193 27,638,456 + 9.4 Fort William . . . . . . . . . 5,145,935 36,330,599 . . . . . Montreal has this year overtaken three United States cities in the volume of bank clearings, and now occupies the sixth place among the cities of the Continent, a very convincing evidence of its rapid commercial advancement. The figures for the last four years, on eleven months’ returns, follow:— (000’s omitted) 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. New York. . . . . . . . $93,681,999 $89,249,695 $84,261,001 $91,935,245. Chicago. . . . . . . . . . 12,556,981 12,738,217 12,684,940 14,020,381 Boston. . . . . . . . . . 7,668,486 7,588,289 7,608,584 8,253,861 IPhiladelphia. . . . . . 6,274,892 7,024,320 6,991,557 7,422,663. St. Louis. . . . . . . . 3,119, 170 3,390,162 3,513,441 3,660,000. Pittsburg. . . . . . . . 2,217,472 2,366,197 2,306,236 2,558,178. San Francisco. . . . . 1,786,248 2,120,878 2,210,866 2,447,000 Ransas City. . . . . . 2,172,339 2,401,582 2,355,294 1,778,000. Montreal . . . . . . . . 1,670,241 1,908,601 2,163,707 2,598,576. Montreal now leads all United States cities in volume of Bank Clearings but five, and on the year has shown a larger percentage growth than any United States city. The Gazette The Oldest Newspaper in the Dominion Retains its Position as the Leading Journal of the Province, in Cha- racter, Standing and Influence. :-: :-: :-: :-: ESTABLISHED 1778 Subscription $600 a Year SMEATON WHITE, President f{\ ſº FULLEST CABLE AND TELEGRAPHIC NEWS: EXCLUSIVE AND RELIABLE FINANCIAL INEWS: AUTHORITATIVE MARKET REPORTS IMPARTIAL SPORTING REPORTS: FULL LEGAL RFPORTS: TRUSTWORTHY SHIP- PING INTELLIGENCE. . s. º º º º n || || º Rºlº | Nº. º - - - º º º GENERAL VIEW OF MONTREAL HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS’ ELEVATOR No. 2, witH CONVEYOR systEM, FROM OUTER END OF JACQUES CARTIER PIER. The Improvements to the Port of Montreal D - [...] (Prepared by Frederick W. Cowie, Chief Engineer for the Montreal Harbour Commissioners, Dec. 9th, 1912.) HE Montreal Harbour Commissioners and their construc- tion organization have the following accomplishments to their credit for the season of 1912:— An Act of Parliament approving of and authorizing the second stage of Harbour Extensions, to comprise three years’ fur- ther work. A successful construction season, no serious accidents in the Port, satisfactory labour conditions and the best season on record with regard to the operation of Harbour facilities. A new pier, adjoining the Racine Pier, was completed, specially designed for local river traffic. The Harbour Commissioners Railway line was completed along the river front from Molsons Creek to Racine Pier. A ferry wharf was completed at St. Helen’s Island, to the order of the City of Montreal. A new Engine Flouse, Harbour Yard and Shops were completed on the harbour front, Hochelaga. Two permanent transit sheds were completed and opened for traffic on the Tarte Pier, and two additional ones were commenced. Important additions and improvements were made to the Har- bour Commissioners construction and operating plant. Navigation in the Harbour and Ship Channel was greatly facilitated owing to there being an ample depth of water throughout the summer. 36 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Harbour Commissioners Elevator No. 2, commenced in 1910, was inaugurated and took its place towards relieving the congested grain traffic in Montreal Harbour. A new Harbour shed, No. 16, was completed and opened for business on the new high level Victoria Pier. The “Duke of Connaught” Floating Dock was dedicated to Shipping and Industry by Field Marshal His Royal High- ness the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, K.G., on November 18th. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. The Engineering Department of the Harbour Commis- Sioners of Montreal is organized so as to have charge of the varied and important branches, as follows:—Harbour extensions, construction, maintenance, operation. The staff organization requires a responsible officer, always ready when required or in an emergency, to take charge of the many questions in connection with the general maintenance of the Harbour, its channels, navigation and the varying physical conditions, also the wharves, sheds, railways, roads, lighting, terminal and freight handling facilities, reports, information and records. The operation of grain elevators, floating eleva- tors and cranes; the keeping of the wharves in order and traffic going; the information, advice and consultation as to the best ways and means of carrying on St. Lawrence traffic, are also matters of every day work. Besides this, as is sometimes over- looked, there is the actual planning and direction of the con- struction work which, in Montreal Harbour, is done almost altogether departmentally and not by contract. The physical conditions of the mighty St. Lawrence and the problems in connection with its care are responsibilities not easily passed over. Mr. Kennedy, for many years the Chief Ingineer of the Harbour and still its veteran honoured authority, once remarked that it was easy to coax the St. Lawrence, but not so safe to try to force it. The Harbour extensions must necessarily upset nature to some extent, and the difficulties to THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 37 be encountered constructing works in the mighty river to with- Stand currents, ice, changes in temperature of some one hundred and fifty degrees, as well as floods, are such as to require in the staff engineers having, above all things, fearlessness of responsi- bility. * The construction work is almost universally carried on departmentally. The steady growth of the Harbour and the constant yearly effort to keep pace with the commerce, has re- Sulted in the Commissioners having a splendid plant for the peculiar constructions required. Dredging plant, tugs, derricks and a shop for repairs, are all kept up-to-date, and the organi- zation for construction is capable of dredging and placing in the works some two or three million cubic yards of excavated material, of building half a mile of cribwork and concrete quay walls of a height from the foundations to the cope of 60 feet, of building fifty thousand cubic yards of concrete, constructing railways, walls, sheds, culverts and, in fact, almost every phase of port construction. The following report by the John S. Metcalf Co., Limited, Montreal, gives a full description of the structure and installa- tion of the new Harbour Commissioners Grain Elevator No. 2: NEW GRAIN ELEWATOR FOR THE HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS OF MONTREAL. The marine traffic of the port of Montreal is second only to that of the port of New York, among all the ocean ports of North America. An important portion of the export traffic from Montreal is grain, which is, for the greater part, wheat from the western provinces of Canada. Prior to 1910 the export grain handling equipment in Montreal Harbour consisted of a 1,000,000-bushel steel elevator, owned and operated by the Harbour Commissioners, adapted for unloading lake and canal vessels but not designed for exten- sive railway car traffic; a 1,000,000-bushel steel elevator owned and operated by the Montreal Warehousing Company (a cor- 38 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL poration subsidiary to the Grand Trunk Railway), equipped for the unloading of both railroad cars and inland vessels; two obsolete wooden elevators, owned by the Canadian Pacific Rail- way and since torn down; and a small fleet of floating transfer elevators of varying age and efficiency. In the early part of 1910 the Harbour Commissioners of Montreal determined on the immediate construction of a new grain elevator of the highest class to provide (a) a rapid and efficient plant for the unloading of those railway cars for which the Grand Trunk Elevator was not available; (b) extensive additional capacity for quick unloading of inland vessels which were often being delayed for days in the harbour waiting to be unloaded; (c) sufficient additional storage capacity So that mer- chants could hold grain at the exporting point when it became advantageous to do so, and to eliminate the necessity for direct and almost immediate transfer of inland cargoes to ocean ves- sels; (d) facilities for shipping grain from the new elevator, not only to the present vessel berths but to others under course of planning. The Harbour Commissioners retained John S. Metcalf Co., Limited, as their constructing engineers for the new elevator. This company were the designers and builders of the Grand Trunk Elevator in Montreal harbour and of the great export grain conveyor system belonging to the Commissioners; so that they were familiar with the development of the port and the details of the problems to be solved. The instructions were to provide the best in structure, equipment and efficiency. The Commissioners were resolved that Montreal’s export traffic in grain should not suffer through lack of thorough facilities. In the summer of 1912 the elevator and a portion of the shipping conveyors were ready for the handling of car grain; and the marine unloading equipment went into operation on October 1 of this year. Even though the capacity of the new elevator was to be 1,772,000 bushels, it was found in 1911 that the storage room of the port would still be inadequate; and as the elevator was to have machinery equipment suitable for tak- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 39 ing care of several millions of bushels of storage capacity, the Commissioners ordered the capacity of the elevator to be in- creased by 850,000 bushels, making the total capacity of the new work 2,622,000 bushels. The storage addition will be ready for grain this fall. A description of the important features of the work fol- lows: - Dimensions.—The elevator, including the storage addition, is 456 feet 8 inches long by 100 feet wide, and 220 feet high on the tops of the leg towers. Foundations.—The elevator is built on filled ground and in part is above old wooden wharves long since buried by the gradual making of land along the river bank. The range of water level in the St. Lawrence at this point is approximately 35 feet. The rail elevation is at high-water level; but to pro- vide for deep receiving pits it was necessary to carry a con- siderable portion of the excavation for the main elevator down to a depth of about 20 feet; accordingly the entire area of the main building was excavated to low-water level and 7,730 wooden piles were driven. The driving was found to be exceedingly difficult, owing to the boulders, old cribs, etc., beneath the site. Two large drivers with No. 1 Warrington Steam Hammers were employed. On top of the piles a reinforced concrete slab 3 ft. 6 ins. thick was laid, extending over the entire founda- tion area. An idea of the foundation problem may be gained when it is known that loads as high as 1,270 tons had to be carried on some of the columns. Concrete piers and walls were built on top of the founda- tion slab and carried up to the track level. The track girders are of reinforced concrete, except over the receiving pits, where they are of steel. Boot tanks and track hoppers are of steel. The foundations of the 850,000-bushel storage addition were differently treated. As there were to be no elevator legs, and consequently no boot tanks, in this portion of the elevator, the deep excavation necessary for the main elevator was not required. Consequently 1,535 reinforced concrete piles were used. These were of the Simplex Moulded Inserted type, with 40 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL their tops about four feet below base of rail. Above them the foundation concrete was placed. - - First Story.——Four railroad tracks extend through the entire elevator. The bin openings are 22 ft. 6 in. above the tracks. The columns supporting the bins are of reinforced con- Crete, about 24 ft. centers, in general, each way. Some of these columns are as large as 6%x5% ft. They are surmounted by the heavy concrete girders supporting the bins. These main girders are 5 ft. deep and 6% ft. wide. The first floor is of concrete except at hopper and grain openings, where steel grat- ings are employed. Curtain walls are of concrete, with a large area of fire-proof windows. The track openings are closed by rolling steel doors. - * Bins.—The bins are of reinforced concrete; are rectangular in form and 86 ft. deep. The bin walls are in general 8 ins. thick; bin capacities range from 6,800 bushels to 14,300 bushels; and the total number of bins is 278, exclusive of shipping bins. Along the water side of the elevator the upper portion of each bin is used as a shipping bin. An intermediate concrete bin bottom is placed about mid-height of the bin, the upper portion of the bin discharging to the shipping conveyors and the lower portion being used as an ordinary storage bin. The bins were constructed by the use of moving forms raised by nuts working in jack castings attached to the forms, the nuts travelling on threaded rods set vertically in the con- Crete walls. Rapid progress was made in the building of the walls; the height of 86 feet in the storage addition was run in less than 14 days, day and night work. The bin bottoms are of reinforced concrete, in part sup- ported directly on the bin girders and in part suspended from them. Each bin opening is provided with a cast-iron and steel revolving turnhead, with rack and pinion valve, opened and closed from the floor below. Cupola.-The cupola construction is a remarkably fine example of reinforced concrete. Columns, girders, floor and roof beams, wind bracing, stairs, curtain walls, floors and roof are all of concrete. In fact, only in the case of machinery supports THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 41 has structural steel played any important part. The lower sides of the floor and roof beams are cambered. Curtain walls are 2% ins. thick, supported at short intervals by concrete ribs connecting with the floor beams. The windows are of the fire- proof type. The roof covering is of tar, felt and gravel, except on the leg towers, where the concrete is waterproofed and cover- ing omitted. The cupola is 107 ft. high above the bin walls and 220 ft. above the base of rail. This means that there are very few, if any, higher reinforced concrete buildings in existence. Above the storage addition the cupola is but two stories high, as the only machinery above those bins is the conveyors and spouts for filling the bins. - Marine Tower.—A marine tower for unloading boats is placed on a jetty projecting into the neighboring slip. The tower is so placed that two vessels may be unloaded simul- taneously, one lying along each side of the jetty. The tower is placed 340 feet from the elevator. It is built of structural steel, this material being adopted instead of concrete because it is expected that in the event of the Georgian Bay Canal being built and 600-ft. vessels being brought to Montreal for unload- ing, it may be desired to extend the jetty farther and move the tower to such a distance from the shore that 600-ft. vessels may be unloaded without interference. As the shorter jetty is, how- ever, better adapted to present congestion in the harbor, it has been adopted until such time as the increased size of lake boats coming to Montreal shall require its extension. A steel gallery runs from the marine tower to the elevator, and contains the conveyor belts for taking grain received by boat to the elevator. SFIIIPPING CONVEYOR GALLERIES. The diagram shows the extensive system of shipping galleries built and contemplated. Those already built in con- nection with Elevator No. 1 were two miles in extent. Those 42 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL to be added in connection with Elevator No. 2 will bring the total to 2% miles, using ten miles of rubber belt. All galleries are of steel with concrete floors and roofs and corrugated steel side-covering. MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES. A reinforced concrete building is provided for a grain dryer and its boiler plant, and there is a similar structure for the transformers and switchboard. EQUIPMENT. Receiving from Cars.-There are four receiving tracks, 24 track hoppers, and 12 receiving legs. Each leg is fed from two hoppers, one on either side, interlocking valves being used so that it is impossible for grain to reach the leg from more than one hopper at a time. Track hoppers are of large size, and a pair of power shovels is provided at each. Thus the unloading of a car on one side of the leg is independent of that On the opposite side, and unloading from both cars may pro- ceed simultaneously, as the legs are of sufficient capacity (12,000 bushels per hour each) to quickly elevate the contents of either hopper as soon as the elevation of the contents of the other has been completed. The elevator will receive 240 cars in ten hours with the ordinary complement of men, and with extra men can better this in emergencies. Cars are handled by heavy car-pullers using 34-in. wire cable. Each receiving elevator discharges to a 2,500-bushel garner over a 120,000-lb. Fairbanks Hopper Scale, whence the Carload is sent by spouts, or belt conveyors and spouts, to the desired bin. Receiving from Boats.-The marine tower is equipped with two marine legs, each of 20,000 bushels’ hourly capacity on the dip. One leg operates on each side of the tower, so that two boats may be unloaded simultaneously. The grain from the legs is weighed by two pairs of 6,000-lb. Fairbanks Continuous Automatic Weighing Machines. Complete ship shovel and THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 43 clean-up shovel apparatus, operated by air, and the best of equipment for raising and lowering the legs and adjusting them horizontally to the position of the boats, is provided. The marine legs are of steel, 115 ft. long between centers of pulleys, and are the longest marine legs ever constructed. Two 40-in. belt conveyors carry the grain to the elevator, where two lofter legs elevate it to the cupola. There a system of 40-in. belt conveyors distributes it to the double-jointed spouts leading to the bins. The maximum hourly capacity for receiving from boats will be 40,000 bushels. Distributing.—Two reversible longitudinal conveyors in the cupola receive from the scales and distribute grain longitudi- nally of the elevator. Cleaning.—While Montreal is not a cleaning point, two large steel cleaning machines are provided for emergency clean- ing and separating. Shipping to Cars.--Four carloading spouts are provided so that cars may be loaded if desired. This sometimes becomes necessary in order to get grain to a winter port farther east after the port of Montreal has been closed. ** SHIPPING TO OCEAN WESSELS. In connection with Elevator No. 1, the shipping conveyors serve fourteen vessel berths on King Edward, Alexandra and Jacques Cartier Piers and the neighboring shore wharves. Five berths are being added on the new Victoria Pier. - The side shipping gallery of Elevator No. 2 contains six shipping conveyors. Two will extend north to serve the Vic- toria Pier, and four will run South to connect with the con- veyors to the present fourteen berths. It will be possible for either elevator to ship to any of the nineteen berths. The shipping system of Elevator No. 2 will be served by five shipping legs, each with a capacity of 16,000 bushels per hour. The total shipping capacity of Elevator No. 2, starting with the shipping bins full, will be 90,000 bushels hourly for ten hours. { 44 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Grain for shipment by boat is weighed through five pairs of 5,000-lb. Fairbanks’ Automatic Weighing Machines, each pro- vided with automatic registers, printing devices and electrical counters in the weighman’s office. As shipping to boats and re- ceiving from boats are continuous operations, automatic scales are used for this work; but as it is necessary in receiving from cars to keep each car weight separate, hopper scales are em- ployed for car receipts. DRYING SYSTEM. A Hess Drying Plant with a capacity of 5,000 bushels per day is included in the equipment. This has a separate leg so that interference with the main receiving and shipping legs is avoided. * BOWER. All power is supplied by electric motors of the induction type. In the elevator, marine tower and the new shipping gal- Jeries, the motors number eighty, the total being 4,680 horse- power. An ingenious and efficient system of electric signals con- trols the operation of elevator legs and shipping conveyors. When the extent of the shipping system is remembered, and the interconnection of the two elevators, it will be seen that the signal system, particularly for shipping, must be instantaneous and sure. Its design was accomplished with credit. THE SYSTEM AS IT NOW IS. The Harbour Commissioners’ grain storage and shipping system will now consist of the following: Two grain elevators, with two marine legs each and a con- veyor system by which grain can be delivered from either eleva- tor to any of nineteen steamer berths. Everything is of fire- proof construction and all machinery is electrically driven. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 45 -* w There is a storage capacity of 3,620,000 bushels and contem- plated extensions for 3,790,000 bushels more; total, 7,410,000 bushels. Grain may be received from cars at a rate of 33,000 bushels per hour and at the same time from boats at a rate of 55,000 bushels per hour. - Grain can be shipped by the conveyor system to ocean steamers at their regular berths at a rate of 150,000 bushels (equal to 4,500 tons) per hour. It is possible to deliver grain to five steamers at the same time at a rate of 30,000 bushels Showing the New Engine House erected at Section No. 42. per hour to each, or it is possible to deliver to ten steamers at the rate of 15,000 bushels per hour to each at the same time. The present conveyor system comprises two miles of con- veyor galleries and over eight miles of rubber belting. In addition to this there is under construction another half mile of gallery with two miles of rubber belting. The constructing engineers for the Montreal Harbour Commissioners were the John S. Metcalf Co., Limited, Mont- 46 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL real, under Mr. F. W. Cowie, the Commissioners chief engineer. This company were also the designers of the conveyor system in connection with Elevator No. 1. It is easy to say that this building or that building is the best ever built, and this elevator or that elevator can handle more grain than any other; the Harbour Commissioners respon- sible for the new work, Messrs. Stephens, Ballantyne and Geof- frion, with Mr. David Seath, secretary, are content to let the elevator and accessories speak for themselves. THE IMPROVEMENT AND EXTENSION OF TEIE HARBOUR RAILWAY TRACECS. The Harbour front of Montreal, which had been developed in the past with a view to usefulness only during the season of open navigation, is, owing to its situation, too valuable to be closed during the five months of winter season. I'or the carrying out of the instructions of the Commis- Sioners, to make the port of Montreal the best possible terminal connection between the Transcontinental Railway Systems of Canada and the North Atlantic Steamships, the shore area of the Harbour has been designed as a convenient railway terminal. The railway tracks being operated directly by the Harbour Commissioners, such supervision can be made of traffic as to permit of extensive shunting and to give convenient access for railway freight to all points on the wharves at all hours, day or night. The Grand Trunk and the Intercolonial railways connect with the Harbour front at its extreme upper or westerly end. The Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern railways reach the Harbour towards the lower or eastern end. The large Harbour transit sheds, otherwise idle during the winter, are very well adapted for the handling and delivery of steamship freight by rail from winter ports. The Harbour Extension Plan of 1909 called, therefore, for such improvements as would make this valuable water front available for use during the winter. So far advanced is the work that both the Canadian Pacific, Grand Trunk, Inter- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 47 colonial and Canadian Northern Quebec Railway Companies are now handling a large share of their winter steamship and local freight from the Harbour sheds. The success of the traffic already justifies the expenditure, and the Harbour front is now a busy point during the winter for the transfer of railway cars between railways and for the delivery and receipt of city local freight. Prom the Victoria Pier eastward there are now no danger- ous level crossings. Along this distance the tracks have been raised from the low water level, always flooded during winter, to high level, access being given between the wharves and the city by eleven subways at the principal points. With the in- crease of the shunting and railway traffic these subways are of inestimable advantage both with regard to the safety of life and property and also for the convenience of traffic. In view of the success of these high level tracks and the increase of traffic, large additions have already been required, and instead of two single lines between Victoria Pier and Molsons Creek, there are now additional lines with three ramps leading to the low level, and instead of eight subways, as origi- nally designed, eleven have been constructed. In 1912 improvements and additions were made as follows: A railway grain yard was constructed to high level, between Elevator No. 2 and Beaudry street. This grain yard is carried over the subways on steel bridges. There are eight tracks and the yard has a capacity for a large number of grain cars as required for the operation of Elevator No. 2. NEW WICTORIA PIER AND MARIKET BASIN. In the Scheme of Harbour Extensions of 1909 every con- sideration was given not only to the enlargement of steamship accommodation but also to give additional and convenient accommodation to the important fleet of river and ferry steamers. It was recognized that the river steamers, which do a tre- mendous passenger and market traffic, should have a location 48 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL in the Harbour convenient to the centre of the City and to the Bonsecours Market. The construction of this large pier in the very centre of the congested Harbour district is one of the most serious mat- ters occupying the attention of the Engineering Department. Every effort is made to advance the work without undue cost and also not to interrupt the immense traffic which is carried on during the Seven months of the navigation season. The pier has been designed so that the upper and outer portions are to be devoted to steamship traffic and with a view to steamer trains for the immediate transfer of passengers be- tween the steamships and railways. Permanence of construc- tion and the ample dimensions of the berths, having a depth of 35 feet at low water, are the features of design for the steam- ship portion of the work. The Market Basin is designed for the safety and conven- ience of the large passenger and vehicle traffic between the City and the river vessels. Three large and easy ramps lead from the City direct to the low level wharves, giving roadways and sidewalks which pass underneath and free from railway traffic. The new wharves being built for river craft are built for con- venience of the steamer low gangways, at low water level, and they are built of the same general character for permanence as those of the high level. Slips, frequent and wide, have been designed to meet the requirements of the local steamers. In the construction of these quay walls several new fea- tures have been employed. The cribwork substructure is built with double face timbers and very great additional strength. The concrete wall of the superstructure is also built of additional strength, with new designs for the mooring of vessels. For the first time, a new arrangement has been designed and successfully carried out in connection with the construction of the lower part of these concrete quay walls. Mass concrete deposited in water has always proved difficult of perfect con- struction, and when the face is imperfect in the vicinity of the low water, where the November frosts attack it, the wall, in THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 49 a few years, becomes eaten away and undermined. Footing blocks of concrete moulded in air have been used for some years. They are quite successful as regards giving a permanent concrete face in the vicinity of low water which is not attacked . by frost. The blocks, however, do not fit themselves to the top of the wooden Canadian cribs in such a way as to give the degree of stability or such uniform bearing surface as con- sidered necessary where the heavy concrete retaining wall is founded on timber substructure. e Reinforced concrete shells of an absolutely new design were tried in 1911 and 1912 and proved fully successful. These shells are 6 inches thick, fully reinforced with steel rods, and the surface, glazed and hardened, are made to fit the top of the Cribwork. They are in sections about 20 ft. long and the full width of the bottom of the concrete wall. A derrick lifts them from a scow and places them accurately in position, and when the interior is filled with concrete from the mixer it forms four feet of solid wall above the top timbers and gives a perfectly stable foundation for the wall with even bearing surface So as not to unduly fatigue any parts of the timber. When the top of the shell is reached the wall is above water and the wall is built as a direct wall in air with a perfect face. * It has been found that vertical quay walls are much more convenient for present day ships than walls having an angle, and the quay walls are now designed vertical. This requires careful design for stability, but when completed it obviates much of the danger of either the ship or the crib being damaged under water, as is the case in walls having a batter. SHED NO. 16. The quay wall for the first berth having been completed, the first shed on Victoria Pier, No. 16, was commenced on September 16th, 1911. This shed is 484 ft. long and 100 ft. wide. 50 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The concrete pier foundations rest on reinforced concrete piles, of the Simplex moulded system. A steel shell was driven to a penetration of 40 ft. and the reinforced moulded pile was lowered on to the iron cap driven by the core and left at the bottom. The interior was filled with grout and kept full as the shell was withdrawn. This gave a moulded reinforced con- Crete pile having a penetration of 38 ft. and well grouted all around for additional friction bearing power. The average length of these piles for shed 16 was 35 ft. Between the shore side of the shed and the quay wall a railway track has been laid and the surface paved with concrete. The water service and sewage system have been extended so as to include the part of the New Victoria Pier occupied by shed 16. This shed was opened for traffic in August and used con- tinuously to the close of the season. DRY DOCIC. For many years a Dry Dock had been advocated for the Port of Montreal. Many proposals had been made and various Schemes designed and the successful dedication of the large Floating Dock “Duke of Connaught ° on November 18th marks a very important epoch in the annals of Montreal Harbour. The protected basin and site for the Floating Dock have been prepared by the Harbour Commissioners. The Floating Dock is owned and operated in connection with the shipyard and repair plant being constructed by Messrs. the Canadian Wickers, Limited. The site is completely on Harbour property; no roadways or railway lines will be cut and navigation is not in the least disturbed. The dock and shipyard will be located conveniently to Some of the newest and most extensive industrial organiza- tions in Montreal, notably,–the new works of the Canadian Steel Foundries, Limited, Montreal Locomotive Works, Struc- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 51 tural Steel Works, National Bridge Co., The Shell Co. of Canada, and the Canada Cement Co. The following description of the dock, as prepared by the Canadian Vickers, Limited, gives full information regarding this important structure:— This Dock, one of the largest yet built, reached Mont- real, after an exciting voyage across the ocean, on the 2nd November. It is now safely moored in the basin pre- pared by the Commissioners at Maisonnneuve. It is capable Construction Work.-Completion of Basin Walls in Protected Basin. Floating Dock Site. Showing made land area for shipyard. of docking the largest existing vessel in the British Navy. It is of the double-sided self-docking type, on the principle known as the “bolted sectional”. It consists of a pontoon or lifting portion of the dock, and two parallel side walls, built on to and forming part of the same, and the whole length is divided into three complete and separate sections, which, when bolted together, form the complete dock. These sections are so arranged that when the dock is separated into its three parts, any two of them can dock the remaining third between them. For this purpose each section is fitted with its own indepen- 52 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL dent pumping machinery, so that it can also act as an indepen- dent unit. The general dimensions of the dock are as follows:– Ft. In. Length over platforms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 0 Length over pontoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 6 Width over all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 0 Depth of pontoon at Centre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 0 Length of Side Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 6 Height of Side walls above pontoon deck. . . . . . . 42 0 Width of Side Wall at base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 6 Width of Side wall at top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6 Clear width between roller fenders. . . . . . . . . . . . 100 0 Draught of Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6 Lifting capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,000 tons The construction of the dock is such as to make it suitable for iifting a modern British battleship, the pontoon deck being specially stiffened to allow it to support a large portion of the weight of the vessel on side or bilge, as well as central, keels. The pontoon consists of a rectangular structure plated in all round with the exception of the portion of the deck which comes directly under the walls, and stiffened internally by longi- tudinal and transverse girders. It is divided into three Sections by joint chambers. The two end sections have their outer extremities built in the form of a point or bow terminating in a working platform carried on plate and braced girders. The bottom plating, except under the walls, is arranged to run trans- versely, and is connected to the plating of the sides and points by chine angles; the top or deck plating, similarly arranged, is connected to the face of the side wall by chine angles. The pontoon is divided into four compartments by three longitudinal intercostal water-tight plate-bulkheads. Transversely the pon- ioon is divided into 54 bays, 20 in the central section and 17 in each end section, by transverse girders, consisting of plate- bulkheads. In the compartments under the walls the plate- girders are replaced by special lattice-girders. In addition to the bulkheads, the deck and bottom platings are stiffened by means of a series of longitudinal frames which run fore and aft over the length of the pontoon, intercostal THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 53 between the transverse girders. In addition to the transverse lattice-girder under the wall, intermediate transverse ordinary frames are fitted 2 ft. 6 in apart, and are prolonged upwards, forming the ordinary frames of the walls. The central bulk- head between the transverse girders is stiffened by vertical “breathing ” plates, which are well stiffened and connected to a longitudinal curtain-plate. Outside this framing of breathing plates and longitudinal curtain-plate, the pontoon deck and bot- tom are stiffened by longitudinal framings consisting of angles, Floating Dock “Duke of Connaught” arrived at Montreal after a voyage 1asting 64 days in tow of tugs Roodezee and Zwartezie, November 2nd, 1912. connected to the transverse bulkhead stiffeners by gussets and diagonals. These framings extend to the line of the face of the wall. In the centre section several of these frames are pro- vided with plates riveted to them, to take the load from the side keel-blocks. The intermediate longitudinal bulk heads are formed of vertical plates, intercostal between the transverse girders, to which they are attached, as they are also to the top and bottom plating. To facilitate the complete withdrawal of 54 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL all water in the pontoon, shallow troughs are fitted, which form a gutter. The walls of the dock are plated horizontally and have a batter on the face or inside wall. The top deck of the walls is plated longitudinally, and is connected to the side plating by double-chine angles. An engine-deck, Om which is placed all the machinery of the dock, is fitted about 16 ft. below the top deck, and is arranged water-tight. Each wall is divided, in addition to the joint chambers, into ten water-tight divisions by plate bulkheads, coming in line with the bulkheads in the pon- toon, of which they are a continuation. At each end of the wall a docking land is formed, on which the central portion can rest when being self-docked. The framing of the walls is of two types, braced and ordinary. In line with the transverse girders of the pontoons, of which they form a continuation, the frames consist of single angles stiffened by vertical web-plates, the front and back frames being cross-connected by a series of diagonals and gussets. The Ordinary frames of the walls con- sist of single angles back and front, cross-connected by a series of horizontal struts. Special stiffening is fitted in way of the machinery. About 1 ft. below the top deck a running deck is provided for enabling ropes to be easily handled and run from one end of the dock to the other outside the stanchions. Timber- heads and such fittings required in berthing vessels are fitted on this deck. At a distance of about 15 ft. and 29 ft. respec- tively below the running deck, two further stages, known respec- tively as painting and shoring stages, are provided. Each end of the central section and each square end of the terminal Sections is provided with a joint chamber, by means of which the Sections can be joined together or parted. For the purpose of dealing with commercial vessels, which ordinarily will not have the weight or dimensions of the Dreadnoughts, the dock has been designed so that it can work when required in two independent units of unequal size, and to facilitate the rapid connection of the two portions, cast-steel rocking joints, in the form of knuckles, are fitted at the level of the keel- blocks. The pumping installation of the dock is driven by THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 55 steam generated in boilers carried on the dock itself. Each sec- tion of the dock has its own complete pumping installation, and each installation consists of two boilers and two engines and pumps installed in specially constructed chambers on one of the walls. The pumps, which are of the centrifugal type, 17 in. in diameter, are seated on a main drain at the bottom of the dock, which is continued over practically the whole length of each section. From the main-drain compartment pipes are led to each separate water-tight division of the dock. Each com- partment is governed by its own separate valve, and the main Floating Ship Dock, “Duke of Connaught.” inlet pipe and pump discharge pipe are governed by separate screw-down valves, and in addition have each a non-return flap-valve on the outside. The compartment valves of each section of the dock are all operated from a valve-house placed on the top deck of each section, by means of the Westinghouse electro-pneumatic system, which is based on the principle of operating presses by compressed air and controlling the same from a distance by means of valves operated by an electro- magnet. Each valve-house is in telephonic communication with its respective engine-room and also with the others when the dock is working as a single unit. 56 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Each section of the dock is also provided with a direct- acting steam-pump, arranged to draw from the sea, and capable of providing a full stream of water for fire service or washing down vessels. These pumps are also connected to the main drain, so that they may be used as a drainage service for Com- pletely emptying the compartments. Two similar steam-pumps are also fitted on the opposite wall of the dock. Steam heating is provided to prevent water in the compart- ments from freezing, and also for the mechanism that could be affected by frost. Each water-tight compartment is provided with the Gardner and Ferguson indicating system, to show, in the valve-house, thé level of the water inside it. Similar gear is also provided for indicating the draught of water over the keel-blocks. The dock is provided with eight steam cap- stans, four on each wall. The spindles of the capstans are car- ried down vertically to the level of the pontoon deck, where, in a small chamber in the wall at this level, cable-lifters are fitted, so that the mooring cables may be hauled in or paid out when the dock is being moved about. T)onkey boilers are provided on the wall remote from that in which the main boilers are fitted, to provide steam for the capstans and fire-pumps fitted on that wall. On the top deck of this wall a 3-ton electric travelling gantry crane is fitted and arranged to traverse the whole length of the wall. At both ends of the combined dock a pair of flying gangways or Swinging bridges are fitted, affording access from One wall to the other. The dock will be lighted throughout the machinery com- partments by means of electric lamps. The outside lighting consists of bracket standards, each supporting a cluster of lamps. Box terminals are also fitted on the walls, from which lamp clusters can be taken by flexible leads for lighting any particular portion of the ship on the dock. Electric current will be supplied through cables from the shore. The dock is provided with the usual bollards and timber heads. Roller fenders are also fitted to protect the walls of the dock from an entering steamer. Eight mechanical side shores, four on each wall, are provided. These can be screwed in or THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 57 out by a standard fitted on the top deck. Keel-blocks, side or docking keel-blocks, and bilge-blocks are provided; the latter are arranged to be pulled in or out to suit the shape of the ship when she has taken the keel-blocks. The keel-blocks are strongly made and closely spaced, to enable them to take the weight of the heaviest and most modern ironclads. Ladders are fitted leading from the upper deck of the dock to the pontoon-deck, and also into the various compartments of the dock. Suitable hand-rails are fitted all round the top deck. Harbour Commissioners’ Tug “Sir Hugh Allan,” the first vessel to be docked in the “Duke of Connaught” Floating Dock, Dec. 5th, 1912. Ventilation by means of cowls and downcast pipes is ar- ranged to each boiler and engine-room, and also to the interior of the walls. A valve-house large enough to contain the valve- control table and the recording instruments is fitted on the top deck of each of the three sections; each valve-house contains the apparatus necessary for controlling the valves of its own par- ticular section. 58 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL SHEDS ON TEIE TAIRTE PIER. Two single storey permanent freight sheds on the Tarte Pier were commenced in July, 1911. The contract was awarded to Mr. E. G. M. Cape, General Contractor. The two sheds have a floor area of 32,000 sq. ft. The foundations, floors and columns are of concrete. The roof is so designed that if in the future the business requirements require it, an additional storey may be constructed. These two sheds were completed and handed over to the steam- ship companies in July, 1912. The second set of two sheds on the lower side of the Tarte Pier were commenced during the summer and are expected to be completed for the opening of navigation, 1913. NEW PLANT. The Commissioners’ construction and operation plant, con- sisting of dredges, derricks, tugs, scows, drill boats, concrete mixers, locomotive cranes, floating cranes, electric hoists and general equipment, is known as one of the most extensive and up-to-date in the country. During the season 1912, important additions and improve- ments have been made to this plani. DREDGE NO. 6. A powerful spoon dredge was completed and put to work on the 6th September, 1912. This vessel was designed and equipped in the Harbour Com- ‘missioners’ shops, the hull and boiler, boom, electric lighting plant and pumps being the only portions built by contract. The dimensions of the vessel are:— Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 ft. Breadth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 ft. Depth of hold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ft. The engines are horizontal, non-condensing, the two main engines having cylinders 16 in. x 18 in., the maximum pull on the dredge’s cable being 180,000 lbs. The dredge has a 7-yd. bucket and is capable of dredging to 50 ft. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 59 The vessel commenced working immediately after comple- tion at the Shops, on 6th September, and has worked con- tinuously, day and night, working to 50 ft. depth in hard material until the close of the season without interruption. FLOATING DERRICK No. 7. This necessary addition to the plant has been under con- struction during the summer and will be completed before commencing next spring. The hull is of wood and was built Showing one of the Concrete Sheds (No. 2) on the Tarte Pier. at the Commissioners Shipyard, and all the machinery has been designed and is being built at the Commissioners Shops, the boiler and boom by contract. The dimensions of the hull are as follows:– Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 ft Breadth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ft. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ft. 8 in. Length of boom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 ft. Engines horizontal 12” x 14", capable of lifting 18 tons. This floating derrick is, therefore, larger, more convenient and up-to-date than any of the Commissioners other derricks. 60 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL LIGHT DRAUGHT TUG FOR TOWING TIMBER. Owing to the extension of the Harbour limits and the large amount of timber towing required, a small tug has been recently completed and launched at the Harbour Shipyard. The hull is of wood, mostly oak, of the following dimen- sions:— Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ft Breadth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ft Depth of hold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ft. Draught . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ft. 6 in. A vertical, non-condensing, second-hand engine was placed in this tug and a vertical boiler built in the Commissioners Shop. It is proposed to call this tug the “Passe-Partout”. SCOWS. Two large, much required, strongly built, wooden flat scows were built and launched during the season, of the following dimensions:— Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 ft. Breadth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ft. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ft. Another flat scow was authorized and is now nearly com- pleted. FLOATING COMPRESSED AIR PLANT. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining a regular supply of crib carpenters and labourers, a floating compressed air plant was assembled and placed on the hull of one of the old floating elevators, which had been condemned as an elevator. The hull and boiler were suitable, and a steam driven compressor, 10 in. x 10 in. x 12 in., capable of furnishing compressed air for four boring machines or spikers, was installed. This machine was put to work and proved very successful, both in point of economy and rapidity of work, for crib construction and other construc- tion and repair work, where compressed air can be used to advantage. For the land work and delivery of material, one new loco- motive crane was purchased and a small construction locomotive with 10 side-dump cars, second-hand, were required during the THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 61 season. Nine second-hand standard flat cars were also purchased to assist in the increasing requirements for handling of freight between different points on the wharves. DREDGING. The dredging and construction plant owned and operated by the Commissioners includes five large and powerful dredges, two drill boats, five floating derricks, ten tugs, two floating concrete mixers, one floating pile-driver and a complete outfit of scows. In addition to this, there is a 100-ft. boom travelling land derrick and four powerful locomotive cranes, a construc- tion engine, ten dump cars and 25 flat railway cars. For the general work there are concrete mixers, a road roller and a com- plete outfit of street maintenance tools. During the season a total of 1,731,678 cubic yards of ma- terial was dredged, a total of 26,783 cubic yards of concrete were constructed by the departmental force of the Commis- sioners, a total of 2,186,149 cubic feet of Cribwork con- structed, and 774,850 cubic yards of material were placed in the embankments and reclaimed land areas by derricks. GENERAL. The maximum number of men engaged, not including contract work or the special force engaged at Elevator No. 2, was 1,339. The important items of material were all purchased by public tender, including 9,500,000 ft. B.M. of timber, 35,500 tons of broken stone, 25,000 tons of unbroken stone, 33,000 cubic yards of sand and gravel, 95,000 bbls. of cement, 315 tons of steel and iron castings, 735 tons steel and iron bars, 15,000 tons steam coal, 725 tons rails and fastenings and 350 tons wharf spikes and nails. |MAINTENANCE AND OPIERATION. In addition to the construction work in connection with the Harbour extensions and improvements, the maintenance and operation of the Harbour property and utilities was a very important branch of the Engineering Department. 62 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The operation of the Harbour Commissioners’ Railway Terminals is managed by the Superintendent of Terminals, Mr. J. Vaughan; the operation of the elevators, floating elevators, floating crane and other utilities are all managed directly by the Engineering Department. . Elevator No. 1, constructed in 1902-03, did more grain business in 1912 than any previous year since operation com- menced. The total number of bushels elevated at Elevator No. 1, in 1912, amounts to 16,180,000 bushels, exceeding last year's amount by 2,330,000 bushels. - - This grain was received from 628 cars and 440 vessels. It was delivered: By conveyors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,135,000 bushels By cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vs e s e s e 80,000 By teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,000 In bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,000 Elevator No. 2 Commenced partial operations in August, 1912. During the season 2,278,500 bushels was handled in this house. The Harbour Commissioners fleet of floating elevators were operated as usual throughout the season, five to six vessels being operated, as required by trade. Grain was transferred from 488 vessels to the amount of 7,035,000 bushels. At the close of the season nearly 2,000,000 bushels remained in store in the elevators. - The Commissioners 75-ton floating crane also had a busy Season, although not quite up to the previous year. The electric freight hoists were very successful, as a very large amount of freight was handled this year from the second storeys of the sheds. - As usual, the maintenance of the wharves and cleaning occupied a special staff under a road foreman. Owing to the very wet season, this service was very difficult, but every effort was made to keep the wharves up to their standard of cleanli- IleSS. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 63 The fire tug “ St. Peter’ was maintained throughout the season, and as usual did good service, although fortunately not required for any serious fire in the port. The season of navigation opened on the 2nd May, when the SS. “Zieten”, Capt. L. Franck, arrived in port. The last ocean departure of the season took place on December 3rd, when SS. “Bray Head”, of the Head Line, sailed. H. R. H. Duke of Connaught and party on a tour of inspection of the Haubour, May 1oth, 1912. THE BANK OF TORONTO INCORPORATED 1855 Capital Authorized U. tº $ 10,000,000 Capital Paid-Up - . * { 5,000,000 Reserved Funds - º tº 6,000,000 Assets - tº E. 55,000,000 Head Office, tº tº a [ _ TORONTO, Can. DUNCAN COULSON, President. THOS. F. HOW, Gen. Man. S T E R L IN G E X C H A N G E . This Bank has exceptional facilities for the handling of documentary grain and produce exchange drawn on Great Britain and the Continent. LETTERS OF CREDIT issued available in all parts of the world. COLLECTIONS made on all points in Canada and the United States on the most favourable terms and remitted for promptly. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT.-Deposits received and interest paid at highest rates. - - M O N T R E A L MA IN OF FIC E COR. ST. JAMES AND McGILL STREETS H. B. HENWOOD, Manager. C IT Y. A N D S UB U R B A N B R A N C HES Board of Trade Building, G. J. Cuthbertson, Manager, Guy and St. Catherine Sts., E. H. Fuller, Manager, Maisonneuve, W. B. McCririck, Manager, St. Lawrence Blvd., C. L. Parkinson, Manager, Atwater and St. Antoine Sts., A. W. Walsh, Manager, St. Lambert, J. G. Terrill, Sub-Manager, Point St. Charles. The New Zealand Shipping Co., Limited EASTERN CANADIAN LINE | Monthly sailings from Montreal during Summer Season, and from West St. John, N.B., during Winter. \º Lzº First-Class steamers calling at Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Dunedin (Port Chalmers), New Zealand. - [sº [gº Head Offices: London, Eng. Christchurch, N.Z. Montreal Office, - 213 Board of Trade •º The Shipping Business [5] D] - HE feature of the navi- gation season of 1912 - has been the increase in the 6S passenger traffic and the } enchanced rates for freight, ſº consequent on the present Éſ. =} dearth of tonnage through- É $9 out the world. The pas- ſº º-º* Eº:*º#- º:z-º§i É >c... "º ººw*º-* º::| :º i# .**g |; |-i -.; º->-i E-3 º # ÉA senger traffic increased tº: # eastward as well as west- Sºlº: ==== ... • . ) # E. bound, but the latter in- # crease constitutes a record for the port of Montreal, ===-----'. and is only approached by S. S-Essº the returns for the year 1907. Another feature of naviga- tion, and one that is likely to be more and more accentuated as time goes on, is the increasing size and tonnage of steamers. Not only have passenger liners increased but the tonnage of colliers is also greatly in excess of the tonnage of former years, the Dominion Coal Company especially having invested in newsteamers with a carrying capacity of from 11,000 to 12,000 tons. The necessity for the deepening and widening of the ship channels, work upon which dredges have been engaged daily throughout the season, is made mani- fest by this increase in the size and tonnage of steamers. - Important changes have taken place both in the port itself and in the personnel of those to whose hands its destinies have been confided. The resignation of the Harbour Commissioners, Messrs. G. W. Stephens, C. C. Ballantyne, and L. E. Geoffrion, is not the only change that has occurred in the management. Early in the season Hon. James McShane resigned the post of Custom House, Montreal. 66 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS harbourmaster, and was succeeded by Captain L. E. Demers, who, till then, had discharged the functions of wreck com- missioner. Captain Demers was succeeded in the wreck com- missioner’s court by Captain H. St. George Lindsay. The most important works that have been completed in the port have been eclipsed by the arrival of the floating dock Duke of Connaught, which was formally opened by the Gov- ernor-General, whose name it bears, last month. Works completed within the harbour included the No. 2 grain elevator opened by the Minister of. Marine and Fisheries, Hon. J. D. Hazen, the new sheds at the Tarte Pier now occupied by the Elder-Dempster Company, the Head line, New Zealand Ship- ping Company, and Furness, Withy & Co. The new shed, No. 16, at the Victoria Pier, has also been completed. - The past Season has been a record one with regard to customs receipts, increases being shown each month over the corresponding month of the previous year. The receipts during the seven months of navigation amounted to $15,508,124.53, an increase over the corresponding period of 1911 of $4,333,134, or a shade more than 33 1-3 per cent. The monthly returns for the three years were: 1912. 1911. 1910. May. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,144,476. 16 $1,727,948.58 $1,534,203.57 June. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949,077.80 1,562,173.85 1,559,117. 10 July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,251,657. 54 1,535,684. 61 1,514,967.48 August. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,318,871.76 1,656,863.47 1,642,628.62 September. . . . . . . . . . 2,218,169.68 1,715,915. 11 T,622,632. 29 October. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,348,993. 00 1,689,.682. 89 1,393,656.65 November. . . . . . . . . . 2,276,878. 59 1,750,494.50 1,565,985.96 Total. . . . . . . . . . . $15,508,124. 53 $11,638,763.01 $10,833,191.67 Improvements effected by the Marine and Fisheries Department on the St. Lawrence during the season include the erection of a steel and reinforced concrete lighthouse on St. Helen’s Island at a cost of $23,000. Five new range lights are in course of erection in the St. Sulpice Channel. The piers at Citrouille and at Contrecoeur Traverse have been rebuilt. Double flashlight buoys have been placed on the starboard side of the ship channel coming up the river. THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 67 On the Ottawa River new range-lights have been erected at Way Shoal, on Crab Island, opposite Montebello, at St. Anne de Bellevue, and on the Rigaud River, and the back light has been rebuilt at St. Placide. A new range light has also been erected at Greece’s Point. The principal works on the Richelieu River have been the rebuilding of the light on Ash Island, carried away by the ice last spring, and the rebuilding of the pier at St. Johns, P.Q., which the ice also carried away about the same time. At Sorel, the departmental yards have been kept busy throughout the season, effecting repairs. During the winter the Department will experiment with a new type of buoy made of steel, tubular in shape, and thirty feet long, which, when in position, will show about eight feet above water level. These buoys will be tried out on Lake St. Peter, and, should the tests to be applied prove successful, the buoys will be laid down extensively next spring. The Department claims that the floating ship dock, Duke of Connaught, having been towed safely up the ship channel demonstrates the truth of their contention that the channel is the safest of any river in the world. It is lighted from end to end as a main street might be, and the fact that the “Shamrock ’’ has made two trips every week throughout the season is another factor that makes for the safety of vessels using the channel. The Signal Service report that owing to the large increase of tonnage running between Montreal and the Great Lakes it will be necessary next year to establish reporting stations at various points on the canal system and Great Lakes. The signalling system will then cover a distance of over 2,000 miles from within wireless communicating distance of Cape Race to Port Arthur on Lake Superior. Information concerning the movements of vessels bound to and from Halifax and St. John will in future be available at the offices of the signal service in Montreal and Quebec. The usefulness of the telephone service between Montreal and Quebec has been proved during the past Season by the enormous increase in work done, the public having become so accustomed to depend on the signal service 68 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS for information that it has been found necessary to enlarge the offices and staff at Quebec, and the Montreal office will also be enlarged next year. The signal service further reports that the ice conditions were very bad in the early spring. The river above Quebec was not clear till April 29, some four days later than last year. The Gulf and Cabot Strait were packed with heavy ice until about the first week in May. In the Straits of Belle Isle the ice conditions were the worst known for years. The *bergs were particularly large and numerous, and lasted till very late in the season. They were seen as far west as Harrington, and as late as October 10. Though the first vessel to come through the Straits was the “Cairndhu' on June 21, the northern route was not in general use till after July 15, which is several weeks later than during an average season. Events of the season pleasant to contemplate were the entertainment by the Harbour Commissioners of the delegates to the Twelfth International Congress on Navigation, held at Philadelphia, the delegates having previously made a tour of inspection over the inland waterways of the Dominion; and the reciprocity agreement with the British West Indies which will result in direct steamship communication between Canada and the British West Indies next year. A record season is reported from the offices of the Harbour Commissioners. The revenue of the port shows an increase for the past season over that of 1911 of $30,773.18; the figures for the two years being $461,396.43 for 1912, as compared with $430,623.24 during 1911. The total increase has been made up of the following amounts: Wharfage inwards, increase $6,000; wharfage outwards, an increase of $5,500, and a local traffic increase of $19,273.19. There is a small decrease to report in the number of Séa-going vessels that have arrived in port, the number being 26 less than last year, 736 vessels this year instead of 762 for the 1911 season; but there has been an increase in tonnage, that for this year having been 2,403,924 tons as against 2,338,252 for last. THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 69 From a shipowner's point of view the year has been most satisfactory. Passenger traffic, especially westbound, has in- creased by at least ten per cent, the estimate being a conservative one. Freight rates have increased in a manner that is unprecedented for years past, and there has been no trouble this year with the depth of water in the ship channels, as there was last, the mean increased depth, owing in part to exceptionally heavy rainfalls, having been over two feet throughout the season. Labour troubles have caused practically no inconvenience, and minor difficulties that have arisen having speedily been composed. Allan Line R.M.S. “Calgarian”, Quadruple Screws, Turbine Engines, 18, ooo Tons. The navigation season opened as far as this port was con- cerned with the arrival of the Canada liner “Zieten’’ on May 1, four days later than 1911. The “Zieten’’ was commanded by Captain Franck, who was presented with the gold-headed walking cane given by the Harbour Commissioners to the cap- tain of the first vessel to arrive. The actual close of the season, as regards ocean-going vessels, only took place Tuesday, Decem- ber 3, with the departure of the “Bray Head” on the same day of the month as that on which she sailed last year, she being then the last to sail before winter closed in. During the 70 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS seven months and two days during which the season lasted there visited this port 406; ocean-going vessels, the number including successive trips by the various liners. The total number of separate and distinct ships which entered the port was 125. The C. P. R. was represented by 52 arrivals in port during the season from Liverpool and from London and Antwerp. There were also several trips made from Liverpool to Quebec by the “Empress of Britain’’ and “Empress of Ireland”. These ships brought 2,524 first-class passengers, 8,473 second and 35,153 third-class passengers—a total westbound passenger traffic of 46,150. Eastbound passenger traffic was, inclusive of 1,882 first class, 3,528 second class, and 8,274 third-class pas- sengers, a total of 13,684. The eastbound traffic shows a decrease from last year, when the figures were 18,750, but this is more than compensated for by the increase in the westbound passenger traffic, which is almost 6,000, the figures for 1911 having been 40,200. A number of cargo boats were also run from London and Antwerp, all of which brought heavy cargoes, though with other lines running out of London, the C.P.R. Suffered from their ships being tied up in the port of London during the dock strike, which prevailed in that port last summer. The Company's Liverpool fleet to Montreal was represented by the “Lake Manitoba ‘’, “Lake Champlain * and “Montrose ’’; from London and Antwerp, by the “Monte- Zuma ^, “ Mount Royal *, “ Montreal”, “ Montfort’ and “Mount Temple *; and from Bristol, by the “Monmouth * and “Montcalm *. The Company's 52 arrivals in this port included 10 in May, 5 in June when the dock strike was at its height, 7 in July, 8 in August, 7 in September, 8 in October, and 7 in November. - The Allan line season has been a remarkable one in many respects. The year 1907 was probably the greatest year in passenger traffic in the North Atlantic for many previous years. The opening up of the new Transcontinental Railway called for a number of laborers and others, and the Allan line had difficulty in finding transport for passengers coming to Canada. There was a serious declension in this traffic in 1908. Iless THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 71 than one-half the number of passengers of the previous year came forward; but in 1909 there was a recovery, and a still greater recovery in 1910 and 1911, but the present year has been even greater than 1907. For the six months and twenty days of their St. Lawrence season, the Allan line carried by the three services—from Liverpool, from Glasgow, and from London and Havre–64,274 passengers, and on the return voyages of the steamers from Montreal to the same ports they have carried 22,885 passengers, or a total of 87,159. For the same period of 1911 the westward numbers were 61,202, and the eastward numbers 17,873, or a total of 78,095. The increase is, therefore, 8,064 passengers, or about 10 per cent, - Cunard Line T.S.S. “Ascania”. making this the best year in the history of the line. The greatest improvement has taken place on the London-Havre service, where the increase in westbound is 58 per cent. in the cabin and 50 per cent. in the third class. The same service eastbound increase in cabin is 28 per cent, and in the third class 110 per cent. Doubtless this is largely due to the fact that larger steamers were employed on this service during the past season, namely, twin screw steamer “Scotian *, of 10,500 tons, and twin screw steamer “Ionian *, of 8,268 tons, in place of the small steamers “Sardinian * and “ Pomeranian *, which were employed on this service the previous year. Nevertheless, all 72 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS scrvices have done well, and the outlook for the year to come is most encouraging. The two new steamers, “ Alsatian * and “Calgarian *, now building, will add 25 per cent. to the capacity of the fleet, and more than that amount as far as the first cabin accommodation is concerned. It is hoped that one will be ready early in June and the other about the end of August. There were 86 trips made by Allan liners during the past season, 13 in May, 11 in June, 14 in July, 12 in August, 14 in September, 12 in October, and 10 in November. The year has witnessed the retirement from the Montreal directorate of Sir Montagu Allan and of Mr. George Hannah, the local passenger traffic manager. In reviewing business for the past season the Robert Reford Co. state : The Cunard line, Canadian service, inaugurated last year, provided an excellent service during the summer of 1912, sailing from Southampton to Quebec and Montreal west- bound, and from Montreal to London, calling at Plymouth, Castbound, thus giving Canada a connection with the South of England, which has been a long felt want. Notwith- standing a decrease of three sailings during the season, owing to the London dock laborers’ strike, there has been an increase in eastbound passenger business of 48 per cent. in the second cabin and 6 per cent. in the third class, and an increase in the westbound business of 34 per cent. in the second cabin and 56 per cent. in the third class. Next season two fine large new Cunarders, specially built for the trade, with every modern improvement, will be added to the Canadian service, both steamers being over 500 feet in length. The “Andania * is expected to sail from Montreal on June 28th, on her maiden trip, and the “Alaunia’’ on August 23rd. With the advent of these two splendid steamers the passenger sailings from Montreal will be weekly. During the summer season of 1912 there has been a gratifying increase in the number of passengers carried by the Donaldson line, both eastbound and Westbound. The percentage of increase is as follows:— Eastbound, second cabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 per cent. lºa Stbound, third class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 “ & £ Westbound, Second cabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 “ & & Westbound, third class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 “ “ THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 73 Regular weekly sailings to Glasgow have been maintained throughout the season by the large twin screw steamers “Athenia”, “ Cassandra”, “Saturnia’’ and “Letitia’. The “Letitia º arrived at Montreal on her maiden trip on May 14th, and has gained for herself a very high reputation owing to her splendid sea-going qualities and excellent equipment. The freight business showed a marked improvement on former years, with rates on a more remunerative basis. The Cunard and Thomson lines, with their joint London service, ! º: -- --- Donaldson Line T.S.S. “Letitia” had a satisfactory business, carrying large quantities of cheese, meats, apples and other perishable products, thus maintaining their reputation in this regard. The “cool air facilities have been utilized to a very large extent by shippers of cheese and bacon, although the summer season was one of the coolest we have had for many years past. The advent of the two new Cunarders, the SS. “Alaunia’’ and “Andania”, built with a view of supplying this trade with vessels equipped with every modern improvement for the handling and stowage of all classes 74 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS * of freight, including “refrigeration * and “cool air,” will give an unequalled service of fine fast steamers to London next season, which will be mach appreciated by the provision trade. The Thomson line have had their usual East Coast service, running steamers to Leith and Newcastle as required. They added the SS. “Cairndhu ’’ and “Cairngowan * to their already large fleet, and have now another vessel building so as to keep up with the requirements of the trade. The Donaldson line report doing a largely increased freight business over that of previous years. The new steamer “Letitia,” with the “Saturnia,” “Cassandra " and “Athenia,” gave an unin- terrupted weekly service to Glasgow for passengers and freight. The refrigerators on all steamers were taxed to their utmost capacity for meats, fruits, etc., while the ventilated space was imuch appreciated by the apple shippers who patronized the line during the season. The Direct line maintained their usual service from the West Indies throughout the season, giving sailings as required. The conditions regarding exports from Canada are changing every year, demonstrating plainly the fact that Canada will soon have to be reckoned with as a consuming country, using within her own borders much of what she has heretofore exported. To particularize: Live stock exportations have shown a marked falling off, butter and eggs have alto- gether ceased, whilst on the other hand considerable butter and also some shipments of mutton have been imported into the country. Cheese shipments were well maintained, but showed a decrease as compared with 1911, which in turn was less than 1910. Lumber shipments also show a decrease, manufacturers and millers sawing largely for the U. S. market. Steamers consigned to the Robert Reford Company, Limited, during the past season, were as under: Thompson line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Donaldson line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - 30 Cunard line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Crown line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Outside Steamers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 75 The White Star line report that in spite of the fact that they had one less sailing this year than last, the first sailing scheduled to the St. Lawrence having been diverted to Port- land owing to the late spring, their first class traffic was on a parity with last year, while their second and third class passenger traffic returns showed increases of about 10 per cent. Immigration from Great Britain by the White Star line this year was not so numerous as last year, but there was no material lessening in the volume of business handled, all the ships having capacity lists and the only effect of the decreased demand was that less business had to be refused because of lack of accommodation. White Star Liner “Laurentic”. The Canada line from Hamburg, Bremen and Rotterdam report an increased number of sailings during the past year, and an increase in the volume of passenger business of about 15 per cent. The Dominion line from Bristol and Liverpool Ieport large increases in freights and freight rates from both these ports. There were 29 arrivals of White Star liners, 22 of Dominion liners, and 19 of Canada liners during the season. The Canadian Northern Royal line have also had increased returns of passenger traffic to report, though the stranding of the “Royal George’ on the Isle of Orleans on her last trip to the 76 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS St. Lawrence for the season was an unfortunate setback for the line. The “Royal Edward ” and “Royal George’ between them made 13 trips to this port during 1912. RiessTs. Furness, Withy & Co., who represent the Man- chester line as well as their own steamers, report a very success- ful season, both imports and exports between Montreal and Manchester having greatly increased. The Manchester line steamers made 30 voyages during the season, representing the employment of a net tonnage of 83,927 tons. A weekly Service between the two ports was maintained. The success of this line proves that Manchester, being in the centre of 7,500,000 people, forms one of the best distributing centres in the world. Provision shipments were well maintained, deals and timber shipments considerably increased. The firm also ran a direct service from Fowey to Three Rivers and Mont- real, the vessels employed carrying full cargoes of china clay. The service will be continued next season. They also inau- gurated a new direct service from Montreal to Hull, which was successful, and will be continued next season. Furness, Withy & Co. also loaded three full cargoes of grain for Medi- terranean and other ports. The Elder-Dempster Company report a vastly increased trade with South Africa, full cargoes having been carried by larger vessels than they have ever employed on this route before, both belonging to their own company and chartered from others. The Mexican service has also been well main- tained at the high level of success io which it has been brought during previous years, a monthly service to Mexican ports, as well as to South Africa, having been carried on. In addition to its regular line services the company has chartered other vessels which have brought here four cargoes of sulphur, four of pitch pine and three of sugar. The total number of Elder-Dempster liners arriving in port during the past season has been 18. The New Zealand Company have maintained their monthly Service between Montreal and New Zealand and Australian ports, and although they have employed more tonnage than ever before, including the large steamer “Matatua", which has THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 77 been put on the St. Lawrence route for the first time this year, yet they have been unable to carry all the cargo offering, so greatly has their business increased. Imports have consisted chiefly of wire, paper and Canadian built automobiles, for which the demand in Australia and New Zealand exceeds the Supply. The Head line have to record 20 arrivals in port for the season, most of the liners coming from the Irish ports, Dublin and Belfast, though some sailed from Glasgow and others from Maryport. The principal exports by this line have been grain, flour and timber, while a feature of the import trade this year has been the number of consignments of pig iron for which there appears to be an increasing demand locally. The Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company have had an excellent year with their passenger steamers, but the most important development with regard to this company has been its action in forming a combination, in which several of the lake lines, including the Inland Lines, Limited, have been merged. The combine has been capitalized at £2,000,000, one- sixth of the stock being taken up by Furness, Withy & Co. The object of the combination is one that seems likely to have an important effect on the progress of the port, for the aim of the new combine is to keep the transportation of grain from the West along a Canadian route, with Montreal as the terminal, instead of allowing so much of the Western grain traffic to be diverted to American routes with American ports on the Atlan- tic Seaboard as their terminals. - The Sincennes-McNaughton Company, which has a virtual monopoly of the tug business in the harbour, report a most prosperous year. Two new tugs have been built for the com- pany’s fleet at Sorel, and the only drawback that has been experienced is the delay in the delivery of the Glasgow built * Aurelie G.”, which should have been here last May, but owing first to labour troubles on the other side and then to adverse weather conditions has been detained until the spring. The Dominion Coal Company report an exceptionally good year, having employed a fleet of 28 colliers at the height 78 - THE SHIPPING BUSINESS of the season to this port, and an average of from 16 to 17. vessels at the slackest times. They have placed two large new colliers on the river, the Bridgeport and the Glace Bay, each with a carrying capacity of about 11,500 tons. The increase in the quantity of the coal handled by the company has been from 75,000 to 100,000 tons. The Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company have also had a share in the general prosperity, a ſleet of 14 steamers having been employed throughout the season in carrying coal and ore to the St. Lawrence ports. The increase in the quantity of Coal carried is, at a moderate estimate, quite 25,000 tons. The past season has been a long and busy one for the Lachine Canal, opening April 29 and closing December 5. During the whole of that period the canal and the offices in which its management is centred have been open day and night, Sundays and holidays included. A feature of the season’s traffic has been the enormous increase in the quantity of wheat passing through the canal. Increases have, with only one or two minor exceptions, to be recorded in other lines of merchandise, as has been the case every year since 1903, when the free toll system was inaugurated. As an instance of the wonderful progress that has been made of late years, it may be mentioned that the quan- tity of wheat passing through has increased from rather more than two and a half million bushels in 1890 to over twenty-four and a quarter millions during the season just ended, and oats have increased from 200,896 bushels to 9,671,815 bushels. The following are the official statistics of the canal for imports passing through during the past season to Montreal, compared with those of the preceding year: 1912. 1911. Wheat (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,345,435 18,220,411 Indian Corn (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.89,914 4,600,682 Oats (bushelS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,671,815 8,163,371 Barley (bushells) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881,399 622,040 Rye (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,500 . . . . . . . . . Flaxseed (bushells) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758,963 207,699 Flour (tons) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456,059 (sacks) 1,003,039 Eggs (cases) . . . . . . . . , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17,774 . 14,032 Butter (pikgs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,466 6,712 Cheese (boxes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,340 242,859 Apples (barrels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,169 41,293 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 79 The number of Canadian steamers passing through the canal was 172; American, 44; total, 216; tonnage, 148,301 tons. Sailing craft, barges, scows, etc.: Canadian, 308; American, 10; American canal boats, 237; total, 771; tonnage, 251,519 tons. Counting the number of trips made by each of the above vessels, a total was reached of 9,560 separate trips, and a combined tonnage of 4,119,364 tons. The number of passengers carried through the canal and down the Rapids was 89,557, and the number of permits issued “Empress of Ireland "-Canadian Pacific Ry. Co.'s Atlantic Service. to boats to pass through 6,125, as compared with 5,738 issued during the previous season, an increase of 387. Permits were issued to 203 pleasure yachts and 35 tugs, the latter allowing the craft to operate on all the Dominion canals. The increase in the number of the passengers was 5,587 over the previous year. Lumber increased by 34,408 tons; coal by 130,415 tons; sand by 57,642 tons, and ore passing through weighed up to 9,905 tons. Coal passing through the canal to the Harbour was 80 THE SEIIPPING BUSINESS in weight 432,478 tons, an increase of 59,257 tons, and landed at various points on the banks of the canal, 439,517 tons, an increase of 76,748 tons. Vessels from Lower St. Lawrence ports made 960 trips inwards, discharging cargo in canal basin No. 1 and at Cote St. Paul. The Canadian vessels were loaded for the most part with lumber, sand, hay, coal, bricks, butter, cheese, rice, cord- wood, pulp, iron, and ice. The American canal boats carried chiefly moulding sand, Square timber, magnesite, salt, cement, rosin, clay, and coal, a number of them, after discharging, pro- ceeding to Ottawa for lumber. Pulp wood brought to Canadian ports measured 17,357 cords; to American ports, 64,403 cords. Of pulp, 1,040 tons were for Canadian ports and 28,302 tons for American. THE SHIPPING REPORTS PRINTED BY T H E G A Z E T TIE Are admitted to be the best published in Canada. Jºddress, G./42ETTE PRINTING CO., Limited, MO.WTRE./4L. 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To obtain satisfactory results instruct your European Shippers to forward your shipments to care of Dominion Express Co. (of Canada) at any of above addresses or direct to D O M IN I O N EXPR E S S CO M P ANY (of Canada) Royal Liver Building, Pier Head, Liverpool, England. For further information, rates, sailing lists, etc., apply to any agent. DoMINION EXPRESS MONEY ORDERS, FOREIGN CHEQUES AND TRAVELLERS’ CHEQUES are payable in all parts of the World. See our Agents about them. • * The * Montreal Lithographing Co. Limited Lithographers FINE COLOR WORK, AND COMMERCIAL STATIONERY The Montreal Lithographing Company, Limited 925 Ontario Street East The Wm. Cauldwell Paper Company, LiMITED 427 St. James St., - - MONTREAL, Que. NEWS, MILLBOARD and WOODBOARDS, NEW BRUNSWICK KRAFT, GLAZED and UNGLAZED, WRITING PAPERS The Canadian Bag Company, Limited MANUFACTURERS OF JUTE AND COTTON BAGS IMPORTERS OF TWINE, HESSIANS, CANVAS, Etc. MONTREAL, 492 William Street, TORONTO, 109 & 111 George St. WINNIPEG, 831 Henry Ave. º 4A, -tººlſ Gº iſ | 4× sº An Every-day Convenience * Not only in emergencies, but in the business of every day, the Long Distance Tele- phone meets the needs of mod- ern Commercial Life. G|| For saving time, getting into personal touch with a customer, business colleague, salesman,— in short, for speeding up busi- ness in many ways, the Long Distance Telephone is indis. pensable. Call “Long Distance ’’ and ask for Rates ==~----- T=--—---- = *-*— -- * → - - - --8 The Bell Telephone Company of Canada Howard Smith Paper MILLS LIMITED W H E N I N N E E D O F OFFICE STATIONERY A S K Y O U R P R IN T E R F O R. Royal Record and Belfast Linen Bond Papers 138 McGill Street, Montreal, Can. The Mercantile Agency R. G. DUN & CO. Established 1841, 224 offices throughout the world, I7 in Canada as follows: Mºśl. HALIFAX, N.S. º §k. TORO ... [OHN, N.B. MOOSE JAW, SA OTTAWA wº B REGINA, SASK. QUEBEC SASKATOON, SASK. #AMILTON EDMONTON, ALTA. VANCOUVER, B.C. LONDON CALGARY, ALTA. VICTORIA, B.C. T. H. FLETT District Manager Montreal f ſ *. .: ..ſ:: ---º$2 - ....- -ſ*-:- •- *•º- , * -* º -, Aº ‘!ggºt-§:::-rºŽle;.* 2. - --.. :*• --- &d .s ſº:- -.3.: : -&:;. 4° < 3. ſº 1 *: s !s :- : f --J--g-t ~,- - ſº # - -iº º t*: * . ! --- † E. :E-d GENERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS OF TEIE GRAND TRUNIK RY. SYSTEM AND THE CANADIAN EXPRESS CO. CANADIAN ExPRESS Co. Operating over the lines of the GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM, CANADIAN GOVERNMENT LINES and other important RAIL and WATER ROUTES GENERAL FORWARDERS OF MERCHANDISE, VALUABLES, ETC. Special Rates and Facilities on Business between GREAT BRITAIN AND CANADA. Money Orders, Travellers’ Cheques, Foreign Cheques issued, payable at par everywhere. General Offices, e- tº- gº MONTREAL, QUE. JOHN PUL LEN, President. the stan DARD LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF EDINBURGH Established 1825 Head Office for Canada - Montreal Invested Funds ... • tº- ſº tº. tº- $65,000,000 Deposits with Canadian Government tºº * i. $8,840,000 Investments Canadian Branch º - e 16,000,000 Unconditional Policies. Claims settled immediately on proof of death and title. World-Wide Policies. Fa mily Trust Policies. Assurance effected on first-class lives, ‘without medical examination.” Apply for full particulars D. M. McGOUN, Manager, WHEN YOU ARE RUSHED FOR TIME REMEMBER THAT WE POSSESS UNEQUALLED FACILITIES FOR PROMPTLY SHIPPING QUANTITIES OF ANY OF THE A PPARATUS OR EQUIPMENT LISTED BELOW. Telephones, Telephone Train Dispatching Apparatus, Interphones, Fire Alarm and Police Signal Systems, Wiring Devices, Insulators, Batteries, Switch Boards, Street Railway Supplies, Lighting Fixtures, Line Construction Material, Electrical Household Appliances. Write Our Nearest House ºlº * - ^, *2. G- † - - .** variº § #. d šº & HE sy 2% §§§ º § ZO/97/17 C2//C sº º jº & º -f *. * > - § : sº % t AND MANUFACTURING CO. LIMITED MONTREAL HALI– AX TORONTO WHNNIPEG REGINA CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER *///ZZ”.2% ,zarzeczºrºvºazz». , eeeºº. .." _-e” **. º %.” º ..”2%“, % à & Ž º º sº º ; : º a º 㺠º *ºź f r º 2 : % º .2% * < * * - Y " - - * * * : . . . % Designers, EDGrauers Desbarats Building, Beaver Hall Hill, MONTREAL A s B E S T os Corrugated Sheathing (I ASBESTOS Corrugated Sheathing is made of the best Portland Cement and Asbestos, in the same shape as Corrugated Iron, but much thicker. (I EACH sheet is formed separately between dies, under enormous pressure. This ensures perfectly even corruga- tions, and so compacts the material that it becomes extremely hard, tough and weather-proof. (I ASBESTOS Corrugated Sheathing is very extensively used, both for roofing and siding, on Elevators, Freight Sheds, Mills, Factories and Warehouses. It is superior to Corrugated Iron in that is cannot rust, never requires paint, and is practically indestructible. QI FOR full information about Asbestos Corrugated Sheath- ing, Asbestoslate Cement Shingles, Asbestos Paper and Millboard, Asbestos Air-cell Pipe Covering, Asbestos Sheet and Piston Packing, and other Asbestos Products write. Asbestos Manufacturing Co., Limited ADDRESS E. T. BANK BLDG., MONTREAL FACTORY AT LACHINE, QUE., (NEAR MONTREAL) ROLLAND’S PAPERS For Business Stationery, for Loose Leaf Sheets and all kinds of Printed or Lithographed Forms, include many textures at a wide price range. There is a paper for every need and fancy. Ask your supply house to show you our sample books or write direct to us for them. ENVELOPES TO MATCH ALL LINES The Rolland Paper Company, Limited General Offices, tº [º tº t- Montreal, P.Q. Mills at St. Jerome and Mont Rolland, P.Q. The THOS. DAVIDSON M'F'G CO., Limited. ** - i’ss's'. . . º * , . - & , , , § sº º Rºº.” ... º. º.º. - - > ſº -- 4 - - - - ** ºf ºzºº ºf º *Yºr **. Cºº". . ºr- Jº szºº-ºº-ºº: * * * * * - fº º * <> * . . . . . . . . . * . . . . :* -- . . . . . . . * *::::::::::: . ºśſ. 3 §ºv "tºe-º ºs J.- sº * - º: & S. Sºº -: • ; : .LIMITED, lº . . . . . *** 1:... ºch “sº $º ; : li sãº. . . º. 3 .*& § . . . .” Sº * THD5, DAVID 5 DIN M.F.E.D. D. H. n tº ºn tº ; tı d Win re. sº tamp ed War o, etc. v. G is iſ a 1jo ºr ºt,\'ºs-r. At a citri I, E: I ºf f. 'S'ſ Re: s , S: , .** . . . . . . . I-8 t) rºº Nº.3.3.I... . . . . . . . . . & -- - - - - - - - -, * > * ... ENAMELED WARE, LITHOGRAPHED, PRESSED and PIECED TINWARE, SHEET IRON and STEEL WARE, GALVANIZED WARE, COPPER WARE, WIRE GOODS, . STOVES, RANGE BOILERS, Etc. MONTREAL, TORONTO and WINNIPEG The Royal Military College of Canada. HERE are few national institutions of more value and interest to the country than the Royal Military College of Canada. Notwithstanding this, its object and the work it is accomplishing are not sufficiently understood by the general public. The College is a Government institution, designed primarily for the purpose of giving instruction in all branches of military science to cadets and officers of the Canadian Militia. In fact it corresponds to Wool- wich and Sandhurst. - The Commandant and military instructors are all officers on the active list of the Imperial army, lent for the purpose, and there is in addition a complete staff of professors for the civil subjects which form such an important part of the College course. Medical attendance is also provided. Whilst the College is organized on a strictly military basis the cadets receive a practical and scientific training in subjects essential to a sound modern education. The course includes a thorough grounding in Mathematics, Civil Engineering, Surveying, Physics, Chemistry, French and English. The strict discipline maintained at the College is one of the most valuable features of the course, and, in addition, the constant practice of gymnastics, drills and outdoor exercises of all kinds, ensures health and excellent physical condition. S \ Commissions in all branches of the Imperial Ser- vice and Canadian Permanent Force are offered annually. The diploma of graduation, is considered by the authorities conducting the examination for Dominion Land Surveyor to be equivalent to a university degree, and by the Regulations of the Law Society of Ontario, it obtains the same exemptions as a B.A. degree. The length of the course is three years, in three terms of 93 months each. The total cost of the course, including board, uni- § instructional material, and all extras, is about The annual competitive examination for admission to the College takes place in May of each year, at the headquarters of the several military districts. For full particulars regarding this examination and for any other infor- mation, application should be made to the Secretary of Militia Council, Ottawa, Ont.; or to the Commandant, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ont. H.Q. 94–5. 9–09. The KENT Company, LIMITED REFRIGERATING ENGINEERS MONTREAL, P.O. Ice - making and Refrigerating Machinery Ammonia Fittings and Supplies A LSO Nonpareil Corkboard Insulation F OR Cold Stores, Abattoirs, Dairies, Breweries, Etc. A LSO Special Cork Bricks for Flooring Cow Stalls and Dairy Stables CATALOGUES ON REQUEST The Dairy Industry [...] D] T HIE following interesting article on the Dairy Industry of Canada, dealing with Some important points, was Sup- plied by Mr. J. A. Ruddick, the Dairy and Cold Storage Com- missioner for the Dominion: - In the early part of the Summer complaints were received by the Dominion Department of Agriculture from Montreal cheese merchants, to the effect that the proportion of broken boxes among the consignments of cheese they were receiving by rail was much greater than usual, and the Department at once placed inspectors on duty at the railway terminals in order to check the condition of the boxes as they were delivered from the cars. A man was also sent to country points to investigate the manner of handling and loading cheese at the different rail- way stations. Later in the season the Secretary of the Mont- real Produce Merchants’ Association received a letter from the Chief of the Markets Division at Ottawa, which stated that the reports furnished by the inspectors referred to indicated that 90% of the trouble was due to the fact that those loading cheese in the cars neglected to stow the boxes so that they would not knock about in transit, and especially during shunting opera- tions. The letter further stated that it was a common practice to pile the cheese high in each end of a car and either leave a space in the centre between the doors or else not trim the boxes down gradually so that they could not move under heavy shunt- ing. The inspectors reported the names and addresses of a number of shippers of cheese in which considerable breakage was found, and letters were sent from the Department to these parties, urging them to use more care in loading their consign- ments. The Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk Railway Com- panies were also communicated with, and they issued circulars to their agents instructing them to supervise the loading of cheese, so far as that was possible. Under the system in vogue in the past, the men who hauled the cheese from the factories to the railway stations were chiefly concerned to get rid of their 100 . THE DAIRY INDUSTRY loads as quickly as possible, and as a rule it appeared to be nobody’s business to see that the cheese were piled properly in the car. - . During the period of navigation the usual staff of cargo in- spectors were employed on the docks at Montreal and at ports in Great Britain, and the handling of cheese and other perish- able products was supervised and the condition of the shipments reported to the Department at Ottawa. A larger number of thermographs were used than in any previous year, and copies of the records of temperatures were sent regularly to the Mont- real Produce Merchants’ Association, to the steamship agents and also to shippers, on request. The reports received from these inspectors, and also commu- nications received by the Department from Liverpool importers, indicated that the percentage of breakage among cheese boxes at that port during the past year showed considerable increase. The labor unrest which has been so much in evidence in Liver- pool during recent years appears to have bred, a feeling of dis- content and indifference among the dock laborers, which mani- fests itself in their work. As a result, boxes of cheese have not been handled as carefully as they should have been during the process of discharging from the steamers. There is no doubt that the port of Liverpool should be equipped with more mechanical appliances for discharging perishable cargo as, owing to the lack of automatic conveyors and other up-to-date facili- ties, Liverpool does not possess nearly so good a record for care- ful discharge of cargo as London. It is undoubtedly true that, owing to the growing scarcity of suitable timber, the veneer used in the manufacture of cheese boxes is being made of thinner and poorer material each year. Another contributory cause of breakage is found in the careless- ness of many cheese makers, who do not take any pains to use only well-fitting boxes. If the box is too high, or too large in diameter for the cheese, it is almost impossible to keep it intact during transit to its ultimate market. On the other hand, boxes are often used that are too short for the cheese, with the result that it is impossible to keep the cover on during shipment or THE DAIRY INDUSTRY 101 to prevent the cheese from becoming more or less crushed. Looking at this matter from a dollar and cents standpoint, it is certainly a very short-sighted policy for any factory to pur- chase anything but sound, strong and well-made boxes. From June 17th to September 7th the Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture again paid the icing charges up to $5.00 per car on a certain number of refrigerator cars per week which were used in the cheese traffic. * The special refrigerator car services for butter, which are arranged for by the Dominion Department of Agriculture, were in operation from May 13th to October 12th, and three inspec- tors were stationed at Montreal to report the condition of these cars, temperature of the butter, etc. A summary of the Mont- real inspector’s reports gives a total tonnage of over 21,000,000 pounds of butter for these cars, with the butter at an average temperature of 53% degrees. A noticeable feature of the butter received at Montreal this year, particularly from districts served by the Canadian Northern Railway, was the use of second-hand boxes and tubs, both for creamery and for dairy butter. It is to be hoped that this practice will be discouraged by all those who have an interest in the industry. Fine food products, such as butter, should be contained in a package that looks clean and inviting, and cream- ery-men in particular are following a very short-sighted policy if they make use of boxes or tubs that are old, stained and generally disreputable in appearance. The agreement between the Department and the railway companies provides that the Department shall guarantee a cer- tain amount of revenue from each car per trip, and if the earn- ings at any time fall short of the guarantee the deficit is made good by the Department. Under this plan, shippers are afforded a regular weekly service which protects their butter during hot weather, and for which they are obliged to pay only the regular less-than-carload freight rate and may ship any quantity. Dur- ing the last few years the cost to the Department of maintaining these services has been decreasing, owing to the larger quantity of butter carried in these iced cars. A. A. AYER, President JNO. McKERGOW, Vice-President John H. Scott, \ W. W. Pickett, ). Directors: A. J. Ayer, ſ s:.e. §: SIZE OF BUILDING 100 x 245 FT. A. A. Ayer & Co., Limited ESTABLISHED 1867 MONTREAL EXPO R T E R S OF EUTTER AND CHEESE Office : Warehouses: 576 St. Paul St. St. Paul, St. Henry and William Sts. We own by far the most extensive warehouse and cold storage in the trade and have every convenience for the cooling and rapid handling of Cheese and Freezing of Butter. All Cheese are received and handled in cool rooms, thus insuring freedom from the hot and tasty lots which frequently spoil profits and stop free consumption. - Correspondence solicited. We give our personal attention to the buying and filling of orders for Export and for Home trade. We are in touch with all the principal markets in Great Britain and our Great West and with nearly every. cheese factory and creamery in Canada. Our buyers are always in attendance at the principal markets, viz:—Brockville, Belleville, Peterboro, Napanee, St. Hyacinthe, Cowans- ville, London, Ingersoll, as well as all other markets in Ontario and Quebec. We carry a full line of Cheese Factory and Creamery Supplies. The Cheese Trade c. D | T IS to be regretted that we have to again put on record another decline in the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for the season 1912, which can only be attributed to the rapid increase in the population of Canada during º the past few years, and the increased home consumption of cheese. The make for the season 1912 throughout Canada was fully as large, if not larger than any previous year; but, owing to the increasing demand for supplies from British Columbia and the Canadian North- west, to which points large shipments were made from Montreal and west of Toronto, and especially so from the latter, which accounts for the decrease in exports to the United Kingdom to some extent. The season, on the whole, has only been a fairly satis- factory one for exporters, owing to the irregular course of prices here and the steady declining tendency of the English markets during the first three months of the season on account of the increased home supplies, but during the month of August prices advanced 2s to 2s 6d, and remained fairly firm up to the end of September, when weakness again developed in the markets on prospects of a large New Zealand make and increased stocks of Canadian cheese as compared with a year ago, consequently prices declined and closed at the lowest point of the season. The exports of cheese from Montreal for the season 1912 amounted to 1,723,021 boxes, as compared with 1,810,666 boxes last season, showing a decrease of 87,645 boxes. Placing the average price at 12% c per pound, and allowing 82 pounds to the box, would give $10.04 per box, or a total value of the season's exports from Montreal of approximately $17,299,130, 104 THE CHEESE TRADE as compared with $17,816,953 for the season 1911. The ship- ments from Quebec this season amounted to 1,253 boxes, which, on the same basis, represents a value of $12,580, making the total exports of Canadian cheese up to the close of navigation 1,724,274 boxes, and a net decrease of 117,304 boxes, as com- pared with last season, at a total value of $17,311,710, as com- pared with the total exports last season of 1,841,578, of a total value of $18,121,127. The receipts of cheese in Montreal from May 1st, 1912, to November 30th, 1912, were 1,779,836 boxes, as compared with 1,820,819 boxes for the same period last year, and the estimated stocks of cheese in store in Montreal on December 1st, 1912, were 118,047 boxes, while the stocks of Canadian cheese in London, Liverpool and Bristol on December 1st, 1912, were 365,200 boxes, as compared with 314,000 boxes for the same date in 1911; 428,000 boxes in 1910, and 419,000 boxes in 1908. The following table shows the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for a period of years:– Quantity Price per boxes. |b OX. Value. 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 $10.04 $17,299,130 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 9.84 17,816,953 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 8.80 16,651,668 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,315 9.20 17,225,298 1908.....…. 1,785,696 9.60 17,142,681 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 9.50 18,747,461 1906. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,227,838 9.40 20,941,677 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121,101 8.50 18,029,358 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,639 6.80 14,379,545 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 9.00 21,563,338 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,171 8.50 17,927,000 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,613 7.00 12,541,291 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077,000 8.00 16,560,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 7.75 14,698,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900,000 6.35 12,065,000 1897 . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * > * > 2,102,985 6.75 14,195,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,237 6.75 11,605,000 THE CHEESE TRADE - 105 The figures showing the shipments from Montreal to the various ports in detail for a period of years follows:— POrts 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. London. 735,149 837,256 845,962 786,401 842,416 865,992 'Liverpool. . 362,834 404,788 432,656 456,767 385,924 487,720 EriStol . . 369,037 367,147 402,142 385,876 361,694 383,998 Manchester 94,988 77,932 76,540 66,590 59,202 45,370 Glasgow . . 72,435 66,112 71,195 98,049 67,149 95,272 Leith. . . . . 46,335 31,198 43,936 46,971 50,497 50,082 Newcastle. 24,298 13,527 8,903 14,918 6,848 12,629 FHull. 12,665 1,003 4,263 3,545 2,474 12,490 Belfast. gº 1,388 1,650 3,725 6,231 1,575 2,158 South Africa. 1,671 2,224 1,908 1,174 1,051 1,323 Aberdeen. . 1,939 487 958 1,345 2,181 11,560 Dundee. 51 1,342 . . . . . . . 4,428 1,685 . . . . . . . Dublin. . 161 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * e º – tº e º e º ſº tº º e º is Miscellaneous. 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . 1,723,021 1,810,666 1,892,325 1,872,315 1,785,696 1,973,417 THE MARKET REPORTS PRINTED DAILY IN TH E G A Z ETTE ARE ADMITTED TO EE THE E EST FUELISHED IN CANADA SUBSCRIPTION $6.OO FER YEAR ADDRESS, J.M.E./? TON DUHITE, President, Gazette Printing Co., Limited, JMONTREAL i à II. 8-1, II LI 8- Q & I # - I II Z-I & I #78 II 8-g & I &I 3-I & I 9I-I & I # - 3 &I 3 - I II Z-I & I 87), II 8-g & I 8-I IT 9 I-I & I 9I-I II 9 I-8 Z I z-I 01 91-gſ II #-3 OT 9 I-I & I 3- I 0I 9T-6 II 8-8 0I 8-1, II *O *O Aor I U3 IH 806 I 9T-I # - I *O 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I II 0T II II II II II II AOT 9 I-3T. 8- I 9 I-II 9 I-II # - I 9 I-6 *O ZI ZT UI3 IIH 606 I | 0 || - 3 0 I # - 3 OI 3 - I 0 I 9 I-6 0T 8-8 0 I 8-3 OT 8 - 8 0 I 9I - J, 0T - 3 OT I 0I Aor I #-g 8-9 9 I-GI g-I 0 I II II II 0T II 0T II 0 I II 0T II II II •o U3 IH OT6 I 3 - I 3 'I # - 3 3 I 3-I 8T 8- G 3 I 8-T 3I C - I 3 I 8 - I - 31 - I II 8 II 9T-T 0T # - I II #-3 OT IT AOr[ II6I - I # I I # I 3-I # I 8-g #I 9I # - g| 8 - 3 3 I 8- G 8 I 3- I II # - 3 II U3 (H. I II - G II # - 3 II * : Ž I : - . I #-I g|I 8-8 8T 9 I-6 &I 9T-II 8T Z - I & I 8- 1, 8T 3-I & I # - 3 3T. 3- I ZI 9T-3T 8T ZI 8T 9I- ), 3T 8-I 81. ZI #-3 8 T 8- I ZI 9T-9T 8T - 3 3I T ZI *O. AOI 3 I6'ſ 8TA, 8T # I “O. U3IH ' ' 1st, GI ' ' 4S3 AA JøQUI3AON * 1st}{H 1SøAA Je CIO3 OO ' ' 1st (H. * * 4SøAA Joquel doS ' ' 1st}(H, ' ' |Se AA 1snßn V ' ' 1st}(H * * 4 Se:AA A.Inſ • ‘T.Stegſ * * 1so AA eunſ ' ' 1st}{H ' ' | SøAA. At IAI —: SreeK Jo poſiod tº Ioj pub UOsbos out 5uſ Imp soon1d up Suomenong out Aous saināg 3up/AOIOJ ou.I. THE CHEESE TRADE 107 f The monthly fluctuations in the Liverpool market during the seven months of the season for a period of years follow :— 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. High Low High Low High Low High Low S d S d S d S d S d S d S d S d May . . . . . . 74 0 68 0 56 6 55 0 62 6 57 0 68 0 62 6 June . . . . . . 70 6 63 6 56 6 54 0 60 0 53 6 61 6 58 0 July . . . . . . 65 0 62 6 59 0 56 0 60 0 53 6 58 0 57 0 August . . . . 67 6 64 6 66 0 59 0 60 0 53 6 58 6 56 6 September . . 66 6 65 6 70 6 65 0 54 6 53 6 58 0 56 6 October . . . 66 6 64 6 70 6 68 6 56 0 54 0 57 6 55 6 November . . 65 0 62 6 70 6 69 6 58 0 55 0 57 6 55 6 The following shows the average price per cwt. of Canadian cheddar cheese in London for a period of years:— Year - Average ended g for year June 30. per cwt. S. d. 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 3 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 8 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 0 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 10 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 1 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 0 The average price for New Zealand cheddar cheese in Lon- don for the year was 69s 10d, as compared with 59s 1d for the year 1911. We are indebted to W. Weddell & Co., of London, Eng., for the following valuable information which appeared in their annual review for the year ending June 30th : The year just ended has been one of the most remarkable in the history of 108 THE CHEESE TRADE the importation of dairy produce into the United Kingdom. The earliest authoritative record on the subject is found in “Porter’s Progress of the Nation ", which states that in the year 1820 the import of butter into this country amounted to 3,415 tons, and that of cheese to 4,159 tons. Unfortunately, the sources from which this butter and cheese came are not mentioned. In comparison with the present volume of the trade, 200,000 tons of butter and 117,000 tons of cheese, these figures are insignificant, but it is nevertheless surprising to find that nearly a hundred years ago the United Kingdom was unable to supply its own requirements even in such articles of domestic manufacture as butter and cheese. The most extraordinary feature of the past year was the high price of both butter and cheese, whether they were home- made or imported. It is necessary to go back to the years 1876 and 1877 before finding anything to parallel the figures of the past year. In those years ended June 30th, the official quota- tion of Danish butter averaged 123 kroner (138/4) and 125 kroner (140/7), while for the year ended last month the average was 110 kroner (123/9). The records of 1876 and 1877 dif- fered from that of the past year inasmuch as they occurred at a time when extraordinarily high prices prevailed, while the quotations for the twelve months just ended stand out as being phenomenally higher than in any immediately preceding year. The present record was due solely to a temporary alteration of very great magnitude in climatic conditions. The summer of 1911 will be long remembered as one of the hottest and driest known. In addition to intense heat and abnormal want of rain, the area over which these conditions prevailed was unpre- cedentedly extensive. Practically the whole of the pastoral countries of the northern hemisphere from which the United Kingdom had drawn for years its supplies of butter and cheese were included. In a more or less severe form it extended from Omsk in Western Siberia, and, stretching westward across Russia, enveloped the central, western, and some of the southern countries of Europe. It spread over the southern part of the |United Kingdom and even the Emerald Isle was not free from THE CHEESE TRADE 109 its influence. In the United States and Canada the production of butter and cheese was less than normal, partly as the result of dry conditions. So great and so severe a drought had not been known to occur simultaneously in the same regions for a hundred years past. Under such exceptional circumstances as these a great departure from the ordinary conditions of trade was inevitable. Other features which contributed to make the past year so memorable were the enormous increase in the import of margarine into the United Kingdom, and the great strikes which interfered with the distribution of imported butter and cheese after its arrival into this country. The former of these was directly due to the drought, but the latter arose from the fact that the general advance in the price of commodities during the past few years has been much greater than the rise in the rate of wages. Fortunately, the great export trade in butter which, in comparatively recent years, has grown up in Australia and New Zealand, enabled the British Territories in the southern hemi- sphere to ameliorate and redless, to Some extent, the natural calamity which afflicted European countries, or there would have existed a butter and cheese famine of unprecedented severity in the United Kingdom. This misfortune to the old countries of the world brought the year of greatest prosperity ever known to the dairy industry of Australia and New Zealand. Owing, however, to the impossibility of Australian and New Zealand dairy farmers being able to appreciate to the full extent the consequences which were bound to follow these very unusual conditions, many of them missed one of the grandest oppor- tunities of their lives. They could not be persuaded to consign their buitor and cheese, but were tempted by the high prices oſtered in August and September last to sell out and out. There never was a time in which all the circumstances connected with dairying pointed more emphatically and with more certainty to excessively high prices for butter and cheese than at the close of the European summer of 1911. It was an opportunity that is not likely to occur again for a lifetime. 110 THE CHEESE TRADE i The following shows the imports of Canadian and other cheese into the United Kingdom for a period of years:– Year New AuS- Total United Grand ended Canada. Zealand. tralia. Colonial. States. Foreign. Total June 30. TOnS. TOns. TOnS. Tons. TOnS. TOnS. TOn S. 1912. . . . . . 72,690 24,993 93 97,775 2,470 19,063 116,838 1911 . . . . . . 76,457 20,256 617 97,330 7,045 24,134 121,464 1910. . . . . . 79,661 22,651 207 102,519 1,700 20,305 122,824 1909 . . . . . . 76,402 16,572 * * * 92,974 3,765 23,850 116,824 1908. . . . . . 81,428 13,152 53 94,663 4,712 23,962 118,595 1907 . . . . . . 90,679 8,597 160 99,436 8,638 26,154 125,590 1906 . . . . . . 95,884 5,870 • * 101,754 10,676 28,308 130,062 1905. . . . . . 92,308 4,072 - - - 96,280 9,387 25,682 122,062 1904. . . . . . 98,306 4,111 18 102,435 14,334 33,342 135,777 1903. . . . . . 87,883 2,617 90,500 17,785 39,099 129,599 1902. . . . . . 76,297 2,710 - - - 79,007 26,154 20,091 125,252 1901. . . . . . 77,267 4, 186 7 81,460 28,034 21,544 131,028 1900. . . . . . 70,549 3,973 180 74,702 32,183 21,720 128,605 For the past few years Canadian cheese has been so free from damage in transit that there can be little room for further improvement in this direction. It is only the manufacture that offers opportunities for any further progress towards perfec- tion, and the past year has not shown any wide field for criticism of a suggestive character on this point. Canadian shippers are every year more and more alive to the necessity of placing their cheese on our markets before the bulk of the New Zealand article arrives, which is in January. This will gradually do away with Some of the expense of long storage in Canada, and at the same time prevent deterioration in quality in the stores there, and so give better satisfaction when it arrives in this country. New Zealand cheese during the past season has shown a marked improvement in quality. The flavour is year by year becoming more free from all defects, and some of it is rapidly approaching the very best Canadian. More of it is arriving clean in flavour and meaty in texture. The white cheese is losing that yellow tinge which made it neither white nor Coloured, and the red is becoming deeper and truer in colour. The methods of transit by steamer still calls for improvement. Several surveys have proved that for some cause, not always traceable on its arrival, the cheese sticks to the centre board THE CHEESE TRADE 111 of the crate, and, when removed, patches of soft and wet cheese are left adhering. It will be seen that the average prices for Canadian and New Zealand cheese for the past twelve months were 71s 5d and 69s. 10d per cwt., which are 11s 9d and 10s 9d, respec- tively, above those of the previous year, and far higher than in any previous year. In July, 1911, the average price for Cana- dian was 60s per cwt., and by October this had risen to 70s 3d. For January, 1912, the price reached 76s, where it remained until June, in which month it fell to 70s 7d. The highest price for Canadian last season was 7 is per cwt., in March. New Zealand cheese for July, 1911, averaged 60s 10d per cwt., and the season finished with September at 66s. The new season's cheese arrived in November and realized an average for the month of 68s. For January the price was 73s 6d, and it aver- aged practically that figure for every month up to and includ- ing June. In the first week of June New Zealand cheese sold at 78s per cwt., the highest price ever reached for this variety. Construction Train at North Portal of Canadian Northern Ry., Mount Royal Tunnel. Did You Ever Wisit a Bindery 7 (I. The Gazette invites a visit to the Bindery Department where you will see what you may never have seen before. Over one hundred hands at work, with an equipment of six of the latest model folding machines with auto- matic feeds, nine power cutting machines, six paper rulers, and a great number of the most up-to-date labor saving machines, all most improved pattern. (I. The Gazette Bindery turns out the largest orders given in Canada. GAZETTE PRINTING CO., LIMITED 38 ST. ANTORNE STREET MONTREAL, CANADA. Canadian Branches: NAPANEE BELLEVILLE BROCKVILLE CHARLOTTETOWN, P. .I. Hodgson Brothers & Rowson Exporters and Commission Merchants 65, 67, 69 WILLIAM ST., MONTREAL also Rowson, Hodgson and Co., Ltd., 35 Tooley St., LONDON, S.E., ENGLAND OUR extensive Refrigerators are the Most Improved and of the best modern plans for the cooling and storing of & CHEESE AND BUTTER We are in direct communication with all the best Manufacturers of both Butter and Cheese THROUGHOUT CANADA Orders receive our personal supervision and attention Co-Operative Wholesale Society. L I M IT ED Central Offices, * -º Manchester Montreal Office, 36 St. Peter St., A. C. Wieland, Representative Produce, Provision, Wheat and Leather Exporters BRANCHES AND BUYING DEPOTS Newcastle-on-Tyne Cardiff London Liverpool Bristol e Northampton Winnipeg, Man. Copenhagen, Denmark Gothenberg, Sweden Aarhus, Denmark New York, U.S.A. Esbjerg, Denmark Odense, Denmark Armagh, Ireland Cork, Ireland Limerick, Ireland PRODUCTIVE WORKS Leicester, Boots and Shoes Heckmondwike, Boots and Shoes Rushden, Boots and Shoes Crumpsall Biscuit Works Manchester Tobacco Works Manchester Bacon Factory Manchester Sun Flour Mills Middleton, Jam, Preserves and Pickles Broughton, Furniture, Mantles, Shirts Pelaw Works - Brislington Butter Factory Irlam, Soap, Candles, Lard, Starch Batley Woolen Cloth Factory Luton, Cocoa and Chocolate Sydney Oil and Tallow Factory Leeds Clothing Factory Leeds Brush and Mat Works Dunston-on-Tyne Flour Mill Silvertown Flour Mill Star Flour Mill, Oldham Avonmouth Flour Mill Desborough Corset Works Longsight Printing Works Hartlepool Lard Refinery Littleborough Flannel Mill - Hucknall Huthwaite Hosiery Factory. Bury Weaving Shed Longton Crockery Depot Herning Bacon Factory Tralee Bacon Factory Also Agents for Scottish Co-Operative Wholesale Society, Limited, Central offices, Glasgow. Butter Cheese Eggs C O S T S LIT T L E Cold Storage Poultry Lamb Beef S A V E S M U C H OFFICES-0 : Apples Nuts Cran- berries THE CANADA COLD STORAGE CO. LIMIT ED 51 - 53 WILLIAM STREET, M O N T R E A L LARGEST and BEST STOREs in CANADA Location the Most Desirable, being the Centre of the Produce Trade, B R IN E SYSTEM T H R O U G H O U T : Oysters Fish Pork Cable “ MAPLELEAF '' Montreal Code used “THE ALEXANDER '' JAMES ALEXANDER LIMITED E X D O R T E R S O F B U T. T. E. R and (9HEESE BRANCHES Belleville, Kingston, Brockville, Quebec, Ingersoll FIRST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE 600, 602 and 604 St. Paul St., Montreal ESTA E LISHED 1864 Robert Hampsom & Som L |M ITED Marine, . ... INSURANCE Automobile, Motor Boat, §§§v, . Yacht, Baggage, Registered Mail, 1-5 ST, JOHN STREET, Parcel Post CA B L E A D D R ESS - E ROOM FIELD MONTREAL DALE & CO., Limited— MONTREAL - TORONTO . HALIFAX M A R IN E A G E N T S I N C A N A D A F O R Alliance Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. British and Foreign Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. British Dominions General Insurance Co., Ltd., of London, Eng. Commercial Union Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation, of London, England. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Standard Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. Thames and Mersey Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. FIRE British Dominions General Ins. Co., Ltd., of London, England. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. of St. Paul, Minn. J. B. CLEARIHUE, President Cold Air Circulation Perfect Ventilation. Cold Storage for BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, FRUIT, POULTRY, MEAT, etc. OFFICES AND STORES Corner of Grey Nun and William Streets Centre of Provision and Fruit Trade Telephone Main 4808 J. R. CARNMEL, Secy.-Treas. ſieorge lodge & Son, Limited (Affiliated with Gunn, Langlois & Co., Limited) EXPORTERS OF B U T T E R A N D C H E E S E AND - Produce Commission Merchants IIS ExING ST. , N/IONTRECAL. Cable Address: “ HODGECO,” Montreal. Codes furnished on application and Registered Cable Addresses arranged. All orders, whether for prompt or future shipment, receive our personal supervision, and special attention given to selection of goods for storing in FIRST cLAss REFRiGERATOR STORAGE. correspondence solicit Ed. WE BUY DIRECT FROM MANUFACTURERS IN THE count RY, and are in close touch with operations on all markets during season of produc- tion. All enquiries by wire or mail will meet with prompt attention. WE STREVE TO PLEASE OUR PATRONS. Established in Canada 1874 Cable Address : “HELMSVILLE” - Telephones: OFFICE MAIN 8422 P. O. Box 1162 HOUSE WESTMOUNT 327 HARRY A. HODGSON] Produce Commission Agent Special attention given to consignments of Butter and Cheese for sale in Canada or Great Britain Room B 30, Board of Trade Bldg., MONTREAL, Que. T H E Linde Canadian Refrigeration C O., LIMITED, 37 ST. PETER ST., MONTREAL. Manufacturers of THE LIN DE Ice and Refrigerating Machinery A L S O CORK INSULATION Established and Manufacturing in Canada for 17 years. Canadian Agents for Messrs. Kynoch Limited, England (GAS ENGINES AND SUCTION GAS PLANTS) Messrs. J. & E. Hall, Limited (CO= MACHINES) Wittemann Bros., New York (BREWERY APPARATUS) The Linde Canadian Refrigeration Co., Ltd. 37 St. Peter Street, Montreal. The Butter Business G1 E] N our annual review of the dairy export season a year ago we had to record a large increase in the exports of butter from the port of Montreal over the previous year, but since then there has been some very limpor- tant changes in the trade, and Canada has found out that she requires practically all the butter that can be produced at present for home con- sumption, owing to the fact, that although she exported during the season of 1911 over 134,000 packags of butter, we were obliged to import almost the same quantity during the winter months of 1912 from Great Britain, New Zealand and the United States in order to supply the home trade. Consequently the exports this season to the United Kindgom were practically nill as only 70 packages were shipped to South Africa, but there was a new departure in the trade of great importance to the dairy industry, and that was the ever increasing demand from British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest for supplies, and the shipments to these points from May 1st, 1912, to November 30th, 1912, amounted to 166,250 packages, showing an increase of fully 50 per cent. as compared with the same period in 1911, and the prospects are that it will continue to grow larger owing to the rapid increase in the population throughout Canada. In addition to the above it will no doubt be important to the trade Dairy Butter. 120 THE BUTTER BUSINESS at large to know that British Columbia buyers have made con- tracts with New Zealand exporters for 80,000 packages of butter at 24%.C. to 24%.c. per pound f.o.b. port of shipment for delivery up to March, 1913. Regarding the English market, for the last 35 or 40 years, it has imported more or less Can- adian butter, our exports, seven years ago, amounting to over 573,000 packages, and in 1902 to over 539,000 packages, but in 1910 they fell away to about 28,000 packages, and this season they were the smallest since the year 1878. The shipments of butter from the port of Montreal for the past season amounted to 70 packages, as compared with 134,503 packages last year, a decrease of 134,433 packages. Placing the average price paid at 27c per pound or $16.20 per package, the total value of the season's exports amounted to $1,134, as compared with $1,732,398 last season, while the shipments this season to British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest amounted to 166,250 packages and gave a total value of $2,693,240. The receipts of butter in Montreal from May 1st, 1912, to November 30th, 1912, were 437,427 packages as com- pared with 469,949 from May 1st, 1911, to December 2nd, 1911. The stock of creamery butter in store in Montreal on December 2nd, 1912, was estimated at 85,909 packages. The following shows the exports of butter from Montreal, with the estimated value for a period of years:– Quantity Price plk.g.S. per plºg. Value. 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 $16. 20 $ 1,134 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * 134,503 12. 88 1,732,398 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,884 13. 16 366,753 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,443 12. 88 508,025 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.416 13.56 1,266,720 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,773 13. 30 888,080 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,400 13. 20 4,770,480 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573,449 12. 90 7,397,492 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,300 10.80 5,295,240 1903. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,277 12.00 4,059,324 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * 539,845 12. 50 - 6,748,262 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,000 14. 70 6,027,000 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 14.00 3,640,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 451,050 13. 30 5,998,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,000 13. 25 3,307,500 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200.000 12. 50 2,697,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,221 12. 25 1,800,000 THE BUTTEE BUSINESS 121 The following shows the shipments of butter in detail for a period of years:— - FOT tS. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. Bristol . . . . . . . . . . * * * * 59,579 17,009 25,160 53,476 26,309 . Liverpool . . . . . . . . tº e º & 21,133 4,466 2,347 6,677 14,045 London . . . . . . . . . sº e º e 48,925 3,937 7,572 26,371 19,244 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . tº ſº º e 4,066 1,197 3,474 5,294 6,052 South Africa. . . . . . 70 400 1,025 tº e º 1,598 Manchester . . . . . . tº gº tº gº tº tº G & 250 700 º e º ſº. Total . . . . . . . . 70 134,503 27,884 39,253 93,416 66,773 The fluctuations in prices during the seven months of the season, with a comparison with previous seasons, follow :- 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. High Low High Low High Low High Low C. C. C. C. C. C. C. ‘C. May . . . . . . . . 27 25 23 21% 25 22% 24% 21 June . . . . . . . 25% 24% 2.2% 22 22% 22 23 21% July . . . . . . . . 26% 25% 23 22% 22% 21% 22% 21% August . . . . . 26%. 26 23%. 22%. 23%. 21%. 23%. 21% September . . 28% 26 % 26 24% 24% 23% 24% 22% October . . . . . 30 28% 27 26% 24% 22% 24%. 23% November . . .30% 2814, 29 28% 24%. 23% 24% 24% . | With reference to butter W. Weddell & Co. say: The imports of Butter from the British oversea Dominions for the past year unfortunately again illustrates the uncertainty of supplies which necessarily attaches to enormous areas, like Australia, New Zealand and Canada, with their varied climates. The year which closed twelve months ago provided us from the British Dominions with the heaviest import on record, viz., 61,023 tons, while in the twelve months just ended only 52,857 tons arrived. This check in the import is very disappointing, notwithstanding the similar experiences in the past. The suc- cessive and enormous increases in the two preceding years of 14,440 and 14,386 tons respectively encouraged hopes of still further progress, and the sudden decline of 8,166 tons must be regarded as a very great misfortune. On the other hand it should not be overlooked that notwithstanding this decline, one- fourth of the butter imported into this country in the past year came from our kith and kin beyond the seas. A survey extend- 122 THE BUTTEF, BUSINESS ing backward for ten years shews the imports of British oversea butter to have more than doubled. If the three sources from which this butter comes be examined, there is, however, another cause for regret in the fact that Canada, the nearest of the Dominions to this Country, is evidently dropping out of the trade. Ten years ago over 13,000 tons of Canadian butter came to this Country, while twelve months ago the import had fallen to 776 tons. It is true this amount grew to nearly 3,000 tons in the past year; but the increase was due more to the exces- sively high prices ruling in the United Kingdom last autumn than to there being any real surplus of butter in Canada avail- able for export. Canadians were tempted by the high prices to ever-ship, but soon discovered that they had not enough left at home to supply their own requirements, and in the past winter had to import Australian and New Zealand butter in very large quantities, at higher prices than those they obtained for their own exports. For some time past every year has supplied sufficient evidence to prove that so far as butter is concerned, Canada is nearing the end of her export business. During last autumn, when she sent us 3,000 tons, it was principally to the ports of Bristol Channel and to Liverpool. On the London market, for the year ended with June, Canadian butter was not Once in sufficient supply to secure an Official Quotation. In recent years Canadian butter has been imported into this country mainly for cold storing to supply our winter requirements. In the future these requirements will have to be filled from Aus- tralia and New Zealand by fresh landed goods. This will be an advantage to the Home trade as well as to the Commonwealth and the Dominion of New Zealand, for however well butter may keep in cold store, it is not so palatable as when it is freshly made, and there is likely to be an increasing demand for the better article. An examiantion into the falling off in the imports of British Dominion butter from other parts of the Empire for the past year reveals the fact that this misfortune is due solely to the droughts in Australia, which brought about reductions in the export from Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia, amounting altogether to 10,718 THE BUTTER BUSINESS 123. fons. The increases of 2,221 tons from Canada and 331 tons from New Zealand reduced the net decrease to 8,166 tons. Whatever may be the reason, Australian butter has not given to Continental buyers of finest butter the same complete satisfaction as parcels from New Zealand. The unfortunate re-appearance of drought during the past season in some of the butter-making districts, however, rendered it impossible for Australia to keep up in those districts its usual standard of butter, otherwise there was an all-round advance in quality. With the present prospects of a coming fertile season, it is almost certain that Australian butter will show still further improvement. Owing to the great scarcity of butter in the United Kingdom, the prices of all qualities were forced so closely together that butter far below the highest quality made within a few shillings per cwt. of the best. In no previous year have the values of all grades been confined within so narrow a range as in that under review. The drought in Europe began to make itself felt in July, 1911, the very month when supplies of butter on European markets are at their greatest volume. When the drought commenced there were very large stocks of Australian in cold store in the United Kingdom on which owners were anticipating heavy losses, but almost as if by magic these were cleared out at a profit. By August, prices had risen to a most unusual height, Australian and all other kinds on the market making 10/- to 15/- per cwt. above the normal. In September values further advanced 7/- and for October the average price of “Choicest” was 132/. per cwt.—18/6 above October, 1910. During the first week in October, Australian reached its climax for the season—136/- per cwt. being made. The same week, Danish made 150/-. During these four months nothing from New Zealand was on our markets. In November, the first butter from the Dominion arrived, and the average price realized for the month was 131/- per cwt. ; Australian fell to 129/-. In December, New Zealand averaged 132/-, and Australian 128/-. In January, the highest price for New Zealand was reached, 136/- per cwt. being made, the average for the month being 134/9. Australian at this time reached . 124 THE BUTTER BUSINESS 134/-, the monthly average being 132/-. Towards the end of February; prices declined; the New Zealand average for the month being only 132/9 and Australian 130/-. The coal miners’ great strike began on 1st March, and before the end of that month it brought about a collapse in the butter market, the monthly average falling to 128/2 for New Zealand and 124/10 for Australian. The slump in values continued, and the April average for New Zealand was down to 117/6 and to 114/6 for Australian. Further reductions followed, and in May, New Zealand butter averaged 20/9 and Australian 22/10 below January. In June, the average for New Zealand recovered fractionally, but Australian remained practically at the May level. The lowest prices reported during the season were 108/- for New Zealand, and 106/- for Australian in May. The average prices for the whole season—which are records in each case—were 125/8 per cwt. for New Zealand and 121/9 for Australian, or 16/7 and 16/9 respectively in excess of the previous season’s averages. & The process of Pasteurisation in the manufacture of butter has been more perfected and more widely applied in New Zealand, and the general result has been a further all-round improvement in quality. This improvement is specifically noticeable in the texture and keeping properties of butter. Factories in whose outputs defects on these two points, were formerly noticeable are now free from these faults. The peculiar flavour of “cowiness” has been very largely reduced, and in certain factories, altogether removed. “Fishiness” during the past season, has been practically absent. It may be truly said that during the past season the quality of New Zealand butter has been the best ever known. As an illustra- tion of this great improvement, there may be noted the large increase in the successful manufacture of butter without salt and without any other preservative, for consumption on the Continent of Europe. Among many authorities there was con- siderable doubt as to the practicability of this trade being catered for on an extended scale, but experience has proved that, with the greater care now used in the treatment of cream, THE BUTTER BUSINESS - 125 it is possible to ship to Europe with success New Zealand and Australian butter, prepared without preservatives. So long as the cream is not allowed to become over ripe before pasteurisa- .tion takes place, the butter if properly treated may be relied upon to give satisfaction. The process, however, is a scientific one and cannot be left to guesswork, but must be carried out with strict accuracy in all details to ensure success. It is es- timated that some 23,000 tons of Australian butter, prepared without the use of salt or preservative went to the Continent. Most of this butter was made in New Zealand, and to have Jmanufactured successfully on so large a scale, with com- paratively so little practical experience, is an achievement of which New Zealand butter-makers may well be proud. The total supplies of butter on our markets from all Sources outside the British Dominions during the past ten years have been three and half times more than those from within the Dominions, but whereas ten years ago this excess was 152,500 tons it is now only 94,500 although the total importa- tions were alike in 1903 and 1912. During these years the figures relating to these competing sources of supply are note- worthy by reason of the reduction in foreign having been so exactly balanced by the increase from within the Empire. The exact figures are a decrease of 28,982 tons against an increase of 28,991 tons in Colonial. As might be expected under the droughty conditions of the past year the amount of Foreign butter received was only 147,338 tons, which is the smallest Import since the year 1901. Every European country, except Norway, sent us less, Denmark leading off with a shortage of 7,891 tons, France coming second with 6,332 tons. Then follows Sweden with 1,548 tons, Holland with 935 tons, Italy with 205 tons, and Germany with 157 tons. Norway sent an increase of 320 tons. Other foreign sources outside of Europe shew increases. Argentine receipts were 1,671 tons more, Siberian 556 tons, and United States 257 tons. The total deficiency from all foreign countries was 14,429 tons compared with the previous year. Our Dominion supplies were 8,166 tons short, making a total falling off in imported butter last year of 22,595 tons. - 1.6 THE BUTTER BUSINESS The following shows the importations of Canadian and other butter into the United Kingdom for the past decade:– Year New Total ended Can- Aus- Zea- Colo- United Den- Total Grand June 30, ada. tralia. land. nial. States. mark. Foreign. Total. 1912. . . . 2,997 33,677 16,183 52,857 795 80,398 147,338 200,195 1911 . . . . 776 44,395 15,852 61,023 538 88,379 161,767 222,790 1910. . . . 1,162 28,770 16,705 46,637 4 84,632 164,327 210,964 1909. . . . 2,386 16,180 13,631 32,197 1,201 93,050 178,378 210,575 1908. . . . 1,862 22,396 11,492 35,750 884 91,248 165,384 201,134 1907. . . . 8,220 34,023 14,852 57,095 3,367 87,273 162,182 219,277 1906. . . . 15,145 26,950 15,177 57,275 8,445 81,261 158,221 215,493 1905. . . . 12,847 23,368 15,667 51,882 2,367 83,520 152,015 203,897 1904. . . . 9,879 19,655 15,836 45,370 2,190 88,150 173,573 218,343 1903. . . . 13,238 1,053 9,575 23,866 2,490 88,903 176,320 200,136 1902. . . . 11,491 7,449 8,295 27,235 4,894 82,757 160,672 187,907 1901. . . . 7,532 15,556 8,912 32,000 6,600 75,664. 143,459 175,459 1900. . . . 11,932 17,653 7,949 37,534 4,379 71,708 133,957 171,491 1899. . . . 3,151 9,764 4,528 22,443 5,783 74,977 142,193 164,630 1898. . . . 5,962 7,337 3,933 17,732 5,772 69,051. 141,426 159,158 - º -- - - º -º- º £º º º Drillers Working in Canadian Northern Railway—Mount Royal Tunnel–3 º Miles Long. For Reliable News READ THE GAZETTE MONTREAL ESTABLISHED 1778 SMEATON WHITE, President A Wonderful Battery of Printing Presses - --~~ ñ|ID Y O U ever see Twenty- Three large cylinder presses, ------------- Nº e a ch with its individual | motor, in two rooms side by * side 2 This is what you can see in The Gazette, besides a number of smaller platen presses. These presses are all latest patterns, partly fitted with automatic feeders, some printing two colors on one press, and others printing two sides on the one machine. [.. What does this press ca- pacity mean P. It means we can take care of all the work that comes along and still have capacity for more. [I You take no chance of being late with your catalogue or any other kind of Pºint"& " " (Gazette printing Qin. pl a c e your orders with The Gazette. tº 38 ST. ANTOINE ST. Tintifeh M O N T R E A L, CAN. Montreal The Leader L] c. A year ago there was a marked increase in the exports of butter and cheese from the port of New York for the eleven months ending November 30th, while this year for the same period they have been quite the reverse, which is attributed to the fact that prices for both butter and cheese have been away above export basis in the United States and especially so from Canadian Pacific Ry. Station, showing Floral Display. Thousands of packages of Seeds and Bulbs are distributed annually over their System. the opening of the new season’s make in May up to the end of November. The exports of butter from New York from January 1st, 1912, to November 30th, 1912, were 2,232,100 pounds, as compared with 4,638,400 pounds for the same period in 1911, showing a decrease of 2,406,300 pounds, while the exports of cheese this year for the eleven months amounted to 2,331,060 pounds as against 9,424,581 a year ago, showing a 130 MONTREAL THE LEADER decrease of 7,093,521 pounds. Montreal still maintains its supremacy as far as the exports of cheese is concerned as she exported from May 1st, 1912, to November 30th, 1912, 1,723,- 021 boxes or 141,287,122 pounds of cheese, but she has lost her lead in the export butter business as the shipments this season only amounted to 70 packages or 4,200 pounds, as compared with 134,503 packages or 7,532,168 pounds for the correspond- ing period last year. The following show the exports of cheese and butter from Montreal for a period of years:– tº $ tº $ is tº g s p & & e º e º is e s s a * * * * * * g g g g e e s e e s = e º e • e º e º e s e º 'º e e s e e e < e º ºs * @ e º e a e g º e * * s g º & & e º e : # tº e ∈ E & e g º º * * * * tº e s e º e e e g º & © & © tº e e is e e º 'º e º a tº e e º is e º e º º e a e º ºs e < c, e s s a tº • * * * * * * * * * e e º 'º e º 'º º e º e º e º 'º e º e s e e s º ºs e s e º e < * * & e º me tº $ & s tº it is e s & g g º º sº e s is & e s & s s & 2 & 4 * * * * * * e º ſe e * * * * * g & e º 'º º º e º & 8 tº e º s = e º e º e º e s s e s s e = e º e º ºs e e # * * * * * e º 'º tº e e º e º 'º e s º e s a tº º e º is a g º e e * is 9 & 4 tº º e º 'º º e º e s tº a tº e º e º 'º e g g g g g s tº e $ tº # 4 tº $ tº £ tº e • * * * * * * * * * tº º is e & & © e º º tº e º 'º $ tº $ tº ſº e * * * * * * e º e s tº & G & & e s e º 'º & e º e º ſº tº $ tº gº • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº $ tº dº tº e º te tº tº tº tº e º is is a e º º & ſº tº £ tº tº e º ſº tº s is tº e s e º is tº e * * * * * * * * * * tº e º g º 'º e º g º e ∈ * & e º € $ # 3 & e º 'º e º e º e º & & g e * e º e s tº s s a tº º e º 'º e º ſº a º e º & tº º e º 'º tº $ tº $ tº a # ſº tº e º e º e º $ tº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g º e * e º e º e º ſº e g is tº # 3 tº $ e º a gº tº gº tº e e s tº º º & © tº e e º º e º ſº tº e º º & * & e º g º e º ºs e º 'º º tº t e s e tº tº e º e s tº $ tº g º º e º e º is * * * * * g º e º e º ºs º g g º e s ∈ e º º tº e º gº tº $ tº a e º ſº e g º e º e º $ tº $ tº e e e s tº e º e º 'º e º g e º e º ºs e º s gº º tº e º º ſº e º $ tº gº tº º ºs e º ºs º º * * * * * e º a tº º e º e º 'º g º e s e s e # * g g º dº & e º is tº e º e º e º 'º gº & 6 & tº e g e º e º a tº e º te e º e º 'º e º & º e e e º º te tº t e º e º is tº e º is tº e º is & e tº g g º e º ſº $ tº e º e º 'º e º e º & 8 & # e e º e s tº e º e º 'º e e g º ºs e e s e s & s & e º ºs e s is e s tº e º e º s s º e º º º e e º e s e º is a e º is e e º e g º º e º º Cheese Boxes 1,723,021 1,810,666 1,892,235 1,872,215 1,785,696 1,973,417 2,227,838 2,121,101 2,114,639 2,395,932 2,109,171 1,791,613 2,077,482 1,896,496 1,888,785 2,102,985 1,726,226 1,716,007 1,726,058 1,682,946 1,608,353 1,352,670 1,486,220 1,157,854 1,134,349 1,104,065 891,065 1,076,601 1,108,448 859,812 677,211 551,847 507,009 518,249 467,676." Butter Pkgs. 70 134,503 27,884 39,443 93,416 66,773 361,400 573,449 490,300 338,277 539,845 410,893 356,563 451,050 278,922 225,268 157,321 69,664 32,137 76,914 103,139 81,801 30,142 41,957 16,528 60,353 54,263 66,545 108,137 92,764 64,620 130,481 194,366 180,322 106,899 MONTREAL THE LEADER. 131 From New York the exports for a period of years during an eleven months’ period ending November 30, are as follows:— Butter lbs. Cheese lbs. 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,232,100 2,331,060 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,638,400 9,424,581 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958,550 2,276,343 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528,750 4,353,000 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,576,250 11,892,060 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617,410 11,541,140 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,355,900 23,474,040 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,296,500 12,889,860 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,295,500 22,170,060 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,526,750 25,991,680 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,332,305 21,467,440 1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,990,290 30,542,560 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,431,950 45,192,300 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,410,250 30,423,320 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,114,450 30,262,550 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,817,500 48,742,890 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,113,155 39,011,314 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,464,752 38,212,327 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,608,214 62,956,637 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331,611 59,275,787 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,970,420 80,536,340 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,468,545 70,849,871 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,042,823 79,735,544 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,981,917 77,643,238 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,264,822 82,677,061 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,245,545 80,176,258 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,057,187 85,959,622 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,306,985 91,771,106 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,883,540 103,958,569 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,612,679 109,485,199 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,212,934 105,946,726 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .º, e = * 15,859,485 140,856,149 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,030,908 129,524,180 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,464,753 136,665,047 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,394,717 145,486,910 — THE — Montreal Warehousing Co’y. Directors: Storage Capacity: Warehouse “A,” Wellington E. J. CHAMBERLIN, President arell'OUISC elling . G. KELLEY, Vice-President | St., 400,000 Bushels. Elevator VVNW. VVAINVVRIGHT H g “B,” Windmill Point, 1,000,000 W. M. RAMSAY, Bushels. Elevator “C,” Mill St., NW. NM REYNOLDS GEO. H. HANNA, Manager and 600,000 Bushels. Secretary. } C. B. ESDAILE NORNMAN VVIGHT Wight & Esdaile \\ ū GRAIN and FREIGHT BROKERS ROOMS 3O5, 3O6 & 3OTZ BOA R D OF TRADE BUILDING, MONTREAL The Export Grain Trade D] E] Dil A remarkable feature of the export grain trade from the port of Montreal for the season 1912 is the fact that not one bushel of American corn was exported while a year ago over 5,890,000 bushels were shipped. This is attributed to the short crop in the United States last year and the very high prices at which corn ruled throughout the export season from here, but notwithstanding this fact the season has been a most satis- factory one, and the volume of business done is the largest for a number of years past, which is due to a great extent to the great improvements of the harbour and the facilities for handling the grain, but more so to the fact, that prices for most lines of grain in Canada and the United States were nearly all the time throughout the season on export basis, consequently exporters were in a position to do a much larger business, and In consequence the season on the whole was an active and profitable one to all concerned in the trade. The bulk of the business was done in wheat, the total shipments being 30,971,- 057 bushels as compared with 18,122,042 for the season 1911, showing an increase of 12,849,015 bushels. There was also a good demand for Canadian oats and the exports amount to 6,523,969 bushels, showing an increase of 740,926 bushels as compared with last year’s figures. The shipments of barley were also much larger, they being 1,214,934 bushels as against 60,707 bushels a year ago, an increase of 1,154,227 bushels. The total exports of all grains for the season amounted to 38,918,264 bushels as compared with 29,893,184 for the season 1911, showing an increase of 9,025,080 bushels. With reference to the shippers, Messrs. Wight & Esdaile heads the list again this year with a total of 13,683,412 bushels, and Messrs. Thomson & Earle come second with a total of 9,202,324 bushels, while Messrs. Norris & Co. take third place with a total of 5,019,866 bushels. The following table shows the volume of business done by grain exporters and their representatives during the season 1912, from the port of Montreal:— Wheat. Corn. Peas. Oats. Barley. Rye. Buckwheat. Flaxseed. Total. Bush. , Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. 1912. Wight & Esdaile . . . . . . . . 11,517,922 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,439,437 510,835 169,170 . . . . . . 1,048 13,638,412 Thomson & Earle. . . 7,954,594 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117,328 92,316 . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,086 9,202,324 Norris & Company . 4,464,481 . . . . . . . . . . . . 555,385 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,019,866 British Empire Grain Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . 2,789,489 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,014 328,454 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,217,957 Jas. Carruthers & Co., Ltd. 2,953,493 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,500 141,668 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,104,661 A. McFee & Co. . . . . . . . . 897,323 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,871,422 95,945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,864,690 Quintal & Lynch, Limited. .. 315,743 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,397,571 20,349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,733,663 Crane & Baird. . • • 78,012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,367 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,379 Robinson, Oliver Grain Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,312 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,312 Total, 1912. ... 30,971,057 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,523,969 1,214,934 169,170 . . . . . . 39,134 38,918,264 1911 ... 18,122,042 5,890,674 9,166 5,783,043 '60,707 . . . . . . 25,911 16,290 29,893,184 1910 . . . 20,239,412 2,700,638 28,168 3,304,588 445,319 . . . . . . 141,143 . . . . . . 26,859,268 1909 . . . 25,939,705 479,496 57,810 473,048 583,020 67,889 192,651 165,776 27,959,395 1908 . . . 28,303,982 317,641 273,373 205,647 1,266,067 333,682 65,763 654,563 31,421,082 1907 . . . 21,148,592 4,804,893 179,677 4,113,459 858,316 144,895 48,903 1,484,283 32,783,018 1906 . . . 14,469,187 4,602,085 130,335 3,147,268 1,032,586 105,148 150,276 3,175,722 26,812,607 1905 . . . ... 10,579,035 5,745,489 47,930 2,661,537 2,276,830 121,023 37,797 . . . . . . 13,455,413 1904 . . . . . . . 7,425,308 3,969,028 136,505 1,253,693 836,864 4,972 112,043 . . . . . . 13,455,413 1903 . . . 15,891,946 7,269,171 226,755 1,119,262 295,523 594,799 76,151 115,569 25,588,906 1902 . . . 16,951,132 237,328 406,543 1,850,005 246,336 895,763 163,452 354,471 21,105,080 1901 . . . 13,630,801 4,087,964 691,202 2,239,638 597,645 765,422 89,383 670,399 22,923,394 1900 ... 10,510,467 11,888,534 1,666,711 4,684,490 1,096,945 554,720 306,621 113,423 30,721,951 1899 ... 10,198,927 13,709,538 1,272,701 4,000,986 1,118,115 403,600 168,756 732,916 31,191,551 The following table shows the exports of grain from the port of Montreal to the different foreign ports from May 1st to the close of navigation, 1912:— : F’OrtS: — London .. Liverpool Bristol . . . . Manchester . . e - 4 º' Glasgow e tº - e. e tº tº tº e & © 6 tº we - - • * Antwerp . . Rotterdam Leith . . Hull . |Hamburg . . Eelfast . . Dublin Denmark Emden Syracuse . . Marseilles Naples . . AVonmouth . . Dundee . . South Africa. . Havre . . Mexico Cardiff Total Total. Wheat. Oats. Barley. Rye. Elaxseed Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. 1912. 6,673,560 1,573,276 8,333 . . . . . . 28,000 8,283,169 4,780,676 777,905 16,856 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,575,437" 3,427,407 1,123,651 396,324 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,947,382 3,280,308 1,141,687 26,681 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,448,676 3,148,283 842,786 490,265 134,855 . . . . . . 4,642,533 2,260,507 185,027 38,094 • - - - - - 11,134 2,483,628 1,476,348 37,105 31,929 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,545,382 1,300,865 . . . . . . 25,000 34,285 . . . . . . 1,400,150 1,290,304 175,041 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,465,345 870,499 28,235 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898,734 520,679 376,292 156,085 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,053,056 679,793 256,044 . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . 935,837 190,137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,137 281,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,600 221,682 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,682 101,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,600 117,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,000 174,457 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,457 63,800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,800 23,928 • * * * * * * * * * * * > . . . . . . . . . . . 23,928 32,444 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,444. s & e º & 6 6,920 25,367 & © - - - - & e º e º 'º 32,287 30,971,057 6,523,969 1,214,934 169,170 39,134 38,918,264 Total. 1911. 7,129,999 4,723,162 4,321,463 2,506,473 4,221,992 2,558,204 1,001,013 1,522,904 849,047 752,922 478,309 e - © tº e & & e º 'º e sº e e - e s s e º 'º e º e & - © tº º tº 29,893,184 136 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE THE ONTARIO GRAIN CROP FOR 1912. The Ontario Department of Agriculture issued the follow- ing statement concerning crop conditions at the end of November, 1912:— - The following statements give the area and yields of the principal field crops of Ontario for 1912. The areas have been compiled from individual returns of farmers and the yields by a special staff in each township in addition to regular crop correspondents of the Department of Agriculture: Fall wheat—759,888 acres yielded 15,039,885 bushels, or 19.8 per acre, as compared with 17,926,586 and 21.4 in 1911. The annual average per acre for 31 years was 21.0. Spring wheat—123,080 acres yielded 2,301,339 bushels, or 18.7 per acre, as compared with 2,295,534 and 17.2 in 1911. Annual average, 16.0. Barley—647,382 acres yielded 19,232,275 bushels, or 29.7 per acre, as compared with 16,248,129 and 26.3 in 1911. Annual average 27.8. - Oats—2,601,735 acres yielded 98,444,807 bushels, or 37.8 per acre, as compared with 84,829,232 and 31.4 in 1911. Annual average, 35.6. Rye-105,949 acres yielded 1,839,675 bushels, or 17.4 per acre, as compared with 1,562,971 and 15.8 in 1911. Annual average, 16.4. - Buckwheat—205,893 acres yielded 5,404,796 bushels, or 26.3 per acre, as compared with 3,852,231 and 20.4 in 1911. Annual average, 20.7. Peas—221,524 acres yielded 3,667,005 bushels, or 16.6 per acre, compared with 4,462,182 and 14.7 in 1911. Annual average 19.2. Beans—69,703 acres yielded 1,182,132 bushels, or 17.0 per acre, as compared with 898,212 and 17.4 in 1911. Annual average, 17.2. -- Mixed grains—448,402 acres yielded 16,392,161 bushels, or 36.6 per acre, as compared with 14,845,595 and 30.5 in 1911. Average (6 years), 33.9. THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 137 Corn for husking—301,251 acres yielded 21,969,468 bushels (in the ear), or 72.9 per acre, as compared with 21,913,290 and 71.1 in 1911. Corn for silo–377,982 acres yielded 3,969,597 tons (green), or 10.50 tons per acre, as compared with 3,764,227 and 11.21 in 1911. Hay and clover (including Alfalfa)–3,367,369 acres yielded 5,220,713 tons, or 1.55 per acre as against 4,238,362 tons, and 1.28 in 1911. Annual average, 1.46. º º: ºº- - - | º . Wheat ready to cut, Mirror District, Alberta.-Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Thomson & EARLE AM \M GRAIN and FREIGHT BROKERS 23O EOARD OF TRADE BUILDING, MONTREAL * Norris & Company | Grain Exporters Coristine Building, - - - MONTREAL Board of Trade, - - - CHICAGO Grain Exchange, - - - WINNIPEG The 20th Century Is Canada's. THE RESOURCES OF CANADA are illimitable. The wealth of her Farms, Fruit Areas, Forests, Fisheries and Mines is a wonder of the twentieth Century. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA in the last decade is one of the marvels of modern times. THE OPPORTUNITY IN CANADA is the oppor- tunity of to-day. Her broad acres invite the land- hungry; her free farms call for settlers; her front door is wide open to willing workers, while wealth and a welcome await those who come. If not satisfied with your present position write for illustrated pamphlets about Canada to W. D. SCOTT, Superintendent of Immigration, OTTA WA, CANADA. British Empire Graim Co. LIMITED G R A I N Exporters Grain Exchange amº sº £º WINNIPEC Board of Trade - - - MONTREAL Produce Exchange sº ºf &=º gº NEW YORK Melady & Company Grain Exporters º Members of New York Produce Exchange, Chicago Board of Trade, Winnipeg Grain Exchange, Montreal Board of Trade and Montreal Corn Exchange. TORONTO, º tº a * - CANADA. Montreal Agents, ſº WIGHT & ESDAILE Cable Address : “CARRUTH' Jas. Carruthers & Co. LIMITED G RAIN EXPORTERS Board of Trade Building, Montreal Board of Trade Building, Toronto Grain Exchange, - - Winnipeg MONTREAL, WINNIPEG and TORONTO Lukis, Stewart & Co. I N S U R A N C E Special facilities for Grain in Elevators and Goods in Warehouse PHoNE MAIN 5148 232 ST. JAMES STREET - MONTREAL The Gazette As a Newspaper UNRIVAL LED As an advertising medium, circulating amongst people with money, its returns excel all others Subscription $6.00 per year Established 1778 Smeaton White, President Telephone Main 1380 N. CLARE WIGHT G RAIN 114 Board of Trade Bldg. MONTREAL. Montreal Telephone, Main 4859 Head Office in England: Brunswick St., Liverpool. DOMINION BUILDINGS Samuel D. McTrustrey & Co. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN F A R M P R O DU CE E X P O R T E R S a n d IMPORTERS Depots in all the Leading Markets in Great Britain. 309 ST. JAMES ST., MONTREAL J. C. BISAILLON, Manager. º: º: Grand Trunk Pacific Grain Elevator on the Mission Terminal at West Fort William. Capacity 5,750, ooo bushels. T H E 0gilvie Flour Mills Co. LIMITED BY ROYAL APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING DALLY MILLING CAPACITY * M O N T R E A L ROYAL MILLS, water power, Flour 3- * tº- 6,000 Bbls. GLENORA MILLS, water power, Flour sº tº - 2,500 “ CITY MILLS, water power, Corn Products sº gºs 2,000 “ WIN N IPE G WINNIPEG MILLS No. 1, Electric Power, Flour Gº 3,000 “ WINNIPEG MILLS No. 2, Electric Power, Oat Products - 500 “ FORT WILLIAM MILLS, Electric Power - tº - 3,000 “ MEDICINE HAT MILLS, Natural Gas, Flour gº 3,000 “ TOTAL DAILY CAPACITY sº- tº tº 20,000 Bbls. The Company own and operate, in addition to the above [mills, 120 Elevators distributed throughout Manitoba and the North West, having a storage capacity of 4,000,000 bushels, which, with Terminal Elevators at Winnipeg and Montreal and including a $1,000,000 bushel Elevator at Fort William, gives them a total storage capacity of upwards of 6,500,000 bushels. Head Office, - - - MONTREAL DIRECTORS C. R. HOSMER, W. A. BLACK, President. Vice-President and Managang Director SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN, President Merchants' Bank of Canada. H. S. HOLT, President Montreal{Light, Heat and Power Co. SHIRLEY OGILVIE, Director Canadian Rubber Co. CHARLES CHAPUT, of L. Chaput, Fils & Cie GEORGE E. DRUMMOND, of Drummond, McCall & Co. The Export Flour Trade c. c. AN important feature of the Cana- dian milling industry during the past season was the fact that some of the leading millers of Montreal and in Ontario were obliged to import wheat from the United States in the month of September, owing to the great scarcity of high grades of Manitoba spring wheat and Ontario winter wheat and the very high prices at Old Dutch Windmill, which it was held until the new Near Goderich. crop of 1912 commenced to be mar- keted on a liberal scale in the Canadian Northwest. The amount of wheat imported from the United States was about 500,000 bushels of Duluth No. 1 Northern spring wheat, which millers at the time claimed that it was laid down at the mills at a much lower price than Manitoba No. 1 North- ern spring wheat or Ontario winter wheat could be bought at. This wheat was all ground in bond, and the product of it was used to fill export orders with, which is the first time in many years past that Canadian millers have had to import American wheat. The wheat laid down at Ontario mills is said to have cost 93 cents and 95 cents per bushel in bond. It was in a fine dry condition, and turned out an excellent grade of ex- port flour, suitable for the English trade. With reference to the export trade in flour from the port of Montreal for the season 1912, the volume of business done has not been as large as that of last year, which is attributed to the fact that there was not sufficient ocean tonnage avail- able to many of the ports, although the rates were considerably higher, and in order for millers to fill their contracts they had to turn their attention in many instances to the United States for ocean tonnage, consequently if the exports of Canadian flour from the latter ports were added to those from here, the volume of business would probably be the largest in the his. tory of the trade. The total exports from the port of Mont- 146 THE EXPORT FLOUR TRADE real for the season 1912 amounted to 2,156,227 sacks and 174,- 374 barrels, as compared with 2,217,365 sacks and 186,470 barrels last season, showing a decrease of 61,138 sacks and 12,- 096 barrels. The export trade in cereals has also been smaller than last year, the shipments of meal in sacks being 12,377 less than in 1911, but in addition to the above there were also shipped 55,212 cases this season as against nil last year. The exports of rolled oats show a decrease of 20,744 cases and 9,532 sacks as compared with a year ago. The course of prices in the local market for Manitoba spring wheat flour during the first six months of the season was remarkably steady. On May 1st, choice spring wheat patent opened at $5.80, and second patents at $5.30 per barrel in bags, which prices were 50c per barrel higher than the open- ing figures on May 1st, 1911, and these values were maintained until November 4th, when new crop spring wheat flour com- menced to be offered more freely, and owing to the much lower prices for the raw material at the same time than a year ago. millers reduced flour prices 20 cents per barrel to $5.60 for choice patents and to $5.10 for seconds, which figures ruled up to November 16th, when another decline of 20 cents per bar- rel was made to $5.40 for choice patents, and to $4.90 for second patents. Headgates in Irrigation Canal, near Calgary, Alberta.-Canadian Pacific Railway. * The following table shows the principal shippers of flour, oatmeal, and rolled oats from the port of Montreal for the season 1912, with comparisons:— . Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd. L. Of Woods Mill. Co., Ltd.. "Western Canada, Flour Mills Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maple Leaf Flour Mills Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dominion Flour Mills . . . . . Stewart, Munn & Co. . . . . . Quintal & Lynch, Ltd. . . . . . Grand Trunk Railway Canadian Pacific Railway. . Through Shipments Total e tº ſº º $ tº e is 1912 1911 g Rolled Rolled Folled Rolled Flour, Flour, Meal, Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, Flour. Meal, Oats, Oats, Sacks. Bbls. Sacks. Cases. Cases. Sacks. Sacks. EblS. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. 318,207 35,945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335,089 62,903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,397 11,400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,292 20,625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,584 16,394 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354,024 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,350 4,218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,104 22,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,600 7,505 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,051 5,822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,823 • * . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • 31,220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ſº e & © & tº 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,048 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,631 58,931 51,213 27,000 61,000 67,432 493,479 24,170 57,781 43,915 91,618 532,654 86,931 38,000 28,212 55,278 55,438 661,862 3,475 43,809 86,118 27,185 29,013 174,374 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615,109 14,912 . . . . . . 6,989 13,599 1,827,421 409,726 89,213 55,212 116,278 122,870 2,217,365 186,470 101,590 137,022 132,402 The following table shows the exports of flour, oatmeal, and rolled oats from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1912, with comparisons:— # 1912 1911 Folled Rolled Folled Rolled Flour, Flour, Meal, Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, Flour. Meal, Oats, Oats, Sacks. Bbls. Sacks. Cases. Cases. Sacks. Sacks. |Bbls. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574,819 10,746 12,800 44,149 10,545 596,785 . . . . . . 14,398 49,909 28,626 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449,225 40,177 10,000 . . . . . . 4,150 495,423 . . . . . . 42,207 14,818 8,100 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287,504 e is º e º 'º e s e º e s 470 18,330 297,102 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,522 25 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,322 7,870 17,335 33,717 3,150 190,141 . . . . . . 5,550 41,007 7,242 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,961 19,850 13,100 4,475 8,198 82,979 . . . . . . 13,473 2,720 9,282 IBelfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,334 2,750 1,977 . . . . . . 6,039 131,422 . . . . . . 4,705 . . . . . . 800 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,240 1,695 1,595 2,620 126,668 . . . . . . 2,824 2,494 6,000 Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,374 e = e s e e g g g e º s e º e º e s = * * 9,912 186,090 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,196 850 800 3,320 33,347 . . . . . . 1,820 825 4,665 Dundee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,080 . . . . . . 1,200 . . . . . . . . . . . . Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,204 g 2,700 3,210 50,574 38,822 . . . . . . 300 2,140 39,829 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,996 380 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 . . . . . . 2,048 320 1,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,300 2,110 Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,295 s & e e º e s e e s e e º e º e º & 8 & © e º 8,098 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,563 . . . . . . 1,625 13,864 27,044 181,690 . . . . . . 14,338 3,287 25,723 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,051 700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 . . . . . . 500 100 . . . . . . Havre * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,156,227 174,374 89,213 55,212 116,278 122,870 2,217,365 186,470 101,590 137,022 132,402 LAKE OF THE W 00 DS Milling Company, Limited. Established 1888 Millers of Manitoba Hard Wheat Flours ** Not Bleached—Not Blended ?” Daily Capacity, sº gº 10,500 Barrels. OFFIC E R S : President and Man. Director, FRANK S. MEIGHEN Vice-President, Wm. W. HUTCHISON DIRECTO R S : HON. ROBERT MACKAY ABNER KING MAN ROBERT REFORD R. M. BALLANTYNE GEORGE V. HASTINGS TANCREDE BIENVENUE J. K. L. ROSS Secretary, F. E. BRAY Assist.-Secretary, R. NEILSON Treasurer, T. F. McNALLY Head Office: Lake of the Woods Building, M O N T R E A L St. Lawrence Flour Mills Company, Limited St. Lawrence Flour Four brands of equal purity a REGAL NATIONAL LAURENTIA DAILY BREAD Made in the most modern and best equipped mills of North America, at the cheapest point of distribution in the world. M I L L S A T Lachine Canal, Montreal, Canada. O FF I C E S . 1110 Notre Dame St. West, MONTREAL. G. A. GRIER, Lieut.-Col. A. E. LABELLE, President General Manager WESTERN CANADA FLOUR MILLS COMPANY., LIMITED PURITY FLOUR. MORE BREAD AND BETTER BREAD DALLY MILLING CAPACITY, 7,OOO BARRELS Also own and operate 100 elevators situated in the best wheat producing districts of the Can- adian West. MILLS WINNIPEG, Man. BRANDON, Man. GODERICH, Ont. Head Office: - - - TORONTO BRANCHES Montreal, St. John, N.B., Goderich, Ottawa, Fort William, Winnipeg, Brandon and Vancouver. A. KELLY, President, S. A. McGAW, Vice-President, General Manager. Montreal Stock Yards Company MONTREAL, QUE. Located on the Tracks of the Grand Trunk Railway System Extensive Improvements Completed. New Hog Pens. New Cattle Sheds. Yards Replanked and Enlarged. Horse Stables Renovated. The Most Comfortable and Complete Stock Yards and Horse Stables in the Dominion of Canada. Lighted throughout with Electricity. F.H. EARLIN MANº. - HE Montreal Stock Yards Company, which is situated at Point St. Charles, in the City of Montreal, was organized many years ago for the accommodation of shippers of Live Stock from all points East and West, and also for the sale of the same, and it is now recognized as the leading West End Market. These Yards are closely connected with the Grand Trunk Railway, and are therefore very convenient to Shippers, as all live stock can be unloaded on the premises. Owing to the steady increase in the volume of business during the past year, the Company has erected a first- class double-decked market with all the latest improvements, for the sale and handling of all local and export live stock, and also for the convenience of Butchers. The ground floor of the above is used for the sale of cattle and the second floor for the sale of sheep, lambs, calves, and hogs. In addition to the above this Company has also added to their already extensive plant, a new abattoir which has been fitted up with all the latest improved machinery. This abattoir has a capacity for killing 3,000 head of cattle, 5,000 hogs and sheep and calves per week. Besides the above, they have also put in a new electric plant which supplies the light to all the different departments. Give us a trial and you will not be disappointed. W. MANN, F. H. CARLIN, President. General Supt. and Sec.-Treas. Canada's Live Stock Trade CANAPA’s export live stock trade from the port of Mont- real has practically fallen away to almost nothing ºf \º as the total shipments º: º ſº for the season 1912 only ** **, º amounted to 6,465 head º of cattle and 178 head of sheep, which figures, as compared with, those for the season 1911, show a decrease of 39,501 head of cattle and 3,547 sheep, and in fact they are the smallest on record in the history of the trade, as in the year 1877 the exports were 6,940 head of cattle and 9,509 sheep, and when we look back to the year 1903 the decrease is enormous as in that year the shipments were 147,216 head of cattle and 61,017 sheep which were the largest during the past thirty-six years, while in 1906 they amounted to 128,160 head of cattle and 10,791 sheep, and in 1890 to 123,136 head of cattle and 43,372 sheep. The remarkable falling off in this department of the export trade of Canada is attributed principally to the great scarcity of cattle in the United States during the past two years and particularly in 1912, while the production in Canada and specially in Ontario has been larger than ever, but the home consumption has been much greater, and this, coupled with the very high prices ruling for cattle in the Chicago market, viz: Life on the Farm. 154 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE $10.00 to $10.50 per 100 lbs. for choice steers, American buyers were in a position to draw considerable of their supplies from Canada for domestic consumption as prices in the Toronto market during the past season have been from $3.00 to $4.00 per 100 lbs. lower than the above, consequently the duty of 2C per lb., which amounts to $25 to $27 per head, was easily paid, and shipments throughout the summer were made from the Canadian Northwest to Chicago and from Toronto to Buffalo, and in addition to this a large percentage of the cattle shipped from United States ports were Canadian. UNITED STATES SITUATION. The American National Live Stock Association is taking the initiative in what it hopes to make the most enthusiastic campaigns among cattle raisers and farmers ever known in the United States. A call has been issued for a convention at Phoenix, Ariz., January 14 to 16. It points to the situation as being acute because of the fact that there is less live stock per capita in the country than ever before, and that on account of the limited supply of such stock there will undoubtedly be an attempt by the next Congress to place all the products of the farmer and stockman on the free list. The declaration is made that such action could give only temporary relief, if any at all, and that it would tend to lessen the production of live stock in the country, which is the last thing to be desired. Officials and members of the association are emphasizing the fact that as late as 1905 the issue was “A Greater Foreign Market for Our Meat Products,” and only seven years later such a propo- 'sition looks like a joke. It is declared that farmers can be shown and must be shown that they are in error in assuming that their lands are “too valuable * for stock raising purposes. Action is urged for Securing the enactment of national laws that will give the use of the grazing lands of the vast public domain to cattle raisers on equitable terms. It is asserted that the country has never reached its maximum capacity in the production of meat animals and that it can be increased from CANADA's LIVE stock TRADE - 155. 50 to 100 per cent “without taxing our resources in the slight- est.” When the United States Department of Agriculture issued its estimates of production of grain and feed crops for 1912, indicating high record yields for nearly everything, they were attended by hopes and even predictions that such a supply meant cheaper feeding for all live stock and a result would be a decline in the prices of meats. Trade experts are now assert- ing that such predictions were fallacious and are offering live stock statistics as proof of what they say. There is no dispute as to the supply of feedstuffs, but the present trouble is the Cattle Raising in Alberta—Canadian Pacific Railway. lack of cattle, hogs and sheep. This is clearly shown by the records of the eight principal receiving markets of the country. DECREASED CATTLE RECEIPTS. For the first six months of 1912 receipts of beef cattle at these points showed a decrease of 400,000 head as compared with the same period for 1911. By July 1, high record prices for more than fifty years were in sight and the whole country was being thoroughly canvassed for everything marketable. Cattle raisers, feeders and dealers all worked for one end, which was to get in a liberal supply at the tempting prices. With all those efforts, however, the shortage continued to increase, and by November 1, it was 530,000 head less than for the same date last year. 156 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE AS TO MUTTON SUPIPLY. The decrease in the supply of mutton is almost as pro- nounced as that in other meat stock. From January 1 to July 1, 1912, receipts ran up to 500,000 head more than for the same six months of 1911. Then a reversal of conditions began and by November 1, receipts were only 180,000 more than for the same ten months last year, showing a loss in the Supply of 320,000 head for a period of four months. ARGENTINE MITEAT INDUSTRY. James Davenport Whelpley, whose inquiry into the Argentine meat industry was published by the Department of Commerce and Labor in 1911, said in his report: “Argentina has been looked upon as a competitor of the United States in the beef industry, and has even been con- sidered by some as a possible source of cheaper meat for this country. The present outlook there lends no color to such supposition. Shipments of beef from the River Plate to the United States may come shortly, but they will probably be directed by the same interests which supply the market here, not in opposition to them.” * The meat packing trade of the Argentine is in the hands of seven companies. Two of these, La Plata Cold Storage Company and La Blanca Company, are avowedly owned by Chicago interests. The former is a Swift holding. The exact ownership of the latter is not publicly stated, but it is under- stood to be held jointly by Swift, Armour and Morris interests. Besides these two plants, the United States packing companies are believed to have interests in a number of the others, while relations of a most harmonious sort exist among all seven. Frederick W. Goding, United States Consul at Monte- video, Uruguay, estimated in a recent report that fresh meat could be sent from the River Plate to the United States for a cent and a half a pound. Even with another cent and a half a pound added to cover the tariff, there would appear to be CANADA's LIVE Stock trade 157 sufficient margin between Argentine and domestic prices to make it possible to sell South American beef here at less than present rates. But persons familiar with the Argentine situa- tion insist that such trade would have to be developed against the full opposition of the Chicago packers, both in this country and the southern republic. They are dubious about its success, therefore—certainly unless undertaken by a com- pany with resources enough to control its own steamship service and establish its own plant on the River Plate. So far as known, the Chicago companies have made no plans for sending meat here from Argentina. Their entrance Sheep on a British Columbia Farm-Canadian Pacific Railway. into that field was for the purpose of securing meat for their English trade which they could no longer obtain in this country, due to increasing domestic consumption. Within the last 10 years the export refrigerated beef trade of the world has been practically transferred from the Mississippi Valley to that of the Rio de la Plata. A decade ago the United States was annually shipping abroad 150,000 tons. Last year the amount fell below 20,000. In the same period Argentina’s refrigerated beef exports have risen from little more than rothing to more than 250,000 tons annually. 158 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE The following table shows the shipments of live stock from the port of Montreal to the different foreign ports for the season 1912, with comparisons:– POrtS. Liverpool London Glasgow Manchester Calais . . . . . . . South Africa. . . Total e ſº º º & E’OrtS. Liverpool London Glasgow . . Manchester Total Ports. Liverpool . . London Glasgow Manchester PHavre TOtal JPOrts. Liverpool London . . . Glasgow . . Manchester gº º º South Africa. PHavre . . Total May. 1912 1911 1910 1909 Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep 385 16 2,666 2,197 2,611 6,437 1,215 4 3,879 511 3,696 4,775 * * g e 1,101 507 1,750 gº & tº & 537 148 1,211 284 . . . . * * * e ſº e ſº * * * * 18 1,884 38 8,183 2,708 6,966 . 14,173 June. 1912 1911 1910 1909 Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep: 1,159 2 2,483 496 2,950 3,765 452 322 3,694 4,063 4,238 388 580 386 1,092 * & © 80 . 896 668 1,148 1,869 82 7,653 496 8,067 . 10,243 452. July. 1912 1911 1910 1909 Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep. 1,316 1,984 280 4,164 305 5,124 556 5,091 5,488 . . . . 4,868 © e 1,181 1,980 . . . . 3,248 1,053 1,099 908 204 • * : • e tº s e tº 1,867 9,513 280 12,731 305 14,152 August. 1912 1911 1910 1909 Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep * * e a 500 4,263 5,939 . . . . 360 3,216 5,257 6,692 60 1,593 2,145 2,763 * * * * 1,174 896 689 57 14 2 . . . . 83 160 417 6,657 2 12,561 83 16,083 60 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE 159. September. 1912 1911 1910 1909 POrtS. Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Liverpool . 1,325 3,379 6,051 London 3 2,412 4,484 6,458 'Glasgow . . 543 1,865 2,369 Manchester •º e º ºs 738 959 TOtal 3 4,281 . 10,466 . 15,837 October. 1912 1911 1910 1909 POrtS. Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Liverpool . . . . . . 2,172 3,615 4,706 893 London ... • * * * 4,041 6,069 5,754 . . . . Glasgow . . 129 44 . . . . 1,744 2,021 Manchester • * * e tº ſº e • * '• • g c & 735 tº º º 844 . . . . South Africa. . . 8 5 74 23.9 14 1.65 6 211 New Zealand. . 10 Total 147 49 6,287 239 12,177 165 13,331 1,104 NOVenber. 1912 1911 1910 1909 POrtS. Cattle Horses Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Cattle Sheep Liverpool 1,115 3,564 1,953 London 2,150 4,049 5,520 Glasgow . . 123 1,584 2,110 Manchester º º e # 400 912 South Africa. . . 4 tº e TO tal 3,392 . 10,495 9,597 The following table shows the number of cattle carried by the different steamship lines from the Port of Montreal for the season 1912, Reford Lines. IMay . . June July . . . August . . . . . September . . . October NOvermber & 6 s is 4 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * with comparisons:— 1912 Cattle 1,082 388 236 188 150 § s is & e g º ºs is $ $ & g º º & © & © º ºs e º e º 'º e e 1911 Cattle 2,597 1,423 2,490 2,224 1,217 544 723 1910 Cattle 1,596 2,268 3,954 4,314 3,120 2,366 3,022 1909 Cattle 5,909 4,143 6,534 5,913 6,070 3,665 5,747 Total 2,044 e e s s º is tº e e s ∈ e e º º 11,218 20,640 34,981 160 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE Can. Pac. Ry. May June July . . . August September October November . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * e s & e º e o e e s is e º e º e e * tº e º 'º dº º s tº e º 'º e º 'º e º gº tº e e º 'º e e º 'º e s = * * * * * • e s e º e o 'º e o e s e • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º e g Total DOſminion. May June July . . . August . . . September October . . . November & © tº ſº tº s º e º & e º º e is • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº e º e º e º $ tº g º e g s tº e g º & e & 6 s & e g s tº º 'º e º 'º • • - - - - - - - - - - - tº $ tº e º e º $ tº gº tº e e e º e º e g º e Total e e s • * * * * * * * * Allan. May . . . June . . . July . . August September October November * & © $ $ tº e º 'º e º a tº e º 'º • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº e º e s tº a tº e º 'º e • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * & e º e º 'º e º e º s s º tº ºn g º e º & tº t e º e º 'º e º tº gº e º 'º gº e º e º g º ºs e s e º Total . . . Furness-Withy. May June July - August . . . September October November a s e s • * * * * * * * * * & ſº tº e º e s = e º 'º e s e s e º e & • * * c e e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * < e e s s e s e s e. e º e º e º * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº s e tº s & e º º tº e º 'º • e s • * * * * * * * * Total e e ºs e º e. e. e º e a s = e e Elder-Dempster. May August October ... November * * * e º e º e º e s e e º 'º a º 1912 Cattle 417 322 320 172 1,231 1912 Cattle 385 1,159 1,316 2,860 1912 Cattle 126 129 255 1912 Cattle 1912 Cattle 1911 Cattle 3,548 3,606 5,131 2,585 2,234 4,289 2,148 23,631 1911 Cattle 1,501 1,728 635 1911 Cattle 204 160 364 1911 Cattle 537 896 1,053 1,174 3,660 1911 Cattle 1910 Cattle 3,186 3,407 4,742 4,823 3,623 5,271 2,967 28,019 1910 Cattle 1,764 1,724 2,028 1,370 2,234 2,244 2,212 13,576 1910 Cattle . 268 908 1,148 751 1,547 400 5,618 1910 Cattle 148 1668 1,099 896 738 735 400 4,684 1910 Cattle 4 e *- 14 18 1909" Cattle 4,226 2,830 3,781 5,094 3,726 3,926 - 4,166 27,749 1909 Cattle 1,343 1,971 1,514 1,862 2,653 2,727 1,807 13,877 1909 Cattle 1,484 151 1,415 2,345 2,429 2,163 912 10,850 1909 Cattle 1,211 1,148 908 869 959 844 912 6,851 1909 Cattle 6 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE 161 The following table shows the shipments of live stock from the Port of Montreal for thirty-six years:– Year. ‘Cattle. Sheep EHorses 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,465 178 172 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,966 3,725 458 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,555 552 497 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,314 1,616 84 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,830 10,111 104 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,977 11,585 174 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,160 10,791 641 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,296 21,036 626 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,611 48,075 315 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,216 61,017 373 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,193 45,831 548 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,791 54,538 7,386 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,108 34,838 6,582 1899. . . . . . . . ............ 81,804 58,277 4,739 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,049 34,991 5,827 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,237 60,638 • 10,051 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,448 76,520 10,421 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,972 210,617 13,303 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,635 139,780 5,623 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,322 3,743 1,660 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,731 15,914 1,739 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,150 32,042 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,136 43,372 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,670 59,334 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,504 45,528 1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,631 36,027 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,932 93,850 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,947 39,401 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,288 62,950 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,090 84,790 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,358 63,667 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,536 55,538 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,730 74,502 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,626 62,550 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,963 31,841 1877 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,940 9,509 162 CANADA's LIVE STOCK TRADE The following table shows the number of American cattle exported from the Port of Montreal for the season 1912, with comparisons:— TJnited States Cattle 106 15,691 179 7,227 10,398 20,100 20,588 17,035 13,693 44,657 7,217 5,677 11,894 5,719 12,221 The following table shows the shipments of holses to the different foreign ports for the season 1912, with comparisons:— 1912 1911 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . 18> * * * tº ſº e º $ tº e 7 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . London . . Manchester . . . . . . . 80 South Africa. . . . . . . . 23 Havre . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . 172 13 81 30 334 458 1910 9 17 65 406 497 1909 66 4 "14 84 1908 1907 9 4 22 17 73 116 1. 36 104 174 1906 1905 163 7 8 106 59 17 511 348 48 641 626 CANADA's LIVE stock TRADE 163 The following table shows the dates of the sailings of the first and last live stock carrying vessels from the Port of Mont- real for the past twenty-one years:– Opening Closing Dates Year Dates Year May 11. . . . 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 24. . . . 1912 May 6. . . . 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 29. . . . 1911 May 5. . . . 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 26. . . . 1910 May 8. . . . 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 26, ... 1909 May 7. . . . 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 24. . . . 1908 May 7.... 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 26. . . . 1907 May 4. . . . 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 29, , . 1906 May 12. . . . 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 25 . . . 1905 May 11. . . . 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 26.... 1904 May 4. . . . 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 24. . . . 1903 April 30. . . . 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 28. . . . 1902 May 3. . . . 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 23, . . . 1901 May 4. . . . 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 25. . . . 1900 May 4. . . . 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 28. . . . 1899 April 30. . . . 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 24. . . . 1898 May 6. . . . 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 24. . . . 1897 May 2. . . . 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 22. . . . 1896 May 3. . . . 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 25. . . . 1895 May 2. . . . 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 24. ... 1894 May 7. . . . 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 22. . . . 1893 May 4. . . . 1892. . . . . . . ------- November 19. . . . 1892 The “Empress of Asia” being built by the Canadian Pacific Railway for Service on the Pacific Ocean. No discriminating smoker has cause for criticism, when offered PALLMALL FAMOUS CIGARETTES The superior excellence of these cigarettes is so unquestionably established, that they are sold in the best Clubs, Hotels, Tobacco Stores, and carried on the principal steam- ship lines of the world. |N AT TRACTIVE RED BOX ES OF TE N. ORDINARY SIZE THE KING'S SIZE A Shilling in London A long after-dinner smoke A Quarter here 35c per package The Export Hay Trade D] c. THE export season in this de- partment of the trade opened up with hay stocks in Canada rather light and selling at prices both locally and in the United States about the highest on re- cord, sales in this market being made at $20.00 per ton and over for good grades. These con- ditions lasted until the beginning of August when new began to be offered. The season's crop is said to be a good average one in both Quebec and Ontario, and the quality on the whole is also fair. In the United States they are reported to have the largest crop on record and in England a crop slightly under the average is spoken of. The shipments to the United States from Canada from August first have been very light owing to the high prices asked by Canadian farmers who are still looking for the figures they got last May and June. The exports to the English markets during the past season have been fair, but owing to a 20s drop and over in the prices in the London market, exporters have not done well, and indeed some claim heavy losses. Up to the end of November this country had disposed of a very much smaller quantity of hay than usual as farmers are still unwilling to accept to a great extent market values. A feature of the trade during the past season has been the demand from the Maritime provinces owing to the failure of the crop in that district, and the scarcity of hay was so great that the Government removed the duty in order that buyers could import their supplies from Montreal. The exports of hay from the port of Montreal for the season 1912 amounted to 563,783 bales as compared with 853,962 bales last year, showing a decrease of 290,179 bales, and a decrease of 53,932 bales as compared with 1910. Filling the Hay Mow. 166 THE EXPORT HAY TRADE The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal by the different firms for the season 1912, with comparisons:— Shippers: — Ja.s. Scott & Co., Ltd. . . S. D. McTrustrey & Co. . . Quintai & Lynch Ltd. .. W. H. Dwyer Co., Ltd. . . Ja.s. McDonnell Ledoux . . . Poirier . . . P. Tuippe Co. . . DeSroSier Chicoine IH. Tompkins . . Dingwall Marcotte Wolston . A. Campbell . Raymond T. Poitra.S . . R. McCarthy . . Chaplin Bros. . . Thomson & Earle J. J. Trickey & Co. . . A. Laberge & Co. J. S. Going . Sundry Shippers . . Grand Trunk Ry. . . Can. Pac. Ry. . Through Shipments . . Total 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. 1908. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. 141,716 169,619 130,031 106,765 42,970 78,220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. * * * . . . . 68,141 138,029 95,384 78,224 18,488 65,037 136,802 117,440 82,271 34,533 60,226 100,152 77,748 52,317 25,668 36,876 113,929 96,373 46,310 34,263 34,222 25,630 56,516 9,059 16,631 27,481 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,904 19,429 64,868 28,885 . . . . . . 13,550 95,055 10,584 . . . . . . 8,688 5,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,906 4,603 8,828 10,694 . . . . . . 2,195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300 11,728 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº g º g is e 17,814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vº • * * tº ſº tº e º 'º e º e º g g 13,101 . . . . . . 779 e s e º is tº e e tº e s gº 1,423 . . . . . . . . v= < * * * = E & G & º 'º e g º º 1,367 . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * c e e s s a e º e e 3,918 . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5,939 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º e s e s s 10,304 3,715 14,423 12,659 6,959 3,646 s & e º 'º e 3,698 22,150 22,914 21,166 e & e º 'º º 515 2,299 391 2,084 tº gº tº £ tº s 2,536 6,944 . . . . . . 589 563,783 853,962 717,715 448,662 225,748 THE EXPORT HAY TRADE 167 The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1912, with comparisons:– 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. 1908. Ports: – Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,539 274,854 245,763. 124,335 99,204 London . . . . . . . . . . . . 195,118 266,172 151,827 107,802 47,790 Liverpool. . . . . . . . . . 82,017 104,750 191,746 92,527 67,544 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,445 86,968 25,715 8,395 3,996 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . 84,214 83,552 88,371 36,068 4,744 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 17,804 6,112 9,099 . . . . . . Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 3,713 4,652 14,836 831 Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . 585 4,332 2,479 3,404 931 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,118 639 19,981 . . . . . . Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . 213 580 411 480 . . . . . . Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,228 . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 608 Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 . . . . . . 5,084 . . . . . . Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 . . . . . . 242 . . . . . . South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----------- 391 . . . . . . Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,981 . . . . . . Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,709 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total 563,783 853,962 717,715 448,662 225,748 A Wheat Field in Alberta.-Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Quintal & Lynch LIMITED Grain, Hay, Feed, Domestic and Export OFFICES : BEARDMORE BUILDING, 59 ST. PETER ST. NMONTREAL W. H. Dwyer Company LIMITED WHOLESALE DEALERS AND EXPORTERS OF HAY and GRAIN ū ūſ ū) Room 302, Board of Trade Building, NMontreal ESTABLISHED 1880. TELEPHONE MAIN 2948, JAS. NMcDONNELL Office Barns WHOLESALE DEALER IN Hay, Grain and Cattle Supplies . . . . 128 VVellington Street - - 91 to 103 Dalhousie Street NMONTREAL “Prince Rupert” at Dock—Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. DEPARTMENT OF MINES MINES BRAN CHI The Mines Branch publishes reports, monographs and bulletins on mining and metallurgical industries. Two reports appear annually, namely the Summary Report of the Mines Branch and the Annual Report on the Mineral Production of Canada. Bulletins and reports have been published on such minerals as the following: Asbestos, Building and Ornamental Stones, Chrome Iron Ore, Graphite, Gypsum, Iron Ore, Mica, Molybdenum Ores, Oil Shales, Peat, and Tungsten Ores. REPORTS RECENTLY ISSUED : 83. An investigation of the Coals of Canada with reference to their Economic Qualities, as conducted at McGill University under the authority of the Dominion Government. Report on—by J. B. Porter, E.M., D.Sc., R. J. Durley, Ma.E., and others— Vol. I–Coal Washing and Coking Tests. Vol. II—Boiler and Gas Producer Tests. 84. Gypsum Deposits of the Maritime Provinces of Canada—Including the Magdalen Islands. Re- port on—by W. F. Jennison, M.E. (Out of print.) 93. Molybdenum Ores of Canada. Report on—by Dr. T. L. Walker. 100. The Building and Ornamental Stones of Canada. Report on—by Professor W. A. Parks. 104. Catalogue of Publications of Mines Branch, from 1902 to 1911, containing Tables of Contents and Lists of Maps, etc. 111. Diamond Drilling at Point Mamainse, Ont. Bulletin No. 6—by A. C. Lane, Ph. D., with Intro- ductory by A. W. G. Wilson, Ph. D. 118. Mica: Its Occurrence, Exploitation, and Uses. Report on—by Hugh S. de Schmid, M.E. (Second Edition). 142. Summary Report of Mines Branch, 1911. 143. The Mineral Production of Canada, 1910. Annual Report on—by John McLeish, B.A. 150. The Mineral Production of Canada, 1911. Preliminary Report on—by John McLeish. 154. The Utilization of Peat Fuel for the Production of Power: being a record of experiment con- ducted at the Fuel Testing Station, Ottawa, 1910-11. Report on—by B. F. Haanel, B.Sc. Communications for the Mines Branch should be addressed to the Director, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The Geological Survey has published maps and reports dealing with a large part of Canada, with many local areas and special subjects. A catalogue of publications will be sent free to any applicant. REPORTS RECENTLY ISSUED : 1085. Descriptive sketch of the Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada. Accompanied by a geolo- gical and mineral map of Canada, by G. A. Young and R. W. Brock. 1218. Summary Report of the Geological Survey for 1911. 1113. Memoir No. 16. The Clay and Shale Deposits of Nova Scotia and portions of New Brunswick, by H. Ries and J. Keele. 1110. Memoir No. 4. Geological reconnaissance along the line of the National Transcontinental Railway in Western Quebec, by W. J. Wilson, accompanied by a map. 1213. Memoir No. 28. The Geology of Steeprock Lake, Ontario, by Andrew C. Lawson. Notes on - Fossils from Limestone of Steeprock Lake, Ontario, by Charles D. Walcott. 1204. Memoir No. 24. Preliminary Report on the Clay and Shale Deposits of the Western Provinces, by Heinrich Ries and Joseph Keele. 1121. Memoir No. 13. Southern Vancouver Island, by Charles H. Clapp. 1175. Memoir No. 21. The Geology and Ore Deposits of Phoenix, Boundary District, B.C., by O. E. LeRoy. . MAPS RECENTLY ISSUED : 1042. Mineral Map of Canada. Scale 100 miles to 1 inch. 1133. Map 13A. Kingsport sheet, Nova Scotia, No. 84. Scale 1 mile to 1 inch. 1181. Map 35A. Reconnaissance Map of Parts of Albert and Westmoreland Counties, N.B. Geology and topography. Scale 1 mile to 1 inch. - 1178. Map 32A. Larder Lake and Opasatika Lake, Nipissing, Abitibi and Pontiac, Ontario and Que- bec. Geological. Scale 2 miles to 1 inch. - 964. Geological map of portions of the districts of Algoma and Thunder Bay, Ontario. Scale S miles to 1 inch. Second edition. - - 1167. Map 29A. Mother Lode and Sunset Mines, Deadwood, B.C., Topographical. Scale 400 feet to 1 inch. 1219. Map 54A. Nanaimo Coal Area, Vancouver Island, B.C. Scale 1% miles to 1 inch. Contour intervals 100 feet. - NOTE.-Maps published within the last two years may be had, printed on linen, for field use. A charge of Io cents is made for maps on linen. Communications for the Geological Survey should be addressed to THE DIRECTOR, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, OTTA. W.A. The Export Fruit Trade D. DI |N OUR review last year of the export fruit trade, reference was made to the shipment of Canadian peaches to Great Bri- tain, the feasibility of which was demonstrated by the Dominion Department of Agriculture in the season of 1910, when trial ship- ments were forwarded to the lead- ing markets in Great Britain with the utmost success. This season the quantity exported has shown a gratifying increase. Following Packing Apples for the are the figures for the past three Foreign Markets. years:- 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,743 single layer cases 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,934 -- 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,443 -- -- -- The shipments were all sent forward by way of Montreal, and were carried in cold storage on the steamships at a tempera- ture of about 35 degrees. The fruit-growing industry of Canada is progressing at an extremely rapid rate, and in order to give intending settlers some idea of the possibilities of this industry, the following figures will be interesting: Ontario has 300,000 acres of orchard, vineyard, and small fruits, and produces 73 per cent of all fruits grown in Canada, 70 per cent of the plums, 61 per cent of the apples, 80 per cent of the small fruits and pears, and 95 per cent of peaches, 172 THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE 99 per cent. of grapes, much of it of the highest quality. The capital invested in fruit lands amounts to £15,000,000. There are forty co-operative societies of fruit-growers, and the Govern- ment conducted fruit experiment stations, and 271,666 acres of orchard and nursery, 9,069 acres of vineyards, 13,940 acres of small fruits, making a total of 294,675 acres. Ontario has 12,252,818 fruit trees, of which 7,766,257 are apple, 1,681,853 peach, 739,720 pear, 1,124,022 plums, 835,737 cherry, and 105,229 of other varieties. The estimated production of these trees is as follows: Apples, 6,305,462 bushels; peaches, 503,075; pears, 417,397; plums, 331,278; cherries, 137,281; other fruits, 33,181; grapes, 36,315,877 lbs. ; strawberries, 9,386,135; cur- rants and gooseberries, 2,019,319 quarts, and other small fruits, 6,844,253 quarts. l The Secretary of the Pomological and Fruit Growing Society of the Province of Quebec stated in the early part of the season that the plague of tent caterpillars which has attracted so much attention throughout the province during the past two years is likely to have a serious effect upon the apple crops next year. Wherever modern spraying methods have not been practised the orchards have suffered severely, while many of them have been completely denuded of leaves as though a fire had gone through them. This, it is stated by experts, while it may not cause permanent damage to the trees, will almost certainly greatly reduce the yield, while the upsetting of ordinary leafing conditions, and the extra demands on the trees to turn out a fresh supply of leaves after the caterpillars have finished their work, will probably seriously affect next season’s crop. The export trade in apples during the season 1912 from the port of Montreal has been much larger than the previous two years, as the shipments show an increase of 60,378 barrels and an increase of 22,554 boxes as compared with 1911, and an increase of 163,996 barrels and 22,619 boxes compared with 1910. THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE 173 The following table shows the exports of apples to the dif- ferent foreign markets for the season 1912, with comparisons:– 1912. 1911. 1910. Ports. Bbls. Boxes. Bbls. Boxes. Bbls. Boxes. Glasgow. . . . . . . . . . 182,927 40,171 123,556 18,638 74,452 17,320 Liverpool. . . . . . . . . 83,355 4,411 63,259 10,623 31,808 5,071 Manchester. . . . . . . . 15,482 2,687 49,215 670 15,859 2,141 London. . . . . . . . . . . 15,065 11,903 6,584 3,437 22,862 11,331 Bristol. . . . . . . . . . . 16,071 . . . . . . 11,541 1,131 8,166 32 Aberdeen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,581 674 2,314 . . . . . . South Africa. . . . . . . 1,344 . . . . . . 1,625 1,315 2,148 525 Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . 26 . . . . . . 28 12 39 3 Leith. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,794 . . . . . . 1,208 158 104 2 Havre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3 15 30 177 Newcastle. . . . . . . . . 926 8 207 . . . . . . 303 . . . . . . Hamburg. . . . . . . . . 2,975 10 1,843 . . . . . . 882 . . . . . . Rotterdam . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . 10 6 Belfast. . . . . . . . . . . 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . Dublin. . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 . . . . . . Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . . . .323,039 59,227 262,661 36,673 159,043 36,608 - - Fort Garry Hotel, Winnipeg.—Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. G. O. N. N. "S L M Nº.1 IT E. Dº Pork and Beef Packers Cotton Oil Refiners “PON HONOR" food Prod 11cts BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, POULTRY Gunn, Langlois & Co., Limited CANADA'S LEADING PRODUCE HOUSE DEALERS IN HIGH-CLASS FARM AND DAIRY PRODUCE BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, FOULTRY, ETC. If it's anything good in Provisions—We have it | | - Canadian Northern Building, Montreal. The Export Cured Meat Trade D] A feature of this department of the export trade for the season 1912 has been the increased demand from English buyers for lard and cured meats, notwithstanding the fact that prices both in Canada and the United States for the above lines have ruled much higher than a year ago, which may be attributed to the shorter supplies and the increased home consumption; but the trade in canned meats has been smaller, owing to the scarcity of cattle throughout the United States and the fact that American packers have had to import canning stock from Canada to fill their orders. The exports of lard and cured meats from the port of Montreal for the season 1912 have been the largest on record, the former showing an increase of 195,048 packages as compared with 1911, and an increase of 33,075 compared with 1910, while the latter shows an increase of 284,379 cases compared with last year. The exports of canned meats show a decrease of 20,343 cases as compared with 1911, and a decrease of 8,561 compared with 1910. The trade in canned goods has been very large, and the exports show an increase of 71,004 cases as compared with last year, an increase of 48,412 with with 1911, and an increase of 3.809 with 1910. The following table shows the exports of lard, cured meats and tinned meats from the port of Montreal for the season 1912, with comparisons:— 1912. 1911. Canned Canned IPOrtS. Lard Meats Meats Lard Meats Meats Pkgs. Cases. Cases. Pkgs. Cases. Cases. London. . . . . . . . . . 208,348 14,409 1,731 104,268 24,020 1,067 Bristol. . . . . . . . . . . 179,214 18,202 4,874 178,874 17,354 14,023 Liverpool. . . . . . . . . 120,366 62,784 11,469 69,612 79,705 9,119 Manchester. . . . . . . . 170,407 5,813 5,051 105,343 9,268 1,422 Glasgow. . . . . . . . . . 16,890 22,289 1,280 9,509 19,750 930 South Africa. . . . . . . . 834 6, 183 920 2,114 . . . . . . 1,162 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,725 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHavre. . . . . . . . . . . . 30 180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hamburg. . . . . . . . . 4,135 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 46 . . . . . . Rotterdam. . . . . . . . . . 1,040 . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,457 . . . . . . . . . . . . Newcastle. . . . . . . . . 3,525 . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,439 40 . . . . . . Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . Hull . . . . . 250 • * e s a s e º e º e s e e e s e e º 'º e º e g º e e s tº a Total. . . . . . . . . . 706,764 129,860 26,075 511,716 150,203 27,723 THE WHYTE PACKING CO., LIMITED ×. HEAD OFFICE, * &= STRA TFORD, OWT. M0MTREAL OFFICE, 37 William St., Montrea/, Canada. EXPORTERS OF Hams, Bacon, Butter, Cheese and Eggs CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED Jht (5azette ESTABLISHED 1778 THE ONLY ENGLISH MORNING PAPER IN MONTREAL *-*-** Address SMEATOW WH/TE, President, GAZETTE PR/NT/MG CO., Limited, MONTREAL gºmº Subscription º $6.00 per Year THE EXPORT CURED MEAT TRADE 177 The shipments of canned goods to the different foreign markets for the season 1912, with comparisons, were as follows:– 1912. 1911, 1910. 1909. 1908. 1907. Ports. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Glasgow. . . . . . . . . . 3,914 3,025 9,655 11,996 30,396 5,244 London. . . . . . . . . . . 12,231. 9,251 23,002 24,361 18,090 7,199 Liverpool. . . . . . . . . 15,767 22,419 7,157 25,511 12,961 8,768 Havre. . . . . . . . . . . 46,687 10,305 8,721 15,196 4,244 2,403 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 50 58 3,600 . . . . . . Manchester. . . . . . . . 638 . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 2,275 188 South Africa. . . . . . . 312 2,852 842 798 1,358 1,247 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . 670 949 . . . . . . 9,425 275 . . . . . . Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . 3.35 405 373 1,008 100 66 Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . 35,060 . . . . . . 14,552 25,258 . . . . . . 154 Hamburg. . . . . . . . . 466 . . . . . . 767 . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Belfast. . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 . . . . . . 2,550 2,300 . . . . . . . . . . . . Dublin. . . . . . . . . . . 1,700 . . . . . . 1,700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - Newcastle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 2,479 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . 120,260 49,256 71,848 116,451. 73,299 25,369 General Offices, Passenger Station, C. P. Ry, Montreal. *— TO sup Settlers, Lumbermen and Sportsmen 7,000,000 Acres of Land Divided into Farm Lots, for Settlement in the Province of Quebec Over 100,000,000 Acres Still Unsurveyed The fertile regions of LAKE TEMISCAMINGUE, the LAKE ST. JOHN, the OTTAWA, the MATA- PEDIA, the BAIE DES CHALEURS, and the ABBITIBI especially, offer exceptional advantages. Price of Fine Lots of 100 Acres, 20 to 50 Cents per Acre For further information write to the Crown Lands Department, QUE BE C In these regions the most fertile and valuable kinds of timber for export and manufacturing purposes are to be found, such as Pine, Spruce, Cedar, Maple, Black Birch, White Birch, Etc. Plenty of Spruce, which is in great demand for Pulp Making. E] D] The Timber and Deal Exports laſ- Dil Owing to the more satisfactory condition of the English markets for timber and deals during the past season, a larger volume of business has been done in this department of the export trade from the port of Montreal, as the total shipments for the season 1912 amount to 109,370,764 feet, as compared with 103,473,220 feet for the season 1911, showing an increase of 5,897,544 feet, but as compared with 1910 they show a decrease of 8,463,002 feet, and a decrease of 8,576,086 as com- pared with 1909. The following table shows the exports Great Britain, Continent, South Africa and Australia from the port of Montreal for the season 1912, with comparisons:— Exporters Watson & Todd, Ltd. . . R. Cox & Co. . . W. & J. Sharples J. BuTStall & CO. E. M. Nicholson. E. H. Lemay . . Dobell, Beckett & Cox, Long & Co. Graddon & Owens. . The McArthur Export Co., Ltd. Railways, Steamship Lines and small shippers . . Total . . . . . . . . Total Exports to Great Britain and Continent Total to South Africa. . TOtal to Australia. . . Co. of wood goods to 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. No. Of No. Of No. Of No. Of ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. 33,217,881 30,663,444 34,684,863 35,542,107 17,316,113 13,296,102 20,181,389 18,804,045 12,943,460 10,222,326 11,014,202 9,655,706 9,149,894 9,334,797 10,501,571 -10,573,598 7,670,005 9,134,954 8,659,361 6,594,976 8,857,349 7,208,343 8,341,101 11,442,989 4,267,930 4,930,711 3,565,954 5,157,003 2,211,896 2,431,104 2,448,189 914,432 e e s tº e s e s tº 8 e º 'º e º & 1,526,197 671,716 tº e º 'º a tº e g g g g g º sº e º 'º e e º & e º & 3,143,311 13,736,236 16,251,439 16,883,870 12,372,966 . 109,370,764 103,473,220 117,806,766 117,946,850 . 106,603,976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,872,849 2,637,407 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,381 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intercolonial Railway PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND RAILWAY OWNED AND OPERATED BY THE Government of Canada THE ONLY ALL CANADIAN RouTE To CANADA’S ATLANTIC SEA-PORTS St. John, N.B. and Halifax, N.S. Close connection with all passenger and freight steamships at - Montreal, with Two Express Trains 0cean Limited Maritime Express (Daily) (Daily Except Sunday) FOR Quebec, Moncton, St. John, Halifax, The Sydneys, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland Fast Freight Trains to all the principal points in the Maritime Provinces. For full particulars apply DISTRICT PASSENGER AGENT'S OFFICE, ASST. GEN'L FREIGHT AGENT'S OFFICE, Transportation Building, McGill Street, MONTREAL. MONTREAL. ſº D] Table of Contents D. E. The Trade of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Improvements to the Port of Montreal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Shipping Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Distances in Marine Miles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 The Dairy Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 The Cheese Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 The Butter Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Montreal the Leader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 The Export Grain Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 The Export Flour Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Canada's Live Stock Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - 153 The Export Hay Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 The Export Fruit Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 The Export Cured Meat Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 The Timber and Deal Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 The “Duke of Connaught.” Floating Dock dedicated to Shipping and Industry by Field Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, K.G., November 18th, 1912. White Star-Dominion CANADIAN SERVICE ROYAL MV/A/L STEAM/ERS Montreal and Quebec to Liverpool, - Portland, Me., to Liverpool DOMINION LINE Montreal to Bristol, ſº ſº tº Portland, Me., to Bristol & ź -> e - FLEET OF PASSENGER AND FREIGHT STEAMERS SS. Laurentic (Twin Screw) 14,892 Tons SS. Dominion (Twin Screw) 7,000 Tons SS. Megantic (Twin Screw) 14,778 Tons SS. Englishman (Twin Screw) 6,500 Tons SS. Teutonic (Twin Screw) 10,000 Tons SS. Cornishman (Twin Screw) 6,000 Tons SS. Canada (Twin Screw) 10,000 Tons SS. Welshman (Twin Screw) 6,000 Tons SS. Norseman (Twin Screw) 11,700 Tons SS. Turcoman (Twin Screw ) 6,000 Tons SS. Irishman (Twin Screw) 11,700 Tons ſ SS. Manxman (Twin Screw) 5,000 Tons Electric Light Saloons Amidships Speed and Comfort The “LAURENTIC” and “MEGANTIC” are the largest steamers in the Canadian Trade and afford every up-to-date facility for passengers in all classes. String Orchestras carried. The “TEUTONIC,” “CANADA" and “DOMINION” carry One Class Cabin (11) and Third Class Passengers. Cabin (11) passengers by these steamers have unrestricted use of the best accommodation on the ship at lower rates than prevail on vessels carrying Cabin passengers in two classes. In the Summer these steamers sail from Montreal and passengers thus have an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of the St. Lawrence, the full length of this majestic river from the Canadian Metropolis to the open sea. These Steamers are large and fast and personal attention is given to the handling and storage of Eggs, Cheese, Butter, Apples and all cargo of a perishable nature. Steamers are fitted with Cool Air, Cold Storage and Fan Ventilated Chambers. Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of all Railways. For sailings and information, apply to the Railway Agents or Local Agents of the Company, or to w. M. MAcpHERson, 53 Dalhousie St., Que. White Star-Dominion, M. A. OVEREND, QQ \X7 all 4. - Canadian Service. J. W. WILKINISON, X 28 Wºº. East. 118 Notre Dame St. West, Montreal. G. D. LINDSAY, 1 India Street, Portland ULSTER STEAMSHIP C O M F A N Y , L I M I T E D G. HEYN & SONS, Managers, Belfast. HEAD ||NE The following First Class Steamers are intended to continue the regular service between the undermentioned ports under contract with the Canadian Government during the year 1911-12. S.S. Rathlin Head tº sº 4- 6,574 Reg. Tons Torr Head ſº - E. 5,9 II & 4 Howth Head sº- sº gº 5,000 . “ Ramore Head &- sº- º- 4,444 & & Carrigan Head *E- sº tº-e 4,2OO & 4 Glenarm Head - &ºe wº- 3,908 & ſº Bray Head *- tº- * 3, I50 & & Inishowen Head – * &- 3,050 & 4 Bengore Head * sº tº- 2,490 6 & Dunmore Head «Eº e- <- 2,293 & & Teelin Head *- * e- I,718 & & Glen Head tº- sº *- I,6oo 4 & In Summer MONTREAL and QUEBEC to BELFAST and DUBLIN In Winter ST. JOHN, N.B., to BELFAST and DUBLIN A limited number of Cabin Passengers carried on above Steamers at moder- ate rates. Through Bills of Lading granted from all points in Canada to Belfast, Dublin, Aberdeen, Ardrossan, Ayr, Barrow-in-Furness, Berwick-on-Tweed, Blackpool, Bolton, Bristol, Ballyshannon, Bally money. Cardiff, Coleraine, Drogheda, Dundalk, Dundee, Fleetwood, Galway, Girvan, Glasgow, Greenock- Hill, Invergorden, Inverness, Kirkcudbright, Leith, Liverpool, Londonderry, Manchester, Middlesboro, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Newry, Paisley, Plymouth, Roch- dale, Silloth, Sligo, Southampton, Stranraer, Swansea, Stockton-on-Tees, Troon, Whitehaven, Maryport, Cork, West Hartlepool, Waterford, Newhaven, Carrick- on-Suir, Limerick, Mallow, Tipperary, Tralee, Wicklow, Enniscorthy, New Ross, Wexford, Ballinahinch, Dundrum, Larne, Portrush, Workington, Westport, Barry-Dock, ete. For Freight and all other particulars apply to:—G. Heyn & Sons, Belfast; Palgrave, Murphy & Co., Dublin; McLean, Kennedy & Co., Quebec; Wm. Thom- son & Co., St. John, N.B.; J. D. Roth, Chicago; F. C. Thompson, Toronto, Ont. Railway Freight Agents at different points, or to McLEAN, KENNEDY & CO., GEN E R A L AGENTS. MONTREAL CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY'S TELEGRAPH & HAS EXCLUSIVE CONNECTION WITH THE Postal Telegraph Cable Company, Commercial Cable Company, Pacific Cable to Australia, Commercial Pacific Cable to China and Japan, º ſº. CANADAN 'PADIFIC & º lºº canadian PAUIFID ER tº ºf s C. P. RY, TEL. CHA M BERS, MONTREAL | -- ERNAIAN PACIFIC GA wºº Commercial-Havana Cable, Halifax-Bermuda Cable Company, Direct West India Cable Company, and ſºlº ~ * - The Dominion Government Telegraph TO THE YUKON Thus reaching all important parts of the World. Telegrams filed on the European Continent should be marked “via Commercial Cable” Money Orders Issued to all parts of Canada and United States Head Office, i tº . Montreal. COR. ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER & HOSPITAL STS. } - ---------- TöNiv. To º *=r * > #R - - - - "islaw i - - | COMMERCIAL REVIEW | OF THE SEASON ENDING 29th NOVEMBER, | - - - ! | 9 || 3 SHOWING THE EXPORT TRADE | PORT OF MONTREAL i - | IN CANADIAN PRODUCTS | - * i . ! | III | | Compiled by the Commercial Department of | “(Jhe (§azette" x | | anx. Limited, Montreal | FOR TABLE OF CONTENT's see PAGE 1 B 5. H F *: r) rº, * . ; , ; *, * , Yº 2 * * Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s ATLANTIC STEAMSHIP LINES Regular weekly sailings from MONTREAL in Summer and WEST ST. JOHN, N.B. and HALIFAX, N.S. in Winter to LIVERPOOL, LONDON, BRISTOL, ANTWERP NAPLES and TRIESTE *S.S. Empress of Britain 14,500 tons *S.S. Empress of Ireland 14,500 tons S.S. Lake Manitoba 9,674 “ +S.S. Montfort 7,101 “ S.S. Ruthenia 7,392 { { :k { { *S.S. Tyrolia 7,550 “ tº Montcalm 5,505 ( & S.S. Lake Michigan 7,000 “ .S. Montrose 7,094 S.S. Mount Temple 7,656 “ S.S. Montreal 6,870 “ S.S. Montezuma 7,345 “ S.S. Mount Royal 7,064 “ S.S. Milwaukee 7,323 “ fºs.S. Monmouth 4,078 “ FREI GHT Steamers marked * are fitted up with cold storage, and those marked fº are fitted with cold storage and cool air. All vessels are fitted with Sirocco ventilating fans in the holds and 'tween decks, and are equipped with the most modern improvements for the transportation of all classes of perishable freight. Through Bills of Lading are issued from all ports in Great Britain and the Continent to all points in Canada and the United States, and vice versa. PASSENGERS #. in ºverpºol service have splendid accommodation for all ROYAL MA I L E X FRESS STEAM SH I FS “ EMPRESS OF BRITAIN ?” and “EMPRESS OF IRELAND '' Every thing in the equipment of these Steamships is of most modern type, advantage having been taken of the latest improvements on steamships throughout the globe. Many new features for the comfort and convenience of passengers, and the protection of perishable freight, have been introduced. They are larger and faster than any passenger Steamship hitherto run on this route, their tonnage being 14,500, length 570 feet, breadth 65 feet. They cost over $2,000,000.00 each. They each accommodate comfortably 350 first cabin passengers, 350 second cabin, and 1,000 third class passengers. These ships have the reputation of making passages between Canada and Liverpool with the regularity of railway trains. The record passage between Liverpool and Quebec, Dock to Dock, is held by the Empress of Ireland, which did the passage in 6 days 2 hours 30 minutes. For information as to freight or passage apply to any of the following agencies:— F. G. FRIESER, W. T. MARLOW, Export Freight Agent, Montreal. Import Freight Agent, Montreal. W. G. ANNABLE, G. D. ROBINSON, General Passenger Agent, Montreal. Asst. Export & Import Freight Agt., Toronto. The Allan Line Steamship Co., intº 1 8 1 9 @ 1 9 1 4 × . . . . NEW STEAMERS . “ALSATRAN & CALGARHAN,” 18,000 Tons Quadruple Screws Turbine Engines S E R V J C E S SUMMER SEASON , * WINTER SEASON Montreal–Quebec—Liverpool Halifax, N.S.—Liverpool Montreal—Quebec—Glasgow St. John, N.B.--Liverpool Montreal-Quebec—Havre–London St. John, N. B.—Havre–Lon don Boston—Glasgow . Philadelphia—St. John's, Nfld.— . Portland, Me.—Glasgow Glasgow - Boston, Mass.-Glasgow AL LAN LIN E SERV I C E FOR TRAVELLERS:-The Allan Line provides the most comfortable accommodation for all classes of passengers. Saloon travel on the new steamers “Alsatian " and “Calgarian" is absolutely unsurpassed, whilst the reputation of the Line for comfort and cleanliness in 2nd and 3rd class accommodations has been long established. - FOR SHIPPERS:-To shippers the line offers splendid facilities for the safe and successful shipment of perishables, such as cheese, butter, fruits, etc. The refrigerating apparatus on Allan Line steamers is the most scientific and up-to-date. & TURBINE ENGINES-BILGE KEELS-MARCON WIRELESS—SUBMARINE SIGNALLING * * FOR TICKETS AND ALL INFORMATION, APPLY Local AGENTS. OR H. & A. ALLAN,...º. º.º.º. Montréal. - OF FERS EXCELLENCE IN EQUIPMENT EX C E L L E N C E IN SER WIC E [T] [I] [T] The Grand Trunk Railway System is the Pioneer Railway of Canada and to-day the only double track railway reaching all important centres in Eastern Canada. Fast Limited trains are operated via the Grand Trank between Quebec, Montreal, Portland, Boston and New York in the east and Chicago in the west. Write for “Trains No. 3 and No. 4,” descriptive of the route. FIN E E QUIPMENT The equipment on the trains of the Grand Trunk is of the highest standard. Electric lighted Pullman Sleeping Cars on night trains and high grade Parlor-Library, Dining and Parlor- Library-Cafe Cars on day trains. Handsome Club Compartment Cars are operated on night trains between Montreal and Toronto; Trains leave Montreal at 10.30 p.m., and Toronto at 10.45 p.m. THE “ INTERNATION AL LIMITED '' The train de luxe of Canada, runs every day in the year between Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, London, Detroit and Chicago. This is one of the finest and fastest long distance trains in the World. Electric Lighted. D [] [] G R AND TRUNK. PACIFIC RAILWAY Stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific is the embodiment of all the latest achievements in railway construction. This new transcontinental is opening up a vast country, rich in agricultural, timber and mineral resources, and is providing an additional outlet for the grain crops of Western Canada, as well as creating a new market for the manufactured products of the east. It will be a shorter route by several hundred miles than any existing between Europe and the Orient. G. T. BELL, H. G. ELLIOTT, W. P. HINTON, Passenger Traffic General Passenger Agent, General Passenger Agent, Manager, Grand Trunk Railway System, Grand Trunk Pac. Ry., MONTREAL. MONTREAL- WINNIPEG, Man. * -mºr w ** *mer-w *º-ºr 5 *sr- * * * * * * * * BANIX OF MONTREAL (ESTABLISHED 1817) INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT CAPITAL PAID IJP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,000,000.00 & e º & tº e s a s s e º e º e º t e º e g º & e º e s e º 'º e º e º e s e s is is e º e º s e º 'º e º 'º e s e º & 6 s is 9 e º º º t e º 16,000,000.00 • gº is e s e º ºs e º s = e s & e º e s e e º e s is a e e s sº s is e º e s e s s m e s = * * * * * 1,046,217.80 HEAD OFFICE, - MONTREAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS RT. HoN. Lord STRATHconA AND MOUNT Roy AL, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., Honorary President. H. V. MEREDITH, ESQ., President. R. B. ANGUS, ESQ., E. B. GREENSHIELDs. ESQ. SIR WILLIAM MACDONALD HON. ROBERT MACKAY SIR THOMAS SHAUGHNessy, K.C.V.O. DAVID MORRICE, ESQ. C. R. HosMER, Esq. A. BAUMGARTEN, ESQ. C. B. GoRDON, ESQ. H. R. DRUMMOND, ESQ. D. FORBES ANGUS, ESQ. . WM. McMASTER, ESQ. SIR FREDERICK WILLIAMS-TAYLOR, General Manager A. D. BRAITHwAITE, Assistant General Manager A. MACNIDER, Chief Inspector and Superintendent of Branches. C. Sweeny, Superintendent British Columbia Branches. F. J. CockBURN, Superintendent Quebec Branches. E. P. WINSLow, Superintendent North West Branches. D. R. CLARKE, Superintendent Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland Branches. BRANCHES IN CANADA At all important cities and towns in the following Provinces. PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. NORTHWEST PROVINCES. PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. BRANCHES OUTSIDE OF CANADA LONDON, ENG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, Threadneedle Street, E.C., G. C. Cassels, Manager. # 4 “ SUB AGENCY. . . . . . . . . . 9, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, S.W. NEW YORK, N.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, Wall Street, R. Y. Hebden, W. A. Bog, J, T. Molineux, Agents. CHICAGO, ILL, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, South LaSalle Street. SPOKANE]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State of Washington. ST. JOHN'S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newfoundland. CURLING... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newfoundland. GRAND FALLS.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newfoundland. MEXICO CITY... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mexico, D.F. BANKERS IN GREAT BRITAIN LONDON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bank of England. The Union of London and Smith's Bank, Limited. London County and Westminster Bank, Limited. The National Provincial Bank of England, Limited, LIVERPOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bank of Liverpool, Limited. SCOTLAND... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The British Linen Bank and Branches. BANKERS IN THE UNITED STATES NEW YORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The National City Bank. National Bank of Commerce. National Park Bank. PHILADELPHIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Street National Bank. BOSTON ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Merchants National Bank. BOFFALO............................. The Marine National Bank. SAN FRANCISCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First National Bank. The Anglo and London Paris National Bank. Savings Departments connected with each Canadian Branch and interest allowed at CuITent rateS. Collections at all points of the World undertaken at most favourable rates. Travellers' Cheques, Limited Cheques and Travellers' Letters of Credit issued negotiable in all parts of the World. This Bank with its Branches at every important point in Canada offers exceptional, facilities for the transaction of a general Banking businesss. # THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA Capital Paid Up Incorporated Reserve Fund $5,955,400 1832 $10,874,404 HEAD OFFICE - * º HALIFAX, N.S. DIRECTORS JOHN Y. PAYZANT, President. CHAS. ARCHIBALD, Vice-President. G. S. CAMPBELL, HECTOR McINNES, J. WALTER ALLISON, J. H. PLUMMER, N. CURRY, R. E. HARRIS, JAMES MANCHESTER, W. W. WHITE, A GENERAL MANAGER'S OFFICE wº TORONTO, ONT. H. A. RICHARDSON, General Manager. D. WATERS, Asst. General Manager. BRANCHES-NOVA SCOTIA, Amherst f , Digby New Waterford Sydney Mines Annapolis Royal' Glace Bay North Sydney Trenton Antigonish Halifax Oxford Truro Aylesford “ Barrington St. Pictou Westville Bridgetown “ North End River Hebert Whitney Pier Canning Eentville Stellarton Windsor Chester Liverpool Sydney Yarmouth Dartmouth New Glasgow NEW BRUNSW CIC. Campbellton Gagetown Newcastle St. John Centreville Grand Manan Petitcodiac “ Charlotte St. Chatham Hampton Port Elgin “ Haymarket Sq. Chipman Hillsborough Riverside ‘‘ North End Dalhousie Jacquet River Sackville “ West St. John East Florenceville McAdam St. Andrews St. Stephen Fairville Moncton St. George Sussex Fredericton Minto St. John Woodstock QUEBEC. Chandler Maisonneuve New Richmond Port Daniel Ville St. Pierre Montreal New Carlisle Paspebiac Quebec Westmount ONTARIO, Arnprior Harrietsville St. Catharines Toronto Don Broh. Barrie London St. Jacobs St. Patrick and Belmont Merritton Toronto Spadina Berlin Ottawa “ King St. Branch Welland Brantford Mount Dennis ‘‘ Bloor & Spadina Weston Fort William Peterborough “ Bloor & St. Clarens Woodstock Hamilton Port Arthur “ Dundas St. “ East End PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Alberton Kensington O'Leary Summerside Charlottetown MANITOBA. ALBERTA, Winnipeg Elmwood—Winnipeg Calgary—West End Edmonton SASKATCHEWAN. Kamsack Moose Jaw Regina Saskatoon Lethbridge Prince Albert “ North End “ West Side BRITISH COLUMBIA. Victoria Vancouver—Granville St. Mission City NEW FOUNDLAND. Bay Roberts Bonavista Carbonear Grand Bank St. John's Bell Island Burun Twillingate Harbor Grace WEST INDIES. JAMAICA CUBA PORTO RICO Black River St. Ann's Bay Havana San Juan Kingston Port Antonio ‘‘ Monte St. Mandeville Port Maria Cienfuegos Montego Bay Savanna-la-Mar UNITED STATES. Boston Chicago, Ill New York Agency CO RIR HE sº Fº To N IT EN’Ts. GREAT BRITAIN, The London Joint Stock Bank, Limited The Royal Bank of Scotland FRANCE—Credit Lyonnais GERMANY–Dresdner Bank UNITED STATES. New York—Bank of New York, N. B. A. Boston—Merchants National Bank. Chicago–First National Bank. Philadelphia—Fourth Street National Bank. Baltimore— Citizens National Bank. San Francisco–Canadian Bank of Commerce. Minneapolis– First National Bank. $ Books and Statements annually submitted to independent outside audlt. A general banking business transacted. Letters of Credit and Travellers' Cheques issued available in all parts of the world. THE MOLSONS BANK INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, 1885 Capital Paid Up - - $4,000,000 Reserve Fund tº . tº 4,800,000 HEAD OFFICE, sº * = MONTREAL s . [.=i º º; i iº &; *Yi ;º º ; £; § º : : JAMES ELLIOT, General Manager E. C. PRATT. Asst. General Manager W. H. DRAPER, Superintendent of Branches B R A N C H E S Alberta Ontario—Con. Ontario—Com. Quebec—Con. Calgary Exeter St. Marys Knowlton Camrose Forest St. Thomas Lachine Locks Edmonton Frankford “ East End Br'oh. Montreal—St. James St. Lethbridge Hamilton Teeswater “ St. Cath. St. Branch British Columbia “Market Broh. Toronto “ Mkt. & Harbour “ Revelstoke Hensall “Queen St. & Bea- “ Maisonneuve £ 4 Vancouver . Highgate consfield Ave. “ St. Henri £ 4 “ East End Iroquois Trenton “ Cote des Neiges & ſº Manitoba Kingsville Wales “ St. Lawrence Blvd. “ Winnipeg Kirkton Waterloo “ Cote St. Paul & 4 “ Portage Ave. Lambton Mills West Toronto “ Park & Bernard Ave.” Ontario London Williamsburg Pierreville Alvinston Lucknow Woodstock Quebec Amherstburg Meaford Zurich Richmond Aylmer Merlin Quebec Roberval Belleville Morrisburg Arthabaska Sorel Berlin Norwich Bedford St. Cesaire Brockville Ottawa Chicoutimi Ste. Flavie Station Chesterville Owen Sound Cowansville St. Ours Clinton Port Arthur Drummondville Ste. Therese de Blainville Delhi Ridgetown Fraserville and Victoriaville Drumbo Simcoe Riviere du Loup Ville St. Pierre Dutton Smiths Falls Station Waterloo Uhe 18 mgal Uruaf (Jug. 107 St. James St. *…* * MON TR EAL - C A P , T A L = Capital Fully Paid, tº-8 * $1,000,000 Re. erve Fund sº {-, $1,000,000 BOARD OF DIRECTORS - Right Hon. Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal, G.C.M.G., President. H. V. Meredith, Vice-President. Sir H. Montagu Allan C. B. Gordon Hon. R. Mackay R. B. Angus E. B. Greenshields A. Macnider A. Baumgarten C. R. Hosºer David Morrice A. D. Braithwaite Sir W. C. Macdonald Sir T. G. Shaughnessy, K.C.V.O. Sir William C. Van Horne, K.C.M.G. DDD A. E. HOLT, tº e tº º Manager, SAFETY DEPOSIT WAULTS Bank of Montreal Building, 109 St. James Street, MONTREAL. IMPERIAL BANK OF CANADA ESTABLISHED 1875 Head Office - tº- - TORONTO Capital paid up - º - $6,945,562 Reserve Fund - tº tº tº a 7,000,000 Total Assets Over † : - 81,000,000 DIRECTORS D. R. WILKIE, President. Hon. ROBERT JAFFRAY, Vice-President Wm. Ramsay, of Bowland, Scotland, Elias Rogers, J. Kerr Osborne, Sir William Whyte (Winnipeg), Peleg Howland, Cawthra Mulock, Hon. Richard Turner (Quebec), Wm. Hamilton Merritt, M.D. (St. Catharines), W. J. Gage, BRANCHES IN THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO, QUEBEC, MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN, ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA, AGENTS:—ENGLAND: Lloyd's Bank, Limited. SCOTLAND: Commercial Bank of Scotland Limited. FRANCE: Crédit Lyonnais. GERMANY: Deutsche Bank. UNITED STATES: Bank of the Manhattan Company, NEW YORK. Information furnished regarding Canadian Securities and Investments. Special facilities for the transfer of monies to all pavts of Canada. Letters of Credit, Drafts and Travellers' Cheques issued, available in all parts of the world. Special attention given to collections. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT at all Branches ; Interest allowed on deposits at current rates. A GENERAL BANEING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. D. R. WILKIE, General Manager. E. HAY, Assistant General Manager. THE MERCHANTS’ BANK OF CANADA ESTABLISHED 1864 Head Office, * MONTREAL CAPITAL PAID UP - - - $6,881,400 (£1,413,986) Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits $6,911,050 (£1,420,079) President—SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN Vice-President—K. W. BLACKWELL. E. F. HEBDEN, General Manager. T E. MERRETT, Supt. of Branches and Chief Inspector. BRANCHES AND AGENCIES : ONTARIO Acton Finch Orillia Toronto. Alvinston Ford Ottawa “ Wellington St. Athens Fort William Owen Sound “ Dundas St. Belleville Galt Perth ... Parkdale Berlin Gananoque Prescott ‘‘ Parliament St. Bothwell Georgetown Preston Walkerton Brampton Glencoe Renfrew Walkerville Brantford Gore Bay Sandwich Wallaceburg Chatham Granton Stratford Watford Chatsworth Guelph St. Eugene West Lorne Chesley Hamilton - St. George Westport Creemore ** East End St. Thomas Wheatley elta Hanover Tara Williamstown Eganville Hespeler Thamesville Windsor gin Ingersoll Tilbury Yarker Elora QUEBEC Montreal—(Head Office) St. James St. Chateauguay Basin Rigaud * & 1255 St. Catherine St. E. Huntingdon Shawville & 4 320 St. Catherine St. W. Lachine Sherbrooke g ºt 1330 St. Lawrence Boul. Maisonneuve Ste. Agathe ... 1866 St. Lawrence Boul. Ormstown - St. Jerome 6 J 672 Centre St. Quebec St. Johns & 4 St. Denis St. “ St. Sauveur St. Jovite Beauharnois Quyon. Three Rivers NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK Halifax New Glasgow St. John MANITOBA & Brandon Hartney Napinka Port. la Prairie Starbuck Carberry MacGregor Neepawa Russell Winnipeg Gladstone Morris Oak Lake Souris ‘‘ Bann. Ave. ALBERTA Acme Daysland Hanna Munson Tofield Brooks Delburne Hughenden Okotoks Trochu Calgary Donalda Islay Olds Vegreville ** 2nd St. E. Edgerton Killam Raymond Viking Camrose Edmonton Lacombe Redcliff Wainwright Carstairs ‘‘ Alberta Ave. Leduc Red Deer Walsh Castor “ Athabasca Avelethbridge Sedgewick Wetaskiwin Chauvin “ Namayo Ave. Mannville Stettler West Edmonton Coronation Edson Medicine Hat Strome SASKATC HE WAN Antler Forres Kisbey Moose Jaw Shaunavon Arcola Frobisher Limerick Oxbow Unity Battleford Gull Lake Maple Creek Regina Whitewood Carnduff Gainsborough Melville Saskatoon w BRITISH COLUMBIA Chilliwack Elko Ganges Harbour Nanaimo New Westminster Sidney Vancouver (Hastings St.) Victoria Victoria (North) Sub-Agencies—QUEBEC, Bury, Napierville. ONTARIO, Addison, Calabogie, Frankville, Kent Bridge, London South, Lyndhurst, Muirkirk, Newington. Pelee Island. MANITOBA, Austin, Griswold, Lauder, Oakville, Sidney. ALBERTA, Botha, Czar, Irma, Rumsey. - E. TATES-New York—63 and 65 Wall Street. Agents in GREAT BRITAIN:—The London Joint Stock Bank, Limited; the Royal - ank of Scotland. A General Banking Business Transacted. Interest at 3 per cent, per annum allowed on SAVINGS BANK DE POSITS of $1.00 and upwards. Commercial Letters of Credit issued available in China, Japan and other Foreign Countries. Travellers' Letters of Credit and Cheques issued, available in all Parts of the World. Drafts sold available in any city or banking town in the United Kingdom or the United States. Particular attention given to Emigrants' business. & THE DOMINION BANK HEAD OFFICE, - - TORONTO, CANADA. Capital Paid Up - gº i- $ 5,650,000 Reserve Fund {-, tº . tº 6,650,000 Total Assets tº- tº • 84,000,000 Sir EDMUND B. OSLER, M.P., Pres. CLARENCE A. BOGART, Gen. Mgr. EXPORTERS of Grain, Cattle, Cheese and all Produce offered special facilities. EXCHANGE on all parts of the World bought and sold. Corres- pondents in all Countries. LETTERS OF CREDIT Travellers' and Commercial Letters of Credit and Travellers' Cheques issued, available throughout the World. MONTREAL BRANCH, 4- M. S. BOGART, Manager. STUDENTS, SCHOLARS, CLERKS, APPRENTICES, YOUNG MEN DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS WITH The Montreal City and District Savings Bank - ESTABLISHED 1846 DIRECTORS:—Hon. J. Ald. Quimet, Pres.; Hon. Robert Mackay, Vice- Pres.; Richard Bolton, Robert Archer, Hon. R. Dandurand, G. N. Moncel, #º; º: J. Doherty, Hon. Sir Lomer Gouin, Donald A. Hingston, M.D., • VV - IVlO4SOIl. THE ONLY BANK incorporated under the Savings Bank Act doing business in the City of Montreal. Its charter (different from that of all other Banks) ENSURES EVERY POSSIBLE PROTECTION to Depositors. ITS CHIEF OBJECT is to receive and to SAFELY INVEST SAVINGS however moderate, of the widow, orphan, scholar, clerk or apprentice, o the young people, and the working, industrial and agricultural classes. Every courtesy and attention will be shown to you, whether your account be large or small. - A. P. LESPERANCE, Manager. AsK FOR ONE of our “Home SAVINGs BANKs.” IT will HELP YOU TO SAVE. - The Bank of British North America ESTABLISHED IN 1836. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER IN 1840 Paid Up Capital tº º gº $4,866,666 Reserve Fund * . . * - [… $2,920,000 Head Office-5 Gracechurch St., London, E. C. J. DODDS, Secretary W. S. GOLDBY, Manager COURT OF DIRECTORS F. R. S. BALFOUR E. A. HOARE, Esq. J. H. BRODIE, Esq. H. J. B. KENDALL, Esq. J. H. MAYNE CAMPBELL, Esq. FREDERIC LUBBOCK, Esq. GEO. D. WHATMAN , Esq. C. W. TOMKINSON, Esq. Head Office in Canada–ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL H. B. MACKENZIE, General Manager J. ANDERSON, Supt. of Branches H. A. HARVEY, Supt. of Eastern Branches, Montreal J. McEACHERN, Supt. of Central Branches, Winnipeg O. R. ROWLEY, Chief Inspector J. H. GILLARD, A. S. HALL, and N. V. R. HUUS, Inspectors BRANCHES IN CANADA Agassiz, B.C. Ituna, Sask. St. Catharines, Ont. Alexander, Man. slo, B.C. St. John, N.B. Ashcroft, B.C. Kelliher, Sask. St. John, N.B., Haymarket Battleford, Sask. Kerrisdale, B.C. Square. Bella Coola, B. C. Belmont, Man. Bobcaygeon, Ont. Boucherville, P.Q. Bow Island, Alta. Brandon, Man. Brantford, Ont. Burdett, Alta. Cainsville, Ont. Calgary, Alta Čampbelſford, Ont. Ceylon, Sask. Darlingford, Man. Davidson, Sask. Dawson, Yukon. Duck Lake, Sask. Duncan, B.C. Edmonton, Alta. Esquimalt, B.C. Estevan, Sask. Fenelon Falls, Ont. Fort George, B.C. Fredericton, N.B. Girvin, Sask. alifax, N.S Hamilton, Ont. Hamilton, Ont. Victoria Ave. Hamilton, Ont. Westinghouse Ave. Hedley, B.C. NEW YORK 3: Wališºt Agents CHICAGO-Merchants Loan and Trust Co. BOSTON MINN EAPolis-secutiºnal Bank. land, Limited, and Branches. CHINA and JAPAN–Mercantilc Bank of India, Limited. WEST Bank. FRANCE—Credit Lyonnais. W. T. Oliver P. C. Harrison Kingston, Ont. Lampman, Sask. Iillooet, B.C. London, Ont. London, Market Sq. Longueuil, P.Q. Lytton, B.C. Macleod, Alta. Midland, Ont. Montreal, P.Q. “ St. Catherine Street, “ Rosemount. Mount Dennis, Ont. North Battleford, Sask. North Vancouver, B.C. “ Upper Lonsdale Ave, Oak River, Man. 150 Mile House, B.C. Ottawa, Ont. Paynton, Sask. Prince Rupert, B.C. Punnichy, Sask. Quebec, P.Q. Quebec, St. John's Gate, Quesnel, B.C. Raymore, Sask. Regina, Sask. Reston, Man. Rhein, Sask. Rossland, B.C. Rosthern, Sask. St. John, N.B., Union St. St. Stephen, N.B. Saltcoats, Sask. Saskatoon, Sask. Selkirk, Man. Semans, Sask. Toronto, Ont. Toronto, Ont., Bloor and Lansdowne. Toronto, Ont., King and Dufferin Sts. Toronto, Ont., Queen St. and Beech Ave. Toronto, Ont., Royce Ave. Trail, B.C. Vancouver, B.C. Varennes, P.Q. Verdun, P Victoria, B.C. Victoria, James Bay. Wakaw, Sask. Waldron, Sask. West Toronto, Ont. Weston, Ont. Winnipeg, Man. Winnipeg, McGregor and Selkirk Ave. Wynyard, Sask. Yorkton, Sask. AGENCIES IN UNITED STATES, ETC. 264 California Street “8 A. S. Ireland —Merchants National Bank. PORTLAND, ORE.-Ladd & Tilton. TLE-Dexter Horton National Bank. FOREIGN AGENTS–LONDON BANKERS–The Bank of England, Messrs. Glyn & Co. LIVERPOOL–Bank of Liverpool, Limited. SCOTLAND–National Bank of Scot- IRELAND–Provincial Bank of Ireland, Limited, and Branches. National Bank, Limited, and Branches. Australia, Limited. NEW ZEALAND–Union Bank of Australia, Limited. INDIA, for Colonial Bank, London and West Indies. Drafts, Money Orders, Circular Letters of Credit and Traveller’s Cheques issued, AUSTRALIA—Union Bank of INDIES-Colonial GERMANY–Deutsche Bank. Agents in Canada negotiable in all Parts of the World. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT AT ALL BRANCHES The Royal Bank of Canada INCORPORATED 1869 Head Office, - - MONTREAL H. S. HOLT, President. E. L. PEASE, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man. Capital Authorized - - - $ 25,000,000 Capital Paid Up " * †- * 11,560,000 Reserves - wº. " sº - - 13,000,000 Total Assets * , sº gº s 180,000,000 [] D 320 BRANCHES THROUGHOUT CANADA 28 BRANCHES IN CUBA, PORTO RICO AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BRANCHES IN BRITISH WEST INDIES BAHAMAS, Nassau; BARBADOS, Bridgetown; GRENADA, St. George's; JAMAICA, Kingston; TRINIDAD, Port of Spain and San Fernando; BRITISH HONDURAS, Belize. LONDON * NEW YORK Princes St., E.C. William and Cedar Streets A GENERAL B.A. N. KING BU S IN ESS T R A N S A C T E D The Mercantile Agency R. G. DUN & CO. [] [] Established 1841, 230 offices throughout the world. 17 in Canada as follows: MONTREAL HALIFAX, N.S. LETHBRIDGE, SASK. TORONTO ST. JOHN, N.B. MOOSE JAW, SASK.’ OTTAWA WINNIPEG REGINA, SASK. QUEBEC EDMONTON, ALTA. SASKATOON, SASK. HAMILTON CALGARY, ALTA. VANCOUVER, B.C. LONDON FORT WILLIAM, ONT. VICTORIA, B.C. T. H. FLEET District Manager e o © º Montreal The Canadian Bank of Commerce HEAD OFFICE, ſº tº tº TORONTO Capital Paid up, - - Reserve, - - $12,500,000 SI ALEX. LAIRD, General Manager $15,000,000 R EDMUND WALKER, C.V.O., LL.D., D.C.L., President JOHN AIRD, Asst. General Manager BRANCHES IN CANADA QUEBEC Acton Vale Dixville Lacolle Rock Island Asbestos Dunham Lawrenceville Roxton Falls (3 offices) Ayer's Cliff East Angus Lennoxville St Armand Station East Bedford East Hatley Magog . St. Chrysostome Beebe Eastman ansonville St. Felix de Valois Beloeil Farnham Marbleton St. Ferdinand Beloeil Station Foster Marieville de Halifax Bic Fraserville Megantic St. Gabriel West Bishop's Crossing Frelighsburg Montreal (6 offices de Brandon Brome Granby Nicolet St. George, Beauce Bromptonville Hemmingford North Hatley St. Hyacinthe Clarenceville Henryville Qrmstown St. Johns Chambly Basin Howick Philipsburg St. Joseph de Beauce Coaticook Huntingdon Pointe aux Trembles St. Philippe de Cookshire Iberville Quebec (2 offices) Laprairie Cowansville oliette Richmond St. Remi Danville nowlton Rimouski St. Sebastien § ONTARIO Ayr : Dundas Lindsay Port Perry Strathroy Barrie Dunnville London Port Stanley Sudbury Belleville Exeter Niagara Falls Rainy River Thedford Berlin Forest Orangeville St. ‘Catharines Tillsonburg Blenheim Fort Frances Oshawa St. Thomas Toronto Brantford Fort William Ottawa (2 offices) Sarnia (16 offices) Brockville Galt aris Sault Ste. Marie Walkerton Cayuga Goderich Parkhill (2 offices) Walkerville Chatham Gowganda Parry Sound Seaforth Waterloo obalt Guelph Peterboro Simcoe Wiarton Collingwood Hamilton Port Arthur Smith's Falls Windsor Cornwall Ingersoll Port Colborne South Porcupine Wingham Crediton Kingston Port McNicoli Stratford Woodstock Dresden ALBERTA Athabasca Landing Gleichen Lake Saskatoon New Dayton Strathmore Bassano Granum Lethbridge Olds aber. awlf - Grouard Lougheed Peace River Crossing Tilley Calgary (4 offices) 2 Ilirl2. Macleod Pincher Creek egreville Carmangay Hardisty Medicine Hat Ponoka Vermilion Champion Highland Milk River Provost Vulcan Claresholm High River Mirror Red Deer Warner Coleman Innisfail Monarch Stavely Wetaskiwin Crossfield Inisfree Monitor Stony Plain Youngstown Edmonton Kitscoty Nanton Strathcona SASEATCHEWAN Bengough 'ewvan Nutana Tugaske Biggar Lloydminster Outlook Vonda Blaine Lake Marcelin Prince Albert Wadena Briercrest Melfort Radisson Watrous Broderick Melville Radville Watson Canora Milestone Readlyn Weyburn Cudworth Moose Jaw Regina Wilcox' elisle Moosomin Saskatoon (2 offices) Willow Bunch Drinkwater Morse Shaunavon Wiseton a III. Nokomis Shellbrook Yellowgrass Elbow North Battleford Swift Current Yorkton Elfros MANITOBA Brandon Elkhorn , . Le Pas Rivers Treherne Carman Gilbert Plains Neepawa Swan River Virden Bºhin Grandview Portage la Prairie Transcona Winnipeg (7 offices) gill BRITISH COLUMBIA Chilliwack Fernie Ladysmith Parksville Salmon Arm Comox Golden Mission City Penticton South Hill Courtenay Grand Forks Nakusp Phoenix Summerland Cranbrook Greenwood Nanaimo Prince Rupert Vancouver (9 offices) Creston Kamloops Naramata Princeton ern OD Cumberland Kelowna Nelson Revelstoke Victoria (4 offices) Uilº Carl Keremeds New Westminster Rock Creek - YUKON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Dawson Alberton Montague Summerside White Horse Charlottetown Souris NEW BRUNSWICK NOVA SCOTIA Campbellton Amherst Halifax Springhill Fredericton Antigonish Middleton Sydney Moncton Barrington New Glasgow Truro St. John (2 offices) Bridgewater Parrsboro Windsor In the United States New York Portland, Ore. San Francisco Seattle In Mexico In Great Britain In Newfoundland Mexico City London, 2 Lombard Street, E.C. St. John's Bankers in Great Britain: The Bank of England The Bank of Scotland The Union of London and Smith's Bank, Limited Montreal Branch:-H. B. WALKER, Manager Lloyds Bank, Limited Parr's Bank, Limited Canadian Nunham Railway System Has now 6,800 miles in operation and 2,000 miles. under construction and nearing completion. It serves all the principal towns and cities in the Western Provinces and has 2,000 miles of line in Eastern Canada. Amongst the important cities served are: HALIFAX, QUEBEC, MONTREAL, OTTAWA, TORONTO, SUDBURY, PORT ARTHUR, DULUTH, WINNIPEG, PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, BRANDON, CARBERRY, REGINA, SASKATOON, PRINCE ALBERT, EDMONTON. The Company's terminal facilities for handling package freight and bulk grain at Port Arthur are unexcelled on the Great Lakes; and these, together rº- with special export facilities at Halifax, gº-ººse Quebec and Montreal, give the rail- way a pre-eminent position on the North American Continent. Through Bills of Lading are issued to and from British and Continental ports, and points in Canada and to the United States. The Canadian Northern Steamships, Limited THE BEST LINE FOR PACKAGE FREIGHT Triple Turbine Express Steamers R.M.S. “ROYAL EDWARD '' and R.M.S “ROYAL GEORGE * Cold Storage Cool Air FORTNIGHTLY SAILINGS BETWEEN MONTREAL, QUEBEC and BRISTOL in SUMMER ST. JOHN and BRISTOL in WINTER Communicate with Canadian Northern Agents, or the General Freight Dept., TORONTO, Ont., MONTREAL, Que., WINNIPEG, Man., HALIFAX, N.S. GEO. H. SHAW, General Traffie Manager, TORONTO, Ont. S E A S O N 1 9 1 3 EXPORT TRADE OF THE T OF MONTREAL G A Z E T T E B U 1 L D 1 N G, M O N T R E A L Showing the Foreign Business in CANADIAN FRODUCTS C O M F I L E D BY THE co MMERCIAL D E F A R T M E N T OF “The Gazette" THE GAZETTE PRINTING CO., LIMITED, MONTREAL. S. S. “MANCHESTER CITY” 8,600 TONS Manchester Liners, Limited THE ONLY DIRECT AND REGULAR LINE BETWEEN cANADA AND MANchester First-Class Service of modern freight steamers under special contract with the Dominion Government. Steamers are fitted with Cold Storage accommodation for perishable products. Summer Service from MONTREAL and QUEBEC Winter Service from ST. JOHN, N.B., and HALIFAX, N.S. The object of this line is to develop the Canadian Trade with Manchester, which is the centre of about 7,500,000 people—one of the largest markets in the World. Shippers throughout Canada are meeting with success even beyond their expectations. FURNESS LINE from FOWEY to THREE RIVERS and MONTREAL FURNESS LINE MONTREAL To HULL THROUGH BILL OF LADING GRANTED TO AND FROM ALI, westERN POINTS FUR NESS, WITH Y & CO., Limited, GENERAL AGENTS, MONTREAL The Trade of Canada HE year 1913, which opened with brilliant prospects, closed somewhat clouded over. Taken as a whole, the twelve months have witnessed at least as great a degree of trade activity as in 1912, but the gain in the first-half alone counter- balanced the loss of the second-half, and the new year will be entered upon under slowing-down conditions. Thus the statis- tics are somewhat misleading if regarded merely in the aggre- gate. Foreign trade is of greater value than ever before; bank clearings have held up in the aggregate; bank note circulation in October was unprecedented in amount; animal and dairy products have touched new high price levels; railway earnings exceed all previous figures; a good crop has been reaped. These are all favorable features. On the other hand, the gain in foreign trade has been in exports and not in imports—a good thing; bank clearings equal those of 1912, because of large increases in the first six months; bank note circulation was expanded in October by the early and rapid crop movement in the Northwest; and railway earnings were augmented by the same cause. The pause in business in recent months, and which may continue for some time, has been world-wide, no country being an exception, and, broadly speaking, the halt is attributable to money stringency in the great financial centres. The financing of the Balkan wars, the enormous drain of capital for development purposes in various countries, the world-wide trade activity in recent years; in a word, the enor- mous borrowings through the whole gamut from governments to individuals, have temporarily so depleted the floating supply of capital as to close the money market to other than gilt-edged securities, and even these have been required to carry a high rate of interest. In the seven fiscal months ending with October, the foreign trade of Canada was $636,000,000, against $582,400,000 in the 16 THE TRADE OF CANADA corresponding period of the preceding year, and in this period the excess of imports over exports has been reduced from $190,000,000 to $145,000,000. Indications are that exports will continue to rise, and imports to fall until monetary conditions abroad change. The opening of a free market in the United States to many important items of Canadian produce has turned a large stream of trade to that country. Crops, as has been said, have been well up to average throughout the Domi- nion, the wheat yield of the Northwest provinces being placed at not less than 190,000,000 bushels, and other grains giving a large output. The early conversion of these crops into money is expected to ameliorate the situation in that section to the advantage of general trade; but the day of the land shark is gone for the time. Immigration has been larger than in 1912, the number of people settling in Canada this year being approximately 430,000, and, generally, they have been of a desirable class. Railway construction has been actively prose- euted, and the work presently in hand assures a large employ- ment of labor and expenditure of money for this purpose during the coming year. Marine business has been good, both inland and ocean-borne, the number of sea-going vessels arriving at Montreal having been 820, of a tonnage of 2,690,535 tons. This is an increase of 84 vessels and 288,432 tons over 1912. More than 51,700,000 bushels of grain were exported from Montreal during the season, a great excess over any preceding year. Business failures have been neither abnormally large in number nor in amount of liabilities. Banks all report increased earnings, and are in a position to readily meet the require- ments of legitimate trade. While building operations have been contracted in the Northwest and British Columbia, there was no abatement in the Eastern provinces, the value of build- ing permits in Montreal during the eleven months ending with November having been $25,723,000, as compared with $18,957,000 in the preceding year. The mining industry con- tinues to develop satisfactorily. The latest official figures are for the year 1912, when the mineral production of Canada was $133,127,500. The fisheries were prosperous and of greater THE TRADE OF CANADA 17 production. Dairy products have fallen off in export, but the return to the producers is believed to have been greater than ever before, the drop in exports being due to the enlarged domestic demand for milk and milk products, for which high prices ruled throughout the year. Finally, in summing up the trade situation in Canada at the close of 1913, the remarks of the president of the Bank of Montreal, Mr. H. W. Meredith, in his address at the annual meeting on December 1st may aptly be employed:—“My last words are of counsel and con- fidence. The finger of prudence points to a policy of conser- vatism. While the financial sky remains clouded over in Europe, we shall do well to hasten slowly. It is not a time to attempt enterprises of a speculative nature, nor to undertake new commitments prior to the financing thereof, and an accu- mulation of stock by merchants and manufacturers should, as far as possible, be avoided. The excellent harvest, particularly in the Northwest, should do much towards liquidating debts and ameliorating the situation, but it seems probable we will be compelled to pause a while in the wonderful progress of expansion of the last ten years. On the other hand, the com- mercial condition of Canada is fundamentally sound. Business as a whole, as I have said, continues good. Our vast natural resources have scarcely been Scratched. Immigration is large, railway construction active, new territory and new sources of wealth are being steadily opened, the confidence of British and foreign capitalists in our country is unabated. A temporary halt can only refresh Canada for yet greater achievements.” TELE FINANCIAL SITUATION. The year has been one of much financial disturbance the world over; money has been hard to get and the price of it has risen, the Bank of England discount rate remaining at 5 per cent. for many months. Unprecedented activity in all countries, coupled with the loans necessitated by the Balkan war, and very large borrowings by governments, municipalities, railway corporations, etc., imposed a strain upon the great money markets of the world they were unable to sustain, and 18 THE TRADE OF CANADA f concurrently with the rise in interest rates was a diminution in the supply of money. Canada has felt the condition in com- mon with other countries, though not so acutely as some. Early in the year our banks threw out caution signals. Borrowers were warned that for a time, at least, new commitments must be avoided, and that resources must be husbanded. Sail was taken in a bit. Cash reserves were strengthened. And thus by timely preparation serious consequences were avoided. No department of legitimate trade, indeed, suffered from adequate bank accommodation for current needs; the wild-catter, the exploiter, the speculator alone felt the pinch of tight money and were compelled to abandon the pleasant pastime of sending up balloons. The condition of the banks in Canada at the close of Octo- her in the last three years is thus shown — f Oct., 1911. Oct., 1912. Oct., 1913. Capital paid up . . . . . . . . . . $ 106,163,549 $ 114,134,182 $ 117,341,476 Reserve fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,418,824 104,639,396 109,624,776 Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,855,021 110,696,877 118,234,359 Public depositS . . . . . . . . . . . 918,404,607 - 1,023,912,500 1,011,367,714 Due to foreign agents. . . . . 7,878,455 11,883,413 22,484,098 Specie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,287,510 37,126,294 44,386,542 Dominion notes . . . . . . . . . . 86,015,960 94,673,129 90,111,738 Due from banks in G. B. . . 23,486,850 18,949,536 12,288,909 Due from foreign agents. . . 31,033,608 28,339,564 31,946,639 Canadian Govt. Securities. 10,186,681 9,147,731 10,917,054 Railway and Other sec'r’ts 63,105,538 63,782,047 72,732,318 Call loans in Canada. . . . . . . 69,088,467 73,959,866 71,118,255 Municipal securities . . . . . 22,461,448 22,780,080 22,787,641 Call loans Outside Canada. 88,722,640 101,186,983 93,346,810 Current loans in Canada. . . 768,492,008 879,676,655 862,313,367 Total liabilities . . . . . . $1,164,586,063 $1,283,211,402 $1,328,497,371 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . 1,381,280,989 1,521,105,096 1,575,550,980 An examination of the foregoing figures discloses a strengthening of reserves rather than a contraction of credit. The cash reserves, specie and Dominion notes, were at the end of October $134,500,000, as against $131,800,000 a year before. On the other hand, foreign balances have been reduced, the excess of amount due from foreign agents over the amount due to these agents having fallen from $35,405,000 in October, 1912, to $21,750,000 at the corresponding date this year, a THE TRADE OF CANADA 19 decrease of nearly $14,000,000. Current loans in Canada have been slightly reduced, being $17,300,000 less than a year before, thus reflecting a slowing down in the domestic trade and a disposition to contract credit until financial conditions improve. Bank note circulation reached high-water mark at the end of October, being $118,200,000, or nearly $8,000,000 larger than a year ago. This expansion, however, is to be attributed wholly to the early and larger movement to market of the Northwest crop, and it is probable that during the early part of the winter the note circulation will contract somewhat sharply through the return of the notes to banks. Call loans outside Canada were reduced about $8,000,000 on the year, these loans really constituting part of the banks’ reserves, rising and falling according to the requirements of the home trade. At the end of October the banks had deposits of $7,374,000 in the Central Gold Reserve, against which they were enabled to emit a like amount of notes. The nature of this Central Reserve is more fully explained under the heading of The Bank Act. The following figures will illustrate the great expansion of banking and trade in Canada during the last ten years:– Oct., 1903. Oct., 1913. Capital paid up . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 78,286,682 $ 117,341,476 Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,989,361 109,624,776 Public deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394,009,696 1,011,367,714 Specie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,219,299 44,386,542 Dominion notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,980,289 90,111,738 Railway, and other securities. 38,110,005 72,732,318 Municipal Securities . . . . . . . . . 14,717,439 22,787,641 Call loans in Canada. . . . . . . . . 40,728,320 71,118,255 Current loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380,823,166 862,313,367 In the decade, capital and rest have increased 44 per cent., public deposits 157 per cent. and current loans in Canada 126 per cent, a remarkable expansion, particularly when the growth of population in the period is considered. The population is, approximately, now 8,000,000. The note circulation of the banks at the end of October was $118,200,000, and the circula- tion of Dominion notes of small denomination $29,965,000, or a total of $148,000,000 in circulation in the form of paper, 20 THE TRADE OF CANADA besides several millions in subsidiary coinage, thus representing an average circulation for the daily conduct of the business of Canada of something like $20 per head of population. Public deposits also exhibit a striking increase, the figures being :- - - 1903 - 1913 Chartered banks . . . . . . . . . . . $ 382,000,000 $1,011,000,000 Government “ . . . . . . . . . . 61,000,000 56,000,000 Savings “ . . . . . . . . . . 21,000,000 39,000,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 464,000,000 $1,106,000,000 The population of Canada may be reckoned at 5,700,000 ten years ago, and at 8,000,000 at the present time, so that the per capita deposit in 1903 was $81 and in 1913 it was $138, indicating a remarkable degree of prosperity and thrift during the period. - UNITED STATES TARIFF. The revision of the United States tariff, which was finally accomplished in October, opens a large free market to many articles of Canadian production, and will appreciably enlarge our sales to that country. The list of natural products admitted into the United States free of duty includes: Cattle, Swine, sheep, rye, buckwheat, corn, fresh milk, fresh cream, eggs, grass seeds, oysters, lobsters, shrimps, and other shell fish; all other fish, except in oil, or in tin packages; salt, asbestos, crude, barbed wire, extract of hemlock bark, Cream separators, typesetting machines, coke, timber hewn, squared or sided; sawed boards, planks, deals and other lumber, pickets and palings, wooden stairs; meats, fresh or salted, bacon and hams, canned meats, tallow, lard, buckwheat flour, cornmeal, rye flour, agricultural implements, laths, shingles, iron ore, bituminous coal, boards planed, tongued and grooved, cement, sewing machines, cast-iron pipe, leather, condensed milk, and many other articles. Already a large export of cattle and other live stock, eggs, milk, cream, etc., to the United States has taken place, in consequence of which prices have risen. The situation in Ontario, as regards live stock, is thus described by the Department of Agriculture THE TRADE OF CANADA 21 - ! of that province :—“Farmers have found so keen a competition for beef between local butchers and buyers for the British and |United States’ markets, that not only fat cattle and stockers, but even old dry cows and very young cattle have been dis- posed of at prices very satisfactory to the sellers. Some, indeed, fear that too many young animals have been let go, and as a consequence more calves are being kept than formerly. The demand for sheep has also been strong, and they are now scarcer than ever. Hogs have been selling steadily all the year, but they also are scarce and dear. All classes of stock show a clean bill of health, though many have been a little on the lean side. Taking it all together, the live stock business in Ontario is booming.” CANADA's MINERAL WEALTH. The latest official returns of mineral production in Canada are for 1912, when the output had a value of $133,127,489, an increase of 24 per cent. Over 1910, the best previous year. This increase was well distributed over a wide variety of mineral products, and indicates general activity in all branches. Copper production increased from $6,886,998 in 1911 to $12,709,311 last year. This was due to a record output from British Columbia. The output of gold increased from $9,781,077 to $12,559,443, the feature being an increase from $42,625 to $1,745,292 in Ontario with its Porcupine district. The Yukon production was $5,540,000 and British Columbia $5,167,390. The nickel production also grew from $10,229,623 to $13,452,463. Higher prices for many of the more important minerals helped to increase the value of Canadian production. Ontario produced $51,000,000 worth, or 38 per cent., of the total mineral output. British Columbia’s production was 29 millions, Nova Scotia 18 millions. The largest gains, however, were Alberta from $6,662,673 to $12,110,960, and British Columbia, $21,299,305 to $29,555,323. The total value of silver produced was $19,425,656; coal, 36 millions; Portland cement, nine millions; clay bricks, seven millions. 22 THE TRADE OF CANADA FOREIGN TRADE. The foreign trade of Canada continues to augment in value. In the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1913, it amounted to $1,068,660,000, or $206,000,000 more than in 1902, and since March a further expansion has occurred. The adverse balance of trade, however, has run less heavily against Canada since July last, imports declining, while exports have been larger, and the indications are that this trend will continue for some time. Imports during the seven months ending October 31st, Were — 1912. 1913. Dutiable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . $254,847,627 $262,296,810 Free goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,384,113 128,247,967 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . . . . 386,231,740 390,544,777 3,222,758 3,608,144 $389,454,498 $394,152,921 # * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º tº Duty collected $ 66,342,453 $ 67,761,983 tº e º s e s & e s tº tº e º º s On the seven months there is still a small excess of im- ports over last year, $4,300,000, but the whole of this increase occurred in the early months of the period. Thus, in the month of October the value of merchandise imported was $52,381,300, as compared with $61,045,400 in October, 1912, showing a decline of nearly $9,000,000. On the other hand exports show a substantial gain, the figures for seven months ending with October being:— 1912. 1913. DOmestic. Foreign. Domestic. Foreign. The mine . . . . . . . . . . $ 33,394,239 $ 83,787 $ 34,075,609 $ 110,623 The fisheries . . . . . . . 8,463,482 72,007 11,331,130 46,974 The forest . . . . . . . . . 29,593,727 375,431 29,087,706 521,566 Animals and their produce . . . . . . . . . 29,010, 181 611,857 31,029,292 876,629 Agriculture 72,174,275 7,468,779 108,921,172 7,668,046 Manufactures . 23,528,875 5,234,364 31,037,446 7,427,080 Miscellaneous - 47,694 1,628,371 67,299 2,346,093 Total merchandise 196,213,473 15,474,596 245,549,654 18,997,011 Coin and bullion. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,401,307 . . . . . . . . 7,465,762 Total exports . . . . $196,213,473 $ 21,875,903 $245,549,654 $ 26,462,773 THE TRADE OF CANADA 23 The increase in the value of Canadian goods exported during the seven months was $49,300,000 over the preced- ing year, of which no less than $36,750,000 was in agricul- tural products. Moreover, about one-half of the total increase occurred in the month of October when the value of exports was $57,144,400, or $23,650,000 in excess of October, 1912, the whole increment occurring in the item of agricultural pro- ducts. The explanation of this great jump is the early marketing of the Northwest crop, harvesting having been two or three weeks earlier than in 1912, the weather propitious for threshing, and the grain being rushed to tide-water for export. A notable increase, $7,500,000, is shown in the export of manu- factures during the seven months, and also a substantial gain in the value of products of the fisheries shipped abroad. In the short space of eight years the foreign trade of Canada has doubled, the figures by fiscal years being:— Exports. Canadian Foreign Total Years. —Imports.- : Produce. Produce. Trade. 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . $290,360,807 $235,483,956 $21,102,674 $546,947,437 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . 354,500,894 226,512,063 31,659,611 612,672,568 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . 358,428,616 246,960,968 33,045,638 638,435,222 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,205,957 242,603,586. 18,908,573 559,718,116 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . 375,833,016 279,247,551 22,110,978 677,191,545 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461,951,318 274,316,553 22,879,812 759,147,683 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . 547,482,190 290,223,857 25,093,393 862,799,440 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . 675,428,168 355,754,600 37,477,457 1,068,660,225 Since 1906, the value of imports has risen $385,000,000, while the value of domestic exports has risen only $120,000,000. Of the increase in imports during the eight year period, $268,- 500,000 was in dutiable goods, and $116,600,000 in free goods. Roughly, two-thirds of the increase was in trade with the United States, and one-third in trade with Great Britain, the figures being as follows:— Imports from Exports to G. JP. U. S. G. B. U. S. 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 69,194,600 $175,862,000 $133,095,000 $ 97,806,500 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,659,400 441,155,800 177,982,000 167,110,382 This large percentage of imports drawn from the United States is due in great measure to the fact that the raw materials 24 THE TRADE OF CANADA of Canadian manufactures come from that country, as the fol- lowing items of free imports from the United States in 1913 shows:— : . . Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . $ 709,621 Manilla grass . . . . . . $ 1,318,245 Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,511,510 Gutta, percha. . . . . . . . 5,637,479 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,304,098 Hides . . . . ......... 3,215,266 Cordage . . . . . . . . . . . 2,335,955 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . 6,890,188 Raw Cotton . . . . . . . . 8,735,191 Mineral oil. . . . . . . . ... 10,250,934 Crude chemicals .... 6,372,227 Cotton seed . . . . . . . . 1,126,541 Green fruits ........ 6,235,855 Rags and waste..... 1,092,019 Raw furs . . . . . . . . . . . 3,642,980 Settlers’ effects ..... 10,675,453 Lumber and wood. . . 19,184,547 Leaf tobacco . . . . . . . 4,893,065 The foregoing items represent a value of $120,130,000, consisting of articles not obtainable from Great Britain in ordinary course, with the single exception of settlers’ effects, and the statement serves to explain why, despite the preferential tariff on British products, imports into Canada from the United States are so much greater than from Great Britain. The trade of Canada with other countries than Great Britain and the United States is comparatively small, the figures being for the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1913:— - Imports from Exports to Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,020,178 $4,808,997 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [15,379,764 2,570,497 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,214,547 3,402,394 Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . 2,057,974 -- 4,728,202 South America. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,528,857 4,363,297 West Indies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,576,966 6,237,468 In the last decade the value of Canadian products exported has increased $141,300,000, the figures being:— Produce of - 1903. 1913. The mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $31,064,861 $57,442,546 Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,800,184 16,336,721 Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,386,015 43,255,060 Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,817,542 44,784,593 Agricultural . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,624,321 150,145,661 Manufactures . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,624,967 43,692,708 . . Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,784 97,311 The decline in the export trade in animals and their pro- ducts has been due to the increased home consumption, the THE TRADE OF CANADA 25 export of cattle, butter and eggs to Great Britain being now practically nil. The large relative growth in the export of manufactures is satisfactory and significant. The following statement details the export from Canada to Great Britain and the United States of the principal articles shipped, the figures being for twelve months ending August 31st, 1913:— TO TUnited To United Articles Exported Ringdom. States. Cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 741,212 $ 1,242,410 Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,870 499,108 Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,982 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . 5,073,258 553,335 Bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,597 791,986 Cereal foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280,005 32,741 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,362,078 797,380 Oatmeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603,171 11 Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,812,569 12,232,469 Wheat flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,456,120 24,817 Coal, coke, cinders and charcoal. 18,716 3,732,139 Cordage, rope and twine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696,119 Cod, etc., dry salted . . . . . . . . . . . 78,515 879,596 Lobsters, Canned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,028,716 832,221 Salmon, Canned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,341,783 21,666 Apples, fresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,790,734 21,623 Furs, skins and mfrs. Of . . . . . . . 3,242,626 2,092,610 Hay . . . . . . . . . . ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 690,626 1,262,699 Hides and skins, other than fur. 3,993 7,915,109 Sole and upper leather . . . . . . . 1,153,743 66,532 Aluminum in bars, blocks, etc. 510,522 730,954 Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,435 2,143,206 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353,242 9,619,101 e Gold-bearing quartz, dust, etc. . . 56,916 12,798,047 Iron and steel and miſrs. Of . . . . 869,480 1,931,644 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630,361 4,343,614 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,576,492 6,490,173 Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522,817 6,807,192 Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,254 68,240 Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,655,264 30,513 Meats—Balcon and hams . . . . . . . 4,806,246 16,068 Seeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,720,793 11,293,234 Settlers’ effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,399 2,139,488 Whiskey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,761 821,220 Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,645 787,723 Lumber—Deals, pine . . . . . . . . . . , 1,026,178 59,363 Deals Spruce and other . . . . . 5,584,749 622,469 Laths, palings and pickets. . 28,564 1,976,541 Planks and boards . . . . . . . . . 2,100,886 15,709,285 Shingles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 1,304,628 Timber, Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804,009 13,659 Wood blocks for pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,467,639 Wood pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº º 877,092 4,467,691 26 THE TRADE OF CANADA THE BALANCE OF TRADE. The large excess of imports over exports in the foreign trade of Canada has been the subject of attention by economists, and some criticism of an adverse character has been made, The figures for the last six fiscal years are as follows:— Exports. Imports. 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $263,369,000 $351,880,000 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,900,000 288,135,000 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301,360,000 375,833,000 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,764,000 451,691,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,716,000 521,348,000 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393,232,000 692,032,000 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,824,341,000 $2,680,919,000 The excess of imports in the period has amounted to $856,000,000. What is the cause of this large adverse balance, and how has it been met? There are many considerations entering into the matter. Canada has borrowed immense sums of money in the British market during the past decade, the loans during the six years, 1908-13, being estimated at not less than $1,050,000,000, a sum in itself more than adequate to bridge the gap between imports and exports. The proceeds of these loans reach Canada in the form of merchandise to a con- siderable extent, and not in the form of gold, and appear on the import side of the foreign trade account. Now, while this mer- chandise is paid for out of the proceeds of long-term loans, the loans themselves are for many years a charge only to the extent of the annual interest thereon. In other words, the balance of trade has already been liquidated by loans on capital account, and imposes no strain on the commercial and financial position of Canada. This process cannot, of course, continue indefinitely. Ultimately the loans must be paid off, if not renewed, but mean- while the development of our natural resources proceeds; new markets for our surplus products are being found; domestie manufactures more and more displace imported goods; and in due course, following the experience of the United States, Can- ada may expect to become a creditor nation. This, however, is only one aspect of the question. In the case of Canada a further THE TRADE OF CANADA 27 factor must be taken into account in considering the trade re- turns, that is the property brought into the country by immi- grants. During the past few years well-to-do farmers have crossed the border in hundreds of thousands, bringing with them their own capital, in order to start in the new lands of Western Canada. The estimate which the “Canada Year Book” gives of the value of the effects and cash brought into Canada by immigrants from the United States is as follows: 1908. . . . . . . . . . $65,800,000 1910. . . . . . . . . . $132,200,000 1909. . . . . . . . . . 73,790,000 1911. . . . . . . . . . 201,780,000 Taking the figures for 1912 to be the same as those for 1911 (the immigration from the United States was somewhat larger), the total for the five years would be 675 million dollars. This capital would be brought in, in the first instance, no doubt in the form of cash or drawing credits. But ultimately it would take the form of imports of merchandise, largely from the United States. These imports appear in the trade returns; but there is no need of exports to balance them, since they are paid for by the immigrating farmers’ cash or credits. THE BANES ACT. The Bank Act was finally revised at the last session of Par- liament, and the Bank charters extended for a further period of ten years. Several amendments have been incorporated in the new law, none of which, however, alter or disturb the basic prin- ciples of the legislation of previous years. The aim has been to improve and strengthen a banking system which has admir- ably met the requirements of the country, and has, as a whole, worked exceedingly well. The most important amendments are those providing for a shareholders’ audit, and for the creation of a Central Gold Reserve. From a list of auditors selected by the Canadian Bankers’ Association, and approved by the Min- ister of Finance, the shareholders at the annual meeting are required to appoint one or more auditors, whose duties are thus defined:— “17. Every auditor of a bank shall have a right of access to the books and accounts, cash, securities, documents and vouchers of the bank, and shall be entitled to require from the directors and 28 THE TRADE OF CANADA officers of the bank such information, and explanation as may be necessary for the performance of the duties of the auditors. “18. If the bank has branches or agencies it shall be sufficient for all the purposes of this section if the auditors are allowed access to the returns, reports and statements and to such copies of extracts from the books and accounts of any such branch or agency as have been transmitted to the chief office, but the auditors may in their discretion visit any branch or agency for the purpose of examining the books and accounts, cash, securities, documents and vouchers at the branch or agency. “19. It shall be the duty of the auditors once at least during their term of Office, in addition to such checking and verification as may be necessary for their report upon the statement submitted to the shareholders under section 54 of this Act, and at a different time, to check the cash and verify the securities of the bank at the chief Office Of the bank against the entries in regard thereto in the books Of the bank, and, should they deem it advisable, to check and verify in the same manner the cash and securities at any branch or agency.” '. The auditors are also required to present a report of their Work to the annual meeting of shareholders. The Central Gold Reserve is a device to enable banks to increase their note issue beyond the limits previously fixed. This central reserve is under the control of four trustees, of whom three are appointed by the Canadian Bankers’ Associa- tion and One by the Minister of Finance, and the banks are permitted to issue notes to the amount of the gold coin and legal tenders (Dominion notes) deposited in the Central Reserve. The note-issuing powers of a bank are now three-fold: (1) the amount of its paid-up capital; (2) during the crop-moving season, September 1st to February 28th, a bank may, in addi- tion, issue its notes up to 15 per cent of its combined paid-up capital and Rest Account, upon which excess issue 5 per cent. interest is paid to the Government; and (3) the amount of its deposit of gold coin and legal tenders in the Central Reserve. Many banks have availed themselves of the new note-issuing privilege, which provides the means of enlarging note circula- tion at will, while protecting absolutely the note-holders. Two other amendments to the Bank Act may be noted:— Additional safeguards have been introduced in connection with the incorporation and organization of banks to ensure the Joona fides or original subscriptions for stock, and to facilitate the recovery of unpaid liability thereon, while statements of THE TRADE OF CANADA 29 disbursements for preliminary expenses will require to be sub- mitted to the Treasury Board for approval before a certificate to commence business is issued. Enlarged powers have been given to banks in the interests of those concerned to lend to receivers and liquidators appointed under the winding-up Act upon the property and assets under their charge, and also to farmers upon the security of threshed grain grown upon their farms, while definitions have been pro- vided of “products of agriculture,” “products of the forest” and “ products of the sea, lake and rivers,” which will materially assist in removing doubts which previously existed regarding the power to lend on certain classes of goods now comprehended therein. THE CROP OUTPUT. The harvest in Canada was the country over a good one. In the eastern provinces the yield of grain was diminished by lack of moisture in the early summer, and in Some portions of Ontario and Quebec the crop of cereals and hay was below the average. Weather conditions throughout the Northwest, how- ever, were generally favorable, especially so during harvesting, with the result that the crop was gathered much earlier than in 1912, and was saved in excellent condition. For spring wheat the estimate for the end of September is 188,468,000 bushels as compared with 182,840,000 bushels last year. For fall wheat the estimate is 19,107,000 bushels as against 16,396,000 bushels last year. The total estimated wheat production this year is therefore 207,575,000 bushels as com- pared with 199,236,000 bushels last year, an increase of 8,339,000 bushels or 4% per cent. The yield per acre for all wheat is 21:15 bushels as compared with 20.42 bushels last year. Oats show a total yield of 391,418,000 bushels and an average of 40-57 bushels as compared with 361,733,000 bushels and an average yield of 39.25 bushels. Barley gives an estimated total yield of 44,348,000 bushels and an average of 31:00 bushels per acre as compared with 44,014,000 bushels and an average of 31.10 bushels in 1912. For this year the total production of rye 30 THE TRADE OF CANADA is 2,559,000 bushels, of peas 3,974,000 bushels, of buckwheat 7,600,000 bushels, of flax 14,912,000 bushels, of mixed grains 17,178,000 bushels, of corn for husking 14,086,000 bushels, of beans 989,500 bushels as compared with a total yield last year for rye of 2,594,000 bushels, for peas of 3,773,500 bushels, for buckwheat of 10,193,000 bushels, for flax of 21,681,500 bushels, for mixed grains of 17,952,000 bushels, for corn for husking of 16,569,800 bushels, for beans of 1,040,800 bushels. For the three Northwest provinces the total yield of spring wheat is estimated at 183,852,000 bushels, of fall wheat at 5,264,000 bushels, of oats at 239,595,000 bushels, of barley at 27,904,000 bushels, of rye at 686,000 bushels, of flax at 14,808,- 000 bushels. The average quality of these crops measured upon a per cent. basis of 100 as representing grain well headed, well filled, well saved and unaffected to any appreciable extent by frost, rust, Smut, etc., is as follows: spring wheat 89:17, oats 90:52, barley 88.25, rye 85.41, peas 81-71, beans 78.48, buck- wheat 73:40, mixed grains 90.59, flax 82.68, corn or husking 75-16. Of these wheat, oats, barley and rye are above the average quality for either of the last two years. In the Northwest provinces the area and yield of the prin- cipal grain crops was:— 1913. 1912. 1913. 1912. Manitoba– A CreS. A CreS. Bush. Bush. Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,900 3,100 84,000 69,900. Spring wheat . . . . . . . . . . 2,600,700 2,650,000 52,898,000 58,830,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316,200 1,269,000 58,281,000 53,806,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468,600 454,600 15,126,000 14,965,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,000 94,000 629,000 1,174,000 Saskatchewan— * Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,000 53,000 1,526,000 1,143,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . . . . . . 4,962,800 4,838,500 102,780,000 92,706,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,463,900 2,285,600 109,988,000 105,115,000. Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,100 180,300 6,625,000 5,926,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139,100 1,463,000 12,883,000 18,931,000 Alberta— Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176,000 161,000 2,654,000 3,515,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . . . . . . 1,198,400 1,256,200 28,174,000 27,059,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘1,525,700 1,359,300 71,326,000 62,936,000. Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,000 174,900 6,153,000 5,780,000. Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,200 21,000 686,000 537,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,800 111,400 1,296,000 1,429,000 THE TRADE OF CANADA 31 BANFC CLEARINGS. The Clearings of Canadian banks for eleven months end- ing with November barely equal those of 1912, a not unsatisfac- tory comparison considering the money stringency, slowing down of trade, collapse of the real estate boom, and stagnant state of the stock markets during the autumn. The figures follow :- - Inc. or D€6. - 1911. 1912. 1913. % MOntreal . . . . . . $2,163,707,430 $2,598,576,945 $2,627,627,214 + 1.1 Toronto . . . . . . . 1,679,421,685 1,975,335,475 1,979,463,618 –– 0.2 Winnipeg . . . . . . 1,042,645,008 1,370,391,110 1,461,072,379 –– 6.6 TVancouver . . . . . 493,808,692 589,684,062 559,108,260 — 5.2 Ottawa. . . . . . . . . 193,048,009 226,633,907 189,266,527 —16.5 Quebec . . . . . . . . 120,491,733 143,313,924 150,736,197 —H 5.2 Halifax . . . . . . . . 79,510,187 91,567,084 95,365,744 - 4.1 Calgary . . . . . . . 196,544,442 249,719,444 226,413,980 — 9.3 IHamilton . . . . . . • 112,398,728 151,145,142 169,539,450 --12.1 St. John . . . . . . . 70,039,942 80,248,218 75,720,624 — 5.6 Victoria. . . . . . . . 123,176,473 166,513,923 163,716,947 — 1.7 London . . . . . . . 64,612,954 76,088,330 82,678,783 – 8.7 IEdmonton . . . . . 107,309,499 199,078,409 194,977,529 — 2.1 Total . . . . . . $6,446,714,782 $7,918,095,973 $7,975,687,252 Other Northwest cities in which clearing houses have been established, and the amount of the clearings for the eleven months of this and last year are:— 1913. 1912. Inc. Or Dec. Regina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $118,731,034 $103,915,826 --14.3 Brandon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,790,725 29,019,837 — 0.8 Lethbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,147,825 30,489,503 — 14.2 Saskatoon ............... 87,858,177 103,757,384 –15.3 Moose Jaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,142,554 57,421,718 — 4.0 Fort William . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,519,578 36,330,599 ––22.5 * It may be noted that the commercial supremacy of Mont- real, as measured by bank clearings, remains conspicuous. The 32 THE TRADE OF CANADA position of Montreal’s relation to the principal cities in the United States is thus shown, the figures being for eleven months:– (000’s omitted) 1910. New York . . . . . . . . $89,249,695 Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . 12,738,217 Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,588,289 Philadelphia. . . . . . . 7,024,320 St. Louis . . . . . . . . . 3,390,162 Pittsburg . . . . . . . . . 2,366,197 San Francisco . . . . 2,120,878 Ransas City . . . . . . 2,401,582 Montreal . . . . . . . . . . 1,908,601 1911. $84,261,001 12,684,940 7,608,584 6,991,557 3,513,441 2,306,236 2,210,866 2,355,294 2,163,707 1912. $91,935,245 14,020,381 8,253,861 7,422,663 3,660,000 2,558,178 2,447,000 2,463,407 2,598,576 1913. $86,634,283 14,636,588 7,438,654 7,753,603 3,759,778 2,696,524 2,400,914 2,605,744 2,627,627 | Montreal stands seventh among the cities of the continent in amount of bank clearings, and in ratio of increase during the past four years stands first. Gazette The Oldest Newspaper in the Dominion Retains its Position as the Leading Journal of the Prov- vince, in Character, Standing and Influence. . . . . . . .". E S T A B L I S H E D 1 7 78 Subscription $6.00 a Year S M E A T O N W H IT E, President Special Cable and Telegraphic News: Exclusive and Reliable Financial News: Authoritative Market Reports: Impartial Sporting Reports: Full Legal Reports: Trustworthy Shipping Intelligence. :-: *8161 "xth OMA NOILO， RIJESNO O CIRIWA di HS CIN W XIOOGI ARICI ſ.ſ. The Improvements to the Port of Montreal (Prepared by Frederick W. Cowie, Chief Engineer for the Montreal Harbour Commissioners, Dec. 6th, 1913.) HE Montreal Harbour Commissioners and their construc- tion organization have the following accomplishments to their credit for the season of 1913:— A successful construction season, no serious accidents in the Port, Satisfactory labour conditions and the best season on record with regard to the operation of Harbour facilities. The Harbour Commissioners Railway line was completed to high level along the river front from Molson’s Creek to Racine Pier. Two permanent transit sheds were completed and opened for traffic on the Tarte Pier. The Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator No. 2 and its connecting Conveyor System to all the berths in the central part of the Harbour, was completed and was operated during the whole of the season with perfect success. Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator No. 1, situated in the most favourable position in the Harbour for receiving and delivering grain, was fully operated during the season, although an addition of one-and-a-half times its present capacity was being constructed. The Dry Dock Site, providing a large basin for the Floating Dock “ Duke of Connaught ° and the large area of made land for the Shipyard, was advanced almost to completion. New quay walls of standard Cribwork substructure and concrete Superstructure were completed, having a total length of over 2,000 lin. ft. Railway tracks to the extent of about four miles were con- structed and an additional one mile improved and relaid. The removal of the artificial works at Moffatt’s Island was 36 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL greatly advanced and its ameliorating effect on the St. Mary's Current towards the close of the season was very marked. One of the most important items of new work commenced was the construction of a large industrial wharf at Pointe-aux- Trembles to the order of The Canada Cement Co. Ltd. Another new work commenced was the construction of two sheds on the high level shore wharves, Sections 24 and 25. A new electric hoist with bridges connecting with the upper storeys of the sheds on the Alexandra Pier was constructed during the season. * Important items of paving on the wharves were completed and the roadways were in a very much improved condition. A commencement was made towards the re-construction of the Superstructure of the wooden piers in the Harbour, con- sisting of the substitution of concrete for the portion of the quay walls above low water level. Important additions and improvements were made to the Har- bour Commissioners’ construction and operating plant. Navigation in the Harbour and Ship Channel was greatly facilitated owing to there being an ample depth of water throughout the summer. Construction materials cost about 10% higher than a year ago and the average rate of wages was also about 10% higher. Weather conditions were very favourable to construction work, although the high water, while valuable to navigation, was disadvantageous for construction work. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. The Engineering Department of the Harbour Commis- sioners of Montreal is organized so as to have charge of the varied and important branches as follows:–Harbour Construc- tion; Maintenance and Operation. The construction work is almost universally carried on departmentally. The steady growth of the Harbour and the constant yearly effort to keep pace with the commerce, has resulted in the Commissioners having a splendid plant for the peculiar construction required. Dredging plant, tugs, derricks THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 37 and a shop for repairs, are all kept up-to-date, and the organ- ization for construction is capable of dredging and placing in the works some two or three million cubic yards of excavated material, of building half a mile of cribwork and concrete quay walls of a height from the foundations to the cope of 60 feet, of building fifty thousand cubic yards of concrete, constructing railways, walls, sheds, culverts and, in fact, almost every phase of port construction. Grain Elevator No. 2, 1913, at the close of the first season's work, after handling over twenty-one million bushels of Grain. HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS’ G RAIN ELEVATOR NO. 2, AND CONVEYOR SYSTEM. A complete description of this elevator and its conveyor system was published in the Commercial Review of 1912. The chief features of the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator System is the situation of the various units for the convenience of the trade. The elevators are so located that grain may be 38 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL kept in storage until required by the ocean vessels at their berths, and then delivered without interrupting in any way other stevedoring operations. The grain is delivered to the vessels from the elevator by rubber belt conveyors to an extreme distance of 3,540 lin. ft. The power required to drive the belts and the necessary eleva- tions and cut-offs is about 75 H.P. for each 600 lin. ft. The very complete and convenient system, therefore, while a great Marine Tower Elevator No. 2. convenience to the trade, is not carried on without operating expense and careful management, and it is to the credit of the Elevator Staff that during the season of 1913, a quantity amounting to almost 44,000,000 bushels of grain was delivered by the Conveyor System without any serious mishap or mistake. Elevator No. 2, with its capacity of 2,622,000 bushels, is not only one of the largest elevators at any ocean port, but it THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 39 is conceded to be of the highest type of construction and most completely equipped of any elevator yet constructed. Although 1913 was the first year of complete operation, this elevator received about 20,500,000 bushels and delivered by Conveyor System the same amount.- Almost from the opening of the season until the very close, the storage capacity of the Elevator was taken up to the utmost limit. If the ocean vessel tonnage had been sufficient to relieve the congestion of grain in store, the record of this Elevator Elevator No. 1 Addition, showing Bin Walls of north section completed. would have been very much higher and transportation of Can- adian grain by the Canadian St. Lawrence route would have been increased to a very large extent. Mr. Jere Nehin, General Superintendent of the Harbour Commissioners' Elevator System, assisted by Mr. Martin Peterson, local Superintendent of Elevator No. 2, added to their past good records by completing another season of very valuable work in the interests of Canadian Commerce. 40 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The electrical operating staff, headed by Mr. T. Ernest Salter, B.A.Sc., had a very difficult task to operate the whole of the System while construction work at Elevator No. 1 was being carried on. During the whole of the season, very few changes were made in the operating staff, which had all been organized towards the close of the last season, and in spite of the large amount of new work, the whole system was operated in a very efficient manner. ELEVATOR NO. 1. Elevator No. 1, the original unit of the Harbour Com- missioners’ Grain Elevator System, was completed in 1904. For the first three or four seasons, the amount of grain handled was very limited, owing to the fact that the Conveyor System had not been completed. In 1908 and 1909, with the comple- tion of the group of transit sheds and Conveyor System, the regular business of this Elevator commenced, and for the last four years it has been worked to its full storage capacity, and leaving many vessels Waiting to unload. Representations having been made to the Harbour Com- missioners that additional facilities were urgently required so as to carry as much as possible of the Canadian Export grain by the St. Lawrence route during the seven months of the open season, the Harbour Commissioners, after careful consultation, adopted the plan of constructing an addition to Elevator No. 1, which would increase its capacity from 1,000,000 to approx- imately 2,500,000 bushels, and in proportion increase its work- ing capacity. Construction work commenced early in the spring of 1913, and at the close of the season the addition is almost completed and it is only necessary to connect up the working machinery with the original elevator, which can only be done conveniently in the winter, when operations are closed. The following description of the addition to Elevator No. 1, prepared by the Grain Elevator Engineers, The John S. Metcalf Company, Limited, is given herewith :— THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 41 ELEVATOR No. 1 ADDITION. The new addition comprises a storage capacity of 1,452,000 bushels; four elevator legs 20,000 bushels per hour each, with receiving hoppers, scales and appurtenances, which legs may be utilized for unloading cars, or transferring of grain or shipping to vessels; four car-loading spouts for the shipment of grain by cars. - - --- º º Elevator No. 1 Addition. Erection of Moving Bin forms. In the cupola a conveyor system is installed connecting No. 1 Addition to No. 1 Elevator so that grain may be re- ceived from any receiving scale in either the old house or the new and delivered to any bin in either house. Conveyors are installed under the new storage bins in the west side of the house to carry grain from these bins to the elevator legs in No. 1 Elevator and the Elevator Addition. All machinery is driven electrically and the transformer 42 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL and switchboard layouts are so arranged that No. 1 Elevator and the Addition may be operated as one house. Excavation started January 20th, 1913, and finished March 12th, consisting of 6,255 cubic yards. This work was necessarily slow as it covered a large area of block pavement on a concrete base, under which was frozen ground and the depth was shallow, averaging less than six feet. Pile driving started March 8th, finished July 2nd, during - Elevator No. 1 Addition. View on top of bins, at north end. which time 2,213 reinforced concrete piles were driven an average length of 30 feet 3 inches. The driving was very hard. The sub-contractors used three pile drivers with night and day gangs and then averaged less than 20 piles per twenty-four hour day. Concrete foundation slab consisting of 4,000 cubic yards was started June 6th and finished July 5th, three days after last pile was driven. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 43 First floor concrete started July 8th and was finished, together with bin slab concrete, August 9th, amounting to 4,890 cubic yards. The bin walls were started September 3rd and finished October 4th, containing 7,536 cubic yards. Cupola steel work started October 11th, was practically completed December 15th. Machinery equipment was installed as quickly as structures Elevator No. 1 Addition. Completed Bins, west side. permitted and 90 per cent is now erected. The balance of installation, together with connections to gallery system and to No. 1 Elevator, will be completed early in 1914, so that long before the opening of navigation in the spring of 1914 every- thing will be ready for the handling of grain. Although construction work on the addition to Elevator No. 1 was carried on during the whole of the working season, 44 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL this elevator was operated to its usual complete storage capacity. The operation of this house was carried on, under the supervision of the General Superintendent, by the local Assistants, Messrs. John McLean and Arthur St. Germain. FLOATING ELEVATORS. During the season of 1913, six floating elevators were kept in commission and available for work at all times for the direct transference of grain from lake vessels to the ocean steamships. The quantity of grain transferred was slightly higher than last year, the whole operation being carried on without any trouble, under the local supervision of foreman Alph. Poitras. STORAGE AND HANDLING OF GRAIN 1906 TO 1913. The total quantity of grain handled during the last eight years, by the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator System, exclu- sive of the grain handled at the Grand Trunk and other local elevators, shows what improved facilities have accomplished:— Total quantity Of grain handled Or transferred. Year. - Bushels. 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944,321 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,07S,289 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,661,350 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,691,071 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,526,727 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,007,164 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,561,655 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,000,000 GRAND TRU NIK RAILWAY ELEWATOR. The following information has been received with refer- ence to the Annex to the Grand Trunk Railway Company’s Elevato: “ B :– “The large annex to the Elevator of the Grand Trunk Railway Company at Windmill Point, Lachine Canal Basin, THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 45 Montreal, which has just been completed, consists of concrete tanks of approximately 1,070,000 bushels capacity, and is located south of the present elevator at a distance of about 175 feet from it. There are in this new building 28 concrete tanks, 25 feet in diameter and 100 feet in height, arranged at right angles in four rows with seven tanks in each row. The tanks are constructed of reinforced concrete, having their adja- cent sides rigidly united so that the four-pointed star shaped spaces between the circular tanks may be used for storage as Elevator at Windmill Point, Montreal. Capacity 2,150,000 bushels. Grand Trunk Railway System. well as the circular tanks themselves. The large tanks hold approximately 33,000 bushels apiece, and the star shaped or interstice bins hold approximately 8,000 bushels each. “For filling the bins for tanks and interstices of this new annex there is a 36-inch belt conveyor running out from the bin floor of the existing working house. This conveyor will receive grain from any of the scales in the working house and 46 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL will discharge on to a system of cross and longitudinal conveyors on the bin floor of the storage annex, so that grain may be taken from any car or part of the old elevator to any part of the new elevator. - * For shipping grain from this new storage annex there are four 36-inch belt conveyors in the basement, one under each TOW of tanks, which by means of cross conveyors will discharge to a shipping leg having an elevating capacity of 15,000 bushels an hour. The elevator leg will discharge into a garner over Scale where the grain may be weighed, and from thence spouted onto a belt conveyor running into the old elevator where it may be placed in any of the shipping bins and from thence it will go out to vessels on the existing conveyor gallery system. “The new storage annex is a substantial reinforced con- Crete structure equipped with all the modern machinery that is necessary for rapid receiving, storage and shipping grain. All the bins are hopper bottomed, and provided with valves and gates for discharging the grain. Above the bins is a complete floor of reinforced concrete, so that no dust will get out. Above the circular tanks there will be a one-storey structure extend- ing over the bin floor in which will be all the conveyors and machinery for receiving grain and placing in the bins. At the north end of the storage annex there is located a working-house for enclosing the shipping leg, garner scales and other machinery. º “The foundation of the new storage annex rests firmly upon concrete piles which are driven to such a resistance that they will safely carry 30 tons each. “The piling was furnished by The Simplex Piling & Construction Company of Montreal, and the storage annex was designed and constructed by the Canadian Stewart Com- pany, Limited, of Montreal. “Work was commenced in the latter part of May and was pushed vigorously night and day to its completion. “The capacity of the original elevator was 1,080,000 bushels; with the new annex the total capacity is 2,150,000 bushels.” THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 47 THE IMPROVEMENT AND EXTENSION OF THE HARBOUR RAILWAY TRACKS. For the carrying out of the instructions of the Commis- sioners, to make the port of Montreal the best possible terminal connection between the Transcontinental Railway Systems of Canada and the North Atlantic Steamships, the shore area of the Harbour has been designed as a convenient railway ter- General view of Harbour looking east from Elevator No. 2. Passenger Steamers Landing. minal. The railway tracks being operated directly by the Harbour Commissioners, such supervision can be made of traffic as to permit of extensive shunting and to give conve- nient access for railway freight to all points on the wharves at all hours, day or night. The Grand Trunk and the Intercolonial railways connect with the Harbour front at its extreme upper or westerly end. 48 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern railways reach the Harbour towards the lower or eastern end. The large Harbour transit sheds, otherwise idle during Winter, are very well adapted for the handling and delivery of Steamship freight by rail from winter ports. The railway terminals of the Harbour Commissioners Which are being developed on the two shores of the St. Law- rence concurrently with the increased facilities being con- structed for shipping have been considerably extended during the season of 1913. Early in the Spring, general improvements and repairs were made to the tracks in the central part of the Harbour, from the Lachine Canal to Victoria Pier. A complete set of slip diamonds and turnouts of manganese steel were ordered for the Alexandra Pier section. This manganese layout is designed to facilitate the handling of the heavy traffic and obviate the open spaces in the pavement for switches. From Victoria Pier eastward, the high level embankment for the railway grain yard and for the general tracks was im- proved and a system of drainage installed. A carriage way and sidewalk with ornamental electric lighting fixtures were com- pleted along the completed portion of the wall between Victoria Pier and Berri St. Additional retaining walls were completed for the whole of the low level portion of the Market Basin. Farther eastward, a siding was laid into the new Harbour Yard. A new subway at Aylwin Street, the construction of which was urged by the City Authorities, was commenced and one- half of the abutments were constructed. On the Tarte Pier, new tracks were laid in connection with the new system of sheds completed during the season. A new transfer siding was constructed for the Canadian Northern Railway Company, at Sections 53 and 54. The tracks from Molson’s Creek to Racine Wharf were raised to an average height of 6 feet to bring them above flood level. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 49 The embankment was strengthened throughout the whole distance and riprapped to protect it against the Wash of the river at high water. The operation of the Harbour Commissioners’ railway system is handled, under the Commissioners, directly by Mr. J. Vaughan, Superintendent of Railway Terminals, and in spite of the large amount of construction work and improve- ments to the railways, the operations were conducted success- fully throughout the whole season, VICTORIA PIER AND MARECET BASIN. In the Scheme of Harbour Extensions of 1909 every con- sideration was given not only to the enlargement of steamship accommodation, but also to give additional and convenient accommodation to the important fleet of river and ferry steamers. It was recognized that the river steamers, which do a tremendous passenger and market traffic, should have a location in the Harbour convenient to the centre of the City and to the Bonsecours Market. The construction of this large pier in the very centre of the congested Harbour district is one of the most serious mat- ters occupying the attention of the Engineering Department. Every effort is made to advance the work without undue cost and also not to interrupt the immense traffic which is carried on during the seven months of the navigation season. The portion of the Superstructure of the high level quay wall built to half height in 1911 was completed during the season of 1913. Two additional Cribs and the half height of quay wall were also completed on the outer S.E. corner of the high level portion of the new Victoria Pier. On the inside of the Market Basin 268 feet of Cribwork was constructed and the concrete wall built to the Market Basin level. The area between these outside and inside walls, of the pier, has been largely filled and the retaining wall dividing the high and low level portions was extended to the full extent of the com- pleted work. 50 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL PERMANIENT TRANSIT SHEDS. SHED No. 16, VICTORIA PIER. This shed, almost completed in 1912, was allotted to the Canada Line for the season of 1913, although the lower floor, owing to settlement of the new filling material, was not finished. The tracks were constructed on both sides of this shed and a trucking platform built of timber on the eastern side, for con- venience in handling railway traffic. Merchandise in a Harbour Shed, upper story. PERMANENT SHEDS, TARTE PIER. The two sheds on the eastern side of the Tarte Pier, under construction in 1912, were completed and opened for traffic at the commencement of the season. Railway tracks on both sides of the sheds were built and considerable work done on the roadways in the vicinity. As soon as the filling material has completely settled, it is proposed to pave the pier between the sheds. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 51 SHEDS NOS. 24 AND 25. The new quay wall having been built to high level, from the end of the Market Basin, eastward to Section 26, the Colm- missioners gave instructions to put in the foundations for two new transit sheds before the area inside the quay wall was filled. Tenders were called for piling and the contract let to The Raymond Concrete Pile Co. of Canada and work started on 1st October, and the last pile was driven on 22nd November. The number of piles driven was 1,225, the average depth being 20 feet, and the maximum 40 feet, 9 inches. As the piles were driven to the old level of the wharf, viz., to Elevation 107, and as the flooring of the new sheds was designed to be Elevation 124, the concrete piers resting on the piles required the placing of some 6,000 cy. of concrete. This work was started by the Harbour Commissioners’ departmental organization on October 9th, and will be com- pleted before the end of the year. Tenders are at present advertised for the construction of sheds on these concrete piers so as to be available early in the season of 1914. Shed No. 24 is designed for the use of either coasting steamers, or large Ocean steamers which do not require a full length shed. The berth extends beyond the shed, along the quay wall for part of the sloping ramp leading from high level down to the Market Basin. The dimensions of Sheds 24 and 25 are as follows:— Shed 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 ft. X 10.5 ft. Shed 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 ft. x 105 ft. IIIGFI LEVEL WHARVES, SECTIONS 24 TO 27. Part of the old low level quay wall extending from the low level Market Basin at Berri Street, eastward, was widened and strengthened and rebuilt on a 4 per cent. grade from Elevation 107 up to Elevation 119, standard high level. From the top of the grade the quay wall was continued eastward. The portion of this work, of which the concrete quay wall had been con- structed to half level in 1912, was completed. A further exten- sion of three cribs were added during the season of 1913 and 52 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL the concrete quay wall built up to half level. The re-filling behind these walls was carried out to the full height and anchor blocks and tie rods completed. DRY DOCK SITE. For many years a Dry Dock had been advocated for the Port of Montreal. Many proposals had been made and various schemes designed, and the successful dedication of the large Str. “Montreal” in Floating Dock, “Duke of Connaught.” Floating Dock “Duke of Connaught” on November 18th, 1912, marked a very important epoch in the annals of Montreal Harbour. - The protected basin and site for the Floating Dock have been prepared by the Harbour Commissioners. The Floating Dock is owned and operated in connection with the shipyard and repair plant being constructed by Messrs. The Canadian Vickers, Limited. - THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 53 The site is completely on Harbour property; no roadway or railway lines will be cut and navigation is not in the least disturbed. The dock and shipyard will be located conveniently to some of the newest and most extensive industrial organiza- tions in Montreal, notably, the new works of the Canadian Steel Foundries, Limited; Montreal Locomotive Works; Struc- tural Steel Works; National Bridge Company; The Shell Com- pany of Canada and The Canada Cement Company. First large Ocean Steamship in “Duke of Connaught” Floating Dock, August, 1913. A description of the Floating Dock and general dimensions were given in the Commercial Review of 1912. During the season of 1913 practically all reclamation work necessary for the launching slip and for the shops proposed by Messrs. The Canadian Vickers, Limited, was completed. Work will be carried on to the latest available date to complete as much as possible the site for the last building, the boiler shop. For the dredging of the approach channel, two government dredges did excellent work during the season. Owing to the high water, the deep basin could not be completed this year as expected. 54 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The concrete quay walls built to half level last year were completed and the balance of the Cribwork, as designed for the Site, was completed during 1913 and the concrete wall built to half level. Owing to alterations in the plans of The Canadian Vickers, Limited, a portion of the quay wall at the head of the basin had to be removed, and this work is being done by the Harbour Com- missioners at the request of The Canadian Vickers, Limited, and at their expense, and the return wall for the slip is now constructed to half level. The south-east slip wall was con- Creted during the season and south-west slip wall is now under construction. General work on the tracks on the site, grading and rip- rapping of the Outer embankment was also carried on. NEW WHARE, POINTE-AUX-TREMBLES. The plant of The Canada Cement Co., situated in the Parish of Pointe-aux-Trembles, about three-quarters of a mile below Longue Pointe, has been enlarged until it is now the second largest if not the largest and most completely equipped cement plant in the world. - Its capacity is now 12,000 barrels per day. For transporta- tion, the plant is now connected by railway only, and all ship- ments by vessel have to be forwarded by railway lines. The coal consumed in the manufacture of cement is very consider- able and the company require at this plant an annual Supply of 200,000 tons. A wharf was finally designed to meet the requirements of The Canada Cement Company, and on the company guarantee- ing sufficient revenue, the Commissioners obtained the authority of the Government to construct a wharf for this industry. The Company owns the land directly to the Harbour Com- missioners’ boundary line and they propose to carry all ship- ments to and from the water front by their own railway lines. The wharf is designed to extend to deep water, to have a bulkhead quay wall of 600 feet, and a wharf area upon which a permanent coal handling plant will be constructed for unload- ing vessels, and for storing of coal. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 55 The order was given for this wharf about the middle of September, and before the close of the navigation the cribwork substructure for a length of 400 feet and the concrete wall to One-half level had been completed. Most of the dredging has been completed and a large amount of filling extending from the shore out 450 feet to the wharf and sufficient to protect the portion of the quay walls, already built for the winter. RECONSTRUCTION OF WOODEN QUAY WALLS. The wooden quay walls in the central part of the Har- bour, constructed about 14 years ago, are now reaching their age limit for the portion exposed above low water level. The tearing down of the old wooden quay walls and their reconstruction in concrete was commenced last year, and dur- ing 1913 considerable work was done on the eastern side of the Jacques Cartier Pier, opposite Shed No. 13. This work is very difficult to accomplish, owing to the fact that work can only be carried on during the absence of Ocean steamships. Sheet piling was driven along practically the whole extent of one berth, and it is proposed to carry this work on to a cer- tain amount each year, so that the whole may be reconstructed before the wooden walls entirely fail. The portion of the crib- work under water is practically permanent and does not require rebuilding. The sheet piling is being driven along the face of this Cribwork so as to add to its strength and for increased Support of the heavy concrete wall, and also to permit of deepen- ing the berths. DREDGING AND FILLING IN GENERAL. Two of the Harbour Commissioners’ dredges were engaged for the greater part of the Season in deepening the channel south of St. Helen’s Island. This work is being done to elimi- nate as much as possible the St. Mary’s current and to allow a part of the flow of the river to pass down between St. Helen's Island and the South Shore, as it did in former years, before 56 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL the construction of Moffatt's Island Wharf and the deepening of the Harbour. The dredging was done to 20 feet at low water, the channel being made 180 feet wide. The length completed was 2,000 feet, the area dredged being about 8 square acres, all having to be excavated from low-water level to the required depth. A small dredge was also engaged all Season removing a shoal between St. Helen's Island and the Guard Pier. This dredge worked in the strongest current in the river and where the material was all boulders. - The area dredged to a depth of 10 feet at low water was 2 square acres. Over 300 boulders of considerable size were taken out and many large boulders had to be blasted before dredging. The removal of the old Guard Pier and general deepening and widening inside the Guard Pier progressed favourably dur- ing the Season. - The area dredged was some 520,000 square feet, or about 12 acres. As this widened channel was completed, the buoys were placed so that navigation would have the advantage of the improvements. For the widening and deepening of the channel in the central part of the Harbour, considerable rock work has to be done from year to year. In 1913 the Harbour Commissioners’ Drilling and Blasting Boat was employed at Section 14 to 17S. Work commenced April 23rd and continued until November 25th. The material drilled and blasted was hard black shale and trap rock. The number of holes drilled and blasted was 3,009, the average depth of the holes being 8 feet. The quan- tity of rock drilled and blasted measured in situ was about 40,000 cubic yards; 15,500 lbs. of dynamite were used. A government elevator dredge did excellent work in the St. Mary’s current, widening the channel between Ile Ronde and the Montreal wharves. The length dredged was 1,900 feet by a width of 300 feet, covering an area of about 13 acres. The first dredge started work in 1913 on April 14th, and THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 57 at the date of writing, December 13th, the plant is still working, making a season of eight months. * CHANNEL ENTRANCE TO THE DRY DOCK. Government dredges Nos. 10 and 11 started early in May and finished November 23rd. This entrance channel is now dredged and cleaned up to a width of 860 feet. The dredging of the crib seats for all the new construction work was also carried on by dredges as required from time to time, covering a length of about 2,400 lineal feet. MAINTENANCE OF CHANNELS. For maintenance work, considerable dredging was done from time to time in the basins and channels as soon as any sign of shoaling was found in the testing Operations. All the materials dredged by the Harbour Commissioners’ dredges and most of the dredging by Government dredges was saved and used in the construction of embankments and for reclaiming land areas for the Harbour. The following table gives the average monthly depth of water in the Ship Channel in the Harbour during the season of 1913, as compared with the records for 1912:— 1913. 1912. May . . . . . . . . . . . . , - - - - - - - - - - - - 35' 8" 35' 5" June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33’ 3” 35’ 10” July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31’ 3” 32' 0” August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30’ 91%." 30’ 11” September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30’ 4” 30’ 8” October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 30’ 6” 30’ 8” November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31’ 5” 3.27 27 SWIEEPING. The channel and basins were swept at intervals during the season commencing April 21st, and dredging was done wher- ever found necessary. One hundred feet was added to the width of the channel off the New Victoria Pier. This area was cleaned up and tested and the buoys properly placed, making the channel 700 feet wide at this point. 58 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL MOFFATT's ISLAND. The removal of the artificial works for the purpose of strengthening the current and deflecting as much as possible of the water down the south channel, was continued during the season. The whole of the artificial works between Moffatt's Island and the city side of the river were removed and the approach to the Island from the north shore was stripped and five new openings made in the embankment. - The excavated material was all used to protect the bank of the river eastward of Victoria Bridge and a railway embank- ment was built for a length of about half a mile. LONGUEUIL WEIARF. The old Government Wharf at Longueuil was filled up and Such work as was required to make it available for use of the Ferry to Maisonneuve was carried out. IMAINTENANCE. The maintenance of the Harbour wharves, railways, road- ways, buildings and equipment is now becoming a very impor- tant item. Repairs are required everywhere and the cleaning of the wharves and roadways is a work of considerable extent. The maintenance Organization consistently employs a staff of repairers, pavers, ironwork men, painters, Sweepers and car- penters. - During the season 1913 the wharves were kept in excellent condition, and, although the Summer was very dry, the water- ing of the extensive areas of roadways gave general satisfaction. Lighting of the wharves required 218 arc lamps. By direction of the Commissioners, every effort is made to maintain a complete life Saving equipment all along the wharves, consisting of life buoys, ropes and long gaffs, and rail- ings have been constructed at important corners of the wharves and lights have been maintained at places which have proved liable to accident. The maintenance and repairs to the Harbour Commis- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 59 sioners’ extensive system of elevators and transit sheds was also carried out during the season by a staff under the Inspectors. FIRE PROTECTION. Fire tug St. Peter is maintained by the Harbour Com- missioners and was available throughout the season of 1913. Fortunately no serious fires occurred, and although the tug was called upon on two or three occasions, very little damage was done in the Port. On several occasions railway cars took fire and the Harbour Commissioners’ hydrants and emergency apparatus was used to advantage. FLOATING CRANE. The Harbour Commissioners’ Floating Crane was operated throughout the season under Capt. F. L. Castel, as follows:— Number of days working . . . . . . . . . . . 121 days. Number of hours working . . . . . . . . . . 54.1% hours. Percentage Of time in Operation . . . . 30 % Total number Of lifts : — Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Commissioners’ service . . . . . . . . . 47 Average Weight Of lifts: — Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 208/2240 tons. Commissioners’ service . . . . . . . . 26 78/2240 “ Greatest lift: — Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 tons. Commissioners' service . . . . . . . . 60 “ ACCIDENTS TO WIESSELS IN THE HARBOUR. Coal barge No. 3, belonging to the Allan Line, Sank in front of Shed No. 2 on August 23rd, with about 300 tons of coal on board. This barge was lifted by the Harbour Com- missioners’ plant on December 5th, 1913. The C.P.R. liner “ Mount Temple,” when leaving the Port on the morning of September 24th, went aground opposite Longueuil, and in spite of the efforts of ten or eleven tugs to release her, it was not until she had been lightered of a con- siderable portion of her cargo that she could be re-floated a few days later. It was reported that she was rather seriously 60 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL damaged, and she was successfully docked on October 5th, and repaired. Harbour Commissioners’ tug “Robert Mackay’ sank at the Laurier Pier on September 25th, with, happily, no loss of life. With the use of three dredges, this tug was successfully lifted on September 30th and found to be only slightly dam- aged, and was repaired at once and is now in commission. - Crane No. 4 putting concrete in Quay Wall, Section 25. HARBOUR CONSTRUCTION PLANT. Almost all of the Harbour Commissioners’ construction plant is worked day and night throughout the season. This plant, subjected to such hard duty for seven months, requires heavy repairs every winter, and the Commissioners’ Shop and Shipyard are admirably adapted for such a purpose. The plant of the Harbour Commissioners consists of:- Five dredges; six derricks; ten tugs; one floating crane; one drill boat; one coal barge; two floating concrete mixers; thirty- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 61 five scows; five locomotive cranes and a variety of dump and flat cars and construction locomotives, pile drivers and general plant. - . - The new plant completed and put in operation in 1913 consisted of the following:— Dredge No. 6, 104 ft. x 39 ft. x 10 ft. 8 in. at bow. Derrick No. 7, 88 ft. x 31 ft. x 9 ft. 8 in. Tug “Passe-Partout”, 50 ft. 6 in. x 12 ft. x 7 ft. 7 in. •Over all. Three flat scows, 100 ft. x 30 ft. x 9 ft. MISCEI.L.A.NEOUS. During the season, from 1,500 to 2,000 men were regu- larly employed on the different construction works and on the operation of Harbour facilities by the Commissioners. The important items of material were all purchased by public tender, including 11,500,000 ft. B.M. of timber ; 38,000 tons of broken stone; 21,000 tons of unbroken stone; 27,000 cubic yards of sand and gravel; 65,000 barrels of cement; 800 tons of rails and fastenings; 225 tons of steel and iron castings; 166 tons of steel and iron bars; 15,020 tons of steam coal and 230 tons of wharf spikes and nails. A new construction office was built at Berri St. The water supply for the Engine House at the New Harbour Yard is being improved. A small addition was made to the wharf at Pius IX Avenue, to accommodate the new Ferry line between Maison- neuve and Longueuil. - The season of navigation of 1912 closed on January 3rd, 1913, when Messrs. Ross, Robertson and Labelle, present Har- bour Commissioners, accompanied by the ex-Commissioners and representatives of the Board of Trade, Shipping Inter- ests and City, to the number of about 45, took a trip down the Harbour on the tug “Sir Hugh Allan *, as far as Mol- son’s Creek. 62 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The season of llavigation opened in the Harbour April 11th by the tug “Sir Hugh Allan’, and the first arrival from sea was the SS. “Sokoto’, which reached the Port on April 21st, and the last departure for sea was the SS. “Ruthenia *, which sailed on November 28th. At date of writing, December 13th, the weather is as fine and the river as open as is usual in October, and the Harbour dredges all working. - × - § 3 ; -: º ... a .-: 2:2 . 2% º sº sº V º ºse tº: § 2 * * § .. fºllºiºs :*::: * ~ * §§§ ºft/ $º º º - º º §§§ 25% º Aj. º Aºi º º § º § § . . * * º § :º - *** l ſºlº tº º: º §§ - = - *::... Nºt: 3. g 33 A | º 'ſºft ... § 2. \\!!!” tº º ź º f º º ºl iº # %. , § ſa'ſ ". º j # *%-ºllº; ſº tº ºf º #3%ft ºf "lºlilº; *::::::::: "º ## ºf ºf .º. §§§§ §§§ º : *. { º New Windsor. Station, Montreal. Canadian Pacific Railway. º; t ; º - ãºf Fºxxº~3 ####" 2. º - g jºr ####### ######### #ºf :* gº ź: f [[ i; : FiE ; i º: ſº ; ; i= : # ; *- ºw ; i * F. #: º f º E F º É º º| e.sº§º º ºr §sºst -*.***i s;Fº,iS -i:*w-ºſ - sºSº* º-#ººssi &*;§ lii-.Sº --wſ:is § : ---º-r: |-:f. w":*. s4- s-:- # - s.• e-ºr i;--. -- É [] :- : .º :. .: §'.ar *. #º - - - # : : É; § DOMINION EXPRESS CO. F O R E I G N D E F A R T M E N T HEAD OFFICE (Room 40, Windsor Depot) MONTREAL, CAN. Forwards' shipments of merchandise, parcels, baggage, valuables, securities, etc., in large or small lots to or from all Foreign Countries. PRINCIPAL OFFICES IN EUROPE tº e º 'º e º 'º s º ºs Prins Hendrikkade, 187 Liverpool. . . . . . Royal Liver Bidg., Pier Head e e = e º 'º - e e s e s e e s tº a 25 Quai Jordaens London. . . . . . . . .67-68 King Wlliam St., E.C. 45 ElisabethenStrasse London. . . . . . . . . . . 62-65 Charing Cross, S.W. • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 41 Victoria St. *- Lyons. . . . . . . . . . . 76 Rue de L’Hotel de Ville e e º e º e º e s - e º 'º e º e s tº a CtOrła. Street Manchester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Mount Street • e º e - e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e s e e e s a e S1 Strandgaden | Milan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . via Silvio Peltico 8 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 Victoria Square Naples............. Via Agostino Depretis 67 * - © tº e º 'º - © e º s e e g º º 27 Foster Square | Paris......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Rue Scribe e e º 'º e º 'º e º e º e s s a e º 'º e º 'º - WegeSende 3 Plauen, I.V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karlstrasse 44 • * * * * * * * * * * * 18 St. Augustine's Parade Rome.......... . . . . . . . .59 Piazza de Spagna • * * * * * * * * e s s e e º sº e º 'º Nyhavn 19 Rotterdam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Willemskade 2 © & © tº º e º tº º e º & e º 'º º Karl Johansgt 1 || St. Etienne............. 25 Rue de la Bourse e e º ſº e º e º e º e º is e º Piazza San Matteo 15 St. Gall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schutzengasse 7 & e º 'º - © - e º 'º e º 'º e 120 St. Vincent Street, Sheffield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 The Wicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POStgatan 22 Stavanger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ostervaag 35 tº e º sº tº e º e º 'º e º te e s tº e & 2 Rue de Palais Trleste................. Via S. Spiridione 10 e & © - 6 - e º 'º e º e º tº e º t e º º Alsterdamm 8 Trondhjem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fjordgaden 1 & e e º 'º - - - - - - e. e. e. e s e a tº e º 'º 2 Rue Pleuvry Vienna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Karntnerring 7 e tº e º 'º - e - e - © e. e. e. e. e. e. e. 46 Royal Exchange Zurich. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bahnhofplatz and Shipping Correspondents at all other principal points. To obtain satisfactory results instruct your European Shippers to forward your shipments to care of Dominion Express Co. (of Canada) at any of above addresses or direct to D O M I N I O N E X PR E S S C O M P A N Y (of C an a da) Royal Liver Building, Pier Head, Liverpool, England. For further information, rates, sailing lists, etc., apply to any agent. DOMINION EXPRESS MONEY ORDERS, FOREIGN CHEQUES .AND TRAVELLERS’ CHEQUES are payable in all parts of the World. ;See our Agents about them. THE BANK OF TORONTO INCORPORATED 1855 Capital Authorized Lº tº $10,000,000 Capital Paid-Up - G º 5,000,000 Reserve Funds º 6,000,000 Assets tº ſº [… ſº 58,000,000 Head Office, ſº- º U - TORONTO, Can. DUNCAN COULSON, President. THOS. F. HOW, Gen. Manager. STER LIN G EX C H A N G E This Bank has exceptional facilities for the handling of documentary grain and produce exchange drawn on Great Britain and the Continent. LETTERS OF CREDIT issued available in all parts of the world. COLLECTIONS made on all points in Canada and the United States on the most favourable terms and remitted for promptly. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT.-Deposits received and interest paid at highest rates. M O N T R E A L MAIN OF FIC E COR. ST. JAMES AND McGILL STREETS H. B. HENWOOD, Manager. CITY AND SUB U R B A N B R A N C HES Board of Trade Building, G. J. Cuthbertson, Manager, Guy and St. Catherine Sts., E. H. Fuller, Manager, Maisonneuve, W. B. McCririck, Manager, St. Lawrence Blvd., C. L. Parkinson, Manager, Atwater Ave., and St. Antoine St., A. H. Walsh, Manager, St. Lambert, J. J. Jamieson, Manager, Point St. Charles. The New Zealand Shipping Co., Limited EASTERN CANADIAN LINE Monthly sailings from Montreal during Summer Season, and from West St. John, N.B., during winter. First-Class steamers calling at Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Dunedin (Port Chalmers), New Zealand. - Head Offices: London, Eng. Christchurch, N.Z. Montreal Office, - 213 Board of Trade The Shipping Business 6, THE outstandingfeatures of the St. Lawrence navigation season of 1913 are the marked increase in } the export of grain which ſº has taken place, the inau- **) guration of new steamship lines between Montreal and à2.‘.à # : # ##### - - * ºšš Europe, and the completion ; ::::::::::: - - #:::::::::: of the merger known as the Ł:* - te te #: Canada Steamships Lines, º: Limited, capitalized at $25,000,000, to take over the Richelieu-Ontario Navi- gation Company, and allied inland water lines, as well . as the steamers of the Que- bec Steamships Company which ply between New York, Bermuda, and the West Indies. In addition, a record season has been experienced as regards the volume of the passenger and freight traffic handled by the various steamship companies which make Montreal their terminal port on this side of the Atlantic. . - - The quantity of grain which has come into the port has been far in advance of any previous season. The total quantity received at the Grand Trunk and Harbour Commissioners’ elevators, including the floating elevators, has measured up to 62,565,549 bushels, of which 53,351,388 bushels were exported as compared with 37,800,000 bushels last year, an increase of 15,551,888 bushels. The difference between the receipts and the total exports is accounted for by grain disposed of in the Canadian trade and the quantity which still remains in the elevators. The above does not include all the receipts of some 66 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS of the large milling companies, which have not been entirely recorded. The figures quoted are the official figures compiled from the Customs House records. The increased export of grain attracted an unusually large number of tramp steamers, of which 32 were loaded by one steamship agent alone, Mr. T. R. McCarthy, 8,068,129 bushels being exported by this small fleet. The record grain cargo, not only for the season, but in the history of the port, was shipped by the Norwegian steamer Kim, which took away 450,000 bushels. Three new steamship services were inaugurated during the season between Montreal and Europe, including the new C.P.R. service between Trieste, Naples and Montreal, and that estab- lished by the Austro-American line, a subsidiary of the Hamburg-American line, between Trieste and other Mediterranean ports and Montreal. The French line, or Com- pagnie Générale Transatlantique, steamers belonging to which had previously come no further than Quebec, extended its Havre service so as to make Montreal the terminal port on this side of the Atlantic. The development proved only tem- porary, as far as the Season under review is concerned, owing to an accident on the line's New York route, and to other unforeseen circumstances; but a renewal of the service is expected to take place next spring under, it is hoped, more favorable auspices. Furness, Withy & Company extended their trade from Montreal by establishing a weekly service between this port and Hull. At the annual meeting of the Richelieu & Ontario Navi- gation Company, held early in the year, the control of this old- established company formally passed into the hands of the directors of a combination of English and Western interests, Furness, Withy & Company being prominent among the for- mer. Since that date, the amalgamation of various inland water lines with the Richelieu has proceeded apace, two of the most prominent companies merged being the Inland Lines, Limited, and the Northern Navigation Company. Towards the close of the season, the formation of a company known as THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 67 the Canada Steamships Lines, Limited, was announced, with a capital of $25,000,000, to take over the Richelieu and allied lines, as well as other lake line interests, and the Quebec Steam- ships Company, trading between New York, Bermuda and the West Indies. - The past season has been a record one for customs receipts, in spite of the diminution which has taken place during the fall, and which, during November, became a positive slump. The receipts for the seven months of navigation amounted to $15,720,436.32, an increase of $212,311. 79 for the season. The monthly returns for this and the two previous years are appended :— 1913. 1912. 1911. May . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,396,076.60 $2,144,476. 16 $1,727,948.58 June . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,334,887. 46 1,949,077.80 1,562,173.85 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,529,211.19 2,251,657. 54 1,535,684. 61 August . . . . . . . . . . . 2,269,699.37 2,318,871.76 1,656,863.47 September . . . . . . . 2,133,701.42 2,218,169.68 1,715,915. 11 October . . . . . . . . . . 2,147,810.93 2,348,993. 00 1,689,.682.89 NOvenber . . . . . . . 1,909,079.35 2,276,878.59 1,750,494. 50 Total . . . . . . . . $15,720,436. 32 $15,508,124. 53 $11,638,763.01 Improvements effected on the St. Lawrence by the Marine Department during the season include the preparation of the north channel from Contrecour to Sorel for light navigation, all the work being finished in readiness for the opening of the channel at the commencement of navigation next spring. A considerable quantity of dredging had to be done to accomplish this, and twelve new range lights were erected at suitable distances. Dredging has also been continued in the ship-chan- nel, and in the narrows off Cap a la Roche, and the approaches to the dry-dock have been dredged. Additional gas-buoys have been placed in the ship-channel, and bleaugas for their illum- imation has been adopted instead of acetylene. The gas-buoys on the starboard side of the river coming up have been changed from white to red single-flash lights. The Marine Department justly claim Credit for mail-steamers having, as a consequence of the many improvements effected, been enabled to navigate the river with safety almost a full fortnight later than ever before. - • , - 68 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS The erection of fresh lights on the Richelieu River has been commenced, and will be continued throughout the winter. Improvements have been effected on the Ottawa River, and all lights have been rebuilt on Lake Memphremagog. New charts have been issued for the Lake of Two Mountains, and a vast quantity of routine work has been carried out at the depart- mental yards at Sorel and elsewhere. The new buoy-boat Dollard has been received from the builders and fitted with wireless apparatus, an improvement the benefit of which was experienced by shipping late in the season. .* The Montreal agency of the department took over the administration of the Lake St. Louis division from Lachine to Soulanges. The signal-service report an unprecedented demand for information and copies of their daily bulletins. Now that the contract for the installation of wireless telegraphy at eight stations on the Great Lakes has been let to the Marconi Com- pany of Canada, reports from these stations, which will include the movements of lake-vessels, will be published in the signal- service bulletins, next year. The regime of the new Harbor Commissioners, Messrs. W. G. Ross, president, Farquhar Robertson and Col. A. E. Labelle, who only assumed office towards the close of last year, has been marked by the virtual completion of the programme which they mapped out for themselves at the beginning of the Season, with the exception only of some works which they deferred carrying out until next year, at the request of the Shipping Federation. Much work has been done towards the removal of the temporary works at Moffatt's Island, which will be completed early next spring, with a view to doing away with the excessive velocity of the current throughout the harbor, and a great deal of dredging has also been done between the three principal harbor piers and the Guard Pier. An addition of a million and a half bushels has been made to the capacity of the No. 1 grain elevator; high level wharves have been con- structed at sections 24 and 25, and low level wharves have been constructed at Sections 26, 27 and 28. Among many THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 69 other less important works, the Commissioners have also com- pleted the reclaiming of the land at the site of the floating shipdock. The foundations of the machine shops have been laid and structural work will be proceeded with throughout the winter. * The usefulness of the dry dock was proved this season by its being requisitioned for the lifting of a number of lake craft which had suffered more or less injury, and also for lift- ing the two C.P.R. liners, Lake Manitoba and Mount Temple, after they had been injured through stranding. The Commissioners did good work for the port by making two trips to the west during the season, as a result of which a considerable quantity of grain was routed via Montreal which would otherwise have been shipped from ports on the Atlantic seaboard. They also attended the annual convention of the National Port Authorities of the United States, held in New Orleans. This is the first occasion on which Dominion port authorities have been invited to be present. A record season has again been reported, as was the case also last year, from the offices of the Harbor Commission. The returns for this year show an increase in revenue of $12,110.88, the total receipts having been $473,507.31, as compared with $461,396.43 for the season of 1912. Imports contributed $4,500 to the increase; exports, $7,000, and local traffic, $610.88. The number of sea-going vessels which arrived during the season was 820, as compared with 736 for the season of 1912, an increase of 84. Their combined net tonnage was 2,690,535 tons, an increase of 288,432 tons over the combined net ton- nage of last year’s arrivals. From a shipowner’s point of view, the season has been one of the best on record, the volume of tourist and ordinary pas- senger traffic having greatly increased, while freight has not only increased in quantity, but the rates obtainable have been such as to compensate owners to a considerable extent for the losses Sustained by them Some years ago. The first sea-going vessel to enter the port after the ice had gone out was the Wacousta, under charter at the time of 70 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS the Dominion Coal Company, which arrived on the night of Saturday, April 19th, 12 days earlier than the arrival of the Zieten, the first vessel up for the season of 1912. The Wacousta was followed two days later by the Elder-Dempster liner Sokoto, from Mexican ports, the first liner to arrive from a foreign port for the season. Both Captain Pierce, of the Sokoto, and Captain Olsen, of the Wacousta, who was subse- quently lost while commanding the Bridgeport, were presented by the Harbor Commissioners with gold-headed walking canes as souvenirs of the occasion. The last vessel to leave the port was the C.P.R. liner Ruthenia, which sailed for London and Antwerp on November 29. During the season 471 ocean liners visited the port, as compared with 405 for 1912, an increase of 66. The significance of the action of the C.P.R. in withdraw- ing from the North Atlantic “pool” last January may require more time to be appreciated at its true value, but that it has resulted in a most successful service having been established between Trieste, Naples and Canada is no longer open to doubt. The Tyrolia and Ruthenia, formerly known as the Lake Erie and Lake Champlain, respectively, made eight round voyages between them during the season. On their westbound trips they brought 1,552 cabin and 4,136 third-class passengers; on their eastbound trips, 186 cabin and 1,624 third-class passen- gers, so that they carried altogether 7,498 passengers, besides a large quantity of cargo, of which the importations comprised glass-ware, electric goods and other merchandise made in Austria, and Italian products which were shipped at Naples. If anything further were wanting to emphasize the success of the new service, it could be found in the agitation which rival lines have stirred up against the company in Austria, the effects of which, however, are beginning to recoil on the directorate of the North German lines. The Empress of Britain and Empress of Ireland have had another successful season, more passengers having been carried than during the St. Lawrence season of 1912. The liners made 15 round voyages between them, and, on their western trips, THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 71 brought 2,664 first, 5,543 second and 12,289 third class passen- gers, a total of 20,496 passengers. On their eastbound trips, 2,027 second and 8,841 third class passengers were carried, a total of 13,908 passengers, which is an increase of 2,594 passen- gers over the number who embarked on the eastbound trips during the St. Lawrence season of 1912. It was officially announced this year that orders had been placed for the building of two new Empress liners for the Atlantic trade. The Lake Manitoba, in consequence of an accident, only made five voyages this season, as compared with several during Allan Line R.M.S. “Alsatian”, Quadruple Screws, Turbine Engines, 18,000 Tons. the 1912 season, so that her numbers for this year are inevit- ably less. She brought out 1,578 cabin and 3,803 third-class passengers, and carried during her eastbound trips 717 cabin and 592 third-class passengers, a total both ways of 7,690 pas- sengers, which is only 1,000 less than was carried during the seven round voyages of 1912, so that a considerable increase was shown on individual trips. The passenger and freight service between Montreal, Lon- don and Antwerp was maintained by the following seven ships, the Lake Michigan, Montrose, Montezuma, Montreal, Mount Royal, Montfort and Mount Temple, which made 30 round 72 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS voyages between them. Although these ships are primarily freight carriers, and are admittedly the best vessels of that class on the St. Lawrence, an enormous number of passengers have travelled from Antwerp by them during the season, as many as upwards of 1,600 having been brought by an individual ship on a single trip. - - The company’s London-Antwerp steamers brought 198 cabin and 21,845 third-class passengers on their westbound trips, as compared with 102 cabin and only 13,751 third-class passengers last year. There was a slight falling-off on the eastbound trips, as during the fall of 1912 several Bulgarians returning from Canada to take part in the war against the Turks travelled via Antwerp. - The Robert Reford Company report that 1913 could not be regarded as Satisfactory a year for steamships as 1912, the imports not being nearly so large, while the exports fell off considerably on some commodities. Grain freights opened fairly strong and heavy bookings were made prior to the open- ing of navigation, but these rates weakened, and bookings the latter part of the season showed a drop of 1s per quarter. The big Northwest grain crop did not do the steamship companies as much good as was expected, as the demand from the other side was light, and shippers had more difficulty to sell their wheat abroad in competition with other markets, consequently the rates which ruled in October and November, 1913, were just about half of those ruling during the corresponding period of 1912. It was regretted that the corn crop in the States was a failure. Apple shipments fell off to the extent of 125,000 barrels compared with 1912. Even hay, which is largely used for filling up, was short and shipments of this commodity light. The Cunard line London service was augmented by the magnificent new T.S.S. Andania, which made four voyages during the Season. The advantage of a fine fast steamer on the London route was thoroughly appreciated by the shippers of provisions and other perishable cargo. It was expected that her sister ship, the Alaunia, would have been ready for the THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 73 summer trade, but her builders were unable to deliver her on account of strikes. The Thomson line maintained a joint London service with the Cunard line, and also had a service to the east coast of Great Britain and Scotland. Unfortunately, the sailings to these ports were curtailed during the season on account of a number of steamers being held up by the strike at Leith. The development of this trade has led the Thomson line to increase their services, and a regular weekly line to the east coast ports of Scotland and England, including Leith, Aberdeen, New- Cunard Line T.S.S. “Andania.” castle-on-Tyne, Sunderland and other ports, with ships fitted with refrigerators and cool air, will be a feature for 1914. The Cairngowan made her first trip to Montreal this year in con- nection with this line; she is a freighter of fine type with large carrying capacity. The newest steamer of the Thomson line, the Cairnross, also visited Montreal this season, and is the first steamer to be fitted with a new type of geared turbine engines, which have worked most satisfactorily. This type of turbine engine bids fair to be universally adopted by steamers in the future. 74 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS The Donaldson line' maintained its excellent Service throughout the season, the cold storage facilities being well patronized and taxed to their utmost capacity. The large share of provisions, cheese, apples, and other perishable cargo which was carried by these steamers, demonstrate their popu- larity with the shippers of these commodities. The steamers which came to the consignment of the Robert Reford Co., Limited, made up a total of 94 this year as com- pared with 86 last season – Sailings. Thomson & Cairn Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - 34 Donaldson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Cunard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Crown Line and direct line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Tramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 * º 94 The result of the operations of the past season show the Cunard line Canadian service to be firmly established as a factor in the passenger business of the country, 19 steamers arriving with westbound passengers, and 17 sailings eastbound during the summer season of 1913, as against 12 inward and 10 outward in the season of 1912. The westbound movement shows an increase in the number of cabin passengers carried of 115 per cent, and there was an increase of 74 per cent. in the third class. The eastbound increase is 127 per cent. in the cabin and 414 per cent. in the third class. These figures are an indication of the increasing popularity of the Cunard Canadian service. The new twin-screw steamer Andania was added to the fleet during the summer, and arrived at Montreal on her maiden trip on July 27th. Her sister ship, the Alaunia, will take her place in the Canadian service next season. The Cunard service is from Southampton via Queenstown to Quebec and Montreal in the summer, and to Portland, Me., via Queenstown and Halifax, in the winter months. The east- bound service is from Montreal in summer and Portland, Me., in winter, to London via Plymouth. The Donaldson line service between Montreal and Glas- gow was maintained with the usual regular weekly sailings of THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 75 the well-known twin-screw steamers Athenia, Cassandra, Sat- urnia and Letitia. There were 27 arrivals during the summer of 1913, as against 29 during 1912. With two sailings less, there was a slight decrease of less than 2 per cent. in the number of cabin passengers carried westbound, but an increase of over 24 per cent. in the third class. The eastbound move- ment showed an increase of 29 per cent. in the cabin and 28 per cent. in the third class. Donaldson Line T.S.S. “Letitia.” The St. Lawrence season closed for the Allan line with the sailing of the R.M.S. Corsican on November 26th, with a total of 1,456 passengers, a record number in a record year. The total number of passengers carried east and westbound for the period May to November was 104,929 all classes, as against 87,146 for the corresponding period of 1912. The figures are as follows:– EASTBOUND. 1st 2nd 3rd Total 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,242 7,456 13,103–22,801 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,283 9.373 19,404–31,062 76 TH E SHIPPING BUSINESS WESTEOUND. 1St 2nd 3rd Total 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,439 21,613 39,293—64,345 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,683 24,259 45,925—73,867 Weekly services to Liverpool, Glasgow, Havre and London were maintained without interruption during the season, there being 31 departures in the Liverpool service, 30 to Glasgow, and 29 to Havre and London. - While there has been a substantial increase in westbound travel, the eastbound figures are particularly gratifying, the carryings of the steamers of the Glasgow and London-Havre services showing large increases over 1912. This is no doubt due to the improvement in the services and the increasing popularity of such steamers as the Scandinavian and Scotian operated on the “one class cabin ‘’ basis. Of particular interest is the percentage of eastbound to westbound business. Statis- tics of a decade ago show barely 20 per cent. of westerners carried eastbound, while in 1913 the proportion has increased to 42 per cent. e Important developments for the 1914 season include the appearance of the new steamers Alsatian and Calgarian on the Liverpool service, and the placing of the Corsican and Tunisian on the Glasgow and Havre-London routes, respectively. The season just closed has been on the whole unsatisfactory, so far as freight traffic is concerned. This applies particularly to the eastbound movement. Rates showed a declining ten- dency from the beginning of the season, and the amount of traffic offering was considerably less than the tonnage available, so that many vessels sailed short of their full complement. This was due largely to the condition of the grain markets and to the partial failure of the apple crop. Cheese shipments also showed a decided falling off as compared with 1912. West- bound cargoes showed a substantial increase for the first half of the season, but the results for the second half were not so Satisfactory. However, the entire season showed an increase of 15 per cent. Over 1912, which compensated to some extent THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 77 for the falling off in exports. The Allan line handled at Montreal 90 vessels during the season. The White Star-Dominion line look upon the season as one of the most satisfactory in the annals of their operations in this trade. All classes of business eastbound and westbound have shown substantial increases over last year, although there has not been any increase in the number of sailings, the com- pany having the same number of ships in and out of the port this year as last. The eastbound carryings, all classes, totalled 16,364 passengers, compared with 13,511 passengers for the - - - º - - --- - - e-ºr- ºl --- *::::: - *F±±±º. ***, *- Lº- white star-Dominion Line T.s.s. “Laurentic.” corresponding period of 1912, an increase of 17 per cent. Westbound the company brought to the St. Lawrence 33,159 passengers, as compared with 29,851 in 1912, representing an increase of approximately 10 per cent. This, however, does not give an adequate idea of the total increase in the volume of traffic handled by this company, as they continued to operate extra steamers to Halifax and Portland throughout the spring and early summer months to provide for the largely increased volume of westbound passenger traffic to Canadian destinations, which has made the company a larger factor than ever before in the development and settlement of Canada's vast domain. 78 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS While the White Star-Dominion line has not added any new tonnage to its fleet in this trade, the largely increased carryings are a tangible recognition of the popularity of their Laurentic and Megantic, which have been distinguished, since their entry in the trade, as “the largest steamers between Canadian ports and Liverpool.” The Teutonic and Canada also retained their popularity with the travelling public. The company has continued to act as general agents for the Canada line, operating from Hamburg, Bremen and Rotter- dam, and was also appointed general agents for the Austro- Americana line, which made its entry into the Canadian trade this year with an excellent class of tonnage operated from Trieste, Patras and Lisbon, which it is confidently anticipated will be added to in 1914, in view of the satisfactory returns enjoyed by this new service during the first year of its oper- ations. The Canada line carryings are largely in excess of last year, the line having brought to Canada during this year 49,556 passengers, of whom 29,507 were landed at Quebec and 20,049 at Halifax and Portland, all destined to Canadian centres. The Austro-Americana line brought to Canada 6,656 pas- sengers, of whom 5,723 were landed at Quebec and 933 at Portland. As this line provides for an Italian port of call, the service is very much appreciated by Italians. The last sailing of the line from Montreal, on the 19th of November, carried 516 passengers for Naples. A regular service is to be maintained next year. The Dominion line of freight steamers between Bristol, Liverpool and Montreal, has had a season which was so success- ful that a weekly service from Bristol had, for the first time in the history of the line, to be arranged. Furness, Withy & Company, Limited, report a very suc- cessful season. They represent the Manchester liners and have operated a weekly service with them between Montreal and Manchester, twenty-nine voyages having been made. Both import and export shipments have been well maintained. THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 79 Furness, Withy & Company have also operated their own steamers in a service between Montreal and Hull, twenty-five voyages having been made. In addition to these regular ser- vices to Manchester and Hull, they have handled several cargoes of china clay from Fowey to Three Rivers and Montreal, and two full cargoes of sugar from Hamburg, and loaded several full cargoes of grain from Montreal for outside ports. The Canadian Northern Royal line management report an increased passenger business between Montreal and Bristol. Among the distinguished parties carried during the summer - - - - º - a * \| - º . **. -- - . - R. M. S. “Royal George.”—Canadian Northern Steamships Limited. was one which comprised Colonel Sam Hughes, Minister of Militia and Defence, and other Canadian officers attending the military manoeuvres held at Aldershot. The regular monthly sailings of this firm’s South African liners have been maintained, and full cargoes have invariably been shipped from this port. Although it was not sought to renew the company’s mail- contract between Canada and the West Indies, yet the company were to some extent instrumental in ultimately securing the awarding of a contract to the Royal Mail Steam Packet Com- 80 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS pany, for whom the Elder-Dempster Company are the local agents, after an interim arrangement by which the mails were carried from Halifax to the West Indies by Pickford & Black, of that city. As a consequence of the non-renewal of the mail- contract with the Elder-Dempster line, the well-known steamers Sokoto and Bornu were taken off the St. Lawrence route, but a large number of tramps were employed by the firm in bring- ing sugar from the West Indies, asphalt from Mexico, sulphur from Sabine and pitch-pine from Florida. The monthly service of the New Zealand line between Montreal, Australian and New Zealand ports has been most successful, full cargoes having been the rule throughout the season. Similar cargoes were shipped from Montreal to those despatched during the 1912 season, Canadian-made auto- mobiles and paper being principal articles of expoſ'. A new feature of the service this season has been the calls made at Sydney by liners bound for Montreal. As a result, a new trade has been established with Australia and New Zealand, consist- ing of nails, wire, and other manufactured goods of a similar nature. -- & The management of McLean, Kennedy & Co. report, as agents for the Ulster Steamship Company, the maintenance by the Head Line of steamers of a regular service between Mont- real, Belfast, and Dublin, until towards the end of the season, when sailings were interrupted to a certain extent by the dockers’ strike at Dublin. A novel feature of the season’s trade was the importation of corn which had been grown in the Argentine and transhipped at Belfast, the new departure being occasioned by the failure of the corn crops in the states of the Middle West. - As usual, a number of cargoes of silver sand were imported from Antwerp, either by the Head liners, or by tramp steamers, consigned to the firm. . - A record season in the history of the R. & O. and allied lines, both with regard to ordinary passenger and tourist travel, is reported by Mr. H. Foster Chaffee, passenger traffic man- ager of the company. During the summer months, 65,000 tour- THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 81 ists from the United States were landed at Montreal by the steamers of the combined lines, the average for several weeks being well over 3,000 tourists. The management of the Dominion Coal Company report total coal shipments to the St. Lawrence this season of 1,700,000 tons, as compared with 1,590,000 tons during the season of 1912, an increase of 110,000 tons. The total number of steamers operated during the season was 34. In addition to the steamer shipments, the company is for- warding from 80,000 to 100,000 tons of coal via Portland this “Empress of Ireland.”—Canadian Pacific Ry. Co.'s Atlantic Service. winter, and they have a reserve of 100,000 tons at their dumps at Windmill Point, Hochelaga and the Wellington Basin. The total dead-weight carrying capacity of the company’s steamers was 165,958 tons, and the maximum carrying capa- city of any individual steamer was 11,200 tons. In addition to the coal-steamers, the Corunna and Nevada have been employed in the company’s steel trade, carrying steel, wire, and wire products, while other boats have been engaged in the ore and limestone carrying trade. S2 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS The Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company have had a pro- portionately successful season, as far as their coal shipments to the St. Lawrence are concerned, though that is but a small portion of their total trade. About the same tonnage as last year has been operated above Quebec, steamers having traded to Three Rivers, Sorel and Montreal. - The fleet of the Sincennes-McNaughton Company has shared in the prosperity of the port, and their tugs have, on several occasions, been instrumental in rendering invaluable assistance to Ocean-liners and lake-Vessels, which met with mis- fortune. The firm’s new tug, Aurelie G., which was built at Glasgow last year, came out under her own steam in the spring. A feature of the business done by the firm was the towing of the mammoth dredge destined for excavation work in Hudson’s Bay, the first stage of her voyage to Port Nelson, viz., from Montreal to Sydney. The season was a record one for the Lachine Canal, par- ticularly with regard to grain, the increase being virtually half as much again as last year’s total. The total quantity of grain which came down was 52,836,696 bushels, as compared with 35,800,939 bushels for 1912, an increase of 17,037,757 bushels. The following are the official statistics of grain and produce passing through the Canal to Montreal, compared with those for 1912 : - 1913. 1912. Wheat (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,540,693 24,345,435 Indian Corn (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . 182,718 289,914 Oats (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,867,866 9,671,815 Darley (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,592,234 881,399 . Rye (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,249 25,500 Flaxseed (bushels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,384,936 758,963 Flour (Sacks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465,031 456,059 Eggs (cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,219 17,774 Butter (pkgs.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,468 5,466 Cheese (boxes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,298 250,340 Apples (barrels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,669 55,169 Coal brought down the canal into the harbor weighed up to 835,242 tons, an increase of 402,764 tons, and coal landed On the canal banks at various points, 530,190 tons, an increase of 90,683 tons. . * THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 83 The number of permits issued to boats to pass through the canal was 6,635, as compared with 6,125 issued during 1912, an increase of 510. - The number of vessels which have navigated the canal this year is 664, of which 171 were Canadian steamers, 35 American, 271 Canadian barges or Scows, 11 American barges, and 176 American canal-boats. These vessels had a combined tonnage of 239,377 tons, and made a total of 10,197 trips, so that, counting the tonnage every trip, a total of 4,977,557 net tons was operated during the season. The vessels carried alto- gether 4,171,092 net tons of grain and miscellaneous cargoes. The number of passengers carried through the canal and down the rapids was 107,073. . of 48,500 linear feet. . Lumber sent up into the canal-basin totalled 101,479 tons; and down, 146,345 tons. Sand up from the harbor to the canal-basin totalled 81,488 tons, and down, 102,399 tons. Trips made up the canal light for return cargoes of grain, coal, sand or lumber, numbered 3,406. Besides other vessels, 97 rafts were operated, having a total The total number of trips made in 1913 was 10,197, an increase of 637 over 1912. The total combined tonnage oper- ated was 4,977,559 tons, an increase of 858,195 tons; the total grain and miscellaneous cargoes operated totalled 4,171,092 tons, an increase of 916,943 tons. The 107,073 passengers carried in 1913 represented an increase of 17,516. The number of vessels for 1913 was 104 less than in 1912, and their combined tonnage showed a decrease of 12,142 tons, and this in spite of the marked advance in the figures of car- goes carried. : - Coal brought down to the harbor or landed on the canal- banks increased by 493,447 tons. Canadian vessels brought chiefly, apart from grain, lumber, cement, Sand, bricks, butter, cheese, firewood, scrap-iron, hay, steel products and Square timber. American canal-boats brought iron pipes, moulding sand, salt, lumber, black clay 84 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS and rosin. Many of the latter, after discharging their cargoes, proceeded to Ottawa for lumber. Two cargoes of pulpwood were brought from Norway during the season, one of 1,331 tons by the new lake steamer Glenfoyle, and another of 1,400 tons by her sister ship, the Keyvive. Navigation of the canal lasted from April 23rd to Decem- ber 9th, a period of 230 days, or nine days longer than in 1912. Drill Carriage in Heading No. 1, W., Mount Royal Tunnel. (First Passenger Train Passed Through New C.N.R. Tunnel, Dec. 10th, 1913.) ... THE GAZETTE Are admitted to be the best published in Canada. Jºddress, gazerre PRINTING CO., Limited, MONTREAL- Subscription - - - $6.00 per year. DistANCE IN MARINE MILEs Via ri rt; w & * e * g * * e & Gl) gº * ST. Law RENCE # g | 3 # 3 # | 3 # BELLE ISLE. # § § 3 # sº É 3 # RIVER o 3 - || 0 | #: | tº a sºlº || 2 | f | #| 3 |& SouTH O ſº # | 3 | #| # .# § ; : .g #j| 5 |####| #| 3 || 3 |###| #| #| S. |}| 3 HY | <3 92 || O Ø- | P- P, tº: § | 3:3|3.5| 3 | "a 3 || || 3:#|| 5 || 5 || 3 || 3 || 7 || 5 § | 6 || 2 | # .H | > | . . . . .3 || 3 | . FROM # Hăşă|#| ||A Hā ā|#| || 3 ||#| * # # #| 3 | #| | | #| 5 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 5 | # ; : , ; ' ' || 3 Pi— | Tö e y-4 {-4 c: ; ; § .3 t; q} | . c.3 5 cº §: "3 | "G & # 3"| 3 || 5 |#| #"|3|#|5|| 5 || 3 |& FROM & | 3 | # | 3 || 5 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || || || 3 || 3 | }. Montreal. . . . . . . . . . . . . 139|| 148| 154| 160] 172 184| 196 || 217| 226. 235| 249| 279| 297 || Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 317| 340 374; 399 432| 463 554 577, 799 812| 872 uebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * 9 21] 33 45 57 78 96 110 140|| 158|| Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158] 178] 201] 235 260 293 324. 415 438. 660 673 783 St. Lawrence Point...l.... [....| 6| 12| 24| 3 || 4 69; 78 87| 101| 131|| 149|| Father Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. 43| 77| 102 135|| 166 257 280 502 515 575 St. John's Point. . . . . . gº is e º i e s tº is I s s e e 6| 18| 30| 42 63| 72| 81; 95| 125] 143|| Metis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23| 57| 82. 115|| 146 237| 260 482 495| 555 Bellechasse... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 24| 36 57| 66 75| 89| 119| 137|| Matane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 59 12 123| 214. 237 459 472| 532 Crane Island.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 24 45| 54| 63 77| 107| 125|| Cape Chatte.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 58. 89, 180 203| 425 438 498 Pillars................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 33| 42|| 51| 65| 95| 113|| Martin River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33| 64 155 178 400|| 413| 473 EAST. . Cape Magdalen. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 31|| 122 145|| 367| 380. 440 Traverse I.ight Ship...|....|... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21] 30| 39| 53| 83| 101|| Fame Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]....|.... 91 114| 336 349 400 Kamouraska. . . . . . . . . • - - - , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I - - - - I - - - - - - . . . . . 9] 18; 32| 62} 80|| South Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 245' 258. 318 Pilgrims.............. s & e s ] e s is $ s e s = | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * * * s' s e º & e º a 9| 23| 53| 71 || Heath Point... . . . . . . . ....l....l....l........l....l....l........ [....] 222 235 295 Brandy Pots..............]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] 14. 44| 62|| Greenly Island...............|....|........|........|........]. ...|....] 18 73 Green Island. . . . . . . . . • * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * 1 s = < * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . [....] 30 48| Point Amour. . . . . . . . . ....l....l....l........l....l....l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Bic Island. . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * : s s : * : * * * * 1 s & 4 & 1 & e s I e s a & H & e º s & e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Vi # & Š # * H tº Port LAND via . * i É ‘g rö 18, e +3 --> Q) Up º * e - & gº ſº GD & cº p: e º 5 || 3 || 3 § | 5 || ‘ā | 3 || > | g | g | 8 CAPE RACE and 9 ă 3 || 3 || 3 || 5 || 3 Tº || 3 || 3 || 3: O ſū | 3 || ſº | 3 || 5 || 3 || 3 5 | E H § | 3 || 3 || 3 S | 3 | * | 3 Care Race #|| 3 || || 5 || || 3 || || 3 || 3 || 3 || 5 |# 3 - g | #| # #| 3 || 5 | g | #| #| | | | | 3 || | | | | | | # | | | 3 | g | | | | | # | * | * HALIFAX. à | # = |* | * | 3 || 3 | f | *- : | 3 || 3: FROM # | 3 | #| 3 | #| 5 | # #| #| | | #| # # | 3 || 3 || 3 | #|#| 5 || 3 | #| 3 || 3 | # dº ſº Ö | > | CŞ ſº | CŞ | f | j à | CŞ CŞ FROM & | < | > | } | 3 || 3 || 3 || 5 || 3 | f | B. & Montreal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 374| 399 .432| 463 481 | 618, 690. 827| 939| 959]. ...|| Portland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 45| 65|| 188| 204| 253| 322 328; 358| 383 440 798 Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158. 235 260 293 324 345 479 551, 688 800 820....|| Sequin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. 43 168] 184| 231|| 300, 306. 336 361|| 418 776 Father Point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 102 135. 166 187 || 329| 393 530. 642 662|....|| Manheigan..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 143| 161| 208. 277| 283; 313| 338|| 395| 753 Cape Chatte.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20) 58. 89| 110 244, 316| 453| 565| 585|....|| Metinicus... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123| 141| 188! 257 263| 293| 318| 375 733 Martin River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] 33| 64| 85 | 219| 291| 428 540. 560|....|| Seal Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18| 65|| 134|| 140|| 170 195| 252 619 Cape Magdalen. . . . ....]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] 31|| 52 | 186] 258 395| 507 527|....|| Cape Sable. . . . . . . . . . . * * * * | * * * * * * * * * | * is e a & & # s Jº º tº e e 47 116. 122 152; 177|| 234 502 Fame Point....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 | 155 227 364; 476 496|....| Little Hope..... . . . . . . & is tº e I e º 'º e ] e s tº e I e s & º I & tº gº & I e g g e . . . . 69| 75 105| 130 187 545 Cape Rosier. . . . . . . . . . * * * * : * * * * : * * * * | * * * * | * * * * : * * : * I e s e s is e 134| 206| 343| 455, 475|....|| Sambro Island...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6|| 36|| 61| 118; 476 Bird Rocks.... . . . . . . . * * * * | * * * * * * * * * | * e s e I s e e s ] & s e s ] e : s e º 'º . . . . . 72| 209| 320|| 341|. . . . || Chebucto EHead. . . . . . . * * * * | * * * * | * * tº s tº * g e I e g º e I & e º & . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 55' 112 470 Cape Ray. . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * : * * * * : * * * * I e s a s I e s e a s • * * : * ~ * * * * . . . . . . . . | 137| 249| 269|....|| Egg Island. . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * | * * * * | * * e s : º e tº e I gº tº s º . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25| 82 440 St. Pierre..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 132]. ...|| Beaver Island. . . . . . . . e e º a is a tº e ] & & e ∈ e is ſº e I g g tº $ s & e e I e g º & '................] 57 415 Cape Pine. . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e = e s * * * @ a g º & W & & & © ºf tº * * 20|....}| White Head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Montreal to Cape Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959 Montreal to Belle Isle.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 Portland to Cape Race, via Halifax......... 798 Cape Race to Tory Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,740 Belle Isle to Tory Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,656 Cape Race to Tory Island.................. 1,740 Tory Island to Liverpool...... . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Tory Island to Liverpool... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Tory Island to Liverpool.................... 240 Total..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • . . . . . . . . . . . 2,93 Total... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768 Total................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 - Liverpool to Halifax direct.................. 2,444 Liverpool to Moville................ ... 197 Liverpool to Portland direct............ . . . . 2,750 Halifax to Portland............. tº s º e º º 334 Liverpool to Belle Isle Straits............... Montreal to Quebec....... * * * * e à e s e e º sº 139 1,896 Liverpool to St. John, N.B., direct.............. 2,694 NEWFOUNDLAND The Quickest, Safest and Best Passenger and Freight Route . TO ALL PARTS OF N E W F O U NDL AND IS WIA THE REID-NEW FOUNDLAND COMPANY :— : Only Six Hours at Sea :-: Steamers Leave North Sydney Every night except Sunday, on arrival of the I. C. R. Express, connecting at PORT AU BASQUES with the Reid - Newfoundland Company's Railway and Steamship System. Express Trains Leave St. John’s, Newfoundland Every day except Friday, at 6 o'clock p.m., connecting with the I. C. R. Express at NORTH SYDNEY every morning except Sunday. *. REID-NEWFOUNDLAND CO., St. John's, * > ſº- - Newfoundland. U N A R D L II N E (CANADIAN SERVICE) PASSENGER AND FREIGHT SERVICE w E & 2 × . . . . . . º. • * * * * * & . . . . . . * * * º New Twin Screw Steamers “ANDAN IA” and “ ALAUNIA." each 13,000 TONS C U N A R D L I N E *ść" i EASTBOUND FROM M O N T R E A L (in Summer) ºść; ; ;" TO LONDON NZ A. EMI L S.' Nºſ O Uſ’ T E I WESTBOUND FROM LONDON and MONTREAL (in Summer) SOUTHA. MPTON to PORTLAND, Me. (in Winter) Via Vla Queenstown Halifax N.S. CONNECTING AT PORTLAND WITH THE Y- *. G R A N D T R U N K R A J L W A Y S Y S T E M Twin Screw Steamers “ANDANIA,” 13,300 tons, “ASCANIA,” 10,000 tons, “ALAUNIA,” 13,300 tons, “AUSONIA,” 9,000 tons, fitted with Marconi “Wireless,” Steam Heat, Electric Light, Electric Bells, Bilge Keels, and Submarine Signalling Apparatus. Cool Air for Meats, Cheese, etc. Cold Storage for Butter, Frozen Meats, Fruits, etc., on all Steamers. Favorite Steamers for Cheese and all Perishable Cargo. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and Western States. For further information apply to all Railway Agents. THE CUNAF D STEAMSHIP company, LIMITED, NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO MINNEAPOLIS WIN.INIPEG THE ROBERT REFORD company, LIMITED, MonTREAL, ST. JOHN, N.B. QUEBEC TORONTO Port LAND, Me, ELDER, DEMPSTER LINES CANADA T0 SOUTH AFRICA MONTHLY SAILINGS - FROM MONTREAL IN SUMMER - AND - ST. JOHN, N.B. IN WINTER FOR FULL INFORMATION APPLY TO ELDER, DEMPSTER & CO., LIMITED, 319 BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING ESTABLISHED 1849 The Sincennes-McNaughton Line - Limited Forwarders and Tug Line Proprietors Montreal Harbor Tugs DIRECTORS : J. O. GRAVEL, President. A. A. LAROCQUE, Man. Director. * YVON DUPRE, Sec.-Treasurer General Office: 75 Common Street, Corner Grey Nun Telephone Main 34 TUG OFFICE : Lock 1, foot of Lachine Canal, McGill Street Telephone Main 706 P. O. BOX 2775 DONALDSON LINE Passenger and Freight Service TWIN SCREW S.S. “LETITIA” 9000 TONS DONALDSON LINE **ś" Weekly from Montreal during Season of Navigation And from St. John, N.B., during Winter Season In connection with the Canadian Pacific and Intercolonial Railways Passenger Service.—Excellent Accommodation for One-Class cabin (called second)'ſand Third-Class Passengers on the Twin Screw Steamers “LETITIA,” “SATURNIA, “ATHENIA” and “CASSANDRA.” - Marconi Wireless, Bilge Keels, Speed, Safety. Favorite Boats for Horses and other Live Stock. Cold Storage for Butter, Meats, Poultry, Fruit, &c. Specially ventilated accommodation for Cheese, Provisions, and Apples. Thgº Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and the Western tates. For further information apply to D. J. DONOVAN, Western Freight Agent, 234 South LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill. 349 Main St., Winnipeg, Man. H. E. LIDMAN, Western Pass. Agent, (183 North Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. 208 Fourth St., South, Minneapolis, Minn. OR ALL RAILWAY AGENTS. THE ROBERT REFORD CO., Limited, Montreal, St. John, N.B., Quebec, Toronto, Winnipeg, Portland, Chicago and Minneapolis. Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company * aë . é * . . . . . . sé. ºgº.3 ºf *- * J } -- - - ºw " i : ... #=##### #Hºrrºr*...ºf rift #: ######rg. .*.*.*** iº w * #: #rºr-infirrºr- - - * , ; ; i.e., . º' 'º';*.*.*.*.*, *, *, ſº st ºf:rmiſſiºn jºiſ-Tºlº tºes." 3. ". . . g Steamer MONTREAL of R. & O. Nav. Coy. . Operating a regular. Freight Service from Lake Ontario and Bay of Quinte Ports to Montreal offer unexcelled facilities for handling Butter, Cheese, Eggs, Apples, etc., for Local Market or Export. Also from Lower St. Lawrence and Saguenay. Quick Dispatch, landing produce in best of condition. - COAL and CO KE ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL A LSO FOUND.RY COKE [] [T] GEORGE'S CREEK CUMBERLAND FOR SMITHING PURPOSES [...] [T] Rail shipment to all points on Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railways and their connections. *— FC R P RIG ES APPLY Farquhar Robertson, Limited, 2O6 ST. JANA ES STREET THOMSON LINE Prº-ºr---~~~----------------- ~ :----- . .es, e--- * . .- Sºx . . ** r IFIREIGHT SERVICE B E T W E E R. Leith, Newcastle, Aberdeen AND EAST COAST PORTS OF England and Scotland DIRECT SERVICE FROM THE Mediterranean SAILLINGS FROM Portland, Me., in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway during the Winter Season. FAVORITE BOATS FOR CHEESE AND ALL PERISHABLE CARGO Cool Air for Meats and Cheese, etc. Cold Storage for Fruit, Butter, & Frozen Meats, etc. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and the Western States. For further information apply to HENDERSON BROS., 35 West Randolph St., Chicago • ALL RAILWAY AGENTS, OR THE ROBERT REFORD Co., LIMITED, MONTREAL, St. John N.B., Quebec, Toronto, Winnipeg, Portland, Chicago and Minneapolis. DOMINION BRIDGE CO. LIMITED Head Offices and Works, Branch Offices and Works, MONTREAL Toronto, Ottawa, Winnipeg Cap a city 100,000 Tons ENGIN E E R S AND Co NTR A CTORs Steel Buildings of all Turntables, Electric kinds, Cranes, Railway and Highway t Hoisting Appliances, Bridges, Lift Locks, Hydraulic Swing & Bascule Spans, Regulating Gates, etc. Large Stock of Standard Structural Material at All Works ASBESTOCEMENT BUILDING MATERIAL S REDUCE FIRE LOSSES ASBESTOSLATE makes roofs that are handsome, fireproof, practi- cally everlasting, and moderate in price. LINABESTOS Building Board prevents inside fires from spreading. It is quickly applied, and makes a permanent, attractive, yet inexpensive interior finish. ASBESTOS Corrugated Sheathing makes walls and roofs for Ware- houses, Factories, Garages, Stables and Barns that are ab- solutely weather and fireproof. For full information about these Building Materials, and also about Asbestos Paper and Millboard, Asbestos Air-cell Pipe Covering, Asbestos Sheet and Piston Packing and other Asbestos Pro- ducts, write ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING CO., Limited Address: E. T. Bank Bldg., 254 St. James Street, Montreal. Factory at Lachine, Que., (near Montreal). º: |.---: -# º*.-:. --~*º- 4. -t- *e- 2- *- f*. *j-- tw --ad..* & * i g ** f: GENERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS OF THE GRAND TRUNK RY. SYSTEM AND THE CANADIAN EXPRESS CO. CANADIAN ExPREss Co. Operating over the lines of the GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM, CANADIAN GOVERNMENT LINES - and other important - RAIL and WATER ROUTES CANADIAN FORWARDERS OF MERCHANDISE, VALUABLES, ETC. Special Rates and Facilities on Business between GREAT BRITAIN AND CANADA. Money Orders, Travellers’ Cheques, Foreign Cheques issued, payable at par everywhere. General Offices, gº gº tºms MONTREAL, QUE. JOHN PULLEN, President. THE STANDARD LIFE AssurANCE COMPANY OF EDINBURGH Established 1825 Head Office for Canada - Montreal Invested Funds gº - - tº- $66,500,000 Deposits with Canadian Governmen tº- sº • ‘ 8,840,000 Investments Canadian Branch - sº :- tºº 16,000,000 Unconditional Policies. Claims settled immediately on proof of death and title. World-Wide Policies. Family Trust Policies. Assurance effected on first-class lives “without medical examination.” Apply for full particulars D. M. McGOUN, Manager. DOMINION COAL CO. LIMITED “DOMINION’ AND “SPRINGHILL’” C O A SCREENED, RUN OF 9 MINE AND SLACK DISCHARGING PLANTS AT MONTREAL, QUEBEC and THREE RIVERS WITH Unexcelled facilities for Bunkering D SALES OFFICE; 112 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL Telephone MAIN 4491 Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. Limited Steel Works and Head Office, NEW GLASGOW, N.S. PRO PRIE TO RS, M IN E R S AND SHIPPERS OF “Old Sydney” Bituminous Coal Unrivalled Facilities For Bunkering Collieries at Shipping Pier at Sydney Mines, Cape Breton North Sydney, Cape Breton g Manufacturers of - . . * St Merchant Bars, Sheets and Plates (from 12-gauge up 661 to 17 thick. Any widths up to 50"). Heavy Forgings, Hammered Shafts. Nothing Required in Canada too Large for Us. Steam and Electric Car Axles, Fish Plates, Spikes and other Railway Materials, Tee Rails—12, 18, and 28 lbs. per yard. The Scope of Your Business ºš Is as great as you make it. Call to your aid the Long Distance Telephone and you increase your business by reaching a wider field. Telephone sales are inexpensive— no travelling or incidental expenses are necessary, and you reap increased profits from the new territory thus opened up. “Every Bell Telephone is a Long Distance Station.” The Bell Telephone Co. Of Canada Howard Smith Paper Mills LIMITED, MONTREAL Makers in Canada of the highest grades of loft dried— Fine Writing Papers—under the “Beaver S" Trademark— Watermark. :-: :-: :-: :-: See that this watermark is in all the papers you use—it stands for the utmost your money can buy in Canadian Made Papers. :-: :-: :-: :-: The THOS. DAVIDSON M'FG CO., Limited. . . En is n a je d War e. 5 tern ped ..W jº Hº sº; !Nº.Viticſ. Aizºtº ENAMELED WARE, LITHOGRAPHED, PRESSED and PIECED TINWARE, SHEET IRON and STEEL WARE, ALUMINUM WARE, GALVANIZED WARE, COPPER WARE, WIRE GOODS, STOVES, RANGE BOILERS, Etc. MONTREAL, TORONTO and WINNIPEG DEPARTMENT OF MINES MILINES BRANCH The Mines Branch publishes reports, monographs and bulletins on mining and metallurgica industries. Two reports appear annually, namely the Summary Report of the Mines Branch and the Annual Report on the Mineral Production of Canada. Bulletins and reports have been published on such minerals as the following: Asbestos, Building and Ornamental Stones, Chrome Iron Ore, Graphite, Gypsum, Iron Ore, Mica, Molybdenum Ores, Oil Shales, Peat, and Tungsten Ores. REPORTS RECENTLY ISSUED : 83. An investigation of the Coals of Canada with reference to their Economic Qualities, as conducted at McGill University under the authority of the Dominion Government. Report on—by J. B. Porter, E.M., D.Sc., R. J. Durley, Ma. E., and others— Vol. I–Coal Washing and Coking Tests. Vol. II—Boiler and Gas Producer Tests. 100. The Building and Ornamental Stones of Canada. Report on—by Professor W. A. Parks. 118. Mica: Its Occurrence, Exploitation, and Uses. Report on—by Hugh S. de Schmid, M.E. (Second Edition). 154. The Utilization of Peat Fuel for the Production of Power: being a record of experiment con- ducted at the Fuel Testing Station, Ottawa, 1910-11. Report on—by B. F. Haanel, B.Sc. 145. The Magnetic Iron Sands of Natashkwan, by Geo. C. Mackenzie. * 167. Pyrites in Canada: Its Occurrence, Exploitation, Dressing and Uses, by Alfred W. G. Wilson. 170. The Nickel Industry, with Special Reference to the Sudbury Region, by A. P. Coleman. 201. Annual Report on the Mineral Production of Canada, 1911, by John McLeish. 224. Summary Report of the Mines Branch, 1912. 227. Sections of the Sydney Coal Field, Cape Breton, by Joseph G. S. Hudson. 230. Economic Minerals and Mining Industries of Canada. . 238. A General Summary of the Mineral Production of Canada, 1912, by John McLeish. Communications for the Mines Branch should be addressed to the Director, Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The Geological Survey has published maps and reports dealing with a large part of Canada, with many local areas and special subjects. A catalogue of publications will be sent free to any applicant. REPORTS RECENTLY ISSUED: 1085. Descriptive sketch of the Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada. Accompanied by a geological and mineral map of Canada, by G. A. Young and R. W. Brock. 1204. Memoir 24. Preliminary Report on the Clay and Shale Deposits of the Western Provinces, by Heinrich Ries and Joseph Keele. . 1160. Memoir 17. Larder Lake District, Ont., and Adjoining Portions of Pontiac County, Que., by Morley E. Wilson. - 1165. Memoir 18. Bathurst District, N.B., by G. A. Young. 1220. Memoir 29. Oil and Gas Prospects of Northwest Provinces, by Wyatt Malcolm. 1228. Memoir 31. Wheaton District, Yukon, by D. D. Cairnes. 1242. Memoir 33. Gowganda Mining Division, by W. H. Collins. 1186. Memoir 35. Reconnaissance along the National Transcontinental Railway in Southern Quebec, by John A. Dresser. 1255. Memoir 37. Atlin District, B.C., by D. D. Cairnes. MAPS RECENTLY ISSUED: 1181. Map 35A. Reconnaissance Map of Parts of Albert and Westmoreland Counties, N.B. Geology and topography. Scale 1 mile to 1 inch. 1168. Map 30A. Mother Lode and Sunset Mines, Deadwood. Geology and topography. 1210. Map 40A. Bighorn Coal Basin, Alta. Topography. 1202. Map 52A. Northeast Part of the Serpentine Belt, Eastern Townships. Geology. 1208. Map 53A. Southeast Nova Scotia. Geology. 1260-1276. Maps 74A-90A. Geology of the Forty-ninth Parallel. 750. Grenville Sheet, Parts of Ontario and Quebec. NOTE.-Maps published within the last two years may be had, printed on linen, for fleld use. A charge of 10 cents is made for maps on linen. Communications for the Geological Survey should be addressed to THE DIRECTOR, GEOLOGICAL * SURVEY, OTTAWA. - __..…”. ºzºº. Ž’ & % * ºs- & # º#| Designers - Engravers - Electrotypers Desbarats Building, Beaver Hall Hill, MONTREAL M A DE IN C A N A D A Superfine Linen Record A Perfect Ruling Paper The wearing qualities of th’s paper are unsurpassed. Will not change with handling or age—two features very essential in a paper for permanent records. WHY NOT TRY SūPERFINE LINEN RECORD Paper for your next Ledger or Loose Leaf Forms tºº, WRITE FOR SAMPLES TO-DAY The Rolland Paper Co., Limited HIGH GRADE PAPER MAKERS General Offics; Mills at 384 St. Paul Street, ST. JEROME AND MONTREAL, P.Q. MONT ROLLAND, P.Q. Mazda Lamps HE Northern Light is the latest development in Drawn Wire Electric Lamps. Northern Light Mazda Lamps give three times the light of the old-fashioned carbon lamps and consume no more Current. - -- t For your convenience we have packed them in boxes. Each lamp is enclosed in corrugated paper to insure safety in storing. - Buy Northern Lights by the Box from your electrical dealer or at our local house. . f 12% cº- ...MANūrā‘TURING counts : - MONTREAL HALIFAX TORONTO WINNIPEG . REGINA EDMONTON CALGARY WANCOUVER ‘VICTORIA * Montreal Lithographing Co. Limited Lithographers FINE COLOR WORK AND COMMERCIAL STATIONERY The Montreallithographing Company, Limited 925 Ontario Street East | -- -- - - - - - º º The Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Man-Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Service HE Gazette's Job Printing Department prides itself on the service it renders its cus- tCImerS. It seeks Contracts with large users of printing for their entire requirements or it will, quote on your work as you require it. Either way it will give you Quality and Servicë. - THE GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY, Limited 38 ST. ANTO INE STREET, MONTREAL The Wm. Cauldwell Paper Company, LIMITED 17 and 19 St. Therese St., MONTREAL, Que. NEWS, MILLBOARD, WOODBOARDS AND BAGS NEW BRUNSWICK KRAFT, GLAZED and UNGLAZED C O L OR S A S P E CIA. L T Y ALSO WRITINGS, S.C. and M.F. PRINTINGS and TISSUES * --- *… Aššū 'R's 2-3. - *::, ºr ºišš {{???, SS • * CANA ºA 8 w Mºcs...} & P. ººcy rºtº- tº:*::: :* ... i. 3."< , xxx ** - ºr ºliº.º.º. New Armoury for the 1st Régiment Grenadier Guards of Canada. Esplanade Ave., Montreal. TELEPHONES 4997—4998 Cable Address: “ARCFOST ** Foster, Martin, Mann, Mackinnon & Hackett ADWOCATES, BARRISTERS, S O I, I C I TO R S , E T C . ROYAL INSURANCE B DING, ogº.g. MONTREAL George G. Foster, K.C. J. T. Hackett. J. A. Mann, K.C. J. E. Martin. K.C. H. R. Mulvena. C. G. Mackinnon. S sº º º º: * Ciſ.º. whº º º wººt āşāºrºyº. The Royal Military College of Canada HERE are few national institutions of more value and T interest to the country than the Royal Military College of Canada. Notwithstanding this, its object and the work it is accomplishing are not sufficiently understood by the general public. The College is a Government institution, designed primarily for the purpose of giving instruction in all branches of military science to cadets and officers of the Canadian Militia. In fact it corresponds to Woolwich and Sandhurst. The Commandant and military instructors are all officers on the active list of the Imperial army, lent for the purpose, and there is, in addition, a complete staff of pro- fessors for the civil subjects which form such an important part of the College course. Medical attendance is also provided. - Whilst the College is organized on a strictly military basis the cadets receive a practical and scientific training in subjects essential to a sound modern education. The course includes a thorough grounding in Mathe- matics, Civil Engineering, Surveying, Physics, Chemistry, French and English. The strict discipline maintained at the College is one of the most valuable features of the course, and, in addition, the constant practice of gymnastics, drills and outdoor exercises of all kinds, ensures health and excellent physical condition. Commissions in all branches of the Imperial service and Canadian Permanent Force are offered annually. The diploma of graduation, is considered by the auth- orities conducting the examination for Dominion Land Surveyor to be equivalent to a university degree, and by the Regulations of the Law Society of Ontario, it obtains the same exemptions as a B.A. degree. The length of the course is three years, in three terms of 9% months each. The total cost of the course, including board, uniform, instructional material, and all extras, is about $800. The annual competitive examination for admission to the College takes place in May of each year, at the head- quarters of the several military districts. - For full particulars regarding this examination and for any other information, application should be made to the Secretary of Militia Council, Ottawa, Ont.; or to the Commandant, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ont. - H.Q. 94–5. 9–09. The KENT Company LIMITED MONTREAL, Que. Contractors for Cold Storage insulation NONPAREIL CORKBOARD, NONPAREIL BRINE, COLD WATER AND ICE WATER CORK PIPE COVER IN G, NONPAREIL HIGH PRESSURE STEAM COVERING. - " - - * * * , ºº f • ‘ * : * : - * - * , * = '''. ... • * . . . . l Cork Brick Floors FOR COW STALLS, CALF AND BULL PENS, HORSE STALL S, SHEEP PENS AND PIGGERIES. CATALOGUES AND SAMPLES ON REQUEST | The Dairy Industry ! HE following interesting article on the Dairy Industry of Canada, dealing with some important points, was Sup- plied by Mr. J. A. Ruddick, the Dairy and Cold Storage Com- missioner for the Dominion. The dairy output for the season of 1913 was seriously reduced by the dry weather which prevailed during the early Summer over a greater part of Ontario and some sections in Quebec. Partly for this reason and partly on account of the further demands of the home trade for dairy products, the quantity of cheese manufactured again shows a very marked decline, the actual shortage being probably in the neighbourhood of 200,000 boxes. Large quantities of New Zealand and Australian butter have been imported during the year at Wan- couver. This has affected to some extent the demand in the Western markets for butter from Eastern Canada. The most important development of the year was the reduc- tion of the United States tariff which came into force on October 3rd, in which milk and cream is placed on the free list and the duty on butter is reduced from 6 cents per pound to 24 cents per pound, and the duty on cheese from 6 cents per pound to 20% ad valorem. Large quantities of both milk and cream have been shipped across the line during the months of October and November. Exact figures are not yet available, but the quantities are large enough to have a very important in- fluence on Canadian markets. The removal of the United States duty on cattle has also had the effect of greatly increasing the shipment of beef animals as well as dairy cattle to that country, but the actual number of milch cows which have been sold to United States buyers has not been as large as some reports would indicate. Careful investigation has shown that the majority of animals exported 106 THE DAIRY INDUSTRY were steers, old bulls, and worn-out cows. There has been, however, a considerable number of yearlings of both sexes dis- posed of. Many farmers who are having their herds tested have taken advantage of the unusual demand to get rid of their inferior cows. Possibly the shortage of feed in Eastern Ontario may have influenced some of the farmers in disposing of cattle, and no doubt the high prices offered have been very tempting. . - The indications at present point to a period of high prices for dairy products, and it is evident that winter milk will bring a very much better return in the future than it ever has in the past. Farmers are fully justified in increasing their herds and devoting their energies as far as possible to milk production. Reports of the cargo inspectors do not show much improve- ment in the matter of broken cheese boxes. The dry weather during the early part of the summer was, no doubt, responsible to some extent for very heavy breakage, but there is no getting away from the fact that the present cheese box is of poorer material and more flimsy on the whole than it was in former years. The Scarcity of material and the increasing cost of same is given as one of the reasons for their deterioration. . The suggestion has been made that Canada should adopt the New Zealand cheese crate, which holds two cheese. A description of this crate which appears in the last report of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner is as follows:—“It consists of two twelve-sided ends with a centre piece to match, covered with slats about 3 inches wide to form a crate holding two cheese. The factories procure the material in a knocked down and during spare time the crates are partly put together by nailing on half the slats. When the proper time comes the cheese are dropped into place and the remaining slats are attached.” The New Zealand crate is a very durable package and very few are ever broken in transit. The objection in the Canadian trade would be the awkwardness of handling, as compared with the present boxes, but that matter does not seem to present any great difficulty in the New Zealand trade. THE DAIRY INDUSTRY 107 The Department of Agriculture, through the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch, made the usual arrangements during the season for the iced butter and cheese car services and has con- tinued the system of cargo inspection at Montreal, Quebec and Halifax. A new departure was made last winter by placing a cargo inspector at Portland, Maine, for the winter months. New Vancouver Hotel, now in course of construction, Vancouver, B.C. Canadian Pacific Hotel System. A. A. AYER, President SIZE OF BUILDING 100 x 245 FT. The A. A. Ayer Co., Limited ESTABLISHED 1867 MONTREAL EXPORTERS OF BUTTER AND CHEESE Office: Warehouses: 576 St. Paul St. St. Paul, St. Henry and William Sts. We own by far the most extensive warehouse and cold storage in the trade and have every convenience for the cooling and rapid handling of Cheese and Freezing of Butter. All Cheese are received and handled in cool rooms, thus insuring freedom from the hot and tasty lots which frequently spoil profits and stop free consumption. Correspondence solicited. We give our personal attention to the buying and filling of orders for Export and for Home trade. We are in touch with all the principal markets in Great Britain and our Great West and with nearly every cheese factory and creamery in Canada. Our buyers are always in attendance at the principal markets, viz:-Brockville, Belleville, Peterboro, Napanee, St. Hyacinthe, Cowans- ville London, Ingersoll, as well as all other markets in Ontario and Quebec. We carry a full line of Cheese Factory and Creamery Supplies. The Cheese Trade This has been another sea- son of disappointment in regard to the volume of busi- ness done with the mother country in cheese, and it is with regret that we have to record a much larger decrease in the exports than that of 1912, which to some extent may be attributed to the dry weather which prevailed in the early part of the season over a large portion of Ontario and some sections of Quebec, consequently the production was cur- tailed considerably, the shortage amounting to about 200,000 boxes. Another factor in regard to the above of no small im- portance was the fact that a number of factorymen who have their factories equipped for making both butter and cheese found the former for the most part of the season more profitable than the latter, and this coupled with the large quantities of milk and cream which were shipped to the United States during the months of October and November after the Underwood bill went into effect, which put both milk and cream on the free list, all tended to reduce the make of cheese in Canada. In addition to this the removal of the duty on Canadian cattle going into the United States has also been a factor of some importance as large shipments have been made during the past three months, but the number of milch cows taken by American buyers was not as large as some reports would indicate, but on the other hand a number of carloads were shipped from certain sections in Ontario to the Canadian Northwest, as a great many farmers in that country are steadily going in for mixed farming owing to the steady increase in the population, the larger demand for all lines of farm products and the profitable prices being realized for the same. From an exporter standpoint the Canadian Cheese. 110 THE CHEESE TRADE past season’s business has been far more satisfactory than that of 1912, and especially so during the last two months, as there was a good demand from English importers for all grades of cheese at steady advancing prices, and in consequence the export season from the port of Montreal for 1913 was wound up with probably one of the smallest stocks carried over ever known in the history of the trade. The fluctuations in prices at the differ- ent boards throughout the country during the season were wider than those of last year, the high water mark being 134c and the low 10c, while in 1912 the highest price paid was 14c and the lowest 11}c per lb. - The annual meeting of district No. 3, one of the largest and most important of the many districts com- posing the Eastern Dairymen’s Association, was held at Elgin, Ont., on December 7th, which attracted a large audience of farmers and cheesemakers. Reports of the season’s work were presented by the instructors, and addresses were delivered by Chief Dairy Instructor, Prof. G. G. Publow, Senator Derby- shire and H. Glendenning, ex-presidents of the E. O. D. A., and W. H. Smith. Prof. Publow emphasized the necessity of having only such cows as will produce milk economically. The only way to learn what individual cows were doing was to weigh and test the milk from each. He dwelt at some length on the changes in the methods of disposing of milk due to the rapid growth of the larger cities and consequent increase in demand for the consumption of milk, cream, ice-cream and butter. Notwithstanding the present high prices of dairy pro- ducts they are, he said, considering the nutriment they con- tained, the cheapest foodstuffs that go on the table. The reason that dairymen are not doing better is not because they are ignorant, but because they lack earnestness and are not pro- ducing as well as they know how. He spoke at Some length on the proper care of milk and the great benefits to be derived from careful attention in this particular. Senator Derbyshire, speaking after an experience in the trade for over thirty years, urged no concession in the manufacture of cheese, which had proved in the past, and would continue to be in the future, the great money-maker for the farmer. The position the Cana- THE CHEESE TRADE 111 dian make had attained in the English market, both for quan- tity and quality, should be retained. . The exports of cheese from Montreal for the season 1913 amounted to 1,571,165 boxes, as compared with 1,723,021 boxes for 1912, showing a decrease of 151,856 boxes. Placing the average price at 12}c per pound, and allowing 82 pounds to the box, would give $10.25 per box, or a total value of the season’s exports from Montreal of approximately $16,104,441, as compared with $17,299,130 for the season 1912. The ship- ments from Quebec this season amounted to 9,660 boxes, which, on the same basis, represents a value of $99,015, making the total exports of Canadian cheese up to the close of navigation 1,580,825 boxes, and a net decrease of 143,449 boxes. The principal decreases in the shipments as compared with last year were 75,602 boxes to Bristol, 31,752 boxes to Manchester, and 26,812 to Liverpool, while Hull showed the only important increase of 5,986 boxes. The receipts of cheese in Montreal from May 1st, 1913, to November 30th, 1913, were 1,588,009 boxes, as compared with 1,779,836 boxes for the same period last year, and the estimated stock of cheese in store in Montreal on December 1st, 1913, was 67,747 boxes, as compared with 118,047 boxes for the corresponding date last year. The following table shows the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for a period of years:– Quantity Price per - boxes. bOX. Value. 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,165 $10.25 $16,104,441 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 10.04 17,299,130 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 9.84 17,816,953 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 8.80 16,651,668 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,315 9. 20 17,225,298 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785,696 9. 60 17,142,681 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 9. 50 18,747,461 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,227,838 9.40 20,941,677 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121,101 8. 50 18,029,358 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,639 6.80 14,379,545 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 9. 00 21,563,338 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,171 8. 50 17,927,000 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,613 7.00 12,541,291 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077,000 8.00 16,560,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 7.75 14,698,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900,000 6.35 12,065,000 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,985 6.75 14,195,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,237 6.75 11,605,000 112 THE CHEESE TRADE The figures showing the shipments from Montreal to the various ports in detail for a period of years follows:– 1908. Ports. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. London . . . . . 734,121 735,149 837,256 845,962 786,401 842,416 Liverpool . . . . 336,022 362,834 404,788 432,656 456,767 385,924 Bristol . . . . . . 293,435 369,037 367,147 402,142 385,876 361,694 Manchester . . 63,236 94,988 77,932 76,540 66,590 59,202 Glasgow . . . . . 57,368 72,435 66,112 71,195 98,049 67,149. Leith . . . . . . . . 40,762 46,335 31,198 43,936 46,971 50,497 Newcastle 21,722 24,298 13,527 8,903 14,918 6,848 Hull 18,651 12,665 1,003 4,263 3,545 2,474 Belfast . . . . . . 3,719 1,388 1,650 3,725 6,231 1,575 South Africa. 1,730 1,671 2,224 1,908 1,174 1,051 Aberden 1,939 487 958 1,345 2,181 Dundee . . . . . . 51 1,342 4,428 1,685 Dublin 161 Miscellaneous. 399 70 Total. . . 1,571,165. 1,723,021 1,810,666 1,892,325 1,872,315 1,785,696 - The Chateau Laurier and New Central Station.-Grand Trunk Railway System. #-8 0I #-8 0I 8- I 0I #-8 0I 8- D, OT II 5-8 0I 9I-8 II II 8- I II 9I-III II 9I-III #-III "O "Aor I 2-I II 8-9 II 9I-9 II 3-III #-I II Z-T II 9I-8III 8- I ZI 9I-II II 9I-II II 3I #-I ZI ZI 9T-6 &I *O “UI:3|H —606T- 8-8 0I 9 I-1, 0T 8-8 0I Z-I 0T #-I OI 8- T OT *O ‘AOr I #-8 0I 8-8 II II Z-T II 8- ), 0 I # - L II 8-9 0I 9I-III 8-1, 0I II 9I-9T OT Z-T II II #-I II *O “U.SIH —0I6I— 3-I 3L #-8 £I Z-I & I 8-9 8 I 8- I 8 I Z - I 3 I 8-9 ZI 3-I ZI # -I II #-3 II 9T-I OT #-T II #-3 OT II *O ‘AOT #-I # I Z-I # I Z-I # I 8-9 # I GI # - I GI 8-9 3I 8-9 8 I 8- I ZI #-I & I #-I II 3-III Z-I II #-9 II *O ‘UI3IH —II6T- # - I II 8-9 II # - 3 II # - I & I 9 I-6 &I Z - I & I Z-I & I Z-I & I ZI 9 I- 1, 3 I ZI 8-I & I 8-9 3T #-I ZI *O ‘AA or I #-8 g I 9I-8I 8 I 3 I 8-I & I #-9 3T 9 I-GI 81 8- ), 8T #I "O “U8TH —ZI6T- # - 8 OI 8- I & I ZI 3- I ZI Z-I & I 8-9 ZI 8-9 ZI 8-9 ZI # - I ZI 3-I & I #-III #-T II 8-1, 0T 0T *O ‘AOrT Z-I & I 9I-8 8 I 8 I # - I g|I Z-I & I Z-I & I 8T # - I 3 I 9I-G 3 I 3- I & I 9I-8I ZI 8T ZI 8-9 ZT *O *UI3IH —g|I6T- * @ & e º 'º e º e º 'º tº e º º e º º & © tº & e º 'º e º 'º gº tº º º tº e º 'º e º te & © º & —: SIge & Jo poſſed e Ioy pub UOseos aq'ſ 3UTInp soojid UI Suomenonp out AOUS Seinäg 3UIAOIIoy aqJ. 114 THE CHEESE TRADE ! - | The monthly fluctuations in the Liverpool market during the seven months of the season for a period of years follow:— —1913— —1912— —1911— —1910— IHigh. Low. High. Low. High. IOW. High. Low. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . . . . 616 57 0 74 0 68 0 56 6 55 0 62 6 57 0 June . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 576 70 6 636 56.6 540 600 53 6 July . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 6 62 0 65 0 62 6 59 0 56 0 60 0 53 6 August . . . . . . ... 656 640 676 (646 66 0 59 0 600 53 6 September . . . . . 66 6 65 6 66 6 65 6 70 6 65 0 54 6 53 6 October . . . . . . . . 66 0 62 6 66 6 64 6 70 6 68 6 56 0 54 0 November . . . . . . 66 0 64 0 65 0 62 () "70 6 69 6 58 0 55 0 The following shows the average price per cwt. of Cana- dian cheddar cheese in London for a period of years:– Year Average ended for year June 30. . • per cwt. 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64s 8d 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71S 5Cl 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59S 8d 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60S 6d 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63S 0d. 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62S 10d. 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64s 1d 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61s 0d We are indebted to W. Weddell & Co., of London, Eng., for the following valuable information which appeared in their annual review for the year ending June 30th, 1913: The year closed has been unsatisfactory to both oversea producers and to British retailers. The great drought in the summer of 1911, by which supplies were reduced to an unpre- cedentedly low level, and prices raised to the highest known to the present generation, left its trail of ill effects behind, one of the greatest of which was the disturbing effect it had on men’s minds concerning the laws of supply and demand. The old land-marks were obliterated, and the teachings of former ex- periences almost forgotten. When the past year began, supplies and prices had not resumed normal conditions, and the views of a great proportion of those engaged in the Dairy Produce trade in this country as to the future were in an inchoate state. They became an easy prey to the temptations of “short sellers” THE CHEESE TRADE 115 who by playing upon the losses suffered in the previous year through not buying ahead, induced traders to “protect’ them- selves by entering into forward contracts at prices which were low compared with the previous year. The result was that probably never before in the history of the trade was so much butter and cheese “sold short ’’ as in the year recently ended. These contracts were made mostly by speculators, so that while both the oversea producers and the retail traders in this country lost, the gains were mostly gathered by “short sellers.” The reports which came from New Zealand last Autumn as to butter and cheese being sold out-and-out or consigned on “guarantee without recourse ’’ at abnormally high prices were a subject of wonder among importers in this country, but when the “short selling ” leaked out the mystery disappeared. Directors of factories, finding that buyers were offering higher prices than ever were made before, and being also offered record “guarantees without recourse,” naturally asked in- creasingly high terms, and something in the shape of a boom resulted, which, however, was only short-lived. Presently the factories found out they had been misled by these artificial market movements and were unable to make genuine sales. All the disappointments that have since been experienced by the factories in New Zealand, because they did not sell outright when reasonable prices were offered, and by the wholesale im- porters as well as the retailers in this country, who made for- ward contracts at high prices, were largely due to the high ideas of values fostered by these artificial dealings at the open- ing of the season. CANADA’s CHEESE SUPPLIES. Canada, by reason of her proximity to Europe, and her generous policy towards settlers, succeeds in drawing an immense number of immigrants to her shores, and instead of sending her farm products to markets across the Atlantic is rapidly establishing her markets at home. Already the demand for her butter exceeds the supply, and every year she is finding it more difficult to maintain her exports of cheese to the United Ringdom. The United States has had and is having similar 116 THE CHEESE TRADE experiences in food stuffs, or perhaps it would be more correct to say that the experience of the United States in the export of food stuffs is being repeated in Canada. Canada in 1904 exported to the United Kingdom 98,306 tons of cheese, but in 1913 the export had fallen to 66,424 tons, a fall of 31,882 tons in ten years, or 32.4 per cent. During this period the decline has been steady with only two slight checks. In 1904 Canadian cheese formed 72.4 per cent. of our imports, in 1913 it was down to 56.5 per cent. The rate of shrinkage apparently tends to increase, because the shipments from Montreal this year from the opening of the new season on 1st May to 18th July, have been only 456,761 boxes, while for the same period in 1912 they were 622,798 boxes, and in 1911 693,955 boxes, thus shewing a shortage of 5,930 tons or 26.6 per cent. on 1912, and 8,471 tons or 34.1 per cent. on 1911. The drought prevailing in the cheese districts of Canada is largely responsible for this serious reduction. New Zealand appears to be settling down to the production and export of cheese in preference to that of butter. Ten years ago (1904) the export of butter was almost four times that of cheese, being 15,836 tons of butter, against 4,111 tons of cheese. In 1913 the export of cheese was considerably more than twice that of butter. During the intervening years the export of butter has remained almost stationary. In 1913 the export of cheese was 29,489 tons, being over seven times as much as in 1904. In 1904 New Zealand cheese formed 3 per cent. of our total import. In 1913 this had risen to 25 per cent. There are no indications of any check to the continued increase of the export of New Zealand cheese, but many cir- cumstances that point to a possibly more rapid advance. * THE QUALITY OF CHEESE. The general excellence in the quality of Canadian cheese and its freedom from any serious defect in manufacture, due to climatic influences, is now so well established that every year it becomes more difficult to suggest any improvement. During the year under review, however, owing to the extraordinarily THE CHEESE TRADE 117 wet weather, August, September and October cheese did not possess the usual good keeping qualities of previous years. The quality of the new season’s make so far is excellent. The risk which at one time existed of damage in transit on the railways or in Ocean steamers has been practically overcome, and only under most exceptional conditions does this now happen. During the past Season no such occurrences were recorded. In the case of New Zealand cheese the damage caused during transit from the factory to the ocean steamer is un- doubtedly increasing. Cheese injured by exposure to high temperature after it is made has arrived during the past season in greater proportion than ever before. The absence of proper refrigerating arrangements on the coastal steamers and at some of the ports whilst the cheese is awaiting shipment should be remedied immediately. Among other defects which became conspicuous this year was the greater loss in weight, giving rise to many complaints. Another feature detrimental to value was the almost honeycomb texture which much of the cheese dis- played. The serious increase in poor, bad and “off” flavours in cheese this year has been attributed by Some to the excessive moisture left in the cheese. It must, however, be recorded that analyses taken here did not support this view. It is possible that the cheese when made contained more moisture than usual, but if so this excess must have been lost in transit. Cer- tainly the differences between the marked weights and the actual Weights on arrival of some of the cheese were greater than usual, and this to a certain extent tends to confirm the opinion held in some quarters as to the existence of excessive moisture. More damage than usual was done this year by the cheese stick- ing to the centre board of the crates, which might well arise from its being crated when too new and therefore very moist. A more probable cause of the deterioration in quality was the milk having suffered from high temperatures, or from the greater extension of the use of milking machines, which, unless they are kept scrupulously clean, are even more liable to produce bad flavors in cheese than they are in butter. It is to be regretted that the foregoing criticisms have to be made, but in 118 THE CHEESE TRADE the best interests of the cheese industry it is absolutely neces- sary they should be made public in order that the defects may be speedily remedied. FLUCTUATIONS IN PRICES. One feature that characterized the markets this year in Canadian cheese was the unusually narrow range of prices. In previous years prices have generally risen steadily from November to April or May, while the extreme range for this year was only 4s per cwt, an unprecedented experience. Be- tween July and the second week in November the 4s range occurred. From that time to the end of June, 1913, nearly eight months, prices were confined within a range of only 1s per cwt., 64s to 65s per cwt being the extreme limits of top prices. In these eight months the price of Canadian changed seven times from 64s to 65s and back again. New Zealand prices, however, changed eighteen times during the same eight months, although the fluctuations were within the unusually narrow limit of 5s per cwt. - When the season for new Canadian cheese opened in April and May, 1913, values were at the bottom. June cheese were selling forward at as low as 56s to 59s per cwt. The large make of home-made cheese in May misled the trade generally, both here and indirectly in Canada. These low prices induced the “bear’ selling of a large quantity, estimated at about 50,000 cheese, by large importers who have since had to buy at 65s to 66s 6d per cwt. in order to fill sales made at 7s 6d to 9s less money. The rise was caused by the short make in Canada, combined with a certain amount of speculation in Montreal, owing to the expected reduction of three cents per lb. (about 14s per cwt.) in the United States import duty. The above unexpected rise in new season's Canadian caused a great IJmprovement in prices for New Zealand. In May, New Zealand white was selling as low as 58s to 60s per cwt., and colored 56s to 57s. Prices advanced to 62s per cwt. by the end of June, and since that date have further risen to 67s for white and 66s for colored. THE CHEESE TRADE 119 Prices for New Zealand cheese suffered during the season owing to the proportion of colored cheese shipped being more than the British markets could absorb. No doubt this was brought about partly through the premium of 1s per cwt. ob- tainable for colored cheese at the opening of the season while supplies were still short, and factories expected to be able to maintain that premium, with the result that a large arrival of colored had to be dealt with in March. Much of this accumula- tion, which would not keep, became defective in flavour, and could not be sold except at values from 2s to 4s per cwt. below white. In the middle of May it became imperative to clear the accumulation out of the way so as to prevent further deprecia- tion in quality, and colored cheese was reduced to 56s per cwt. while, at the same time, white was making 59s to 60s. Some of the factories shipping over 50 and 60 per cent. Ex- perience has proved that the proportion of the public in the United Kingdom who prefer colored cheese to white is about 30 per cent. - IMPORTS OF CHIEESE. The total imports of cheese into this country for the past twelve months amounted to 117,396 tons, which is an increase of only 558 tons from the previous year, and is 6,567 tons below the average import of the previous ten years. While ten years ago the importation of cheese from all foreign sources amounted to 33,342 tons, in 1913 it was only 21,245 tons. Cheese im- ported from the British Dominions was 102,435 tons in 1904, and 96,151 tons in 1913. Year after year the shortage from one country seems nearly to be made up by increases from others, but the average for the past five years shews a deficit of 7,348 tons, in comparison with the average of the previous five. Prices, however, have fluctuated considerably, partly as the outcome of speculative dealing, and partly as the result presumably of variations in the home supply. The annual import of special classes of cheese from Holland, Italy and Switzerland remains comparatively con- stant, but that from the United States is steadily diminishing, and alone explains the total decline in Foreign since 1904. The 120 THE CHEESE TRADE two countries which supply three-fourths of our imported Ched- dar cheese, viz.: Canada and New Zealand, in aggregate shew during recent years little fluctuation in quantity, but while Canada is steadily reducing her export to the United King- dom at an average of over 3,000 tons a year, New Zealand is regularly increasing at nearly the same rate. Australia, which has from time to time shipped Small quantities, may, in the future, be tempted to increase her export, but this is somewhat doubtful, as her limited output of cheese generally yields better returns on the Australian market than in the markets of the United Kingdom. The following shows the imports of Canadian and other cheese into the United Kingdom for a period of years:– Year. New Total United Grand ended Canada. Zealand. Australia. Colonial. States. Foreign. Total. June 30, TOnS. TOnS. TOn S. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. 1913. . . . . . 66,424 29,489 238 96,151 842 21,245 117,396 1912. . . . . . 72,690 24,993 9.3 97,775 2,470 19,063 116,838 1911. . . . . . 76,457 20,256 617 97,330 7,045 24,134 121,464 1910. . . . . . 79,661 22,651 207 102,519 1,700 20,305 122,824 1909. . . . . . 76,402 16,572 tº £ tº 92,974 3,765 23,850 116,824 1908. . . . . . 81,428 13,152 53 94,663 4,712 23,962 118,595 1907. . . . . . 90,679 8,597 160 99,436 8,638 26,154 125,590 1906. . . . . . 95,884 5,870 ... 101,754 10,676 28,308 130,062 1905. . . . . . 92,308 4,072 tº gº à 96,280 9,387 25,682 122,062 1904. . . . . . 98,306 4,111 18 102,435 14,334 33,342 135,777 1903. . . . . . 87,883 2,617 tº º is 90,500 17,785 39,099 129,599 1902. . . . . . 76,297 2,710 * * * 79,007 26,154 20,091 125,252 1901. . . . . . 77,267 4,186 7 81,460 28,034 21,544 131,028 1900. . . . . . 70,549 3,973 180 74,702 32,183 21,720 128,605 THE MARKET REPORTS PRINTED DAILY IN T H E G A Z E TT E Are admitted to be the best published in Canada SUBSCRIPTION, $6.OO FER YEAR ADDRESS, SMEATON WHITE, "President, Gazette Printing Co., Limited, Montreal. Canadian Branches: NAPANEE BELLEVILLE BROCKVILLE CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E. I. Hodgson Brothers & Rowson Exporters and Commission Merchants 65, 67, 69 WILLIAM ST., MONTREAL also Rowson, Hodgson and Co., Ltd., 35 Tooley St., LONDON, S.E., ENGLAND OUR extensive Refrigerators are the Most Improved and of the best modern plans for the cooling and storing of CHEESE AND BUTTER We are in direct communication with all the best Manufacturers of both Butter and Cheese THROUGHOUT CANADA Orders receive our personal supervision and attention “Your Price is too High!" THE salesmen of the Gazette's Job Printing Department sometimes run across this explanation for work being placed elsewhere. Ninety-nine times out of a hundred the man who offers it is a far better judge of a beefsteak than he is of printing. Because he knows something about beefsteaks he would not walk into a fifteen cent restaurant and expect to get the same beefsteak that would be served to him for a dollar in a first class place. Yet all printing is no more alike than are all beefsteaks. The quotation with which the Gazette supplies you is based on a cost-finding system worked out from thousands of jobs done in an efficient plant by picked workmen, with stock purchased at rock-bottom prices by the largest purchaser of printing material in Canada, plus a reasonable amount of profit; the element of “guess” is as negligible as a printer can make it. - In other words, a dollar's worth of Gazette printing represents a dollar's worth of good value. - The printer who promises you more is either opening the door for the bailiff or skin- ning both you and the job. The Gazette Printing Co., Limited 38 ST. ANTOINE STREET, - - MONTREAL George Hodge & Son . LIMITED (Affiliated with Gunn, Langlois & Co., Limited EXPORTERS OF B UT T E R A N D C H E E S E AND - Produce Commission Merchants 11s RING sºr. NIONTREAL. Cable Address: “HODGECO" Montreal. Codes furnished on application and Registered Cable Addresses arranged. All orders, whether for prompt or future shipment, receive our personal supervision, and special attention given to selection of goods for storing in Fl RST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE, CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. We BUY DIRECT FROM MANUFACTURERs in THE country, and are in close touch with operations on all markets during season of produc- tion. All enquiries by wire or mail will meet with prompt attention. WE STREVE TO PLEASE O UR PATRGRS. ESTA E LISHED 1864. Robert Hampsom & Som -- LIM ITED Marine, Fire, *Al P Autom0bile, I W SUR ANCE Motor B02t, SºftSº Yacht, Baggage, Registered Mail, 1.5 st. John STREET Parcel POSt CABLE ADDRESS BROONMFIELD MONTREAL | Co-Operative Wholesale Society L E M C T E D Central Offices, - Manchester Montreal Office, 36 St. Peter St., A. C. Wieland, Representative Produce, Provision, Wheat and Leather Exporters BRANCHES AND BUYING DEPOTS Newcastle-on-Tyne Cardiff Copenhagen, Denmark Gothenberg,Sweden London. Liverpool Aarhus, Denmark Armagh, Ireland Bristol New York, U.S.A. Esbjerg, Denmark Cork, Ireland Northampton Winnipeg, Man. Odense, Denmark Limerick, Ireland PRODUCTIVE WORKS Leeds Clothing Factory Leeds Brush and Mat Works Dunston-on-Tyne Flour Mill Silvertown Flour Mill Star Flour Mill, Oldham Avonmouth Flour Mill Desborough Corset Works JLongsight Printing Works Hartlepool Lard Refinery Littleborough Flannel Mill Hucknall Huthwaite Hosiery Factory Bury Weaving Shed Longton Crockery Depot Herning Bacon Factory Tralee Bacon Factory Also Agents for Scottish Co-Operative Wholesale Society, Limited, Central offices, Glasgow. Leicester, Boots and Shoes Heckmondwike, Boots and Shoes Rushden, Boots and Shoes Crumpsall Biscuit Works Manchester Tobacco Works Manchester Bacon Factory Manchester Sun Flour Mills Middleton, Jam, Preserves and Pickles Broughton, Furniture, Mantles, Shirts Pelaw Works Brislington Butter Factory Irlam, Soap, Candles, Lard, Starch Batley Woolen Cloth Factory Luton, Cocoa and Chocolate Sydney Oil and Tallow Factory Butter C ld S Poultry Cheese O torage Lamb Eggs C O S T S L ITT LE SAVES MUCH | Beef THE CANADA COLD STORAGE CO. LIMITED OFFICEN-O 51 - 53 WILL I A M S T R E E T, M O N T R E A L e-mass : : es. Apples LARGEST and BEST STORES in CANADA Oysters Nuts Location the Most Desirable, being the Centre º Cran- of the Produce Trade, Fish berries I BRINE systEM THROUGHouT Pork Cable “ MAPLELEAF'' Montreal Code used “THE ALEXANDER '' JAMES ALEXANDER, Limited E x P o R T E R S O F IB U T T E IR and CHIEESE BRANCHES : - Belleville, Kingston, Brockville, Quebec, Ingersoll FIRST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE . 600, 602 and 604 St. Paul St., Montreal Established in Canada 1874 Cable Address: “HELMSVILLE” Telephones: OFFICE MAIN 8422 P. O. Box 1162 HOUSE, WESTMOUNT 327 HARRY A. HODGSON Produce Commission Agent * SS- º Best of Cold Storage Facilities For Butter & Cheese Special attention given to consignment of Butter and Cheese for sale in Canada or Great Britain 45 William Street. MONTREAL, Que. DALE & CO., Limited- MONTREAL TORONTO HALIFAX M A R IN E A G E N T S IN CANADA FOR Alliance Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. British and Foreign Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. British Dominions General Insurance Co., Ltd., of London, Eng. Commercial Union Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation, of London, England. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Standard Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. Thames and Mersey Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. FIRE British Dominions General Ins. Co., Ltd., of London, England. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. of St. Paul, Minn. J. B. CLEARIHUE, President Cold Air Circulation Perfect Ventilation. [...] [T] Cold Storage for BUTTER, CHEESE, E G G S, FR U IT, POULTRY, MEAT, etc. offices AND STORES Corner of Grey Nun and William Streets Centre of Provision and Fruit Trade Telephone Main 4808 J. R. CARMEL, Secy.-Treas. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC Department of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries The chief minerals of the Province of Quebec are Asbestos, Chromite, Copper, Iron, Gold, Molybdenite, Phosphate, Mica, Graphite, Ornamental and Building Stone, Clays, Etc. The Mining Law gives absolute security of Title and is very favourable to the Prospector. MINERS’ CERTIFICATES. First of all, obtain a miner's certifi- cate from the Department in Quebec or from the nearest agent. The price of this certificate is $10.00, and it is valid until the first of January following. This certificate gives the right to prospect on public lands and on private lands on which the mineral rights belong to the Crown. The holder of the certificate may stake mining claims to the extent of 200 acres. - WORKING CONDITIONS. During the first six months following the staking of the claim, work on it must be performed to the extent of at least twenty-five days of eight hours. * SIX MONTHS AFTER STAKING. At the expiration of six months from the date of the staking, the prospector, to retains his rights, must take out a mining license. MINING LICENSE. The mining license may cover 40 to 200 acres in unsurveyed territory. The price of this license is Fifty Cents an acre per year, and a fee of $10.00 on issue. It is valid for one year and is renewable on the same terms, on producing an affidavit that during the year work has been performed to the extent of at least twenty-five days' labour on each forty acres. MINING CONCESSION. Notwithstanding the above, a mining concession may be acquired at any time at reasonable rates for both SUPERIOR and IN FER I O R minerals. The attention of prospectors is specially called to the territory in the North Western part of the Province of Quebec, north of the height of land where important mineralized belts are known to exist. PROVINCIAL LABORATORY. Special arrangements have been made with POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL of LAVAL UNIVERSITY, 228 ST. DENIS STREET, MONTREAL, for the determination, assays and analysis of minerals at very reduced rates for the benefit of miners and prospectors in the Province of Quebec. The well equipped laboratories of this institution and its trained chemists ensure results of undoubted integrity and reliability. - The Bureau of Mines at Quebec will give all the information desired in connection with the mines and mineral resources of the Province, on application addressed to THE HONORABLE THE MINISTER OF COLONIZATION, MINES AND FISHERIES, QUEBEC. T H E Linde Canadian Refrigeration C O., LIMITED, 37 ST. PETER ST., MONTREAL. Manufacturers of THE LINIDE Ice and Refrigerating Machinery A LSO CORK INSULATION Established and Manufacturing in Canada for 18 years. Also Canadian Agents for Messrs. J. & E. Hall, Limited (COze MACHINES) Wittemann Bros., New York (BREWERY APPARATUS) The Linde Canadian Refrigeration Co., Ltd. 37 St. Peter Street, Montreal. The Butter Business REFERRING to our annual review of the export butter trade a year ago, we pointed out then why Canada had practically dropped out of the export business because her production of butter was not suffi- cient to satisfy the home requirements owing to the steady increase in the population and the larger consumption, while on Dairy Butter. the other hand there has been no marked increase in the production, but notwithstanding these facts there was some little improvement in the export trade this season, which was brought about by a few special orders being received from Bristol buyers for unsalted creamery butter and shipments to the extent of 1,728 packages were made to that market. There were enquiries in the market from several other European sources at one period of the season, but as the prices bid did not compare favorably with spot values no business resulted. One of the greatest disappointments to the trade this season was the falling off in the demand from British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest for supplies, and especially so from the former, which is attributed to the fact that large quantities of butter were imported from New Zealand and Australia through- out the season, and this coupled with the tight money situation in Canada also tended to curtail the demand from the Northwest to some extent, consequently, the shipments to these points dur- ing the past season were smaller, which resulted in larger stocks -- - - - - - - - - - - - 130 - THE BUTTER BUSINESS being carried over than a year ago. An important factor in the situation this year was the reduction in the United States tariff which came into force on October 3rd, which reduced the duty on butter from 6c per pound to 24c per pound. This created quite a lot of comment at the time, but the fact of the duty being 34c per pound less did not tend to improve the volume of business in that direction to any extent. With reference to prices paid in the country during the past season, and taking Cowansville as the leading board, they were much lower than last year, the high point being 31}c and the low point 23c per pound, while the range for the season 1912 was from 24;c to 35}c per pound, the top figures being paid in both instances at the opening meeting of the board. The Minister of Agriculture has approved of a plan for the more effective enforcement of the Federal laws relating to the sale of dairy products. Officers connected with the dairy branch have observed a growing tendency on the part of some creamery men and dealers to exceed the legal limit of water in butter. The first step in this direction has been made by the appoint- ment of J. F. Singleton, of the Kingston Dairy School and Assistant Chief Dairy Instructor for Eastern Ontario, to a position on the Dairy Commissioners staff, to take charge of the enforcement of these laws. The shipments of butter from the port of Montreal for the season 1913 amounted to 1,728 packages, as compared with 70 packages last year, showing an increase of 1,658 packages, and a decrease of 132,775 packages compared with 1911. Placing the average price paid at 26}c per pound or $15.90 per package of 60 pounds, the total value of the Season’s exports amounted to $27,475, as compared with $1,134 last season. The ship- lments to British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest were 115,500 packages, as compared with 166,250 packages for 1912, showing a decrease of 50,750 packages. Placing these ship- ments on the same basis as the above the total value amounted to $1,836,450, as compared with $2,693,250 for 1912. The receipts of butter in Montreal from May 1st, 1913, to November 30th, 1913, were 437,195 packages, as compared with 437,427 THE BUTTER BUSINESS 131 packages for the same period in 1912. The stock of creamery butter in store in Montreal on November 30th, 1913, was estimated at 116,645 packages, as compared with 85,909 packages for the same date a year ago. - The following shows the exports of butter from Montreal, with the estimated value for a period of years:— Quantity Price - pkgs. per plag. Value. 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728 $15.90 $ 27,475 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 16. 20 1,134 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,503 12.88 1,732,398 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,884 13. 16 366,753 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,443 12.88 508,025 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,416 13.56 1,266,720 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,773 13. 30 888,080 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,400 13. 20 4,770,480 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573,449 12.90 7,397,492 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,300 10.80 5,295,240 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,277 12.00 4,059,324 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539,845 12.50 6,748,262 1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,000 14. 70 6,027,000 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 14.00 3,640,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451,050 13.30 5,998,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,000 13.25 3,307,500 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,000 12.50 2,697,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,221 12. 25 1,800,000 The following shows the shipments of butter in detail for a period of years:– º POrtS. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. 1908. Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728 e - e. g. 59,579 17,009 25,160 53,476 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . © e º º . . . . 21,133 4,466 2,347 6,677 London . . . . . . . . . . . tº º e e tº e º e 48,925 3,937 7,572 26,371 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . - e g e e - © e 4,066 1,197 3,474 5,294 South Africa. . . . . . . tº º s º 70 400 1,025 tº º a º 1,598 Manchester . . . . . . . . tº tº gº e e e o e & © tº º 250 700 Total . . . . . . . . . . 1,728 70 134,503 27,884 39,253 93,416 132 THE BUTTER BUSINESS The fluctuations in prices during the seven months of the season, with a comparison with previous seasons, follow — —1913– —1912— —1911— —1910— High. Low. High. Low. High. LOW. High. LOW. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. May . . . . . . . . 26%. 25%. 27 25 23 21%. 25 22% June . . . . . . . 26%. 25 25% 24% 22% 22 22% 22 July . . . . . ... 26 23 26% 25%. 23 2234 22%. 21% August . . . . . 24% 23 26%. 26 23%. 22%. 23% 21% September . . 27%. 24% 2814, 26%. 26 24%. 24%. 23% October . . . . . 28% 26% 30 28%. 27 26%. 24%. 22% November . . . 28%. 27 30% 28%. 29 28% 24%. 23% With reference to butter W. Wedde) & Co., of London, Eng., says:— SUPPLIES FROM BIRITISH DOMINIONS. It is somewhat discouraging for the second year in succes- sion to have to record a serious reduction in the imports of butter into the mother country from the British Dominions. The great increases made in the years ending June 30th, 1910, and more notably 1911, when the highest export ever known was recorded, raised the expectation that the United Kingdom could rely upon a growing supply of butter from the outlying parts of the Empire. The encouraging prospect then opened up has disappeared, and uncertainty as to these supplies being maintained in the future again prevails, notwithstanding the more favourable prospects for the coming year. A reduction of 13,027 tons, or 24.6 per cent, from the previous season is a sad record to have to write over the past year, but it is unhappily true, the total imports from the Oversea Dominions into the United Kingdom for 1913 being only 39,830 tons. That was 21,193 tons below the record year of 1911, when 61,023 tons arrived. The Dominions of New Zealand and Canada shew serious deficiencies for the past year, as also do the various Australian States with the sole exception of Queensland, which increased her shipments by 2,307 tons. The past year bears witness to the fact that Canadian supplies of butter to the Mother Country, which began to reach England about the middle of the 19th century, have come to an THE BUTTER BUSINESS 133 end, and the only consoling circumstance in connection with this fact is that it is due to the prosperity of Canada and her increased consumption arising from the rapid growth of popula- tion. So recently as in the year ended June, 1906, Canada sent no less than 15,145 tons to this country. In 1911-12 she sent 2,997, but this was an unjustifiably large export brought about by the extraordinarily high prices prevailing here in the Autumn of 1911, and before the year closed Canada was com- pelled to import butter from Great Britain and from New Zealand, having over-exported her stocks, and not having enough to feed her own population. The Commonwealth of Australia and the Dominion of New Zealand are now the only two sources of supply of British oversea butter. Both sent reduced quantities in the past year, Australia by 7,263 tons, and New Zealand by 2,767 tons. This, however, does not predicate a permanent reduction, but is probably only a temporary shortage, due to climatic conditions. The uncertainty of the Australian climate for butter production is now well known, and supplies from that source will probably continue to fluctuate more than those from other countries. New Zealand for the past ten years has sent a comparatively steady supply to the Mother Country, though the past year exhibits a deficit of 2,767 tons from 1912. This shortage, how- ever, is due to two very different causes: one is the growing tendency amongst factories to substitute cheese for butter making, for while arrivals of butter have fallen off those of cheese have increased by 4,496 tons; the other factor is the prosperity of Canada, which during the past year imported from New Zealand about 3,000 tons via Vancouver. Although New Zealand has sent much less butter to the United Kingdom her actual output was probably as great as in any previous year. THE QUALITY OF BUTTER. Whatever may be the cause, there is no denying the fact that the quality of Australasian butter this year was not so good as in the previous season. A distinct improvement in New Zealand was then recorded, though there was at the same time a falling off in quality of Australian, attributable to the 1911- 134 THE BUTTER BUSINESS 1912 drought in New South Wales and Queensland. Last year the drought passed away from Queensland, but unfortunately appeared in Victoria, the premier State in Australia for quantity and quality. Consequently, the proportionate shortage of “Choicest” butter on British Markets has been accentuated, and this has had the effect of lowering the average of Australian quality. After allowing full consideration for the serious diffi- culty which there is in producing “Choicest” butter under droughty conditions, there seems to have been a steady decline in the quality of the bulk of Australian butter. Some factories keep up their high reputations, but all well-wishers of Australia regret the absence of the general high standard of quality and the bright promise of increasing excellence that characterized imports a few years ago. New Zealand butter during the past season, while still maintaining its superiority over Australian, has shewn in a few cases a falling away from the standard of previous years, and has not fully maintained the progress recorded a year ago. The increasing use of private separators and of milking machines is suspected as a probable cause of this decline. It may be that climatic conditions during the past season were not so favourable for butter making as formerly, or it may be that some of the factories which were specially recognised for the superior quality of their output have been converted into cheese factories, but in any case there was not the same proportion of choicest butter exported to the United Kingdom as in the preceding year. THE AWERAGE PRICES. With the exception of the European drought period in 1911-12 the average yearly prices of Australian and New Zealand butter were, for the year just ended, higher than ever before. Australian average monthly prices in the past season ranged from 108/6 per cwt. in July last up to 117/- in Decem- ber, from which level they dropped to 107/6 in June, 1913, the average for the twelve months being 112/1 against 121/9 for the previous year. New Zealand average last July was 114/8 and reached its highest point in December when it averaged 123/6, thereafter declining irregularly and finishing in June at THE BUTTER BUSINESS 135 115/. The average for the year was 117/4 against 125/8 for the previous year. The extreme range in (top) prices for 1912- 13 was for Australian 9/6 per cwt., and for New Zealand 9/1. Australian averaged 15/2 per cwt. below Danish, while New Zealand was only 9/11 below. - The following shows the importations of Canadian and other butter into the United Kingdom for the past decade:– Year ended June 30. 1913. . 1912. . . . 1911 . . . . 1910. . . . 1909. . . . 1908. . 1907. . . 1906. . . 1905. . . . 1904. . . 1903. . . . 1902. . . . 1901. . . 1500. 1899. . . . 1898. . . . Can- ada. 2,997 776 1,162 2,386 1,862 8,220 15,145 12,847 9,879 13.238 11,491 7,532 11,932 3,151 5,962 Aus- tralia. 26,414 33,677 44,395 28,770 16,180 22.3.96 34,023 26,950 23,368 19,655 1,053 7,449 15,556 New Zea- land 13,416 16, 183 15,852 16,705 13,631 11,492 14,852 15,177 15,667 15,836 9,575 8,295 8,912 7,949 4,528 3,933 Total Colo- nial 39,830 52,857 61,023 46,637 32,197. 35,750 57,095 57,275 51,882 45,370 23,866 27,235 32,000 37,534 22,443 17,732 United Den- States, mark. 795 538 4 1,201 884 3,367 8,445 2,367 2,190 2,490 4,894 6,600 4,379 5,783 5,772 82,546 80,398 88,379 84,632 93,050 91,248 87,273 81,261 83,520 88,150 88,903 82,757 75,664 71,708 74,977 69,051 Total Foreign. 159,840 147,338 161,767 164,327 178,378 165,384 162,182 158,221 152,015 173,573 176,320 160,672 143,459 133,957 142,193 141,426 Grand Total. 199,310 200,195 222,790 210,964 210,575 201,134 219,277 215,493 203,897 218,343 200,136 187,907 175,459 171,491 164,630 159,158 Rock Crusher and Distributing System. West Portal Mount Royal Tunnel. Canadian Northern Railway. } e ſº } For Reliable News READ | THE GAZETTE MONTREAL | | AM | M. ſº SUBSCRIPTION $6.00 A YEAR • * * = *grºs" ºf Montreal The Leader | f The exports of butter and cheese from the port of New York for the eleven months ending November 30th, 1913, were the smallest of any previous year since 1878, as they only amounted to 1,459,000 pounds of butter and 1,232,000 pounds of cheese, as compared with 2,232,100 pounds of butter and 2,331,060 pounds of cheese for the corresponding p riod in 1913, which show a decrease of 773,100 pounds of butter and 1,099,060 pounds of C.P.R. Imperial Limited at Glacier, B.C. cheese compared with last year, while the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal from May 1st, 1913, to November 30th, 1913, amounted to 128,835,530 pounds, which show a large in- crease over the New York figures, but the exports of butter from Montreal for the same period were only 103,680 pounds, which show a large decrease as compared with New York. 138 MONTREAL THE LEADER From New York the exports for a period of years during an eleven months’ period ending November 30, are as follows:– Butter lbs. Cheese lbs. 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459,000 1,232,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,232,100 2,331,060 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,638,400 9,424,581 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958,550 2,276,343 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528,750 4,353,000 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.576,250 11,892,060 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617,410 11,541,140 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,355,900 23,474,040 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,296,500 12,889,860 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,295,500 22,170,060 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,526,750 25,991,680 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,332,305 21,467,440 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,990,290 30,542,560 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,431,950 45,192,300 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,410,250 30,423,320 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.114,450 30,262,550 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,817,500 48,742,890 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,113,155 39,011,314 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,464,752 38,212.327 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,608,214 62,956,637 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331,611 59,275,787 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,970,420 80.536,340 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,468,545 70,849,871 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,042,823 79,735,544 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13981,917 77,643,238 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,264,822 82.677,061 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,245,545 80,176,258 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,057,187 85,959,622 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,306,985 91,771,106 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 883,540 103,958,569 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,612,679 109,485,199 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,212,934 105,946,726 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,859,485 140,856,149 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,030,908 129,524,180 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,464,753 136,665,047 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,394,717 145,486,910 THE WHYTE PACKING CO., Limited ; HEAD OFFICE, - STRATFORD, ONT. i MONTREAL OFFICE, : ExPORTERS OF Hams, Bacon, Butter, 37 William Street, Montreal, Canada. | Cheese and Eggs •.. •,• CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED MONTREAL THE LEADER 139 The following show the exports of cheese and butter from Montreal for a period of years:– Cheese Butter BOXeS Pkgs. 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,165 1,728 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 70 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 134,503 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 27,884 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,215 39,443 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785,696 93,416 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 66,773 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,227,838 361,400 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121,101 573,449 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,639 490,300 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 338,277 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,171 539,845 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,613 410,893 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077,482 356,563 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 451,050 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888,785 278,922 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,985 225,268 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,226 157,321 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & s e e s e e s e s e s e s e e e 1,716.007 69,664 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,058 32,137 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,682,946 76,914 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608,353 103,139 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352,670 81,801 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,486,220 30,142 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157,854 41,957 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134,349 16,528. 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104,065 60,353 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891,065 54,263 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076,601 66,545 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108,448 108,137 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859,812 92,764 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677,211 64,620 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551,847 130,481 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507,009 194,366 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518,249 180,322 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467,676 106,899 MANUFACTURERS OF JUTE AND COTTON BAGS The Canadian Bag Company, Limited IMPORTERS OF TWINE, HESSIANS, CANVAS, Etc. HEAD OFFICE. MONTREAL, 427 St. Patrick St. TORONTO, 109 & 111 George St. WINNIPEG, 831 Henry Ave. C. B. ESDAILE NORMAN WIGHT & Esdaile GV/ Nº GRAIN and FREIGHT BROKERS B O A R D ROOMS 305, 306 & 307 OF T R A DE BUIL DIN G M O N T R E A L The Export Grain Trade HE export grain trade from the port of Montreal for the season 1913 has been a record one in the history of the trade and port, as the total shipments of all kinds of grain amount to 54,305,172 bushels, as compared with 38,918,264 for the season 1912, showing the handsome increase of 15,286,908 bushels, which to a large extent may be attributed Dominion Government Elevator, Port Arthur, Ont. Capacity, 3,250,000 bushels. to the remarkable improvements made within the past few years in the facilities for handling grain at this port, as the elevator capacity has been increased considerably, and this, coupled with the cheaper all-water rates for grain from Fort William and Port Arthur and the splendid service obtainable from the different lake lines of steamers, exporters were induced to forward all the grain they possibly could this way; but, not- 142 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE withstanding these facts, some very large quantities were also exported via United States ports. Another very important factor in the export grain trade this year which must not be overlooked was the fact that the port was favored with the largest number of tramp vessels ever known, owing to the good rates being paid for carrying grain. During the season thirty- seven of this class of vessels arrived, which carried 10,858,555 bushels of grain, divided up as follows: Wheat, 5,393,319 bushels; oats, 1,084,774 bushels; barley, 1,937,338 bushels, and flaxseed, 2,443,124 bushels. The largest cargo of grain that ever cleared from this port was carried by the SS. Kim for Rotterdam, which amounted to over 450,000 bushels and shipped by the British Empire Grain Co., Limited. The largest portion of the business was done in wheat, which amounted to 33,252,893 bushels, showing an increase of 2,281,836 bushels as compared with 1912; while flaxseed came next with a total of 8,253,544 bushels, an increase of 8,214,410 bushels; oats third with an increase of 731,653 bushels, and barley fourth with an increase of 3,966,550 bushels. There were only a few small lots of corn shipped, owing to the fact that prices in the United States advanced to such high level on the Smaller yield of the crop of 1913 that exporters could not compete with other exporting countries of corn. Not in many years—not ever, say Some of the oldest men in the trade—has corn sold in the seventies at the beginning of the movement of the new crop in late November and December, as it has done this year. In the two famous corn-crop-failure years the Chicago price at the opening of December was 60 to 62 cents in 1901, and around 52 cents in 1894. The chief feature of the present market is the absence of any heavy-selling pressure from the country holder. Less is being sold to arrive, as well as to go out of the country, than was true a few weeks ago—which is unusual. In fact, there has been nothing sold to go out, whereas last year, millions of bushels had been sold to foreign markets, which took the offerings as fast as they came, to fill their orders. Now the offerings are light and there is only a limited domestic demand. THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 143 It is a natural condition which has been forecasted by the bulls months ago. It will be interesting to watch the action of December corn. Should the big shorts get stubborn and refuse to cover on any decided advance, which will put the market in a congested condition and make arbitrary prices, it would not be surprising to see a Federal investigation ordered in the same way as was the inquiry into the high price of Grand Trunk Pacific Elevator, Fort William, Ont. Largest Elevator in the World. Capacity, 5,700,000 bushels. eggs. It is claimed by those in a position to know that Argen- tina is through with its selling of corn to the United States, and that the remnant of supplies there has been secured by a speculative syndicate who have advanced prices out of line with our markets. The total quantity of grain which passed down the canal this year was 52,836,696 bushels, as compared with 35,800,939 bushels for 1912, an increase of 17,037,757 bushels. The quantity of wheat which came down was 31,540,693 bushels, an increase of 7,195,258 bushels; corn, 182,718 bushels, a decrease of 100,196 bushels, the only decrease that has to be 144 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE recorded. The quantity of oats which came down was 10,867,- 866 bushels, an increase of 1,196,001 bushels; barley, 3,592,234 bushels, an increase of 2,710,835 bushels; rye, 270,249 bushels, an increase of 244,749 bushels; flax-seed, 6,384,936, as compared with only 593,826 bushels, an increase of 5,791,110 bushels. As will be seen by the table below the shipments of grain to Bristol or Avonmouth were the largest of any other port and show an increase over last year of 5,778,989 bushels, while Hull comes second with an increase of 4,504,956 bushels, and Rotterdam third with an increase of 2,359,752 bushels; but, strange to say, the only port with any decrease of importance was Liverpool, with 1,003,048 bushels. With reference to the shippers, Messrs. Wight & Esdaile have the credit of heading the list again this year with a total of over 21,750,000 bushels, showing an increase of over 8,111,000 bushels as compared with 1912, while Messrs. Thomson & Earle have second place with a total of over 14,134,000 bushels, an increase of over 4,932,000 bushels. The British Empire Grain Company, Limited, is third with a total of over 4,548,000 bushels, an increase of over 1,330,000 bushels, and Messrs. Jas. Carruthers & Co., Limited, come fourth with a total of over 4,360,000 bushels, an increase of over 1,255,000 bushels. Prince Arthur Hotel, Port Arthur, Ont.—Canadian Northern Railway System. The following table shows the volume of business by grain exporters and their representatives during the season 1913, from the port of Montreal — Wight & Esdaile . . . . . . . . . Thomson & Earle. . . . . . . . British Empire Grain Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jas. Carruthers & Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alex. McFee & Co., Ltd.. Norris & Company. . . . . . . Quintal & Lynch, Ltd. . . . W. H. Dwyer Co., Ltd. . . . Jos. Ward & Co . . . . . . . . . . - |Total, 1913 & e º e º 'º º e º e e s tº e g º º e º 'º e e is & e º is tº e º e º 'º e º e & 6 º' tº a tº * * g e º & ſº e s tº e º s e º º $ $ tº e e tº º e º is tº e º e º & & e º 'º e º is $ e & e e g º e º e º 'º e º e º e º is $ & e e is tº º & © e g º e º g º ºs º g tº & © & & & © © tº g & 4 tº e º ºs º º e º e º & 8 & # * * & & ſº sº e s & s & ſº is a s is s e º s e s e e tº e º 'º e º e & tº dº e º e º E * * * * e tº e º ſº tº & E & © tº a tº e º s & © tº $ tº e tº gº & e º & e º 'º e º e º º is & 8 & 8 & e Wheat, Bush. 15,342,920 8,481,768 2,266,530 3,055,158 1,667,867 2,180,268 258,382 33,252,893 30,971,057 18,122,042 20,239,412 25,939,705 28,303,982 21,148,592 14,469,187 10,579,035 7,425,308 15,891,946 16,951,132 13,630,801 10,510,467 11,888,534 10,198,927 13,709,538 COrn. Peas, Oats, Barley, Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. 50,821 . . . . . . 1,274,864 2,205,744 e - tº e º is ſº e º sº tº e 921,357 159,691 * & © tº º e º ºs e º º & 580,227 868,203 tº º tº tº e º e g º º ſº tº 357,486 849,744 & e º 'º e º te e g º ſº tº 1,366,334 230,921 tº e e º 'º gº tº e º 'º º tº 47,047 565,465 e e º e º 'º º tº e & tº & 2,177,114 301,716 º e º ºs e º C G & º 'º e 492,793 e e º e º e tº gº e º 'º e º O sº tº º & 38,400 e ‘º e º s º 50,821 . . . . . . 7,255,622 5,181,484 tº e g º 'º e º ſº º $ tº º 6,523,969 1,214,934 5,890,674 9,166 5,783,043 60,707 2,700,638 28,168 3,304,588 445,319 479,496 57,810 473,048 583,020 317,641 273,373 205,647 1,266,067 4,804,893 179,677 4,113,459 858,316 4,602,085 130,335 3,147,268 1,032,586 5,745,489 47,930 2,661,537 2,276,830 3,969,028 136,505 1,253,693 836,864 7,269,171 226,755 1,119,262 295,523 237,328 406,543 1,850,005 246,336 4,087,964 691,202 2,239,638 597,645 1,666,711 4,684,490 1,096,945 1,272,701 4,000,986 1,118,115 Rye, Bush. 210,808 * * * tº º e tº e º e g s tº tº º te tº e tº e º tº e * g e º de & tº e º º e & 210,808 169,170 * * * * * * 403,600 Buck- Flax- Total, Wheat, Seed, Bush. Bush. 1913. * * * * * * 2,626,560 21,750,117 tº is e & e ºs 4,571,959 14,134,775 * * * * * * 833,752 4,548,712 * tº gº e º e 97,695 4,360,083 e e e º gº tº $ tº º ſº º tº 3,265,122 tº e º e º e 123,578 2,916,358 tº e º 'º e º gº & e s tº gº 2,737,212 is e º ſº e g º e º & tº e 492,793 • e e º e º O & ſº e º e 38,400 tº tº e e º & 8,253,544 54,205,172 * * * * * * 39,134 38,918,264 25,911 16,290 29,893,184 141,143 . . . . . . 26,859,268 192,651 165,776 27,959,395 65,763 654,563 31,421,082 48,903 1,484,283 32,783,018 150,276 3,175,722 26,812,607 37,797 . . . . . . 13,455,413 112,043 . . . . . . 13,455,413 76,151 115,569 25,588,906 163,452 354,471 21,105,080 89,383 670,399 22,923,394 306,621 113,423 30,721,951 168,756 732,916 31,191,551 The following table shows the exports of grain from the port of Montreal to the different foreign ports from May 1st to the close of navigation, 1913, with comparisons:— Whea [. Corn, Oats, Barley, Maxseed, Total, Total, Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. 1913. 1912. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,847,479 . . . . . . 1,533,666 . . . . . . 1,226,226 8,607,371 8,283,169 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,537,512 . . . . . . 1,546,659 2,752,793 889,407 10,726,371 4,947,382 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,801,540 33,400 1 279,097 992,722 309,973 6,525,992 4,642,533 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,395,101 . . . . . . 488, 134 111,100 578,054 4,572,389 5,575,437 Man:Chester . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,149,105 . . . . . . 827,082 143,481 222,822 4,342,490 4,448,676 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,623,188 . . . . . . 677,022 . . . . . . 2,670,09] 5,970,301 1,465,345 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,290,537 . . . . . . 113,510 453,734 1,047,353 3,905,134 1,545,382 Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739,897 . . . . . . 263,604 26,666 938,680 2,968,847 2,483,628 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,298,742 . . . . . . 46,058 178,746 212,812 1,753,858 1,400,150 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900,063 17,421 195,347 108,420 39,942 1,261,193 935,837 Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548,067 . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,992 8,700 691,759 898,734 Calais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503,794 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448,026 951,820 . . . . . . Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440,600 . . . . . . 47,050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487,650 . . . . . . . Lisbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,000 . . . . . . Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,203 . . . . . . 238,393 278,830 94,048 . . . . . . 816,474 1,053,056 Naples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,015 117,000 Havre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,977 32,444 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,278 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,273 23,928 Dundee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 63,800 Trieste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 . . . . . . Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,137 Emden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,600 Syracuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,682 Marseilles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,600 Avonmouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,457 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,287 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * 33,252,893 50,821 7,255,622 5,181,484 8,253,544 54,205,172 38,918,264 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 147 OCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1913. The following table shows the fluctuations in ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1913:— LIVERPOOL. AVONMOUTH. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 3 May . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 9 June . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0 June . . . . . . . 2 10% to 3 9 July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 3 3 August . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 August . . . . . . 1 9 to 3 14% September . . . 1 9 to 2 9 September . . 2 9 to 3 0 October . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 October . . . . . 2 1% to 3 0 November 2 0 to 3 0 November . . . 2 3 to 2 7% LONDON. MANCHESTER, S. d. S. d S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0 May . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 2 4% to 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . .. July . . . . . . . . 2 7% to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 10% to 3 0 August . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 August . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 6 September . . . 2 0 to 2 6 September . . 1 9 to 2 9 October . . . . . 1 10% to 3 0 October . . . . . 2 0 to 3 0 November . . . 2 0 to 3 0 November 2 6 to 3 0 GLASGOW. |HULL S. d. S. d. S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 7% to 3 0 May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 6 June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 6 July . . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 9 July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 4% August . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 9 August . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 September . . . 2 3 to 2 9 September .. 3 0 to 3 3 October . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 October . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 November 2 0 to 2 6 November . . . 2 4% to 3 3 LEITH. ANTWERP. S. d. S. d S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . 3 1% to 3 7%. May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to 3 73% June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 6 July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 August . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 August . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . e September . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . September . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 October . . . . . 2 1% to 3 0 November . . 2 9 to 3 0 November . . . 2 6 to 3 3 DUBLIN. ROTTERDAM. S. d. S. d. - S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 1% May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 11% June . . . . . . . . 3 1% to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 2 71% to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 3 0 August . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0 August . . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 September . . 2 6 to . . . . . . September .. 2 4% to 3 3 October . . . . . 2 73% to 3 3 October . . . . . 2 6 to 3 3 November . . . 2 7% to 3 3 November . . . 2 6 to 2 74% 148 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE FHAMEURG. BELFAST. S. d. S. d S. d. S. d May . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . May . . . . . . . . 3 3 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to e June . . . . . . . . 3 3 to 3 4% July . . . . . . . . . 2 11% to 2 6 July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 August . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . August . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 September . . . 2 4% to . . . . . . September . . . 2 7% to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 6 to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 7% to 2 9 November . . . 2 6 to . . . . . . November . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . CALAIS ELAVERE S. d. S. d S. d. S. d May . . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . May . . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . August . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . August . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . September . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . September . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . October . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 October . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . November . . . 2 9 to 3 6 November . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . OCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1912. The following table shows the fluctuations in ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1912:— LIVERPOOL. GLASGOW. S. d S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 6 May . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 2 6 June . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 6 June . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 9 July . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 9 July . . . . . . . . . 1 10% to 2 6 August . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 9 August . . . . . . 1 10% to 3 0 September . . . 1 71% to 2 6 September . . . 2 0 to 3 3 October . . . . . 2 6 to 4 3 October . . . . . 2 9 to 3 9 November . . . 2 6 to 4 3 NOvenber 3 3 to 4 0 LONDON ANTWERP S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 6 May . . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 2 6 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 9 July . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0 August . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 9 August . . . . . . 2 4% to . . . . . * September . . . 2 3 to 3 3 September . . . 2 3 to 2 6 October . . . . . 2 9 to 4 0 October . . . . . 2 6 to 3 9 NOvenber . . . 2 & 9 to 4 3 NOvenber . . . 2 9 to 4 0 AVON MOUTH. LEITH. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 114 to 2 9 May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 August . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0 August . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . * September . . . 2 3 to 3 0 September . . . 3 3 to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 9 to 4 3 October . . . . . 3 6 to 3 10% November . . . 2 9 to 4 9 November ... 3 3 to 4 1%. THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 149 MANCHESTER. BELFAST. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 6 S. d S. d June . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 6 May . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . . July ........ 1 7% to 2 6 June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . . August . . . . . 1 7% to 2 3 September . . . 1 10% to 2 9 July . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 6 to 3 6 August . . . . . . 1 10% to . . . . . . November ... 2 6 to 4 0 September . . . 3 3 to . . . . . . ROTTERIDA.M. October . . . . . 3 3 to 3 6. S. d. S. d. November . . . 3 3 to 3 May . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 2 7% to 2 9 |HULL. July . . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0 August . . . . . . 2 3 to . . . . . . S. d S. d. September . . . 2 4% to 3 6 October . . . . . 4 0 to 4 3 May . . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . November . . . 4 0 to 4 6 June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . FHAMEURG. July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to S. d. S. d. August . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0 May . . . . . . . . 1 10% to 3 0 October . . . . . 3 3 to 4 0 June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 July . . . . . . . . . 3 3 to 3 6 IEHAVEE August . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 November 4 6 to . . . . . . S. d. DUBLIN. May . . . . . . . . . 0 4% & Prim S. d. S. d June . . . . . . . . 0 41/2 & Prim May . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 9 * June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . . 0 43% & Prim July . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 2 9 August . . . . . . 0 41/2 & Prim August . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . . September 4 6 to September . . . 2 9 to 3 0 eptember . . . A to ...... October tº º g º º 2 9 to 3 0 October s tº e º 'º 6 to & ſº ſº tº tº $ November . . . 4 0 to . . . . . . November . . . 4 6 to . . . . . . THE ONTARIO GRAIN CROP FOR 1913. The following statements give the area and yields of the principal field crops of Ontario for 1913. The areas have been compiled from individual returns of farmers and the yields by a special staff in each township in addition to our regular crop correspondents:— - Fall wheat—646,533 acres yielded 15,945,717 bushels, or 24.7 per acre, as compared with 15,039,885 and 19.8 in 1912. The annual average per acre for 32 years was 21.1. Spring wheat—116,581 acres yielded 2,068,951 bushels, 150 THE EXPORT G RAIN TRADE or 17.7 per acre, as compared with 2,302,339 and 18.7 in 1912. Annual average, 16.0. - Barley—623,658 acres yielded 18,255,958 bushels, or 29.3 per acre, as compared with 19,232,275 and 29.7 in 1912. Annual average, 27.8. Oats—2,699,459 acres yielded 98,426,902 bushels or 36.5 per acre, as compared with 98,444,807 and 37.8 in 1912. Annual average, 35.6. +. Rye-118,429 acres yielded 1,979,775 bushels, or 16.7 per acre, as compared with 1,839,675 and 17.4 in 1912. Annual average, 16.5. Buckwheat—228,279 acres yielded 4,012,418 bushels, or 17.6 per acre, as compared with 5,454,796 or 26.3 in 1912. Annual average, 20.5. Peas—177,303 acres yielded 3,108,263 bushels, or 17.5 per acre, as against 3,667,005 and 16.6 in 1912. Annual average, 19.2. Beans—66,639 acres yielded 1,021,243 bushels, or 15.3 per acre, as compared with 1,182,132 and 17.0 in 1912. Annual average, 17.1. Mixed grains—414,517 acres yielded 15,113,480 bushels, or 36.5 per acre, as compared with 16,382,161 and 36.5 in 1912. Annual average, 34.3. Corn for husking—299,871 acres yielded 22,214,014 bushels (in the ear), or 74.1 per acre, as compared with 21,969,468 and 72.9 in 1912. Annual average, 71.5. Corn for silo–388,138 acres yielded 4,059,345 tons (green) or 10.46 per acre, as compared with 3,969,597 and 10.50 in 1912. Annual average, 11.29. Hay and clover (including Alfalfa)—3,428,846 acres yielded 3,924,563 tons or 1.14 per acre as against 5,220,713 and 1.55 in 1912. Annual average, 1.45. The area estimated to be sown to fall wheat for the crop of 1914 totals 1,006,700 acres, as compared with 1,086,800 acres, the area estimated to have been sown in 1912 for 1913. This represents a net diminution for the five provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Col- THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 151 umbia of 80,100 acres, or 7.37 per cent. Ontario where nearly seven-tenths of the crop is grown remains practically stationary, the estimated total reduction being only 2,000 acres from 696,000 acres. There is a diminution of 1,100 acres in the two provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia, offset by an increase of 6,000 acres, making 78,000 acres in Saskat- chewan. The bulk of the reduction is therefore in Alberta where the acreage is estimated as 229,000 as against 312,- 000, or a decrease of 83,000 acres, nearly 27 per cent. Elevator and Harbour, Port McNicoll, Ont.—Canadian Pacific Railway. Correspondents attribute this decrease to the excessive amount of winter killing of fall wheat during the last three years, in consequence of which many farmers have given up this crop altogether. The condition of fall wheat for all Canada averages 93.74 per cent of a standard, Manitoba and Saskatchewan showing the best condition with 95 and 96 points respectively. The percentage of fall ploughing completed compares well with last year, when, however, the conditions were ex- ceptionally unfavorable. The percentage ranges from the 152 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE * lowest of 30 in Saskatchewan to the highest of 70 in Quebec. In Manitoba and Alberta the respective percentages are 58 compared with 27 last year and 44 compared with 24. As compared with 1912 all the provinces devoted a smaller area to summer fallowing excepting Prince Edward Island and the three Northwest provinces, where the increased percentages are from 2 to 5. - WORLD'S SHIPMENTS OF WHEAT. The world’s shipments of wheat and flour as wheat from the chief exporting countries since July 1, 1913, to date, ex- cept Argentina, being from January 1, 1913 (the commence- ment of the cereal year in that country), follow: This year. Last year. Bushels. Bushels. TJnited States . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,482,000 87,306,000 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,684,000 51,188,000 Danube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,108,000 26,520,000 Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,100,000 94,682,000 Austria-Hungary . . . . . . . . . 300,000 136,000 India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,872,000 32,136,000 Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,912,000 9,064,000 Various . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,138,000 3,062,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332,600,000 304,184,000 The total receipts of spring and winter wheat at the principal primary points from July 1, 1912, to November 8, 1913, aggregate 163,894,000 bushels, as compared with 182,- 436,880 bushels in the same period last year. SHIPMENTS OF CORN. Shipments of corn from the chief exporting countries follows: tºº. This year. Last year. Bushels. Bushels. TJnited States . . . . . . . . . . . . 639,000 399,000 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,243,000 5,247,000 Danube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,996,000 8,358,000 Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175,372,000 153,090,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188,250,000 167,918,000 THOMSON & EARLE cº-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-º: º | FREIGHT i i ; BROKERS º-o-o-o- ++sº----4 230 B O ARD OF TRADE BUILDING, M O N T R E A L NORRIS & COMPANY G R A LIN Exporters Coristine Building, - - - MONTREAL - Board of Trade, sº - - CHICAGO Grain Exchange, - - - WINNIPEG British Empire Grain Co. LIMITED G R A LIN Exporters • ‘sº Grain Exchange, & Tº t- tº WINNIPEG Board of Trade, tº , & MONTREAL Produce Exchange, - º ſº NEW YORK Melady & Company Grain Exporters §§§º 2 Members of New York Produce Exchange, Chicago Board of Trade, Winnipeg Grain Exchange, Montreal Board of Trade and Montreal Corn Exchange. TORONTO, & [… tº , CANADA. Montreal Agents, t- tº-ºr WIGHT & ESDAILE Cable Address: * CARRUTH" Jas. Carruthers & Co. LIMITED -—t GRAIN+–t EXPORTERS Board of Trade Building, Montreal Board of Trade Building, Toronto Grain Exchange, - - Winnipeg d MONTREAL WINNIPEG and TORONTO Lukis, Stewart & Co. LIMITED INSURA NCE Special facilities for | Grain in Elevators and ; Goods in W are house PHONE MAIN 5148 232 ST. JAMES STREET, - MONTREAL Montreal Stock Yards Company MONTREAL, QUE. Located on the Tracks of the Grand Trunk Railway System Extensive Improvements Completed. New Hog Pens. New Cattle Sheds. Yards Replanked and "Enlarged. Horse Stables Renovated. The Most Comfortable and Complete Stock Yards and Horse Stables in the Dominion of Canada. Lighted throughout with Electricity.  ºxº *&ºº.º. ºf ºt. y ºrrºr sº tº ſº. Bºtºlº * * * eiºfaux , gº.j MalsTRRºl, ºft *... . . …: ºf ºa. ºr tº HE Montreal Stock Yards Company, which is situated at Point St Charles, in the City of Montreal, was organized many years ago for the accommodation of shippers of Live Stock from all points East and West, and also for the sale of the same, and it is now recognized as the leading West End Market. These Yards are closely connected with the Grand Trunk Railway and are therefore very convenient to Shippers, as all live stock can be unloaded on the premises. Owing to the steady increase in the volume of business during the past year, the Company has erected a first- class double-decked market with all the latest improvements, for the sale and handling of all local and export live stock, and also for the convenience of Butchers. The ground floor of the above is used for the Sale of cattle and the second floor for the sale of sheep, lambs, calves, and hogs. In addition to the above this Company has also added to their already extensive plant, a new abattoir which has been fitted up with all the latest improved machinery. This abattoir has a capacity for killing 3,000 head of cattle, 5,000 hogs and sheep and calves per week. Besides the above, they have also put in a new electric plant whilch supplies the light to all the different departments, Give us a trial and you will not be disappointed. W. MANN, F. He CARLIN, President. General Supt. and Sec.-Treas. gooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Jhe Bigfiltrfiue feature of the Montreal Gazette is the hold it has upon the confidence and esteem of its readers. It endeavors to keep its advertising columns as clean and as reputable as its news columns. It is the business man's newspaper. Its financial, commercial and marine news is the most com- plete and most accurate of a n y Canadian news- paper. It sells at double the price of any Montreal newspaper, simply because it is worth it. $ 6.00 P E R Y E A R THE GAZETTE PRINTING CO., LIMITED 38 ST. ANTOINE STREET, - - MONTREAL O69CºO69C03O69C03CºOº3O&O63O69C)63O&O63CQC&O63OGO&Oº3O&O63O T H E Ogilvie Flour Mills Co. LIMITED BY ROYAL APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING DA I LY MILL IN G CAFA CITY M O N T R E A L ROYAL MILLS, water power, Flour -º tº * 6,000 Bbls. GLENORA. MILLS, water power, Flour tº gº , 2,500 “ CITY MILLS, water power, Corn Products tº tº 2 2,000 “ win NIPEG WINNIPEG MILLS No. 1, Electric Power, Flour *_º 3,000 “ WINNIPEG MILLS No. 2, Electric Power, Oat Products - 500 “ FORT WILLIAM MILLS, Electric Power - - - 3,000 “ MEDICINE HAT MILLS, Natural Gas, Flour * 3,000 “ TOTAL DAILY CAPACITY º s tº 20,000 Bbls. The Company own and operate, in addition to the above mills, 120 Elevators distributed throughout Manitoba and the North West, having a storage capacity of 4,000.000 bushels, which, with Terminal Elevators at Winnipeg and Montreal and including a 1,000,000 bushel Elevator at Fort William, gives them a total storage capacity of upwards of 6,500,000 bushels. Head Office, - - - MONTREAL DIRECTORS C. R. HosMER, W. A. BLACK, President, ſº Vice-President and Managing Director SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN, President Merchants' Bank of Canada. H. S. HOLT, President Montreal Light, Heat and Power Co. SHIRLEY OGILVIE, Director Canadian Rubber Co. CHARLES CHAPUT, of L. Chaput, Fils & Cie. GEORGE E. DRUMMOND, of Drummond, McCall & Co. The Export Flour Trade N this department of the trade a good healthy business was done throughout the season at satisfactory prices, as at the annual meetings of all the leading Canadian millers, which were held in October, the statements showed that they had all earned good profits for the year, which indicates that the Canadian milling industry is working along on prosperous lines, Old Dutch Windmill, and that the different grades and the Near Goderich. quality of the flour manufactured by them were becoming known the world over for its superiority, and in consequence the consumption is steadily increasing, so much so that millers in some cases have erected new mills during the past year in order to be in a position to fill the requirements of the western trade and the ever increasing demand from the Orient for supplies, and now other millers are talking of building in the west. A new departure in the trade this year was the demand from Austria for spring wheat flour, and shipments amounting to over 255,000 sacks were made from this port to Trieste, while the exports to South Africa amounted to over 295,000 sacks, but the largest trade was done with London with shipments of over 801,000 sacks. An important factor in the flour situation during the past season, which millers claimed tended to curtail the volume of the export business to some extent, was the discrimination in ocean freight rates on flour and the raw material, the rates charged for the carriage of flour during the past year being from 5 to 12 cents per 100 lbs. higher than on wheat. This discrimination worked heavily in favor of the foreign and British millers, who were enabled to take advantage of the low rate on wheat, and who benefited in competition with the 160 THE EXPORT FLOUR TRADE Canadian miller through the high rate on flour. As the con- sumption of wheat in Canada is only about 50,000,000 bushels per year, computing one barrel of flour per head of population, a large export trade is necessary in order to keep the mills runnning. The exports of flour from the port of Montreal for the Season 1913 amounted to 2,747,192 sacks, as compared with 2,646,873 sacks for the year 1912, showing an increase of 100,319 sacks, and an increase of 156,887 sacks as compared with 1911. On the other hand the export trade in cereals for the Season 1913 has been smaller. The shipments of oatmeal show a decrease of 11,423 sacks as compared with last season, and a decrease of 23,800 sacks with 1911. The exports of rolled oats show a decrease of 15,847 cases as compared with 1912, and a decrease of 36,591 with 1911, while the shipments of rolled oats in sacks show a decrease of 32,046 sacks as compared with 1912, and a decrease of 41,578 with 1911. With reference to prices for spring wheat flour in the local market from May 1st to November 30th, 1913, there was very little change, first patent selling in May at $5.40, and second patent at $4.90 per barrel in jute, but in June they were advanced 20c per barrel to $5.60 for first patent and $5.10 for second patent, which figures continued up to September when millers reduced prices 20c per barrel to $5.40 for first patent, and $4.90 for second patent, and these remained in force right up to the end of November. . — THE — Montreal Warehousing Co’y. Storage Capacity: Warehouse “A,” Wellington St., 400,000 Bushels. Elevator “B,” Windmill Point, 1,000,000 Bushels. Elevator “C,” Mill St., Directors : E. J. CHANABERLIN, President H. G. KELLEY, Vice-President WNM. WAINVVRIGHT, W. M. RANMSAY, M. M. REYNOLDS, GEO. H. HANNA, NAanager and 600,000 Bushels. Secretary. The following table shows the principal shippers of Montreal for the season 1913, with comparison's:– Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd. L. Of Woods Mill. Co. Ltd.. Western Canada, Flour Mills Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maple Leaf Flour Mills Co., Ltd. St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co. Ltd. Dominion Flour Mills e g º ºs e e º e º º e º ſº e * * * * * tº a tº # e. tº e º & gº tº e º º Stewart, Munn & Co. . . . . . Quintal & Tuynch Sundry Shippers s e e s tº e º is & C Grand Trunk Railway Canadian Pacific Railway. . Through Shipments tº e g tº e º s TOtal © tº t e º e º 'º e º º tº º 1912 Rolled Rolled Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, Flour, Meal, Sacks. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. Sacks. Bbls. SackS. 519,998 318,207 35,945 . . . . . . 120,428 22,397 11,400 . . . . . . 181,450 122,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,150 354,024 1,000 . . . . . . 214,139 143,104 22,000 . . . . . . 88,007 76,051 5,822 . . . . . . 25,753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,823 . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tº e º ſº tº tº e s e º 'º e 500 tº gº & E & & 49,833 tº e º te & C e Q ſº tº dº tº e s s e e s s s e º e s e e s e e e 344,701 38,567 50,320 40,412 229,631 58,931 51,213 851,088 39,223 48,320 50,412 532,654 86,931 38,000 231,644 1,791 29,013 174,374 . . . . . . 2,747,192 77,790 100,431 90,824 1,827,421 409,726 89,213 1913 flour, oatmeal, and rolled oats from the port of Meal, Cases. tº º tº gº tº gº 27,000 28.212 55,212 Rolled Rolled Oats, Oats, Cases. Sacks. 61,000 67,432 55,278 55,438 116,278 122,870 The following table shows the exports of flour, oatmeal, and rolled oats from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1913, with comparisons:– 1913— 1912 .# Rolléd Rolled Rolled Rolled Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, R'lour, Flour, Meal, Meal, Oats, Oats. Sacks. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. SackS. Bbls. SackS. Ca,SeS. Cases. Sacks. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801,786 13,600 32,659 18,726 574,819 . . . . . . 10,746 12,800 44,149 10,545 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393,427 25,160 1,200 12,879 449,225 . . . . . . 40,177 10,000 . . . . . . 4,150 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295,527 . . . . . . 15,566 640 287,504 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 18,330 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170,154 11,347 31,474 6,121 183,322 . . . . . . 7,870 17,335 33,717 3,150 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,067 18,700 10,780 17,320 80,961 . . . . . . 19,850 13,100 4,475 8,198 Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,189 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870 137,334 . . . . . . 2,750 1,977 . . . . . . 6,039 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,837 375 365 100 125,240 . . . . . . 1,695 . . . . . . 1,595 2,620 Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . 280,508 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,374 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,184 4,430 . . . . . . 575 64,196 . . . . . . 850 . . . . . . 800 3,320 Dundee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,4,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,988 . . . . . . . . . . . . * † e º ſº º © e & C & © tº º ſº tº º º Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,800 . . . . . . •, e - e º e s e s e s • e e e º 'º e tº e º e º º Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,143 4,078 1,200 10,158 61,204 . . . . . . 2,700 . . . . . . 3,210 50,574 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº t e º is e º e º ſº e e º # 3 & tº º 3,145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,950 250 580 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048 320 Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * is & & © e s & e º is e e º e º 'º 7,295 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,549 . . . . . . 571 21,585 109,563 . . . . . . 1,625 . . . . . . 13,864 27,044 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,077 . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 59,051 . . . . . . 700 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NeWCastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * e g º & e tº a tº e º e º ºs & e e º gº tº e º e s tº g tº º e e 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Havre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & © e & © & 1,791 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 . . . . . . Trieste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,644 . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . © tº te tº º & Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... º e º ſº tº tº tº º ſº tº $ tº 1,875 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,747,192 77,790 100,431 90,824 2,156,227 174,374 89,213 55,212 116,278 122,870 LAKE OF THE W 00 DS Milling Company, Limited. Established 1888 Millers Of Manitoba Hard Wheat F10urs ** Not Bleached—Not Blenn ded ?” Daily Capacity, * - * … 11,500 Barrels. O FFIC E R S : President and Man. Director, FRANK S. MEIGHEN Vice-President, Wm. W. H. UTCHISON DIRECTO R S : HON. ROBERT MACKAY ABNER FOING MAN ROBERT REFORD R. M. BALLANTYNE GEORGE V. HASTINGS TANCREDE BIENVENU J. K. L. ROSS Secretary, F. E. BRAY Assist.-Secretary, R. NEILSON Treasurer, T. F. McNALLY Head 0ffice: Lake of the Woods Building, M O N T R E A L St. LaWrence Flour Mills ºf A St. Lawrence Flour r—Four brands of equal purity— R E G A L |L.A U. REN TIA N AT I O N A L |DAILLY BREAD Made in the most modern and best equipped mills of North America, at the cheapest point of distribution in the world. M I L L S A T Lachine Canal, Montreal, Canada. tº. OFFICEs 1110 Notre Dame St. West MONTREAL G. A. GRIER, Lieut.-Col. A. E. LABELLE, President General Manager wesTERN CANADA FLOUR MILLS COMPANY., LINAIITED PURITY FLOUR. MORE BREAD and BETTER BREAD DAILY MILLING CAPACITY 7,OOO EARRELs Also own and operate 100 elevators situated in the best wheat producing districts of the Canadian West. MILLS WINNIPEG, Man. BRANDON, Man. GODERICH, Ont. Head Office, - - - ToRoNTo BRANCHES Montreal, St. John, N.B., Goderich, Ottawa, Fort William, Winnipeg, Brandon and Vancouver. [...] [I] A. KELLY, President. S. A. McGAW, Vice-President, General Manager. No discriminating smoker has w cause for criticism, when offered PALLMALL FAMOUS CIGARETTES The superior excellence of these cigarettes is so unquestionably established, that they are sold in the best Clubs, Hotels, Tobacco Stores, and carried on the principal steam- ship lines of the world. |N AT TRACTIVE RED EOXES OF TEN ORDINARY SIZE T H E KINC'S SIZE A Shilling in London A long after-dinner smoke A Quarter here 35c. per package The Export Hay Trade LAST winter's prices for baled hay were somewhat higher, and, as the quality was rather poor, most of the hay went for export to Europe, with poor re- sults for exporters. The spring business was quiet and feature- less. The 1913 crop turned out to be only three-quarters of an aver- age crop, but the carry-over of the crop of 1912 was fair; but, not- * - / withstanding this fact, farmers Filling the Hay M." throughout the season of 1913 were stubborn holders for high prices, which tended to curtail the demand from exporters, and in consequence the volume of business done was not very large; in fact, the exports for the season 1913 were the smallest than for some years past, as they only amounted to 290,051 bales, as com- pared with 563,783 bales for the season 1912, showing a decrease of 273,732 bales, and a decrease of 563,911 as compared with 1911. This marked falling off in the volume of business was to some extent due to the fact that the crop of hay in Europe and the Continent was somewhat larger than usual and of better quality, and as it was marketed freely prices throughout the season ruled lower than previous years, with a few exceptions, while on the other hand prices here in the interior were higher, and for the most part of the season above export basis, con- sequently there was no inducement for exporters to operate to any extent. Some business was done with the United States, but the results were not very satisfactory. Although it was reported at the end of August that the hay crop of Nova Scotia was gen- erally 15 to 20 per cent. larger than that of 1912, there was a fair 168 THE EXPORT HAY TRADE demand here for supplies from both buyers in Newfoundland and the Maritime Provinces, and some fair-sized lots were shipped to these points, while sales were also made for ship- ment to Northern Ontario points. The principal shippers of the season were Messrs. Jas. Scott & Co., Limited, with a total of 90,935 bales, which shows a decrease of 50,781 bales as compared with 1912, while Messrs. Quintal & Lynch came second with a total of 50,233 bales, a decrease of 17,908 bales, and W. H. Dwyer Co., Limited, with a total of 43,287 bales, a decrease of 21,750 bales. The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal by the different firms for the season 1913, with comparisons:— 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. Shippers. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Jas. Scott & Co., Ltd... 90,935 141,716 169,619 130,031 106,665 Quintal & Lynch . . . . . 50,233 68,141 138,029 95,384 78,224 W. H. Dwyer Co., Ltd. 43,287 65,037 136,802 117,440 82,271 S. Ledoux . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,854 36,876 113,929 96,373 46,310 J. C. Bisaillon . . . . . . . 27,708 78,220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ja.s. McDonnell . . . . . . . 16,126 60,226 100,152 77,748 52,317 V. Chicoine . . . . . . . . . . 10,028 13,550 95,055 10,548 . . . . . . . Mtl. Cut Hay Co. . . . . . 7,833 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poitras & Co. . . . . . . . . . 3,433 . . . . . . . 17,814 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Marcotte . . . . . . . . . . 2,747 2,195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Poirier . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,567 34,222 25,630 56,516 9,059 C. E. Young . . . . . . . . . . 1,367 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Desrosier . . . . . . . . . 799 18,904 19,429 64,868 28,885 R. P. Lippe Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,481 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. H. Tompkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Dingwall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,906 4,603 8,828 10,694 R. Wolston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. A. Campbell . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300 11,728 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Raymond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. R. McCarthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,101 . . . . . . . Chaplin BFOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,423 . . . . . . . Thomson & Earle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367 . . . . . . . J. J. Trickey & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,918 Sundry Shippers . . . . . 3,396 3,715 14,423 12,659 6,959 Grand Trunk Ry. . . . . . 2,748 . . . . . . . 3,698 22,150 22,914 Can. Pac. Ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 2,299 391 Through Shipments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 6,944 . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290,051 563,783 853,962 717,715 448,662 THE EXPORT HAY TRADE 169 The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1913, with comparisons:— 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. Ports. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11:0,627 137,539 274,854 245,763 124,335 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,079 195,118 266,172 151,827 107,802 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,624 82,017 104,750 191,746 92,527 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . 21,699 84,214 83,552 88,371 36,068 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,010 50,445 86,968 25,715 8,395 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,504 8,228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,508 596 17,804 6,112 9,099 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 3,713 4,652 14,826 Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4,332 2,479 3,404 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,118 639 19,981 Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 580 411 480 Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 . . . . . . . 5,084 Hamburg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 . . . . . . . 242 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,981 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,709 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717,715 448,662 “Empress of Russia” at anchor off coast of Japan, with Fujiyama, the sacred mountain of Japan, in the distance. Canadian Pacific Railway. QUINTAL & LYNCH L I M I T E D Grain, Hay, Feed, Domestic and Export [] [] O FFIC E S : BEAR D MORE BUILDING, 59 ST. PETER ST. - - MONTREAL W. H. DWYER COMPANY L I M IT ED W H O L E SALE DEALERS AND EXPO R T E R S OF HAY and GRAIN [][T] º ~~(QºS [...] , -ººp Room 302, Board of Trade Building, - - MONTREAL ESTABLISHED 1880. TELEPHONE NWAIN 2948. JAS, NWCDONNELL VVHOLESALE DEALER IN Hay, Grain and Cattle Supplies Office e e e 128 VVellington Street Barns e e 91 to 103 Dalhousie Street NMONTREAL Montreal Telephone, Main 4859 J. C. BISAILLON wholes ALE DEALER IN Hay, Grain SPECIALTY Exporter of Hay [] [T] | 309 ST. JAMES ST., - - MONTREAL The 20th Century Is Canada's. THE RESOURCES OF CANADA are illimitable. The wealth of her Farms, Fruit Areas, Forests, Fisheries and Mines is a wonder of the twentieth century. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA in the last decade is one of the marvels of modern times. THE OPPORTUNITY IN CANADA is the oppor- tunity of to-day. Her broad acres invite the land- hungry; her free farms call for settlers; her front door is wide open to willing workers, while wealth and a welcome await those who come. If not satisfied with your present position write for illustrated pamphlets about Canada to W. D. SCOTT, Superintendent of Immigration, OTTA WA, CANADA. The Export Fruit Trade HE season of 1913 must be regarded as an “off” year for apples in Ontario and the Maritime Provinces. The ship- ments to the end of November, from Montreal and Nova Scotian ports, are 30 per cent below 1912, which was not quite up to the average. One feature of the export trade this year is the in- creased quantity of pears—both Canadian and American—which have been exported from Mon- treal. The quantity of Canadian peaches shipped in 1913 was somewhat smaller than last year, owing to the fact that one of the largest shippers diverted more of his crop to the Prairie Provinces. The number of peach shippers, however, was larger than in any previous year, and reports indicate that they have met with fair success. It has been demonstrated that peaches, packed as directed in Bulletin 27 of the Dairy and Cold Storage Series, that is to say in single layer cases, and picked at proper maturity, can be carried to markets in the United Kingdom in very fair condition. The experience of the last two years has shown that with good refrigerating facilities the fruit can be allowed to ripen rather more fully than seemed advisable when the trial shipments were made. Foreign Markets. Although the quality of the crop was against it, 7 per cent of the apples exported were packed in boxes as against 6 per cent. in 1912. The demand for boxed apples is grow- ing, but they must be of high grade. The fruit growers in the Niagara district who depend upon tender fruits chiefly, were favored with excellent crops 174 THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE in nearly all varieties, and their trade with the Northwest provinces again showed a large increase. Figures are not yet available, but in all probability a larger quantity of Ontario apples was shipped to the Northwest during the past season than will be exported to Europe. The Western home market is every year becoming more and more important, and with im- proved transportation facilities and better methods of packing, the trade is bound to develop to very large proportions, and thus permit of much expansion of the fruit growing industry. NOVA SCOTIA EXPORT TRADE. The development of the apple trade in Nova Scotia is similar to that in Ontario and it began about the same time. About 1870 shipments from Nova Scotia to London were in large enough cargoes to attract attention. Many of these apples were sent in sailing vessels from local ports and, as might be expected, the condition on arrival was variable. There was no provision for ventilation, and even if there had been none of those delays so common to sailing vessels, it would have been a difficult matter to have landed apples in London to do justice to Nova Scotia. Steamers sailing from Boston were then induced to come to Halifax for a part cargo of apples, and this helped the situation considerably. Later, of course, Halifax secured a direct line of steamers that has served the needs of the trade more or less satisfactorily up to the present time. The exports in 1880 were only 24,000 barrels, and in 1886, 177,500 barrels. The phenomenal crop of 1896 gave a surplus of something like 500,000 barrels and the 1911 crop gave an output for export and long distance shipments of 1,500,000 barrels, representing a total yield of about 2,000,000 barrels. Briefly this is the history of the apple industry, both in Ontario and Nova Scotia, the only provinces that have yielded a large surplus for export. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. The phenomenal increase in the crop of Nova Scotia has been the result partly of increased plantings, but partly also of the better care which is taken of the orchards. THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE 175 The increase in the acreage of new orchards in Ontario in the last ten years has probably been as great as in Nova Scotia, but these new orchards are not concentrated to the same extent. Nevertheless, they are by no means as widely distributed as the older orchards. As a matter of fact the decrease in the number of trees in the older Smaller orchards in this province has been quite equal to the increase in the number of new trees planted in larger areas and, perhaps, in more favorable situations. Modern orchard culture is also the rule in these new Ontario orchards. The outcome in both Nova Scotia and Ontario is a very large increase in the ex- portable surplus. British Columbia has been planting very rapidly of late years but the 1912 crop was the first that seriously affected the market outside the province. COMMERCIAL ORCHARDS. Recently there has been a marked change with reference to apple growing, brought about for the most part by co- operation. The older home orchards are ceasing to be profit- able. It is doubtful, indeed, whether orcharding can be re- commended at all, unless it be for home use or for the local market, except where co-operative methods are used. Under the stimulus of such methods, growers are turning their atten- tion to Orcharding as a main source of income, where formerly it was only a side-line. The effect is to group the orchards in particular districts and to increase their size. It means, too, the application of business methods to this branch of horticulture. In modern phrase, orcharding is becoming ‘commercialized in Canada. The change is now taking place and we see the extra- ordinary spectacle of men in one part of a county receiving $2 per barrel for apples, while in the next township apples are being allowed to rot under the trees. The old order is passing away and the new is not yet thoroughly established. Owing to the smaller yield of apples in both Ontario and Nova Scotia this year, the export trade has been the smallest for the past two years, as the shipments from the port of 176 THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE Montreal show a decrease of 124,527 barrels, as compared with the season 1912, and a decrease of 50,305 barrels with 1911, but an increase of 49,898 with 1910. The following table shows the exports of apples to the different foreign markets for the season 1913, with compari- SOIlS — - 1913. POrtS. Bºbºls. Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,466 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,927 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . 15,817 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,062 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,886 Various . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,532 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,690 1912. 1911. 1910. Ebºls. Tºbls. Bibls. 197,815 129,925 80,112 89,002 65,333 33,158 16,257 50,083 16,572 17,441 8,907 26,639 15,924 9,575 8,177 8,778 7,112 6,134 345,217 270,995 170,792 The following table shows the exports of apples from the port of Montreal for the past thirty-four years:– Year. Barrels. 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,276 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,423 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,190 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,445 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,487 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,716 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,713 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,058 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,307 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,526 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,095 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320,457 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429,243 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,255 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,353 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,027 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700,274 Year. Barrels. 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,313 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404,573 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285,258 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,219 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,465 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476,425 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732,044 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375,085 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551,914 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 399,161 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624,159 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353,146 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587,287 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,729 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,995 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345,217 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,690 Boxes included in above as three to a barrel. The total exports from the port of Montreal for the past thirty-four years amount to 9,253,805 barrels, on which about $7,500,000 was paid for ocean freight space. year were 272,170 barrels. The average shipments per THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE 177 Table showing quantities of apples, bananas and oranges imported into the United Kingdom in the years named. (Years ended December 31st.) Years. Apples. CWts. Of 112 lbs. 2,128,541 1,830,210 2,843,517 4,569,546 3,771,781 3,494,660 2,808,732 3,526,232 3,376,579 3,129,646 3,242,205 3,332,618 3,881,947 Ea.mana.S. . Bunches 1,287,442 2,228,672 2,804,700 3,087,516 3,910,511 5,737,914 6,425,704 6,232,158 6,385,449 6,238,065 6,094,579 6,714,479 6,978,867 Oranges. Cwts. of 112 lbs. 5,090,386 5,281,657 6,518,107 6,176,752 5,853,254 5,068,526 5,230,911 6,120,185 5,664,041 6,202,270 5,469,601 5,284,142 5,561,719 Note.—The importation of bananas and oranges is shown for the reason that these fruits are the chief competitors of the apple in the markets of the United Kingdom and exercise an important influence on the consumptive demand for the latter fruit. It will be noted that in the last nine years while the quantity of apples and oranges imported yearly has varied but little, the quantity of bananas imported has almost doubled. W Concourse of Windsor Station, Montreal. Canadian Pacific Railway. G O N N S L 1 M IT ED Pork and Beef Packers Cotton Oil Refiners ** PON HONOR" FOOd. Products BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, POULTRY Gunn, Langlois & Co., Limited CANADA'S LEADING:PRODUCE HOUSE DEALERS IN HIGH-CLASS FARM AND DAIRY PRODUCE BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, POULTRY, ETC. If it's anything good in Provisions—We have it º º º The Qu'Appelle, Regina, Sask-Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The Export Cured Meat Trade With the exception of canned goods, there has been a marked falling off in the export trade from the port of Montreal in meats and canned meats, which is claimed to be due to the somewhat scarcity of supplies in both the United States and Canada on account of the shortage of the raw material in the former and the high prices ruling for the same, and in con- sequence of which there has been a brisk demand from American packing concerns for all lines of canning stock in Canada since the new tariff has been adopted, and thousands of head of cattle and other stock for this purpose were shipped to the United States markets during the months of October, November and December, which has resulted in this country being prac- tically cleaned up of this class of stock for the time being and advancing prices fully 50 per cent. With reference to hogs, there has been no scarcity in Canada, but owing to the in- creased home consumption, prices have ruled much higher than a year ago, consequently packers have paid less attention to the export trade; but, on the other hand, supplies in the United States have been smaller than last year. The exports of lard for the season 1913 from here amounted to 698,036 packages, as compared with 706,764 packages in 1912, showing a decrease of 8,728 packages, but they were 186,320 packages larger than the year 1911. The shipments of meats were 82,847 cases, as against 129,860 last year, showing a decrease of 47,013 cases, and a decrease of 67,356 cases as compared with 1911. The exports of canned meats amounted to 25,303 cases, showing a decrease of 772 cases as compared with 1912, and a decrease of 2,420 cases with 1911. The demand for canned goods from English buyers has been much larger than any previous year, which indicates that the consumption of these goods is steadily increasing in Europe and the Continent. The exports for the season 1913 were 172,632 cases, as compared with 120,260 for PRINCE RUPERT, B.C., 1913, PACIFIC COAST TERMINUS.–Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. THE EXPORT CURED MEAT TRADE 181 1912, showing an increase of 52,372 cases, and an increase of 123,376 cases with 1911. The following table shows the exports of lard, cured meats and tinned meats from the port of Montreal for the season 1913, with comparisons:— POrtS. LOndon Bristol Liverpool Manchester Glasgow South Africa. Leith Havre PHamburg ROtterdam . . New Castle . . Mexico PHull ſº tº ſº º ſº tº 1913. 1912. Canned Canned Lard Meats Meats Lard Meats Meats Pkgs Cases. Cases. Pkgs. Cases. Cases. tº g º & ſº 217,890 11,303 1,779 208,348 14,409 1,731 tº gº e º 'º 174,901 11,561 4,262 179,214 18,202 4,874 tº e & © & 132,113 34,316 12,518 120,366 62,784 11,469 e e º is { } 158,948 6,605 5,185 170,407 5,813 5,051 tº e º e & 7,675 16,582 160 16,890 22,289 1,280 tº gº & © tº 235 2,874 . . . . . . 834 6,183 920 e tº e º 'º 475 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,725 . . . . . . & & º G & ºt tº dº e º tº € $ tº º e g º 'º e º 'º º 598 30 180 . . . . . . tº gº tº gº tº 1,050 . . . . . . tº º tº s e e 4,185 . . . . . . . . . . . . & ſº tº e º ºs & G g & © tº tº gº tº e º ſº e º ſº e ºs 1,040 . . . . . . . . . . . . ë e g tº tº 500 . . . . . . 231 3,525 . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * c e s e e º e º s e º e s e º e º a º ºs e e s 750 tº º $ tº e 3,599 106 570 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . & © tº $ tº 125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º p is 698,036 82,847 25,303 706,764 129,860 26,075 The shipments of canned goods to the different foreign markets for the season 1913, with comparisons, were as follows:— Ports. GlasgOW LOndon Liverpool EHavre Leith Manchester South Africa, Bristol Antwerp Mexico Hull tº e º g g tº e tº º tº ſe & 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. 1908. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases * * e º e 27,362 3,914 3,025 9,655 11,996 30,396 tº e º e & 48,556 12,231 9,251 23,002 24, 361 18,090 ge e º tº s 45,126 15,767 22,419 7,157 25,511 12,961 tº e º is e 29,968 46,687 10,305 8,721 15,196 4,244 e e º e s 6,000 . . . . . . g tº e & e ge 50 58 3,600 tº º e º ºs 3,150 638 . . . . . . tº e º e º 'º 540 2,275 & © tº $ tº 161 312 2,852 842 798 1,358 tº $ tº e º & e º 'º $ tº 670 949 . . . . . . 9,425 275 • * * * * 709 335 405 373 1,008 100 & e º 'º e º # e. e º & 35,060 . . . . . . 14,552 25,258 . . . . . . * † tº dº ſº 536 466 . . . . . . 767 . . . . . . e e s e º º tº & & © e 6,432 1,450 . . . . . . 2,550 2,300 . . . . . . tº º º º ſº 300 1,700 . . . . . . 1,700 . . . . . . & º 'º º ſº tº e tº º & © 4,082 1,030 . . . . . . © e e g º º tº e º e º o tº gº tº e º e tº gº 250 . . . . . . 50 2,479 . . . . . . . . . . . . e = * ~ * 172,632 120,260 49,256 71,848 116,451 73,299 •- TO sup Settlers, Lumbermen "Sportsmen [][][] 7,000,000 Acres of Land Divided into Farm Lots, for Settlement in the Province of Quebec Over 100,000,000 Acres Still Unsurveyed The fertile regions of LAKE TEMISCAMINGUE, the LAKE ST. JOHN, the OTTAWA, the MATA- PEDIA, the BAIE DES CHALEURS, and the ABBITIBI especially, offer exceptional advantages. DDD Price of Fine Lots of 100 Acres, 20 to 50 Cents per Acre DDD For further information write to the Crown Lands Department, Q U E B E C In these regions the most fertile and valuable kinds of timber for export and manufacturing purposes are to be found, such as Pine, Spruce, Cedar, Maple, Black Birch, White Birch, Etc. Plenty of Spruce, which is in great demand for Pulp Making. | The Timber and Deal Expons The export trade from the port of Montreal in this depart- ment of the trade for the season 1913 was Smaller than that of the previous season, which is attributed to the somewhat scarcity of certain classes of lumber in Canada and the fact that the demand from English buyers was not so good as usual. The total shipments for the season 1913 amounted to 105,819,167 feet, which shows a decrease of 3,551,597 feet as compared with last year, but they show an increase of 2,345,947 feet compared with 1911, while they are 11,937,546 feet smaller than 1910, and 12,127,630 feet short of 1909. The following table shows the exports of wood goods to Great Britain, Continent, South Africa and Australia from the port of Montreal for the season 1913, with comparisons:— 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. No. Of NO. Of No. Of No. Of Exporters. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. Watson & Todd, Ltd. . . 34,596,642 33,217,881 30,663,444 34,684,863 R. Cox & Co. . . . . . . . . . . 18,326,191 17,316,113 13,296,102 20,181,389 W. & J. Sharples . . . . . . 13,571,128 12,943,460 10,222,326 11,014,202 J. Burstall & Co. . . . . . . 8,905,256 9,149,894 9,334,797 10,501,571 E. M. Nicholson . . . . . . . 7,695,305 7,670,005 9,134,954 8,659,361 E. H. Lemay . . . . . . . . . . 3,522,941 8,857,349 7,208,343 8,341,101 Dobell, Beckett & Co. . . 3,527,783 4,267,930 4,930,711 3,565,954 Cox, Long & Co. . . . . . . . 1,878,741 2,211,896 2,431,104 2,448,189 Graddon & Owens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,526,197 Railways, Steamship Lines and small Shippers . . . . . . . . . . . 13,795,180 13,736,236 16,251,439 16,883,870 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,819,167 109,370,764 103,473,220 117,806,766 Total Exports to Great - Britain and Continent. 101,543,392 106,603,976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total to South Africa. . . 4,011,701 2,637,407 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total to Australia, and New Zealand. . . . . . . . 264,074 129,381 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CANADIAN GOVERNMENT º/RAILWAYS INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND RAILWAY *** * * * | § Nº. *SW lº The Intercolonial is the only all-Canadian trunk line between Montreal and the Atlantic seaboard. Two express trains, the “Ocean Limited'’ daily, and the “Maritime Express” daily except Saturday, noted for excellence of sleeping and dining car service, are operated between the Canadian Metro- polis and Quebec, St. John, Halifax, with connections for the Sydneys and Prince Edward Island. The passenger service on the Canadian Government lines in pro- portion to the population served, is not equalled in America. The operation of fast through freights and the attention given to patrons of the railway give every satisfaction to freight shippers. []—O—[] FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION, APPLY DIST. PASS. AGENT'S OFFICE, ASS'T. GEN. FREIGHT AGENT'S OFFICE, Transportation Building, McGill Street, MONTREAL. M O N T R E A L. Table of Contents The Trade of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Improvements to the Port of Montreal... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Shipping Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Distances in Marine Miles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 The Dairy Industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 The Cheese Trade... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 The Butter Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Montreal the Leader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 The Export Grain Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 The Export Flour Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 The Export Hay Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 The Export Fruit Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 The Export Cured Meat Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 The Timber and Deal Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 CARTIER MEMORIAL. To be unveiled September 6th, 1914, on the occasion of the Centenary of the birth of Sir George Etienne-Cartier, Bart. White Star-Dominion Line ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS Montreal and Quebec to Liverpool, - Portland, Me., to Liverpool (Via Halifax Westbound) DOMINION LINE Montreal to Bristol, º tº tº. Portland, Me., to Bristol R.M.S. “ LAURENT1C '' (Triple Screw), 14,892 1 ons. FLEET of PASSENGER AND FREIGHT STEAMERs SS. Laurentic (Twin Screw) 14,892 Tons SS. Dominion (Twin Screw) 7,000 Tons SS. Megantic §§ §.3 14,778 Tons SS. Englishman (Twin Screw) 6,500 Tons SS. Teutonic (Twin Screw) 10,000 Tons SS. Cornishman (Twin Screw) 6,000 Tons SS. Canada (Twin Screw) 10,000 Tons SS. Welshman (Twin Screw) 6,000 Tons SS. Norseman (Twin Screw) 11,700 Tons SS. Turcoman (Twin Screw) 6,000 Tons SS. Irishman (Twin Screw). 11,700 Tons SS. Manxman (Twin Screw) 5,000 Tons Electric Light Saloons Amidships ſ Speed and Comfort The “LAURENTIC” and “MEGANTIC” are among the largest steamers in the Canadian Trade and afford every up-to-date facility for passengers in all classes. String Orchestras carried. The “TEUTONIC,” “ CANADA" and “DOMINION’ carry One Class Cabin (11) and Third Class Passengers. Cabin (11) passengers by these steamers have unrestricted use of the best accommodation on the ship at lower rates than prevail on vessels carrying Cabin passengers in two classes. 4Tet. Fººt . [S]º-Mººſ- $º. -, 2--~ * : * ~ * : * ºr . ...e. v . . , , , , , , ,- wºr sº-º: = x:-kººar ~ * *-r-º- In the Summer these steamers sail from Montreal and passengers thus have an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of the St. Lawrence, the full length of this majestic river from the Canadian Metropolis to the open sea. e. The steamers are large and fast and personal attention is given to the handling and storage of Eggs, Cheese, Butter, Apples and all cargo of a perishable nature. Steamers are fitted with Cool Air, Cold Storage and Fan Wentilated Chambers. Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of all Railways. For sailings and information, apply to the Railway Agents or Local Agents of the Company, or to - W. M. MACPHERson, 53 Dalhousie St., Que. White Star-Dominion Line, M. A. OVEREND, 118 Notre Dame St. West, Montreal. J. W. WILKINSON, 28 Wellington St. East, 1 India Street, Portland. G. D. LINDSAY, Toronto, Ont. ULSTER STEAMSHIP C O M P A NY, LIMITED G. HEYN & SONS, Managers, Belfast. HEAD LINE The following First Class Steamers are intended to continue the regular service between the undermentioned ports during the year 1914. REG. TONS REG. TONS Twin S.S. Rathlin Head - 6,754 S.S. Dunmore Head - - 2,293 Twin S.S. Torr Head - - 5,911 Orlock Head - ºm 1,952 S.S. Howth Head - - 5,000 Garron Head - mºn 1,932 Ramore Head - - 4,444 Black Head - - - 1,897 Carrigan Head - - 4,200 Teelin Head - * 1,718 Glenarm Head - - 3,908 Glen Head - - -> 1,600 Bray Head - - - 3,150 White Head - - * 1,145 Inishowen Head - – 3,050 Fair Head - - º 1,089 Bengore Head - - - 2,490 In Summer MONTREAL and QUEBEC to BELFAST and DUBLIN In Winter ST. JOHN, N.B., to BELFAST and DUBLIN A limited number of Cabin Passengers carried on above Steamers at moderate rates. Cargo booked through from all points in Canada and U.S. to United Kingdom and Russia. For Freight and all other particulars apply to:— G. HEYN & SONS, Belfast, Managers. Palgrave, Murphy & Co., Dublin G. & Forwood Heyn, 7 Chapel Street, Liverpool McLean, Kennedy & Co., Quebec William Thornson & Co., St. John, N.B. Fred C. Thompson, Board of Trade Building, Toronto J. D. Roth, Chicago Ross & Heyn, New Orleans J. Merrow & Co., Galveston Henry Muller, Riga P. Bornholdt & Co., Reval and St. Petersburg McLEAN, KENNEDY & CO. GENERAL CANADIAN AGENTS MONTREAL. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY'S T E L E G R A P H HAS EXCLUSIVE CONNECTION WITH THE Postal Telegraph Cable Company, Commercial Cable Company, Pacific Cable to Australia, Commercial Pacific Cable to China and Japan, R * . -- -. -º-* , •:-- -•i- *iº -º-.:: -:º* .s- * :~-;**.ºf +..- -s'--.: --: . *** % - ** ** º Kºł s º: A'i' * : C. P. R Y . TEL. CHA M BERS. MONT REAL Commercial-Havana Cable, Halifax-Bermuda Cable Company, Direct West India Cable Company, and {} The Dominion Government Telegraph gauway TO THE YUKON Thus reaching all important parts of the World. Telegrams filed on the European Continent should be marked “via Commercial Cable '' Money Orders Issued to all parts of Canada and United States Head Office, tº- Montreal. COR. S.T. FRANCOIS XAVIER & HOSPITAL STS. FEB 4 1915 COMMERCIAL REVIEW of the Season ending Dec. 4th 1914 Showing the EXPORT TRADE from the Port of Montreal IN CANADIAN PRODUCTS COMPILED BY THE COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT OF Clje (5a5ttte FOR TABLE OF CONTENTS SEE PAGE 1.83 ESTABLISHED 1778 SMEATON WHITE, President The Oldest Newspaper in the Dominion of Canada Clar (ſğazette MONTREAL Retains its position as the Leading Journal of the Dominion, in Char- acter, Standing, News Prestige and Influence SUBSCRIPTION : $6.00 A YEAR * Special Cable and Telegraphic News :: Exclusive and Reliable Financial News :: Impartial Sporting Reports :: Full Legal Reports :: Trustworthy Ship- ping Intelligence :: Authoritative Market Reports The Allan Line Steamship Co., Limed 1 8 19 © 1 9 14 -------- ---------------- - - - ----. .* : *- : $ in sº ** in it. *" ºf Sigi:cſ, NEW STEAMERS “ALSATIAN" AND “CALGARIAN,” 18,000 Tons Quadruple Screw's Turbine Engines S E R V J C E S SUMMER SEASON ! WINTER SEASON Montreal—Quebec—Liverpool Halifax, N.S.—Liverpool Montreal-Quebec. Glasgow, St. John, N.B. Liverpool Montreal-Quebec-Havre–London St. John, N.B.-Havre—London Boston—Glasgow Philadelphia St. John's, Nfd. Portland, Me-Glasgow Glasgow Boston, Mass.-Glasgow A L L A N L N E S E R V J C E FOR TRAVELLERS:-The Allan Line provides the most comfortable accommodation for all classes of passengers, Saloon travel on the new steamers “Alsatian '' and ‘‘ Calgarian '' is absolutely unsurpassed, whilst the reputation of the Line for comfort in 2nd and 3rd class accommodations has been long established. FOR SHIPPERS:-To shippers the Line offers splendid facilities for the safe and successful shipment of perishables, such as cheese, butter, fruits, etc. The refrigerating apparatus on Allan Line steamers is the most scientific and up-to-date. TURBINE ENGINES–BILGE KEELS-MARCON1 W1 RELESS—SUBMARINE SIGNALLING For Tickets and all Information, apply Local Agents, or H. & A. ALLAN # "...º.º. §§: Montreal *The Double Track Route THE PIONEER RAILWAY OF CANADA EACHES all important trade centres in Eastern Canada, the New England States, the State of Michigan, and through Chicago and connecting lines all points in the Western and Southern States, Western Canada and Pacific Coast Points. Fine Limited Trains operate via the Grand Trunk between Quebec, Montreal, Portland, Boston and New York in the East to Chicago in the West. Write for “Trains 3 and 4,” descriptive of the route. Unexcelled Road–Bed Courteous Employees AModern Equipment Superb Dining Car Service Electric Lighted Dining and Parlor Library Cars on Day Trains. Electric Lighted Pullman Sleeping Cars on Night Trains THE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED The train of Superior Service runs every day in the year between Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, London, Detroit and Chicago. Modern Equipment. Electric Lighted throughout. GRAND TRUNK PACIFIC RAILWAY Stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific is the embodiment of all the latest achievements in railway construction. This new transcontinental railway is opening up a vast country, rich in agricultural, timber and mineral resources and has provided an additional outlet for the grain and other products of Western Canada, as well as creating a new market for the manufactured products of the East. It will be the shortest route by several hundred miles between Europe and the Orient. G. T. BELL W, P., HINTON Passenger Traffic Manager Asst. Passenger Traffic Manager MONTREAL MONTREAL BANK OF MONTREAL IN CORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT ESTABLISHED 1817 IBIE AID OFFICE: MONTREAL CAPITAL PAID UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $16,000,000.00 REST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,000,000.00 UNDIVIDED PROFITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,232,669.42 BOARD OF DIRECTORS H. V. MEREDITH, ESQ., President R. B. ANGUS, ESQ. E. B. GREENSHIELDS, ESQ. SIR WILLIAM MACDONALD HoN. ROBERT MACKAY SIR THOMAS SHAUGHNESSY, K.C.V.O. DAVID MORRICE, ESQ. C. R. HOSMER, ESQ. A. BAUMGARTEN, ESQ. C. B. GORDON, ESQ. H. R. DRUMMOND ESQ. D. FORBES ANGUS, ESQ. WM. McMASTER, Esq. SIR FREDERICK WILLIAMS-TAYLOR, General Manager A. D. BRAITHWAITE, Assistant General Manager C. SWEENY, Supt. F. J. COCKBURN, Supt. E. P. WINSLow, Supt. British Columbia Branches Quebec Branches North West Branches D. R. CLARKE, Superintendent Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland Branches BRANCHES IN CANADA At all important cities and towns in the following Provinces PROVINCE OF ONTARIO PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND PROVINCE OF QUEBEC PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA BRANCHES OuTSIDE OF CANADA LONDON, ENG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, Threadneedle Street, E. C., G. C. Cassels, Manager & & ‘‘ SUB-AGENCY. . . . 9, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, S.W. NEW YORK, N.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, Wall Street, R. Y. Hebden, W. A. Bog, J. T. Molineux, Agents. CHICAGO, IL.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, South LaSalle Street. SPOKANE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State of Washington. ST. JOHN 'S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newfoundland. CURLING... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newfoundland. GRAND FALLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newfoundland. MEXICO CITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mexico, D.F. BANKERS IN GREAT BRITAIN LONDON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bank of England. The Union of London and Smith's Bank, Limited. London County and Westminster Bank, Limited. The National Provincial Bank of England, Limited. LIVERPOOL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bank of Liverpool, Limited. SCOTLAND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The British Linen Bank and Branches. BANKERS IN THE UNITED STATES NEW YORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The National City Bank. National Bank of Commerce. National Park Bank PHILADELPHIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Street National Bank. ST. LOUIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Mechanics-American National Bank. BOSTON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Merchants National Bank. CLEVELAND. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The First National Bank of Cleveland. PITTSBURG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Bank of Pittsburg, N.A. DETROIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The First and Old Detroit National Bank. BUFFALO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Manufacturers' and Traders National Bank. SAN FRANCISCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . First National Bank of San Francisco. The Anglo and London-Paris National Bank. MINNEAPOLIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northwestern National Bank. SEATTLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seattle National Bank. ST. PAUL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . First National Bank of St. Paul. Savings Departments connected with each Canadian Branch and interest allowed at current rates. Collections at all points of the World undertaken at most favourable rates. Travellers' Cheques, Limited Cheques and Travellers' Letters of Credit issued negotiable in all parts of the World. This Bank with its Branches at every important point in Canada offers exceptional facilities for the transaction of a general Banking business, The Bank of Nova Scotia INCORPORATED 1832 CAPITAL PAID UP RESERVE FUND TOTAL ASSETS OVER $6,500,000 $11,900,000 $90,000,000 HEAD OFFICE t_ H A LIFA X BOARD OF DIRECTORS JOHN Y. PAYzANT, President CHAs. ARCHIBALD, Vice-President G. S. CAMPBELL J. WALTER ALLISON HECTOR MCIN NES, K.C. HON. N. CURRY J. H. PLUMMER RobT. E. HARRIs, K.C. JAS. MANCHESTER W. W. WHITE, M.D. GENERAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES: TORONTO H. A. RICHARDSON, General Manager D. WATERs, Asst. Gen. Manager J. A. McLEOD, Supt. of Branches E. CROCKETT, Supt. of Branches C. D. SCHURMAN, Chief Inspector BRANCHES IN CANADA 29 in NOVA SCOTIA 10 in QUEBEC 7 in PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND 34 in NEW BRUNSWICK 65 in ONTARIO 14 in WESTERN PROVINCES NEW FOUNDLAND BAY ROBERTS BELL ISLAND |BONAVISTA BONNE BAY BRIGUS BURIN CARBONEAR FOGO GRAND BANK HARBOR GRACE St. JoHN's Twill INGATE WESLEYVILLE WEST INDIES CUBA: Havana (two offices) PORTO Rico: San Juan JAMAICA: Black River, Kingston, Mandeville, Montego Bay, Port Antonio, Port Maria, St. Ann's Bay, Savanna- la-Mar. UNITED STATES NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON CORRESPONDENTS GREAT BRITAIN: London Joint Stock Bank Limited and Royal Bank of Scotland. FRANCE: Credit Lyonnais. UNITED STATES: Bank of New York, N. B. A., New York ; First National Bank, Chicago; Fourth Street National Bank, Philadelphia; Merchants National Bank, Boston ; Citizens National Bank, Baltimore ; First National Bank, Minneapolis; Canadian Bank of Commerce, San Fran- 1SCO. C15C Special facilities for making prompt collections on Canada, Newfoundland and the West Indies THE MOLSONS BANK INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, 1855 Capital Paid Up - - $4,000,000 Reserve Fund tº E- 4,800,000 HEAD OFFICE - MONTREAL ED WARD C. PRATT - General Manager W. H. DRAPER, Superintendent of Branches E. W. WAUD, Inspector BRANCHES Alberta Ontario—Con. Ontario—Con. Quebec—Con. Calgary Forest St. Thomas Montreal—St. James St. Camrose Formosa ‘‘ East End Branch “ St. Catherine St. Br'ch Edmonton Frankford Teeswater “ Market & Harbor “ Lethbridge Hamilton Toronto—Queen St. & “ Maisonneuve $ tº British Columbia “Market Br'ch Beaconsfield Ave. “ St. Henri § { Revelstoke Hensall Trenton - “ Cote des Neiges & a Vancouver Highgate Wales “ St. Lawrence Blvd. “ “ East End Iroquois Waterloo ‘‘ Cote St. Paul & # Manitoba Kingsville West Toronto “ Park & Bernard Ave. “ Winnipeg Kirkton Williamsburg “ Tetreaultville 4 & “ Portage Ave, Lambton Mills Woodstock Pierreville Ontario London Zurich Quebec Alvinston Lucknow Quebec “ Upper Town Branch Amherstburg Meaford Arthabaska Richmond : Aylmer Merlin Bedford Roberval Belleville Morrisburg Chicoutinni Sorel Berlin Norwich Cowansville Sutton Brockville Ottawa Drummondville St. Cesaire Chesterville Owen Sound Foster Ste. Marie Beauce Clinton Port Arthur Fraserville & Riviere St. Ours Delhi Ridgetown du Loup Station Ste.Therese de Blainville Drumbo Simcoe Knowlton Victoriaville Dutton Smiths Falls Lachine Ville St. Pierre Exeter St. Mary's Mont-Joli Waterloo (Jhe ſºugal (Urugt (Jug. C A P IT A L Capital Fully Paid, * * $1,000,000 Reserve Fund, - * - $1,000,000. BOARD OF DIRECTORS H. V. Meredith, President. Sir William C. Van Horne, K.C.M.G., Vice-President Sir H. Montagu Allan C. B. Gordon Hon. R. Mackay R. B. Angus Hon. Sir Lomer Gouin David Morrice A. Baumgarten K.C.M.G. Sir. T. G. Shaughnessy, A. D. Braithwaite E. B. Greenshields K.C.V.O. H. R. Drummond C. R. Hosmer Sir Frederick Sir W. C. Macdonald Williams-Taylor A. E. Holt, Manager Office and Safety Deposit Vaults, 107 St. James Street, MONTREAL IMPERIAL BANK OF CANADA ESTABLISHED 1875 HEAD OFFICE - TORONTO Capital paid up - * > gº $ 7,000,000 Reserve Fund - º gº 7,000,000 Total Assets Over *g tº- 81,000,000 DIRECTORS Hon. ROBERT JAFFRAY, President PELEG. HOWLAND, Vice-President Wm. Ramsay, of Bowland, Stow, Scotland, Elias Rogers, J. Kerr Osborne, Cawthra Mulock, Hon. Richard Turner (Quebec), Wm. Hamilton Merritt, M.D. (St. Cath- arines), W. J. Gage, Sir J. A. M. Aikins, K.C., M.P. (Winnipeg). BRANCHES IN THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO, QUEBEC, MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN, ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. AGENTS:—ENGLAND: Lloyd's Bank, Limited. SCOTLAND: Commercial Bank of Scotland Limited. FRANCE: Crédit Lyonnais. UNITED STATES: Bank of the Manhattan Company, NEW YORK. Information ~furnished regarding Canadian Securities and Investments. Special facilities for the transfer of monies to all parts of Canada. Letters of Credit, Drafts and Travellers' Cheques issued, available in all parts of the world. -- Special attention given to collections. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT at all Branches; Interest allowed on deposits at current rates. * A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. E. HAY, General Manager WM. MOFFAT, Assistant General Manager THE MERCHANTS’ BANK OF CANADA ESTABLISHED 1864 Head Office, - º MONTREAL CAPITAL PAID UP - - - $7,000,000 (£1,438,356) Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits $7,248,134 (£1,489,343) President—SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN Vice-President—K. W. BLACKWVELL. E. F. HEBDEN, General Manager. & T. E. MERRETT, Supt. of Branches and Chief Inspector. D. C. MACAROW, Manager Montreal Branch. BRANCHES AND AGENCIES: ONTARIO Acton Elora Kingston Ottawa Toronto Alvinston Finch Lancaster Owen Sound ‘‘ WellingtonSt. Athens ord Lansdowne Perth ‘‘ Dundas St. Belleville Fort William Leamington Prescott ** Parkdale Berlin Galt Little Current Preston ** Parliament St. Bothwell Gananoque London Renfrew Walkerton Brampton Georgetown London East Sarnia Walkerville Brantford Glencoe Luca n Stratford Wallaceburg Bronte Gore Bay Lyn St. Catharines Watford Chatham Granton Markdale St. Eugene West Lorne Chatsworth Guelph Meaford St. George Westport Chesley Hamilton Mildmay St. Thomas Wheatley Clarkson ‘‘ East End Mitchell Tara Williamstown Creemore Hanover Napanee Thamesville Windsor Delta Hespeler Newbury Thorold Yarker Eganville Ingersoll Oakville Tilbury Elgin Kincardine Orillia QUEBEC Montreal—(Head Office, St. James St. Chateauguay Basin Rigaud 4 tº 1255 St. Catherine St. E. Huntingdon Shawville § { 320 St. Catherine St. W. Lachine Sherbrooke & 4 1330 St. Lawrence Boul. Maisonneuve Ste. Agathe & 4 1866 St. Lawrence Boul. Napierville St. Jerome 4 & 672 Centre St. * Ormstown St. Johns * { St. Denis & St. Zoticlue Sts. Quebec St. Jovite Beauharnois ‘‘ St. Sauveur w Three Rivers ury Quyon Vaudreuil NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK Halifax New Glasgow St. John MANITOBA Brandon Hartney Napinka Port. la Prairie Starbuck Carberry MacGregor Neepawa Russell Winnipeg Gladstone Morris Oak Lake Souris ‘‘ Bann. Ave. ALB ERTA Acme Daysland . Hughenden Strome Brooks Delburne Islay Tofield Calgary Donalda Killam Trochu ‘‘ 2nd St. E. Edgerton Lacombe Vegreville Camrose Edmonton uc . Viking Carstairs ‘‘ Alberta Ave. Lethbridge Wainwright Castor. . Athabasca Ave Mannville etaskiwin Chauvin ‘‘ Namayo Ave. Medicine Hat West Edmonton Coronation Edson Munson SASKATC HE WAN Antler Frobisher Kisbey Moose Jaw Shaunavon Arcola Gull Lake Limerick Oxbow Unity Battleford Gainsborough Maple Creek Regina Whitewood Carnduff Humboldt Melville Saskatoon BRITISH COLUMBIA Chilliwack Elko Ganges Harbour Nanaimo . New Westminster Oak Bay Sidney Vancouver (Granville St.) Vancouver (Hastings St.) Victoria Sub-Agencies—ONTARIO, Addison, Beachville, Calabogie, Frankville, Hawkestone, London South, Lyndhurst, Muirkirk, Newington, Pelee Island. MANITOBA, Austin, Griswold, Lauder, Sidney, ALBERTA, Botha, Czar, SASKATCHEWAN, Dollard, MacNutt. |UNITED STATES-New York—63 and 65 Wall Street. Agents in GREAT BRITAIN:—The Igº Jºint Stock Bank, Limited; the Royal Bank of CO Clarl Cl. A General Banking Business Transacted. Interest at 3 per cent. per annum allowed on SAVINGS BANK D EPOSITS of $1.00 and upwards. Commercial Letters of Credit issued available in China, Japan and other Foreign Countries. Travellers’ Letters of Credit and Cheques issued, available in all Parts of the World. Drafts sold available in any city or banking town in the United Kingdom or the United States. Particular attention given to Emigrants’ business, DOMINION BANK HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO, CANADA Capital Paid Up tº gº tº- $ 5,998,000 Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits 7,800,000 Total Assets - gº ſº tº- 78,000,000 SIR EDMUND B. OSLER, M.P., President CLARENCE A. Bogert, General Manager EXPORTERS of Grain, Cattle, Cheese and all Produce offered special facilities. FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD LETTERS OF CREDIT Travellers' and Commercial Letters of Credit and Travellers' Cheques issued. MONTREAL BRANCH tº M. S. BOGERT, Manager STUDENTS, SCHOLARS, CLERKS, APPRENTICES, YOUNG MEN DEPOSIT YOUR SAVINGS WITH The Montreal City and District Savings Bank HEAD OFFICE AND 14 BRANCHES IN MONTREAL ESTABLISHED 1846 DIRECTORS:—Hon. J. Ald. Quimet, Pres. ; Hon. Robert Mackay, Vice- Pres. ; Richard Bolton, Robert Archer, Hon. R. Dandurand, G. N. Moncel, Hon. Charles J. Doherty, Hon. Sir Lomer Gouin, Donald A. Hingston, M.D., F. W. Molson. THE ONLY BANK incorporated under the Savings Bank Act doing business in the City of Montreal. Its charter (different from that of all other Banks) ENSURES EVERY POSSIBLE PROTECTION to Depositors. Its CHIEF OBJECT is to receive and to SAFELY INVEST SAVINGS, however moderate, of the widow, orphan, scholar, clerk or apprentice, of the young people, and the working, industrial and agricultural classes. Every courtesy and attention will be shown to you, whether your account be large or small. A. P. LESPERANCE, Manager ASK FOR ONE OF OUR “ HOME SAVINGS BANKS. ** IT WILL HELP YOU TO SAVE. The Bank of British North America ESTABLISHED IN 1836 INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER IN 1840 Paid Up Capital * cº º * $4,866,666 Reserve Fund - * * 3,017,333 HEAD OFFICE–5 Gracechurch Street, London, E.C. JACKSON DODDS, Secretary W. S. GOLD BY, Manager COURT OF DIRECTORS E. A. HOARE E. G. HOARE F. R. S. BALFOUR J. H. BRODIE J. H. MAYNE CAMPBELL FREDERIC LUB BOCK GEO. D. WHAT MAN C. W. TOM KINSON HEAD OFFICE IN CANADA—ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL H. B. MACKENZIE, General Manager J. ANDERSON, Supt. of Branches H. A. HARVEY, Supt. of Eastern Branches, Montreal J. McEACHERN, Supt. of Central Branches, Winnipeg O. R. ROWLEY, Chief Inspector J. H. GILLARD, A. S. HALL, and N. V. R. H U US, Inspectors B. C. GARDNER, H. R. POWELL, Asst. Inspectors BRANCHES IN CANADA Agassiz, B.C. Alexander, Man. Ashcroft, B.C. Battleford, Sask. Bella Coola, B.C. Belmont, Man Bobcaygeon, Ont. Boucherville, P.Q. Bow Island, Alta. Brandon, Man. Brantford, Ont. Bromhead, Sask. Burdett, Alta. Cainsville, Ont. Calgary, Alta. Campbellford, Ont. Ceylon, Sask. Darlingford, Man. Davidson, Sask. Dawson, Yukon. Duck Lake, Sask. Duncan, B.C. Edmonton, Alta. Esquimalt, B.C. Estevan, Sask. Fenelon Falls, Ont. Fort George, B.C. Fredericton, N.B. Girvin, Sask. Halifax, N.S. , Hamilton, Ont. “ Victoria Ave. § { Hedley, B.C. NEW YORK 52 Wall Street Agents| CHICAGO—Merchants Loan & Trust Co. Westinghouse Ave. W. T. Oliver P. C. Harrison Ituna, Sask. Kandahar, Sask. Kaslo, B.C. Kelliher, Sask. Kerrisdale, B.C. Kingston, Ont. Lampman, Sask. Lillooet, B.C. London, Ont. London, Market Sq. Longueuil, P.Q. . Lytton, B.C. Macleod, Alta. Midland, Ont. Montreal, P.Q. “ St. Catherine Street. “ Rosemount. Mount Dennis, Ont. North Battleford, Sask. North Vancouver, B.C. Oak River, Man. 150 Mile House, B.C. Ottawa, Ont. Prince Rupert, B.C. Punnichy, Sask. Quebec, P.Q. Quebec, St. John's Gate. Quesnel, B.C. Raymore, Sask. Regina, Sask. Reston, Man. Rhein, Sask. Rossland, B.C. Rosthern, Sask. St. Catharines, Ont. St. John, N.B. St. John, N.B., Haymarket Square. St. John, N.B., Union St. St. Stephen, N.B. Saltcoats, Sask. Saskatoon, Sask. Selkirk, Man. Semans, Sask. Toronto, Ont. Toronto, Ont., Bloor and Lansdowne. Toronto, Ont., King and Dufferin Sts. Toronto, Ont., Queen St. and Beech Ave. Toronto, Ont., Royce Ave, Trail, B.C. Vancouver, B.C. Varennes, P.Q. Verdun, P.Q. Victoria, B.C. Victoria, James Bay. Wakaw, Sask. Waldron, Sask. West Toronto, Ont. Weston, Ont. Winnipeg, Man. Winnipeg, McGregor and Selkirk Ave. Wynyard, Sask. Yorkton, Sask, AGENCIES IN UNITED STATES, ETC. SAN FRANCISCO A t { 264 California Street “***\A. S. Ireland BOSTON.—Merchants National Bank A. G. Fry MINNeapolis-secºgg National Bank PORTLAND, ORE.--Ladd & Tilton ATTLE-Dexter Holton National Bank. FOREIGN AGENTS-LONDON BANKERS–The Bank of England, Messrs. Glyn & Co. LIVERPOOL–Bank of Liverpool, Limited. SCOTLAND–National Bank of Scot- IRELAND–Provincial Bank of Ireland, Limited, and land, Limited, and Branches. Branches; National Bank, Limited, and Branches. Australia, Limited. NEW ZEALAND–Union Bank of Australia, Limited. INDIA, CHINA and JAPAN–Mercantile Bank of India, Limited. Bank. FRANCE—Crédit Lyonnais. West Indies. AUSTRAL IA—Union Bank of WEST INDIES-Colonial Agents in Canada for Colonial Bank, London and Drafts, Money Orders, Circular Letters of Credit and Travellers’ Cheques issued, negotiable in all Parts of the World. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT AT ALL BRANCHES The Royal Bank of Canada INCORPORATED 1869 Head Office, - tº MONTREAL H. S. HOLT, President. E. L. PEASE, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man. Capital Authorized * = {- $ 25,000,000 Capital Paid Up †- Es 11,560,000 Reserves - * = . *g tºº 13,000,000 Total Assets gº tºº tº 180,000,000 340 BRANCHES THROUGHOUT CANADA 28 BRANCHES IN CUBA, PORTO RICO AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BRANCHES IN BRITISH WEST INDIES BAHAMAS, Nassau; BARBADOS, Bridgetown; GRENADA, St. George's; JAMAICA, Kingston; TRINIDAD, Port of Spain and San Fernando; BRITISH GUIANA, Georgetown and New Amsterdam ; BRITISH HONDURAS, Belize. LONDON NEW YORK Princes St., E.C. William and Cedar Streets A G E N E R A L. B A N K I N G B U S I N E S S T R A N S A C T E D Established 1841 The Mercantile Agency R. G. DUN & CO. sº sº sº-> 236 offices throughout the world. sº sº ºn 17 in Canada as follows: MONTREAL HALIFAX, N.S. LETHBRIDGE, SASK. TORONTO ST. JOHN, N.B. MOOSE JAW, SASK. OTTAWA WINNIPEG REGINA, SASK. QUEBEC . EDMONTON, ALTA. SASKATOON, SASK. HAMILTON CALGARY, ALTA. VANCOUVER, B.C. LONDON FORT WILLIAM, ONT. VICTORIA, B.C. T. H. FLEET District Manager gº tº º ge Montreal The Canadian Bank of Commerce HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO Capital Paid up ALEX. LAIRD, General Manager $15,000,000 Reserve & º ſº $13,500,000 SIR EDMUND WALKER, C.V.O., LL.D., D.C.L., President JOHN AIRD, Asst. General Manager Danville Dixville Dunham East Angus East Hatley Eastman Farnham Frelighsburg Granby Hemmingford Henryville Howick Huntingdon Iberville Joliette Knowlton Lacolle Dundas Dunnville Exeter Forest Fort Frances Fort William Galt Goderich Grimsby Guelph Hamilton Ingersoll Kingston Lindsay Gleichen Granum Grouard Hanna Hardisty Highland High River Innisfail Inisfree Kitscoty Elbow Elfros Gilroy Hafford Hawarden Herbert Humboldt Kamsack Kerrobert Kincaid Kindersley Laird Elkhorn Gilbert Plains Grandview Fernie Golden Grand Forks Greenwood Kamloops Kelowna Keremeos BRANCHES IN CANADA (3 offices) West Sudbury Thedford Tillsonburg Toronto (18 offices) Walkerton Walkerville Waterloo Wiarton Windsor Wingham Woodstock Strathcona Strathmore aber Vegreville Vermilion Vulcan & Warner. . Wetaskiwin Youngstown Swift Current Tugaske Wadena Watrous atson Weyburn Wilcox Willow Bunch Wiseton Yellowgrass Yorkton Treherne Virden Winnipeg (7 offices) Salmon Arm South Hill Summerland Vancouver (10 offices) eIIl OIl Victoria (4 offices) Acton Vale Asbestos Ayer's Cliff Bedford Beebe Beloeil Beloeil Station 1C Bishop's Crossing Brome Clarenceville Chambly Basin Chicoutimi Coaticook Compton Cookshire Cowansville Ayr . Barrie Belleville Berlin Blenheim Brantford Brockville Cayuga Chatham Cobalt Collingwood Cornwall Crediton Dresden Athabasca Landing Bassano Bawlf Calgary (4 offices) Carmangay Champion Claresholm Coleman Crossfield Edmonton Admiral Bengough Biggar Blaine Lake Briercrest Broderick Canora Central Butte Cudworth Delisle Drinkwater Edam, Brandon Carman Dauphin Elgin Chilliwack Comox Courtenay Cranbrook Creston Cumberland Duncan YUKON Dawson White Horse NEW BRUNSWICK Campbellton Fredericton Moncton St. John New York in Mexico Mexico City The Bank of England The Union of London and Smith's Bank, Limited ... A general banking business transacted. . Sterling exchange bought and sold. credit issued, available in all parts of the world. Savings Bank Department: Interest allowed on deposits. Montreal Branch: H. B. WALKER, Manager Portland, Ore. QUEBEC Lawrenceville Lennoxville Magog Mansonville Marbleton Marieville Megantic Montreal (6 offices) icolet North Hatley Ormstown Philipsburg Pointe aux Trembles Quebec (2 offices) Richmond imouski ONTARIO London Madoc Niagara Falls Orangeville Oshawa Qttawa (2 offices) Paris Parkhill Parry Sound Peterboro Port Arthur Port Colborne Port McNicoll Port Perry ALBERTA Lake Saskatoon Lethbridge Lougheed Macleod Medicine Hat Milk River Mirror Monarch Monitor Nanton SASKATC HEWAN Langham Lanigan Lashburn Lewvan Lloydminster Marcelin Melfort Melville Milestone Moose Jaw Moosomin Morse MANITOBA Le Pas Neepawa Portage la Prairie BRITISH COLUMBIA Ladysmith Mission City Nakusp Nanaimo Naramata Nelson New Westminster Rock Island Roxton Falls St. Armand Station St. Chrysostome St. Felix de Valois St. Ferdinand de Halifax St. Gabriel de Brandon St. George, Beauce St. Hyacinthe St. Johns St. Joseph de Beauce St. Philippe de Laprairie St. Remi Port Stanley Rainy River St. Catharines (2 offices) St. Thomas Sarnia Sault Ste. Marie (2 offices) Seaforth Simcoe Smith's Falls South Porcupine Stratford Strathroy Olds Peace River Crossing Pincher Creek Ponoka Provost Red Deer Rockyford Stavely Stony Plain Nokomis North Battleford Outlook Prince Albert Radisson Radville Readlyn Regina Saskatoon (2 offices) Shaunavon Shellbrook Rivers . Swan River Transcona Parksville Penticton Phoenix Prince Rupert Princeton Revelstoke Rock Creek PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Alberton Charlottetown Amherst Antigonish Barrington Bridgewater In the United States In Great Britain San Francisco Montague Souris NOVA SCOTIA Halifax Middleton New Glasgow Parrsboro Seattle London, 2 Lombard Street, E.C. Bankers in Great Britain : The Bank of Scotland Lloyds Bank, - Parr's Bank, Summerside Springhill Sydney Truro Windsor In Newfoundland St. John's Limited Limited Travellers’ letters of CANADIAN NORTHERN “Ocean to Ocean in 1915" Freight and Passenger Service to all important business centres in Canada. Terminal facilities at Port Arthur for handling Grain, Coal and Package Freight unexcelled on the Lakes C. N. R. Station, Winnipeg, Man. Canadian Northern Steamships Limited BRISTOL to CANADA The Best Line for Package Freight Rates and information promptly supplied by any C.N.R. Agent or the General Freight Department, Toronto, Ont., Montréal, Que., Winnipeg, Man., Halifax, N.S., London, England. GEO. H. SHAW General Traffic Manager Toronto, Ont. EXPORT TRADE FROM THE |PORT OF MONTREAL SEASON 1914 Gazette Building, Montreal Showing the Foreign Business in CANA DIAN PRODUCTS COMPILED BY THE COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT OF (Ulpe (§azette S. S. “MANCHESTER CITY,” 8,600 TONS Manchester Liners, Limited THE ONLY DIRECT AND REGULAR LINE BET WEEN CAN A D A A N D M A N C H E S T E R First-class Service of modern freight steamers under special contract with the Dominion Government. Steamers are fitted with Cold Storage accommodation for perishable products. Summer Service from Montreal and Quebec Winter Service from St. John, N.B., and Halifax, N.S. The object of this line is to develop the Canadian Trade with Manchester, which is the centre of about 7,500,000 people—one of the largest markets in the world. Shippers throughout Canada are meeting with success even beyond their expectations. FURNESS LINE from FOWEY to THREE Rivers and MonTREAL FURNESS LINE MONTREAL TO HULL THROUGH BILL OF LADING GRANTED TO AND FROM ALL WESTERN POINTS FURNESS, WITHY & CO., Limited, GENERAL AGENTS, MONTREAL | The Trade of Canada i * r *-mºr ws * * Fººm' wº * * * * ** * * * HE year 1914 will long be memorable as that of the Great War which in a moment convulsed the financial markets of the world, dislocated commerce, and caused wide-spread devastation and suffering. No country has been free from its consequences, but probably mone has been afflicted thereby in a less degree than Canada. The year opened with conditions unfavorable, the reaction from a lengthened period of rapid development and general prosperity having set in. Specula- tion which had become rampant was checked. Stock market values which had reached high figures, moving up year by year, had begun to recede. Imports were reduced. The Lon- don money market was less available to borrowers, and only securities of the highest class found a ready sale. Building construction was arrested, and a slowing down process was in evidence in all branches of business. Then in the early part of August came the War, precipitating a financial crisis which only the prompt action of the Dominion Government con- currently with that of the British Government, mitigated and held in check until an adjustment to the new conditions and problems could be made. Stock Exchanges throughout the world were closed and at the time of writing remain so. Trade with Germany and Austria ceased. For a short period, indeed, over-seas commerce between Canada and the United States and Europe was at a standstill, until the dominancy of the British fleet was conclusively established, and trade routes opened with safety to the mercantile marine. By October somewhat normal trade conditions were restored, and as the year closed a re- Sumption of customary commerce between America and Europe, outside Germany and Austria, was established. The import trade of Canada from April 1st to November 1st, declined from $390,544,000 in 1913 to $286,801,000 this year, while the export trade of domestic produce fell, in the same period, from $245,549,000 to $226,757,000. Immigration, which was fairly satisfactory in the first half of the year, has dwindled 16 THE TRADE OF CANADA almost to the vanishing point since the outbreak of the war so far as European countries are concerned, though we may expect a continuance of the movement of United States farmers to the Northwest. The harvest was a good average east of Lake Superior in all the provinces, but dis- appointing in the Northwest where the yield of wheat decreased from 205,000,000 bushels in 1913 to 134,128,000 bushels accord- ing to Government returns, and to 140,000,000 bushels accord- ing to other estimates. Taking the former figures, the shortage amounts to about 35 per cent, but this loss has been in great measure, if not wholly, made up by the higher prices prevailing this year, the price of wheat in Winnipeg having been, per bushel — 1913. 1914. October 1st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82% c $1.07% October 15th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80C 1.11% October 31st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83C 1.17 November 15th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S4C 1.18% So that against a loss of 35 per cent. in production, we have an increase of 35 to 40 per cent. in price. - The financial position in Canada has been a strong one throughout, and at no time was difficulty experienced in obtain- ing from the banks the accommodation necessary to the Con- duct of legitimate business. At the close of the year the banking situation was especially favorable, cash reserves and liquid assets being at their highest point, while public deposits had again begun to increase, note circulation was large, and customers able to secure all the aid warranted by the condition of trade. Building operations were generally suspended as the year ad- vanced, and no new railway construction was undertaken, in consequences of the practical closing of the London money market to company flotations. Imports, bank clear- ings, railway earnings have all contracted, somewhat sharply and heavily, as the figures presented in the Succeeding pages will show. There are, however, bright spots in the situation. Business mortality has not been at all alarmingly large, although greater than for several years past as might be expected, the number of insolvencies in the first nine months THIE TRADE OF CAN AIDA. 17 of the year having been 1,942 with liabilities of $17,421,689, as compared with 1,214 failures and liabilities of $12,798,534 in the preceding year. Crop prospects cannot, of course, be determined at this time, but it is satisfactory to learn that a much larger area will be sown to wheat, the area estimated in the five fall wheat provinces being 1,294,000 acres, compared with the area sown in 1913 of 1,184,800 acres and the area harvested this year of 973,300 acres. The acreage sown for 1915 represents a net increase over that sown for 1914 of 9-2 per cent. Last year the acreage sown was reported as 7-37 per cent. less than in 1912. The bulk of the fall wheat crop is grown in Ontario, where, this year, the estimate is for 1,043,000 acres, as compared with 898,000 acres, the area sown in the fall of 1913. The increase under fall wheat for Ontario therefore is in the ratio of about 16 per cent. For the spring wheat crop an increased area running as high as 40 per cent. has been estimated. Agricultural conditions in the older provinces are, indeed, excellent, farmers are generally prosperous, and after all farming is the back-bone of the Country. Exports, too, are well maintained, and the adverse balance of trade, the wide gap between imports and exports which has existed for several years past, is being closed up. Moreover, stocks of merchandise the Dominion over are not excessive, so that when a turn in the tide comes the rebound promises to be speedy. Transportation interests, both rail and water, have been bene- fited by the large shipments of grain to Europe through the port of Montreal, the volume being much in excess of any previous year and carried during the last five months of the season at remunerative rates. Manufacturing industries, in many lines, have been greatly aided by large Orders for army purposes placed by both British and French governments, and these are expected to continue during the duration of the war. So that the new year is entered upon with the banks in strong position, having ample resources; with a firm under-current of confidence in the soundness and stability of Canadian trade; with a steady development of natural resources and exportable products proceeding; with a generally well-to-do agricultural 1S THE TRADE OF CAN AIDA population, enjoying high prices for their products; and although an immediate revival of trade and activity is not anticipated, the conclusion of peace in Europe is confidently relied upon to again usher Canada into a period of progress and prosperity. - FOREIGN TRADE. In the last fiscal year, ending March 31st, 1914, the foreign trade of Canada reached its highest proportions, a decline in the value of imports being more than offset by an increase in the value of exports. A recession in imports Set in during the autumn of 1913. The London money market was less favor- able to Canadian flotations, which were closely scrutinized and frequently rejected, and this great source of loans being con- tracted a reaction in Canadian trade and development ensued, with a corresponding decrease in imports. The figures for the two last fiscal years follow :— 1913. 1914. Merchandise entered for consumption. . . $670,000,189 $618,328,874 Merchandise, domestic—exported . . . . . . . 355,754,600 431,589,658 Total merchandise, for consumption and domestic exported . . . . . . . . . 1,025,754,789 1,049,918,532 Coin and bullion entered for Consumption 5,427,979 15,235,305 Coin and bullion eXported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,163,702 23,559,485 Merchandise, foreign—exported . . . . . . . . 21,313,755 23,848,785 Grand total, Canadian trade. . . . . . . . $1,068,660,225 $1,112,562,107 Analysing these returns, we find that of the total import of merchandise in 1914, dutiable goods accounted for $410,- 130,474 and free goods for $208,198,400, while the import of coin and bulliºn was $15,235,305, or about $10,000,000 more than in the preceding year. The gain in exports was prin- cipally in the item of agricultural produce due to the excellent harvest in 1913. There was also an increased export of animals and their produce, of fishery products, and of manufactures. The figures in detail of exports are:— - TIHE TRADE OF CAN AIDA. 19 1913. 1914. - Domestic. Foreign. Domestic. JForeign. The Mine . . . . . . . . . $ 57,442,546 $ 140,484 $ 59,039,054 $ 194,852 The Fisheries . . . . 16,336,721 106,101 20,623,560 111,289 The FOrest . . . . . . . 43,255,060 424,563 42,792,137 593,950 Animals and their produce . . . . . 44,784,593 988,634 53,349,119 1,262,953 Agriculture . . . . . . . 150,145,661 8,810,034 198,220,029 8,595,689 Manufactures . . . . . 43,692,708 8,832,374 57,443,452 10,158,786 Miscellaneous . . . . . 97,311 2,011,565 121,088 2,931,266 Total merchandise $355,754,600 $ 21,313,755 $431,588,439 $23,848,785 CO in and bullion . . $ . . . . . . . . . $ 16,163,702 $ 1,219 $23,559,485 Grand total, exports . . . $355,754,600 $ 37,477,457 $431,589,658 $47,408,27 ) Much the largest proportion of foreign trade continues to be with the United States, Great Britain ranking next. From the United States we purchased last year goods to the value of $410,786,091, and sold that country Canadian produce to the amount of $163,373,840, so that more than one-half Our foreign trade was with the neighbouring country. From Great Britain we bought to the value of $131,942,763, and sold to the value of $215,254,023 of Canadian products. The trade with these two countries thus compares, the figures including both foreign and domestic goods:— Imports From Exports TO G. B. U. S. G. B. |U. S. 1913. . . . . . . $138,659,400 $441,155,800 $177,982,000 $167,110,380 1914. . . . . . . 131,942,760 410,786,000 222,322,700 200,459,300 It will be observed from these figures that the total trade with the United States increased from $608,266,000 in 1913 to $611,245,000 in 1914, while that with Great Britain rose from $316,641,000 to $354,265,000, the gain being much larger in the case of the latter country. The following table shows the foreign trade movement during a series of years:— 20 THE TRADE OF CAN A.D.A. Exports. Canadian Foreign TOtal Years. —Innport.S.— Produce. Produce. Trade. 1906. . . . . . . . . . . $290,360,807 $235,483,956 $21,102,674 $546,947,437 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . 354,500,894 226,512,063 31,659,611 612,672,568 1908. . . . . . . . . . . 358,428,616 246,960,968 33,045,638 638,435,222 1909. . . . . . . . . . . 298,205,957 242,603,586 18,908,573 559,718,116 1910. . . . . . . . . . . 375,833,016 279,247,551 22,110,978 677,191,545 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . 461,951,318 274,316,553 22,879,812 759,147,683 1912. . . . . . . . . . . 547,482,190 290,223,857 25,093,393 862,799,440 1913. . . . . . . . . . . 675,428,168 355,754,600 37,477,457 1,068,660,225 1914. . . . . . . . . . . 633,564,179 431,589,658 47,408,270 1,112,562,107 In the short period of eight years the foreign trade of Canada rather more than doubled, a truly remarkable expan- sion, and it is small wonder that a reaction should have set in concurrently with a contraction of trade the world over. Canadian trade with other countries than Great Britain and the United States in the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1914, was as follows:— Inn ports Fronn |Exports To South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 477,823 $3,834,592 West Indies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,347,310 4,489,869 Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713,111 4,705,666 New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,192,900 1,935,876 Hong Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,010,521 1,882,281 Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,841,351 4,770,200 Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,603,128 2,135,273 Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,491,126 4,819,843 Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,952,887 1,828,521 . France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,276,378 3,810,562 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,586,223 - 4,433,736 Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,015,456 5,508,806 Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773,021 . 378,824 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,604,216 1,589,067 Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482,809 1,370,093 India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,006,309 394,697 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,090,387 655,256 Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,314,805 46,715 Some of this trade has been temporarily terminated by the war, such as that with Germany, Austria and Belgium, which last year amounted to about $30,000,000, an item of conse- quence. º, Since the close of the last fiscal year there has been a further recession in foreign trade, the decline in imports being large and in exports moderate during the seven months ending October 31st. Imports in this period were:— TIII: TRAIDE OF CAN AIDA 21 1913. 1914. - Dutiable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . $262,296,810 $179,645,822 Free goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,247,967 107,156,045 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $390,544,777 $286,801,867 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . . $ 3,608,144 $ 81,228,410 Grand Total . . . . . . . . . . $394,152,921 $368,030,277 The decrease in the value of imports of merchandise in the seven months was $103,743,000, or nearly 30 per cent., while the import of coin and bullion rose from $3,608,000 last year to $81,228,000 this year, the very large increment being due to the deposit of gold with the Dominion Government by New York bankers on Bank of England account to meet foreign indebtedness of the United States, and to the with- drawal of specie from New York by Canadian banks to strengthen their reserves. The export trade of Canada for the seven months ending October 31st has been — 1913. 1914. Exports. DonneStic. |FOreign. Domestic. Foreign. The mine . . . . . . . . . . $ 34,075,609 $ 110,623 $ 31,513,810 $ 157,176 The fisheries . . . . . . 11,331,130 46,974 9,924,715 77,983 The forest . . . . . . . . . 29,087,706 521,566 28,917,329 354,103 Animals and their produce . . . . . . . . 31,029,292 876,629 41,664,443 1,151,421 Agriculture . . . . . . . . 108,921,172 7,668,046 75,473,226 32,575,109 Manufactures . . . . . . 31,037,446 7,427,080 39,048,724 4,490,481 Miscellaneous . . . . . . 67,299 2,346,093 215,074 2,309,988 Total merchandise 245,549,654 18,997,011 226,757,321 41,616,261 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,465,762 266 3,767,482 Grand total . . . . . . $245,549,654 $26,462,773 $226,757,587 $45,383,743 These figures reveal a decline in exports of Canadian pro- ducts of $18,800,000, and an increase of $22,600,000 in exports of foreign products, principally wheat passing through the port of Montreal to Europe. The export of Canadian agricultural products, is nearly $33,500,000 less, a large decrease, due prin- cipally to the fact that the harvest of 1913 was promptly marketed and the yield greater than this season. Exports of Imanufactures and of animals and their produce show satis- 22 THE TRADE OF CAN AIDA. factory increases. The total trade of Canada for the seven months from April 1st last, amounted to $513,559,188 on the basis of goods entered for consumption and domestic products exported, as against $636,094,431 last year, a decline of $124,500,000. - THE BALANCE OF TRADE. For many years past the excess in value of imports over exports has been large, and the adverse balance of trade has caused not a little discussion. The gap was bridged by exten- sive borrowings in Great Britain for construction and develop- ment work in Canada, the loans reaching this country in the shape of merchandise to a considerable extent and thus swelling imports. Since the London money market was contracted to Canadian borrowers, and more especially since the outbreak of war, which closed this source of money Supply completely, a sharp decline in imports has occurred, and the adverse balance of trade has been substantially reduced. In this connection the following figures of Canada’s foreign trade are interesting: Exports. Imports. 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $263,369,000 $351,880,000 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,900,000 288,135,000 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301,360,000 375,833,000 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,764,000 451,691,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,716,000 521,348,000 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393,232,000 675,428,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478,997,000 633,564,000 Seven months, 1914-15 268,373,000 286,801,000 In the last fiscal year, the adverse balance of trade on the basis of all imports and exports was cut down to $154,567,000, or by nearly one-half, while in the first seven months of the current fiscal year on the basis of goods entered for consumption and exports of Canadian and foreign produce, omitting Specie, the excess of imports over exports was only $18,428,000. It would appear, therefore, that in a short time we may expect the balance of foreign trade to turn in favor of Canada, a consummation much to be desired. THE TRADE OF CANADA 23 TEIE FINANCIAL SITUATION. The financial situation in Canada even at the beginning of the year was not very favorable. Trade was slowing down, payments were not prompt and renewals of notes were increas- ingly frequent, while stock market values gradually receded. The bubble of real estate speculation had been pricked with the inevitable collapse and wide-spread losses. The banks, indeed, were in strong position with ample loanable funds, and legiti- mate business was well taken care of, but caution was exercised in making advances, and the sanguine confidence which had for many preceding years pervaded the commercial community was lacking. A similar condition existed the world over, money being abundant and cheap to borrowers on gilt-edged securities in all the principal financial centres. Then, like a bolt from the blue, came the declaration of war by Austria against Servia, followed by the declaration of war by Germany against Russia and the participation of Great Britain, France and Belgium in the fray. In a moment confidence was destroyed and prices of securities tumbled like a house of cards. To avert a general insolvency the Stock Exchanges of the world were closed, and in Great Britain and European countries a moratorium was proclaimed. Gold was hoarded everywhere. The Dominion Government courageously and promptly confronted the critical conditions suddenly created by the outbreak of war. In order to preserve the gold supply of the Dominion from depletion, an order-in-Council was passed by which Dominion notes were not to be redeemable in specie. At an emergency session of Parliament held in August, the Government was authorized to make advances to banks by the issue of Dominion notes upon the pledge of securities deposited with the Finance Minister, such advances to carry interest of 5 per cent. The banks were, also, authorized to suspend specie payments and payments in legal tender notes. The period during which the banks can issue their notes in excess of paid- up capital and 15 per cent. of their Rest or reserve account was enlarged, and power was given the Government to proclaim a moratorium. This latter step, happily, has not been found 24 THIE TRADE OF CANAD_A. necessary. The banks have to some extent availed themselves of the privilege of re-discount with the Government, obtaining loans of Dominion notes on pledge of securities at 5 per cent, but such advances were by no means sought by all the banks. The prompt action of the Government preserved the gold supply of the country and this supply was increased by the with- drawal of gold from New York by the larger banks which carry a portion of their liquid reserves in that financial centre. No panic occurred at any time. Advances were, indeed, difficult to obtain from the banks for a few weeks succeeding the outbreak of war and the dislocation of the money markets the world over, but by October the condition was again normal, and plenty of money obtainable for legitimate business. The posi- tion of Canadian banks was at all times strong, and at the close of October stood as follows:— . Oct., 1914. Oct., 1912. Oct., 1913. Capital paid up . . . . . . . . . . . $ 114,134,182 $ 117,341,476 $ 114,852,645 Reserve fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,639,396 109,624,776 113,392,374 Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,696,877 118,234,359 123,744,682 Public deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,023,912,500 1,011,367,714 1,008,539,512 Due to foreign agents 11,883,413 22,484,098 25,645,114 Specie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,126,294 44,386,542 62,228,490 Dominion notes . . . . . . . . . . . 94,673,129 90,111,738 121,023,100 Due from banks in G. B. . . . 18,949,536 12,288,909 15,556,851 Due from foreign agents. . . 28,339,564 31,946,639 39,923,841 Canadian Govt. Securities. . 9,147,731 10,917,054 11,488,848 Railway and other sec'r’ts 63,782,047 72,732,318 69,908,296 Call loans in Canada. . . . . . . 73,959,866 71,118,255 70,201,939 Municipal securities ...' . . . . 22,780,080 22,787,641 22,566,448 Call loans Outside Canada. . . 101,186,983 93,346,810 81,201,671 Current loans in Canada . . . 879,676,655 862,313,367 816,623,852 Total liabilities . . . . . . . $1,283,211,402 $1,328,497,371 $1,328,854,020 Total assets . . . . . . . . . . 1,521,105,096 1,575,550,980 1,577,919,069 The liquid assets of the banks, it will be observed, are remarkably large, made so doubtless by the policy of preparing for all contingencies and protecting the credit and financial stability of the cottntry. The amount of Dominion notes and specie held by the banks at the close of October was $183,- 251,590, or $48,753,000 more than at the corresponding period a year ago, although public deposits had not increased in the period, nor total liabilities. This process of strengthening cash THE TRADE OF CANADA . 25 reserves was rendered possible by reducing call loans outside Canada $12,145,000, and current loans abroad $16,131,000. Savings deposits in August registered their first important decrease in a year, declining 12 millions. The movement was checked in September, when the decrease amounted to slightly less than a million dollars. The October statement showed a gain of $1,405,181. As compared with a year ago savings deposits in Canada stand more than 38 millions higher. Demand deposits, which fell eight millions in August and one and a half millions in September, scored a small increase, $468,624 in October, but are 41 millions lower than a year ago. Deposits abroad were down about 10 millions in the month and a like amount in the year. Both the demand deposits and the current loan figures are reflections of the less active conditions in trade. Current loans showed a further shrinkage in October, the third in succession. A decline of three and a half millions in August was followed by a decline of 10 millions in September, and a decline of about the same amount in Octo- ber. As compared with October a year ago current loans stood approimately 46 millions lower. The increase in note circulation in a period of declining trade and contraction of commercial loans is somewhat peculiar, and may be attributed, probably, to a certain amount of hoard- ing by timid people. A gradual, perhaps, somewhat sharp, decrease in this item may be anticipated. Another notable change in the October return is a reduction in call loans abroad, bringing the figures for the first time in about a year to a level lower than at the corresponding date twelve months ago. Notwithstanding the suspension of stock market business, these loans were reduced 29 millions in August, seven millions in September, and eight millions in October, or upwards of 44 millions in the three months since war started. In part these changes have been reflected in higher balances carried with banking correspondents, and in part the funds realized by the liquidation of the loans have no doubt gone to the meeting of interest obligations abroad. It is to be noted also that deposits abroad showed a contraction 26 TEIIR TRADE OF CAN AIDA. of about 10 millions in October, but this followed a gain of five millions in September and virtually stationary figures in August. - Accumulation of Dominion notes by the banks continues. The increase in October was smaller than in September, but still large at 10 millions, and in those months the banks hold- ings in this direction went up more than 30 millions. There was, of course, a considerable release of the notes by the Govern- ment under the lowering of the gold reserve requirements decreed in August, and in addition there have been advances by the Government against securities under the emergency regulations adopted by Parliament. The number of banks and branch banks in Canada is now upwards of 3,200, the increase in 1914 having been 132, as compared with an increase of 212 in 1913 and of 242 in 1912. These branches are thus distributed:— Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,167 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 647 Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40S British Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Yukon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. . . . . . 3° In Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.236 During the year the Metropolitan Bank was merged with the Bank of Nova Scotia, thus reducing the number of parent banks in Canada to 23. In 1889 there were 38 banks, with 402 branches, or one for every 11,770 inhabitants. How the branches kept mounting while the banks went on reducing may be indi- cated roughly as follows:— 1893–39 banks, 502 branches. 1898–38 banks, 622 branches. 1900–36 banks, 708 branches (one for every 7,510 inhabitants). 1901—34 banks, 750 branches. THE TRADE OF CANADA 27 1903—33 banks, 1,049 branches. 1907–35 banks, 1,886 branches. 1908–33 banks, 1,927 branches (one for every 2,982 inhabitants). 1914–23 banks, 3,236 branches. The total amount of Dominion notes outstanding on Octo- ber 31st was $148,792,000, of which $117,922,000 consisted of notes of large denomination held by the banks as part of their cash reserves, and about $30,000,000 of notes of small denomina- tion in the hands of the public, banks not being permitted to issue notes of smaller denomination than five dollars. Against this issue of legal tenders the Government held gold to the amount of $89,354,000, or rather more than 60 per cent., an ample reserve. At the end of October the banks had, over and above the specie in their vaults, the sum of $13,000,000 deposited in the Central Gold Reserve Fund, against which note circula- tion could be issued as required. THE CROP OUTPUT. In the Northwest provinces crop conditions were favorable from seed-time until the month of July when dry weather set in. A somewhat larger acreage was sown with wheat but in sections the yield was practically nil owing to drought, and the final returns of area reaped show a reduction in acreage. In the Eastern provinces prolonged drought through the spring and early summer seriously affected the hay crop, but grains gave a good yield. Comparative figures for all Canada for the past two seasons are as follows:– —Area— —Total yield— 1913. 1914. . 1913. 1914. A CreS Acres BUIsh. Bush. Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . 970,000 973,300 22,592,000 19,889,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . 10,045,000 9,320,600 209,125,000 138,334,000 All Wheat . . . . . . . . . 11,015,000 10,293,900 231,717,000 158,223,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,434,000 10,061,500 404,669,000 311,426,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613,000 1,495,600 48,319,000 34,591,000 Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,300 111,280 2,300,000 2,258,000 Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218,980 205,950 3,951,800 3,537,100 Buckwheat . . . . . . . . . 380,700 354,400 8,372,000 9,159,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552,800 1,084,000 17,539,000 7,533,000 Mixed grains . . . . . . . 473,800 463,300 15,792,000 16,458,000 Corn for husking . . . 278,000 256,000 16,768,000 14,732,000 28 TFIE TRADE OF CANADA The average quality of the grain crops at harvest time, measured upon a percentage basis, 100 representing grain well headed, well filled, well saved and unaffected to any appreciable extent by frost, rust, Smut, etc., is for the whole of Canada as follows: Wheat 78, oats 79, barley 76, rye 82, peas 75, beans 82, buckwheat 81, mixed grains 90, flax 64 and corn for husking 80. For wheat, barley and oats the figures are considerably below the excellent record of last year, the averages this year being reduced by the prolonged drought in the Northwest provinces. In these provinces the points for the quality of wheat, oats and barley range from 48 for barley in Saskat- chewan to 78 for spring wheat in Alberta. In the Maritime provinces both the yield and quality of the grain crops were excellent. The condition of root crops at September 30 was for all Canada about equal to last year, being 75 per cent. of a stand- ard or full crop for potatoes, 78 per cent. for turnips, 80 per cent. for mangolds, carrots, etc., 90 per cent, for sugar beets, 90 per cent. for fodder corn and 77 per cent, for alfalfa. In Manitoba and Saskatchewan the condition of the root crops was low owing to the drought. In northern Alberta, where the season was of more normal character, these crops made a fair showing. ONTARIO-With the exception of hay, the crops in this province yielded well, as the following returns show:— Fall wheat:-685,692 acres yielded 14,333,548 bushels, or 20.9 per acre, as compared with 15,945,717 and 24.7 in 1913. The annual average per acre for 33 years was 21:1. Spring wheat:-118,607 acres yielded 2,169,425 bushels; or 18.3 per acre, as compared with 2,068,951 and 17.7 in 1913. Annual average 16-0. - Barley —579,473 acres yielded 18,096,755 bushels, or 31.2 per acre, as compared with 18,255,958 and 29-3 in 1913. Annual average 27-9. Oats —2,776,883 acres yielded 103,564,322 bushels, or 37.3 per acre, as compared with 98,426,902 bushels, and 36.5 in 1913. Annual average 35-7. TEITE TRADE OF CANADA 29 Rye —138,913 acres yielded 2,315,532 bushels or 16.7 per acre, as compared with 1,979,775 and 16.7 in 1913. Annual average 16-5. . Hay and Clover (including alfalfa):—3,415,484 acres yielded 3,842,554 tons, or 1:13 per acre, as compared with 3,924,563 and 1:14 in 1913. Annual average 1:44. Potatoes:–167,591 acres yielded 26,717,587 bushels, or 159 per acre, as compared with 19,024,115 and 119 in 1913. Annual average 118. A larger acreage by about 140,000 acres has been sown with fall wheat for the crop of 1915, and the country over a Substantial increase in the area seeded with grain is counted upon in Consequence of the high prices prevailing and the large European demand occasioned by the war. The fruit crop of Ontario was fairly satisfactory, but prices ruled low. Live stock, though affected somewhat by early summer drought came through the season well, and go into winter quarters in fair condition, remarkably free from disease. NoRTHWEST PROVINCEs.--Drought in July and August materially reduced the yield of cereals in the three Northwestern provinces, and the crop was very irregular, some sections having a good average, while in others the grain was not worth harvest- ing. The output for the past two seasons thus compares:– —Area— —Total yield— 1913. 1914. 1913. 1914. Manitoba– A CreS A CreS Bush. Bush. Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . 19,000 15,000 388,000 324,000 Spring Wheat . . . . . . 2,785,000 2,601,000 52,943,000 37,090,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,398,000 1,331,000 56,759,000 34,925,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496,000 468,000 14,305,000 8,644,000 Saskatchewan— . - Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . 4,000 4,300 94,000 68,000 Spring Wheat . . . . . . 5,716,000 5,344,000 121,465,000 73,427,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,755,000 2,520,000 114,112,000 57,935,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332,000 290,000 10,421,000 4,684,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,386,000 958,000 15,579,000 6,495,000 Alberta— Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . 202,000 221,100 4,242,000 4,252,000 Spring Wheat . . . . . . 1,310,000 1,150,000 30,130,000 23,219,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639,000 1,502,000 71,542,000 54,523,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,000. 178,000 6,334,000 4,681,000 30 - TIII: TRADE OF CANADA In Quebec, both grain and fruit produced good average yields, but hay was a short crop; while in the Maritime provinces the harvest generally was abundant. ROOT AND FODDER CROPS. Root and fodder crops in Canada, consisting of potatoes, turnips, mangolds, etc., hay and clover, alfalfa, fodder corn and sugar beets, occupied this year a total area of 9,070,700 acres, as compared with 9,243,000 acres in 1913 and their estimated value is $226,668,000, as compared with $197,988,000 in 1913. Potatoes give a yield of 85,672,000 bushels from 475,900 acres showing the excellent average yield per acre for the Dominion of 180 bushels, which is higher for this crop than in any year since 1908, excepting only in 1909, when the average reached was 193 bushels. At an average price per bushel of 49 cents—the same as last year—the total value of the potato crop is $41,598,000 against $38,418,000 in 1913. The potato yield in the Maritime provinces was especially good, the yield per acre being 213 bushels in Prince Edward Island, 220 bushels in Nova Scotia and 240 bushels in New Brunswick. Turnips and other roots yielded 69,003,000 bushels of the value of $18,934,000, compared with 66,788,000 bushels, value $18,643,000 in 1913, hay and clover 10,259,000 tons, value $145,999,000 compared with 10,859,000 tons value $124,696,000 in 1913, alfalfa 218,400 tons, value $3,096,000, compared with 237,770 tons, value $2,819,000 in 1913, fodder corn 3,251,000 tons, value $15,950,000, compared with 2,616,200 tons, value $12,506,000, in 1913 and sugar beets 146,000 tons value $1,092,- 000, compared with 148,000 tons, value $966,000 in 1913. LIVE STOCIK. The numbers of farm live stock in Canada at the end of June, 1914, was estimated to be:—Horses 2,947,738, milch cows 2,673,286, other cattle 3,363,531, sheep 2,058,045, and Swine 3,434,261. As compared with last year these figures represent an increase in the case of horses, but a decrease for each of the other classes. Comparātive figures for all Canada follow :- THE TRADE OF CANADA 31 1910. 1913. 1914. JHOrses . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2,213,199 2,866,008 2,947,738 Milch COws . . . . . . . “ 2,853,957 2,740,434 2,673,286 Other Cattle . . . . . . . “ 4,250,963 3,915,687 3,363,531 Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 2,598,470 2,128,531 2,058,045 ‘ 2,753,964 3,448,326 3,434,261 SWine . . . . . . . . . . . . . i. The increase in the number of live stock in the Northwest provinces goes on from year to year, except in the case of ranch or beef cattle, which have declined in number owing to the break- ing up of ranches into farm lands. Between 1910 and 1914 the number of live stock in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta increased as follows:— * 1910. 1914. Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 872,134 1,445,652 Milch COWs . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 427,671 539,998 Other cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . “ 1,673,096 1,359,464 Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 & 344,693 382,331 SWine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & 411,660 1,038,102 TRADE WITH GERMANY AND AUSTRIA. The severance of commercial relations between Canada and Germany and Austria in consequence of War promises to have an important bearing on the trade of these countries for a long time after the conclusion of hostilities. Imports of German and Austrian goods into Canada is now prohibited, as also the export of food-stuffs and all munitions of war to those countries. For several years past Canadian imports from Ger- many have steadily increased. The goods thus purchased must now be obtained elsewhere, either from domestic sources or from Great Britain, preferably, though doubtless the United States will make a strong bid for the business. Last year Germany’s trade with Canada outstripped that of France, and as a result she ranked third among the countries with which Canada carries on trade, coming after the United States and the United Kingdom. In the year ending March 31, 1914, Canada imported from Germany goods worth $14,- 686,069, and she exported to Germany goods to the value of $4,433,736, thus giving a total trade with Germany of the value of $19,119,806. Of the total amount of goods imported from Germany, $11,176,198 worth was subject to duty, the remain- ing $3,509,871 worth being admitted free. It is thus seen that 3 2 TELIC TRADE OF CAN AD A. Germany up to the outbreak of the present war had obtained a material foothold in the Canadian market, which will be lost during the progress of the war. The deficiency thus created presents, therefore, an exceptional opportunity for the Canadian producer to supply to a larger extent than in the past the requirements of his home market. The principal articles of import from Germany into Canada in the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1914, were:— Beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 35,984 Mficts. henn p and jute. . $ 70,385 Printed labels . . . . . . . . 35,884 Mfots. Fur . . . . . . . . . . . . 667,267 Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,785 Mfots. glass . . . . . . . . . . . 276,221 Clocks . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 129,790 Gloves and Innitts . . . . . . 385,843 Cocoa, and Chocolate. . . 80,695 Mfots. India. Rubber. . . 150,945 Combs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,531 |Hides and skins . . . . . . 176,641 Socks and stockings. . . 400,740 Jewellery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,560 Lace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,822 Cutlery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379,890 Mfets. Of cotton . . . . . . . 899,728 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,689 Drugs and chemicals .. 785,852 Mfets, metals . . . . . . . . . 3,514,949 Earthen and Chinaware. 300,595 Prints and pictures . . . 122,077 Electric apparatus . . . . 204,388 Paints and colours . . . . 199,937 Toba CCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272,937 Mfots. paper . . . . . . . . . . 350,187 Mfots. Wool . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004, Q 6 5 Mfots. Silk . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,808 Fancy goods . . . . . . . . . . 1,139,993 Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001,716 - l But a small proportion of Canada’s purchases from Ger- many consist of raw materials or foodstuffs, the great bulk being comprised of finished manufactured products. It is this fact which causes Germany’s trade with Canada to be con- sidered such a lucrative one. For the most part Germany has been sending to Canada in the past considerable quantities of iron and steel goods, such as tubing, steel tires, Cutlery, machinery, wire, etc., also a great variety of hardware, lamps, clocks, jewellery, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments, musical instruments, earthenware and glassware. All kinds of dry goods, cotton and woollen goods, hosiery, gloves, fancy goods, toys, dolls, buttons, combs, etc., have also been purchased. Drugs, chemicals, paper, paints, furs, tobacco and sugar and molasses also ascount for a large share of the imports into Canada from Germany. Some of the goods heretofore supplied by Germany can certainly be produced in Canada, while others will be obtained from Great Britain and in part from the |United States. TEIE TRADE OF CAN AIDA. 33. TRADE WITH AUSTRIA. | During the year ended March 31, 1914, Canada imported from Austria-Hungary goods to the value of $1,787,473. Of this amount $1,703,382 worth consisted of dutiable goods, the remaining $184,091 worth of goods being admitted free of duty. Canada’s exports to Austria-Hungary for the same period amounted in value to $378,824. The total trade with Austria-Hungary, therefore, amounted to $2,166,297. This large trade can no longer be carried on. What hitherto was bought from Austria-Hungary must now be bought elsewhere. The articles imported from Austria-Hungary are very much of the same nature as the articles imported from Germany into Canada, except that in the case of the former, foodstuffs and Taw materials form a larger proportion than is the case with the imports from Germany. Breadstuffs imported into Canada from Germany amounted to a value of only $98,297; from Austria-Hungary, however, the imports of breadstuffs amount to $126,896 in value. A certain amount of fruit of the value of $10,536 is also imported from Austria-Hungary. Apart from this, however, Canada’s purchases from Austria-Hungary consist, as in the case of Germany, for the most part of finished manufactured products. The most important item in the list of imports from Austria-Hungary is silk fabrics, of which $224,608 worth was imported in 1913-14. Austria-Hungary has also been one of Canada’s principal suppliers of tobacco. pipes, of which she sent $182,776 worth in 1913-14, out of a total import into Canada of a value of $869,802. Austria- Hungary last year supplied Canadians with $177,078 worth of lamps and lanterns, which is greater in amount than those sent from Germany during the same period. The hops sent from Austria-Hungary to Canada last year were greater in value than those sent from any other country except the United States, and amounted to a value of $93,117. Like Germany, Austria-Hungary also exports to Canada a considerable amount of China tableware. In 1913-14 this amounted in value to $70,957. Glassware was also purchased from Austria-Hungary to the extent of $81,547. - 34 THE TRADE OF CANADA MINERAL OUTPUT. - The mineral production of Ontario and Quebec decreased slightly during the year both in respect of precious metals and other minerals. In 1913 the value of the output in Ontario was 9.6 per cent. greater than in the preceding year, the metallic production being $37,508,955, and the non-metallic $15,491,002. The production of gold reached 220,837 ounces, of which more than 94 per cent. came from the Porcupine mines. The output of silver at Cobalt was a little less than in 1912. The high water mark in production was reached in 1911, when the yield was 31,507,791 fine ounces. Last year’s output was 29,681,975 ounces. The price of silver was also lower, the result being to reduce the return to the mining com- panies by $853,934. It is now ten years since the silver deposits at Cobalt began to be worked, and up to the end of 1913 their total yield had a value of over $98,000,000. The output of nickel was 24,838 tons, valued in the matte at $5,237,477, an increase of a little under 11 per cent. The copper mines pro- duced 12,941 tons, valued at $1,840,942, an increase of 16 per cent. - Returns for the first nine months of 1914 show a reduc- tion in value of shipments of metaliferous ore of some $700,000, the decrease being, however, entirely in silver which fell off $2,885,710 in value of production. Nickel, which is a product valuable at this time on account of its use in making armor plate, shows an increase in the value of shipments of $197,923, the total amount of the output of the mines of the province being $4,023,556. The quantity and value of the various ores shipped is given as follows: Gold, 196,934 ounces; value $3,942,848. Silver, 19,448,018 ounces; $10,082,229. Copper, 11,585 tons; $1,664,986. Nickel, 18,085 tons; $4,023,556. Iron ore, 165,759 tons; $379,918. Pig iron, 495,161 tons; $6,444,213. Cobalt ore, 95 tons, $26,563. Cobalt nickel, 852,014 pounds; $454,687. The value of the mineral production of the Province of Quebec in 1913 was $12,918,109, the principal items being:— Asbestos $3,825,959, cement $3,361,292, limestone $1,570,455, copper and sulphur ore $866,774 and mica $117,038. THE TRADE OF CAN AIDA 35, BANEC CLEARINGS. Bank clearings may be regarded as a reliable index of the trend of trade. Since the beginning of the year the returns have recorded continuous decreases both in Canada and the United States, as a consequence of slackening in business and contraction of stock market operations. The closing of the Stock Exchanges at the outbreak of the war accelerated the shrinkage, but in any event, a decline in the volume of clear- ings would have to be recorded. The total of Canadian bank clearings for the month of November—$654,326,700—is prob- ably as large as One could consistently expect, all things Con- sidered. The sum just given reflects a drop of 9.7 per cent. from October, when the curve of bank clearings ascended rather sharply, and it denotes a loss of 24 per cent. from that month in 1913, of 26 per cent. from that month in 1912, at which time record high point was reached. The comparative figures of Canadian Clearings are for the eleven months ending November 30th — ImC. Or D6C. 1914. 1913. % Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . $2,433,363,124 $2,627,627,214 — 7.4 Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,858,722,905 1,979,463,618 — 6.1 Winnipeg . . . . . . . . . . . 1,255,516,376 1,461,072,379 —14. 1 Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . 396,762,145 559,108,260 —29.0 Ottawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189,750,959 189,266,527 + 0.3 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,394,103 150,736,197 + 1. 1 Halifax . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,917,071 95,365,744 — 3.. 6 Calgary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186,679,960 226,413,980 —17. 5 FIamilton . . . . . . . . . . . 137,344,916 169,539,450 —19.0 St. John . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,708,723 75,720,624 — 5.3 Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,058,859 163,716,947 —30. 3 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,482,874 82,678,873 — 5.1 Edmonton . . . . . . . . . . 146,397,691 194,977,529 —24.9 Regina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,284,517 118,731,034 —24.0 Brandon . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,990,950 28,790,725 —16.7 Lethbridge . . . . . . . . . 19,562,825 26,147,825 —25.2 Saskatoon . . . . . . . . . . 55,099,536 87,619,699 —37.1 Moose Jaw . . . . . . . . . 41,935,014 55,142,554 —23.9 Brantford . . . . . . . . . . 26,406,659 29,678,625 —11.0 Fort William . . . . . . . 36,514,685 44,519,578 —18.0 New Westminster . . 17,875,097 26,420 168 —32.3 Medicine Hat . . . . . . 18,537,380 18,724,371 . . . . . . Peterborough . . . . . . . 9,631,782 Not included in total Total . . . . . . . $7,424,778,989 $8,392,705,429 —11. 5 36 TEIE TRADE OF CANADA The largest shrinkage in clearings occurred in the North- west cities and in British Columbia, due doubtless to the subsidence of real estate speculation. The position of Montreal in respect of Bank Clearings, relative to that of the principal cities in the United States is shown in the following table, the figures being for the eleven months ending November 30th – (000's omitted) 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. New York . . . . . . . . $84,261,001 $91,935,245 $86,634,283 $76,488,904 Chicago . . . . . . . . . . 12,684,940 14,020,381 14,636,588 14,379,873 Boston . . . . . . . . . . . 7,608,584 8,253,861 7,438,654 6,937,706 Philadelphia. . . . . . . 6,991,557 7,422,663 7,753,603 7,254,236 St. Louis . . . . . . . . . 3,513,441 3,660,000 3,759,778 3,545,036 Pittsburg . . . . . . . . . 2,306,236 2,558,178 2,696,524 2,424,305 San Francisco . . . . 2,210,866 2,447,000 2,400,914 2,295,353 Kansas City . . . . . . 2,355,294 2,463,407 2,605,744 2,692,352 Montreal . . . . . . . . . . 2,163,707 2,598,576 2,627,627 2,433,363 Montreal, therefore, is exceeded in point of Bank Clearings by only six cities in the United States, and easily retains its foremost position among Canadian financial centres. Latest addition to St. Lawrence-Montreal trade. SS. “Missanabie" making entrance to port, first voyage, October 23, 1914 - º 2." CANADAN GOVERNMENTRYS. OPERATE 1897 MILES INQUEBEC AND MARITIME PROVINCES INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY. Montreal, St. John, Halifax, The Sydneys - * 1475 miles PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND RY. 274 “ INTERNATIONAL RY.: Campbellton to St. Leonards - | 12 “ NEW BRUNSWICK & P.E.I. RY.: º Sackville to Cape Tormentine - 36 2 OCEAN LIMITED (Daily) Through - g Express MARITIME EXPRESS Trains (Daily except Saturday) BETWEEN MONTREAL, QUEBEC, MONCTON HALIFAX WITH CONNECTION FOR ST, JOHN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, THE SYDNEYS, NEW FOUNDLAND (Except Sunday) M O N T R E A L 2 a n d Fast Freights H A L I F A X Daily H. H. MELANSON, D. A. STORY, General Passenger Agent, General Freight Agent, MONCTON, N.B. MONCTON, N.B. Showing Steamers “ Glenfoyle,” “Toiler,” “Dollard" and “J. T. Horne" in Floating Ship Dock “Duke of Connaught,” and SS. “Lingan" in Basin Canadian Vickers Limited º - i The Improvements to the i Port of Montreal i (Prepared by Frederick W. Cowie, Chief Engineer for the Montreal Harbour Commissioners, December 15th, 1914) SEASON OF NAVIGATION, 1914 HE following is a general resume of the construction works for the Improvement and Extension of Montreal Harbour and of the General Maintenance and Operation of Harbour facilities during the season of 1914:— Early in the year, the President of the Harbour Commissioners, accompanied by the Chief Engineer and Assistant Secre- tary, made an inspection of European ports, with a view to making known the possibilities of further trade with Montreal and of obtaining the latest information as to successful port facilities, having regard to future plans of Harbour extensions in Montreal. & The Construction Programme for the season included the following works:— - The improvement and extension of Harbour railway tracks. The continuation of the construction of new Victoria Pier and Market Basin. The continuation of the construction of Bulkhead High Level Wharves on the river front, eastwards from Victoria Pier. General dredging for widening and deepening of basins and berths. Dredging of channels for the amelioration of St. Mary’s Current. Paving and laying railway tracks on wharves. The continuation, almost to completion, of improvements resulting in the Floating Dock Basin and site for the Canadian Vickers’ ship building and repair yard. 40 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The construction and improvement of Harbour facilities, such as hoists, flood gates, bridges, subways and freight yards. Additions and improvements to Harbour Commissioners’ con- struction plant. - The construction of an industrial wharf at Pointe-aux-Trembles. The completion of construction of an addition to Grain Elevator No. 1. Sheds 24 and 25, September 18, 1914 The construction of a new entrance to the Harbour at Aylwin Street. The construction of two transit sheds, Nos. 24 and 25. The acquisition of operating and railway plant. The maintenance of berths and channels, of wharves, sheds, buildings, roadways, water service, cleaning of wharves and general repairs were carried on as usual. The operating of Harbour facilities, such as plant for the storage and handling of grain, electric lighting and power services. Handling of railway traffic and switching on the Harbour, Floating Crane, operating electric hoists and the con- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 41 struction and maintenance of industrial connections with the Harbour, were all carried on during the season with an even greater measure of success than usual. The most important features of the season's record were the changes resulting from the War. Commencing at mid- summer, Harbour and trade conditions were suddenly changed. Shipping programmes were wiped out. Freight - Government War Supplies, Shed 9, September 18, 1914 contracts upset. Until the silent but effective command of the seas was assured, business in the Harbour was, for a short period, at a standstill. Fortunately, however, the measures taken to restore trade were so speedily effected and so successful that shipping immediately recommenced and largely owing to the adaptive facilities in the port of Montreal, the required changes to meet new conditions of shipping and business were immediately made. Protective measures were taken for the care of the valuable property in the Harbour and through the anxious times business was carried on as usual. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Ocean-going Vessel, Laurier Pier, August 7, 1914 Although the business in the port of Montreal was in some instances less than usual, the balance at the end of the year results in a very satisfactory record. Owing to the low water in the Great Lakes and to the dry The weather during the early part of the summer, the water in the Harbour and River was exceptionally low during the season. With the exception of the grounding of the SS. “Anglo-Brazilian *, on August 26th, the records of navigation in the Harbour during the season were, how- ever, exceptionally good. construction season resulted in economical work, the price of materials being lower than the average, while the cost of labour was slightly higher in some instances. Weather conditions were favourable, the low water being advan- tageous for construction work, although a disadvantage to navigation. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. The Engineering Department of the Harbour Com- missioners of Montreal is organized so as to have charge of the varied and important branches as follows:–Harbour Con- struction; Maintenance and Operation. - T. l I. I. All-Itt) \ | \l ENTS TO "I'll E I’01:T OF MONTREAI- 43 The construction work is almost universally carried on departmentally. The steady growth of the Harbour and the constant yearly effort to keep pace with the commerce, has resulted in the Commissioners having a splendid plant for the peculiar construction required. Dredging plant, tugs, derricks and a shop for repairs, are all kept up-to-date, and the organiza- tion for construction is capable of dredging and placing in the works some two or three million cubic yards of excavated material, of building half a mile of cribwork and concrete quay walls of a height from the foundations to the cope of 60 feet, of building fifty thousand cubic yards of concrete, con- structing railways, walls, sheds, culverts and, in fact, almost every phase of port construction. HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS’ G RAIN ELEVATOR SYSTEM. The facilities for the storage and handling of grain in the port of Montreal are not only one of the most important in connection with the Harbour, but were most successful during the operating season. Dredging South St. Helen's Island, October 26, 1914 44 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL In 1907, the Capital Expenditure by the Harbour Com- missioners for the storage and handling of grain amounted to $1,568,534.76. In that year the total quantity of grain handled amounted to 1,078,289 bushels. The revenue did not pay the operating expenses. The maintenance and interest charges had to be made up from other sources. During the season of 1914, when the Capital Expenditure on the Harbour Grain Handling Facilities including conveyors, etc., amounted to $5,380,000.00, the total quantity of grain handled to December 7th amounted to 62,250,000 bushels. With this large tonnage, for handling, and with the revenue derived from storage of grain, the total revenue resulting from the Harbour Commissioners' plant for the storage and handling of grain, during the season, will be sufficient to pay for operation and upkeep. In connection with the Harbour Commissioners' Elevator System, the difference between the failure in 1907, and the success in 1914, is one of the most important lessons to be THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 45 w learned in port design. The elevator in 1907 had been com- pleted for three or four years; it was considered the most up-to-date and efficient elevator possible to build, and it was located in the best part of Montreal Harbour. Ocean ships requiring to take grain, however, had to move from their berths to the elevator for their cargoes. This resulted in loss of time, in removing of all gangways, and in expenditure for pilotage, towing, etc. As the margin between one method of grain handling and another, on a large tonnage of grain is very slight, the grain trade did not appreciate the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator up to that date. The construction of the large system of transit sheds with grain conveyors to each berth and the organization of a very efficient operating staff has in a few years effected a great change, and the increase of the Harbour Commissioners’ share in handling of the Canadian grain trade. In 1914 it increased to an amount sixty times greater than it was seven years ago. Grain Vessels, Elevator No. 1 Basin, July 27, 1914 46 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The investigations made by the Harbour officials, in February, March and April, 1914, as to the conditions and cost of grain handling in European ports, as compared with Mont- real, resulted in information very favourable to the Canadian port. In the Port of London it was found that land sites for elevators could be obtained, at the new docks, at less cost than similar sites in Montreal. All construction costs, both material and labour, are lower than in Montreal. Operating costs, such as wages and supplies were cheaper in London than in Montreal. The only item cheaper in Montreal, than in London, was power. A comparison of the tariffs regarding storage and handling of grain resulted as follows:— Harbour Commissioners of Montreal. Working out, elevating, weigh- ing, storage for 20 days, weigh- ing and delivery by conveyors into ocean ships, 8/10c per bushel. Port of London Authority. Working out, receiving from ship, weighing at delivery and delivering within 14 days, 4s 4d per ton, or 2 8/100 per bushel. In addition to the very great difference in favour of Mont- real regarding tariff charges, the storage is longer in Montreal, and the advantage in having ocean vessels receive their cargoes at their ordinary berths is much more favourable to Montreal. The operation of the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator System during the season of 1914, up to December 7th, as made up from reports of Mr. Jere Nehin, General Superintendent, may be given as follows:— Elevator No. 1. Total storage capacity in bushels, 2,500,000. First vessel unloaded, April 30th, 1914. Last vessel unloaded, November 21st, 1914. Total receipts, 28,467,151 bushels. The above amount of grain was elevated from 96 barges and 398 steamers, a total of 494 vessels. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 47. Delivery was made as follows:– By conveyors . . . . . . . . . 27,635,810 bushels By cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,409 bushels By teams . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,074 bushels By bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,788 bushels Elevator No. 2. Total storage capacity in bushels, 2,600,000. First vessel unloaded, April 29th, 1914. Last vessel unloaded, December 7th, 1914. Total receipts, 29,340,617 bushels. By water, 21,057,012 bushels, taken from 92 barges and 304 steamers, or 396 vessels. By cars, 8,283,505 bushels, unloaded from 5,840 cars. Delivery was made as follows:– By conveyors . . . . . . . . . 25,184,357 bushels By cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,432,154 bushels By teams . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,003,163 bushels By bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,198,327 bushels Floating Grain Elevators. Total amount of grain transferred, 4,441,357 bushes. Six floating elevators were operated during the season. Grand Total grain handled in 1914, 62,249,025 bushels. Total grain handled in 1913, 43,349,291 bushels. Increase over 1913, 44 per cent. The features of note regarding the grain trade in Montreak IIarbour during 1914, were the receipt of a cargo of corn from the Argentine Republic, the shipment of Canadian wheat to: New Zealand and the receipt of Canadian grain to the amount of about 1,500,000 bushels, re-shipped from Buffalo Elevators. The corn was unloaded by one of the marine legs at Elevator- No. 2, the first time these marine legs were ever used in an ocean ship. The wheat going to New Zealand was bagged before shipping. The grain coming from Buffalo, part of which 4S TIII) IMPROVEMENTS TO TILE I'0It'I' 0E MONTI, EAſ, - - - | - Ship congestion in Harbour, September 18, 1914 had wintered in the Buffalo Elevators, was re-shipped and sent for export through the Port of Montreal, and may be taken as a distinct approval of Montreal Harbour facilities. The Harbour Elevators were seriously congested in May and June and again in November, and at one time about thirty vessels were waiting to unload, containing approximately 1,500,000 bushels. Although this large amount of grain, amounting to 62,250,000 bushels or between one million-and-a-half and two- million tons, was handled by the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator System, it was not successfully accomplished and delivered on long lengths of conveyor belts, in the complicated manner of grain shipments, without great care on the part of the Elevator Staff and a heavy expenditure in wages and operating power. The regular number of men employed at Elevators Nos. 1 and 2, on the Conveyors and on the Floating Elevators, not including shovellers, was 125. The maximum requirements of THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 49 electric power for operating the Elevator System amounted to 5570 H.P. No serious accidents occurred to the plant during the summer, although the wear and tear of working day and night for about thirty weeks will require a large amount of over- hauling, repairs and renewals during the winter. At the close of the season, the Elevators contained 2,682,- 150 bushels of grain, subject to storage or delivery as required. The following table gives the record of the Harbour Com- missioners’ Elevator System from 1906 to 1914:- Total quantity of grain handled or transferred. Year. Bushels. 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944,321 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,078,289 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,661,350 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,691,071 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,526,727 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,007,164 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,561,655 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,000,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,250,000 Grain Vessels at Grand Trunk Grain Elevator, June 26, 1914 50 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY ELEWATOR. In addition to the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevators, the Grand Trunk Railway Company own and operate Elevator “B” and Annex, between Windmill Point and Lachine Canal Basin, in the Harbour of Montreal. The storage capacity of Elevator “B” and Annex is, according to information received from the Grand Trunk Rail- way Company, 2,150,000 bushels. A description of this elevator was given in the Commercial Review of 1913. After the completion of the Addition to Elevator No. 1, giving the Harbour Commissioners' Elevators a storage capacity of 5,122,000 bushels, at a total cost, including working and storage elevators, marine tower jetty and marine towers, con- veyor galleries and conveyor equipment amounting to $5,380,- 000.00, it was expected that with the Grand Trunk Elevator and its Addition, also completed in 1913, the grain trade in the Port of Montreal could be taken care of without undue congestion or serious delays. THE IMPROVIEMIENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 51. In spite, however, of this increase, amounting to 45 per cent., in storage capacity completed in 1913, the grain Elevators in the Port of Montreal were completely filled up fifteen days after the opening of navigation, and, although unprecedented shipments were being made, the congestion referred to above amounted to from 15 to 30 lake grain vessels waiting to unload during about two months of the season of 1914. Some of the larger and more expensive grain vessels, after waiting in Mont- real for several days, returned and unloaded at Buffalo so as to save demurrage, and other shipments from Canadian ports were diverted to Buffalo for the same reason. The Harbour Commissioners immediately considered the question of a further addition to the storage capacity of the Montreal elevators. The year was not favourable for expen- diture on new works, but the trade was very insistent. After careful study, it was proposed to make a further addition to Elevator No. 1 and the “West Extension ” was designed. This West Extension was designed on lines similar to the Addition completed a year ago and to be, in fact, a continuation westwards of the same structure. It was made as large as the space in this part of the Harbour would permit, and, according to the plans, will have a capacity, when built, of 1,500,000 bushels. Owing to the filled ground in connection with all Mont- real Harbour improvements, and the high elevation of the wharves at low water, the founding of elevators in Montreal Harbour is an expensive proposition. This is, however, much more than made up for by the excellent situation in connection with the Harbour distributing and conveyor system, and repre- sentations were made to the Commissioners that they would be well advised to build all the additional storage room possible at this site. Plans and specifications of this West Extension have been completed and the Commissioners are making preparations for the early commencement of construction, so as to have this additional elevator capacity in the Port of Montreal ready for operation early in the season of 1916. 52 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL THE IMPROVEMENT AND EXTENSION OF THE HARBOUR RAILWAY TRACKS. For the carrying out of the instructions of the Commis- sioners, to make the Port of Montreal the best possible terminal connection between the Transcontinental Railway Systems of Canada and the North Atlantic Steamships the shore area of the Harbour has been designed as a convenient railway terminal. The railway tracks being operated directly by the Harbour Commissioners, such supervision can be made of traffic as to permit of extensive shunting and to give convenient access for railway freight to all points on the wharves at all hours, day or night. The Grand Trunk and the Intercolonial railways connect with the Harbour front at its extreme upper or westerly end. The Canadian Pacific and Canadian Northern railways reach the Harbour towards the lower or eastern end. The large Harbour transit sheds, otherwise idle during winter, are very well adapted for the handling, sorting and delivery, of steamship freight by rail from winter ports. The railway terminals of the Harbour Commissioners, which are being developed for ocean railway traffic, concurrently with the increased Harbour facilities being constructed for shipping, have been considerably extended during the season of 1914. The operation of the Harbour Commissioners’ railway system is handed, under the Commissioners, directly by Mr. J. Vaughan, Superintendent of Railway Terminals, and in spite of the large amount of construction work and improve- ments to the railways, the operations were conducted success- fully throughout the whole season. The extent of the Harbour Commissioners’ railway tracks at the end of 1914 is as follows:— Total South-East of the Lachine Canal, operated by the Grand Trunk Railway—6.84 miles. Total Harbour and indus- trial tracks on Harbour, operated by Commissioners—33:00 miles. Other Harbours tracks—0.49. Grand Total, 40. 33. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 53 Constructing inner and outer side of Victoria Pier, September 18, 1914 VICTORIA PIER AND MARRIET BASIN. In the Scheme of Harbour Extensions commenced in 1910, every consideration was given not only to the enlargement of steamship accommodation, but also to give additional and con- venient accommodation to the important fleet of river and ferry steamers. It was recognized that the river steamers, which do a tremendous passenger and market traffic, should have a location in the Harbour, convenient to the centre of the city and to the Bonsecours Market. The construction of this large pier in the very centre of the congested Harbour district is one of the most serious matters occupying the attention of the Engineering Department. Every effort is made to advance the work without undue cost and also not to interrupt the immense traffic which is carried on during the seven months of the navigation season. Up to the close of 1913, the outer part of the old Low Level Victoria Pier was still used, although the new work of construction had almost surrounded it, connection being made to the old part of the wharf by a bridge. At the close of navigation last year, the bridge was removed and on the opening of navigation in 1914, the work of the removal of the balance of the old Victoria Pier by dredging was commenced. The construction programme was continued during the season and 300 feet of High Level Wall was completed and 1,200 feet completed to Low Level. - Unusual difficulty was encountered in constructing this work owing to the depth of water and variability of currents. 54 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL PERMAN ENT TRANSIT SHEDS. SHEDS NOS. 24 AND 25. On the completion of the bulkhead wharf below Victoria Pier, from Beaudry St. Tunnel eastwards, giving a bulkhead width of 250 feet, Sheds Nos. 24 and 25 were designed, all being in accordance with the Extension Plan of 1910, as approved by the Board of Consultative Engineers. These new sheds are of the Montreal Harbour Standard Steel Frame and Reinforced Concrete Slab Type, with provision New Shed 25 under construction, August 11, 1914 for the installation of a grain conveyor system on the river side of the shed. Shed No. 24, at the head of the inclined ramp, is suitable for vessels requiring partial shed accommodation, at the same time giving ample berth space for any size of ship. The dimensions of these sheds are as follows:– Shed No. 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 ft. x 105 ft. Shed Nº. 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 ft. x 105 ft. The clear head room throughout is 14 feet. The upper floor is designed to carry a superimposed or five load of 600 lbs. per sq. foot. Owing to the location of these two sheds, the foundation THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 55. was designed to withstand any unusual ice shove which might be possible in this position. • . The foundations of the sheds were practically completed late in 1913 and the balance of the piers and the shed struc- tures were completed during the season of 1914. Railway tracks have been laid both in front and at the City side of the Sheds and fireproof offices for Customs, super- intendents, clerical staff, etc., have been provided and everything necessary installed to make these sheds the most complete in Montreal Harbour. The contracting firm for these sheds was The P. Lyall & Sons Construction Co., Limited. 2,000 tons of structural steel was required in building these sheds and almost as soon as the roof was on, the sheds were taken over by the Imperial Government and have been used day and night since that day. HIGH LEVEL WHARVES, SECTIONS 24 TO 27. Part of the old low level quay wall extending from the low level Market Basin at Berri St. eastward, was widened and strengthened and rebuilt on a 4 per cent. grade from Elevation 107 up to Elevation 119, standard high level. From the top of the grade the quay wall was continued eastward. The por- tion of this work, of which the concrete quay wall had been constructed to half level in 1913, was completed. A further extension of cribs were added during the season of 1914 and the concrete quay wall built up to half level. The re-filling behind these walls was carried out to the full height and anchor blocks and tie rods completed. DRY DOCR SITE. The Dry Dock Site in the eastern division of the Montreal Harbour, which made the Floating Dock and Shipyard, owned and operated by Messrs. Canadian Vickers Limited, possible, required a considerable amount of construction work during the season of 1914, the work being brought almost to final completion. t ; , , • 56 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL This important work required the construction of about 2,500 feet of standard crib and concrete quay walls, having a total height of about 60 feet. The docking basin, 500 feet long by 1,000 feet wide, was dredged to a depth of 30 feet at the quay walls and to 50 feet in the portion required for sinking the Floating Dock. The channel approach required dredging of an entrance of about 1,000 feet wide. 30 acres of filled land were formed for the Shipyard and about 6 acres in addition for the Right-of-Way for Harbour tracks and roadways. The total amount of filling required for this work was 1,850,000 cubic yards, measured in situ. The work was commenced in the summer of 1910 and was practically completed during the season of 1914. The recent inspection of the President and Harbour officials who went to Europe, included the inspection of many of the large Shipyards of the British and Continental ports. Many THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 57 of the great Shipyards were larger, but the plant, as laid out. and constructed by Messrs. Canadian Vickers Limited, and now nearly completed in full working order, was found to be, though not by any means the largest, the most up-to-date and con- venient in many essential features, viz.:- 1. Location with regard to the Harbour, shelter and easy approach by water. 2. Design and layout of shops, buildings, launching berths, fitting-out berths and dock. 3. Railway communication for materials. 4. No public streets or railways intersecting the yard. 5. Proximity to labour market of Montreal. 6. Availability of cheap electric power. INDUSTRIAL WHARF, POINTE-AUX-TREMBLES. The plant of the Canada Cement Company, situated in the Parish of Pointe-aux-Trembles, about three-quarters of a 58 TIID IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTIREAL Wharf being constructed at Pointe-aux-Trembles, for Canadian Cement Co. August 15, 1914 mile below Longue Pointe, has been enlarged until it is now the second largest if not the largest and most completely equipped cement plant in the world. - Its capacity is now 12,000 barrels per day. For transporta- tion, the plant is now connected by railway only, and all ship- ments by vessel have to be forwarded by railway lines. The coal consumed in the manufacture of cement is very considera- ble and the company require at this plant an annual supply of 200,000 tons. A wharf was finally designed to meet the requirements of The Canada Cement Company, and on the company guarantee- ing sufficient revenue, the Commissioners obtained the authority of the Government to construct a wharf for this industry. The Company owns the land directly to the Harbor Commissioners’ boundary line, and they propose to carry all shipments to and from the water front by their own railway lines. The order for this wharf was given in September, 1913, and, although most of the dredging required for the channel approach and 400 feet of the concrete wall to one-half level had been finished in 1913, the great portion of the work remained to be done in 1914. Filling was required to the extent of about 250,000 cubic yards measured in place. The THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 59 cribwork and concrete quay wall has a length of 600 feet. Most of the grading and leveling has been completed, and rail- way tracks are laid down to the wharf and to the site of the unloading plant and steel towers which the Company pro- poses to erect. DREDGING AND FILLING IN GENERAL. The Harbour Commissioners' plant, consisting of 4 spoon dredges, and one elevator dredge, together with a spoon dredge formerly owned by the Commissioners, were engaged on the usual work of dredging, consisting of maintenance of Harbour berths, dredging to ameliorate the St. Mary’s Current, dredg- ing for filling and the usual dredging required for construction work and the crib seats for wharves. The total amount of dredging done by the Harbour Com- missioners' dredges during the year amounted to nearly 1,500,- 000 cubic yards. Almost all the material excavated was of a hard character, ranging from compact gravel, clay and hard pan to rock. None of the material in Montreal Harbour is 60 TEIE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL capable of being pumped, and the material, when dredged and used for filling, requires to be to a great extent handled by derricks and handled by locomotive cranes. One of the most important items of dredging and which occupied the time of two of the Commissioners' best dredges almost entirely throughout the season, was the construction of a channel 20 feet deep at low water, on the South Eastward side of St. Henlen's Island. The extreme slope of the river from the Victoria Bridge down to the lower end of the Guard Pier causes the St. Mary’s Current, which has been long recognised as one of the features in Montreal Harbour requir- ing amelioration. The design of the channel behind St. Helen’s Island has for a purpose, a discharge of a portion of the river flow through the channel On a fixed slope, giving uniform current. The work of 1913 and particularly of 1914, has shown considerable effect, estimated to the amount of 15 per cent. in ameliorating the St. Mary’s Current, even at extreme low water stage of 1914, when it would otherwise have been at its worst. The two dredges working behind the Island worked under conditions which would appear impossible. The photographs, however, show that these dredges worked continuously through- out the Summer, in rapids where the water was rushing over the bed of the river and falling into the dredged cut. Only plant of extraordinary stability and dredging officers of great skill could have undertaken this work, and which would not have beeen attempted had not the results to be obtained warranted the effort. The ground area dredged in 1914 amounted to about 8% acres, all of which required the excavation of 20 feet of material consisting of cemented clay and sand, with many embedded boulders. A length of 1,000 feet was dredged for a width of 335 feet and before the work closed the dredging was in a fair way to approaching deeper water, near the head of St. Helen’s Island. Other important items of dredging consisted of dredging between St. Helen's Island and the Guard Pier, consisting THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 61 almost entirely of large boulders. 417 large boulders were removed, many requiring to be blasted before dredging. A channel was commenced on the city side of the Guard Picr; up to the Bickerdike Pier, where the material is shale Dredging South of St. Helen's Island rock. The cut made was 500 feet long by 120 feet wide, all being dredged to a total depth of 30 feet at low water. The widening of the main Harbour was proceeded with inside the Guard Pier and an additional width was obtained opposite Jacques Cartier a 'd King Edward Piers. The entrance channel of the Dry Dock Basin was also widened and deepened and several portions of the Ship Chan- nel opposite Longueuil and St. Helen's Island were also done 62 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL by dredges belonging to the Department of Marine & Fisheries. The drilling and blasting boat was occupied throughout the year, doing excellent work. The number of holes drilled and blasted was 2,769, the average depth of holes being over 8 feet and the quantity of dynamite used was 16,074 lbs. of 75 per cent. The sweeping of the channels and berths was carried out at intervals during the season and as usual whenever any obstructions were found, dredging was carried on as SOOn as navigation conditions permitted. The following table gives the average monthly depth of water in the Ship Channel in the Harbour during the season of 1914, as compared with the records of 1913; and also the monthly averages of the depth of water on the old No. 1 Lachine Canal Lock Sill:— Depth on Old lock sill Depth in Harbour Lachine Canal. Channel. Average Average Average Average Month. 1912 – 13. 1914. 1913. 1914. May . . . . . . . . . . . 20/ 6// 17 / 10// 35/ S// 337 3// June . . . . . . . . . . . 19/ 3// 16/ 4// 33/ 3// 31 / 9// July . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 / 0// 15 / 5// 31/ S// 30 / 10// August . . . . . . . . . 15 / 10// 14 / 5// 30.’ 9.1% ºf 29/ 10// September . . . . . 15/ 3// 14/ ()// 30/ 4// 29/ 5// October . . . . . . . . 15/ 3// 13/ 5// 30/ 6// 2S/ 10// November . . . . . 15/ 3// 13/ 4// 30/ 5// 2S / 9// As an instance, the depth of water in Lake Ontario for October, was 0.70 feet lower than in 1913 and 2.22 feet lower than the average for the last 10 years. FIARBOUR CONSTRUCTION PLANT. The extensive and valuable construction plant of the Har- bour Commissioners, including 6 dredges, 7 derricks, 10 tugs, One floating Crane, one drill boat, 2 coal barges, 2 floating concrete mixers, about 40 scows, 5 locomotive cranes and a Variety of general plant, was kept in the usual good order at the Harbour Commissioners’ machine shop during the year. Three new flat scows 100’ x 30’ x 9’ were constructed and an additional floating derrick and a construction tug were for the most part completed during the year. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 63 New Derrick No. 8 under construction, September 4, 1914 MISCELLANEOUS. The following important items of construction work and materials used will give an idea of the extent of the Commis- sioners’ operations during the season:— Cribwork built, 2,160 lin. ft. Cribwork sunk, 1,820 lin. ft. Quay walls completed, 2,518 lin. ft. Quay walls completed to half height, 1,159 lin. ft. Retaining and abutment walls completed, 1,228 lin. ft. Paving, 20,000 sq. yards. New track work, 4 miles. Dredging: By Harbour Commissioners’ dredges, 1,500,000 cubic yards. By Marine & Fisheries' dredges, 500,000 cu. yds. Re-filling by derricks, 1,750,000 cu. yds. Filling obtained from City contractors, 200,000 cu. yds. Quantities of materials used were:– Cement, 60,000 barrels. Sand, 15,000 cu. yds. 64 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Crushed stone, 25,000 tons. Rubble stone, 20,000 tons. Displacers, 500 tons. Gravel, 8,000 tons. Stone for macadamizing, 2,500 tons. Timber used to amount of $215,000.00. The average number of men employed on maintenance, Harbour yard, timber boom, construction work, machine shop, shipyard, dredging fleet, elevators and all other work in con- nection with maintenance and operation, was 1,400. CASUALTIES. The casualties in the Harbour, in spite of the low water season, were very few and reflect great credit on the skill and care of the Montreal pilots. Only one accident of importance is to be noted, viz.:- The grounding of the SS. “Anglo-Brazilian *, opposite Lau- Tier Pier, in August. The Harbour Commissioners’ floating concrete mixer was struck during the night by a steamship and sunk in October. This vessel was lifted by the Commissioners’ plant within 15 days and is now being repaired. Fires in the Harbour of Montreal were fortunately very few and unimportant during the season of 1914. The season of navigation in the Harbour closed on January 1st, 1914, when a trip was made down the river in the Harbour Commissioners’ tug “Sir Hugh Allan *. Navigation opened in 1914 on April 20th, The last steamship left for sea on December 4th, and at date of writing, December 15th, the Commissioners’ dredges are just closing the season’s operations, the Harbour being still open. It was recognized in 1910, when the Scheme of Extensions were commenced, that wharfages could not be made to pay for the great improvements proposed. Other sources of revenue were required and designs for extensions were modelled on works which it was anticipated would not only make successful THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 65. Harbour units, but give fair chances of paying their way. The making of Montreal Harbour an extensive ocean railway ter- minal has proved to be an important factor of its success in 1914. The development of the elevator system has given splendid results. The construction of excellent transit sheds with ready approaches thereto has been much appreciated by the shipping and all were fully occupied during the season. ---------- - - - - Government War Supplies, Shed 15, September 18, 1914 In reviewing the season of 1914 in the Harbour of Mont- real, the striking feature is the fact that although the Great Event of the year might have been expected to paralyze the business and operations of the Port, the final result will be “Business as Usual”. Immediately after the breaking out of War the Commissioners had two large sheds, which were in course of construction, prepared for the compressing of hay. A railway yard and special railway tracks were immediately installed and since that time, the compressing of large quan- tities of hay from the vicinity of Montreal has been carried on day and night. During the season of navigation the hay was pressed and loaded directly into ships alongside the sheds; 66 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL since the closing of navigation the hay is taken as it comes from the farmers, compressed and loaded into cars on the other side of the sheds and shipped directly to the Canadian winter ports. No building so large and convenient could have been more desirable. At present time, hay compressed from the farmers' bale of 18 cubic feet to the shipping bale of 6 cubic feet, is being shipped to the seat of War at the rate of 20 to 30 cars daily. The advantageous sale of this hay, the work of Government War Supplies, Pressed Hay, Shed 25, September 11, 1914 compressing, the switching in and switching out are all of great benefit to the Montreal district. In addition to the hay, the grain trade in the Port of Montreal has been, in the critical period, of very great advan- tage to Great Britain and the Allies. The receipt of a very large number of horses, and their shipment from Montreal, has also been a new feature in the season’s successful operations and illustrates once again the advantageous situation and faci- lities in the Harbour of Montreal. Board of Harbour Commissioners W. G. Ross, Esq., President FARQUHAR Robertson, Esq. Commissioners Colonel A. E. LAbelle THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURE Çüc (5azette MONTREAL is the hold it has upon the confi- dence and esteem of its readers. Q. It endeavors to keep its advertising columns as clean and as reputable as its news columns. ‘. It is the business man's newspaper. Its financial, commercial and marine news is the most complete and most accurate of any Canadian newspaper. Q. It sells at double the price of any Montreal newspaper, simply because it is worth it. SUBSCRIPTION $6.00 PER YEAR THE GAZETTE PRINTING CO. LIMITED 38 St. Antoine Street :: Montreal THE BANK OF TORONTO INCORPORATED 1855 HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO, Can. DUNCAN COULSON, President THOS. F. HOW, Gen. Manager Capital Authorized : tº . $10,000,000 Capital Paid-Up - º º 5,000,000 Reserve Funds - tº- 6,000,000 Assets tº ſº * . 60,000,000 STERLING EXCHANGE This Bank has exceptional facilities for the handling of document- ary grain and produce exchange drawn on Great Britain and the Continent. LETTERS OF CREDIT issued available in all parts of the world. COLLECTIONS made on all points in Canada and the United States on the most favourable terms and remitted for promptly. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT.-Deposits received and interest paid at highest rates. MONTREAL MAIN OFFICE COR. ST. JAMES AND McGILL STREETS H. B. HENWOOD, Manager CITY AND SUBURBAN BRANCHES Board of Trade Building, G. J. Cuthbertson, Manager. Guy and St. Catherine Sts., E. H. Fuller, Manager. Maisonneuve, W. B. McCririck, Manager. St. Lawrence Blvd., C. L. Parkinson, Manager. Atwater Ave. and St. Antoine St., A. H. Walsh, Manager. St. Lambert, J. J. Jamieson, Manager. Point St. Charles. The NewZealandshipping Co.,Limº EASTERN CANADIAN LINE JMonthly sailings from Montreal during Summer Season, and from West St. John, N.B., during winter. First-Class steamers calling at Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Dunedin (Port Chalmers), New Zealand. Head Offices: London, England. Christchurch, N.Z. Montreal Office - 213 Board of Trade Bldg. g wºmr w w | The Shipping Business ÉE § # º:=== ÉL \- s : 6 - * e º } à $9 - * B: º:º *: * 2 à º * Fº : º à : wº #;# : # E. # **# The Custom House, Montreal that came to it from the Ocean, that passed through it on its W. the alteration in a º * * * ºf & Tº-F w y wºm' wº night of the conditions under which ocean travel and traffic could take place, and the remarkable measures taken by many men in many lands, and their governments, to meet the changed condi- tions, have made memorable a year that has nowhere shown its unusual features more patently than in the port of Montreal. In spite of the financial depression and the war, the year for the port has been a banner one in the amount of tonnage and in the amount of grain way to consumers overseas. Decreased customs receipts showed a great diminution in im- ports, and the smaller number of men employed on the water front was evidence of the smaller amount of package freight exported, although the war gifts and exports for military purposes relieved the situation a little. - A number of lines that were doing business here ceased automatically with the outbreak of war sending their vessels to this port, and the regular liners were in so many Cases requisitioned by the Dominion and Imperial Governments for the carriage of the Canadian contingent to Great Britain, or in work given them by the British Government at various parts of the earth, that the arrival of passenger vessels in the port became far less frequent than in ordinary years. To meet the new situation the large shipping companies chartered large steamers, or diverted ofbers from American ports, but even then there was a disparity. While there were fewer visits of 70 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS the large ocean liners to the port on this account, there were many times as many tramp steamers brought here as in any year of the port’s history. On the 21st of August there were fifty-six ocean-going vessels in the port of Montreal, and for two months following the outbreak of war there was an average of 40 in the harbor. For a time the situation was such that on account of the difficulties of exchange and the high rates of war risks, vessels other than regular liners would not leave the harbor. All the others had to remain until the situation adjusted -itself, until owners and shippers were communicated with and until it became evident who had command of the Sea. In the meantime new boats from the sea, which had started their voyages before the declaration of war, were continually arriving. The British Government's action in accepting eighty per cent. of the risk relieved the situation, and matters began to adjust themselves. Meanwhile, such a congestion of vessels gave the harbor master, Captain Bourassa, a very busy time, and more so in view of the fact that his deputy, Captain Frank Symons, went to England to take his place in the British navy of which he was a naval reserve officer. Altogether 916 vessels visited the port, excluding a number of pleasure steamers which came up through the port. Of these 551 were ocean-going vessels, with a tonnage of 2,039,133, and 365 came from the Lower Provinces, the latter having a tonnage of 720,229. This total of 916 vessels, with a tonnage of 2,759,362, compares favorably with 1913, when 820 boats with a tonnage of 2,690,535, visited the harbor. The largest number ever in the port on any former occasion was on June 8th, 1903, when 33 were in the harbor. The total amount of grain exported from the port of Montreal through the elevators one and two of the Harbor Commission, the Grand Trunk elevator and the floating eleva- tor, was 73,628,132 bushels. This does not include about a millon and a half bushels of grain which was bagged, and went on to ships without passing through the elevators. It also does not include nearly ten million bushels which were THE SEIIR.PING BUSINESS 71 handled by the elevators, but which were used for local con- Sumption. * Of the grain handled here, it is estimated that little less than thirty per cent. was American grain, as compared with 1913, when barely ten per cent. was from the United States. The business done this year places Montreal at the head of grain exporting ports on the continent. The business is expected to increase, and the Harbor Commission has made arrangements to build an $800,000 addition to their elevator No. 1 as soon as the spring commences in 1915. During the winter the ground will be cleared ready for the new structure. The elevators of the Harbor Commission alone have been filled with grain and emptied again twelve or thirteen times since the opening of navigation. The total amount of grain received was over seventeen million bushels more than during last season, and the total deliveries up to the same time were fifteen millions more than during the entire Season last year. During the year, the new Allan liners Calgarian and Alsatian, the Canadian Pacific liner Missanabie and the Cunard liner Alaunia entered the St. Lawrence service. The Hamburg-American Line established itself in Montreal at the outset of the season on account of the Tate war which later resulted in an increase in the passenger rates. The War ended their connection with Montreal, as it did with all other parts of the British Empire. Otherwise, great extensions in the service of this line, and of the North German Lloyd, could have been looked for. The war killed the Canada Line, which both were interested in, and the Austre–Americana Line. The plans of the Canadian Pacific to resume their Austrian service was abandoned for the same reason and there was a general recasting of routes by all large steamship companies. The Roth Line between Montreal and Antwerp, for which Mr. Thomas Harling was agent, came to a Sudden end, as two of the partners at the head office in Paris were called to the front. The war has delayed plans for a steamboat service between Montreal and Vancouver via the Panama Canal, but it has stimulated talk of a service between this city and South 72 HE SHIPPING BUSINESS American ports to give Canadian manufacturers an opportunity of capturing Some of the lost German trade. f The Dominion Government’s business this year in collect- ing Customs receipts during the season of navigation has shown a steady decrease in volume ever since the month of May, which was the bumper month so far as this year is concerned, although lower than the same month in 1913. The war was not the factor which determined this decrease so much as the world- wide trade depression which preceded and accompanies it. The three months before the war shows as great decreases as the four months following its outbreak, as compared with the corresponding months in the year 1913. August, indeed, the first month of the war, shows an increase of over $150,000 over the month of July, although this was due in great part to the action of merchants in taking large stores of liquors out of bond through a fear that the duties would be increased to meet the extra expenses incurred by the war. The following figures show the Customs receipts for the seven months of the season as compared with those of the two past Seasons:— - 1914. 1913. 1912. May . . . . . • * g e º - † . . . . . . . . . . $2,012,153.47 $2,396,076.60 $2,144,476. 16. June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,820,254.09 2,334,887. 46 1,949,077.80 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . ... 1,787,261. 11 2,529,211.19 2,251,657. 54 August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,941,356.30 2,269,699.37 2,318,871.76. September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,510,630. 53 2,133,701. 42 2,218,169. 68. October . . . . . . . . . . a s e º e s e e 1,229,438.94 2,147,810. 93 2,348,993.00 November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,317,616.37 1,909,079.35 2,276,878.59 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $11,618,710.81 $15,720,436.32 $15,508,124. 53° The Department of Marine and Fisheries began the work of removing the gas buoys on November 21st on account of the stormy and cold weather, placing wood and steel buoys in their place. This closed night navigation, but the weather moderated and vessels were able to come up to, and to leave Montreal up to December 4th when the Manchester Spinner left with a cargo of grain. This date for last departure was never surpassed except on December 7th, 1864, and it was only equalled on one other occasion, a boat leaving on this date in 1902. The season began on April 29th with the arrival of the THE SHIPPING BUSINESS. 73 Allan liner Corsican, under Captain John Hall. The A. E. McKinstry was the last lake boat to pass up the Lachine Canal on December 10th, and the Port Dalhousie on December 12th came down, the last boat to pass through. - The Repentigny channel from Isle St. Therese to Lanoraie has been finished, completely buoyed, and opened to navigation for boats drawing less than fourteen feet. The dredging is nearly completed as well through the islands opposite Sorel by way of the Grand Channel to Lake St. Peter, and the necessary lights will be placed in position next spring. In Allan Line R.M.S. “Alsatian,” Quadruple Screws, Turbine Engines 18,000 Tons Lake St. Peter, a thirty-five foot channel is now extended throughout almost the entire length of the lake. Elevator dredges at St. Anne, Sorel, St. Tours, The Traverse, Varennes and Ponte-aux-Trembles, are doing the same work. In Montreal Harbor the ship channel is being widened. Four powerful elevator dredges, a stone cutter and two stone lifters have been removing rock in the Cap a la Roche district to make a channel with a minimum depth at low water of thirty feet and a width of from 450 feet in the straight parts to 600 feet at the curves. New lighthouses will be erected in this district next year to mark out the new lines. 74. THE SHIPPING BUSINESS In the north channel below Quebec dredging has gone ahead for a channel 1,000 feet wide with a minimum depth at low tide of thirty feet, as far east as the foot of the Island of Orleans. Two dredges have worked at it this season, and the Dominion Government has awarded the contract for a power- ful seagoing hopper elevator dredge to the Canadian Wickers Company. This will hasten the work, but with the rocky bottom it will probably take nearly five years to finish it. About two million dollars has been expended by the Harbor Commission this year in dredging, renovating piers and wharves, building new sheds and wharves, and other work incident to the five-year programme of development undertaken by them at a total cost of fifteen million dollars. Full information of the work done is given in the preceding article. In connection with the Lachine Canal, $500,000 has been spent this year to eliminate the curve, which proved dangerous to navigation at Cote St. Paul, and the new power house nearby will be completed next year. A larger intake at Cote St. Paul was finished this season. Above Cote St. Paul, a mile of new cement wharf has been built. - Shipping men have had reports from points all along the lake route from Fort William to Montreal this season for the first time, and this service will be extended next year. The Marconi Wireless Company intends to erect a new wireless station at Montreal next season and the Dominion Government will establish a new signal station at Cape St. Michel, three miles below Varennes. The Canadian Vickers Company has completed three million dollars’ worth of construction during the year, in addition to the dry dock, which is valued at $1,750,000. They have com- pleted a great shipbuilding shed, 300 yards long, in which vessels of any size can be built, a shipbuilding machine shop, a woodworkers’ shed, an electrical workshop, store-house, heat- ing and power-house, and boiler and engine shops. Between four and five miles of railway give connection with the Canadian Pacific, Canadian Northern and Grand Trunk Railways. Six hundred men are now busy, most of them on a million- III E SHIPPING BUSINESS 75 dollar icebreaker for use in the St. Lawrence river by the Dominion Government, the second largest icebreaker in the world. It is hoped that the launching will take place next June. Next month they will start the new $835,000 bucket dredge, ordered by the Dominion Government. It is to be delivered early in 1916. During part of the season as many as 1,500 men were engaged. Twenty-seven vessels have been repaired in the dock this season, the steamers Saturnia and Anglo-Brazilian being over 10,000 tons. - - - - - - º Canadian Northern Steamships Limited R.M.S. “Royal George" On account of a smaller immigration than usual the westward bound passengers were not so numerous, while the outgoing lists were above the average on account of the curtailment of industry. At the outbreak of the war, how- ever, there was a rush of passengers for home. Every vessel came back loaded to capacity. First class passengers slept in the steerage and the vessels did a correspondingly good busi- ness. The ships went back filled with reservists and volunteers eager to rejoin the flags of the Allies. Freights have been sent up to the highest point in many years through the scarcity of tonnage, grain rates especially 76 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS going up from two to four shillings a quarter after the out- break of War. Shipping men call it a freak year which cannot be justly compared to any other. - - . The war created the abnormal situation that the harbor has been under guard ever since the outbreak of hostilities. Every entrance has been protected by men in khaki bearing rifles, and the elevators, the bridges, the canals and every point important to be maintained for the continuance of exports to the Mother Land and to France have had a similar guard. During the winter, too, these guards will be maintained to a certain extent, and the police are being kept to help in the work of patrolling and guarding the waterfront. The average daily number of men employed at the water- front during the season was 696 as compared with 751 in 1913. The following comparative statement shows that in the months of June, October and November there has been more work this year. The months of August and September, immediately following the war, show the greatest decreases. - Working days. I914. 1913. May . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 26 20,274 21,099 June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 26 18,707 18,014 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º: . . 27 20,984 20,995 August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 14,067 18,701 September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 15,145 18,931 October . . . . . . . ... • . . . . . . . . . . 27 20,580 20,379 November . . . . . . '• * * * * * * * * * 25 17,740 17,059 127,427 135,218 The Canadian Pacific look back upon a successful season, notwithstanding the serious interruption in August from war, which affected all lines. The fast Liverpool Service was maintained by the Empress of Britain and the Virginian, which made during the summer ten westbound-trips and nine eastbound, carrying westbound 1,198 first class, 2,951 second, 4,755 third, and eastbound 778 first class, 1,266 second class and 3,992 third class, a total of 14,940. . The Lake Manitoba made five round trips, carrying west- * TEIE SHIPPING BUSINESS 77 bound 1,402 second and 1,020 third, and eastbound 716 second and 789 third, a total of 3,927. The most important event of the season was the advent of the new steamship Missanabie, marking a new era in Canadian Pacific annals and in luxurious ocean travel. This steamship made two round trips to the St. Lawrence, arriving at Montreal on her maiden voyage on Oct. 16th. The Missan- abie, in these two round trips, carried in the cabin westbound 788 and in the steerage 794 and eastbound 780 cabin and 1,822 s lºse= - - - º --- º º --- _ - New Cabin Steamship Missanabie—C. P. R. Trans-Atlantic Service steerage, a total of 4,184. The Missanabie from Montreal probably carried eastbound the largest passenger list of the season, viz.: 430 cabin and 1,138 steerage. Her sister ship, the Metagama, will, it is expected, be completed for sea early next year. - - Another innovation this year was a direct service to and from Antwerp which was inaugurated by the arrival at Montreal on June 11th of the steamship Tyrolia, followed by the Ruthenia and Mount Temple. These steamships made six westbound and five eastbound trips, carrying westbound 79. 78 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS cabin and 750 steerage and eastbound 75 cabin and 64 steerage, The London-Antwerp passenger and freight service was maintained by the steamships Lake Michigan, Montrose, Monte- Zuma, Montreal, Mount Royal, Montfort and Mount Temple, This service was naturally the soonest seriously affected by conditions in Europe. The steamers carrying passengers made nine trips west 'bound and carried 38 cabin and 942 steerage. Eastbound they were employed as freighters only. The conditions this year have not been such as to encour- -age immigration from Continental sources. The announcement that the Canadian Pacific has pur. chased two new freight and passenger steamers larger than the Missanabie has aroused great interest here among shipping men and shippers. The two new steamships are now building in Scotland and will be known as the Melita and the Medola, being named after two towns in Manitoba. The Melita will be delivered in July and the Medora in October. They will go at once into the Atlantic Service. The Canadian Pacific, by virtue of these purchases, and through the chartering of three large freight-carrying steamers, will largely overcome the depletion caused in their fleet by the Admiralty’s action in taking over some of their finest ves- sels. They will have as well the Metagama, the sister ship to the Missanabie, which is expected to sail in March, and during a part of this winter they will have the Grampian, which they have chartered. When the war is over they will have a 'better and larger fleet than at any time in their existence, with vessels second to none in the Canadian trade. The Robert Reford Company, Limited, in reviewing the season of 1914, state that it cannot be regarded as a Satisfactory OD162. The imports were lighter owing to the general conditions of the trade. “ In regard to Exports, grain freights opened low and remained so for some time after the beginning of the war, but by September, when conditions were again normal, they showed THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 79 a steady increase until the end of the season, and the rates made can be regarded as the highest in the history of the Port for some 25 years. The number of tramps was larger than ever before and at times the terminals were taxed to their utmost capacity. The war conditions developed new trades in the way of steel, wire goods, and other metals, and a large business was done in the export of eggs to different ports in Great Britain, the first shipment practically for about ten years. Owing to the large number of regular steamers which were requisitioned by the British Government, room was very scarce, and consequently a good deal of business was diverted to other ports. The Cunard Line Service was maintained throughout the season and although two of the steamers were requisitioned by the Canadian, and later on by the British Government, steamers were chartered to meet the requirements of the trade. The ser- vice thus given was greatly appreciated by the shippers. The demand for refrigerator and cool air space, with which these steamers are equipped, showed an increase over past seasons, 80 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS shippers recognizing more and more each year the benefits to be derived from sending perishable cargo in this special stow- age. The Donaldson Line, while not having as many sailings as last year, did excellent business throughout the season, but they also suffered owing to the fact that some of their steamers were requisitioned by the British and Canadian Governments. This line carried a very large share of the apple shipments this season, as well as provisions and other perishable Cargo. Donaldson Line T.S.S. “Letitia" They also chartered additional tonnage to enable them to main- tain their service, which was greatly appreciated by all shippers to Glasgow, as otherwise they would not have been able to move their produce to that port. The Thomson-Cairn Line, in addition to their sailings to Leith and Newcastle, ran an occasional steamer to Sunderland, with a view to developing the trade on the East Coast of Great Britain. This port is improving its facilities and an increased business is expected. The Calais Service of the Thomson line also showed an increase, the steamers for that port sailing with full cargoes. Even after war had been declared the demand THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 81 for grain was very large. A number of steamers of this line were requisitioned by the Government which somewhat inter- fered with the regularity of the service, but notwithstanding this, sailings were maintained to the East coast right throughout the season. Steamers coming to the consignment of the Robert Reford Co., Limited, numbered 98, as against 94 last year. Had it not been for the war, the number would have been much in excess of last year. Total is made up as follows: Cunard Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 sailings Donaldson Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Thomson-Cairn Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Crown and Direct Lines . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * 12 Tramp Steamers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 98 & For the Allan line, the St. Lawrence season of navigation closed with the sailing of the steamship Pretorian from Mont- real for Glasgow on November 27. During the period May to November services were main- tained from Montreal and Quebec to Liverpool; from Montreal to Glasgow, and from Montreal to Havre and London, a total of 27,172 passengers having been carried eastbound, all classes, as against 31,060 for the same period in 1913. It is to be noted that while departures last year totalled '96 steamers, only 60 passenger sailings were made during the season just closed. - The particulars of carryings are as follows:— LIVERPOOL SERVICE. 1st 2nd 3rd . . . . . class. class. Class. 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,906 4,069. 11,353 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574 3,546 11,116 332 , 523 237 82 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS GLASGOw SERVICE. 1st 2nd 3rd Class. Class. Class. 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 3,167 5,023 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 3,113 4,349 106 54 674 HAVRE-LONDON SERVICE. 1st 2nd 3rd class. Cla.SS. class. 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * ~ * * 2,137 3,028 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * 1,095 2,108 1,042 920 The new steamers Alsatian and Calgarian assisted mate- rially in bringing up the numbers of eastbound carryings to July 31, the season to that date showing a substantial increase over the same period of last year. Five of the company’s steamers were with the transport fleet carrying Canada’s contingent to the mother country, while at the present time nine steamers, including the Alsatian and Calgarian, are employed either as armed cruisers or transports, having been requisitioned by the Imperial authorities since the outbreak of hostilities. Westbound carryings show a very heavy falling off, due to a practical cessation of the immigrant movement. The total carryings northbound for the St. Lawrence season were only 34,353. Owing to the opening of the season being somewhat delayed on account of ice conditions in the river and gulf the White Star-Dominion liner Teutonic’s first sailing to Que- bec and Montreal had to be diverted to Halifax to discharge passengers. The company was able, however, to bring the Steamer up to Montreal to take her mails, eastbound passengers and cargo. *Nº. All conditions considered, the company regards the business done as satisfactory. There has been a decided falling off in immigration, and an increase in the eastbound movement, which officials of the company attribute to industrial curtailment in THE SHIPPING BUSINESS S3 the country, stating that there is no surer barometer of the state of industry than the ebb and flow of immigration. The sailings were considerably disrupted on account of the seven steamers of the company which the Dominion Govern- ment requisitioned to aid in carrying to Great Britain the thirty-three thousand men of the first Canadian Contingent. This cut the regular schedule down to nineteen sailings east- bound with a total carrying of 10,829 passengers, and twenty- three sailings westbound with a total carrying of 16,518. The Laurentic and Megantic justified their reputation as popular first-class carriers, and the Teutonic and Canada proved - -º- ºr-. - ... ººº-º-º: º --- - Faiz-----as- º - --- - - - - - --------- - White Star-Dominion Line T.S.S. “Laurentic" popular with the class of travellers who look for the ultimate of comfort at second-class rates. The freight situation so far as the Liverpool and Bristol services were concerned, has been satisfactory, and a regular service has been maintained to and from both ports. The triple screw steamship Regina, a new one-class steamer of 15,700 tons, is being built for the Canadian trade at Harland & Wolff's shipbuilding yards at Belfast. It will be equipped and fitted with the most modern devices, including a gymna- sium, verandah cafe, and other features of the best class of boats. 84 THE SEIIPPING BUSINESS For the Canada Steamships Company the year opened full of promise in spite of the fact that there prevailed a world- wide money stringency. The company had completed its amal- gamation of the numerous companies which are now under one management, and it added three new vessels to its fleet during the course of the year—the Noronic, which runs from Sarnia to Fort William and Duluth; the W. Grant Morden, running between Fort William and Georgian Bay ports, and sometimes to Cleveland or Buffalo; and the new Longueuil ferry. Two of these vessels are the largest of their kind in the world. Both passenger and freight business were at least equal to last year up to the month of July. Then came the war, which affected the business of the Canada Steamships Line to a remarkable extent, although the officials believe that the con- tinuation of the war for another year or two would have an opposite effect. August, which is the banner month for the passenger business, found all travel suspended, and passengers obliged to return home to look after their personal interests on account of the outbreak of war. The great grain blockade in the port of Montreal, which lasted nearly one and a half months, tied up almost the entire grain fleet of the company at a time when rates allowed of a bare margin of profit. The partial failure of the crop in the Northwest allowed such a small export during the fall months that freight rates were practically slaugh- tered. The over-stocking of foodstuffs in British warehouses also had its effect in more or less curtailing the demand. The financial panic following the outbreak of war and the almost complete paralysis of general trade for a few months added to the difficulties confronting the company, and, although business generally is working back to normal in a very satisfactory way, it is too late for the company to benefit in the present year. The events which disorganized trade were so sudden that it was difficult to effect corresponding economies to the extent desirable. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the company has come through the season satisfactorily, all things considered, and is already reaching out and securing part of the increased busi- ness which is coming next year. Inquiries from all over the THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 85 United States indicate a heavy passenger business in 1915, as the half million tourists who usually visit Europe each season will have to find other fields of recreation. Canada is the most convenient field, and the directors and officers of the company are unanimously optimistic in their belief that there will be a great period of prosperity sooner than most people think. There may be some hardship owing to a general readjustment of finances and trade, but enormous new business, never handled in this country before, is developing to offset the curtailment in other lines. Reports to the company from the West indicate an increased acreage of all grains equivalent to approximately sixty per cent., and this with a normal harvest would tax all transportation lines to their utmost besides extending the period of transportation fully three months. Furness, Withy & Co., Limited, report a very successful season, having handled one hundred and sixteen Steamers, as compared with forty-five last year. These sailings were divided as follows:— Manchester Liners, Limited, to Manchester. . . . . . . . . . . 26 sailings Furness, Withy & Co. Line, to Hull. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Sailings Outside steamers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 sailings 116 sailings The total tonnage employed was 444,867 tons. This firm represents the Manchester Liners, Limited, and it has Operated a weekly service with their boats between Montreal and Manchester. The great advantage of being able to maintain a regular weekly direct service during the present unsettled conditions has been patent in their case as both import and export traffic show a distinct increase over last season. Furness, Withy & Company also operate their own steamers in a service between Montreal and Hull, -nd from Fowey to Three Rivers and Montreal, carrying cargoes of China clay. The outside tonnage handled was exceptional, sixty-eight of the steamers taking full cargoes of grain to ports in Great Britain, Continental and Mediterranean ports. 86 TEII, SEIIR.PING BUSINESS \ The Canadian Northern Steamships had fourteen sailings from Montreal last season. The passenger business in the early part of the season was excellent, particularly westbound, but their sailings were seriously disarranged in common with the other lines by the necessities of the Imperial Government, and the Royal Edwald and Royal George are still being used by the Imperial Govern- ment. The Royal George took the Princess Patricia Regiment from Levis, and is still transporting troops. In order to fill freight engagements, the steamers Uranium, Principello and Campanello were brought into the St. Lawrence service, and are now running between Halifax and Avonmouth, and it is likely they will be in the St. Lawrence trade again next ; *ason. Mr. T. R. McCarthy, steamship and freight broker, acted for seventy-six tramp steamers, sixty-six of which loaded 15,- 676,121 bushels of grain, over one-fifth of the total amount exported. Among the freights brought by these steamers were 6,659 tons nitrate of soda from Chili, in one vessel, 3,312 tons phosphate rock from Tampa in another, a large consign- ment of molasses from Barbados in a third, and 8,821 tons of corn in two vessels from Rosario. In addition to the above, he chartered several lake boats for grain, coal, pulpwood and pulp. Except for the months of August and November the Sincennes-MacNaughton fleet of steamers did “ Business as Usual.” During the summer until the outbreak of war the amount of business which fell to the company was up to expect- ations, but during the month of August it was very dull on account of the shipping being tied up. When the ships began to move their business got better in unison, and improved up to November 1st. Both the lake and ocean trade were dull. The company built four new tugs at Sorel, during last winter. They were given the following names: Aviso, Puncher, Edward-G., and Felicia-D. The Felicia-D. is the latest addi- tion to the fleet of harbor tugs for the port of Montreal, and has given entire satisfaction since it began its career in Septem- ber last. The others were built during the winter. THE SEIIPPING BUSINESS 87. Messrs. Thomas Harling & Sons, as the firm name became in October, before the outbreak of the war, accepted the agency of the Roth line of steamers from Antwerp and other ports to Montreal, with which they established a fortnightly service with westbound general cargo. On the outbreak of war this line of steamers was withdrawn, the head office of the company being in Paris and two of the partners being called to the front. As these steamers were under contract to carry full cargoes of wood pulp from Chicoutimi they did not take any outward cargo from this port. When the war commenced, Mr. Harling was in England, where he had been purchasing steamers for the Canadian Government. From the date of his return, about the end of August to the end of navigation, he loaded about thirty steamers with full cargoes from this port. Some of these steamers took grain, but the majority were chartered to load full cargoes of hay and oats for the Dominion Government. A number of others loaded miscellaneous cargoes for the Imperial Govern- ment, the cargo being principally transport waggons and mili- tary equipment. - - On October 1st, Mr. Thomas Harling took into partner- ship his son, Mr. William H. Harling, who had had a number of years’ experience in the shipping business, as well as con- siderable mercantile experience. Messrs. Thomas Harling and Son have chartered a num- ber of steamers in Canadian and American ports to carry horses for the French Government. This business will endure as long as the war lasts. What is regarded as the record cargo of horses out of New York has just been sent by this firm, 1,501 horses destined for France. The Elder-Dempster line reports an average season’s busi- ness. The War has not affected their South African trade in any way. During the seven months of navigation they made eight sailings to South Africa with full cargoes of flour and other articles. In addition to this regular business, the com- pany has had about twenty-five tramp steamers of various kinds to take cargoes of asphalt, lumber, sugar and other commodities to different ports. - 88 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS The New Zealand Shipping Company have maintained unbroken their monthly steamship service between Montreal and points in Australia and New Zealand. While the number of the steamers has not increased since 1913, larger steamers have been employed, and they have been sufficient to take care of the increased trade. Notwithstanding the war the trade has kept up well, and the company is now receiving inquiries for rates of freight on many lines of goods not heretofore carried. The expórts have consisted chiefly of rails, wire, automobiles, carbide, and a general cargo. The steamers have been calling at Cape Breton on the inward voyage for rails and other lines. Although these ships had to traverse the South Atlantic at a . time when the German commerce destroyers were abroad all of them reached their various destinations in safety. Steamers bearing coal for the Dominion Coal Company this year made 280 trips with 1,953,316 tons of coal for delivery to St. Lawrence river points, as compared with 1,714,276 tons during the navigation season last year in 258 trips, an increase of 239,040 tons. In addition to the total for 1914, arrange- ments have been made to deliver via Portland, Me., for this territory about 75,000 gross tons, making a grand total for the year in the St. Lawrence district of 2,030,000 gross tons. The greater part of this amount has been delivered in Montreal, 1,633,988 tons in all, as against 1,457,647 tons last year. Of this year’s deliveries in Montreal 643,27 9 tons have gone to Hochelaga and 990,709 tons to Windmill Point. Last year 629,- 716 tons went to Hochelaga and 827,931 tons to Windmill Point. The rest of the coal was delivered at the following points: Quebec, 109,968 tons this year as compared with 106,109 tons last year; Three Rivers, 163,636 tons this year as against 68,088 tons, and Lewis, 55,724 tons of coal as compared with 82,432 last year. Lewis, then is the only point showing a decrease in the amount shipped this year. - The season of 1914 was an average one for the Black Dia- mond Steamship Line—carrying general cargo and passengers to the lower ports and Newfoundland, except that the loss of the steamers “City of Sydney’” and “Cacouna ’” had the effect TEIE SELIPPING BUSINESS S9, - J. of curtailing somewhat the company’s operations in the freight and passenger service. * , - ; : *The number of cargoes despatched from Montréal during 1913 was 33, as against 26 cargoes handled during the past season of 1914. - : The Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company had a successful season, delivering along the St. Lawrence river between three and four hundred thousand tons of coal in addition to attend- ing to demands...elsewhere for their product. ... About half of this amount was delivered at Quebec, and the remainder in Montreal. p . . . . . - : . . . . . . While fewer vessels made fewer trips through the Lachine Canal during the past season than during 1913, the increased tonnage of these vessels was such that 59,118 more tons of cargo were carried than during the previous season. The season of 1914 has been the record one in the history of the port of Montreal for the carrying of cargo, the great increase having been made in grain. ... : * - Only 615 vessels with a total combined tonnage of 229,255, as against 664 with a combined tonnage of 239,377 in 1913, went through the canal, and they made 9,049 trips, or 1,148 less than last year. But, in making those 9,049 trips the total tonnage operated during the season just at an end was 4,989,972, an increase of 12,413 over 1913. The total number of tons of grain and miscellaneous cargo carried was 4,230,210 tons, an increase of 59,118 tons over 1913. Passengers carried during the season through the canal and down the rapids were 90,989, less-than 1913 by 16,084. . . . . . . . . . . While there was a decrease in the number of steamers during the year, as compared with the previous year there was an increase in the number of Canadian steamers from 171 with 105,173 tons burthen in 1913 to 190 with 125,168 tons in 1914. The American steamers decreased from .35:to 27, the Canadian barges and scows from 271 to 255; the American barges and scows from 11 to 9, and the American canal boats. from 176 tº 134 in 1914, so that the only, increase was in Canadian steamers: 8 . . . . . . . . . . ‘90 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS For this year the number of Let Passes issued were 5,764, a decrease of 871 from 1913. One hundred and seven rafts with 5,000 lineal feet of lumber each, totalling 535,000 feet in all. There were also 15 rafts of square timber comprising 354,722 cubic feet. An interesting light on the amount of cargo that goes westward to that which comes down into the port of Montreal is shown by the following comparison of the up and down figures: Number of trips up, 4,544; down, 4,505; tonnage of vessels operated—up, 2,469,404; down, 2,520,568; cargo ton- nage, up, 959,252; down, 3,270,958; passengers carried up, 27,576; down, 63,413. The grain and other products for export make the huge total of cargo down, as compared with the small amount of packing and other freight going up. The fact that over double the number of passengers are carried down to those carried up is accounted for by the popularity of the Rapids’ trips and the great number of Americans who take in the St. Lawrence attractions one way in their summer vacations. The grain carried into Montreal through the canal amounted to 67,343,952 bushels, an increase of 14,505,256 bushels over 1913. The great increase is in wheat, 49,889,243 bushels having come down or 18,348,550 bushels more than in 1913. Oats also increased 1,321,711 bushels over the 1913 amount brought down, 12,189,577 bushels having come down this year. Barley only exceeded 1913 by 622,249 bushels, the amount this year being 4,214,483 bushels. Rye was little more than last year, 273,222 bushels being brought down, as against 270,249 bushels the previous year. The great decrease was in flaxseed, which dropped away almost to nothing, the great record of 1913, when 6,384,936 bushels moved down, being replaced this year by 667,494 bushels. The only other decrease Was in corn, 109,933 bushels having come this year, as compared with 182,718 bushels last year. There were no peas or buck- wheat. The total increase this year over 1913 does not come up to the increase of 17,037,757 bushels of 1913 over 1912. There was a decrease of 232,044 tons in the amount of coal brought to Montreal and into the canal basin this year. Last THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 91 year 835,242 tons came to the harbour and this year only 604,758 tons. In 1913 the number of tons of coal delivered in the canal basin both from up and down the river amounted to 530,190 tons, as compared with 528,630 tons this year. In this amount is included the 95,078 tons of soft coal brought from the harbor up into the canal. Last year the amount so brought up was 105,341 tons. The pulp wood up the canal to Canadian ports, 22,740 cords, decreased by 1,702 cords, while that to American ports going up through the canal was 119,651 cords, an increase of 17,155 cords. In pulp the same tendency is more noticeable. The sixteen hundred tons sent up to Canadian ports was 1,131 tons less than in 1913, while the 36,012 tons sent to American ports was 25,643 tons in excess of the previous year, or nearly three and a half times as much. The net increase in pulp wood through the canal was 15,453 cords and of pulp 24,512 tons. Flour shows an increase of 626,959 sacks over 1913, this year’s amount being 1,091,990 sacks or 76,440 tons, as against 32,533 tons last year. The Dominion Government’s war gift has had a great influence in this increase. Other statistics of food products compared with 1913 are as follows: 14,909 cases of eggs this year, 2,310 cases less; 6,544 packages of butter, 924 less; 184,694 boxes of cheese, 13,604 less; and 30,448 barrels of apples, 14,221 less. The trips made in ballast this year for return cargoes are as follows: Steam vessels, 1,739 in 1914 and 1,160 in 1913, an increase of 579; sailing vessels, 1,679 in 1914 and 2,246 in 1913, a decrease of 567. The number of trips this year on which cargo was carried number 5,631, as against 6,791 trips last year. There was a large falling off in the amount of lumber which .came down from Ottawa for United States ports by American canal boats. There were 14,368 tons, or 8,620,800 feet board measure this year, as against 23,311 tons, or 13,386,600 feet in 1913. - The dearth of building in Montreal and other St. Lawrence River cities is reflected in the decrease of 15,775 tons of sand which went up the canal and the decrease of 33,755 tons in the 92 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS sand which came down, a total decrease of 49,530 tons. Going up this year went 65,713 tons and down 68,644 tons. The records for the season are as follows: Largest wheat cargo, 92,136 bushels or 2,765 tons, by Steamer Calgary from Port Colborne, on October 4th; largest cargo in number of bushels, 135,000 bushels of oats or 2,295 tons, by steamer A. E. McKinstry, on May 7th, from Fort William ; first grain vessel arriving, Arabian, of 770 tons, on April 29th, from Buffalo, with 64,941 bushels of oats; last boat arriving, Port Dalhousie with grain, on December 14th; largest cargo tonnage to a western point, 464,785 cords of pulp wood or 70,871 more than the largest in 1913; largest cargo tonnage eastbound of any commodity, 67,343,952 bushels of grain, or 1,834,469 tons, coal being next with 1,133,388 tons; largest coal cargo, 2,750 tons by Calgary, on June 20th; steamer with largest tonnage, Fordonian of 1,905 tons; barge with largest tonnage, Ungava, of 1,226 tons; greatest increase in grain, 18,348,550 bushels of wheat; greatest decrease in grain, 5,717,442 bushels flaxseed. The canal office has been open night and day, Sundays and holidays included, during the whole season. º --- - - - ºr ſºlº º - tº: - E-T-- = , ºf tº - **s-I - - - . --- º ºf Hº Hºn. ºf iſ 1. ſº iſſilii.º.º. Hiſ ºff iſ # * - - New Customs Examining Warehouse, Montreal - - i)isTANCE IN MARINE Mii#is ia ſ t; rt; St. Law RENCE # § rd H .# 3 É Tº e # BELLE ISLE # § g # # # # 3 5 RIVER o § slº s! 3 3 º, ºft| ? g; | f | # | 3 || K. SOUTH oft & #| # Tº 5 || 5 || 5 || 3 à & Fi] & |####| #| 3 || 2 |###| # 3 || > | H | } H || <3 : tº .# à | fiſ | P: - || 3 || 3 - Q) or "- • gº C.) g 35 -º O • * ~5 gº º § - --- * | 85 5 - g O .8 º . c. TE }- - ..: liº ||9&| 3 || 3 || 3 2.99) # 5, 3 || 3 | H | ... ANTICOSTI * | * | 2 || 3 | do | 3 | "a || 3 || 5 || 3 || 5 || 3 | o FIROM # *.*| #| 3 |#| 35 ; #| 3 | #| 3 || 3 § # | 3 | # #| 5 | #| 5 || 3 || 3 | #| 5 || # Gº |& |& ſº | CŞ ſº | H $4 || 5 || ſo | Cy ſº ſº FROM | 5 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 5 || 3 || 3 | # | 5 || 3 || 3 Montreal. ... . . . . . . . . 139|| 148] 154|| 160] 172| 184| 196 217) 226. 235| 249| 279| 297 Montreal. . . . . . . . . . 297 317| 340; 374| 399 432 463| 554 577| 799| 812| 872 Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . • * ~ * 9| 15| 21| 33| 45| 57 78. 87| 96 110 140|| 158|| Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . | 158. 178| 201 235| 260] 293 3 415 438|| 660 673| 783 St. Lawrence Point. [.. . . . . . 6| 12| 24| 36|| 48 69| 78; 87| 101| 131. 149 || IFather Point. . . . . . . . . . . . 20. 43| 77| 102| 135. 166|| 257 280 502| 515 575 St. John's Point. . . . . . . . 6| 18| 30| 42 (;3| 72| 81| 95 125 143 Metis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23: 57 82] 115|| 146|| 237 260 482 495. 555 Bellechasse......... • * * ...| 12| 24| 36 57| 66|| 75|| 89 119| 137 Matane. . . . . . . . . . . - - - & . . . 34 59| 12 123| 214, 237 459| 472 532 Crane Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 12 24 45| 54| 63| 77| 107| 125 Cape Chatte...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 58. 89| 180 203 425| 438| 498 illars.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 33| 42|| 51| 65| 95; 113 Martin River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...| 33| 64 155 178||400|| 413| 473 EAST - Cape Magdalen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...| 31|| 122; 145|| 367| 380| 440 Traverse Light Ship]....|... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21] 30| 39| 53| 83| 101 || Fame Point. . . . . . * * * * : * * * ...|....| 91 114 336||349| 400 Kamouraska. . . . . . . e e s - I - * * * : * * * * * * e e º f * * * * : * * * * 1 s a e º 'o - I w e º e 9| 18| 32 62| 80|| South Point. . . . . . s a º e i e a • . . . . . 23. 245' 258! 318 Pilgrims............ s a e º • * * * I e s e s ] e º e º j e º ºr e i = < e < 1 s = e < * * 9| 23 53| 71 || Heath Point. . . . . . - E - 4 . . . . . . . . . 222 235 295 Brandy Pots. . . . . . . • * * * i • * * * i < * * * | * * * * : * * * * : * * * * : * * * * * * 1 - - ... 14. 44 62|| Greenly Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...|....|................].... 18| 73. Green Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l. ...] 30 48| Point Amour. . . . . * e º e i e s - - - - - - - - - - - © 1 s e e º 'º - - - - - - - - - - - e ∈ E: I - - - - - - - - - - - - e. e. i - - . 60 Bic Island. . . . . . . . . . s - - - - - - - - - - e s a s • * * : - - - - - - - * * * * * * * - - - - - . . 18 - . a | - : G | 3 º # | 3 || 3 | }. - H - | PORTLAND via . H | } 'B' | "G Via § | # | 3 || 3 | # | 3 || 3 | g | 3 || 5 || 3: | # a 3 || 4 || 3 | # # | 6 || 3 || 3 || 3: O * | # ſº | # 3 3 § | 3 | Sº | H | 3 CAPE RACE and g § # à ºf 3 4 || 3 || 3 || 3 | # 3 Cape Race F | 3 || 8 || 5 || 3 || 3 || || || 3: & & | 5 || 5 || 3 - 5– a ‘ā 3 # 3 || 5 || 8 || 3 | #| | | | | 3 3 || 3 || | | E a 3 g | E | 3 | fig | 3 || 3 HALIFAX # #| 3 | * | | | g 3 | f | * | * | 3 | g FROM # #| #| 3 | #| 5 || 3 || 3 || 3 | ". . ; à # § 3 ; ; ; # | 3 | f | 3 || || 3 || 5 | # & ſº j 3 CŞ ſº | C tº Ö Ö; Ö Ö FROM & 3 = | 3 || 3 || 5 || 3 || 5 || 3 || 3 | = |& Montreal. . . . . . . . . . . .... 297 374 399 432 463 481 618, 690 827| 939, 959|....|| Portland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22. 45 65 188| 204] 253, 322 328, 358] 383 440, 798 Quebec............. . . . . . 158] 235| 260| 293| 324 345 479 551 688 800, $20 . . . . . Sequin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 43 168 184 231 300, 306. 336|| 36|| 418 776 Father Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 102| 135|| 166 187 329 393 530. 642 662|. Manheigan. . . . . . . • | . . . . . . . . . . 20 143 161. 208: 277| 283| 313| 33S 395 753 Cape Chatte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 | 58| 89| 110 | 244 3.16|| 453| 565| 585 Metinicus ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 141 188: 257 263| 293| 318| 375 733 Martin River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33| 64, 85 219. 291. 428, 540. 560|. Seal Island. . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * : * * * * º: 18; 65i 134|| 140|| 170, 195] 252 619 Cape Magdalen..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 52 186 258 395| 507 527|.. Cape Sable....... • * * * I e º e s - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 116| 122 152| 177| 234 502 Fame Point. . . . . . . . * g e º º 'º - . . . . . 21 155] 227 364| 476|| 496 . . Little Hope. . . . . . • * * * I e º e s - - - - i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69| 75|| 105] 130 187| 545 Cape Rosier........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * : * e g º q c 134 206| 343| 455| 475|.. Sambro Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 6| 36|| 61| 118 476 Bird Rocks......... ...l....l....'...l..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72| 209| 320|| 341 . . Chebucto Head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........'............ ...] 30 55' 112 470 Cape Ray.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 137| 249| 269|.. Egg Island. . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 25| 82| 440 St. Pierre.......... e s e e i s e º e i < e s e . . . . - - - e i s e s tº e º I - - - - - - - e º is tº e a 112| 132|.. Beaver Island........l........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....] 57| 415 Cape Pine.......... ...l..... . . . . . . . . . . - - - - * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e º e a . . . . . 20. . . White Head...... [...]...........................]...[...]... - e. e. e i e º e - 358 Montreal to Cape Race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959 Montreal to Belle Isle................... 872 Portland to Cape Race, via Halifax..... 798 Cape Race to Tory Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,740 Belle Isle to Tory Island................ 1,656 Cape Race to Tory Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,740 Tory Island to Liverpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Tory Island to Liverpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Tory Island to Liverpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Total..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,939 Total... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768 Total.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 Liverpool to Halifax direct.... . . . . . . . . . . ,444 Liverpool to Moville.................... 197 Liverpool to Portland direct............ 2,750 Halifax to Portland..................... 334 Liverpool to Belle Isle Straits........... Montreal to Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 direct...... 2,694 Watkins, Scotts, or Western Union Codes Thomas Harling & Son STEAM SHIP AGENTS and FREIGHT BROKERS Steamers loaded from Canadian Ports to all parts of the World. Charters negotiated. Marine Insurance effected.” CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED 407 Board of Trade Building :: MONTREAL NEWFOUNDLAND The Quickest, Safest and Best PASSENGER AND FREIGHT ROUTE To all parts of NEWFOUNDLAND is via the REID-NEWFOUNDLAND COMPANY Only Six Hours at Sea Steamers Leave North Sydney Every night except Sunday, on arrival of the I. C. R. Express, connecting at PORT AU BASQUES with the Reid-Newfound- land Company's Railway and Steamship System. Express Trains Leave St. John's, Newfoundland Every day except Friday, at 6 o'clock' p.m., connecting with the I. C. R. Express at NORTH SYDNEY every morning except Sunday. REID-NEWFOUNDLAND COMPANY, ST. JOHN’S, wºme * NEWFOUNDLAND. CUNARD LINE (CANADIAN SERVICE) PASSENGER AND FREIGHT SERVICE *. amº Sº , & New Twin Screw Steamers “ANDANIA’’ and “ALAUNIA," each 13,000 Tons EASTBOUND FROM MONTREAL (in Summer) PORTLAND, Me. (in Winter) to LONDON (pºai) WESTBOUND FROM LONDON and SOUTHAMPTON (oue...own to MONTREAL (in Summer) PORTLAND, Me. (in Winter) (Via Halifax, N.S.) CONNECTING AT PORTLAND WITH THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM Twin Screw Steamers “AURANIA,” 14,000 tons (blog.) “ANDANIA,” 13,300 tons. “ASCANIA,” 10,000 tons. “ALAUNIA,” 13,300 tons. “AUSONIA,” 9,000 tons. . ifitted with Marconi “Wireless,” Steam Heat, Electric Light, Electric Bells, Bilge Keels and Submarine Signalling Apparatus. • Cool Air for Meats, Cheese, etc. Cold Storage for Butter, Frozen Meats, Fruits, etc., on all Steamers. Favorite Steamers for Cheese and all Perishable Cargo. "Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and Western States For further information apply to all Railway Agents. THE CUNARD STEAMSHIP COMPANY, LIMITED NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO MINNEAPOLIS WINNIPEG THE ROBERT REFORD COMPANY, LIMITED, Montreal UEBEC TORONTO POR -ST. JOHN, N.B. Q TLAND, ME. ELDER, DEMPSTER LINES CANADA T0 SOUTH AFRICA M O N T H L Y S A I L I N G S F. R O M MONTREAL IN SUMMER AND ST. JOHN, N.B., IN WINTER FOR FULL INFORMATION APPLY TO ELDER, DEMPSTER & CO., LIMITED 319 BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING ESTABLISHED 1849 The Sincennes-McNaughton Line Limited Forwarders and Tug Line Proprietors Montreal Harbor Tugs DIRECTORS:: J. O. GRAVEL, President. A. A. LAROCQUE, Man. Director. YVON DUPRE, Sec.-Treasurer General Office : 75 Common Street, Corner Grey Nun Telephone Main 34 TUG OFFICE : Lock 1, foot of Lachine Canal, McGill Street Telephone Main 706 P. O. BOX 2775 DONALDSON LINE PASSENGER and FREIGHT SERVICE TWIN SCREW S.S. “LETITIA” 9000 TONS ALL YEAR ROUND CANADIAN SERVICE TO GLASGOW Weekly from Montreal during Season of Navigation and from St. John, N. B., during Winter Season In connection with the Canadian Pacific and Intercolonial Railways Passenger Service.—Excellent Accommodation for One-Class cabin (called second) and Third-Class Passengers on the Twin Screw Steamers “ LETITIA," “SATURNIA, '' “ATHENIA'' and “ CASSANDRA.'' Marconi Wireless, Bilge Keels, Speed, Safety. Favorite Boats for Horses and other Live Stock. Cold Storage for Butter, Meats, Poultry, Fruit, &c. Specially ventilated accommodation for Cheese, Provisions, and Apples. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and the Western States. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO D. J. DONOVAN, 349 Main Street. Winnipeg, Man. Western Freight Agent, H. E. LIDMAN, 183 North Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. 234 South LaSalle St., Western Pass. Agt. Y 208 Fourth St., South, Minneapolis, Minn. Chicago, Ill. 531 Granville St., Vancouver. OR ALL RAILWAY AGENTS. THE ROBERT REFORD Co., Limited, Montreal ST. JOHN, N.B. QUEBEC TORONTO PORTLAND, Maine *::/ Yº, S. "A - C tº * Q - N. A : \ . . •N A * * St. A sº & sº a a º º º - §§2% \ {º s 5-rºº º |W * Miſſºl º . º ~ /M • * Fº "lº | tºº. ºl Wºº. sºft- wº | || " ' " lººr Lºa:", tº & º | º: Tsº º * . ºw Hºrrrrrrrrrrºº . § • #: REETH:# = EF, º ºg º ºs ºs g = 5. Sº ===sº ". . . . . . . . S. :: *. º #ººs==ºfflºº # FREIGHT SERVIC **śº MONTREAL Three Rivers, Quebec, Saguenay Ports and Lower St. Lawrence including Summerside, Charlottetown and Pictou. Also between Montreal Toronto, Hamilton, Bay of Quinte Ports, and St. Lawrence Ports. Best and Cheapest Route for Export and Domestic Shipments. Through bills of lading issued in connection with all Ocean Lines. Export Rates include Montreal terminals. Special attention given to the handling of Butter, Cheese, Eggs, Apples, etc., shipments. MONTREAL DOCKS VICTORIA PIER McGILL STREET OTTAWA STREET COAL and COKE ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL A LSO F O U N D R Y CO KE O O O GEORGE'S CREEK CUMBERLAND FOR SMITHING PURPOSES O O O Rail shipment to all points on Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railways and their connections. FOR PRICES A PPLY Farquhar Robertson, Limited, 2O6 ST. JAMES STREET tºº. THOMSON LINE |FREIGHT SERVICE BETWEEN" Leith, Newcastle, Aberdeen, East Coast Ports of England and Scotland AND CALAIS DIRECT SERVICE FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN Sailings from Portland, Me., in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway during the Winter Season Favorite Boats for Cheese and all Perishable Cargo. Cool Air for Meats and Cheese, etc. Cold Storage for Fruit, Butter, Frozen Meats, etc. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and the Western States. For further information apply to HENDERSON BROS., 35 West Randolph Street, Chicago ALL RAILWAY AGENTS, OR THE ROBERT REFORD CO., Limited, Montreal ST. JOHN, N.B. QUEBEC TORONTO PORTLAND, Maine Dominion Bridge Co. LIMITED Engineers and Contractors. Steel Buildings of all kinds, Railway and Highway Bridges, Swing and Bascule Spans, Electric Cranes, Hoisting Appliances, Lift Locks, Turntables, Hydraulic Regulating - Gates, etc. CAPACITY 100,000 TONS Large Stock of Standard Structural Material at all Works HEAD OFFICES AND works: MONTREAL Branch Offices and Wörks: Toronto, Ottawa and Winnipeg ASBESTOCEMENT B UILDING MATERIALS REDUCE FIRE LOSSES ASBESTOSLATE makes roofs that are handsome, fireproof, practi. cally everlasting, and moderate in price. LINABESTOS Building Board prevents inside fires from spreading. It is quickly applied, and makes a permanent, attractive, yet inexpensive interior finish. ASBESTOS Corrugated Sheathing makes walls and roofs for Ware- houses, Factories, Garages, Stables and Barns that are ab- solutely weather and fireproof. . For full information about these Building Materials, and also about Asbestos Paper and Millboard, Asbestos Air-cell Pipe Covering, Asbestos Sheet and Piston Packing and other Asbestos Pro- ducts, write . | ASBESTOS-MANUFACTURING CO., Limited Address: E. T. Bank Bldg., 263 St. James Street, Montreal. Factory at Lachine, Que. (near Montreal). GENERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS OF THE GRAND TRUNK RY. SYSTEM AND THE CANADIAN EXPRESS CO. CANADIAN EXPRESS CO. Operating over the lines of the 4. - GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM, CANADIAN GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS and other important RAIL and WATER ROUTES CANADIAN FORWARDERS OF MERCHANDISE, VALUABLES, ETC. Special Rates and Facilities on Business between GREAT BRITAIN AND CANADA Money Orders, Travellers' Cheques, Foreign Cheques issued, payable at par everywhere General Offices, MONTREAL, Que. JOHN PULLEN, President THE STANDARD LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF EDINBURGH | Established 1825 Head Office for Canada - Montreal Invested Funds tº- {-> º - - $68,000,000 Deposits with Canadian Government - º tº 9,273,000 Investments Canadian Branch * •. Q_i 16,500,000 Unconditional Policies. Claims settled immediately on proof of death and title. World-Wide Policies. Family Trust Policies. Assurance effected on first-class - . lives “without medical examination.” j Apply for full particulars D. M. McGOUN, Manager. DOMINION COAL CO. LIMITED “DOMINION ?’ AND “SPRINGHILL ** CO A SCREENED, RUN OF MINE AND SLACK DISCHARGING PLANTs AT MONTREAL, QUEBEC and THREE RIVERS WITH Unexcelled facilities for Bunkering SALES OFFICE : 112 ST. JAMES STREET - MONTREAL Telephone MAIN 4491 Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. Limited Steel Works and Head Office, NEW GLASGOW, N.S. P R O P R I E TO R S, M I N E R S AND S H 1 P P E R S o F “Old Sydney” Bituminous Coal Unrivalled Facilities For Bunkering Collieries at Shipping Pier at Sydney Mines, Cape Breton North Sydney, Cape Breton *s. Manufacturers of Steel Merchant Bars, Sheets and Plates (from 12-gauge up to 1" thick. Any widths up to 50"). Heavy Forgings, Hammered Shafts. Nothing Required in Canada too Large for Us. Steam and Electric Car Axles, Fish Plates, Spikes and other Railway Materials, Tee Rails—12, 18, and 28 lbs. per yard. SI/ /ſ/ 3 JN %, &) firſt ( & F.3 Is There Any Reason why you should continue spending Dollars when you can secure the same results by investing Cents? No busi- ness should be called upon to stand such economic waste! ‘Then why travel to close a business trans- action, thereby incurring unnecessary ex- pense, when the same results can be attained by the Long Distance Telephone 2 ‘ſ Consider how you can apply the Long Distance Telephone to the special needs of your business. Every Bell Telephone is a Long Distance Station The Bell Telephone Co., of Canada \ % % | § 3. Beginners % TEngrauerg 3. º £ierfru- ~ āś% º fuperg % * % % %3%;% º %2% i * ** * º”. * % Ž. ſº ºº % ! | 'inſiſtilllinIIIlluſillitumuminimumumumuſt DESBARATS BUILDING, Beaver Hall Hill, M O N T REAL. The THOS. DAVIDSON M'F’G COMPANY, Limited MONTREAL ; : : TORONTO ; : : WINNIPEG ==== ºx-ºº-º-º-º-ºxºgs * ... * **. ENAMELED WARE, LITHOGRAPHED, PRESSED AND PIECED TINWARE, SHEET IRON AND STEEL WARE, ALUMINUM WARE, GALVANIZED WARE, COPPER WARE, WIRE GOODS, STOVES, RANGE BOILERS, ETC. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC Department of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries The chief minerals of the Province of Quebec are Asbestos, Chromite, Copper, Iron, Gold, Molybdenite, Phosphate, Mica, Graphite, Ornamental and * Building Stone, Clays, Etc. The Mining Law gives absolute security of Title and is very favourable to the Prospector. MINERS’ CERTIFICATES. First of all, obtain a miner's certifi- cate from the Department in Quebec or from the nearest agent. The price of this certificate is $10.00, and it is valid until the first of January following. This certificate gives the right to prospect on public lands and on private lands on which the mineral rights belong to the Crown. The holder of the certificate may stake mining claims to the extent of 200 acres. WORKING CONDITIONS. During the first six months following the staking of the claim, work on it must be performed to the extent of at least twenty-five days of eight hours. SIX MONTHS AFTER STAKING. At the expiration of six months from the date of the staking, the prospector, to retain his rights, must take out a mining license. MINING LICENSE. . The mining license may cover mining land up to a maximum area of 200 acres. The price of this license is Fifty Cents an acre per year, and a fee of $10.00 on issue. It is valid for one year and is renewable on the same terms, on producing an affidavit that during the year work has been performed to the extent of at least twenty-five days' labour on each forty acres. MINING CONCESSION. Notwithstanding the above, a mining concession may be acquired at any time at fixed rates of $5 an acre for SUPERIOR minerals, arid $3 for INFERIOR minerals. The attention of prospectors is specially called to the territory in the North Western part of the Province of Quebec, north of the height of land where important mineralized belts are known to exist. PROVINCIAL LABORATORY. Special arrangements have been made with POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL of LAVAL UNIVERSITY, 228 ST. DENIS, STREET, MONTREAL, for the determination, assays and analysis of minerals at very reduced rates for the benefit of miners and prospectors in the Province of Quebec. The well equipped laboratories of this institution and its trained chemists ensure results of undoubted integrity and reliability. The Bureau of Mines at Quebec will give all the information desired in connection with the mines and mineral resources of the Province, on application addressed to HONOURABLE HONORE MERCIER MINISTER OF COLONIZATION, MINES AND FISHERIES QUEBEC Howard Smith Paper Mills Limited, Montreal • * © Makers in Canada of the highest grades of loft dried— Fine Writing Papers—Under the ‘‘Beaver S '' Trademark— Watermark. ; : ; : ; : See that this watermark is in all the papers you use — it stands for the utmost your money can buy in Canadian 3. Made Papers. : : ; : ; : 3. The Montreal Lithographing Co. Limited Lithographers FINE COLOR WORK AND COMMERCIAL STATIONERY The Montreal Lithographing Company Limited 925 Ontario Street East S E A VI C E ‘The Gazette's Job Printing Department prides itself on the service it renders its cus- tomers. ‘It seeks Contracts with large users of printing for their entire requirements or it will quote on your work as you require it. * Either way it will give you Quality and Service The Gazette Printing Company Limited 38 St. Antoine Street :: MONTREAL MADE IN CANADA HAVE YOU CONSIDERED SU P E R FIN E LIN EN RECO ERD For Loose Leaf Forms, For Business Stationery, For Letter Headings, For All Commercial Printing, For Type-writer Paper, For Envelopes 2 For Complete Information and Samples write us The Rolland Paper Co. Limited High Grade Paper Makers General Offices: 384 St. Paul St. Mills at St. Jerome and Montreal, P.Q. Mont Rolland, P.Q. Steam Shovel excavating benches, Mount Royal Tunnel–Canadian Northern Rai - - - * -- - - | - - - º º S. - - - . - - |- - - - - º - t N sº lway The Royal Military College of Canada HERE are few national institutions of more value and interest to the country than the Royal Military College of Canada. Notwithstanding this, its object, and the work it is accomplishing are not sufficiently understood by the general public. - The College is a Government Institution, designed rimarily for the purpose of giving instruction in all j of military science to Cadets and officers of the Canadian Militia. In fact it corresponds to Woolwich and Sandhurst. The Commandant and military instructors are all officers on the active list of the Imperial army, lent for the purpose, and there is in addition a complete staff of professors for the civil subjects which form such an import- ant part of the College course. Medical attendance is also provided. Whilst the College is organized on a strictly military basis the cadets receive a practical and scientific training in subjects essential to a sound modern education. - The course includes a thorough grounding in Mathe- matics, Civil Engineering, Surveying, Physics, Chemistry, French and English. The strict discipline maintained at the College is one of the most valuable features of the course, and in addition the constant practice of gymnastics, drills and outdoor exercises of all kinds, ensures health and excellent physical condition. Commissions in all branches of the Imperial service and Canadian Permanent Force are offered annually. The diploma of graduation is considered by the authorities conducting the examination for Dominion Land Surveyor to be equivalent to a university degree, and by the Regulations of the Law Society of Ontario it obtains the same exemptions as a B.A. degree. The length of the course is three years, in three terms of 9% months each. - The total cost of the course, including board, uniform, instructional material, and all extras, is about $800. The annual competitive examination for admission to the College takes place in May of each year, at the headquarters of the several military divisional areas and districts. For full particulars regarding this examination and for any other information, application should be made to the secretary of the Militia Council, Ottawa, Ont., or to the Commandant, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ont. H.Q. 94-5. 12-13.-52332 ESTABLISHED 1867 A. A. AYER, President SIZE OF BUILDING, 100 x 245 FT. The A. A. Ayer Co., Limited MONTREAL EXPORTERS OF UTTER AND CHEESE Office : Warehouses: 576 St. Paul St. St. Paul, St. Henry and William Sts. We own by far the most extensive warehouse and cold storage in the trade and have every convenience for the cooling and rapid handling of Cheese and Freezing of Butter. All Cheese are received and handled in cool rooms, thus insuring freedom from the hot and tasty lots which frequently spoil profits and stop free consumption. Correspondence solicited. We give our personal attention to the buying and filling of orders for Export and for Home Trade. We are in touch with all the principal markets in Great Britain and our Great West and with nearly every cheese factory and creamery in Canada. Our buyers are always in attendance at the principal markets, viz.: Brockville, Belleville, Peterboro, Napanee, St. Hyacinthe, Cowans- ville, London, Ingersoll, as well as all other markets in Ontario and Quebec. We carry a full line of Cheese Factory and Creamery Supplies. ! T h e -S e T 1. al d e C h e- e | HE cheese industry of Canada for the season 1914 was a most remarkable one in many respects. It opened with the prospects favorable for an average make, as advices from all over the country indicated that the herds of cattle had wintered well, and were in good condition, but as the pasturing was not up to the mark in the early part of the season the flow of milk was not as large as expected, and the early make was some- what disappointing, for which there was an unusually good demand for both home consumption and for export to the mother country, as stocks were exhausted and, in consequence, prices for western cheese in the month of May were 3-8c to 1 5-8c per lb higher than the corresponding month last year, the average price being 12c, and from this on the condition of the market steadily grew stronger with an advancing tendency, the average price for June being 12.60c and for July 12.63c. At this point a great change came over the whole situation on account of the fact that a European war was declared on August 1st, which naturally created considerable excitement all over Canada, and exporters in consequence suspended operations in the country for the first week in August, but as the demand from English importers for cheese was keen at much higher prices, the Liverpool public cable having advanced 13s to 17s per cwt., from 62s to 63s per cwt., in the closing week of July, to 75s to 80s on August 7th, the country markets here in the second week of August opened up strong and higher and the average price for the month was 13.18C, but in the month of September the strength in the situation was more pronounced than ever and the highest price paid during the season and for many others past was made at the Wankleek Hill board - - - Canadian Cheese 112 THE CHEESE TRADE on September 3rd, when 16c per lb was paid, and the average price for the month was 1488c. The average price for western cheese in October was 14.92c, which is the highest on record for many years past. The course of prices in November was easier owing to the fact that the quality of cheese made in that month is not up to the standard, and the average was reduced to 14.61c. The production of cheese in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec continue to decrease steadily every year of late, which to some extent may be attributed to the fact that the herds of ¥milch cows throughout the country have been depleted some by the increased shipments of such stock to the Canadian Northwest and the United States during the past two years; in fact, there has been so many cows shipped to the Canadian West for dairy purposes in the above period that our butter trade with the West has dwindled down to almost nothing, but notwithstanding the decrease in the production of cheese, the farmer is nothing out of pocket as he received over $1,000,000 more for his product this year as compared with 1913. The average price paid for cheese in the country for the season 1914 was 13%c per lb., which shows an advance of 1¢ per lb as compared with the average figure paid last year, consequently the returns to the country amounted to $17,143,443, and adding 10 per cent, for freight, general handling and profit brings the total to $18,855,136 for the total receipts from May 1st to November 30th, 1914. From an exporter’s standpoint the season Cn the whole has been a most satisfactory one and probably the best as far as profits are concerned for some years past. After war was declared shipping became somewhat demoralized and uncer- tain, but taking everything into consideration the Steamship Companies done all in their power to meet exporters, and con- sidering the manner in which they handled the goods right up to the close of the season they deserve great credit. The exports of cheese from Montreal for the season 1914 amounted to 1,482,538 boxes as compared with 1,571,165 boxes for 1913, showing a decrease of 88,627 boxes. Placing the TEIE CEIEESE TRADE 113 average price at 13 1-2c per lb, and adding 10 per cent, for freight, general handling and profit makes the total value of the season’s exports $18,493,179. The shipments from Quebec this season amounted to 10,042 boxes, which on the same basis as the above represents $122,281. These cheese shipped from Quebec are included in Montreal receipts, having been shipped from Montreal to Quebec for shipment by steamers sailing from that port, consequently the total exports of Canadian cheese up to the close of navigation amounted to 1,492,580 boxes, as compared with 1,580,825 boxes, showing a net decrease of 88,245 boxes. The receipts of cheese in Montreal from May 1st, 1914, to November 30th, 1914, were 1,506,189 boxes, as compared with 1,588,009 for the same period last year, and the estimated stock of cheese in store in Montreal on December 1st, 1914, was 35,155 boxes as against 67,747 boxes on the same date in 1913, and 118,047 boxes in 1912. Some interesting facts in regard to an important section of the agricultural industry of Canada are contained in the report for the fiscal year ending with March 31, 1914, of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner of the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa. The dairy for many years has been a large contributor to the export trade, and though from causes that are associated with the development of the country, the extent of the foreign shipments has not increased in the past few years, the item is still a considerable one. During the past five years the variation in the value of exports has been as follows: 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23,159,000 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,709,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,104,000 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,714,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,193,000 The home market has been a growing one, and, according to the commissioner, has not only absorbed the increase in the industry but has curtailed the amount available for export abroad. The census of 1911 gave a basis of comparison with past records and for calculations as to yearly progress since. 114 THE CHEESE TRADE One feature that has been before alluded to is of special signi- ficance. Though between 1900 and 1910 there was only a moderate increase in the number of cows in the country, the general standard of the herds as milk producers was so raised that, possibly with the help of Some increase in the price of product, the value of the milk reported, which was $66,470,000 in the former year, was $109,339,000 in the latter. Carrying out the ratio of growth gives $123,000,000 as the value in the twelve months of 1913-14 reviewed in the report. So the export trade is not the one measure of the value of the industry. The increase in produc- tion, it is noted, is largely in the Western provinces, which may be taken as proof that, quite as soon as the outside advisers, the agriculturists of the country began to understand that diversified farming is a good thing. It is noted, too, that in Nova Scotia where agriculture seems to have lagged, recent experience indicates there is reason to believe that an extensive creamery business will soon be built up. A comparison of the items that made up the total exports in 1911 and 1914 gives an idea of the way the trade is being affected by events. The figures are: 1911 1914 Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,739,000 $18,868,000 Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744,000 309,000 Condensed milk . . . . . . . . . 469,000 667,000 Fresh milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 47,000 Cream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,714,000 1,289,000 Casein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,000 11,000 In the case of cheese it is stated that the manufacture as well as the export is declining. In 1904 the high mark of export was reached with 233,980,000 pounds. Last year the figure was only 144,478,000 pounds. Some of the falling away is attributed to an increase in home consumption. Most of it is due to the decrease of production, the milk that formerly went to the cheese factory being diverted to milk condensing stations and creameries and to supply the demand for milk THE CEIBESE TRADE 115 and cream in growing towns and cities. “The growth in the number of city creameries is quite a marked development of the last two years,” is the declaration of the commissioner. The exports of cream, it will be noted, were less last year than in 1911. They were, however, almost double in value the amount credited to 1913. After the new U. S. tariff came into force at the beginning of October last year there was a considerable movement of milk and cream across the border for two or three months, and, the duty having been removed, it was thought by some observers that the result would be a heavy and permanent diversion of business into new lines. It is early yet to assume that this will not be the case. The report notes, however, that after the opening of the present calendar year the shipments to the United States fell off rapidly, and it is added that at the present time there is very little export either of milk or cream over the border, except that which is covered by definite con- tracts. Of course, this state of affairs may be in part the result of conditions in the United States that will not be permanent. Some of Canada’s leading dairy Sections are fairly convenient to large cities of the Eastern States, and with no customs duty to check international trade in milk and cream it will be as easy to draw upon the Eastern Townships and Eastern Ontario as on many parts of New York State and New England. It is for the producer to decide what will pay him best. The home market is the chief reliance of the industry, and in the matter of butter calls for more than the home pro- ducer supplies. In the fiscal year 1913-14 there were imported 7,317,000 pounds of butter, much of it from New Zealand to the western provinces, but some of it to Montreal. This, how- ever, may not be a cause of reproach to anyone. The seasons in Canada and Australasia are different, and the import may be economically as well as commercially justifiable. It is an incident in a great business from which the country as a whole benefits in large and varied measure. . he following table shows the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for a period of years:– 116 THE CHEESE TRADE Quantity boxes. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482,538 1913. . . . . . . . tº C G e º º e o ºs e º º ºs e e gº 1,571,165 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,315 1908. . . . . . gº º º ºs º º e º e º 'º e º 'º º e º 'º 1,785,696 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & © tº 2,227,838 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 2,121,101 1904. . . . . . . . . tº tº e º te e º º ºs º ºs º dº tº º 2,114,639 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 1902. . . . . . tº º ſe it tº e º te º 'º º e º O & ſº tº gº 2,109,171 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . te 1,791,613 1900. . . . . . . . . tº º ºs e º e º O & 6 s tº e º 'º 2,077,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900,000 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,985 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,237 Price per box. $11.07 10.25 .04 84 .80 . 20 , 60 50 .40 . 50 .80 .00 . 50 .00 . 00 .75 . 35 .75 .75 1 0 TValue. $18,493,179. 16,104,441 17,299,130 17,816,953 16,651,668 17,225,298 17,142,681 18,747,461 20,941,677 18,029,358. 14,379,545 21,563,338 17,927,000 12,541,291 16,560,000 14,698,000 12,065,000 14,195,000 11,605,000 The figures showing the shipments from Montreal to the various ports in detail for a period of years follow:— POrtS. London Liverpool Bristol Manchester Glasgow Leith Hull tº e º tº º South Africa. . . Aberdeen . . . . . Total . . tº e º ºs e º 1914. ... 775,584 . . .317,180 . 228,814 38,509 . . 41,105 ... 34,903 ... 18,532 ... 10,905 tº º 4,144 3,757 1913. 1912. 734,121 735,149 336,022 362,834 293,435 369,037 63,236 94,988 57,368 72,435 40,762 46,335 21,722 24,298 18,651 12,665 3,7 i9 1,38S 1,730 1,671 1,939 51 161 399 70 1911. 837,256 404,788 367,147 77,932 66,112 31,198 13,527 1,003 1,650 2,224 487 1,342 1910. 1909. 845,962 786,401 432,656 456,767 402,142 385,876 76,540 66,590. 71,195 98,049. 43,936 46,971 8,903 14,918. 4,263 3,545. 3,725 6,231 1,908 1,174 958 1,345. 4,428. ... 1,482,538 1,571,165 1,723,021 1,810,666 1,892,325 1,872,315. #-i 0t #-3 Öt #-3 OT 8-8 II Z-T OI II #-3 OT Z-T II 3-I () [ 8-1, 0I 9I-6 OT #-T II 8-3 OT 8-9 OI 8-3 OT 9T-I. TI 8-3 OT 8-1, 0T 9T-1, 0T II 8-3 OT 9T-9T OT Z-T 0I Z-T II #-I 0T II 8-T 0I #-T II "O *O ‘AOr I "UžIH —0I6T- —: SIBOM JO poſſed 6 Ioj pub UOS80s out 5uſ.Imp Saojid UI SUOI!enjong ouT MOUS SøInāg #-g "O : : 8T 8T 8T 3T ZI II II OT II OI TT ‘AOrT —II6T- g- #- . 9T 9I £I 8T ZT ZT IT IT IT “U.S.H. 8-I 8-9 #-T "O : : ZI ZT ZI 2I ZI ZT ZI ZT ZI 3I ŽI ‘AOrI —ZI6I— 9I-II 8- ), #-g 9I-8T 8-I #-9 9T-GT 8- ). *O : : 8T 8T 8T 8T §I 8T 8T 8T 8T 8T 8T #T "UžIH #-3 OT 3-I &I 8- I ZI 91-8 8T ZI 8T Z-I ZI ſº I gT Z-I & I g- I gT 8-9 3I 3-I 3I 8-9 ZT 8T 8-9 ZT #-T 8T # - I ZI 9T-g 3T g-I ZI Z-T 3T #-T II 9T-8T ZI †-T II 8T 8- ), 0I ZT 0T 8-9 ZI *O "O "Aor I ºu 3 IIH —£I6T- 3- I gi 8-1, #f #I 8-1, #I 8- ), 3I 8-T gT #I Z-I gT 8-g 3T 3+ T GI 3-I 8T 9i #-T ZI 91-g pi ZI 9T-g|I #I 9T-1, II #-3 ZI ZI 8-T 3I Z-T II 8T ZT 9T-T 8T II ZT 9T-6 II #-3 ZI *O *O "Aor I "UžIH —#T6T- 3up/A0IIoj at J. 118 TEIE CHIEESE TRADE The monthly fluctuations in the Liverpool market during the seven months of the season for a period of years follow :- —1914— —1913— —1912— —1911— IHigh. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. . S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6 65 0 61 6 57 0 74 0 68 0 56 6 55 0 June . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6 59 0 65 0 57 6 70 6 63 6 56 6 54 0 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 0 61 6 64 6 62 0 65 0 62 6 59 0 56 0 August . . . . . . . . . . 80 0 69 0 65 6 64 0 67 6 64 6 66 0 59 0 September . . . . . . . 74 0 72 6 66 6 65 6 66 6 65 6 70 6 65 0 October . . . . . . . . . 76 6 73 6 66 0 62 6 66 6 64 6 70 6 68 6 November . . . . . . . 77 6 75 0 66 0 64 0 65 0 62 0 70 6 69 6 The following shows the average 1 rice per cwt. of Cana- dian cheddar cheese in London for a period of years:– Year Average ended for year June 30. per cwt. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68s 3d 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64S 8d. 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • e º º 'º 71S 5d. 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59S 8d. 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60S 6d 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63S 0d 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62S 10d. 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64s 1d 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61S 0d In reviewing the dairy industry for the year ending June 30th, 1914, W. Weddell & Co., Limited, of London, Eng., says:– There is generally not much comment to be made about the quality of Canadian cheese. It will be remembered that the autumn of 1912 was wet in Canada and the cheese did not keep as well as usual in consequence. Last autumn, however, the quality was up to the usual standard. The Government of Quebec have for the past few years taken a special interest in the cheese industry of that province, and are giving grants towards the building of up-to-date factories and the educating of cheese makers in the latest and best methods of manufacture. In 1913 there was a distinct improvement in the quality of a TEIE CELEESE TRADE 119 great portion of the Quebec cheese output, and one of the Associations there which handles 5,000 tons is making a special effort to bring its quality up to that of the best Ontario cheese. As a general rule the cows in Quebec give richer milk than those in Ontario, so that there is no insuperable reason why it should not be made into better cheese. So recently as in 1904 Canada sent 98,306 tons of Cheddar cheese to the United Kingdom, but during the past year supplied only 60,763 tons. This falling away of 37,543 tons has been gradual, but during the past season the decrease of 5,661 tons or 8.5 per cent. was to a very considerable extent caused by a drought in Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec, though the growing demand for the rapidly increasing Canadian popula- tion was a great factor in the question. The reduction in the tariff for cheese entering the United States has not had so much effect in drawing Canadian cheese over the border as was expected. It has however led to increased imports of other descriptions, such as Italian and Swiss, with the result that the price of cheese generally has been reduced to American con- Sumers to such an extent that at the present time there is little profit in the import of Canadian. New Zealand cheese showed considerable improvement in the early part of the season but it still lacks uniformity in flavour and make. A nearer approach to a creamy white—not a dead white—and a brighter medium red (not a deep red for which the demand is only limited) would be an improvement. The use of scale boards would pre- vent a large amount of existing damage done by the centre board. The cheese is now shipped too green. If it were: kept a month or six weeks before the shipment as formerly it could then be carried in the steamer at a lower temperature. This would prevent the cheese sticking to the centre board land would enable it to arrive in London in better condition. The grading would be more reliable as the cheese making warrants further experiments. Australian cheese comes mostly from Queensland, and while the quality of some factories com- pared favourably with that of New Zealand, the great bulk left room for considerable improvement. Generally the cheese was 120 THE CHEESE TRADE too acid, the texture too open, and the red too pale. . Larger cheese from 80 to 85 lbs., upright and with sharp edges would find a readier sale. Canadian cheese owing to short supplies made higher prices than for any of the past ten years except 1912, the average for that year being 71s 5d per cwt. against 68s 3d for 1914. The effects of the reduction of the duty on butter and cheese and the admission of cream free into the United States from October 4th, 1913, to April, 1914, are as follows:—Im- ports of butter have increased by 2,676 tons (750 per cent.), cheese by 4,742 tons (34 per cent.), and cream by 746 tons (50 per cent.), a total of dairy produce of 8,164 tons. The following shows the imports of Canadian and other cheese into the United Kingdom for a period of years:– Year New Total United Grand ended Canada. Zealand. Australia. Colonial. States. Foreign. Total. June 30, TOn S. TOn S. TOnS. TOnS. TOn S. TOnS. TOnS. 1914. . . . . . 60,763 33,856 1,067 95,686 1,169 23,222 118,908 1913. . . . . . 66,424 29,489 238 96,151 842 21,245 117,396 1912. . . . . . 72,690 24,993 93 97,775 2,470 19,063 116,838 1911. . . . . . 76,457 20,457 617 97,330 7,045 24,134 121,464 1910. . . . . . 79,661 22,651 207 102,519 1,700 20,305 122,824 1909. . . . . . 76,402 16,572 tº tº º 92,974 3,765 23,850 116,824 1908. . . . . . 81,428 13,152 53 94,663 4,712 23,962 118,595 1907. . . . . . 90,679 8,597 160 99,436 8,638 26,154 125,590 1906. . . . . . 95,884 5,870 ... 101,754 10,676 28,308 130,062 1905. . . . . . 92,308 4,072 e e º 96,280 9,387 25,682 122,062 ‘1904. . . . . . 98,306 4,111 18 102,435 14,334 33,342 135,777 1903. . . . . . 87,883 2,617 © tº º 90,500 17,785 39,099 129,599 1902. . . . . . 76,297 2,710 tº e e 79,007 26,154 20,091 125,252 1901. . . . . . 77,267 4,186 7 81,460 28,034 21,544 131,028 1900. . . . . . 70,549 3,973 180 74,702 32,183 21,720 128,605 Canadian Branches: NAPANEE BELLEVILLE BROCKWILLE WINNIPEG CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I. Hodgson Brothers & Rowson Exporters and Commission Merchants 65, 67, 69 WILLIAM ST, MONTREAL ALSO - Rowson, Hodgson & Co., Limited, 35 TOOLEY ST., LONDON, S.E., ENGLAND OUR extensive Refrigerators are the Most Improved and of the best modern plans for the cooling and storing of CHEESE AND BUTTER We are in direct communication with all the best Manufacturers of both Butter and Cheese THROUGHOUT CANADA ORDERS RECEIVE OUR PERSONAL SUPERWISION AND ATTENTION "Your price is too high!" HE salesmen of the Gazette's Job Printing Department sometimes run across this ex- planation for work being placed elsewhere. ‘ſ Ninety-nine times out of a hundred the man who offers it is a far better judge of a beefsteak than he is of printing. Because he knows some- thing about beefsteaks he would not walk into a fifteen cent restaurant and expect to get the same beefsteak that would be served to him for a dollar in a first class place. ‘IYet all printing is no more alike than are all beefsteaks. ‘The quotation with which the Gazette sup- plies you is based on a cost-finding system worked out from thousands of jobs done in an efficient plant by picked workmen, with stock purchased at rock-bottom prices by the largest purchaser of printing material in Canada, plus a reasonable amount of profit. The element of “guess” is as negligible as a printer can make lt. ‘. In other words, a dollar's worth of Gazette printing represents a dollar's worth of good value. ‘The printer who promises you more is either opening the door for the bailiff or skinning both you and the job. The Gazette Printing Company *g. Limited 38 ST. ANTOINE STREET, MONTREAL Cable Address : “HODGECO 2* Montreal. Codes furnished on application and Registered Cable Addresses arranged. George Hodge & Son LIMITED (Affiliated with Gunn, Langlois & Co., Limited) Produce Commission Merchants AND EXPORTERS OF BUTTER AND CHE ESE All orders, whether for prompt or future shipment, receive our personal supervision, and special attention given to selection of goods for storing in FIRST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. WE BUY DIRECT FROM MANUFACTURERS IN THE COUNTRY, and are in close touch with operations on all markets during season of production. All enquiries by wire or mail will meet with prompt attention. WE STRIVE TO PLEASE OUR PATRONS. 118 KING STREET º tº . tº MONTREAL ſkullert ſampaint & 5ut Established 1864 iſintifeh Cable Address: Broomfield IN SURANCE MARINE, PARCEL POST BAGGAGE, REGISTERED MAIL, YACHT, AUTOMO- BILE, FIRE, MOTORBOAT 1-5 St. John Street :: :: Montreal Co-Operative Wholesale Society LIMITED Central Offices, - - Manchester PRODUCE, PROVISION, WHEAT AND LEATHER EXPORTERS Montreal Office, 36 St. Peter St., A. C. Wieland, Representative BRANCHES AND BUYING DEPOTS. Newcastle on Tyne Cardiff Copenhagen, Gothenberg, Denmark Sweden London Liverpool Aarhus, Denmark Armagh, Ireland Bristol New York, U.S.A. Esbjerg, Denmark Cork, Ireland Northampton Winnipeg, Man. Odense, Denmark. Limerick, Ireland PRODUCTIVE WORKS. Leicester, Boots and Shoes Leeds Clothing Factory Heckmondwike, Boots and Shoes Leeds Brush and Mat Works Rushden, Boots and Shoes Dunston-on-Tyne Flour Mill Crumpsall Biscuit Works Silvertown Flour Mill Manchester Tobacco Works Star Flour Mill, Oldham Manchester Bacon Factory Avonmouth Flour Mill Manchester Sun Flour Mills Desborough Corset Works Middleton, Jam, Preserves and Pickles Longsight Printing Works Broughton, Furniture, Mantles, Shirts Hartlepool Lard Refinery Pelaw Works Littleborough Flannel Mill Brislington Butter Factory Hucknall Huthwaite Hosiery Factory Irlam, Soap, Candles, Lard, Starch Bury Weaving Shed Batley Woolen Cloth Factory Longton Crockery Depot Luton, Cocoa and Chocolate Herning Bacon Factory Sydney Oil and Tallow Factory Tralee Bacon Factory Also Agents for Scottish Co-Operative Wholesale Society, Limited, Central offices, Glasgow. -- º *** - - - - ----- º: º * -- ºr " º * * * * º - - - - - = -º - - - - º-ºººº-ºº: -º-º-º-º. T * Tº tº The Macdonald Hotel, Edmonton, Alberta (under construction) Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Cable “ MAPLELEAF'' Montreal Code used “THE ALEXANDER '' | JAMES ALEXANDER, Limited FIRST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE E X P O R T E R S OF Blu TTER A N D CHE ESE 600, 602 and 604 St. Paul St., Montreal BRANCHES : Belleville Kingston Brockville Quebec Ingersoll Established in Canada 1874 P. O. Box 1162 Cable Address: ** HELMSVILLE '' OFFICE - MAIN 8422 HOUSE, WESTMOUNT 327 HARRY A. HODGSON Produce Commission Agent BEST COLD STORAGE FACILITIES FOR BUTTER AND CHEESE - Telephones { Special attention given to consignment of But- ter and Cheese for sale in Canada or Great Britain 63 William Street, MONTREAL Que DALE & COMPANY LIMITED MONTREAL HALIFAX TORONTO VANCOUVER Marine Agents in Canada for Alliance Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. British and Foreign Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. British Dominions General Insurance Co., Ltd., of London, Ing. Commercial Union Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation, of London, England. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Standard Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.; of Liverpool, Eng. Thames and Mersey Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. Fire British Dominions General Ins. Co., Ltd., of London, Eng. J. B. CLEARIHUE, President J. R. CARMEL, Secy.-Treas. THE GOULD COLD STORAGE CO. Cold Air Circulation Perfect Ventilation O O O Cold Storage for BUTTER, CHEESE, E G G S, FRUIT, POULTRY, MEAT, etc. OFFICES AND STORES - Corner of Grey Nun and William Streets (Centre of Provision and Fruit Trade) TELEPHONE MAIN 4808 Beveridge Paper Co., Limited Successors to The Wm. Cauldwell Paper Company, Limited NEWS, MILLBOARD, WOODBOARDS, BAGS AND TWINES KRAFT, GLAZED AND UNGLAZED Also Writings, S.C. and M.F. Printings and Tissues and all Imported Papers 17 and 19 St. Therese Street, MONTREAL, Que. Canadian Pacific Railway THE MARKET REPORTS PRINTED DAILY IN Qſhe (#5azette ARE ADMITTED TO BE THE BEST PUB- t LISHED IN CANADA SUBSCRIPTION: $6.00 PER YEAR Address : SMEATON WHITE, President Gazette Printing Company, Limited, Montreal THE KENT CO. LIMITED MONTREAL, QUE. O O CONTRA CTO RS FOR COLD STORAGE INSULATION NON PAREIL CORKBOARD, NON PAREIL BRINE, COLD WATER AND ICE WATER CO RK PIPE COVERIN G, N ON PAREIL HIGH PRESS U RE STEAM COVERING C O R K B R I C K F L O O RS FOR COW ST ALLS, CALF AND BULL PENS, HORSE STALLS, SHEEP PENS AND PIGGERIES Catalogues and Samples on Request The Butter Business HERE has been some important changes in the butter business during the past year owing to several reasons. In our past two issues of this annual review of the trade we referred principally to the falling off in the export trade, owing to the decreased production in Canada, and the increased consumption, of which the latter was chiefly due to the big demand from the Canadian Northwest and British Columbia for supplies, but since this date two years ago mixed farming throughout the West has increased largely, new creameries have been built, and in consequence, the production of butter in that part of Canada this year was more than sufficient to satisfy the requirements, in fact, they had some to spare which was shipped to British Columbia, consequently the demand from this latter point was far from being up to the average, as with the supplies they were receiving from New Zealand and the above point, the trade was well supplied, and little Eastern creamery was required, as the consumer prefers New Zealand creamery butter, and will pay 16 to 2c per pound more for it than Eastern creamery. The production of butter in Eastern Canada from May 1st to November 30th, 1914, according to the receipts posted at the Board of Trade was over 71,000 packages smaller than the corresponding period in 1913, but notwithstanding this fact a larger export trade was done than for the past two years. The demand from foreign buyers set in in the early part of August and as prices here during the first three months of - Dairy Butter 130 THE BUTTER BUSINESS the season were much lower than in 1913, exporters were in a position to do some business, but as soon as this was made public the market became excited and prices advanced from the first of August to the middle of September 4% c per pound, which checked any further business being done for the balance of the season. The Quebec Agricultural Co-operative Society sold by auction during the season 31,806 packages of creamery butter. The average price realized for pasteurized was 26.05c; finest 25.88c, and fine 25-16c per pound. The lowest price paid for finest creamery was 22%c per pound in the month. of May, and the highest 29% c in the month of September, while the high point for the season 1913 was 31%C, and the low point 23c per pound, but the range of prices for the season 1912 was from 24%C to 35%g per pound. The exports of butter from the port of Montreal for the season 1914 amounted to 7,300 packages, as compared with 1,728 packages last year, showing an increase of 5,572 packages, and an increase of 7,230 ſpackages as compared with 1912, and a decrease of 127,203 packages with 1911. . Placing the average price paid at 25% c per pound or $15,45 per package of 60 pounds, and adding 10 per cent. for freight, general handling and profit, the total of the season’s exports amounted to $115,792. The shipments to British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest were 29,250 packages, as compared with 115,500 packages for Established 1778 SMEATON WHITE, President S - MONTREAL THE OLDEST NEWSPAPER —=— IN CANADA— SUBSCRIPTION - - $6:00 PER YEAR Gazette Printing Co. Limited, Montreal THE BUTTER BUSINESS 131. 1913, and 166,250 packages with 1912. The receipts of butter in Montreal from May 1st, 1914, to November 30th, 1914, were 365,765 packages, as compared with 437,195 packages for the same period in 1913. The stock of creamery butter in store in Montreal on November 30th, 1914, was estimated at 106,293 packages, as compared with 116,645 packages for the same date a year ago. - The following shows the exports of butter from Montreal with the estimated value for a period of years:– Quantity Price pkgS. per plag. Value. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,300 $15.45 $ 115,792. 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * 1,728 15.90 27,475 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 16. 20 1,134 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,503 12. 88 1,732,398 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,884 13. 16 366,753 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,443 12.88 508,025 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,416 13.56 1,266,720 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,773 13. 30. 888,080 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,400 13. 20 4,770,480 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573,449 12.90 7,397,492 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,800 10.80 5,295,240 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,277 12.00 4,059,324 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539,845 12.50 . . 6,748,262 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,000 14.70 6,027,000 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 14.00 3,640,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451,050 13. 30 5,998,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,000 13.25 3,807,500 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,000 12.50 2,697,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,221 12.25 1,800,000 The following shows the shipments of butter in detail for a period of years:— - •. - 1914, 1918, 1912, 1911, 1910, 1909. 1908. Bristol ......... 6,185 1,728 ..... 59,579 17,009 25,160 58,476 Liverpool . . . . . . 65 .... . . . .... 21,133 4,466 2,347 6,677 London . . . . . . . . 1,050 . . . . . . . . . . 48;925. 3,937 7,572 26,371 GlasgOW . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,066 1,197 3,474 5,294 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 400 1,025 ..... , 1,598 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 700 Total....... 7,300 1,728 70 134,503 27,884 39,253 93,416 132 THE BUTTER BUSINESS The fluctuations in prices during the seven months of the season, with a comparison with previous seasons, follow :— —1914— —1913— —1912— —1911— High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. C. May . . . . . . . . . 23% 22% 26%. 25% 27 25 23 21% June . . . . . . . . . 24% 23% 26%. 25 25% 24% 22% 22 July . . . . . . . . . . 25 23 26 23 26% 25% 23 22% August . . . . . . . 28% 24% 24% 23 26% 26 23% 22% September . . . 29% 26% 27% 24% 28% 26% 26 24%. October . . . . . . 28 26%. 28% 26% 30 28% 27 26% November . . . . 27 26 28% 27 30% 28% 29 28% With reference to butter, W. Weddel & Co., Limited, of London, Eng., says:—The total imports of butter into the United Kingdom for the year ending 30th June, 1914, were 213,434 tons, as compared with 199,310 tons in the previous year, showing an increase of 14,124 tons. From oversea sources within the British Empire the receipts were 42,726 tons, and from foreign sources 170,708 tons, in each case 7 per cent. greater than in the year 1913. The country showing the largest increase was Denmark, her total shipments being 88,935 tons against 82,546 tons last year, or an increase of 6,389 tons. The receipts from Russia were 41,056 tons against 35,194 tons in the previous year, showing an increase of 5,862 tons. The third place was taken by New Zealand with 16,609 tons, being an increase of 3,193 tons; Sweden and Holland complete the list with increases of 1,996 tons and 988 tons respectively. The imports of Australian butter so far as quantity is con- cerned have been disappointing, as they amounted to only 26,- 076 tons, or 338 tons below the total of the previous twelve months. The past season in New Zealand was remarkably bountiful and the output of dairy produce constituted a record for the Dominion. The shipments of butter alone amounted to 16,609 tons, which exceeded those of the previous year by 3,193 tons, or nearly 24 per cent., and were only once before surpassed, viz.:-in 1910, when they totalled 16,705 tons. Owing to the shipping strike in the Dominion last October shipments were greatly delayed and the sale of New Zealand butter in the THE BUTTER BUSINESS 133 United Kingdom was disorganized during the early part of the season. - - . It is pleasant to be able to report that Australian butter was more free from defects during the past season than usual, and it is to be hoped that this improvement in quality will continue, for nothing less than a great improvement in the quality of the bulk of Australian butter can save the industry from disaster. Unfortunately it is not possible to point to any betterment in New Zealand butter generally this season; some of the best factories have given up butter-making, and from among others there was shipped a larger proportion than usual which was not strictly choicest. As the custom of making it from collected cream is spreading that may be the cause. This custom has been practised in Australia and America but has failed there, though strenuous efforts are being made to prevent its total condemnation. Butter-making is a fermentation indus- try, and it is impossible to mix creams of various ages together So that all ripen at the same time. Butter made from such creams must inevitably lose a great part of its delicate flavour and its sound keeping qualities. - . The following shows the importations of Canadian and past decade:— other butter into the United Kingdom for the Year - New Total ended Can- Aus- Zea- Colo- United Den- Total Grand June 30. ada. tralia. land. nial. States. mark. Foreign. Total. 1914. . . . 41 26,076 16,609 42,726 88,935 170,708 213,434 1913. . . . . . . . 26,414 13,416 39,830 . . . 82,546 159,840 199,310 1912. . . . 2,997 33,677 16,183 52,857 795 80,398 147,338 200,195 1911 . . . . 776 44,395 15,852 61,023 538 88,379 161,767 222,790 1910. . . . 1,162 28,770 16,705 46,637 4 84,632 164,327 210,964 1909 . . . . 2,386 16,180 13,631 32,197 1,201 93,050 178,378 210,575 1908. . . . 1,862 22,396 11,492 35,750 884 91,248 165,384 201,134 1907. . . . 8,220 34,023 14,852 57,095 3,367 87,273 162,182 219,277 1906. . . . 15,145 26,950 15,177 57,275 8,445 81,261 158,221 215,493 1905. . . . 12,847 23,368 15,667 51,882 2,367 83,520 152,015 203,897 1904. . . . 9,879 19,655 15,836 45,370 2,190 88,150 173,573 218,343 1903. . . . 13,238 1,053 9,575 23,866 2,490 88,903 176,320 200,136 1902 . . 11,491 7,449 8,295 27,235 4,894 82,757 160,672 187,907 1901. . 7,532 15,556 8,912 32,000 6,600 75,664 143,459 175,459 1900. . . . 11,932, 17,653 7,949 37,534 4,379 71,708 133,957 171,491 1899. . . . 3,151 9,764 4,528 22,443 5,783 74,977 142,193 164,630 1898. . 5,962 7,337 3,933 17,732 5,772 69,051 141,426 159,158 T H E Linde Canadian Refrigeration C.O., LIMITED, 37 ST. PETER ST, MONTREAL. Manufacturers of THE LINDE Ice and Refrigerating Machinery ALSO CORK INSULATION & º- .” - . . . . . A sº sº. º Our New Vertical Ammonia Compressor Canadian firms should support home in- dustry by purchasing products which are • MADE IN CANADA We have been established and manufac- turing in Canada this past eighteen years Montreal the Leader FEATURE of the season in the exports of dairy pro- duce is the fact that the shipments of butter and cheese from the port of New York for the eleven months ending November 30th, 1914, show an increase as compared with last year, while the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for the seven months ending November 30th, 1914, show a decrease, Banff Springs Hotel, Banff, Alberta—Canadian Pacific Railway and the exports of butter an increase. The exports of butter from New York for the above period amounted to 2,927,000 pounds, and cheese 1,864,000 pounds, as compared with 1,459,- 000 pounds of butter, and 1,232,000 pounds of cheese for the corresponding period in 1913, which show an increase of 1,468,000 pounds of butter, and an increase of 632,000 pounds of cheese, and an increase of 695,000 pounds of butter, but a decrease of 467,000 pounds of cheese as compared with 1912, and a decrease of 1,711,000 pounds of butter, and a decrease of 136 MONTREAL THE LEADER 7,560,581 pounds of cheese with 1911. The exports of cheese from the port of Montreal from May 1st, 1914, to November 30th, 1914, amounted to 121,568,116 pounds which shows a very large increase over the New York figures, but the exports of butter from Montreal for the same period only amounted to 438,000 pounds which are smaller than those from New York. From New York the exports for a period of years during an eleven months’ period ending November 30, are as follows:– Butter, lbs. Cheese, lbs. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,927,000 1,864,000 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459,000 1,232,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,232,100 2,331,060 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,638,400 9,424,581 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958,550 2,276,343 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528,750 4,353,000 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,576,250 11,892,060 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617,410 11,541,140 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,355,900 23,474,040 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,296,500 12,889,860 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,295,500 22,170,060 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,526,750 25,991,680 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,332,305 21,467,440 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,990,290 30,542,560 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,431,950 45,192,300 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,410,250 30,423,320 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,114,450 30,262,550 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,817,500 48,742,890 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,113,155 39,011,314 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,464,752 38,212,327 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,608,214 62,956,637 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331,611 59,275,787 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,970,420 80,536,340 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,468,545 70,849,871 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,042,823 79,735,544 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,981,917 77,643,238 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,264,822 82,677,061 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,245,545 80,176,258 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,057,187 85,959,622 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,306,985 91,771,106 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,883,540 103,958,569 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,612,679 109,485,199 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,212,934 105,946,726 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,859,485 140,856,149 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,030,908 129,524,180 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,464,753 136,665,047 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,394,717 145,486,910 MONTREAL THE LEADER 137 The following show the exports of cheese and butter from Montreal for a period of years:– Cheese Butter - a' Boxes PkgS. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482,538 7,300 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,165 1,728 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 70 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 134,503 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 27,884 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,215 39,443 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785,696 93,416 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 66,773 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , e s = e s s s • * * * * * * 2,227,838 361,400 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121,101 573,449 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,639 490,300 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 338,277 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,171 539,845 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,613 410,893 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077,482 356,563 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 451,050 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888,785 278,922 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,985 225,268 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,226 157,321 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,716,007 69,664 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,058 32,137 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,682,946 76,914 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608,353 103,139 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352,670 81,801 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * 1,486,220 30,142. 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157,854 41,957 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - 1,134,349 16,528 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104,065 60,353 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 891,065 54,263 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076,601 . 66,545 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108,448 108,137 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - 859,812 92,764 188%. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677,211 64,620 1881. . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551,847 130,481 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507,009 194,366 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518,249 180,322 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467,676 106,899 MANUFACTURERS OF JUTE AND COTTON BAGS Importers [of TWINE, HESSIANS, CANVAS, Etc. Head Office MONTREAL, 427 St. Patrick Street ; TORONTO, 5-21 Defries St. WINNIPEG, 831 Henry Ave. The Canadian Bag Company, Limited ºf - º - - - . . 9 © I*IIla Iſl'S Ide - - - - - The Pen by thebest is the Trade Mark namelyou will Dealers of the World's Standard ||eventually Everywhere - buy Fount - º - =Sº WATERM -- - - - º - -- - - Erector placing concrete blocks, Mount Royal Tunnel–Canadian Northern Railway | - The Export Egg Trade FTER an absence of any export busi- ness in eggs from the port of Montreal for several years, a large de- mand developed for them this season from foreign buyers soon after war was declared in Europe, owing to the fact that supplies were practically cut off from Belgium, France, Ger- many, Denmark and Russia, and in consequence of which stocks in the United Kingdom were reduced to a very low ebb and prices advanced sharply, which enabled dealers to operate in Canada, and a very active trade was done during the last three months of the export season from this port at profitable prices to shippers. The largest shipments were made to Glas- gow and Liverpool, and the total exports for the season amounted to 112,604 cases. The following table shows the exports of eggs from the port of Montreal for the season 1914, to the different foreign markets — Eggs Cases. Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,576 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,591 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,055 Bristol ................................. 4,024 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.358 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,604 READ Qſtic (ſºn a cºtt c ºf C. B. ESDAILE NORMAN WIGHT . W IG HT & HD SIDA IL HD Grain & Freight Brokers * - .º. 4 P. Q. -º- - -, -ºx -º &” ºr "&" --> * > *ě 5 - 5 º ***** ROONIS 305, 306 and 307 B O ARD OF TRADE BUILDING MO N T REAL The Export Grain Trade HE export grain season from the port of Montreal was brought to a close on Friday, December 4th, the latest date on record, by the sailing of the SS. Manchester Spinner for Manchester. The season has been a most remarkable one from start to finish, it being full of features, and especially so from the time the European war was declared on August | Grand Trunk Pacific Elevator, Fort William, Ont. Largest Elevator in the world. Capacity: 5,700,000 bushels 1st to the close, consequently, all those interested in the trade will not forget the year 1914 for some time to come. The season has been a most active one as well as a profitable one to all concerned, which may be attributed to some extent to the heavy demand from the Continent for wheat during the first three months of the season and the continued good demand from the United Kingdom and other foreign sources after the war broke out, and, as the British fleet controlled the seas, there was no difficulty in making shipments, and, in consequence, we have to put on record the largest business ever 142 THE EXPORT G RAIN TRADE done in the history of the trade or the port. The total exports of all kinds of grain for the season 1914 amounted to 74,068,- 938 bushels, as compared with 54,205,172 bushels for the season 1913, showing an increase of 19,863,766 bushels. Of the above total quantity there were 60,618,057 bushels of wheat exported, which shows an increase of 27,365,164 bushels as compared with last year, while oats show an increase of 1,152,508 bushels; but the exports of flaxseed were much smaller, and show a decrease of 8,070,026 bushels, and barley a decrease of 688,469 bushels. The trade was well distributed to all ports, but the shipments were larger to London and Bristol, the former getting over 12,000,000 bushels and the latter over 11,000,000 bushels. One of the most important features of the season was the large increase in the number of full cargoes of grain shipped by tramp vessels, there being 160 loaded, as compared with 37 for the season 1913, but this fact did not tend to keep rates down for ocean grain room owing to the keen demand, and as high as seven shillings per quarter was paid for this class of a vessel for a full cargo of grain from Montreal to Mediterranean ports, and 5s 6d to 5s 9d to London, while on the regular lines as high as 5s was paid to Liverpool, 5s 3d to Glasgow, 5s to Avonmouth and Leith, 4s to Hull and 4s 9d to Dublin. These rates as com- pared with those at the opening of the season show an advance of from 2s to 4s per quarter, and are the highest that have been realized from this port for many years past. With refer- ence to the exporters and their representatives Messrs. Wight & Esdaile have the honour of heading the list again this season with the handsome total of 38,745,743 bushels which shows an increase of 16,995,626 bushels, while Messrs. Thomson & Earle come second with a total of 18,791,914 bushels, an increase of 4,657,139 bushels, and Messrs. Jas. Carruthers & Co., Limited, take third place with a total of 5,567,117 bushels, and the British Empire Grain Company, Limited, come fourth with a total of 4,634,421 bushels. , “With reference to the crops in Europe agricultural con- ditions in most countries this season have been favorable for THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 143 only moderate yields,” the Department announced. “It is practically certain that the present shortage of this season’s European yield will be magnified by the complete returns. Harvests were pretty well over before or soon after hostilities began, and the grain is believed to have been saved in generally good condition, except in territory actually occupied by the contending armies.” Dominion Government Elevator, Port Arthur, Ont. Capacity: 3,250,000 bushels Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Hungary and Russia, normally producing more than two-thirds of the European wheat, show this year 237,000,000 bushels less than last year, but 34,000,000 bushels more than 1912. Great Britain’s total is 6,000,000 bushels more than either year, while Russia will have 183,000,- 000 bushels less than a year ago. Decrease in production in other European countries probably will make their aggregate approximate 700,000,000 bushels. The five principal non-European wheat-producing coun- tries—the United States, Canada, Argentina, British India 144 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE and Australia—which grow all the wheat produced outside of Europe, excepting an annual total of from two to three hundred million bushels, officially report 1,586,606,000 bushels, or 60,000,000 bushels less than last year, but 20,000,000 bushels more than in 1912. The decrease was due wholly to shortages in Canada, Argentina and British India, their aggregate output being Grand Trunk Elevator at Windmill Point, Montreal. Capacity: 2,150,000 bushels 200,000,000 bushels less than last year. The combined output of the United States and Australia exceeded last year by 140,000,000. Of the 829,000,000-bushel record crop harvested in the United States, 525,000,000 it is estimated will be required for food in this country, and 77,000,000 bushels for seeding. This will leave 290,000,000 bushels available for exportation. The largest quantity ever exported from the United States hereto- fore in one year was 235,000,000 bushels, in 1901. Last year 141,000,000 bushels were exported. The following table shows the volume of business done by grain exporters and their representatives during the season 1914, from the port of Montreal:— Wheat, Corn, Peas, Bush. Bush. Bush. Wight & Esdaile. . . . . . . . . 34,167,616 . . . . . . . . . . . . Thomson & Earle . . . . . . . . 17,368,939 . . . . . . . . . . . . Jas. Carruthers & Co., Limited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,259,913 . . . . . . . . . . . . British Empire Grain Co., Limited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,435,562 . . . . . . . . . . . . Alex. McFee & Co., Ltd. 850,927 . . . . . . . . . . . . Quintal & Lynch . . . . . . . 72,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . W. H. DWyer Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Ward & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chaplin Bros. & Co. . . . . . . 144,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,100 . . . . . . . . . . . . Sundry shippers . . . . . . . . . 224,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, 1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,618,057 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,252,893 50,821 . . . . . . 1912 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,971,057 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,122,042 5,890,674 9,166 1910 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,239,412 2,700,638 28,168 1909 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,939,705 479,496 57,810 1908 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,303,982 317,641 273,373 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,148,592 4,804,893 179,677 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,469,187 4,602,085 130,335 1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,579,035 5,745,489 47,930 1904 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,425,308 3,969,028 136,505 1903 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,891,946 7,269,171 226,755 1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,951,132 237,328 406,543 1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,630,801 4,087,964 691,202 1900 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,510,467 11,888,534 1,666,711 1899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,198,927 13,709,538 1,272,701 Buck- Flax- Oats, Barley, Rye, Wheat, Seed, Total, Bush. Bush. |Bush. Bush. Bush. 1914. 2,005,382 2,109,490 286,561 . . . . . . 176,694 38,745,743 1,051,866 291,210 79,899 . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,791,914 310,548 990,072 . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,582 5,567,117 397,001 801,857 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,634,421 884,886 115,520 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,851,333 838,225 116,666 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,026,891 89,808 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,808 9,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,500 80,573 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,573 2,223,541 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,318,641 516,800 68,200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809,000 8,408,130 4,493,015 366,460 . . . . . . 183,276 74,068.938 7,255,622 5,181,484 210,808 . . . . . . 8,253.544 54,205,172 6,523,969 1,214,934 169,170 . . . . . . 39,134 38,918,264 5,783,043 60,707 . . . . . . . 25,911 16,290 29,898,184 3,304,588 445,319 . . . . . . . 141,143 . . . . . . . 26,859,268 473,048 583,020 67,889 192,651 165,776 27,959,395 205,647 1,266,067 333,682 65,763 654,563 31,421,082 4,113,459 858,316 144,895 48,903 1,484,283 32,783,018 3,147,268 1,032,586 105,148 150,276 3,175,722 26,812,607 2,661,537 2,276,830 121,023 37,797 . . . . . . . 13,455,413 1,253,693 836,864 4,972 112,043 . . . . . . . 13,455,413 1,119,262 295,523 594,799 76,151 115,569 25,588,906 1,850,005 246,336 895,763 163,452 354,471 21,105,080 2,239,638 597,645 765,422 89,383 670,399 22,923,394 4,684,490 1,096,945 554,720 306,621 113,423 30,721,951 4,000,986 1,118,115 403,600 168,756 732,916 31,191,551 The following table shows the exports of grain from the port of Montreal to the different foreign ports from May 1st, 1914, to the close of navigation, 1914, with comparisons:— Barley, . Bush. g º e º º ºs e e 563,131 147,941 198,185 © º 'º e º & tº gº tº tº e g º e º ſº tº dº tº $ tº º tº tº * * * * * * tº e e # 8 º' tº $ tº e e & © e º sº º te tº º te e º ſº tº º tº dº º e º e º & tº £ tº g º e º G. gº tº e º gº e º º tº tº º gº º º º º & © tº dº tº e º ſº tº dº e º e º e g gº tº e º 'º e º º © & º e º E & Gº © tº e º 'º tº tº º tº ſº tº e º e º 'º tº $ tº $ tº º ſº tº Rye, Bush. * * * * * * * * tº e º e º 'º e e tº º e º & tº a tº s e s e e s s e tº e º e e º e & sº e º e º e º & te e g g º e º 'º & © º e e º 'º gº g tº e º & E * * tº e º e º e º 'º gº tº e g º is º is e is g g o e º 'º tº e º 'º tº ſº tº º e ſº tº g tº tº tº º e tº º e º e º e te e º tº $ tº º tº e º ſº g º tº tº º e tº tº e º tº º º ſº e º e e s tº º tº e º 'º e º $ tº e G & g c e º & & © tº gº tº º & tº e tº e º tº g tº ſº Flaxseed, Total, Bush. - * 94,620 12,227,995 11,001,075 tº tº e º 'º & e e º e º 'º * * * * tº º 1914. 5,832,545 5,683,363 5,279,557 6,350,293 5,227,456 2,512,046 3,193,070 927,309 1,185,550 1,073,109 256,413 761,500 667,955 1,067,763 197,108 354,968 1,552,168 191,394 702,579 245,434 880,968 163,654 180,257 174,250 457,786 329,283 1,431,478 3,918,202 Total, 1913. 8,607,371 10,726,371 6,525,992 4,572,389 4,342,490 5,970,301 3,905,134 2,968,847 1,753,858 1,261,193 691,759 951,820 487,650 252,000 816,474 152,015 96,273 Corn, Bush. is is e s ſº º gº º tº e e º gº tº e ºs e tº e º ºs e º e º e º 'º g º º ºs • * * * g e is e * * * * g e º º Oats, Bush. 1,966,863 1,170,395 958,459 391,258 532,163 563,317 821,885 287,040 tº e º ſº tº gº tº e tº e º e º $ $ $ tº e º e º ºs º ºs ë e & © tº tº ſº e tº e g º ºs e e g $ tº e º 'º e º ſº tº e º te e º ſº º tº gº tº e º e s e tº e º & e º is e tº gº tº e º tº e e tº º tº dº e º & º Wheat, Bush. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,535,507 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,669,687 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,364,028 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,268,296 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,722,061 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,031,902 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,553,886 Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,074,483 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,976,062 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823,339 Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036,887 Calais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073,109 NeWCastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,908 Lisbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761,500 Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454,315 Naples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,067,763 South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197,108 Dundee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trieste . . . . . . . . . . . . * e s tº e º º e e s e e s a 354,968 Bordeaux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552,168 Oporto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191,394 Dunton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702,597 Portugal . . . . . . . . . . .* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 245,434 Catania. . . . . . , e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e s e e s e e 880,968 Buttermans Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,654 Spezia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,257 Limerick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,250 Sunderland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438,963 Tyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301,048 Havre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,724 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,319,809 Total . . . . . . . . . . . º e tº º . 60,618,057 8,408,130 4,493,015 366,460 183,276 74,068,938 54,205,172 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 147 oCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1914. The following table shows the fluctuations in ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1914 – LIVERPOOL. - S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 3 to June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to July . . . . . . . . . 1 .. 6 to August . . . . . . 1 6 to September . . 2, 1% to October . . . . . 2 3 to November . . . 2 10% to LONDON. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 3 to June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to July . . . . . . . . 1 6 to August . . . . . . 1 6 to September ... 1 9 to October . . . . . 2 3 to November . . . 3 0 to GLASGOW. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 3 to June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to July . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to August . . . . . . 1 74% to September ... 1 9 to October . . . . . 2 4% to November . . . 3 11/3 to AVONMOUTH. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 1 3 to June . . . . . & 1 9 to July ... 1 10% to August . . . . . 2 3 to September . . . 2 .6 to October . . . . . 2 3 to November . . . 2 9 to MANCHESTER. i * * S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 '6 to June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to July . . . . . . . . 1 6 to August . . . . . . 1 6 to September 1 7% to October . . . . 2 0 to November . . . 2 9 to d. % i d. 7% 7% 10% 1% 3 : 7% 7 'A : EHULL. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 0 to June . . . . . . . . 2 0 to July . . . . . . . . 2 0 to August . . . . . 2 0 to September . . 2 3 to October . . . . . 2 6 to November . . . 3 0 to LEITH. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 7% to June . . . . . . . . 1 10% to July . . . . . . . . 1 10% to August . . . . . . 1 10% to September . . 2 3 to October . . . . . 2 9 to November . . . 3 3 to DUELIN S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 10% to June . . . . . . . . 1 10% to July . . . . . . . . 1 10% to August . . . . . 1 10% to . September . . 2 (6 to October . . . . . 3 3 to November . 3 3 to CALAIS S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 3 to June . . . . . . . . 2 3 to July . . . . . . . . 2 4% to August . . . . . 2 4% to September . . 0 0 to October . . . . . 0 0 to November . . . 0 0 to NEWCASTLE. S. d. - July . . . . . . . . 2 0 to August . . . . . . 2 73% to September .. 3 0 to . October . . . . . 3 4% to November . . . 3 0 to . | | i % d. 10% i: % : 148 TEIF EXPORT GRAIN TRADE ROTTERIDAM. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 1 9 to June . . . . . . . . 1 9 to July . . . . . . . . . 1 10%, to HAIMEUIRG. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 0 to June . . . . . . . . 2 0 to July . . . . . . . . . 2 11% to d. 0 0 6 : ; d. 1% 1% 6 ANTWERP. S. d. - May . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to July . . . . . . . . 1 9 to FIAVEE S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to June . . . . . . . . 2 6 to July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 10% 10% ; d. : 0 0 0 The highest rate paid during the season 1914 from the port of Montreal was 7s per quarter for a full cargo of grain for shipment to the Mediterranean ports and 5s 6d to 5s 9d per quarter to London. OCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1913. The following table shows the fluctuations in ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1913:— to to to to to to: to LIVERIPOOL. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 6 June . . . . . . . . 2 6 July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 August . . . . . 2 3 September 1 9 October . 2 3 November . . . 2 0 LONDON. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 6 June . . . . . . . . 2 4% July . . . . . . . . . 2 7% August . . . . . . 2 3 September 2 0 October . . . . . 1 10% November . . . 2 0 GLASGOW. - S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 73% June . . . . . . . . 2 9 July . . . . . . . . . 2 3 August . . . . . . 2 0 September 2 3 October . . . . . 2 3 2 0 November . . . ii i LEITH. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 3 13% to June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to August . . . . . . 2 9 to September . . . . . . . . to October . . . . . 2 9 to November . . . 2 9 to DUELIN - S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to June . . . . . . . . 3 1% to July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to August . . . . . . 2 6 to September . . 2 6 to October . . . . . 2 71% to November . . . 2 7% to AVONMOUTH. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 6 to June . . . . . . . . 2 10% to July . . . . . 1 9 to August . . . . . . 1 9 to September . . 2 9 to October . . . . . 2 1% to November . . . 2 3 to | i % % THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 149 MANCHESTER. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 3 0 to June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to July . . . . . . . . . 2 10% to August . . . . . . 2 0 to September . . 1 9 to October . . . . . 2 0 to November . . . 2 6 to EHULL. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to August . . . . . . 2 9 to September .. 3 0 to October . . . . . 2 9 to November . . . 2 4% to ANTWERP S. d. - May . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to August . . . . . . 2 9 to September 3 0 to October . . . . . 2 13% to NOvenber . . . 2 6 to ROTTERIDAM, S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 2 9 to June . . . . . . . . 2 73% to July . . . . . . . . . 2 0 to August . . . . . . 3 0 to September 2 4% to October . . . . . 2 6 to November . . . 24.7 bushels per acre in 1913. | i % e e s is e a | % HAMIBURG. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 3 0 July . . . . . . . . . 2 11/2 August . . . . . . . . . . . . September 2 4% October . . . . . 2 6 November . . . 2 6 CALAIS. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 3 6 June . . . . . . . . 3 6 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August . . . . . . . . . . . . September . . . . . . . . October . . . . . 3 0 November ... 2 9 EELFAST. S. ‘d. May . . . . . . . . . 3 3 June . . . . . . . . 3 3 July . . . . . . . . . 2 9 August . . . . . . 2 9 September . . 2 74% October . . . . . 2 7% NOVember . . . . . . . . . HAVEE S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 3 6 June . . . . . . . . 3 6 July . . . . . . . . . 3 6 August . . . . . . 3 6 September .. 3 6 October . . . . . 3 6 November . . . 3 6 onTARIO's FINAL CROP REPORT. The Ontario Department of Agriculture issued their final Crop report for the season 1914, on November 17th, which is as follows:— - - Fall wheat—685,692 acres yielded 14,333,548 bushels, or 20.9 bushels per acre, as compared with 15,945,717 bushels, and The annual average per acre for 33 years 21.1 per bushels per acre. to to to to to to to tº e º 'º e º s tº e º e e tº e e º 'º º tº dº & © & © 150 THE EXPORT G RAIN TRADE Spring wheat—118,607 acres yielded 2,169,425 bushels, or 18.3 per bushels per acre, as compared with 2,068,951 bushels, and 17.7 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 16.0. § Barley—579,473 acres yielded 18,096,755 bushels, or 31-2 bushels per acre, as compared with 18,255,958 bushels, and 29-3 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 27-9. Oats—2,776,883 acres yielded 103,564,322 bushels, or 37-3 bushels per acre, as compared with 98,426,902 bushels and 36.5 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 35-7. Rye-138,913 acres yielded 2,315,532 bushels, or 16-? bushels per acre, as compared with 1,979,775 bushels and 16.7 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 16-5. Buckwheat—177,227 acres yielded 4,251,421 bushels, or 24-0 bushels per acre, as compared with 4,012,418 bushels, and 17.6 per bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 20-6. Peas—177,856 acres yielded 2,609,585 bushels, or 14.7 bushels per acre, as compared with 3,108,263 bushels, and 17.5 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 19-2. Beans—51,149 acres yielded 835,895 bushels, or 16.3 bushels per acre, as compared with 1,021,243 bushels, and 15.3 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 17:1. Mixed grains—456,631 acres yielded 16,854,550 bushels, or 36.9 bushels per acre, as compared with 15,113,480 bushels, and 36.5 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 34-6. Corn for husking—290,817 acres yielded 23,232,360 bushels, or 80 bushels per acre (in the ear), as compared with 22,214,014 bushels and 74.1 bushels per acre in 1913. Annual average 71:1. Corn for silo–418,105 acres yielded 4,751,223 tons (green), or 11:36 per acre, as compared with 4,059,345 tons, and 10:46 tons per acre in 1913. Annual average 11:29. Hay and clover—including alfalfa—3,415,484 acres yielded 3,842,554 tons, or 1-13 tons per acre, as compared with 3,924,- 563 tons, and 1:14 tons per acre in 1913, Annual average 1:44. THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 151 NEW FALL WHEAT. On the above date fall wheat never promised better, nor have returns been more unanimous. The ground at seeding was in fine tilth, and the catch was perfect. Copious rains and warm weather brought the young fields along in splendid form, but the fear is that the luxuriant growth may have given the plants too much top for entering the winter. A few com- plaints were made of the Hessian fly, and the wireworm, but only slight injury has been done by these or other insects. - º - º * --- - - - - - - º - º - --- º - º º - º --- - - --- -- Bassano Irrigation Dam, Bassano, Alta.-Canadian Pacific Railway The season of 1914 may, indeed, be described as peculiarly a fall wheat one, the conditions of the fields never being better, while the increase in acreage is one of the largest on record. Sowing ranged from the last week of August to the end of September, most of the seed being got in during the first two weeks of the latter month. Dawson Golden Chaff is the variety most largely grown, although about forty other kinds are named. It is estimated that the increase in the area of fall wheat for 1914-15 will be about 140,000 acres. Although the season has been an open one considerable ploughing remained to be done during November, owing to the large amount of corn that had to be cut and stored this fall in the barns and silos, and also to the fact that the land in many places required more rain. TEIE WORLD'S WEHEAT CROP IN 1914. In the following table is given wheat production by principal countries in 1914, according to Broom- hall’s. Official returns are taken when obtainable, excepting in certain cases where recognized commer- cial estimates are adopted in preference. The returns represent the crops harvested in July and August of the years named, excepting in the cases of Argentina, Uruguay, Australasia, and Chili, which are harvested fifteen weeks subsequently, and in case of India still somewhat later. given for these five growers: EUROPE— France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Russia, 72 governments including Siberia. . Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Croatia, and Slavonia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. Italy . . . . . . . . . * - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rumania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bulgaria and Rumelia, Servia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United Kingdom Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Switzerland Total Europe, quarters TOtal bushels * * g e º sº e º 'º - e º e ºl • * * * * * * * * * * g º e • - e º e º te e s e º e s - © e - © tº 6 tº ge tº e º 'º e º is e º 'º - © - e. e. e. e. e. g. e e º e - e º 'º e º e g tº º e e º e º e º & e º e º 'º e © º e º e º & © & e º 'º $ tº tº e e º 'º e º e º 'º - tº dº e s e e º e s a e e º e º s e • e º e º e º is e s e º e º 'º - e º sº e is * e e º 'º a c e s tº a tº e s e tº e º e º 'º - e º e º £ tº e e º 'º e º º º º º ſº tº e tº £ tº $ tº º º º º º 'º gº tº tº tº e s e º e º 'º e º 'º e s º tº tº e º 'º - © - - - e º e e to Q & © e < * * * * * * * * * * * * Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyprus and Malta, * * * * g e º 'º e º 'º e º a tº e e º e º e º e s º ºs º gº e e º e º 'º - e º ſº º e º º 'º & º º º º $ tº e º º tº e e e s e e º 'º e º e e º ºs e º 'º e º e º e º e º e 1914-1915. 37,000,000 97,300,000 13,500,000 7,500,000 1,000,000- 200,000 21,200,000 19,000,000 14,200,000 1,000,000 5,500,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 700,000 7,700,000 1,200,000 850,000 400,000 900,000 500,000 50,000 300,000 232,800,000 1,862,400,000 1913–14. 1912–13. 1911–12. 38,900,000 41,700,000 40,000,000 * f118,100,000 91,017,000 e63,500,000 19,120,000 21,670,000 22,100,000 8,300,000 8,330,000 7,000,000 2,110,000 1,410,000 1,850,000 320,000 370,000 300,000 26,800,000 20,700,000 24,000,000 21,000,000 20,030,000 17,500,000 13,800,000 14,000,000 18,682,000 700,000 700,000 1,200,000 10,000,000 10,600,000 11,400,000 5,000,000 5,500,000 8,500,000 1,378,000 2,044,100 1,800,000 500,000 920,000 400,000 7,100,000 7,175,000 7,987,000 1,800,000 1,910,000 1,800,000 600,000 575,000 500,000 440,000 397,400 440,000 913,000 976,000 1,037,000 520,000 470,000 500,000 35,000 39,000 30,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 277,736,000 250,833,500 230,826,000 2,221,888,000 2,006,664,000 1,846,608,000 For the current year forecasts only can be 1910-11, 31,396,000 e104,009,000 21,200,000 7,210,000 1,650,000 300,000 19,200,000 17,740,000 17,000,000 1,150,000 13,400,000 7,074,000 1,652,000 300,000 7,279,000 1,500,000 530,000 400,000 880,000 590,000 38,000 300,000 254,798,000 2,038,484,000 Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total America, quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFRICA— Algeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tunis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Africa, quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASIA— India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Asia, quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUSTRALASIA— New South Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Queensland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tasmania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Common Wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total Australasia, quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total world's crops: Quarters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quintals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *An estimate for next March. e 73 Governments. 1914-1915 111,500,000 19,700,000 24,000,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 159,200,000 1,273,600,000 2,500,000 300,000 2,800,000 22,400,000 *47,000,000 3,000,000 50,000,000 400,000,000 2,000,000 1,800,000 200,000 1,200,000 700,000 100,000 6,000,000 900,000 6,900,000 55,200,000 451,700,000 3,613,600,000 983,000,000 1913–14. 1912–13. 1911-12. 1910-11. 95,400,000 91,250,000 77,700,000 79,400,000 28,900,000 28,000,000 28,800,000 16,500,000 14,200,000 24,800,000 21,300,000 17,000,000 700,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,125,000 1,500,000 700,000 1,750,000 2,500,000 1,300,000 2,000,000 700,000 1,150,000 142,000,000 148,250,000 131,450,000 117,675,000 1,136,000,000 1,186,000,000 1,051,600,000 941,400,000 4,600,000 3,400,000 4,500,000 5,000,000 500,000 530,000 1,100,000 700,000 5,100,000 3,930,000 5,600,000 5,700,000 40,800,000 31,440,000 44,800,000 45,600,000 39,400,000 45,100,000 46,500,000 46,500,000 3,200,000 3,100,000 3,000,000 2,760,000 42,600,000 48,200,000 49,500,000 49,260,000 340,800,000 385,600,000 396,000,000 394,080,000 4,750,000 4,060,000 2,900,000 3,510,000 4,110,000 3,300,000 3,300,000 4,250,000 200,000 150,000 50,000 160,000 2,100,000 2,425,000 2,500,000 3,040,000 1,700,000 1,140,000 580,000 950,000 40,000 79,000 90,000 140,000 12,900,000 11,154,000 9,420,000 12,050,000 670,000 650,000 1,000,000 1,100,000 13,570,000 11,804,000 10,420,000 13,150,000 108,560,000 94,432,000 83,360,000 105,200,000 481,006,000 463,017,500 427,796,000 440,603,000 3,848,048,000 3,704,140,000 3,422,368,000 3,524,824,000 1,047,137,000 1,007,989,000 931,311,000 959,192,000 f Considerably in excess of commercial estimates. Cable Address: ‘‘,CARRUTH '’ Jas. Carruthers & Co. LIMITED *Uſ! —nº G R AI N =ng —nº EXPORTERS l Board of Trade Building, Montreal Produce Exchange - - New York Grain Exchange - - Winnipeg MONTREAL, WINNIPEG and NEW YORK Melady & Company TORONTO, CANADA Grain Exporters Members of New York Produce Exchange, Chicago. Board of Trade, Winnipeg Grain Exchange, Montreal Board of Trade and Montreal Corn Exchange. Montreal Agents Fº * † WIGHT & ESDAILE THOMSON & EARLE GRAIN and FREIGHT BROKERS 2 30 B O A R D OF T R A D E B UIL D IN G M O N T R E A L British Empire Grain Co. LIMITED ----------f | G R A IN Exporters i * * * * *= * * * * * *= 8 y ºr * g. * g wºmer v ºf Grain Exchange - - - WINNIPEG Board of Trade gº * gº MONTREAL Produce Exchange - * gº NEW YORK BY ROYAL APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING THE O GILVIE FLOUR MILLS COMPANY LINMIT E D O O O D AI LY NM ILLING CA PA CITY ROYAL MILLS, MONTREAL, Flour - 6,000 Bbls. GLENORA. MILLS, MONTREAL, Flour - 3,000 “ CITY MILLS, MONTREAL, Corn Products 1,500 “ WINNIPEG MILLS No. 1, Flour - - 3,000 “ WINNIPEG MILLS No. 2, Oat Products - 500 “ FORT WILLIAM MILLS, Flour - - 3,000 “ MEDICINE HAT MILLS, Flour - - 2,000 “ TOTAL DAILY CAPACITY - - - - 19,000 Bbls. O O O The Company own and operate, in addition to the above mills, 145 Elevators, distributed throughout Mani- toba and the North West, having a storage capacity of 4,500,000 bushels, which, with Terminal Elevators at Medicine Hat, Winnipeg, Fort William and Montreal, give them a total storage capacity of upwards of 8,500,- 000 bushels. D I R E C T O RS C. R. HOSMER, W. A. BLACK, President Vice-President and Managing Director SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN, C.V.O. H. S. HOLT GEORGE E. DRUMMOND A. M. NANTON CHARLES CHAPUT C. B. G.ORDON SHIRLEY OGILVIE Head Office - - MONTREAL The Export Flour Trade HE export season for 1914 in spring wheat flour opened up some- what disappointing to Canadian millers, and the volume of business done during the months of May, June and July was smaller than the corre- sponding three months in 1913, which was attributed to the fact that owing to the bright prospects for a bumper crop of winter wheat in the United States, which materialized right up to all expectations tended to keep prices for the raw material in that market much lower than in the Canadian market for spring wheat, and, in consequence, American millers and especially those in Kansas were in a position to offer winter wheat flour to English importers at lower prices than Canadian millers could possibly compete with, therefore the former received the majority of the orders for the above period, and done a large business, but when the European war was declared on August 1st, a great change took place in the whole situation, as considerable excitement was created at all grain centres and prices advanced sharply which put Canadian and American millers on a more even footing, and as a very active demand developed at the same time from both local and foreign buyers for supplies, the Canadian miller done an exceedingly large business during the months of August and September, and as a direct result most of them had to work a double shift to turn out their orders, and the output of all the leading mills in Canada was probably the largest in the history of the trade. The Canadian gift of 1,000,000 sacks of flour to the British Empire was the largest single order ever placed in Canada, which was well distributed with all the lead- ing millers. In the months of October and November business became quieter as buyers generally all over the country had old Dutch windmill near Goderich 158 THE EXPORT FLOUR TRADE stocked up to some extent, but the season on the whole wound up very satisfactorily to all concerned. The exports of flour from the port of Montreal, for the season 1914, amounted to 2,764,140 sacks, as compared with 2,747,192 sacks for the season 1913, showing an increase of 16,948 sacks, but the trade in cereals for export account seems to be steadily decreasing, as the exports this season of oatmeal show another decrease of 40,577 sacks, as compared with 1913, while the shipments of rolled oats in cases show an increase of 43,458 cases, but a decrease of 47,019 sacks, as compared with last season’s figures. The course of prices for spring wheat flour in the local market from May 1st, 1914, to November 30th, 1914, were upward, which to some extent may be attributed to the war and the high cost of the raw material. For the months of May, June and July first patents were selling at $5.60, and second patents at $5.10 per barrel in jute, but in the beginning of August a much stronger feeling developed in the market on account of the war, and the exceedingly large demand for flour prices during that month were advanced $1.10 per barrel to $6.70 for first patents, and $6.20 for second patents, which prices ruled right up to the close of the export season, which are $1.30 per barrel higher than the closing prices at the same date a year ago. Waiting Room, Windsor Station, Montreal–Canadian Pacific Railway The following table shows the principal shippers of flour, oatmeal, and rolled oats from the port of Montreal, for the season 1914, with comparisons:– 1914 - * Folled Rolled Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, Sacks. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. Sacks. Government shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176,630 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . 290,931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519,998 Lake of Woods Milling Co., Ltd . . . . . . . 116,450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,428 Western Canada, Flour Mills Co., Ltd. , 105,203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181,450 St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Ltd..... 163,167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,139 Dominion Flour Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,007 Maple Leaf Flour Mills Co., Ltd . . . . . . . . . 64,987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,150 Stewart, Munn & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,753 Sundry shippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,804 900 . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,833 Canadian Pacific Railway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 426,672 20,564 70,337 25,805 851,088 Grand Trunk Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203,206 15,749 73,552 18,000 344,701 Through shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,753 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,644 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,764,140 37,213 143,889 43,805 2,747,192 1913 Rolled Meal, Oats, Sacks. Cases. 39,223 48,320 38,567 50,320 tº s º e º 'º 1,791 Rolled Oats, Sacks. e tº º tº $ tº * * * g e is * º is tº & tº e & © tº e e is º e º 'º tº dº e is º º * @ e º e tº & ſº & & © tº 50,412 40,412 77,790 100,431 London GlasgOW South Brist Ol Liverpool Belfast Leith Newfoundland Dublin Dundee Manchester ROtterdam Antwerp Aberdeen Hamburg Hull . Havre Trieste The following table shows the exports of flour, oatmeal, and rolled oats from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1914, with comparisons:— * & © e º ſº tº $ tº 8 º' & © tº $ tº ſº # 9 e º is tº 4 is ſº tº º ºs e g * * g º ºs e º e º e º 'º us e tº $ & E & © & © tº e & G g g g e g Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº º 4 ſº e º e º sº e º e s e º e s tº e & e º 'º e º 'º s e g º e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * . e. e. e. e º e s is a e < e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º e e s º ºs e e º e s a tº e º e s tº a º ºs º e º & e º e g º is e º e e tº e º 'º e º e º ſº º & º º e º ºs e º e s gº e º 'º tº e º º a tº s is tº e º 'º is e º e º 'º e º ſº e º 'º e e º e e º e e • * g is e º e s tº e º s e e º e º e º e º gº is e º ºs e e s e e e e º e º 'º e e º e º ºs e e º 'º e º ºs e º e º e º e is * * > * * * * * g e º g º º ſº tº e g º º $ tº £ tº e º ſº tº tº e s e s tº e º ſº e º 'º º ſe tº e º 'º e º 'º e º e º 'º e º e e gº tº º 'º e º e º 'º & g º & © tº $ tº e g g g tº ſº º ºs e g º gº e e s e º & © tº e º sº e º e º is tº e º ſº ſe e º sº dº e º e e tº e e s tº e g º e s tº e º e º 'º e º e º & © e º ºs e tº e e º e e g tº e º sº e º e º 'º º t t e º is e º º ſº tº e º e º 'º e º e º ſº e º te Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cardiff tº £ tº e e s tº £ tº tº e g º e º e º 'º & © tº gº tº $ tº ſº e g º º is Flour, Sacks. 982,276 330,594 242,625 234,825 395,765 138,726 61,159 105,499 111,688 2,000 93,295 3,391 2,900 13,667 32,788 11,542 tº º tº tº e tº 1914 Bolled Rolled Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, SackS. Cases. Sacks. Sacks. 7,000 50,425 11,702 801,786 1,250 . . . . . . 13,250 393,427 e e º e s e 21,888 1,275 295,527 12,073 44,601 2,699 170,154 4,000 19,955 5,813 103,067 2,605 . . . . . . 2,467 108,189 500 300 500 102,837 1,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . 280,508 7,236 100 1,000 62,184 * * * * * * * * * e º e e g º e s e 4,600 1,209 . . . . . . 3,099 1,500 * * * * * * e º ºs e º e 1,600 29,143 • * * * * * 1,800 tº € tº gº º º e s • * ~ * * * * * * * * g e e º ºs 400 113,549 & sº * * * * * * e s is a e e s ∈ e e 25,077 & © tº tº e º 780 • * * * * * tº e º e º e * * * * * * * is e º e º e º e º s e 255,644 e e º 'º º tº 2,510 e e º & g is e º gº e º ſº tº tº ſº e º ſº 1,530 • - - - - - tº e e g º ºs 37,213 143,889 43,805 2,747,192 1913 Rolled Meal, Oats, Sacks. Cases. 13,600 32,659 25,160 1,200 tº e º e e º º 15,566 11,347 31,474 18,700 10,780 375 365 4,430 . . . . . . 4,078 1,200 ... • e º e s e 2,950 tº e º ſº tº dº 57.1 * e º ſº º gº 1,791 & © tº tº tº e 1,875 77,790 100,431 Rolled Oats, Sacks. 18,726 12,879 640 6,121 17,320 1,870 100 e & gº tº E tº ESTABLISHED 1888 LAKE OF THE WOODS MILLING COMPANY LIMITED O O Millers of Manitoba Hard Wheat Flours “Not Bleached—Not Blended ” Daily Capacity - 13,200 Barrels O O O F F I C E R S : FRANK S. MEIGHEN, President and Managing Director WM. W. HUTCHISON, Vice-President O 1 R E C T O R S : HON. ROBERT MACKAY ABNER KINGMAN JOHN CARSON R. M. BALLANTYNE GEORGE V. HASTINGS TANCREDE BIENVENU J. K. L. ROSS F. E. BRAY, Secretary R. NEILSON, Assist.-Secretary T. F. McNALLY, Treasurer O O HEAD OFFICE: LAKE OF THE WOODS BUILDING MONTREAL G. A. GRIER, M Lt.-Col. A. E. LABELLE, President ** Gem. Manager. St. LAWRENCE FLOUR MILLS CO. LIMITED O O O ST. L.A. WRENCE FLO UR Four brands of equal purity REGAL FLEUR DE LIS LAURENTIA DAILY BREAD Made in the most modern and best equipped mills of North America, at the cheapest point of distribution in the world. O O O Mills at Lachine Canal, Montreal, Can. O O O O F F I C E S 1110 Notre Dame Street West, Montreal area, , --> -- - - - - - - * *** * * A. KELLY, Presideml. S. A. McGAW, Vice-Pres., Gen. Mgr. WESTERN CANADA FLO UR /M//, / S CO. J.I./MITED O O O PURITY FLO UR AMore Bread and Better Bread Daily Milling Capacity, 10,500 bbls. Also own and operate 100 elevators situated in the best wheat producing districts of the Canadian West O O O M.ILLS WINNIPEG, Man. BRAND ON, Man. GODERICH, Ont. CALGARY Head Office - - TORONTO BRANCHES MONTREAL ST, JOHN, N.B. GODERICH OTT AWA FORT WILLIAM WINNIPEG BRAND ON CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER The Utmost in Quality and Appearance PALL MALL FAMOUS CIGARETTES are sold in the best Clubs, Hotels and Tobacco Stores; also carried on the principal Steamship lines of the world The favorites at all banquets |N AT TRACTIVE RED BOXES OF TEN ORDINARY SIZE THE KING'S SIZE A Shilling in London A long after-dinner smoke A Quarter here 35c. per package | The Export Hay Trade HE hay crop of 1913 was a bare average one all over Canada, while the crop of 1914 in the Province of Quebec was still smaller, but it is reported that the yield in the Province of Ontario was larger. The season opened in August, 1914, with the country bare of old crop hay, consequently prices with the impetus of a good foreign demand opened about 25 to 33% per cent. higher than last year’s Filling the Hay Mow opening figures, and what with the short crop, the declaration of war in Europe on August 1st, and the buying for Government account throughout the country for export account, the strength in the situation became more pronounced and prices advanced still further for a short period, which tended to create a certain amount of excitement in the trade, and a brisk business was done, especially so by speculators who contracted heavily with farmers, but as soon as their demands were filled the market subsided to some extent, and at the time of writing there was evidence of an easier feeling in the situation, with more sellers than buyers. The local requirements are smaller than usual owing to the curtailment in lumbering operations throughout the country as well as the city consumption, which is attributed to the quiet state of general business. - Government contractors are about the only operators at present, and it is figured that some 30,000 tons have already been compressed and shipped out on Government account with a further 20,000 tons now being delivered for compressory purposes. The export trade throughout the season has been very quiet, and the volume of business done is the smallest for many years past, owing to the fact that prices in England 166 THE EXPORT HAY TRADE were generally below values here, but on the other hand a fair business was done with the United States from the opening of the season up to August; but since then nothing has been done in the latter direction, owing to the fact that local prices have ruled comparatively higher than those in the United States, and this coupled with the $2 per ton duty imposed by the United States Government made further business impossible. Another feature of the 1914 hay crop in the Province of Quebec is the fact that the quality is inferior to the average, but On the other hand the Province of Ontario seems to have garnered its crop in good condition. The exports of baled hay for the season 1914 from Montreal amounted to 493,073 bales of which the Government shipped 443,603 bales. These shipments show an increase of 203,022 bales as compared with last year, but a decrease of 70,710 bales with 1912, a decrease of 360,889 bales with 1911, and a decrease of 224,642 bales with 1910. The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the Season 1914, with comparisons:— 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. POrtS. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Glasgow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,726 110,627 137,539 274,854 245,763 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,010 76,079 195,118 266,172 151,827 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,327 59,624 82,017 104,750 191,746 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 21,699 84,214 83,552 88,371 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,010 50,445 86,968 25,715 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,504 8,228 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,508 596 17,804 6,112 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ê º e g & s e º te º & e º 4,828 3,713 4,652 Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4,332 2,479 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,118 639 Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 580 411 Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 . . . . . . . Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º a tº tº e º & © & & © º e º e º 'º & 1,274 . . . . . . . Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,709 . . . . . . . Havre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Nazaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T - - - - - - - - - - - - Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493,073 290,051 563,783 S53,962 717,715 THE EXPORT HAY 167 TRADE The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal by the different firms for the season 1914, with comparisons:— 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. Shippers. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Jas. Scott & Co., Ltd. . . . 19,266 90,935 141,716 169,619 130,031 Quintal & Lynch, Ltd. . . 9.287 50,233 68,141 138,029 95,384 W. H. Dwyer Co., Ltd. . . 569 43,287 65,037 136,802 117,440 º S. Ledoux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,043 27,854 36,876 113,929 96,373 - J. C. Bisaillon . . . . . . . . . . . 3,053 27,708 78,220 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jas. McDonnell . . . . . . . . . 6,816 16,126 60,226 100,152 77,748 V. Chicoine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623 10,028 13,550 95,055 10,548 Mtl. Cut Hay Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,823 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poitras & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,433 . . . . . . . 17,814 . . . . . . . A. Marcotte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,747 2,195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Poirier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,308 1,567 34,222 25,630 56,516 C. E. Young . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 1,367 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Desrosier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 18,904 19,429 64,868 R. P. Lippe Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,481 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. H. Tompkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Dingwall . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,906 4,603 8,828 R. Wolston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. A. Campbell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300 11,728 . . . . . . . C. Raymond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. R. McCarthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,101 Chaplin Bros. . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,423 Thomson & Earle . . . . . . . 951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367 Laberge & Co. . . . . . . . . . . 506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sundry Shippers . . . . . . . . 298 3,396 3,715 14,423 12,659 Grand Trunk Ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 . . . . . . . 3,698 22,150 Can. Pac. Ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 2,299 Through Shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 6,944 Government Shipments . . 443,603 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493,073 290,051 563,783 853,962 717,715 The Chateau Laurier and New Central Station, Ottawa–Grand Trunk Railway System | QUINTAL & LYNCH LIMITED Grain, Hay, Feed, Domestic and Export OFFICES: BEARDMORE BLDG., 59 ST. PETER ST. MONTREAL - W. H. DWYER COMPANY L I M IT ED W H O L E S A L E D E A L E R S A N D EXPO R T E R S OF HAY and GRAIN Room 302 - Board of Trade Building - - MONTREAL Established 1880 Telephone Main 2948 JAS, McDONNELL Hay, Grain and Cattle Supplies Office : 128 Wellington Street, Montreal Barns : 91 to 103 Dalhousie Street, Montreal Lukis, Stewart & Co. LIMITED INS URA NCE | Special facilities for Grain in Elevators and : Goods in Warehouse # PHONE MAIN 5148 232 ST. JAMES STREET, . MONTREAL The Twentieth Century Is Canada's THE RESOURCES OF CANADA are illimitable. The wealth of her Farms, Fruit Areas, Forests, Fisheries and Mines is a wonder of the twentieth Century. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA in the last decade is one of the marvels of modern times, THE OPPORTUNITY IN CANADA is the opportunity of to-day. Her broad acres invite the land-hungry; her free farms call for settlers; her front door is wide open to willing workers, while wealth and a welcome await those who come, If not satisfied with your present position write for illustrated pamphlets about Canada to W. D. SCOTT Superintendent of Immigration OTT AWA, CANADA The Export Fruit Trade | EGARDING the heavy holdings of apples in the United States, latest advices to hand say:- From the best sources obtainable the hold- ings of apples in the United States December 1st were in excess of 8,000,000 barrels. This included boxed stock. It is well known that at that time last year the holdings of barrels and boxes were around 5,000,000 barrels, showing an in- ------- - crease over last year of fully 3,000,- *...º. .." 000 barrels. Canada has about 200,000 barrels more than last year. The heavy increase is largely in boxed apples. Roughly speak- ing, there are 3,000,000 boxes more apples in cold and common storage than at the same time last year. The bulk of this in- crease is in California, which is reported to have over 1,000,000 boxes compared with 600,000 December 1, 1913. Although there have been reports that the Colorado crop was pretty well cleaned up, it is learned from authentic sources that that State has nearly 600,000 boxes, while Washington has 1,500,000 boxes, nearly 1,000,000 boxes more than last year at the same time. * From estimates gathered by the News correspondents in New York State the holdings of barrels and boxes, reduced to barrels, are in the neighbourhood of 2,600,000 barrels. This is nearly 900,000 barrels more than last year. New England States, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts, have about the same quantity as last season, while Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin are far ahead. The same is true of West Virginia and Virginia. It is figured that the former State has at present 260,000 barrels in cold and common storage, compared with 65,000 last year. Virginia has 275,000 barrels against 165,000 on December 1 last year. Indiana is º º º º ºº: ---------- - º 172 TEIE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE credited with 160,000 barrels, practically the same as last year. Illinois is far ahead of last year, her holdings being 750,000 barrels compared to 575,000 December 1 last year.” The following table shows the exports of apples to the different foreign markets for the season 1914, with compari- SOIn S : — - 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. POrtS. |Bbls. Bbls. Bbls. Bbls. GlasgO W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,837 109,466 197,815 129,925 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,902 66,927 89,002 65,333 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,354 15,817 16,257 50,083 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,662 11,062 17,441 8,907 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,886 15,924 9,575 Various . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,202 5,532 8,778 7,112 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171,957 220,690 345,217 270,995 The following table shows the exports of apples from Cana- dian and United States ports from May 1st, 1914, to November 30th, 1914 :- Glas- Man- From I liverpool, London. gow. Chester. Various. Total. BOStOn . . . . . . . . . . 151,149 8,420 38,380 43,630 3,362 244,941 New York . . . . . . 184,210 80,473 112,349 1,597 73,294 452,280 Portland . . . . . . . . 52,567 140 38,575 . . . . . . 6,012 97,294 Montreal . . . . . . . . 41,902 3,662 89,837 21,354 15,202 171,957 FIalifax . . . . . . . . . . 120,253 173, 183 37,686 27,977 4,212 363,314 St. John . . . . . . . . . 3,597 11,404 177 . . . . . . - - - 15,178 Total . . . . . . . 553,678 277,282 317,004 94,918 102,082 1,344,964 Last year . . 446,650 239,549 300,854 49,344 187,943 1,224,340 The following table shows the total shipments of apples from Canadian and United States ports for the season 1914, with comparisons:— From. 1914. 1913. 1912. Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,941 244,460 387,713 New York . . . . . . . . . . . 452,280 388,868 639,083 Portland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,294 46,683 92,213 Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171,957 220,690 345,217 Halifax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363,314 314,750 394,410 St. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,178 8,889 11,832 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,344,964 1,234,340 1,870,468 THE EXPORT FRUIT TRADE 173 The following table shows the exports of apples from the port of Montreal for the past thirty-five years:– Year. Barrels. 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,276 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,423 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,190 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,445 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,487 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,716 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,713 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,058 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,307 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,526 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,095 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320,457 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429,243 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,255 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,353 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,027 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700,274 Year. Barrels. 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,313 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404,573 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285,258 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,219 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,465 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476,425 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732,044 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375,085 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551,914 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399,161 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624,159 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353,146 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587,287 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,729 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,995 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345,217 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,690 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171,957 Boxes included in above as three to a barrel. The total exports from the port of Montreal for the past thirty-five years amount to 9,425,762 barrels. Steamship “ Prince Rupert "—Grand Trunk Pacific Railway W. MANN. F. H. CARLIN, President. General Supt. and Sec.-Treas. Montreal Stock Yards Company MONTREAL, QUE. Located on the Tracks of the Grand Trunk Railway System Extensive Improvements Completed. New Hog Pens. New Cattle Sheds. Yards Replanked and Enlarged. Horse Stables Renovated. The Most Comfortable and Complete Stock Yards and Horse Stables in the Dominion of Canada. Lighted throughout with Electricity. - - - _F H. CRRLIN MANAGER - - º -- - º - | - - - - - --Tº- º ------- 1-1-1-1-1. --- HE Montreal Stock Yards Company, which is situated at Point St. Charles, in the City of Montreal, was organized many years ago for the accommodation of shippers of Live Stock from all points East and West, and also for the sale of the same, and it is now recognized as the leading West End Market. (These Yards are closely connected with the Grand Trunk Railway and are therefore very convenient to Shippers, as all live stock can be unloaded on the premises. Owing to the steady increase in the volume of business during the past year, the Company has erected a first- class double-decked market with all the latest improvements, for the sale and handling of all local and export live stock, and also for the convenience of Butchers." The ground floor of the above is used for the sale of cattle and the second floor for the sale of sheeſ, lambs, calves and hogs. In addition to the above this Company has also added to their already extensive plant, a new abattoir which has been fitted up with all the latest improved machinery. This abattoir has a capacity for killing 3,000 head of cattle, 5,000 hogs and sheep and calves per week. Besides the above, they have also put in a new electric plant which supplies the light to all the different departments Give us a trial and you will not be disappointed. * |---------------------- i Export Cured Meat Trade HERE has been no improvement to note in the export trade in lard and cured meats from the port of Montreal, in fact, the shipments of both for the season 1914 were the smallest for some years past, which is said to be due to the high prices Tuling for hogs in Canada and the United States during the past season, consequently, packers have not been in a position to compete favourably with other exporting countries, but on the other hand there has been a larger trade accomplished in canned meats which is due to the fact that the demand for these goods since war was declared, in August, has been heavy, and packers were kept very busy filling orders for the army right up to the close of navigation for shipment from here, and they have still large quantities to go forward by way of Cana- dian winter ports. With reference to canned goods the exports of canned fish this season have been considerably in excess of those for 1913, owing to the fact that the demand from the Continent for canned lobsters was particularly good up to the time war was declared, but since then large markets like Ger- many and Austria were cut off, and on account of the whole of the European trade being demoralized further business was curtailed to some extent, but the exports of these goods were pretty well over when the war commenced. On the other hand the export trade in canned fruits and vegetables has been much Smaller this season on account of the low prices ruling for fresh apples in Great Britain, where the demand is principally from for these lines of goods, and as the prices for the canned article in that market were correspondingly low the sales to British Isles were smaller. . The exports of lard for the season 1914 amounted to 498,373 packages, as compared with 698,036 packages in 1913, showing a decrease of 200,663 packages, and a decrease of 208,391 packages as compared with 1912. The exports of cured meats for 1914 were 55,534 cases, as against 82,847 in 1913, showing a decrease of 27,313 cases, and a decrease of 74,326 176 ENFORT CURED MEAT TRADE cases as compared with 1912. The shipments of canned meats for 1914 were 26,573 cases, as compared with 25,303 cases for 1913, showing an increase of 1,270 cases, and an increase of 498 cases with 1912. The exports of canned goods for the season 1914 amounted to 105,766 cases, as compared with 172,632 cases for 1913, showing a decrease of 66,866 cases, and a decrease of 14,494 cases with 1912, and a decrease of 56,510 cases with 1911. The following table shows the exports of lard, cured meats and tinned meats from the port of Montreal for the season 1914, with comparisons:— 1914 1913 Canned Canned Lard, Meats, Meats, Lard, Meats, Meats, POrtS. Pkgs. Cases. Cases. Pkgs. Cases. Cases. London . . . . . . . . . 177,135 7,895 2,187 217,890 11,303 1,779 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . 120,595 6,412 4,010 174,901 11,561 4,262 Liverpool 77,396 48,477 11,875 132,113 34,316 12,518 Manchester . . . . . 103,505 2,751 4,671 158,948 6,605 5,185 Glasgow . . . . . . . . 15,811 13,599 1,627 7,675 16,582 160 South Africa. . . . . 2,402 1,017 2,168 235 2,374 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . 65 # tº e º 'º tº gº tº g 475 e e g g tº Havre . . . . . . . . . . tº º & ſº º 780 35 e g g º e 598 Hamburg . . . . . . . 600 1,050 tº & & © & Newcastle . . . . . . 600 500 231 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 © e º gº tº & Cº º & & & º 'º g tº Belfast . . . . . . . . . 25 3,599 106 570 Antwerp . . . . . . . . 174 125 Total . . . . . . . 498,373 55,534 26,573 698,036 82,847 25.303 Correspondence Solicited THE WHYTE PACKING CO. LIMITED HEAD OFFICE: STRATFORD, ONT. EXPORTERS OF HAMS, BACON, BUTTER, CHEESE AND EGGS MONTREAL OFFICE: 37 William St., Montreal, Can. EXPORT CURED MEAT TRADE 177 The shipments of canned goods to the different foreign with comparisons, were as markets for the season 1914, follows:— 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. Ports. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. GlasgOW . . . . . . . 7,611, 27,362 3,914 3,025 9,655 11,996 London . . . . . . . . 27,282 48,556 12,231 9,251 23,002 24,361 Liverpool . . . . . . 28,048 45,126 15,767 22,419 7,157 25,511 Havre . . . . . . . . . 31,696 29,968 46,687 10,305 8,721 15,196 Leith . . . . . . . . . . 2,099 6,000 e e º & tº & e º º ſº 50 58 Manchester . . . . 850 3,150 638 e e º 'º a © tº e º 'º 540 South Africa. . . . . 835 161 312 2,852 842 798 Bristol . . . . . . . . . tº e º 'º º & º º º 670 949 tº e º 'º e 9,425 Antwerp . . . . . . 978 709 335 405 373 1,008 Mexico . . . . . . . . tº e g º º & e º e e 35,060 * g s & 14,552 25,258 PHamburg . . . . . . 257 536 466 767 tº º ſº º & Belfast . . . . . . . . . 3,900 6,432 1,450 2,550 2,300 Dublin . . . . . . . . . & º & & 300 1,700 1,700 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . 1,700 4,082 1,030 tº e º º tº gº tº e º Newcastle . . . . . 399 250 & e º & 4. 50 2,479 New Zealand . . 111 * * * g e º ºs º gº tº tº e g º gº tº ſº º ºs & Australia. . . . . . . 21 Total . . . . . . 105,766 120,260 49,256 71,848 116,451 172,632 GUNNS LIMITED Pork and Beef Packers, Cotton Oil Refiners MANUFACTURERs of THE FAMous ‘‘BASIFIRST’’ SHORTENING © (> 0, 3. GUNN, LANGLOIS & CO., LIMITED CANADA'S LEADING PRODUCE HOUSE Dealers in HIGH-CLASS FARM AND DAIRY PRODUCE, BUTTER, CHEESE, EGGS, POULTRY, ETC, If it's anything good in Provisions—We have it TO | Settlers, Lumbermen and Sportsmen © () (> 7,000,000 Acres of Land Divided into Farm Lots, for Settle- ment in the Province of Quebec Over 100,000,000 Acres still Unsurveyed ‘ſ The fertile regions of LAKE TEMIS- CAMINGUE, the LAKE ST. JOHN, the OTTAWA, the MATAPEDIA, the BAIE DES CHALEURS, and the ABBITIBI especially, offer exceptional advantages. ‘. In these regions the most fertile and valuable kinds of timber for export and manufacturing purposes are to be found, such as Pine, Spruce, Cedar, Maple, Black Birch, White Birch, Etc. Q Plenty of Spruce, which is in great de- mand for Pulp Making. © () (> Price of Fine Lots of 100 Acres, 20 to 50 cents per Acre For further information write to the CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT QUEBEC | TheTimber and Deal Exports - - - - * * * * * * * *= * * * * Lººms. As * * -a-sa Ama- wºme=r º w yºu ºr ºs wºmºy w y wºm' waſ wºm' HE early arrival of cold weather and Snow has restricted building operations which were already greatly curtailed by the general business situation. A fair amount of business, however, is reported by several wholesalers and there is a rather general feeling that, at the beginning of next season, trade will revive considerably. Shipments of spruce and birch to the Old Country continue on a small scale, but very little pine is going forward. Freight rates for lumber are high, the increase since the beginning of the season being from 33s 9d. to 60s. and as high as 65s. per standard. The total exports from Montreal will show a large decrease this year. In the St. Maurice Valley district it is expected that the cut this season will be about the same as last season. Practically all the mills in the Three Rivers district are closed and there are still many logs in the rivers. No important changes are reported from St. John, N.B. Indications are that all low grade stocks of rough lumber and much of the merchantable rough stocks will be used up by next Spring. There will be from 18,000,000 to 20,000,000 feet of logs Carried over the winter at St. John for spring sawing, mostly long logs for American stocks. Prices for English deals continue very firm and the mills now operating at St. John are running on this stock. During the last three weeks freights have risen from 60s. to 65s. Owing to the European war and the great scarcity of Ocean freight space the export trade in this department from the port of Montreal has been the smallest for some years past, as the total shipments for the season 1914 only amounted to 71,401,401 feet which show a decrease of 34,417,766 feet as compared with last year, a decrease of 37,969,363 with 1912, a decrease of 32,071,819 with 1911, and a decrease of 46,405,365 With 1910. The following table shows the exports of wood goods to Great Britain, Continent, South Africa and Australia from 180 THE TIMBER AND DEAL EXPORTS the port of Montreal for the season 1914, with comparisons:– 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. No. of No. of No. of No. of Exporters. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. Watson & Todd, Ltd... 26,165,790 34,596,642 33,217,881 30,663,444 R. Cox & Co. . . . . . . . . . . 11,336,151 18,326,191 17,316,113 13,296,102 J. Burstall & Co. . . . . . . 6,708,937 8,905,256 9,149,894 9,334,797 W. & J. Sharples . . . . . . 6,296,006 13,571,128 12,943,460 10,222,326 E. M. Nicholson . . . . . . . . 5,284,731 7,695,305 7,670,005 9,134,954 E. H. Lemay . . . . . . . . . . 3,339,582 3,522,941 8,857,349 7,208,343 Dobell, Beckett & Co. . . 2,677,768 3,527,783 4,267,930 4,930,711 Cox, Long & Co. . . . . . . 474,818 1,878,741 2,211,896 2,431,104 Railways, Steamship Lines and small shippers . . . . . . . . . . . 9,117,618 13,795,180 13,736,236 16,251,439 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,401,401 105,819,167 109,370,764 103,473,220 Total Exports to Great Britain and Continent 69,858,348 101,543,392 106,603,976 . . . . . . . . . . Total to South Africa. . 1,543,053 4,011,701 2,637,407 . . . . . . . . . . Total to Australia and New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,074 129,381 . . . . . . . . . . - - - º “ | | ºn - - ºn | ſº ºr ----== º - ºf - - --------- - - º º: : º º:::::::::::: - - - º - - º --- - º º - - - - - - º - - º | | | || - - - - - -- - - - The Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Man-Grand Trunk Pacific Railway For Reliable News Re a d Glac (jazette M O N T R E A L -º- PRINCE RUPERT, B.C., PACIFIC COAST TERMINUS–Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Table of Contents PAGE The Trade of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Improvements to the Port of Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 The Shipping Business. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69 Distances in Marine Miles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 The Cheese Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J11 The Butter Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Montreal the Leader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 The Export Egg Trade. . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 139 The Export Grain Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 The Export Flour Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 The Export Hay Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 The Export Fruit Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 The Export Cured Meat Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 The Timber and Deal Exports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Monument which the Citizens of Montreal have erected to the memory of King Edward VII. Unveiled by H. R. H. The Duke of Connaught, October 1st, 1914 White Star-Dominion Line ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS Montreal—Quebec Portland, Me.—Halifax, N.S. Liverpool Liverpool DOMINION LINE Montreal—Bristol & Portland, Me.—Bristol The Largest Steamers Montreal to Liverpool FLEET OF PASSENGER AND FREIGHT STEAMERS (Building) SS. Regina (Triple Screw) 15,700 Tons SS. Laurentic (Triple Screw) 15,000 Tons SS. Dominion (Twin Screw) 7,000 Tons & 4 & & § { 6,500 § { “ Megantic (Twin Screw) 15,000 “ Englishman ‘‘ Teutonic § { 4 & 10,000 “ “ Cornishman 4 & & & 6,000 “ “ Canada & is é & 10,000 “ ‘‘ Welshman { { 4 & 6,000 “ ‘‘ Norseman & 8 & a 11,700 “ “ Turcoman § { § { 6,000 “ “ Irishman & & * * 11,700 “ “ Manxman § { # & 5,000 “ HE “LAURENTIC” and “MEGANTIC” are the largest steamers from Montreal and afford every up-to-date facility for passengers in all classes. The “TEUTONIC,” “CANADA" and “DOMINION” carry One Class Cabin (11) and Third Class Passen- gers. Cabin (11) passengers by these steamers have unrestricted use of the best accommo- º on the ship at lower rates than prevail on vessels carrying Cabin passengers in two Classes. Summer–Steamers sail from Montreal and passengers have an opportunity to enjoy the beauties of the St. Lawrence in the full length of this majestic river from the Canadian Metropolis to the open sea. STRING ORCHESTRAS CARRIED ON ALL STEAMERS |Electric Light F-| Saloons Amidships |= Unexcelled Service The steamers are large and fast and personal attention is given to the handling and storage of Eggs, Cheese, Butter, Apples and all cargo of a perishable nature. Steamers are fitted with Cool Air, Cold Storage and Fan-Ventilated Chambers. Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of all Railways. For sailings and informa- tion, apply to the Railway Agents or Local Agents of the Company, or to Wh * S D gº tº L tº 118 Notre Dame St. West, Montreal 1te Star-Dominion Line iii. Street "Bºtani, Mè. M. A. OVEREND, Frt. Agt. H. G. THORLEY, Pass. Agt. W. M. MACPHERSON 28 Wellington Street East 41 King Street East 53 Dalhousie Street TORONTO, Ont. TORONTO, Ont. QUEBEC REVIEW of the SHIPPING SEASON \{\. - 3)2C showing the º, EXPORT TRADE —IN CANADI. AN PRODUCTS from the Port of Montreal 1915 COMPILED BY THE COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT OF QIbe (Basette FOR TABLE OF conf E NT's se E PA G E 179 UN - RSITY OF Michiess w GENERAL LIBRARY SUN LIFE Assºciº COMPANY OF CANADA HEAD OFFICE - NMONTREAL © (> 0 ° issued its first policy in 871. In the inter- vening forty-four years, step by step the Sun Life of Canada has won its way to the position of Canada's largest and most powerful life assurance corporation. Tº: in l 35, the Company Q. It now operates actively in forty-two coun- tries, under twenty-two flags and upon four continents. ‘. During the past year, more than 17,000 Sun Life of Canada policies were issued for assur- ances totalling over $32,000,000, the largest amount issued by any Canadian life company. ‘I Excepting companies issuing industrial poli- cies, it issues annually more new assurances than any other company in the British Empire. ‘. It does, moreover, the largest annuity busi- ness in the Empire. ‘I To-day, the Company's assurances in force exceed $250,000,000, much the largest amount carried by any Canadian life company. ‘ſ Their world-wide popularity is proof that Sun Life of Canada policies are safe and profit- able policies to buy and to hold. © (> O CHIEF OFFICE FOR THE UNITED KINGDOM Canada House, Four and Five Norfolk St., Strand, London, W. C. The Allan Line Steamship Company, Limited ESTABLISHED 1854 à % % % % % % * e = % à à % % % 3 ? ? % à % 2 % 2* % % º % e *- Eºss- * * * *s -** * * ~~ SERVICES SUMMER WINTER Montreal—Liverpool St. John, N.B.-Liverpool Montreal—Glasgow St. John, N.B.-Havre 2. 2. 2 Montreal—Havre St. John, N.B.-London Montreal—London Boston—Glasgow Boston—Glasgow Portland—Glasgow Steamers include R.M.S. “ALSATIAN’’ and “CALGARIAN,” (largest on Canadian route), “Victorian '' and “Virginian '' (Triple-Screw Turbine), and large “One-Class” Steamers “Corsican,” “Scandinavian,” “Scotian,” etc. The only line operating steamers Canada to France direct. For particulars of passage, freight, etc., apply: PRINCIPAL OFFICES IN CANADA AND UNITED STATES MONTREAL, QUE. . . . . . . . . 2 St. Peter Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. & A. ALLAN MONTREAL, QUE. . . . . . . . . 4 Youville Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. & A. ALLAN MONTREAL, QUE. . . . . . . . . 675 St. Catherine St. W. . . . . . . . THE ALLAN LINE QUEBEC, QUE. . . . . . . . . . . . 81 St. Peter Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . ALLANS, RAE & Co. ST. JoHN, N.B. . . . . . . . . . . Dominion Express Bldg.. . . . . . . H. & A. ALLAN ST. John, N. B. . . . . . . . . . . Royal Bank Building. . . . . . . . . . WM. THOMSON & Co. ST. JoHN, N. B. . . . . . . . . . . Dominion Express Bldg.. . . . . . . W. H. C. MACKAY HALIFAX, N.S. . . . . . . . . . . . Water Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FURNESS, WITHY & Co. TORONTO, ON.T. . . . . . . . . . . 95 King Street West. . . . . . . . . . . THE ALLAN LINE WINNIPEG, MAN. . . . . . . . . 364 Main Street... . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. R. ALLAN VANCOUVER, B.C. . . . . . . . 320 Homer Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE ALLAN LINE BOSTON, MASS... . . . . . . . . . 90 State Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. & A. ALLAN CHICAGO, ILL. . . . . . . . . . . . 127 North Dearborn St. . . . . . . . ALLAN & COMPANY MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. . . . . 124 South Third Street. . . . . . . . . H. A. WATSON PORTLAND, ME. . . . . . . . . . 1 India Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. & A. ALLAN EXCELLENCE IN RAILWAY SERVICE is expressed in what the GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM The Double Track Route is offering the Travelling Public © () (> UNEXCELLED ROAD-BED COURTEOUS ATTENTION SUPERB DINING CAR SERVICE MODERN EQUIPMENT © O. O. HE GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM reaches all trade centres in Eastern Canada and is now a large factor in Western Canada traffic through the Grand Trunk Pacific. THE NEw RouTE To THE WEST —via G. T. System, T. & N. O. Ry., and Canadian Govt. Ry., through Toronto, North Bay, Cobalt, Cochrane and Winnipeg —offers many attractive features, traversing largely an entirely new country. Write for descriptive folders. THE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED —Canada's train of superior service—leaves Montreal at 10.15 a.m. daily and arrives at Toronto 5.45 p.m., London 8.53 p.m., Detroit 10.58 p.m., Chicago 8.00 a.m. Modern in every detail. Observation, Library, Compartment Cars. Electric Lighted. GRAND TRUNK. PACIFIC The Ideal Route to Alaska and the Yukon The new scenic route to the Pacific Coast through the North American Alps and Central British Columbia, connecting at Prince Rupert, B. C., with Grand Trunk Pacific palatial steamships for Pacific Coast points, Vancouver, Victoria and Seattle, through the “Norway of America.” - G. T. BELL W. S. COOKSON Passenger Traffic Manager General Passenger Agent MONTREAL, Que. MONTREAL, Que. THE MERCHANTS BANK OF CANADA • * ESTABLISHED 1864 Head Office, º ſº MONTREAL CAPITAL PAID UP - - - $7,000,000 (£1,438,356) Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits $7,245,140 (£1,488,727) President—SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN Vice-President—K. W. BLACKWELL E. F. HEBDEN, General Manager. T. E. MERRETT, Supt. of Branches and Chief Inspector. D. C. MACAROW, Manager Montreal Branch. BRANCHES AND AGENCIES: QUEBEC Montreal—(Head Office), St. James St. Chateauguay Basin Rigaud § & 1255 St. Catherine St. E. Huntingdon Shaw ville 4 4 320 St. Catherine St. W. Lachine Sherbrooke Ste. Agathe St. Jerome Maisonneuve Napierville § { 13 19 St. Lawrence Boul. § 4 1866 St. Lawrence Boul. 4 tº 672 Centre St. Ormstown St. Johns 4 & St. Denis & St. Zoticlue Sts. Quebec St. Jovite Beauharnois “ St. Sauveur Vaudreuil Bury Quyon Verdun ONTARIO Acton Elora Kingston Ottawa Toronto Alvinston Finch Lancaster Owen Sound ‘‘ Dundas St. Athens Ford Lansdowne Perth ‘‘ Parkdale Belleville Fort William Leamington Prescott ‘‘ Parliament St- Berlin Galt Little Current Preston '' Dupont and Bothwell Gananoque London Renfrew Christie Sts. Brampton Georgetown London East Sarnia Walkerton Brantford Glencoe Lucan Stratford Walkerville Bronte Gore Bay Lyn t. Eugene Wallaceburg Chatham Granton Markdale St. George Watford Chatsworth Guelph Meaford St. Thomas West Lorne Chesley Hamilton Mild may Tara Westport Clarkson ‘‘ East End Mitchell Thamesville Wheatley Creemore Hanover Napanee Thorold Williamstown elta Hespeler Newbury Tilbury Windsor Eganville ‘Ingersoll Oakville Toronto... Yarker Elgin Kincardine Orillia ‘‘ Wellington St. M A N I TOBA Brandon Hartney Napinka Port. la Prairie Starbuck Carberry MacGregor Neepawa Russel Winnipeg Gladstone Morris Oak Lake Souris & & ann. Ave. - SAS KATC HE WAN Antler Frobisher Kisbey Moose Jaw Shaunavon Arcola Gull Lake Limerick Oxbow Unity Battleford Gainsborough Maple Creek Regina Whitewood Carnduff Humboldt Melville Saskatoon ALB ERTA Acme Daysland Hughenden Munson Tofield Brooks Delburne Islay Okotoks Trochu Calgary Donalda Killam Olds Vegreville Camrose Edgerton Lacombe Rim bey Viking Carstairs Edmonton Leduc Red Deer Wainwright Castor “ Alberta Ave. Lethbridge Sedgewick Wetaskiwin Chauvin “ Namayo Ave. Mannville Stettler West Edmonton Coronation Edson Medicine Hat Stronie BRITISH COLUMBIA Chilliwack Nanaimo New Westminster Oak Bay Sidney Vancouver (Granville St.) Vancouver (Hastings St.) Victoria NOVA SCOTIA NEW BRUNSWICK Halifax St. John Sub-Agencies—ONTARIO, Beachville, Calabogie, Frankville, London South, Muirkirk, Newington, Pelee Island. MANITOBA, Austin, Griswold, Lauder, Sidney. ALBERTA, Botha, Czar, Lorrain, Rumsey. UNITED STATES-New York—63 and 65 Wall Street, Agents in GREAT BRITAIN:—The Long }; Stock Bank, Limited; the Royal Bank of CO tian Cl. A General Banking Business Transacted. Interest at 3 per cent. per annum allowed on SAVINGS BANK D E POSIT S of $1.00 and upwards. Commercial Letters of Credit issued available in China, Japan and other Foreign Countries. Travellers’ Letters of Credit and Cheques issued, available in all Parts of the World. Drafts sold available in any city or banking town in the United Kingdom or the United States. Particular attention given to Immigrants' business The Royal Trust Co. 107 St. James Street, MONTREAL CAPITAL Capital Fully Paid — — $1,000,000 Reserve Fund — — — $1,000,000 BOARD OF DIRECTORS H. V. Meredith, President Sir H. Montagu Allan, C.V.O., Vice-President R. B. Angus Hon. Sir Lomer Gouin, Herbert Molson A. Baumgarten K.C.M.G. Sir T. G. Shaughnessy, A. D. Braithwaite E. B. Greenshields K.C.V.O. E. J. Chamberlin C. R. Hosmer Sir Frederick H. R. Drummond Sir W. C. Macdonald Williams-Taylor, C. B. Gordon Hon. R. Mackay LL.D. A. E. Holt, Manager Office and Safety Deposit Vaults, 107 St. James St., Montreal Imperial Bank of Canada ESTABLISHED 1875 HEAD OFFICE - TORONTO Capital paid up - - $ 7,000,000 Reserve Fund gº º 7,000,000 DIRECTORS PELEG. HOWLAND, President ELIAS ROGERS, Vice-President Wm. Ramsay, of Bowland, Stow, Scotland, J. Kerr Osborne, Cawthra Mulock, Hon. Richard Turner (Quebec), Wm. Hamilton Merritt, M.D. (St. Catharines), W. J. Gage, Sir J. A. M. Aikins, K.C., M.P. (Winnipeg), John Northway, Hon. W. J. Hanna, M.P.P., J. F. Michie. - BRANCHES IN THE PROVINCES OF ONTARIO, QUEBEC, MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN, ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA. AGENTS:—ENGLAND: Lloyd's Bank. Limited. SCOTLAND: Commercial Bank of Scotland Limited. FRANCE: Crédit Lyonnais. UNITED STATES: Bank of the Manhattan Company, NEW YORK. Information furnished regarding Canadian Securities and Investments. Special facilities for the transfer of monies to all parts of Canada. Letters of Credit, Drafts and Travellers' Cheques issued, available in all parts of the world. Special attention given to collections. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT at all Branches; Interest allowed on deposits at Current rates. A GENERAL BANKING BUSINESS TRANSACTED. E. HAY, General Manager WM. MOFFAT, Assistant General Manager THE MOLSONS BANK INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT, 1855 Capital Paid Up Reserve Fund HEAD OFFICE $4,000,000 4,000,000 MONTREAL EDWARD C. PRATT - General Manager E. W. WAUD, Superintendent of Branches H. A. HARRIES, Inspector BRANCHES Alberta Ontario—Con. Ontario—Com. Quebec—Con. Calgary Forest St. Thomas Montreal—St. James St. Camrose Formosa “ East End Branch “ St. Catherine St. Br'ch Edmonton Frankford Teeswater “ Market & Harbor “ Lethbridge Hamilton Toronto “ Maisonneuve {{ . . . . , “ Market Br'ch “Queen St. & Bea- “ St. Henri & British Columbia a jamés & far: consfield Ave. “Cote des Neiges {{ §ºlstºke ton Sts. Trenton “ St. Lawrence Blvd. “ Vancouver Hensall Wales “ Cote St. Paul {{ East End Highgate Waterloo “ Park & Bernard Ave. “ Manitoba Iroquois West Toronto “Tetreaultville {{ Winnipeg Kingsville Williamsburg * Montreal West {& “Portage Ave. Kirkton Woodstock Pierreville Lambton Mills Zurich Quebec Ontario London Quebec “ Upper Town Branch Alvinston Lucknow Arthabaska Richmond Amherstburg Meaford Bedford Roberval Aylmer Merlin Chicoutini Sorel Belleville Morrisburg Cowansville Sutton Berlin Norwich Drummondville St. Cesaire Brockville Ottawa Foster Ste. Marie Beauce Chesterville Owen Sound Fraserville & Riviere St. Ours Clinton Port Arthur du Loup Station Ste. Therese de Blainville Delhi Ridgetown Knowlton Trois Pistoles Drumbo Simcoe Lachine Victoriaville Dutton Smiths Falls Matane Ville St. Pierre Exeter St. Mary's Mont-Joli Waterloo DOMINION BANK HEAD OFFICE : TORONTO, CANADA Capital Paid Up - gº s $ 6,000,000 Reserve Fund and Undivided Profits 7,300,000 Total Assets - * * tº º 81,000,000 SIR EDMUND B. OSLER, M.P., President CLARENCE A. BOGERT, General Manager EXPORTERS of Grain, Cattle, Cheese and all Produce offered special facilities. FOREIGN EXCHANGE BOUGHT AND SOLD LETTERS OF CREDIT Travellers' and Commercial Letters of Credit and Travellers' Cheques issued. MONTREAL BRANCH Eº M. S. BOGERT, Manager STUDENTS, SCHOLARS, CLERKS, APPRENTICES, YOUNG MEN Deposit your Savings with The Montreal City and District Savings Bank HEAD OFFICE AND 14 BRANCHES IN MONTREAL ESTABLISHED 1846 DIRECTORS:—Hon. J. Ald. Quimet, Pres.; Hon. Robert Mackay, Vice- Pres.; Richard Bolton, Robert Archer, Hon. R. Dandurand, G. N. Moncel, Hon. §. J. Doherty, Hon. Sir Lomer Gouin, Donald A. Hingston, M.D., F. W. OlSOIl. THE ONLY BANK incorporated under the Savings Bank Act doing business in the City of Montreal. Its charter (different from that of all other Banks) ENSURES EVERY POSSIBLE PROTECTION to Depositors. Its CHIEF OBJECT is to receive and to SAFELY INVEST SAVINGS, however moderate, of the widow, orphan, scholar, clerk or apprentice, of the young people, and the working, industrial and agricultural classes. Every . and attention will be shown to you, whether your account be large or small. r A. P. LESPERANCE, Manager ASK FOR ONE OF OUR ‘‘ HOME SAVINGS BANKS..” IT WILL HELP YOU TO SAVE. The Bank of British North America ESTABLISHED IN 1836 : INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER IN 1840 Paid Up Capital - º gº $4,866,666 Reserve Fund gº tº gº 3,017,333 HEAD OFFICE–5 Gracechurch Street, London, E.C. JACKSON DODDS, Secretary. W. S. GOLD BY, Manager. COURT OF DIRECTORS F. R. S. BALFOUR E. A. HOARE J. H. BRODIE E. G. HOARE J. H. MAYNE CAMPBELL FREDERIC LUB BOCK GEO. D. WHAT MAN C. W. TOM KINSON HEAD OFFICE IN CANADA—ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL H. B. MACKENZIE, General Manager J. ANDERSON, Supt. of Branches H. A. HARVEY, Supt. of Eastern Branches, Montreal J. McEACHERN. Supt. of Central Branches, Winnipeg . R. ROWLEY, Chief Inspector A. S. HALL, Inspector of Branch Returns J. H. GILLARD and N. V. R. H.UUS, Inspectors BRANCHES IN CANADA Agassiz, B.C Kandahar, Sask. St. Catharines, Ont. Alexander, Man. Kaslo, B.C St. John, N. B. Ashcroft, B.C Kelliher, Sask. St. John, N. B., Haymarket. Battleford, Sask. Kerrisolale, B.C Square. Belmont, Man. Kingston, Ont St. John, N. B., Union St. Bobcaygeon, Ont. Lampman, Sask. St. Stephen, N. B. Boucherville, P.Q Lillooet, B.C Saltcoats, Sask. Bow Island, Alta. London, Ont. . Saskatoon, Sask. Brandon, Man. London, Market Sq. Selkirk, Man. Brantford, Ont. Longueuil, P.Q Semans, Sask. Bromhead, Sask. Macleod, Alta. Toronto, Ont. Cainsville, Ont. Midland, Ont. Toronto, Ont., Bloor and Calgary, Alta. Montreal, P.Q. Lansdowne. Campbellford, Ont. “ St. Catherine Street. Toronto, Ont., King and Ceylon, Sask. “ Rosemount. Dufferin Sts. Darlingford, Man. North Battleford, Sask. Toronto, Ont., Queen St. Davidson, Sask. North Vancouver, B.C. and Beech Ave. Dawson, Yukon. Oak River, Man. Toronto, Ont., Royce Ave. Duck Lake, Sask. 150 Mile House, B.C. Trail, B.C. Duncan, B.C. Ottawa, Ont. Vancouver, B.C. Edmonton, Alta. Prince George, B.C. Varennes, P.Q Esquimalt, B.C. Prince Rupert, B.C. Verdun, P.Q. Estevan, Sask. Punnichy, Sask. Victoria, B.C. Fenelon Falls, Ont. Quebec, P.Q. ! Wakaw, Sask. Fredericton, N. B. Quebec, St. John's Gate. T. Waldron, Sask. Girvin, Sask. Quesnel, B.C. West Toronto, Ont. Halifax, N.S. Raymore, Sask. Weston, Ont. Hamilton, Ont. Regina, Sask. Winnipeg, Man. “ Victoria Ave. Reston, Man. Winnipeg, McGregor and ‘‘ Westinghouse Ave. Rhein, Sask. Selkirk Ave. Hedley, B.C. Rossland, B.C. Wynyard, Sask. Ituna, Sask. Rosthern, Sask. Yorkton, Sask. AGENCIES IN UNITED STATES, ETC. NEW YORK Agent W. T. Oliver SAN FRANSCISCO A t ſA. G. Fry 52 wall Street “8”. P. C. Harrison 264 California Street “*\A. S. Ireland CHICAGO-Merchants Loan & Trust Co. BOSTON.—Merchants National Bank MIN NEAPOLIS-Scandinavian-American PORTLAND, OR.E.-Ladd & Tilton National Bank SEATTLE-Dexter Horton National Bank FOREIGN AGENTS-LONDON BANKERS–The Bank of England, Messrs. Glyn & Co. LIVERPOOL–Bank of Liverpool, Limited. SCOTLAND–National Bank of Scotland, Limited, and Branches. IRELAND–Provincial Bank of Ireland, Limited and Branches; National Bank, Limited, and Branches. AUSTRALIA—Bank of New South Wales: Union Bank of Australia, Limited. NEW ZEALAND–Bank of New South Wales, Union Bank of Australia, Limited. INDIA, CHINA and JAPAN–Mer- cantile Bank of India, Limited. WEST INDIES-Colonial Bank. FRANCE—Credit Lyonnais. Agents in Canada for Colonial Bank, London, and West Indies. Drafts, Money Orders, Circular Letters of Credit and Travellers’ Cheques issued, negotiable in all Parts of the World. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT AT ALL BRANCHES The Royal Bank of Canada INCORPORATED 1869 Head Office - tºº MONTREAL SIR HERBERT S. HOLT, President. E. L. PEASE, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Man. Capital Authorized - - - $ 25,000,000 Capital Paid Up - tº E * 11,560,000 Reserves tº- tº tº * º 13,174,000 Total Assets tº me m = 190,000,000 330 BRANCHES THROUGHOUT CANADA 28 BRANCHES IN CUBA, Pośg Rigºpownican REPUBLIC AND TA BRANCHES IN BRITISH WEST INDIES ANTIGUA, St. John's; BAHAMAS, Nassau; BARBADOS, Bridgetown; DOMINICA, Roseau; GRENADA, St. George's; JAMAICA, Kingston; ST. KITTS, Basseterre; TRINIDAD, Port of Spain and San Fernando; BRITISH GUIANA, Georgetown and New Amsterdam; BRITISH HONDURAS, Belize. LONDON NEW YORK Princes St., E.C. William and Cedar Streets A G E N E R A L BAN K I N G B U S IN E S S T R A N S A C T E D (O) Total Assets over $80,000,000 - Deposits - over $60,000,000 SIR WILLIAM PRICE Hon. President JOHN GALT President G. H. BALF General #, OF CANADA To Merchants, Manufacturers and Business Men generally: The Union Bank of Canada offers every form of service which a progressive bank can render —a service much more complete and valuable because of the network of over 320 Branches in Canada, extending from Halifax to Prince Rupert. LONDON, ENGLAND, BRANCH: 6 PRINCES STREET The Canadian Bank of Commerce HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO Capital Paid up - - $15,000,000 SIR. EDMUND WALKER Danville Dixville Dunham East Angus East Hatley Eastman Farnham Frelighsburg Granby Hemmingford Henryville Howick Huntingdon Iberville. Joliette Knowlton Lacolle Dundas Dunnville Emo Exeter Forest Fort Frances Fort William Galt Goderich Grimsby Guelph Hamilton Ingersoll Kingston Gleichen Granum Hanna Hardisty Highland High River Innisfail In nisſree Kitscoty Elbow Elfros Gilroy Hafford Hawarden Herbert Humboldt Kamsack Kerrobert Kincaid Kindersley Lair Elkhorn Gilbert Plains Grandview Golden Grand Forks Greenwood Kamloops Kelowna Keremeos Ladysmith Charlottetown YU KON Dawson White Horse New York QUEBEC Lawrenceville Lennoxville Magog Maisonneuve Mansonville Marbleton Marieville Megantic Montreal (6 offices) North Hatley Ormstown Phillipsburg Pointe aux Trembles Quebec (2 offices) Richmond Rimouski ONTARIO Lindsay London Madoc Niagara Falls Orangeville Oshawa Ottawa (2 offices) Paris Parkhill Parry Sound Peterboro Port Arthur Port Colborne Port McNicoll ALBERTA Lake Saskatoon Lethbridge Lougheed Macleod Medicine Hat Milk River Monarch Monitor Nanton SASKATC HE WAN Langham Lanigan Lashburn Lewvan Lloydminster Marcelin Melfort Melville Milestone Moose Jaw Moosomin Morse MANITOBA Le Pas Neepawa e ‘º Portage la Prairie t BRITISH COLUMBIA Mission City Nakusp Nanaimo Naramata Nelson New Westminster. Parksville Montague Amherst Antigonish Barrington Bridgewater - $13,500,000 Portland, Ore. The Bank of Scotland JOHN AIRD, General Manager Acton Vale Asbestos Ayer's Cliff Bedford Beebe Beloeil Beloeil Station Bic Bishop's Crossing Brome Clarenceville Chambly Basin Chicoutimi Coaticook Compton Cookshire Cowansville Ayr Barrie Belleville Berlin Blenheim Brantford Brockville Cayuga Chatham Cobalt Collingwood Cornwall Crediton Dresden Athabasca Landing Bassano Bawlf Calgary (4 offices) Carmangay Champion Claresholm Coleman Crossfield Edmonton Admiral Bengough Biggar Blaine Lake Briercrest Broderick Canora Central Butte Cudworth Delisle Drinkwater 21 III Brandon Carman Dauphin Elgin Chilliwack Courtenay Cranbrook Creston Cumberland ll II Cºl.11 Fernie Alberton . NEW BRUN SWICK Campbellton Fredericton Moncton St. John In Newfoundland St. John's In Mexico Mexico City The Bank of England The Union of London and Smith's Bank, Limited A general banking business transacted. Sterling exchange bought and sold. ...Travellers' letters of credit Savings Bank Department: Interest allowed on deposits. Montreal Branch: H. B. WALKER, Manager . issued, available in all parts of the world. Reserve - - - - , C.V.O., LLPºp&#: President V. F. JONES, Asst. General Manager BRANCHES IN CANADA Rock Island Roxton Falls St. Armand Station St. Chrysostome St. Felix de Valois St. Ferdinand de Halifax St. Gabriel de Brandon St. George, Beauce St. Hyacinthe St. Johns St. Joseph de Beauce St. Philippe de Laprairie St. Remi Port Perry Port Stanley Rainy River St. Catharines (2 offices) St. Thomas Sarnia Sault Ste. Marie (2 offices) Seaforth Simcoe Smith's Falls South Porcupine Stratford Olds Scotstown Sherbrooke (3 offices) St. Sebastien Stanbridge East Stanstead Sutton Sweetsburg Thetford Mines Thetford Mines West Three Rivers Valcourt Waterloo Waterville Weedon West Shefford Windsor Strath roy Sudbury Thedford Tillsonburg Toronto (19 offices) Walkerton Walkerville Waterloo Wiarton Windsor Wingham. Woodstock Strathcona Peace River CrossingStrathmore Pincher Creek Ponoka Provost Red Deer Rockyford Stavely Stony Plain Nokomis North Battleford Nutana Outlook Prince Albert Radisson Radville Regina Saskatoon Shaunavon Shellbrook Swift Current Rivers Swan River Transcona Penticton Phoenix Prince Rupert Princeton Revelstoke Rock Creek PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Souris NOVA SCOTIA Halifax Hants port Middleton New Glasgow In the United States San Francisco aber Vegreville Vermilion Vulcan Warner Wetaskiwin Youngstown Tugaske Vonda Wadena Watrous Watson Weyburn Wilcox Willow Bunch Wiseton Yellowgrass Yorkton Treherne Virden Winnipeg (7 offices) Salmon Arm South Hill Summerland Vancouver (9 offices) Vernon Victoria (3 offices) Summerside Parrsboro Springhill Sydney Truro Windsor Seattle In Great Britain London, 2 Lombard Street, E. C. Bankers in Great Britain Lloyds Bank, Limited Parr's Bank, Limited £m (º), s— — —--——-----, ----- * Coast to Coast Service between T O R O N T O W I N N I P E G VAN COUVER PORT ARTHUR, FORT WILLIAM SAS KATO O N and EDM ON TON Connecting at Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancouver To and From all Points © O O. ELECTRIC LIGHTED SLEEPERS, DINING CARS AND FIRST-CLASS COACHES © (> O. THROUGH FAST FREIGHT AND EXPRESS SERVICE © O. O. For through tickets to all points and berth reservations apply to Local Agent, or write to GENERAL PASSENGER DEPARTMENT Toronto, Ont., and Montreal, Que. COMMERCIAL REVIEW OF THE PORT OF MONTREAL SEASON 1915 Gazette Building, Montreal Showing the Foreign Business in CANA DIAN PRODUCTS COMPILED BY THE COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT OF (UHP (Gagette S. S. “MANCHESTER CITY,” 8,600 TONS Manchester Liners, limited THE ONLY DIRECT AND REGULAR LINE BETweeN CANADA AND MAN C H E STER First-class Service of modern freight steamers under special contract with the Dominion Government. Steamers are fitted with Cold Storage accommodation for perishable products. Summer Service from Montreal and Quebec Winter Service from St. John, N.B., and Halifax, N.S. The object of this line is to develop the Canadian Trade with Manchester, which is the centre of about 7,500,000 people—one of the largest markets in the world. Shippers throughout Canada are meeting with success even beyond their expectations. FURNESS LINE from FOWEY to THREE RIVERS and MONTREAL FURNESS LINE MONTREAL TO HULL THROUGH BILL OF LADING GRANTED TO AND FROM ALL WESTERN POINTS FURNESS, WITHY & CO., Limited, GENERAL AGENTS, MONTREAL * * Lº-º-º: gº º Aº- e º Lº-º- ºr * *º- # * * Lºº- a wº. -- ** AºEº. * *...*-*.* * --> * *= * * * * * s * yºmºr * * * * * * * * * * *r a s w * * * * * *= * * gºvºmºmºr w w wºmer w if & The Trade of Canada }< *tj < *ty tºº -ºx t) {}< *{}< *ty & * * ~ * w *4, vºmºr w & # HE year in Canada commercially has been one of downs and ups. At its beginning the disturbance caused by the outbreak of war in Europe had not subsided. Credit was con- tracted, foreign exchanges dislocated, and in business circles nervousness still existed. That barometer of trade, the stock market, was dull, neither buyers nor sellers appearing in number, and the outlook was overclouded with uncertainty. This condi- tion continued until the autumn, when it was realized, somewhat suddenly, that business in Canada had not really suffered by the war, and a growing feeling of confidence in the stability of trade came in evidence. The stocks of companies having orders for war munitions were eagerly bought at steadily rising prices, the stock market experienced the largest activity in its history, and a wave of optimism followed the dull days experienced on the heels of the war. There were, of course, substantial reasons for this. The largest harvest by far in the history of Canada was about being reaped; many manufacturing concerns were employed in the production of war supplies for Britain and allied countries. Nowhere was evidence of penury, of general unemployment, to be found. Bank deposits were rising, upwards of three hun- dred millions of war orders had been placed with Canadian manufacturers, a sense of patriotic optimism overspread the country, and the year closed with commercial conditions in Canada, broadly speaking, nearly as satisfactory and encourag- ing as at any time in the past. To cite examples: the domestic war loan of $50,000,000 has been subscribed for twice over, railway earnings have made a new high record, bank clearings have reached those of the ante-bellum period. As yet, at any rate, whatever the future may have in store for us, Canada has prospered materially through war conditions, and when peace has been restored there is ground for hope that a rapid expansion of our trade, both foreign and domestic, will set in. The Swift restoration of a favourable foreign trade balance has been an outstanding feature of the year. In the seven 14 THE TRADE OF CANADA months ending October 31st, 1913, the value of exports of Canadian products was $245,550,000, and in the same period of 1914 was $226,757,000; while this year in these seven months we have exported Canadian products of the value of $326,430,000, or $100,000,000 more than last year, and much of the great crop surplus has still to go forward. Comparing the foreign trade of Canada for the seven-months period ending with October, imports have declined from $390,544,000 in 1913 to $253,107,000 in 1915, while exports of domestic products have risen from $245,550,000 to $326,430,000; an adverse balance of $145,000,000 being converted into a favourable balance of $73,323,000, or a betterment in respect of foreign trade of no less than $218,000,000 within the short space of two years. From a debtor, Canada has thus become a creditor nation in respect of foreign trade, and is Tapidly reaching a position that will enable her to meet interest on indebtedness abroad out of the sale of commodities, thus avoiding shipments of gold or the deferring of interest payments. The shipping season of the port was seriously affected by scarcity of ocean tonnage owing to the taking over of many regular lines by the British Government, and extremely high rates of freight have prevailed. In number and tonnage of sea-going vessels entering the port, the decrease was not markedly large, but the majority of the ships were under Admiralty orders engaged in the transport of troops, munitions and supplies of war. Real estate and building conditions have not yet recovered from the slump of two years ago. In real estate values, espe- cially in the western provinces, the recession has been rapid and considerable, while building and allied trades have also suffered, with no prospect of a reaction during the continuance of the war. From January 1st to November 30th, 1914, there were issued in Montreal 3,485 building permits, valued at $17,677,311, while for the first 11 months of this year there were issued 1,976 permits, with a value of $5,441,271. Immigration has been small during the year and prin- cipally from the United States, that from Great Britain and Europe being quite negligible. Until the war ceases, the THE TRADE OF CANADA | 15 stream from Europe must necessarily remain slight, but after that event a great inpouring of people seeking new homes in Canada may be expected, and will create an important problem for governmental solution. The prosperity of the agricultural classes has been alluded to. In the older provinces it is quite without parallel, owing to high prices of all foodstuffs, and in the Northwest the condi- tion of the farmers has been universally ameliorated by bumper grain crops. The output of dairy produce has been larger than for several years past. Exports from Montreal during the season of navigation, May 1st to December 1st, thus compare: Cheese, boxes. Butter, plºgs. 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,851,731 54,495 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482,538 7,300 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,165 1,728 The receipts of eggs at Montreal in the same period increased to 496,484 cases from 350,766 in 1914. There was, therefore, not only a material increment in the production of dairy produce and eggs, but farmers received during the season much higher prices than ever before. Railway construction was less active than for several pre- ceding years, due partly to the halt in business, but more par- ticularly to the closing of the London money market to new borrowings. The projection of new lines was impossible, and although the Canadian Pacific carried on work contemplated or in hand at the outbreak of the war, the Grand Trunk Pacific and the Canadian Northern railways had to be content with the linking up of various sections of their trans-continental lines, thus giving continuous communication from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboards. Much work, however, requires to be done before these systems are fully organized for continuous operation. The general outlook commercially was well indicated by the president of the Bank of Montreal at the annual meeting of shareholders on December 6th, when he said: “After the war, a readjustment of trade conditions is to be expected. The flood of wealth which has attended the export of munitions and 16 THE TRADE OF CANADA war supplies must of necessity be largely curtailed, and a new set of problems will have to be faced. If economy be exercised to meet the increased burden of taxation, of which we must bear our share, and the production of exportable articles increased to the utmost extent, to protect our gold supply and minimize our borrowings, and if we keep strong in working capital, then no matter what difficulties the future may have in store for us, we can look forward to them with a degree of complacency. Our agricultural resources and undeveloped wealth will enable us to bear the strain which may be imposed upon us, and we shall in the end come safely through the period of economic upheaval and world-wide conflict—with a larger debt, it is true, but with our ability to meet it unquestioned and our economic position not seriously impaired.” RAILWAY EARNINGS. Railway earnings are a reliable barometer of trade condi- tions, and since the northwestern grain crop began to be moved these earnings have run up in great degree, as the following statement of returns for November shows:— Co. November. Increase. P.C. C.P.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $13,114,000 $5,291,000 67. 6 G.T.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,190,871 420,465 11.2 C.N.R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,535,200 1,307,200 5S. 7 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,840,071 $7,018,665 50. S Comparisons of the aggregate returns of the three roads by months since April follow — Month. Earnings. Decrease. P.C. April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $12,598,978 $2,818,389 1S. 3 May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,205,202 3,279,008 21.2 June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,595,913 3,165,073 20. 0 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,151,046 3,207,371 19 . 6 August . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,192,781 1,512,041 9. 6 September . . . . . . . . . 16,614,441 646,020 3.7 October . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,656,191 *5,522,974 34.2 8 November . . . . . . . . . . 20,840,071 *7,018,665 50. *Increase. THE TRADE OF CANADA 17 The position of the three transcontinental roads has, there- fore, been immensely improved by the moving of the enormous grain crop of the Northwest and the stimulus given therefrom to general trade. October’s total earnings for the three roads - were $21,650,000, a sum exceeded up to that time by only the corresponding month in 1913, when earnings were $22,090,000. November gave equally gratifying returns, Canadian Pacific showing an increase of $1,796,000 on the last nine days of the month, or 77.8 per cent over the preceding year, the largest gain in the history of the company. As compared with the same month a year ago, the increase was no less than $5,291,000, or 67.6 per cent, against a 45 per cent gain in October, and a decrease of 4% per cent in September. The returns of all three Canadian systems for November make a fine showing, the aggregate falling only $816,121 below the total for October, the best month, with the exception of October, 1913, in the history of Canadian railroading. TEIF FINANCIAL SITUATION. So with the financial situation in respect of public revenue. An increase in taxation through the source of Customs duties was necessitated by war conditions, and this was imposed in the way of a tax of 7% per cent on goods entered at Customs under the general tariff, and of 5 per cent on goods entered under the preferential tariff. This taxation is producing revenue fully up to the estimate of the Finance Minister. The total revenue for the month of November was $17,072,456.76, an increase of $7,576,920.46 over that of November of last year, and the largest for any month in the history of the Dominion. For the eight months of the present fiscal year, ended Novem- ber 30th, the total revenue aggregated $104,750,000, as against $90,400,000 for the last fiscal year, when, owing to the effect of the war, trade was badly demoralized during August, Sep- tember, October and November, of the eight months in ques- tion. The estimate of the Minister of Finance that his budget of February last would realize thirty millions of additional revenue is now certain to be substantially exceeded. 18 THE TRADE OF CANADA Including the $45,000,000 Government loan, Canada bor- rowed in New York during the past twelve months about $147,000,000, an amount that can with interest be compared with about $50,000,000 from that source in the previous year, and with $165,000,000 borrowed in London in the calendar year 1913. - The financial position of the Dominion Government has been fairly free from embarrassment, in spite of the enormous expenditures entailed by the war. Advances of $100,000,000 by the British Government, plus a loan of $45,000,000 placed in New York, plus a domestic loan of $100,000,000, have suf- ficed to provide for the raising, training and equipping of a volunteer force of nearly 200,000 men for over-seas service, and also to meet expenditures on capital account in Canada in connection with public works, railway subsidies, etc. The early months of the year were extremely dull, from both a banking and stock market point of view. The serious disturbance created by the outbreak of the war had not yet been composed and the outlook was full of uncertainty. It was not until September that confidence was fully restored through a realization that Canada had, commercially and financially, gained rather than lost by the upheaval in Europe. What are designated as “War Stocks" had early in the summer begun to climb in price in the United States, in some instances stocks like Bethlehem Steel rising to dizzy heights, and the reflecting influence made itself apparent in Canada in the autumn. Many manufacturing concerns had obtained contracts for war munitions at what have proved to be remunerative prices, and speculation set in, following the example of the New York market, which has carried steel companies and allied stocks to a price far beyond any previous record. The ease of the money market contributed to this upward movement. Banks had a plethora of money for which there was no mercantile demand, so that call loans on stocks were easy to place. At the close of the year the financial situation remains one of ease, the loaning capacity of the banks being large, rates of interest low, specialized stocks buoyant, and a feeling of optimism generally prevailing. THE TRADE OF CANADA 19 The bank statement indicates the strength of Canada’s financial position. Deposits in the chartered banks on October 31st were $1,093,000,000, as compared with $1,008,000,000 at the corresponding period in 1914, and $1,011,000,000 in 1913, when the “boom * subsided. These figures are very significant as indicating that despite the reaction following a long period of trade prosperity, accentuated in August, 1914, by the out- break of the war, the common people of Canada have been able to increase their deposit of surplus earnings in the banks by reason not only of thrift but of general employment. The other item in the bank statement which reveals trade conditions is note circulation, the amount of money employed in the daily business of the country. The note circulation has risen from $118,234,000 on October 31st of 1913 to $122,782,000 at the same date this year, not a relatively large gain, but sufficient to prove that current business has not appreciably declined, higher prices of commodities accounting, in part, for the larger circulation. . The bank statement at the close of October thus compares: Oct., 1913. Oct., 1914. Oct., 1915. Capital paid up. . . . . . . . . . . $ 117,341,476 $ 114,852,645 § 113,986,106 Reserve fund . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,624,776 113,392,374 112,752,333 Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,234,359 123,744,682 122,782,233 Public deposits . . . . . . . . . . 1,011,367,714 1,008,539,512 1,093,379,043 Due to foreign agentS. . . . 22,484,098 25,645,114 16,719,079 Specie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44;386,542 62,228,490 61,724,773 Dominion notes . . . . . . . . . 90,111,738 121,023,100 136,223,275 Due from banks in G. B. . . 12,288,909 15,556,851 27,068,942 Due from foreign agents. . 31,946,639 39,923,841 45,335,594 Canadian Govt. Securities. 10,917,054 11,488,848 14,214,331 Railway and other sec'r’ts 72,732,318 69,908,296 74,406,850 Call loans in Canada. . . . . . 71,118,255 70,201,939 74,574,270 Municipal securities . . . . . 22,787,641 22,566,448 38,985,386 Call loans outside Canada. 93,346,810. 81,201,671 120,681,624 Current loans in Canada. . 862,313,367 816,623,852 780,785,754 Total liabilities . . . . . . Total assets . . . . . . . . $1,328,497,371 1,575,550,980 $1,328,854,020 1,577,919,069 $1,413,362,832 1,657,256,962 A scrutiny of these figures will show how well the banks of Canada have stood the shock of war. A well-maintained daily business the country over is indicated by the note circula- tion, the thrift of the people by increased deposits, the strength 20 THE TRAINE OF CANADA and stability of the banks by increased liquid assets, and all this despite lesser loans to the mercantile community. It would appear, therefore, that never before has the banking con- dition in Canada been so strong as at the present time. The practical advantage of the branch bank system such as exists in Canada has been illustrated many times. In the northwest provinces a town grows up between every ten miles of railway, and at once one or more bank agencies are opened, giving banking facilities to the community, however Small, and hence the large number of branch banks. The latest available statistics, which bring the figures to November 1st, reveal the striking fact that the number of Canadian branch banks has been rolled up to a new high record at 3,272. In the ten months of 1915 the opening of 144 new branches and the closing of 96 has given a net gain of 46 new branches. A net gain of 46 new branches in ten months compares with a net gain of 119 for 1914; 212 for 1913 and 242 for 1912. Cana- dian bankers have faced many new problems in 1915. Staff shortage consequent upon the very heavy enlistment of Cana- dian bank clerks for active service has forced the closing of many small branches that the more important offices might be manned for requirements. Contraction of business in many centres, too, necessitated closing of other branches. But it is highly satisfactory to find that in spite of the war and wars’ far-reaching effect the system has undergone a further, though slower, expansion in the year. These branch banks are distributed as follows:— Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,163 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 IPrince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." 202 Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Yukon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,272 TEIE TRADE OF CANADA 21 * IBANIK CILEARINGS. - The comparative figures of Canadian Clearings are for the eleven months ending November 30th — - Inc. O7. - Dec. . 1915. 1914. % Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,328,960,879 $2,433,363,124 — 4.3 Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,683,835,209 1,858,722,905 — 9.4 Winnipeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269,114,539 1,255,516,376 + 1.1 Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . 255,872,203 396,762,145 —35. 5 Ottawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1910,805,975 189,750,959 -- 0.6 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * 143,388,071 152,394,103 — 5.9 Halifax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,085,744 91,917,071 + 2.4 Calgary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,588,288 186,679,960 —21. 5 Hamilton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,898,855 137,344,916 — 1.0 St. John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,983,211 71,708,723 — 1.0 Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,884,501 114,058,859 —38.7 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,243,863 78,482,874 + 3.5 Edmonton . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,250,303 146,397,691 —36. 3 Regina. . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * 74,108,201 90,284,517 —17. 9 Brandon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,866,982 23,849,005 — 8.3 Lethbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,742,730 19,562,825 —14.4 Saskatoon . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,432,640 55,010,679 —26. 5 MOOse Jaw . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,070,551 41,935,014 —14.0 Brantford . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,890,784 26,406,659 — 9.5 Fort William . . . . . . . . . 20,896,089 36,617,860 —42.9 New Westminster . . . . . 12,274,963 17,875,097 —31. 3 Medicine Hat . . . . . . . . . 11,307,275 18,537,380. —39. 0 Peterborough . . . . . . . . . 18,334,619 9,631,782 © º e º e º - Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,821,501,886 $7,443,171,742 — 8.4 These returns show a slight shrinkage in the eleven months, but it must be remembered that it was not until Sep- tember that the upturn in business set in. Since then the gain in clearings at Montreal, Toronto and Winnipeg has been exceptionally large, due in the case of the two former cities to active stock speculation in a rising market, and in the case of Winnipeg to the movement to market of the enormous wheat crop. - In November, the clearings at Montreal were $282,437,000, and a year ago they were $201,353,029, an increase of slightly over $81,000,000. Two years ago they were $244,344,774. The returns for the year to November 30th are:— 22 THE TRADE OF CANADA January February March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & © e º 'º - © e º º ºs e tº e º 'º & © e s e a s e e s e e e o e º e * - d - e º e s e º 'º e º 'º e e º e - - - - - e º s tº e o 'º e - August September . . . . . . . . . . . . . October November • * ~ * * * * * g e º 'º e º - 1915. $188,434,337 163,499,912 198,451,527 199,617,220 203,618,435 196,646,272 211,147,000 224,452,000 206,673,288 253,982,655 282,437,024 1914. $224,224,521 210,183,423 212,186,053 226,507,036 234,782,296 234,737,813 268,847,000 190,434,000 203,588,000 226,578,262 201,353,029 $46,683,516 13,734,625 26,899,816 31,163,861 38,091,451 57,700,000 Inc. 34,018,000 3,085,000 27,404,393 81,083,995 Toronto clearings for November show a gain of over $44,000,000, the returns being $194,628,768, compared with $150,132,944 a year ago and $186,790,061 two years ago. November clearings in eastern cities and the grain centres of the Northwest illustrate the influence of the large harvest, the active stock speculation, and the general improvement in business conditions:— 1914. $20,1,353,029 150,132,944 148,927,216 1915. Montreal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $282,437,024 Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,628,769 Winnipeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,962,656 Vancouver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,324,641 Calgary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,308,991 Hamilton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,422,731 Edmonton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,110,802 Regina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,645,462 Lethbridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,823,286 Saskatoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,500,000 MOO'Se Jaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,490,154 Medicine Hat . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,906,437 28,519,737 14,822,508 10,999,870. 10,333,744 8,790,004 1,614,260 * 4,811,143 4,026,808 1,301,697 ImC. or Dec. % + 40. +29. +65. — 7. +50. +40. — 2 +55. —H74. +14. – 61. +46. : The position of Montreal in respect of Bank Clearings, relative to that of the principal cities in the United States, is shown in the following table, the figures being for the eleven months ending November 30th — (000's omitted) 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. New York . . . . . . . $91,935,245 $86,634,283 $76,488,904 $98,233,252 Chicago . . . . . . . . . 14,020,381 14,636,588 14,379,873 14,621,378 Boston . . . . . . . . . . 8,253,861 7,438,654 6,937,706 7,422,117 Philadelphia. . . . . . 7,422,663 7,753,603 7,254,236 7,828,015 St. Louis . . . . . . . . 3,660,000 3,759,778 3,545,036 3,726,109 Pittsburg . . . . . . . . 2,558,178 2,696,524 2,424,305 2,397,531 San Francisco 2,447,000 2,400,914 2,295,353 2,431,747 Ransas City . . . . . 2,463,407 2,605,744 2,692,352 3,453,215 Montreal . . . . . . . . 2,598,576 2,627,627 2,433,363 2,328,960 THE TRADE OF CANADA 23 Montreal, therefore, was exceeded in point of Bank Clear- ings by eight cities in the United States this year, dropping slightly behind San Francisco and Pittsburg. The December returns, however, are likely to restore Montreal to seventh place in the list. THE CROP OUTPUT. The harvest has been phenomenally large in the western provinces and of a full average in Eastern Canada. Prelimi- nary estimates of the wheat crop in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta bid fair to be exceeded, and it is quite probable that the final returns will show a product of wheat of not less than 350,000,000 bushels, a quantity far beyond any previous record, due in part to a larger area Sown, but principally to a high average yield, the production running in Some exceptional instances up to 70 bushels per acre. At the close of October, the wheat crop of Canada in 1915 was placed at 336,258,000 bushels from 12,986,400 acres, representing an average yield per acre of 25.89 bushels. This total is 174,978,000 bushels more than last year’s inferior yield of 161,280,000 bushels, the crop this year being therefore more than double, or 108 per cent more than that of last year. It is 104,541,000 bushels, or 45 per cent, in excess of the previous highest yield of 231,717,000 bushels in 1913, and 140,232,000 bushels, or 72 per cent, in excess of the annual average yield of 196,026,000 bushels for the five years 1910 to 1914. Of oats, the revised total yield is 481,035,500 bushels from 11,365,000 acres, an average per acre of 42.33 bushels. Barley comes out at 50,868,000 bushels from 1,509,350 acres, an average per acre of 33.70 bushels. Rye is now 2,478,500 bushels from 112,300 acres, or 22.07 bushels per acre, and flaxseed 12,604,700 bushels from 1,009,600 acres, or 12.48 bushels per acre. In the three northwest provinces the estimated yield of wheat is 304,200,000 bushels and of oats 305,680,000 bushels, but threshing returns indicate this estimate will be substan- tially exceeded. The remaining grain crops of Canada, whose yields are now reported on for the first time this year, are as follows: 24 THE TRADE OF CANADA peas, 3,240,400 bushels from 196,210 acres, an average of 16. 52 bushels per acre; beans, 594,000 bushels, 43,310 acres, 13.71 bushels per acre; buckwheat, 8,101,000 bushels, 343,800 acres, 23.56 bushels per acre; mixed grains, 17,128,500 bushels, 466,800 acres, 36.69 bushels per acre; corn for husking, 14,594,000 bushels, 253,300 acres, 57.62 bushels per acre. Not only has a large crop been reaped in quantity, but a crop of high quality, giving producers larger monetary returns for their labour. The comparative figures of grain production in the three western provinces are as follows:— 1914 1915 1914 - 1915. Manitoba– A Cres. Acres. Bush. Bush. Fall Wheat . . . . . . . . . 15,000 10,900 240,000 349,000 Spring Wheat . . . . . . 2,601,000 3,332,000 38,365,000 83,933,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,331,000 1,441,000 31,951,000 65,263,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468,000 490,000 9,828,000 16,543,000 Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000 5,800 100,000 129,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 34,000 338,000 361,000 Mixed grains . . . . . . 1,490 1,550 30,000 51,000 Saskatchewan— Fall wheat . . . . . . . . 4,300 4,100 67,000 91,000 Spring Wheat . . . . . . 5,344,000 6,834,000 73,427,000. 171,055,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,520,000 2,937,000 61,816,000. 142,121,000 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290,000 287,000 4,901,000 9,945,000 Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,600 2,700 54,000 72,000 Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958,000 900,000 6,131,000 11,124,000 Mixed grains . . . . . . . 1,900 1,950. 29,500 43,000 Alberta— º - Fall wheat . . . . . . . . . 221,100. 215,700. 4,709,000 7,200,000 Spring wheat . . . . . . 1,150,000 1,348,000 24,150,000 41,572,000 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502,000 1,912,000 57,076,000. 98,296,000 Barley ... . . . . . . . . . . 178,000 185,000 4,806,000 6,542,000 Bye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,400 16,800. 360,800 500,000 Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 430, 8,100 8,400 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 70,000 614,000 1,052,000 Mixed grains ë e g º te e 1,800 1,700 72,000 74,500 The crop of the western provinces has been extraordinarily large, due to favourable weather conditions, but there is no reason to believe that similar results may not be realized next year under like conditions. The significant point is that the fertility of the soil has been again proved, and that the induce- ments to emigrants from Great Britain and other countries to locate in Canada’s great west have been justified by results. Of the great wheat crop of this year it is estimated that not 'X TEIE TRADE OF CANADA 2 5 less than 230,000,000 will be available for export, or nearly double the quantity available for this purpose in 1913, the previous banner year. In Eastern Canada the important cereal-producing pro- vince is Ontario, where the harvest returns were also large, as the following figures will show — Fall wheat: 811,158 acres yielded 24,737,011 bushels, or 30.5 per acre, as compared with 14,333,548 and 20.9 in 1914. The annual average per acre for 34 years was 21.3. Spring wheat: 162,142 acres yielded 3,439,949 bushels, or 21.2 per acre, as compared with 2,169,425 and 18.3 in 1914. Average, 16.1. Barley : 552,318 acres yielded 19,893,129 bushels, or 36.0 per acre, as compared with 18,096,754, and 31.2 in 1914. Average, 28. 1. Oats: 2,871,755 acres yielded 120,217,952 bushels, or 41.9 per acre, as compared with 103,564,322 and 37.3 in 1914. Average, 35.9. Rye : 173,736 acres yielded 3,210,512 bushels, or 18.5 per acre, as compared with 2,315,532 and 16. 7 in 1914. Average, 16. 5. - Buckwheat: 193,497 acres yielded 4,278,366 bushels, or 22.1 per acre, as compared with 4,251,421 and 24.0 in 1914. Average, 20.7. - Peas: 126,943 acres yielded 2,043,049 bushels, or 16.1 per acre, as compared with 2,609,585 and 14.7 in 1914. Average, 19.1. - ROOT AND FODDER CROPS. Root and fodder crops in Canada, consisting of potatoes, turnips, mangolds, etc., hay and clover, alfalfa, fodder corn and sugar beets, occupied this year a total area of about 8,977,000 acres, as compared with 9,067,000 acres in 1914, and their estimated value is $230,379,000, as compared with $226,227,000 last year. The decrease in area is principally in respect to hay and clover, and the increase in total value is due to the larger yield of the same crop. Hay and clover yield 10,953,000 tons from 7,875,000 acres, or 1.39 ton per acre, as compared with 26 THE TRADE OF CANADA 10,259,000 tons from 7,997,000 acres, or 1.28 ton per acre last year. The yield of alfalfa is 261,955 tons from 92,665 acres, or 2.83 tons per acre; of fodder corn, 3,429,800 tons from 343,400 tons, or 10 tons per acre, and of turnips and other roots, 64,281,000 bushels from 172,700 acres, or 372 bushels per 8,OI’é. * * THE POTATO CROP. The conditions governing the production of potatoes have this year been as bad as last year they were good. The total estimated yield is 62,604,000 bushels from 478,600 acres, an average yield per acre of only 131 bushels. Last year the corresponding figures were 85,672,000 bushels, 475,900 acres, and 180 bushels. Not since the average of 119 bushels in 1910 has the rate per acre been so low; it is 27 bushels below the average of 158 bushels for the five years 1910-14. In Ontario, where the record yield of over 167 bushels per acre was obtained last year, the average yield per acre this year is not more than 92.6 bushels, the lowest yield on record for the province. In other provinces the potato yield is also poor, excepting in Alberta and in British Columbia. FOREIGN TRADE. The foreign trade of Canada has undergone a remarkable transformation during the last two years, and especially during the year 1915. A large adverse balance of trade has been con- verted into a favourable balance by reason of reduced imports and greatly increased exports. War conditions have contributed in an important degree to bring about this change, but what- ever the causes at work may have been the resulting effect upon domestic finance and business has been favourable in a high degree. The following statement of our foreign trade for the past three years is illuminating:— Twelve Months ending October. Imports for Consumption. 1913. 1914. 1915. Dutiable goods . . . . . . . . . . $ 448,967,191 $ 327,479,486 $ 247,228,953 Free goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,346,035 187,106,478 174,448,264 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . 5,813,365 92,855,571 56,531,364 "Total imports . . . . . . . . $ 680,126,591 $ 607,441,535 $ 478,208,581 THE TRADE OF CANADA 27 Exports. Canadian Produce— The mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 58,123,916 $ 56,477,255 $ 56,993,485 The fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,204,369 19,217,145 21,723,042 The forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,749,039 42,621,760 47,808,698 Animal produce . . . . . . . . . 46,803,704 63,984,270 89,741,675 Agricultural produce . . . . 186,892,558 164,772,083 158,453,160 Manufactures . . . . . . . . . . . 51,201,279 65,454,730 130,848,327 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . 116,916 268,863 3,523,858 Total Canadian produce $ 405,091,781 $ 412,796,106 $ 509,092,245 Foreign produce . . . . . . . . 24,836,170 46,468,035 41,455,829 Total exports (mdse.) . . $ 429,927,951 $ 459,264,141 $ 550,548,074 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . 17,228,157 19,862,690 118,782,516 Total exports . . . . . . . . . $ 447,156,108 $ 479,126,831 $ 669,330,590 Aggregate Trade. .* Merchandise . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,104,241,177 $ 973,850,105 $ 172,225,291 Coin and bullion . . . . . . . . 23,041,522 112,718,261 175,313,880 Total trade . . . . . . . . . . . $1,127,282,699 $1,086,568,366 $1,147,539,171 In an analysis of these figures, imports and exports of coin and bullion may be disregarded, because while the figures of these are very large for the present year the conditions which produced a great importation of gold coin are quite exceptional. In connection with international exchange, it was found con- venient for Great Britain to lodge $100,000,000 of coin with the Dominion Government, and this amount figures in both imports and exports of Canada, although it has no bearing on domestic trade or conditions. It will give a more instructive knowledge of the trend of Canada’s foreign trade if the comparison is made between the years ending October 31st, 1913 and 1915. In this period imports of merchandise have declined from $674,313,000 to $421,677,000, or by approximately $253,000,000, while exports have risen in value from $405,000,000 to $509,000,000, or by upwards of one hundred million dollars in respect of Canadian products only. A betterment of $357,000,000 has thus been brought about in the foreign trade balance within the short Space of two years. The economic reason for this sudden 28 TEIE TRADE OF CANADA change in trend of foreign trade may be far to seek, but, gen- erally, it has been due to collapse of credit in the London money market, antedating the outbreak of war, and after this event no further borrowing to be expressed in goods could be made. It is interesting to note the ups and downs of our foreign trade in late years, following a period in which exports more than counterbalanced imports. Since 1908 the figures are as follows:— Exports. Imports. 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $263,369,000 $351,880,000 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,900,000 288,135,000 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301,360,000 375,833,000 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298,764,000 451,691,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,716,000 521,348,000 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393,232,000 675,428,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478,997,000 633,564,000 Seven nonths, 1915–16. 550,548,000 421,677,000 This favourable condition of Canada’s foreign trade during the year 1915 has been due not only to enforced reduction in imports, but in a greater measure to increased exports from abundant harvests. • * The details of imports and exports are, at time of going to press, available only up to September 30th, but covering a full year’s trade under war conditions, indicating the effect of the war on the foreign trade of Canada. Imports of merchan- dise in the period under review have declined from $682,977,000 in 1913 to $531,853,000 in 1914, and $417,275,000 in 1915, a recession of nearly 40 per cent in two years. Exports, on the other hand, have risen in value from $408,574,000 in 1913, to $468,210,000 in 1914, and $517,982,000 in 1915, showing a gain of about 25 per cent. The countries from which we imported most largely were:— . Imports from. 1913. 1914. 1915. Lnited States . . . . . . . . . $446,280,000 $380,213,000 $393,349,000 Great Britain . . . . . . . . . 145,009,000 109,469,000 73,896,000 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,898,000 12,512,000 5,650,000 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,233,000 11,606,000 273,000 British East Indies. . . . . 7,455,000 5,955,000 6,964,000 British West Indies. . . . . 4,122,000 5,759,000 5,725,000 New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 3,232,000 3,699,000 3,728,000 Argentine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,714,000 3,195,000 3,793,000 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,884,000 2,378,000 3,155,000 Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,588,000 3,605,000 175,000 THE TRADE OF CANADA 29 It will be observed that in the two years ended September 30th, 1913 and 1915, the import trade from Great Britain was cut in half, while that from the United States declined only some 10 per cent. The interruption of regular steamship communication with the United Kingdom accounts for much of the falling off in imports from that country, the United States benefitting correspondingly. Imports from Germany fell from $15,000,000 to practically nil, being prohibited from import since the outbreak of the war, while the occupation and devastation of Belgium by the Germans has practically sus- pended imports from that country. On the other hand, trade with the West Indies, New Zealand and Japan has been well maintained. - The principal articles of import from Great Britain and the United States in the twelve months ended September 30th, 1915, were:— From Great Britain. From U.S. Iron and steel and mícts. . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,438,000 $53,382,000 Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471,000 10,068,000 Wood and miſcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,000 8,229,000 Wool and mfcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,847,000 6,116,000 Coal and coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,000 31,581,000 Cottons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,885,000 14,741,000 Fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485,000 10,984,000 Breadstuffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,000 11,354,000 Drugs, dyes, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,269,000 9,246,000 Hides and skins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777,000 5,880,000 Leather and mufcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794,000 5,375,000 t’rovisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,000 3,838,000 Brass and mfcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,000 2,898,000 Copper and miſcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,000 3,150,000 Tin and mºfots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899,000 3,265,000 Vehicles, cars, etc. . . . . . . . . . … 169,000 7,667,000 The only articles of manufacture in which imports into Canada from Great Britain exceed those from the United States are woollens, spirits and wines, ribbons, oilcloth, gloves and earthen and china ware. Turning to the export side of the account, the countries to which Canada exports most largely are:— 30 THE TRADE OF CANADA Exports by Countries. 1913. 1914. 1915. Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4,502,582 $ 5,461,179 $ 5,184,698 British Africa. . . . . . . . . . . 3,823, 164 4,711,493 5,039,443 British West Indies . . . . 4,480,291 4,983,028 4,368,345 Newfoundland. . . . . . . . . . 4,759,731 4,973,630 3,920,010 New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . 1,985,063 1,900,534 2,903,147 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . 193,724,969 215,063,237 259,043,447 Other British . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,708 1,607,868 2,535,158 Argentine Republic . . . . 2,258,037 993,857 1,337,305 Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,693,554 4,208,365 997,204 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,694,849 7,887,424 26,777,779 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,722,412 4,275,478 8,261 Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,304,872 6,160,938 2,555,295 Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467,457 1,311,592 997,219 United States . . . . . . . . . 177,528,983 212,393,621 282,996,830 The effect of the war on the export trade is in evidence in these figures also, exports to Germany having ceased, to Belgium being cut down more than one-fifth, to France being increased many millions by shipments of army supplies, to the United States inflated by the movement of coin and bullion in connection with foreign exchanges, and to Great Britain enlarged by exports of munitions and food-stuffs for the army. The principal articles of exportation in the year ended September 30th, 1915, were:– TO Great Britain. Cattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,549,000 Horses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,401,000 240,000 Sheep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,000 Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * 70,039,000 3,485,000 Flour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,410,000 278,000 Coal and Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,000 3,806,000 Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,623,000 8,166,000 Fruits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,387,000 247,000 Furs and Skins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,110,000 2,068,000 Hides and skins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 7,062,000 Leather and mfcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,047,000 2,876,000 Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669,000 14,327,000 . Butter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,000 129,000 Cheese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,371,000 21,000 Bacon and hams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,917,000 672,000 Wood and mfcts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,414,000 39,200,000 Aluminum in bars, blocks, etc. . . . . . . . 1,627,219 1,423,600 Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632,210 1,573,247 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,098,472 8,739,307 Gold-bearing quartz, dust, etc. . . . . . . . 100 15,811,196 Iron and steel and mfcts. Of . . . . . . . . . . . 12,406,718 3,857,361 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,991,628 4,354,333 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,717,810 5,107,197 TO U.S. THE TRADE OF CANADA 31 MINERAL OUTPUT OF ONTARIO. The output of the metalliferous mines and works of Ontario for the six months ending June 30th, 1915, as reported to the Ontario Bureau of Mines, is shown by the following table, which gives also the production for the corresponding period of last year:- Six months, Six months, 1915. 1914. Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,570,072 $2,011,069 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,188,763 7,053,418 Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,229,894 1,197,059 Nickel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,393,528 2,872,843 Iron ore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288,296 118,119 Pig iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,856,040 4,429,664 Cobalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,443 22,581 Cobalt oxide (including nickel oxide) . . . . . . . 56,812 379,152 Of the total yield of gold $3,267,620 came from the mines of Porcupine. The remainder, $302,452, was the combined product of the Canadian Exploration Company at Long Lake, the Tough Oakes mines at Kirkland Lake and the Cordova mine in Hastings county. The principal Porcupine outputs were: Hollinger and Acme, $1,764,690; Dome, $589,234; Porcupine Crown, $382,001; Mcintyre, $346,997. The production of the Porcu- pine group is increasing, and the existing scale of operations, if maintained for the full year, will give an increase of about 50 per cent over the yield for 1914. - - - - - New Customs Examining Warehouse, Montreal LINKING PRAIRIE WITH 00EAN WINNIPEG COCHRANE QUEBEC MONTREAL ST. JOHN HALIFAX CHARLOTTETOWN THE SYDNEYS CANADAN GOVERNMENT RYS. OPERATE OVER 4,000 MILES OF RAILWAY Transcontinental Railway Intercolonial Railway Prince Edward Island Railway St. John and Quebec Railway (> <> O. THROUGH EXPRESS TRAINS MONTREAL and HALIFAX : “Ocean Limited "- daily “Maritime Express’’- daily except Saturday Connection for all points in the Maritime Provinces TORONTO and WINNIPEG : “The National ''- tri-weekly service Leaving Toronto Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, at 10.45 p.m. FAST FREIGHTS DAILY MONTREAL and HALIFAX The Maritime Provinces MONTREAL–TORONTO—WINNIPEG and the NORTHWEST O © (> F. P. GUTELIUS C. A. HAYES H. H. MELANSON General Manager Gen. Traffic Mgr. Gen. Pass. Agent HEAD OFFICES: MONCTON, N.B. A_i=-& W ºmºh iſ º.º. 4 a-amº-fº Lºma A a Lima ----- _-- * * * * ...A- - ** A.E- i i | The Improvements to the | Port of Montreal i * * Lºº. 4'a aº-- * * A- ºr * * * & ºmºr w w vºmºr w w vºmºrº wºrk yºgº * & * * * * * (Prepared by Frederick W. Cowie, Chief Engineer for the Montreal Harbour Commissioners, December 13th, 1915) SEASON OF NAVIGATION, 1915 The Montreal “Gazette” for to-day (December 13th, 1915) heads the Shipping Column as follows:– “Navigation from the lakes to Montreal will close this “ morning with the arrival of the ‘W. M. Egan.” The ‘Nati- “ronco arrived at the city end of the Lachine Canal last “ night at 8.20, and proceeded to unload her coal for the Cana- “ dian Import Company. Afterwards she will proceed to Sorel “ to Winter.” This equals the record of 1907, when, after most of the buoys in the river had been removed, the S.S. “ Dunelm ’’ arrived in the Port of Montreal on December 13th, coming up the river. The ice in the Harbour moved out in the spring with very little showing, and with no flood, on April 10th, 1915. In many places, the water did not go over the low level wharves. This result is of interest from the fact that the light depth of the snow allowed the ice to melt more quickly and the extreme low water allowed the river ice to be anchored until it had softened sufficiently in the April Sunshine, so that no heavy ice jams resulted. The first vessel in the Harbour was the ferry steamer “Longueuil,” on April 11th. The first arrival from sea was the S.S. “Thesbis,” on April 30th. The last ocean vessel to depart for sea was the S.S. “Port Dalhousie,” on December 11th. - At the date of writing the Harbour is still open. 34 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL WAR CONDITIONS. During the season of 1914, war conditions commenced in August and during the balance of the season shipping was very greatly disorganized. The new conditions, however, were promptly met, and the Harbour Commissioners’ efforts in organizing for the new business were successful. The year 1915 has been a complete war season. Passenger ships have, in a great measure, given way to transports. The regular liners have given way to chartered substitutes. Tramps were unobtainable in sufficient numbers. Imports through the Harbour were greatly reduced. Owing to lack of tramp ton- nage towards the close of the season, the phenomenal grain crop of Canada could not be shipped in proper measure by the St. Lawrence route. On the other hand, the season’s results are not discourag- ing. The railway terminal operating results have been the best on record. The industries along the harbour front have greatly increased their use of the Harbour Terminals for shipping to Loading Bagged Wheat by Railway Car from Elevator No. 2 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 35 the different railways and to and from the ships in the Harbour. The mechanical activities in Canada have resulted in large shipments through the Port of Montreal, and the shipments of food products and supplies have been very heavy. Protective measures were taken for the care of the valu- able property in the Harbour, and through the anxious times business was carried on as usual. The Harbour Commissioners encouraged enlistment of the staff by giving half pay to every officer and workman who enlisted for overseas service. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT. The Engineering Department of the Harbour Commis- Sioners of Montreal is organized so as to have charge of the varied and important branches as follows:–Harbour construc- tion, Maintenance, and Operation. The construction work is almost universally carried on departmentally. The steady growth of the Harbour and the constant yearly effort to keep pace with the commerce has resulted in the Commissioners having a splendid plant for the peculiar construction required. Dredging plant, tugs, derricks and a shop for repairs are all kept up-to-date, and the organization for construction is capable of dredging and placing in the works some two or three million cubic yards of excavated material, of building half a mile of Cribwork and concrete quay walls of a height from the foundations to the cope of 60 feet, of building fifty thousand cubic yards of concrete, constructing railways, walls, sheds, culverts, and, in fact, almost every phase of port construction. Construction Programme for 1915: The following are the chief items of construction — The improvement and extension of harbour railway tracks. The continuation of the construction of new Victoria Pier and Market Basin. The continuation of the construction of bulkhead high level wharves on the river front, eastwards from Victoria Pier. 36 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL General dredging for widening and deepening of basins and berths. Dredging of channels for the amelioration of St. Mary’s Cur- rent. Paving and laying railway tracks on wharves. The continuation to completion of improvements resulting in the Floating Dock Basin and site for the Canadian Vickers’ ship building and repair yard. The construction and improvement of harbour facilities, such as hoists, flood gates, bridges, subways and freight yards. Additions and improvements to Harbour Commissioners’ con- struction plant. The rebuilding, in concrete, of the quay wall opposite shed No. 13. The construction of a second industrial wharf at Pointe aux Trembles. The construction of the Longueuil-St. Lambert highway. - - - - - - - a . . . ºlº";";" - º : *. ºl. | --- -º - - º -- º ºf sº º - º Elevator No. 1–West Extension. Progress, October 28, 1915 | THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 37 The commencement of the construction of the West Extension to Grain Elevator No. 1. The diversion of the Elgin Basin sewer outlet and the moving of the wharf office building. The acquisition of operating and railway plant. The maintenance of berths and channels, of wharves, sheds, buildings, roadways, water service, cleaning of wharves and general repairs were carried on as usual. The operating of harbour facilities, such as plant for the storage and handling of grain, electric lighting and power services. Handling of railway traffic and switching on the Harbour, floating crane, operating electric hoists and the construc- tion and maintenance of industrial connections with the Harbour, were all carried on during the season with an even greater measure of success than usual. INSPECTIONS AND IN WESTIGATIONS. Inspection of Baltimore (Md.) Harbour, New York Har- bour and Boston Harbour. Pacific Coast ports, Convention of the American Associa- tion of Port Authorities in Los Angeles, and the Second Con- vention of Pacific Coast Port Authorities in San Francisco. The Port of Boston. New York Harbour and Railway Terminals. AMONG THE WISITORS TO PORT OF MONTREAL. Mr. Akira Yamauchi, Councillor of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Japan; March 19th, 1915. Mr. Maurice Williams, of the State Engineer and Sur- veyor’s Office, Albany, N.Y.; June 29th, 1915. Mayors of Canada. Mr. D. A. Thomas, representative of the British Govern- ment, on a trip to America in connection with manufacture and shipment of war munitions; August 28th, 1915. 38 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Mr. Stanley W. Porter, M.I.M.E., London, England, Octo- ber 12th ; and Mr. Thos. B. Hughes, of Melbourne, Australia, October 13th, 1915, for inspection of Harbour Commissioners’ grain handling facilities. Dr. Alessandro Morro, Venice, Italy, for inspection of grain handling facilities; October 26th, 1915. M. Claude Rigaud, of the Gouvernement Général de l’Indo-Chine francaise; October 29th, 1915. Mr. Jerome Newman, Chief Engineer, San Francisco Har- bour Commission; November 1st, 1915. Mr. J. Sandeman Allen, of London and Liverpool, Eng. ; November 22nd, 1915. Boston Terminal Commission. Chicago Commission. MONTREAL WATER LEVEL COMMISSION. By Order-in-Council dated 12th June, 1915, a Board of Commissioners, composed of Mr. Eugene Haskell, Dean of the College of Civil Engineering, Cornell University; Mr. W. J. Stewart, Hydrographer, Department of the Naval Service, and Mr. Frederick Wm. Cowie, Chief Engineer, Harbour Commis- sioners of Montreal, was appointed to make a thorough exam- ination and report upon the following matters relating to the Harbour of Montreal, with suggestions for any necessary reme- dies that it deems advisable, viz.:- Effect of past dredging in the Ship Channel. Effect of past dredging in St. Mary’s Current. Effect of all dredging in the St. Lawrence River on the water levels of the Harbour. Probable effect of the dredging now being conducted south of St. Helen’s Island. - Probable effect of other proposed dredging in Montreal Harbour. Probable effect of any extension of the Guard Pier. Probable effect of any increased diversion of water from the valley of the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes. Probable effect of storage dams in the Ottawa River. THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT of MonTREAL 39 If deemed advisable, the Board may make suggestions to ameliorate trouble from ice. The Commissioners met on June 28th, and the Harbour Commissioners gave the necessary accommodation for the Water Level Board in the Harbour Building, and after a com- plete discussion and a thorough inspection of the Harbour from all points of vantage, the Commissioners reported that in view of the importance of the physical features of the Harbour of Montreal with reference to navigation and future developments, a thorough and independent investigation should be made so that a final authoritative pronouncement could be given. With the approval of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, a Staff was organized to make investigations, complete plans and records, and to report not later than 30th March, 1917. Mr. A. J. Matheson was appointed engineer of the Commis- Sioners, and investigations are now in progress. The Commis- Sioners have met every two weeks, and it is expected that the appointment of this Commission will give valuable results. W EIARBOUR RAILWAY TERMINALS. The operation of the railway terminals has proved to be One of the most important and successful features of the deve- lopment of the Harbour of Montreal. On the north bank of the River St. Lawrence, adjoining the cities of Montreal and Maisonneuve in their most con- gested industrial districts, from Victoria Bridge to Longue Pointe, the harbour railway terminals extend. The total distance, measured along the river bank, is seven miles, but the total mileage of tracks is 45.5 miles. The advantages of the railway connections of all trunk lines in Canada with all parts of the Harbour have long been appreciated. The full realization of this splendid connection between the transcontinental railways and transoceanic ships is, however, only now becoming fully recognized. The new development, commenced in 1914, of the industrial business between the manufacturing establishments situated along the water front and the Canadian railways, and also to and from 40 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Sheds Nos. 24 and 25 and Harbour Railway Terminals. May 8, 1915 the harbour steamship berths, has shown remarkable advance in the season just closed. The Harbour Commissioners have given instructions that every advantage is to be taken of the splendid location of the railways along the water front, with the idea of connecting the industrial sidings with the harbour railway tracks. Coal, raw materials, supplies and manufactured goods are shunted into the industries, while manufactured goods and completed articles are shipped out to all points of the country or to the steamships in the Harbour. The rates charged by the Harbour Commissioners for this service are so moderate, and the existing facilities and manner of operation give such good despatch, that there is an imme- diate urgent demand by the new industries rapidly springing up along the water front for the prolongation of the harbour terminals to new sites and to the industrial wharves specially being constructed. Probably no feature of harbour development will give such THE IMPROVIEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 41 good results to the industrial growth of the city and at the same time to the success of the Harbour. The construction department of , the Harbour Commis- sioners, during the season 1915, extended the river front embankment from the Racine Pier, Section 64, for a double track line, to the Vulcan Wharf, Section 71, and partially to Section 75, Longue Pointe. The material forming this embankment is all spoil or waste material from harbour and channel dredging. The outside is protected by rip-rap, and concrete culverts are placed at frequent intervals to take care of the natural Surface drainage and existing water courses. A single track railway now extends the whole distance to the Vulcan Wharf, and the necessary sidings and switches are being put in to handle the business. . At Moreau Street a switching and city delivery yard was constructed, partially on Harbour property and partially on property acquired between the Harbour boundary and Notre Dame Street. Three additional tracks were laid, making a total length of three-quarters of a mile, and this industrial and dis- tributing centre of the city, which petitioned for facilities, now has an excellent teaming terminal. The operation of the Harbour Commissioners’ railway system is handled under the Commissioners, directly by Mr. J. Vaughan, Superintendent of Railway Terminals, and in spite of the large amount of construction work and improvements to the railways, the operations were conducted successfully through- out the whole season. The extent of the Harbour Commissioners’ railway tracks at the end of 1915 is as follows:– Total, southeast of the Lachine Canal, operated by the Grand Trunk Railway, 7.14 miles; total, Harbour and indus- trial tracks, operated by the Commissioners, 37.76 miles; other Harbour tracks, 0.61; grand total, 45.51 miles. Total mileage of new track constructed in 1915, 5.5 miles; total mileage of old tracks remodelled or removed, 1 mile. At section 12, opposite the Harbour Office, the throat of the Harbour Terminals, from the Grand Trunk Railway con- 42 TEIE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL nection, was enlarged and remodelled to meet the urgent require- ments. It was necessary to remove and reconstruct a length of 213 feet of the flood wall, to take up the pavement and concrete and reconstruct the ladder track to meet the standards required for the operation of the heavy traffic and of the new business of passenger steamship special trains. VICTORIA PIER AND MARKET BASIN. In the scheme of Harbour Extensions commenced in 1910, every consideration was given not only to the enlargement of steamship accommodation, but also to give additional and convenient accommodation to the important fleet of river and ferry steamers. It was recognized that the river steamers, which do a tre- mendous passenger and market traffic, should have a location in the Harbour, convenient to the centre of the city and to the Bonsecours Market. - The progress made towards the completion of the new Vic- toria Pier and Market Basin during the season was excellent. At the end of the last construction season, the outer quay wall was completed so as to give one excellent steamship berth. The inner low level quay wall of the Market Basin was also com- pleted down a sufficient distance to give several river steamer berths. During 1915 the dredging was completed for the crib seats, and the last four Cribs were sunk and the concrete quay walls connected up all around the lower end of the pier. Construction work in this congested location at the entrance to both the central Harbour and the Market Basin was, as usual, continued with difficulty, but, by making better progress than expected, the contour of the finished pier was all com- pleted before the severe weather closed down the work. The outline of the lower end of the pier was slightly changed, after a study of the navigation conditions. The handling of vessels at the entrance to the Harbour was attended with much less difficulty than usual, owing to the advance in the dredging and the amelioration of the strength and direction of the currents. . - THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 43 HIGH LEVEL SHORE WHARVES, SECTIONS 25 TO 30. The old wharves, built many years ago, from Papineau Avenue eastwards and designed for Small craft of the period, have been gradually giving way. The new Harbour designs called for the bulkhead quay walls being extended further out into the Harbour so as to give a minimum Harbour bulkhead width of 250 feet, and wider where possible. A trip along the Harbour front will show a transformed section of the Harbour at this point. Where formerly nothing but Small sailing barges and wood boats were berthed, new permanent quay walls with splendid railway connecting facilities now exist. The Harbour at this point will probably always be too narrow for the construction of piers, but by providing a commodious marginal way, the extension of the Harbour in this district is meeting with remarkable success, especially for rail and steamship traffic. DRY DOCK SITE. The Dry Dock Site in the eastern division of the Montreal Harbour, which made the floating dock and shipyard, owned and operated by Messrs. Canadian Vickers, Limited, possible, required a considerable amount of construction work during the season of 1915, to bring the work to completion. Thirty acres of filled land have been formed for the shipyard and about six acres in addition for the right-of-way for Harbour tracks and roadways. The rip-rapping vn the outer slopes was also practically completed by placing rock on the edges of the slopes for a total length of about 3,000 feet. INDUSTRIAL WEIARF AT POINTE AUX TREMBLES. The industrial wharf, constructed by the Harbour Com- missioners to the order of the Canada Cement Company, between Longue Pointe and Pointe aux Trembles, was completed in July, 1915. The quay walls were finished last year, but there remained a large amount of filling and grading, and the completion of 44 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL the slopes, and the work was finally completed and handed over to the company on August 1st, 1915. INDUSTRIAL WHARE AT POINTE AUX TREMBLES, FOR THE QUEEN CITY OIL COMPANY. At midsummer, the Queen City Oil Company applied for an industrial wharf opposite the new storage and refining plant which they were commencing. Plans were immediately made, and, on being approved, construction work commenced. This new wharf is situated about 2,250 feet below the wharf just completed for the Canada Cement Company and is of the same character, although smaller. It provides a standard quay wall of cribwork and concrete for the berthing of a vessel of a draught up to 28 feet. Although the order was only given on September 14th, 1915, by the Harbour Commissioners, the work was proceeded with so expeditiously that at the close of the season the whole quay structure was completed and 75 per cent of the reclama- tion or filling finished. Three cribs were sunk, giving the necessary ice slopes to the quay and vertical return at the lower end. The quay front has a length of 250 feet. RECONSTRUCTION OF JACQUES CARTIER PIER. The quay walls of the three main piers in Montreal Harbour, completed in 1902, were built of cribwork from the foundations. The life of timber cribwork, above water level, is usually considered to be about 12 to 15 years. Below low water, the timber work in Montreal Harbour is practically permanent. It was originally intended that when the exposed part of the wooden structures decayed, the work would be rebuilt, from low water line up, in concrete. About 7,000 lineal feet of this wooden quay wall exists, and, although the timber work has lasted better than expected, it is showing considerable signs of decay. The reconstruction process carried on in the summer when the shipping season is at its height, is hampered very greatly by vessels at their berths, and can only be spasmodically carried on between the departure and arrival of vessels. It has been reported as unwise to leave THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 45 the commencement of the construction of these walls too late, as the rebuilding of 7,000 feet will cover considerable time. Experience with mass concrete loads on wooden quay walls has shown that timber Cribwork requires some strengthening, and in 1914 sheet piling was commenced on the lower side of Jacques Cartier Pier and carried on with difficulty. Owing to the urgency of advancing this work, it was again commenced in 1915, and, with the exceedingly valuable co-operation of the Manchester Line officials, the whole berth at shed No. 13 was stripped down, excavated and rebuilt on permanent lines during the season. The new wall is excellent. The excavation in front of the permanent steel freight sheds was done in short sections, so as to cause no injury to the foundations, and increasing the width of the vertical concrete wall gave a much better railway siding. LAURIER PIER RECONSTRUCTION. The upper face of the first of the three piers opposite Maisonneuve received the full force of a low-water ice shove in the spring of 1915. The Laurier Pier was built many years ago of wooden construction, and although it has on many occasions suffered damage, the whole front face of the quay wall, from the top down to nearly low water, was shoved out or damaged in the spring of this year. Public tenders were called for this work, but the prices being very much above the estimate, an appropriation was granted for this work and it was completed in October at a cost well within the estimate. . DREDGING AND FILLING IN GENERAL. The Harbour Commissioners' plant, consisting of four Spoon dredges, and one elevator dredge, together with a spoon dredge formerly owned by the Commissioners, were engaged On the usual work of dredging, consisting of maintenance of harbour berths, dredging to ameliorate the St. Mary’s current, dredging for filling and the usual dredging required for con- struction work and the crib seats for wharves. - 46 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Dredging in Main North Channel. The dredge “Premier * was engaged throughout the season in removing boulders and deepening the shoal between Ile Verte and Guard Pier, for the purpose of strengthening and ameliorating the St. Mary’s current. The main ship channel in the central part of the Harbour was widened to a width of 700 feet and cleaned up to a depth of 30 feet. Dredging in South Channel. The dredging of the south channel was continued through- out the year, the object being to open up a channel from Moffatt's Island to opposite Longueuil Wharf, having a uniform slope and capable of taking care of a large portion of the river flow. The dredged channel, commenced at Longueuil, has been advanced until now the dredges can be seen, when working, at the upper end of St. Helen’s Island. Where at low water stages the flow was formerly almost stopped, there is now a large Volume of water passing through this channel, and the effect on the St. Mary’s current, opposite the New Victoria Pier, is very much improved, without affecting in the least the level in the upper part of the Harbour. The material obtained was also used in the Harbour works. Two dredges worked practically throughout the season, dredging over an area of about 9% acres. Elgin Basin Sewer Dredging. 'The Elgin Basin sewer continued throughout the season to discharge sewage into the Elgin Basin opposite elevator No. 1. Owing to the recent dumping of ice and snow into the city sewers, for removal, the deposit of sand from the sprinkled sidewalks, and street sludge was found to be very greatly increasing. Dredges can only commence when the weather has become cold and after navigation is practically closed. Two dredges were placed on this work in November, and before being compelled to stop by the severe weather 15,800 yards had been removed. TEIE IMPROVIEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 47 General. The usual work of dredging crib seats, deepening berths and improving the Harbour was carried out by the Harbour Commissioners’ dredges throughout the season, and excavated a quantity of 1,102,000 cubic yards. The main ship channel in the Harbour, from Longue Pointe to the entrance to the central Harbour, is being deepened and widened by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, their work during the season in the main ship channel amounting to 495,000 cubic yards. - Total dredging in the harbour and vicinity in 1915:— 1,597,000 cubic yards. The sweeping of the channels and berths was carried out at intervals during the season, and, as usual, whenever any obstructions were found, dredging was carried on as soon as navigation conditions permitted. WATER LEWELS. The following table gives the average monthly depth of water in the ship channel in the Harbour during the season of 1915, as compared with the records of 1914, and also the monthly averages of the depth of water on the old No. 1 Lachine Canal lock sill:— - Depth on Old Lock Sill T)epth in Harbour Lachine Canal. Channel. Average Average Average Average Month. 1902–14. 1915. 1914. 1915. May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20/ 4// 16/ 4// 33/ 3// 31/ 9// June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19/ 1// 14/ 10// 31/ 9// 30/ 3// July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16/ 10// 14/ 2// 30/ 10// 29/ 7// August . . . . . . . . . . . 15/ 9// 14/ 1// 29/ 10// 29/ 6// September . . . . . . . . 15/ 1// 14/ 1// 29/ 5// 29/ 6// October . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 2// 14/ 1// 28/ 10// 29/ 6// November . . . . . . . . 15, 1// 13/ 6// 28/ 9// 28/ 11// NEW CONCRETE ROAD, ST. LAMBERT-LONGUEUIL. The construction of the new concrete road through the Government Farm, Montreal South, was begun on June 7th and completed November 13th. 48 TEIE IMPROVIEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL This concrete roadway is 3,644 feet long and was con- structed to a width of 24 feet. Deep rubble and tile drains were laid along the entire length on both sides of the road and all ditches and field drains were carried under the roadway by concrete culverts. - The stone was obtained from the river shore. The labour was obtained locally, and every effort was made to complete a first-class job. Excavation required, 4,534 cubic yards. The following is an extract from a letter from the Town Clerk of the Corporation of the Town of Montreal South, to the Secretary of the Montreal Harbour Commissioners:– “I have been instructed by the Council of the Town of “ Montreal South to convey through you to the Chairman and “ members of the Harbour Commissioners, their thanks and “ congratulations on the completion of one of the best pieces “ of road making in the country. Your care to make a first- “class job of this road has gone beyond any anticipation of the “Mayor and Councillors of this Town.” HARBOUR COMMISSIONERS’ GRAIN ELEVATOR SYSTEM. Prior to 1910, the export grain handling equipment in Montreal Harbour consisted of a 1,000,000-bushel elevator owned and operated by the Harbour Commissioners; a 1,000,000-bushel elevator owned and operated by the Montreal Warehousing Company; two obsolete wooden elevators owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway and since torn down; and a small fleet of floating transfer elevators of varying age and efficiency. Early in 1910 the Harbour Commissioners of Montreal determined to erect a new grain elevator of the highest class and most modern type, to have a capacity of 1,772,000 bushels, and the construction of same was started. In 1911 it was found this extra storage room would still be insufficient to meet the needs of the port, and an extension was authorized and construction started. The entire plant, known as elevator No. 2, with a total capacity of 2,622,000 bushels, was put in operation in 1912. The grain business of the port so increased as a direct result of the additional handling equipment that the Commis- THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL 49 Harbour Commissioners' Elevator No. 1, 1911. Capacity 1,000,000 bushels sioners decided, after due consideration, to provide still more storage space, and to this end, in the spring of 1913, the con- struction of a 1,500,000-bushel addition to No. 1 Elevator (the original unit of the Harbour Commissioners' Grain Elevator System) was started, same being complete and in operation on the opening of navigation, 1914. The volume of grain business done in 1914, which proved to be the greatest in the history of the port, made it very evident that there was still not enough elevator capacity to 50 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL Harbour Elevator No. 1, 1914. Capacity 2,500,000 bushels obviate congestion and delay to steamers, whereupon the Com- missioners decided on the erection of still another addition to Elevator No. 1, this being known as the West Extension. Plans and specifications for same were prepared in 1914, and con- struction was started early in 1915, and it is expected to have it in operation on the opening of navigation, 1916, when the total capacity of the port will be as follows:– No. 1 Elevator. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000,000 bushels No. 2 Elevator. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622,000 bushels Grand Trunk Elevator. . . . . . . 2,150,000 bushels Elevator No. 1 —West Extension. Commencement of Concrete Piling May 27, 1915 - Elevator No. 1–West Extension. Concrete Piling and Foundation Slab August 16, 1915 52 THE IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PORT OF MONTREAL The operation of the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator System during the season of 1915, as made up from reports of Mr. Jere Nehin, General Superintendent, may be given as follows:— - Elevator No. 1. - - Total storage capacity in bushels, 2,500,000. First vessel unloaded, April 23rd, 1915. Last vessel unloaded, November 27th, 1915. Total receipts, 17,614,950 bushels. The above amount of grain was elevated from 62 barges and 274 steamers, a total of 336 vessels. Delivery was made as follows:— By conveyors . . . . . . . . . 16,654,135 bushels By cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998,315 bushels By teams . . . . . . . e s e s e 19,989 bushels Elevator No. 2. - Total storage capacity in bushels, 2,600,000. First vessel unloaded, April 28th, 1915. Last vessel unloaded, December 4th, 1915. Total receipts, 18,855,709 bushels. By water, 9,986,912 bushels, taken from 44 barges and 163 steamers, or 207 vessels. By cars, 8,868,797 bushels, unloaded from 5,639 cars. Delivery was made as follows:— By conveyors . . . . . . . . . 13,858,420 bushels By cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660,507 bushels. By teams . . . . . . . . . . . . 714,526 bushels By bags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,387,629 bushels Floating Grain Elevators. Total amount of grain transferred, 846,708 bushels. Four floating elevators were operated during the season. Grand total grain handled in 1915, 37,317,367 bushels. The features of note regarding the grain trade of Mont- real during 1915, were the following:— 1. The shipment of 100,000 bushels of grain to New Zealand. º Bagging Grain. Elevator No. 2. Teaming to Sheds 2. The bagging at elevator No. 1 of 2,387,629 bushels of grain. 3. The receipt of the first cars of grain, all rail, from the Province of Alberta, over the new Canadian Northern Transcontinental line, on November 18th, 1915. 4. The receipt of the first cars of grain, all rail, from the West, over the Grand Trunk Pacific, the National Trans- continental Railway and the Grand Trunk System, to Montreal on November 25th, 1915. At the close of the season, the elevators contained 2,084,850 bushels of grain, subject to storage or delivery as required. The following table gives the record of the Harbour Commissioners’ Elevator System from 1906 to 1915:- Total quantity of grain handled or transferred Year. Bushels. 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944,321 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,078,289 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,661,350 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,691,071 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,526,727 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,007,164 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,561,655 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,000,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,250,000 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,317,367 THE BANK OF TORONTO IN CORPORATED 1855 HEAD OFFICE: TORONTO, Can. DUNCAN COULSON, President THOS. F. HOW, Gen. Manager Capital Authorized - - $10,000,000 Capital Paid-Up - ſº º 5,000,000 Reserve Funds - gº C 6,000,000 Assets tº ſº gº tº 61,000,000 STERLING EXCHANGE This Bank has exceptional facilities for the handling of document- ary grain and produce exchange drawn on Great Britain and the Continent. LETTERS OF CREDIT issued available in all parts of the world. COLLECTIONS made on all points in Canada and the United States on the most favourable terms and remitted for promptly. SAVINGS BANK DEPARTMENT.-Deposits received and interest paid at highest rates. MONTREAL MAIN OFFICE COR. ST. JAMES AND McGILL STREETS H. B. HENWOOD, Manager CITY AND SUBURBAN BRANCHES Board of Trade Building, G. J. Cuthbertson, Manager. Guy and St. Catherine Sts., E. H. Fuller, Manager. Maisonneuve, W. B. McCririck, Manager. St. Lawrence Blvd., C. L. Parkinson, Manager. Atwater Ave. and St. Antoine St., A. H. Walsh, Manager. St. Lambert, J. J. Jamieson, Manager. Point St. Charles. The New Zealand Shipping Co., Limited EASTERN CANADIAN LINE Monthly sailings from Montreal during Summer Season, and from West St. John, N.B., during winter. First-Class steamers calling at Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Dunedin (Port Chalmers), New Zealand. Head Offices: London, England. Christchurch, N.Z. Montreal Office - 213 Board of Trade Bldg. The Shipping Business - - - - - - - - º º * *=. * -ºmr ºf * F * * H II, E the British Admiralty comman- deered important sections of the fleets with which the } large steamship companies % have been used to supply the £º º port of Montreal, these com- *# panies have managed by - £3:23 23: #### [...] strenuous efforts to fulfill the ; : * = 3: 33. º #:::::::::::: major part of the demands É=:: * *. = :*: E T- made upon them by Cana- dian shippers. To do this their vessels were used to the last inch of capacity when the depth of the river chan- The Custom House, Montreal nel allowed it, and outside Vessels were chartered at ex- ceedingly high rates. The shortage of tonnage for the total business of the world, and the needs of the war, besides, oper- ated to send freights rushing upwards, rates here having gone from 2s 6d to as high as 13s a quarter. Contracts to carry freight at stated rates by the regular lines, however, made the average rate paid as low as 6s 9d. * * * º T In spite of high freights and shortage of tonnage, due to the war, the number of vessels coming to Montreal was not more than 12 per cent less than last year. Although a large number of vessels whose names are familiar to Canadians has not been seen here, the matter has been partly remedied by the fact that many fine steamers have been brought here which never visited this port before the war changed everything. The passenger business of the Companies has not been nearly as large as in other years, but every steamer which was able to carry passengers had not the slightest difficulty in filling her- self to capacity. As most of the Canadian soldiers passed 56 THE SEIIIPPING BUSINESS through Montreal, their numbers considerably augmented the figures given for the ordinary passenger traffic. The 46,000,000 bushels of grain exported from the two harbour elevators, the floating elevators and the Grand Trunk elevator is very much below last year’s figures, but it compares favourably with any other year in the history of the harbour. The same is true of the 812 ocean vessels with a total tonnage in round figures of 2,500,000 tons, which came to the port this year. Except 1914, which was an exceptional year in every way, this is ahead of any previous year in the history of the port, and for most of the season, Captain Bourassa, Harbour Master, has been very busy. His assistant took his place on the outbreak of the war in 1914 with the fighting forces of the Empire. The amount of grain received in this port has been greatly affected by the fact that somewhere in the neighbourhood of fifty Canadian vessels, aggregating more than 50,000 tons, and eighteen American steam vessels, of more than 25,000 net tons, passed from the lakes into the ocean in the early part of the season. These boats found more lucrative business at sea than they would have obtained in the early part of the season in the lake trade, which developed later greater proportions in the Upper Lakes than was expected at first. The tardiness of buyers on the other side in purchasing the new crop while wait- ing to see whether success in the Dardanelles would permit Russian wheat to get to the world markets also caused a slower movement than usual from here. But the port made up for decreased exports of grain in increased export of munitions, horses, hay and food stuffs for the armies of the Allies. On account of the high freight rates, it was a very remunerative season for shipowners, although the necessity of paying high charters for vessels to fulfill con- tracts made it necessary for companies here to secure quick dispatch of cargoes on both sides to clear a good profit. Delays were found expensive in some ports on the other side, but in Montreal little trouble was experienced so far as the port was concerned. . As in 1914, information as to the movement of vessels was kept strictly secret. The public was informed as to TELE SHIPPING BUSINESS 57 arrivals, but so far as the newspapers have shown it, no vessel ever departed from the harbour. Guards at every entrance to the harbour, and around the elevators, as well as soldiers at strategic points along the canals, kept the citizens having busi- ness along the water-front alive to the fact that Canada is at war. Only persons provided with passes could get access to any part of the water-front devoted to Ocean shipping. The tramp steamers coming to the port this year were fewer than last year, but more than in other years. This is a very satisfactory situation, in view of the fact that in 1914 there seemed to be too many steamships for the world’s work and in 1915 far too few. Of the 812 ocean and coasting vessels which came to and left this port, probably one-third of them would be coasting vessels engaged in the coal, lumber or general freighting trade. The most noteworthy event of the year in shipping circles was the organization under the laws of Great Britain of the Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Limited, with an authorized capital of £2,000,000 sterling to take over the company’s steamships on the Atlantic and Pacific, as well as those of the Allan Line, which had been under the control of the Canadian Pacific for some time. The value of the steamship property involved in this transaction was placed by the Canadian Pacific annual report at $23,500,000. The Allan Line still retains its identity, and the same officials who have contributed to its success in the past are still in the general offices at work as usual. Sir Thomas Shaughnessy made a statement to the effect that the Allan Line will stand in the same relation to Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Limited, as the White Star Line does to the International Mercantile Marine. The fine, new Canadian Pacific steamer, “ Metagama,’ made its first trip to this port early in the spring. The annual report in August also says:— 2 “Six of the Company’s older class steamships, namely, the ‘Montrose,’ ‘ Mount Royal,’ ‘Montezuma,’ ‘Montcalm,” ‘Tyrolia’ and ‘ Ruthenia,’ were taken by the Imperial Gov- ernment in November last, at a price that has not yet been fixed by the Admiralty, and the steamship Empress of India,” 58 TELE SHIPPING BUSINESS after twenty-five years’ service on the Pacific Ocean, was sold for £85,000 and converted into a hospital ship. Two large, modern steamships that were under construction at Belfast were purchased by the Company at a cost of about £700,000, for delivery in July and October of this year. Pressure of other work, however, delayed their completion, and it will be probably some months before they are ready for service.” The following figures show the Customs receipts for the Seven months of the season as compared with those of the past two seasons:— 1915. 1914. 1913. May . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,855,000 $ 2,012,153 $ 2,396,076 June . . . . . . . . . . . 1,925,575 1,820,254 2,334,887 July . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,657,479 1,787,261 2,529,211 August . . . . . . . . . 1,809,775 1,941,356 2,269,699 September . . . . . . 1,900,774 1,510,630 2,133,701 October . . . . . . . . . 1,671,153 1,229,438 2,147,810 November . . . . . . 2,187,490 1,317,616 1,909,079 Total. . . . . . . . $13,007,248 $11,618,710 $15,720,436 The last day on which night navigation took place on the river was November 28th. On November 29th the Department of Marine and Fisheries steamers began taking up the gas buoys along the river, replacing them with steel can, conical, spar or other buoys. The work was finished in three or four days, and the lights were removed finally on December 15th between Montreal and Three Rivers. Work has proceeded at various points along the ship channel where it had been started last year, and a statement of the amount accomplished will not be available until well on into the winter. So far as the Lachine Canal and other Quebec canals were concerned, there was little new work done. Repairs and maintenance were the only items chargeable to them. Between Cote St. Paul and Lachine, work has continued on the concrete wall during the season, but that stopped with the beginning of December. The last lake steamer to arrive in Montreal was the “Wylie M. Egan,” on December 13th, with coal. On the pre- vious day the “Natironco' arrived. Both vessels had to break THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 59 their way through the ice. The “Port Dalhousie ’’ left Mont- real for the ocean on December 11th. Last year a Manchester liner left on December 4th, this year’s record, therefore, being a week later. The first steamer into port this year on the opening of navigation was the “Thespis,” on April 30th, under Captain Jones. It was its first trip up the river, and Captain Jones received the customary present of a gold-headed cane from the Harbour Commissioners to commemorate the event. The second was the Thomson liner “Jacona,” since torpedoed. In 1914 the “Corsican * arrived here a day earlier. The first lake vessel to arrive was the “W. H. Dwyer,” on April 23rd, with grain. - - Two million dollars have been expended by the Harbour Commission on improving the port this year. The $800,000 addition to elevator No. 1 will add 1,500,000 bushels to its capacity. As a four-million bushel elevator it will then stand up among its fellows as the Woolworth building does among the humbler sky-scrapers of New York. The concrete work on Victoria pier was completed during the year. The high level wharf has been extended another 500 feet down to section 27. The dredging of the South Shore channel has been continued, and a new wharf 500 feet long has been constructed for the Queen City Oil Company at Pointe aux Trembles. The wharf for the Canada Cement Company at Pointe aux Trembles has been completed, and the Commission’s Railway tracks have been extended in Longue Pointe from the Racine pier down to the Vulcan pier. The Dry Dock site work has been com- pleted. With the completion next year of the addition to elevator No. 1, the total storage capacity of the port will be 11,500,000 bushels, including the Grand Trunk elevator with its capacity of 2,100,000 bushels. The Harbour Commission elevators delivered, under present disadvantageous conditions, about 40,000,000 bushels to ocean vessels, a record which has only been exceeded in 1913 and 1914, and by very little in 1913. The Grand Trunk elevator has delivered 5,626,000 bushels this year, less than one-third of its deliveries last year. (30 TELE SELIDPING BUSINESS The Canadian Vickers Company have finished their con- struction period. They are now doing work which shows what an increasingly important part in the port’s activities they will take. A large number of the vessels which have had accidents for one reason or another have been repaired here, and the presence of the Vickers Dry Dock is favourably regarded by shippers and marine underwriters. A million-dollar ice-breaker and a $835,000 bucket dredge are being constructed by the company and a large variety of smaller craft have also been turned out by them during the year. Altogether more that sixty men have been engaged in guarding and keeping order along the water front. These include the Harbour Commission’s police, consisting of Chief Coleman, Sergeant Graton, Acting-Sergeant Stevens, and 37 constables, and the Dominion Police, under Sergeant Hendrick, making up 12 to 15 men for the Grand Trunk elevator. Then soldiers have guarded the locks in the canal. The city has eight men at the Harbour Commission’s elevators. The neces- sity of protection through the winter is fully realized, and an adequate force is being kept at all strategic points. Though there were no startling accidents in the St. Law- rence River this year a number of vessels came to grief through the operation of the German submarines. Among vessels, plying between this and British ports, to sink because of the war, were: “Anglo-Columbian,” “Morwenna,” “Iona,” “Gadsby,” “ Cairntorr,” “Hesperian,” “Royal Edward” (although the latter was in the Admiralty service for a year or more before the accident), and “Jacona.” The disappear- ance of the “Kron Prins Olav * and the “Easington ’’ after leaving Sydney in a very strong gale was one of the Sensations of the year. The “ Donnacona ’’ was abandoned at sea, and the “Dunhelm * has not been reported for some time. Other acci- dents to ocean vessels were not disastrous. A commission to investigate water conditions in Montreal harbour was appointed this season. It consists of Dean Haskell, chairman; Mr. W. J. Stewart, chief hydrographer, of the Marine Department, and Mr. F. W. Cowie, chief engineer of TEIE SHIPPING IBUSINESS 61 the Montreal Harbour Works. The work will not be com- pleted for about eighteen months. The average number of men employed daily on the wharves along the water-front during the past season of navigation was 851. This exceeds both 1913 and 1914. Most were employed during June and September, the months of July, October and August following next in order. As in other years there was less to do in May and November. In the 181 days of the working season 154,050 days’ work were put in. Of this 36,905 days’ work went to members of the Ship Workmen’s Mutual Benefit Society, and the rest to all others. The following comparative statement indicates the state of employment in the various months of the season — Working : days. 1915. - 1914. May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 17,040 20,274 June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 27,408 18,707 July . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 21,824 20,984 August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 21,272 14,067 September . . . . . . . . . . . 26 27,338 15,145 October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 21,312 20,580 November . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 17,856 17,740 181 154,050 127,427 The number of days’ work given in 1913 amounted to 135,218, so that the present year from the point of view of employment is in the van of all the years that have passed over the harbour. Only one year, if any, has surpassed it. The St. Lawrence season of navigation just closed has been one which will ever live in the memory of those asso- ciated with the Canadian Pacific Ocean Services, Limited, as one totally different from any of its predecessors. The Liverpool service was maintained by the magnificent new steamships “ Metagama " and “ Missanabie,” which made during the season 14 voyages out of Liverpool, carrying to this side 3,092 passengers in the cabin and 6,278 in the steerage. The return or eastbound trips, while for the most part employed in other than regular passenger business, carried during the season a total of 2,671 in the cabin and 21,236 in the steerage. 62 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS - New Cabin Steamship Missanabie—C. P. R. Trans-Atlantic Service Two new freight steamships, the “Medora’ and “Mat- tawa” (formerly known as the “Frankmount” and “Franktor”), have been added to the Canadian Pacific fleet, and these steam- ships, together with the “Montreal,” “Monmouth,” “Mont- fort,” “ Milwaukee’’ and “Mount Temple,” have crossed and recrossed the Atlantic with valuable cargoes regularly this season. In addition the Canadian Pacific have had several freight ships under charter, among which may be mentioned the “ Knight of the Thistle,” “Avristan,” “Indore ” and the “Ikbal.” There has been no continental traffic this year owing to the hostilities in Europe. The Robert Reford Company, Limited, have to report that the various services for which they are agents, are considerably disorganized owing to so many vessels of each line being re- quisitioned by His Majesty’s Government. Cunard Line–This Company’s passenger service was en- tirely discontinued, but a splendid freight service was main- tained with chartered steamers, giving both importers and exporters a regular service between Montreal and London, THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 63 England, it having been the endeavour of the Cunard Company to make the conditions created by the war as little felt as possible by the consumer. Thomson Line–Though a number of their steamers were also requisitioned by the Government, they gave a regular ser- vice between Montreal, France and Leith, Scotland. Donaldson Line—This Company had two passenger steam- ers for cabin passengers only in the service, throughout the summer, carrying passengers between Montreal and Glasgow. In addition to these vessels they had a number of freight steamers, some of which were chartered, so as to take care of the trade between these two ports. During the year just closed the Allan Line has had a smaller number of sailings than for many years. The ships requisitioned by the Imperial Government were replaced so far as was possible by chartered tonnage to endeavour to cope with the demand for export space, and a larger volume of traffic was carried than during the season of 1914. Import traffic, however, showed a falling off, which was to be expected under existing conditions. 64 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS The Allan Line passenger season opened with the arrival of the “Pretorian on May 5th, and closed with the sailing of the “Carthaginian * on November 20th. During this period there were 39 sailings, consisting of 14 sailings in the Liver- pool service, 13 in the Glasgow service and 12 to Havre and London. There were 68 in the year 1914, and a large decrease in the passenger carryings could be expected in view of the fewer sailings. This was true as far as westbound sailings were concerned. The eastbound carryings of the various services were as follows: - Liverpool sailings–1st, 703; 2nd, 1,290; 3rd, 17,878: total, 19,811. Glasgow sailings–1st, 175; 2nd, 1,357; 3rd, 6,413 ; total, 7,945. - Havre and London sailings–Cabin, 1,632; 3rd, 6,546; total, 9,178. Grand total, 36,934. While there was a marked falling off in the number of saloon passengers carried, there was an increase in the cabin and especially in the third-class passengers. A large percentage of the passengers were women and children, relatives of the Allan Line R.M.S. “Alsatian," Quadruple Screws, Turbine Engines, 18,000 Tons THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 65 soldiers and reservists who had gone to the front. The mag- nificent steamers, “Alsatian * and “Calgarian,” with the “Victorian,” “Virginian * and other large steamers, have con- tinued throughout the season in the service of the British Admiralty. The services of the White Star-Dominion Line from Mont- real and Quebec to Liverpool and Avonmouth were seriously affected by the requisition of many of their steamers. It resulted in the almost complete suspension of passenger traffic and considerable irregularity in the sailings of freighters. - -- * | -º-º-º: -: - ºr -----, ---- - - - ----- - - - - ---------------- - - --------- White Star-Dominion Line T.S.S. “Laurentic" The popular mail steamer, the “Megantic,” visited the port twice this season and the “Northland,” formerly the Belgian Flag mail steamer “Zeeland,” also made a like num- ber of calls; these vessels bringing between them 17 first-class passengers, 99 cabin and second-class passengers and 180 third- class passengers, but it should be remarked that the “Megan- tic * came out in ballast on one voyage and owing to the activity of enemy submarines at the time these vessels made their voyages, passenger traffic was at its lowest ebb. On the eastbound voyages these steamers were under requisition for the Dominion Government and did their “bit * in the trans- 66 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS portation of the gallant lads who have done so much to prove Canada’s loyalty to the Empire. The White Star-Dominion Line had 24 sailings in all during the season, representing a gross tonnage of more than 200,000 tons. f These steamers carried eastbound one and three-quarter million bushels of grain, fifty-one thousand tons of general cargo, nearly five thousand standards of deals and about fifteen thousand head of live stock. The Westbound cargoes were very light, some of the vessels coming out in ballast, and the aggregate of all imports was only twelve thousand six hundred tons, but as this condition was general to the trade it must be attributed to conditions brought about by the war. Great difficulty was experienced in loading many of the steamers owing to the limitation on their draft resulting from the abnormally low water levels in the harbour this season, and the added difficulties in discharge at Liverpool and Avon- mouth, due to the congested condition of these ports, and the efficiency of the fleet was necessarily impaired by the increased length of the voyage and a reduced number of turns arising from these causes. All things considered, however, the results of the season’s operations can be viewed with a good deal of Satisfaction, and shippers and the public generally, to whom the steady flow of commerce between Canada and Great Britain means so much, must feel deep gratitude for an efficient navy which alone has made it possible to maintain uninterrupted communication with the Old Country. The Canada Steamship Lines, Limited, have just com- pleted an unusual year in many ways. "At the opening of the season the offerings for package freight were somewhat better than the closing months of last year. As the season advanced business continued to improve and closed with practically a normal domestic trade, but owing to lack of ocean tonnage import traffic was very light. The movement of coal was lighter than the previous year THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 67 during the early months, but the offerings materially improved and the season closed with a very healthy movement. The movement of grain was heavy after the harvesting of the present crop. Vessel rates were somewhat advanced, the result being that this particular trade will show considerably increased returns over last year. In the early part of the season, when indications pointed to a shortage of lake business for the company’s steamers, a number of them were chartered for trade in the Lower St. Cunard Line T.S.S. “Alaunia" Lawrence and for trans-Atlantic service. This proved so satis- factory that the portion of the fleet for trans-Atlantic service has been considerably augmented for operation during the winter months. The company should get good net returns from this business, owing to the fact that these steamers in other years were laid up during the winter season, and they will now be in operation all the year round. - With regard to the passenger business, the season opened with prospects for very good business, it being prophesied that owing to the European field being closed to tourists, they would take advantage of the scenic attractions of Canada. This, 68 THE SEIIPPING BUSINESS however, did not prove to be the case, as the combination of backward weather, timidity regarding war conditions in Can- ada and the Panama-Pacific Exposition, deterred the Amer- ican tourists from coming to Canada in anything like the numbers that ordinarily would have come under normal Con- ditions. The company has, therefore, come through the season, all things considered, in a manner very satisfactory and looks forward with every confidence to a decided improvement next year, the indications being that at least the American tourist travel will be much greater, as the fear of molestation owing to the war has been to a large extent dissipated. Also, there will be no counter attractions in the way of expositions, and as most of the conventions are being held in the East there is every reason to believe that conditions will be much more Satisfactory in the passenger trade. As to the freight prospects, it is felt that the immense crop of the Northwest will be still under movement as late as September, 1916, thus assuring the company’s steamers lib- eral offerings at satisfactory rates. Messrs. Elder, Dempster & Co., Ltd., report that, notwith- standing the fact that several of their steamers usually em- ployed in the Canada-South Africa service were commandeered by the British Admiralty for transport service, they were able fully to maintain this service by eight sailings during the season. Some of these had to be filled by chartered vessels in order to keep the service provided with tonnage sufficient to meet the demands of the ever-increasing trade between these two countries. Although the regularity of the sailings was slightly interfered with during part of the season owing to the great difficulty of securing vessels for this trade, each steamer was despatched loaded to capacity with the usual miscellaneous assortment of general cargo. All of them reached their des- tination and the cargo was landed in the various South African ports without incident. The first sailing was the chartered steamer “Celtic King,” which left Montreal on June 21st, and the season finished with the sailing of the “ Kaduna,’ on November 22nd. THE SEIIR.PING BUSINESS G9 In addition to their South African service, Messrs. Elder, Dempster & Co., Limited, handled a number of vessels which were consigned to them, although the number and tonnage of these showed a considerable falling off, as compared with previous years. Many of these carried outwards a large num- ber of horses shipped by the British Remount Commission. There were as well several vessels that carried troops, horses, military stores and equipment for the Canadian Government. During the early part of the season the company de- spatched the Lamport & Holt steamer “Voltaire,” with a full cargo of frozen beef, etc., about 3,500 tons, to Marseilles, France, this being perhaps the largest quantity of frozen beef that ever left the port of Montreal in one bottom, the entire steamer's capacity being insulated for the carriage of frozen products. - On the whole, Messrs. Elder, Dempster & Co., Limited, report a satisfactory season’s business, with high rates of freight. McLean, Kennedy & Co., general Canadian agents for the Head Line steamers, maintained the usual service from the St. Lawrence to the Irish ports, but like other steamship companies, more than half of the Head Line tonnage is in the service of the Imperial Government. Consequently, their Canadian business was somewhat curtailed. The usual class of traffic exported to Ireland was carried during the season, the steamers mostly coming to this side in ballast. The Head Line inaugurated a new service this season from Montreal to Avonmouth, which will be continued during the winter from St. John, N.B., in conjunction with the Belfast and Dublin sailings. These vessels have been equipped to take special care of the cheese and provision exports to that port. All the steamers of the Head Line fleet have recently been equipped by the Marconi Company with wireless installa- tion, which should further improve their standing both with exporters and underwriters as being among the highest class insurable freight carriers on the Atlantic. This firm also reports a very successful season in tramp 70 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS chartering, having given special attention to this department, and numerous cargoes of grain, cattle and foodstuffs have left both Canadian and United States ports during the past season under McLean, Kennedy charters. The firm also have been appointed General Canadian agents for the Houston Lines (British owners), trading from New York to Buenos Aires and other South American ports, where they are endeavouring to offer such facilities in the matter of freight rates and regular sailings as to give Cana- dian manufacturers an opportunity to compete successfully with their American neighbours for a share of the heavy trade to that part of the world from the United States, and which hitherto has been to a certain extent neglected by Canadians for lack of proper shipping facilities. The firm of McLean, Kennedy & Co., which was estab- lished here upwards of thirty years ago as steamship brokers and agents, decided on December 1st to turn their business into a Limited Liability Company, and in future it will be known as McLean, Kennedy, Limited. The officers of the new company are Mr. Murray Kennedy, president; Mr. W. R. Eakin, vice-president and managing director; and Mr. A. E. Francis, secretary-treasurer. These gentlemen form the Board of Directors, and will carry on the business of the old firm which has been so long and favourably known alike to both shippers and shipowners. During the past season the fleet of the Canadian Northern Railway Steamship Department was entirely absorbed by the Admiralty, including three or four freight vessels secured by the company after the war began. Only the “Principello '' was able to reach the port this season, and she came only once. The splendid passenger steamers “Royal George’ and “Royal Edward,” which had become very popular before the war with Canadians taking trans-Atlantic trips, did not come to this port at all. In the case of the “Royal Edward,” which was torpedoed in the Aegean Sea on Saturday, August 14th, 1915, while conveying British troops to a destination designated by the War Office, there was great regret here that she would THE SEIIPPING BUSINESS 71 never be again in Canadian waters. It is expected here, how- ever, that after the war the service will be fully reinstated. With the completion and placing in operation of the Canadian Northern Transcontinental system between Montreal and the Pacific Coast, arrangements have been made to take care of the Company’s export business on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans until Such time as the war is over, and the fleet is once more available for fulfilling the peaceful ends of trade. The quantity of coal transported to St. Lawrence ports by the Dominion Coal Company during the 1915 season of navigation was about 1,600,000 gross tons. In addition to this Quantity something over 100,000 tons will have to be handled through Portland over the ensuing winter months, making a total for St. Lawrence ports of 1,700,000 tons. A slightly larger quantity was transported to Montreal during the 1914 season, but the difference is accounted for by the fact that steamers formerly taking large bunker supplies to St. Lawrence ports were diverted to Sydney in the season just past and bunkered either on their inward or outward voyage. Steamers employed in the coal-carrying trade made 310 trips to St. Lawrence ports during the season of navigation just ended, and vessels from the Upper Lakes, as well as the seven seas, were secured in order to carry this large amount of coal at a time notable for shortage of tonnage. When the steamer “Rock Ferry '' went into the dock at the end of Wellington Basin on Mill street, on November 6th, to have her rudder repaired, she inaugurated a new era in the work done by the Montreal Dry Docks & Ship Repairing Com- pany, Limited. For nearly four years this company had been doing work at the dock, which before that time was known as the Tate Dry Dock, but all summer work proceeded at deepen- ing the dry dock so that its scope could be greatly extended. The dock can now take any lake steamer which comes through the Lachine Canal. The dock has been deepened four feet for 250 feet in length, and a new concrete bottom laid. The “Rock Ferry’ is 260 feet long and draws 11 feet when light, an indication of the capacity of the new dock. There is a 72 TEIE SEIIR.PING BUSINESS good plant for iron work, completely supplied with air and electric tools. The dock is 50 feet wide and the blocks three feet six inches high. The entire length of the dock is 430 feet. Mr. Thomas Hall, of the Hall Engineering Works, is managing director of the Montreal Dry Docks & Ship Repair- ing Company, and Mr. F. H. Fox, Secretary and treasurer. - The New Zealand Shipping Company, Limited, has dispatched the usual number of steamers to Australian and New Zealand ports during the season of 1915. Shipments of all kinds of goods have been larger than usual, especially shipments of steel products, such as bars, plates, angles, wire, pipe, and so on. Shipments of plaster and canned goods have also increased considerably. - The outlook for increased shipments of a number of lines of manufactured goods that have hitherto gone out in small quantities is very good, and the company anticipates a grow- ing business from year to year between these two nations within the same Empire. The 58 Furness, Withy & Company sailings from this port during the past season were distributed as follows:– Manchester Liners, Limited, to Manchester. . . . . . . . 22 Furness, Withy & Company, Limited, to Hull. . . . 9 Outside Steamers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Furness, Withy & Company, Limited, represents the Manchester Liners, Limited, and the sailings of this line were only four short of last season, which is an especially good showing, in view of the large number of their steamers requisitioned by the British Government. Both importers and exporters have appreciated the Manchester Liners’ efforts to maintain regular weekly sailings, as they were the most suc- cessful, in this respect, of the lines to this port. The falling off in outside tonnage handled by Messrs. Furness-Withy was entirely due to exceptional conditions pre- Vailing during the past season and the shortage of tonnage offering. TELE SHIPPING BUSINESS 73 Messrs. Furness, Withy & Company also looked after the handling of the Canada Steamship Lines’ steamers, loading full cargoes of deals and grain from here to various ports in Great Britain. This was a new departure for the Canada Steamship Lines. The Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Company, Limited, had a Satisfactory season’s operations, handling their average coal tonnage to St. Lawrence ports. T. R. McCarthy, Registered, acted for thirty tramp steam- ers, 26 of which loaded 5,414,231 bushels of grain. Among the freight brought by these steamers were 29,219 tons nitrate of soda, from Chili, in three vessels, and 3,016 tons phosphate pebble from Tampa, in another. It also chartered a number of vessels for grain and coal on the Lakes, and for lumber to Great Britain. The firm suffered the loss during the summer of the founder of the firm. Mr. T. R. McCarthy, who died on June 30th, after 15 months’ illness, was one of the best-known shipping men in the city. He arrived in Montreal more than 18 years ago, and started in business here as a steamship and freight broker. Business is continuing under the same name and under the same management as during the fifteen months previous to the decease of the late Mr. McCarthy. Messrs. Thos. Harling & Son have not done an extensive business from the St. Lawrence this season, although their shipments through the Atlantic ports of Galveston, Newport News, New York, Boston and Portland, have been on a very large scale. From St. Lawrence ports they have looked after a few boats which loaded lumber to various points, and handled the shipment of a considerable quantity of rails for South Africa. Several steamers with horses have also been loaded from this river. The New York office has, however, been exceptionally busy all summer handling shipments of horses and other freights for the Allied Governments, chiefly to France. Up to the present they have shipped 125,000 horses and a large quantity of grain and other cargoes to Italy, France and England. - The Canada Shipping Company, Limited, steamship 74. TEIE SEIIREPING BUSINESS agents and freight brokers, acted as usual for a very large proportion of the grain-carrying tonnage to Montreal. While not handling the cargoes of as many grain-carrying steamers as last year, owing to the fact that many lake vessels were this year operating in Salt water, yet the number of vessels consigned to the company formed a large proportion of those remaining in the lake trade. Altogether, the com- pany handled 175 steamers carrying grain from the Upper Lakes to Montreal, and in addition 170 coal cargoes. In westbound cargoes they were representatives for 112 steamers and barges carrying pulpwood from Lower St. Law- rence River ports to the Great Lakes and eight cargoes wood pulp. In addition to the above, the Canada Shipping Com- pany, Limited, chartered a large number of vessels to load grain and coal cargoes, and several steamships for ocean trading. The business of the Sincennes-McNaughton Company is an index to the number of vessels using the port. Because this season so many vessels did not find their way up and down the St. Lawrence River as in 1914, the company kept two of their twenty tugs laid up at Sorel. They felt the absence of the regular liners, but the large number of transports which made this port helped out considerably. During last winter the company built another tug, called the “Progresso,” at Sorel. The company’s large sea-going tug, “Sin-Mac,” has gone down to St. John, N.B., for the winter to help in general harbour work and in handling the ships expected at that port this winter. Final figures regarding the Lachine Canal navigation season show that 41,352,876 bushels of grain were brought down this year, as against 67,343,952 bushels in 1914, a decrease of 25,991,076 bushels. Of all the grains only corn showed an increase, the 702,736 bushels brought down this season being 592,803 bushels more than in 1914. Wheat showed the greatest decrease, the 30,443,678 bushels received being 19,445,565 bushels under last year’s total. The other figures for this year, with the decrease in each case, are as follows: Oats, 8,499,035 bushels, decrease, 3,690,542; barley, 1,276,810 bushels, decrease, TEIE SEIIR.PING BUSINESS 75 2,937,673; rye, 23,135 bushels, decrease, 250,087, and flaxseed, 407,482 bushels, decrease, 260,012. - The total number of vessels which used the canal were 590, as against 615 last year, a decrease of 25; but their total combined net tonnage this year amounted to 249,050, an increase of 19,795 tons. The total number of trips was 7,820, which was 1,229 trips less than in 1914. As a result, the total com- bined tonnage for these 7,820 trips only amounted to 4,110,579, or 879,393 tons less than in 1914. The total tonnage of grain and miscellaneous cargoes carried was 964,916 tons under the 1914 figures, the total for this year being 3,265,294. There were 63,294 passengers carried through the canal and down the Rapids, as against 90,989 in 1914. The statistics for the year also show the following balances of advantage for 1914: Let passes issued last year, 5,764, this year, 4,820; lockmasters’ tickets up, 1,334 and 1,018; lock- masters’ tickets down, 3,014 and 2,560; permits to pleasure craft, 312 and 187; coal, 1,138,738 and 1,070,138 tons, a decrease of 68,600 tons to harbour, canal basin and up the canal; and trips made light for return cargoes, 3,418 in 1914 and 2,942 in 1915, a decrease of 476. Deducting the number of trips made light from the total number of trips made, the result shows that only on 4,878 occasions did vessels carry car- goes, as against 5,631 times in 1914. In building materials, lumber brought down from Ottawa for United States ports unexpectedly showed a considerable increase, 27,728,400 feet board measure, or 46,214 tons, having come down this year. Also there were 41 rafts of 5,000 lineal feet each, making a total of 205,000 lineal feet, or 4,100 tons, which passed through the harbour during the season. There were 48,297 tons of sand up from the harbour to the canal basin, a decrease of 17,416 tons, and 44,866 tons down, a decrease of 23,778. This makes a total decrease of sand carried as compared with 1914 of 41,194 tons. There was an increase of 1,019 cords of pulpwood up to Canadian ports, the total amount being 23,759 cords; and a decrease of 5,459 cords to American ports, the total for the season being 114,192 cords. This makes the grand total 76 THE SHIPPING BUSINESS 137,951 cords, a total decrease of 4,440 cords. No pulp went to Canadian ports at all this year, as compared with 1,600 tons in 1914; and 26,137 tons went to American ports this year, as compared with 36,012 tons last year, making a total decrease of 11,475 tons. The comparative figures for “up or westbound * traffic and “down or eastbound ’ traffic are as follows:–Number of trips, up, 3,864; down, 3,956; tonnage of vessels reported, up, 2,008,474; down, 2,102,105 net tons; cargo tonnage up, 799,- 203; down, 2,466,091 net tons; number of passengers carried, up, 15,846; down, 47,448. The following figures indicate that though there was a falling off in the total tonnage passing through the canal, the American tonnage increased: Canadian steamships, 178, in 1915, and 190 in 1914; American steamships, 46 of 52,651 net tons, as compared with 27 steamships of 26,270 net tons in 1914; Canadian barges, scows, etc., 215 in 1915, and 255 in 1914; American barges, 6, as against 9 in 1914; and Amer- ican canal boats, 145 of 14,683 net tons in 1915, and 134 of 13,206 met tons in 1914. Of the Canadian steamships reported, some 50 vessels with a tonnage of 58,702 operated in coastal and over-seas trade during the season. Of the American steam vessels reported, 18 vessels, having a total net tonnage of 25,241, passed out for American ports in consequence of the law forbidding railways to own steamships. Because of the million sacks of flour in the gift to the Imperial Government from the Dominion in 1914, this year’s total for flour passing through the canal is 123,273 sacks, just 1,040,985 sacks under last year. The comparative figures for 1914 and 1915 respectively for produce carried through the canal are as follows: Eggs, 14,909, and 14,465 cases, a de- crease of 444; butter, 6,544, and 4,984 packages, a decrease of 1,560; cheese, 194,834, and 221,212 boxes, an increase of 26,378; apples, 30,448, and 25,131 barrels, a decrease of 5,317. ESTABLISHED 1778 SMEATON WHITE, President The Oldest Newspaper in the Dominion of Canada Glac (jazette MONTREAL Retains its position as the Leading Journal of the Dominion, in Char- acter, Standing, News Prestige and Influence SUBSCRIPTION: $6.00 A YEAR * Special Cable and Telegraphic News :: Exclusive and Reliable Financial News :: Impartial Sporting Reports :: Full Legal Reports :: Trustworthy Ship- ping Intelligence :: Authoritative Market Reports DISTANCE IN MARINE MILES direct....... 2,694 Vis - I § rt; (t) rö c; g; rº +3 ELLE ISLE +3 d § Tº & * +3 e ST. Law RENCE Q} d; E. * | . 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C 3 : A. ſº p3 § .# ſº 3 a ‘ā | 3 | # | 3 | T | 9 || 3 || 3 || | | * ſº * | * | 2 | o | ? g tº | g | P: | g g FIALIFAx ‘ā = a | g | 9 || 3 || 3 | * | 8 || 9 ||a, FROM à || 3 | #| 5 | #| 5 | # | 3 | #| | | #| # § | 3 || 3 || 3 | #| 3 || 3 || 3 || || 3 | # # Ö ſº | CŞ | 3 || O ſº O go O tº O || O FROM &# | 3 || 3 || 7 | (j j || 3 || 3 || 3 || || || > | CŞ Montreal....... . . . . . . 297 374|| 399| 432| 463| 481 618; 690; 827; 939| 959|. Portland * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . 22| 45| 65| 188| 204|| 253| 322 328| 358| 383| 440| 798 Quebec. ............ . | 158] 235| 260 .293| 324; 345 479| 551 | 688| 800 820], Sequin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23| 43| 168] 184] 231|| 300|| 306. 336|| 361|| 418, 776 Father Point........ . . . . . . . . . 77| 102| 135|| 166|| 187 329| 393 || 530| 642|| 662|.. Manheigan s & e º ſº e º e * * * . . . . . . . . 20 143| 161| 208. 277| 283| 313| 338|| 395||753 Cape Chatte... . . . . . * e º e i = < * 20|| 58| 89| 110 || 244; 316 453| 555 585 . . Metinicus..... . . . . * @ e . . . . . . . . . 123| 141 | 188] 257| 263| 293| 318|| 375] 733 Martin River.... . . . . . . . . . . . ... 33| 64| 85 219| 291 || 428| 540. 560|.. Seal Island. . . . . . . * tº e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18| 65|| 134. 140|| 170, 195| 252, 619 Cape Magdalen. . . . . s e e º I & & e 31|| 52 186|| 258|| 395, 507| 527|.. Cape Sable. . . . . . . * * * * I e º º 47| 116| 122 152| 177|| 234|| 502 Fame Point......... s tº e e º 'º s is a e & 8 s a tº a tº ... 21 155 227 364| 476|| 496. Little Hope....... * * * * : * * . . . . 69| 75|| 105| 130| 187| 545 Cape Rosier........ • * * * | * * * * | * s s : e s & e * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * 134| 206| 343| 455| 475|.. Sambro Island... . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * 6|| 36|| 61 || 118| 476 Bird Rocks.......... • * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * | * * * * * * . . . . . 72| 209| 320|| 341|.. Chebucto Head... . . . . . . . . tº º 30| 55| 112| 470 Cape Ray........... • e s e i º e s = i e s e a & s a e º º s : * * * * : * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . 137| 249; 269| . . Egg Island. . . . . . . . * * * * : * * * * : e s w tº . . . . 25| 82) 440 St. Pierre..... . . . . . . • * g e I e = 2 e I e s & s , s = e s ] * * * * | * * * * | * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112| 132|.. Beaver Island... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 57| 415 Cape Pine......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . . 20; . . White Head. . . . . . * * * * * * * * * I e º 'º . . . . . 358 Montreal to Cape Race...... . . . . . . . . . . . . 959 Montreal to Belle Isle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872 Portland to Cape Race, via Halifax...... 798 Cape Race to Tory Island............... 1,740 Belle Isle to Tory Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,656 Cape Race to Tory Island............... 1,740 Tory Island to Liverpool..... . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Tory Island to Liverpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Tory Island to Liverpool..... . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,939 Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768 Total... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,778 Liverpool to Halifax direct.... . . . . . . . . . . 2,444 Liverpool to Moville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Liverpool to Portland direct............. 2,750 Halifax to Portland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Liverpool to Belle Isle Straits... . . . . . . . . 1,896 Montreal to Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Liverpool to St. John, N.B., CUN ARD LINE (CANADIAN SERVICE) PASSENGER AND FREIGHT SERVICE New Twin Screw Steamers “ANDANIA ’’ and “ALAUNIA," each 13,000 Tons EASTBOUND FROM - MONTREAL (in Summer) PORTLAND, Me. (in Winter) to LONDON (ply...th) WESTBOUND FROM LONDON and SOUTHAMPTON (ou...wn to MONTREAL (in Summer) PORTLAND, Me. (in Winter) (Via Halifax, N.S.) CONNECTING AT PORTLAND WITH THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM Twin Screw Steamers “AURANIA,” 14,000 tons (blóg.) “ANDANIA,” 13,300 tons. “ASCANIA,” 10,000 tons. “ALAUNIA,” 13,300 tons. “AUSONIA,’’ 9,000 tons. Fitted with Marconi “Wireless,” Steam Heat, Electric Light, Electric Bells, Bilge Keels and Submarine Signalling Apparatus. Cool Air for Meats, Cheese, etc., Cold Storage or Butter, Frozen Meats, Fruits, etc. on all Steamers. Favorite Steamers for Cheese and all Perishable Cargo. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and Western States For further information apply to all Railway Agents. THE CUNARD stEAMSHIP CoMPANY, LIMITED NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO MINNEAPOLIS WINNIPEG THE ROBERT REFORD COMPANY, LIMITED, Montreal ST. JOHN, N.B. QUEBEC TORONTO PORTLAND, ME. Watkins, Scotts or Western Union Codes THOMAS HARLING & SON STEAMSHIP AGENTS AND FREIGHT BROKERS Brokers for the Sale, Purchase and Charter of Vessels for all purposes. Marine Insurance effected 407 Board of Trade Bldg. - MONTREAL 32 Broadway : : : : NEW YORK ELDER, DEMPSTER LINES CANADA T0 SOUTH AFRICA M O N T H L Y S A I L IN G. S F R O M MONTREAL IN SUMMER AND ST. JOHN, N.B., IN WINTER FOR FULL INFORMATION APPLY TO ELDER, DEMPSTER & CO., LIMITED 319 BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING DON ALDSON LINE PASSENGER and FREIGHT SERVICE TWIN SCREW S.S. “LETITIA’’ 9000 TONS ALL YEAR ROUND CANADIAN SERVICE TO GLASGOW Weekly from Montreal during Season of Navigation and from St. John, N.B., during Winter Season In connection with the Canadian Pacific and Intercolonial Railways : l Passenger Service.—Excellent Accommodation for One-Class cabin (called second) and Third-Class Passengers on the Twin, Screw Steamers “LETITIA,” “SATURNIA,” “ATHEN IA’’ and “CASSANDRA.’’ - i Marconi Wireless, Bilge Keels, Speed, Safety. Favorite Boats for Horses and other Live Stock. Cold Storage for Butter, Meats, Poultry, Frûit, &c. - - * . ‘. . Specially ventilated accommodation for Cheese, Provisions, and Apples. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and the Western States. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION APPLY TO D. J. DONOVAN, 349 Main Street, Winnipeg, Man. Western Freight Agent, H. E. LIDMAN, 183 North Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. . 234 South LaSalle St., Western Pass. Agt. ) 208 Fourth St., South, Minneapolis, Minn. Chicago, Ill. 531 Granville 'St., Vancouver. OR ALL RAILWAY AGENTS. The ROBERT REFORD CO., Limited, Montreal ST. JOHN, N.B. QUEBEC TORONTO PORTLAND, Maine Canada Shipping CO. LIMITED STEAMSHIP AGENTS pºss- for the Chartering and Sale of Lake and Ocean Steamers 118 Board of Trade Building, Montreal ESTABLISHED 1849 The Sincennes-McNaughton Line Limited Forwarders and Tug Line Proprietors Montreal Harbor Tugs DIRECTORS: J. O. GRAVEL, President A. A. LAROCQUE, Man. Director - YVON DUPRE, Sec.-Treasurer GENERAL OFFICE: 75 COMMON STREET, cor. Grey Nun Telephone Main 34 TUG OFFICE: Lock 1, foot of Lachine Canal, McGill Street Telephone Main 706 P. O. BOX 27.75 THOMSON LINE FREIGHT SERVICE BETWEEN ----------------ºux-Mºº- Leith, Newcastle, Aberdeen, East Coast Ports of England and Scotland AND FRANCE DIRECT SERVICE FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN Sailings from Portland, Me., in connection with the Grand Trunk Railway during the Winter Season Favorite Boats for Cheese and all Perishable Cargo. Cool Air for Meats and Cheese, etc. Cold Storage for Fruit, Butter, Frozen Meats, etc. Through Bills of Lading granted to and from all points in Canada and the Western States. For further information apply to HENDERSON BROS., 35 West Randolph Street, Chicago ALL RAILWAY AGENTS, OR THE ROBERT REFORD CO., Limited, Montreal :ST. JOHN, N.B. QUEBEC TORONTO PORTLAND, Maine DOMINION COAL CO. LIMITED “DOMINION ?” and “SPRINGHILL '' C O A SCREENED, RUN OF MINE AND SLACK DISCHARGING PLANTS AT MONTREAL, QUEBEC and THREE RIVERS with Unexcelled Facilities for Bunkering SALES OFFICE: 112 ST. JAMES STREET - MONTREAL Telephone MAIN 4491 Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. Limited Steel Works and Head Office, NEW GLASGOW, N.S. P R O P R I E TO R S, M I N E R S A N D S H I P P E R S OF “Old Sydney” Bituminous Coal Unrivalled Facilities for Bunkering Collieries at Sydney Shipping Pier at North Mines, Cape Breton Sydney, Cape Breton M A N U F A C T U R E R S OF - S l Merchant Bars, Sheets and Plates (from 12-gauge up to tee 1 * thick. Any widths up to 50"). Heavy Forgings, Ham- mered Shafts. Nothing Required in Canada too Large for Us. Steam and Electric Car Axles, Fish Plates, Spikes and other Railway Materials, Tee Rails — 12, 18, and 28 lbs. per yard. ºf Yº Yeſ | | || ... : ſºlº/7% º 2- . C) S. SCHEDULED SAILINGS TO AND FROM MONTRE A THREE RIVERS, QUEBEC, SAGUENAY 5 PORTS AND LOWER ST. LAWRENCE, including SUMMERSIDE, CHARLOTTETOWN AND PICTOU. And between Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, Bay of Quinte Ports and St. Lawrence Ports. Also from Montreal, Toronto and Hamilton, to Sault Ste. Marie, Fort William, Port Arthur and Westfort and all points in North-West Canada. Best and cheapest route for Export and Domestic shipments. Through Bills of Lading issued in connection with all Ocean Lines. Export Rates include Montreal Terminals. Special attention given to the handling of Butter, Eggs, Cheese, Apples, etc., shipments. Montreal Docks: Victoria Pier; McGill St. ; Ottawa St. The Montreal Dry Docks and Ship Repairing Co. Limited SHIP BUILDERS AND REPAIRERS IN STEEL AND WOOD. BOILER- MAKERS, BLACKSMITHS AND C A R P E N T E R S DOCK: OFFICE: MILL STREET 14-16 JURORS ST. Phone, Main 2241 Phone, Main 256 Dominion Bridge Co. LIMITED Head Office and Works : Branch Offices and Works: M O N T R E A L., P. Q. TORONTO, OTTAWA, WINNIPEG Engineers, Manufacturers and Erectors of Steel Structures CAPACITY gº 135,000 TONS Railway and Highway Bridges, Swing and Bascule Spans, Build- ings of all kinds, Hemispherical Bottom and other Tanks, Transmission Poles and Towers, Caissons, Barges, Lift Locks, Turntables, Hydraulic Regulating Gates, Electric and Hand Power Cranes, Hoisting Appliances, Riveted Pipe, etc. Gear Cutting and Gen- eral Machine Work. LARGE STOCK of STANDARD STRUCTURAL MATERIAL at ALL WORKS COAL and CO KE Anthracite and Bituminous Coal A L S O Foun DRY C O KE GEORGE'S CREEK CUMBERLAND FOR SMITHING PURPOSES Rail shipment to all points on Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railways and their connections FOR PRICES APPLY Farquhar Robertson, Limited 206 ST. JAMES STREET > } = • * º - º Lº: i - GENERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS OF THE GRAND TRUNK RY. SYSTEM AND g THE CANADIAN EXPRESS CO. CANADIAN EXPRESS CO. Operating over the lines of the - GRAND TRUNK SYSTEM, CANADIAN GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS and other important RAIL and WATER ROUTES CANADIAN FORWARDERS OF Special Rates and Facilities on Business between MERCHANPºVALUABLES, GREAT BRITAIN AND CANADA Money Orders, Travellers' Cheques, Foreign Cheques issued, payable at par everywhere General Offices, MONTREAL, Que. JOHN PULLEN, President CABLE ADDRESS: MACARTHY, MONTREAL TELEPHONE: MAIN 3227 (Watkins', Scott's, Lieber's & A. B.C. Codes used) T. R. McCARTHY, Reg’d STEAMSHIP and FREIGHT BROKER Chartering, Forwarding and General Commission Agent; and Broker for the Sale, Purchase and , Construction of Steamers and Sailing Vessels. Marine and Fire Insurances effected SHIPPING AGENT TO 404 Board of Trade Building THE ASBESTOs & ASBESTIC Co., Limited 42 St. Sacrament Street OF DANVILLE, QUE. MONTREAL - Canada MADE IN CANADA HAVE YOU CONSIDERED SUPER FIN E LIN EN R E CO RID For Loose Leaf Forms, For Business Stationery, For Letter Headings, For All Commercial Printing, For Type-writer Paper, For Envelopes 2 For Complete Information and Samples write us The Rolland Paper Co., Limited High Grade Paper Makers General Offices: 142 St. Paul St. West Mills at St. Jerome and Montreal, P.Q. Mont Rolland, P.Q. ASBESTOCEMENT BUILDING MATERIALS REDUCE FIRE LOSSES ASBESTOSLATE makes roofs that are handsome, fireproof, practi- cally everlasting, and moderate in price. LINABESTOS Building Board prevents inside fires from spread- ing. It is quickly applied, and makes a permanent, attractive, yet inexpensive interior finish. + ASBESTOS Corrugated Sheathing makes walls and roofs for Warehouses, Factories, Garages, Stables and Barns that are absolutely weather and fireproof. . For full information about these Building Materials, and also about Asbestos Paper and Millboard, Asbestos Air-cell Pipe Covering, Asbestos Sheet and Piston Packing and other Asbestos Pro- ducts, write ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING CO. Limited Address: Suite 810-811 Drummond Building, 511 St. Catherine St. W., Montreal Factory at Lachine, Que. (near Montreal) BIG milling concern offered a prize recently to the salesman selling the most of its flour during a given month. Q. One of its eight salesmen sat in his comfortable home, and from well-laid plans sold more flour by Iong distance telephone than any of the others and was awarded the prize. ‘ſ The telephone's the thing! The Iong distance lines enable you to spend time in wise planning while your competitor is spending both time and money in un- wise travelling. Q Don't overlook Long Distance. Apply it wisely, systematically to your business Every Bell Telephone is a Long Distance Station The Bell Telephone Co. OF CANADA 2. Arºz __2~….” zzº. ºž % 2 f { Begiumera * ! TEngrauera 1:lertru- fuperg ~~~.…” e 2–2.222--~~~~, 3 * * * * * A. • ‘’’.2%% The THOS. DAVIDSON M'F'G COMPANY, Limited MONTREAL ::: TORONTO : : : WINNIPEG sº-º-º: f *** ºr “ ----- * * º t rºl p º Vºge #º ſº ENAMELED WARE, LITHOGRAPHED, PRESSED AND PIECED TINWARE, SHEET IRON AND STEEL WARE, ALUMINUM WARE, GALVANIZED WARE, COPPER WARE, WIRE GOODS, STOVES, RANGE BOILERS, ETC. PROVINCE OF QUEBEC Department of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries © () () The chief minerals of the Province of Quebec are Asbestos, Chromite, Copper, Iron, Gold, Molyb- denite, Phosphate, Mica, Graphite, Ornamental and Building Stone, Clays, Etc. The Mining Law gives absolute security of Title and is very favourable to the Prospector. MINERS’ CERTIFICATES. First of all, obtain a miner's certificate from the Department in Quebec or from the nearest agent. The price of this certificate is $10.00, and it is valid until the first of January following. This certificate gives the right to prospect on public lands and on private lands on which the mineral rights belong to the Crown. The holder of the certificate may stake mining claims to the extent of 200 acres. WORKING CONDITIONS. During the first six months fol- lowing the staking of the claim, work on it must be performed to the extent of at least twenty-five days of eight hours. SIX MONTHS AFTER STAKING. At the expiration of six months from the date of the staking, the prospector, to retain his rights, must take out a mining license. MINING LICENSE. The mining license may cover mining land up to a maximum area of 200 acres. The price of this license is Fifty Cents an acre per year, and a fee of $10.00 on issue. It is valid for one year and is renewable on the same terms, on producing an affidavit that during the year work has been performed to the extent of at least twenty-five days' labour on each forty acres. MINING CONCESSION. Notwithstanding the above, a mining concession may be acquired at any time at fixed rates of $5 an acre for SUPERIOR minerals, and $3 for INFERIOR minerals. The attention of prospectors is specially called to the territory in the North Western part of the Province of Quebec, north of the height of land where important mineralized belts are known to exist. PROVINCIAL LABORATORY. Special arrangements have been made with POLY TECHNIC SCHOOL of LAVAL UNI- VERSITY, 228 ST. DENIS STREET, MONTREAL, for the determination, assays and analysis of minerals at very reduced rates for the benefit of miners and prospectors in the Province of Quebec. The well equipped laboratories of this institution and its trained chemists ensure results of undoubted integrity and reliability. The Bureau of Mines at Quebec will give all the information desired in connection with the mines and mineral resources of the Province, on application addressed to HONOURABLE HONORE MERCIER MINISTER OF COLONIZATION, MINES AND FISHERIES QUEBEC Howard Smith Paper Mills Limited, Montreal Makers in Canada of the highest grades of loft dried — Fine Writing Papers – Under the “BEAVER S ’’ Trademark—Watermark . . . ." g See that this watermark is in all the papers you use — it stands for the - utmost your money can buy in Canadian Made – Papers – The Montreal Lithographing Co. Limited Lithographers FINE COLOR WORK AND COMMERCIAL STATIONERY The Montreal Lithographing Company Limited 925 Ontario Street East How Do You Buy Your Printing 2 © (> O. O YOU merely “send out for prices,” and, on the basis of competitive figures, give the work to the lowest bidder 2 If so, you un- doubtedly save some money on the initial cost of your printing—and, in most cases, ow- ing to poor quality of work and service, lose many times the amount apparently saved. ‘ On the other hand, do you decide, at the outset, just how much money you can spend on a particular piece of printing, and then ask a good, responsible printing house to outline and show you the best kind of a catalogue or booklet that can be produced at the cost specified ? ‘ſ A combination of both methods is some- times a wise procedure, but those who value quality and service above mere cheapness in first cost, consider it false economy to buy printing entirely on a basis of low price. Q Quality in your printing gives you value that far out-weighs and out-lasts any slight saving in first cost. O O. O. (ſhe (§azette Hrinting (Ju'u Tintife? 38 St. Antoine St. jº. Telephone Main MONTREAL s gº 86 91 The Hall-Mark of Good Printing Established 1841 The Mercantile Agency R. G. DUN & CO. - - - 236 offices throughout the world. - - - 17 in Canada as follows: MONTREAL HALIFAX, N.S. LETH BRIDGE, SASK. TORONTO ST. JOHN, N.B. MOOSE JAW, SASK. OTT AWA WINNIPEG REGINA, SASK. QUEBEC EDMONTON, ALTA. SASKATOON, SASK. HAMILTON CALGARY, ALTA. VANCOUVER, B.C. LONDON FORT WILLIAM, ONT. VICTORIA, B.C. T. H. FLEET District Manager - - - - Montreal ºr ºl - Trout Creek Bridge, K.V. Ry., near Summerland, B.C. -Canadian Pacific Railway The Royal Military College of Canada HERE are few national institutions of more value and interest to the country than the Royal Military College of | Canada. Notwithstanding this, its object and the work it is accomplishing are not sufficiently understood by the general public. The College is a Government Institution, designed primarily for the purpose of giving instruction in all branches of military science to Cadets and officers of the Canadian Militia. In fact it corresponds to Woolwich and Sandhurst. The Commandant and military instructors are all officers on the active list of the Imperial army, lent for the purpose, and there is in addition a complete staff of professors for the civil subjects which form such an important part of the College course. Medical attendance is also provided. Whilst the College is organized on a strictly military basis the cadets receive a practical and scientific training in subjects essential to a sound modern education. The course includes a thorough grounding in Mathematics, Civil Engineering, Surveying, Physics, Chemistry, French and English. The strict discipline maintained at the College is one of the most valuable features of the course, and in addition, the constant practice of gymnastics, drills and outdoor exercises of all kinds, ensures health and excellent physical condition. Commissions in all branches of the Imperial service and Canadian Permanent Force are offered annually. The diploma of graduation is considered by the authorities conducting the examination for Dominion Land Surveyor to be equivalent to a university degree, and by the Regulations of the Law Society of Ontario, it obtains the same exemptions as a B.A. degree. The length of the course is three years, in three terms of 9% months each. The total cost of the course, including board, uniform, instructional material, and all extras, is about $800. The annual competitive examination for admission to the College takes place in May of each year, at the headquarters of the several military divisional areas and districts. For full particulars regarding this examination and for any other information, application should be made to the secretary of the Militia Council, Ottawa, Ont., or to the Commandant, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ont. H.Q. 94-5. I2-13.−52332. ESTABLISHED 1867 - A. A. AYER, President SIZE OF BUILDING, 100 x 245 FT. The A. A. Ayer Co., Limited Office: Warehouses: 576 St. Paul St. St. Paul, St. Henry and William Sts. MONTREAL Exporters of BUTTER and CHEESE We own by far the most extensive warehouse and cold storage in the trade and have every convenience for the cooling and rapid handling of Cheese and Freezing of Butter. All Cheese are received and handled in cool rooms, thus insuring freedom from the hot and tasty lots which frequently spoil profits and stop free consumption. Correspondence solicited. We give our personal attention to the buying and filling of orders for Export and for Home Trade. We are in touch with all the principal markets in Great Britain and Our Great West and with nearly every cheese factory and creamery in Canada. Our buyers are always in attendance at the principal markets, viz.: Brockville, Belleville, Peterboro, Napanee, St. Hyacinthe, Cowans- ville, London, Ingersoll, as well as all other markets in Ontario and Quebec. We carry a full line of Cheese Factory and Creamery Supplies. The Cheese Trade | NE of the most important O seasons in the history of Canada’s Dairy Produce Trade was brought to a close on De- cember 1st, 1915, by the closing of navigation from the port of Montreal, and all the boards throughout the country. The season was a remarkable one in many respects, and especially so in the cheese industry, which from the opening on May 1st to the close was marked with considerable excitement and activity at certain periods, owing to the increased demand for the production, as stocks of Canadian cheese in the Mother Country were completely exhausted at the beginning of the season. In consequence, prices were the highest on record in the English markets during the month of May, and showed an advance in some instances of 29s per cwt., as compared with the low level in the same month last year, while at the same time prices paid in the country here ranged from 15%.c to 19%g per lb., but after the immediate requirements of English importers were satisfied, and owing to the large increase in the shipments from the United States as compared with pre- vious years, a weaker feeling developed in the situation both at home and abroad and prices in the Liverpool market steadily declined from 94s per cwt. on May 31st to 71s to 73s per cwt. on August 26th. In the same period here values in the country sold down from 1813-16c to 10 11-16c per lb., the latter price being the lowest for the season. At this point the Government commenced operating for army supplies both in Europe and Canada, and as some very large orders were placed here with Canadian exporters, in addition to the demand from regular English importers, the market became somewhat excited, as the competition for supplies was keen, which resulted in a sharp 98 TEIE CHEESE TRADE reaction in prices, and Canadian cheese in Liverpool from the above last-named date to December 1st advanced 19s to 20s per cwt. to 91s to 92s, which figures are 14s per cwt. higher than the corresponding date a year ago. The average prices for cheese in the country here for the month of August were 12C to 12 2-3c per lb., from which they almost steadily advanced to the close of the season, when the averages were 16%e to 16.42e per lb., as compared with 14.12c to 14.61c per lb. for the month of November, 1914. The season, on the whole, has been a remarkable and an exceptional one with respect to the price of cheese, which has surpassed anything heretofore realized. This is attributed to the war, and the extent to which the Canadian product has entered into the rations of the army. If a pound of cheese be equal to two or three pounds of beef in nutriment, with the added advantages of being non-perish- able, easily handled and ready for consumption, it seems an ideal food in the exigencies of war. - The season has been a favourable one for the production of cheese, as is shown by the increase as compared with last year, the receipts being, from May 1st to November 30th, 1,947,215 boxes, as against 1,506,189 boxes for the corresponding period in 1914. The increase may be ascribed to the fact that while there were a great many cattle, both old and young, disposed of and shipped into the United States last year, and to the Cana- dian Northwest, yet a large number of young cattle became milkers this spring, besides which there has been little or no cream shipped to the United States this year, while last year large quantities were exported, on account of the high prices prevailing for the same and the fact that values for the manu- factured article were not on the same basis as this season. In consequence of the above, the volume of milk received as a rule at the factories was much larger, and also because of the excellent condition in which the vast bulk of it arrived at the receiving cans which was due to a great extent to the remark- ably favourable weather which prevailed throughout the season for producing grass of good quality, and the comparatively low temperatures which prevailed in the country for the most part of the season made the preservation of milk an easy task. Long THE CHIEESE TRADE 99 experience has reduced Cheddar cheesemaking to an exact science in Canada. Preliminary training of makers and the admirable system of expert inspection and itinerant counsel at the factories under the Dairymen’s Associations have made it really difficult to go wrong, providing the weather, the feed and the water for the cows, furnish the factory with the raw material that is pure and sweet. The prices of cheese this year have revived languishing factories and stimulated the output of every cow. This season the patrons of many factories received $1.50 net per 100 lbs. of milk, and, in addition, the whey for pig feeding, which is variously valued at 10c to 15c per 100 lbs. In former times the price kept up near $1.00 per 100 lbs. of milk. Last year the May rate was 98.23c and in November it reached $1.40. We sometimes repine that the old days were better than these degenerate times, but that does not apply to the sale of cheese in 1915. All is not gold that glistens, however. Farm help costs more and cow feed is higher, the tax collector grows more outrageous now, and cows that used to be worth $35 each now cost $100, and then, compared with 20 to 25 years ago, the help of the factory men has just about doubled in cost. This season rennet was dearer, and, contrasted with old times, the cheese boxes, which were 8c each, have practically doubled in price, and the transportation companies are now more exacting as to the quality and the strength of the packages. In recent years the cheese has increased somewhat in size and weight and there have been modifications in the details of making, resulting in the production of a more uniformly firm product, mellower and richer in texture, while the body and keeping quality have been preserved. This has resulted, as we have seen, from a more thorough understanding both of the science and practice involved in handling the milk and curd. The favourable state of the cheese business has tended to draw milk hitherto drift- ing in other directions, so that altogether the stimulus has been favourable to men in all branches of dairying. While the manufacturer and factorymen throughout the country have been much benefited from a financial point of view, it is said to have been a most trying and difficult season 100 THE CEIEESE TRADE for operators on both sides of the water, owing to the various rapid fluctuations, changes and differences in prices in short periods. . The exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 amounted to 1,851,731 boxes, as compared with 1,482,538 boxes for the previous year, showing an increase of 369,193 boxes. Placing the average price at 15.02c per lb., or at $12.31 per box of 82 lbs., the total value of the season's exports amounted to $22,806,670, as compared with $18,493,179 for 1914, showing an increase of $4,313,491. There were no shipments from Quebec this year, while last year 10,042 boxes were exported from that port, which brought the total up to 1,492,580 boxes for the season 1914. The banner year in this important branch of the trade was in 1903, when 2,395,932 boxes were exported, but the average price that year was only $9 per box, consequently the total value of the exports for that season only amounted to $21,563,338. The lowest average price on record was in 1898, when a box of cheese cost only $6.35. The receipts of cheese in Montreal from May 1st to November 30th, 1915, were 1,947,215 boxes, as compared with 1,506,189 boxes for the corresponding period last year, and the estimated stock of cheese in Montreal on December 1st, 1915, was 97,195 boxes, as compared with 35,155 boxes on the same date in 1914, and 67,747 boxes in 1913. Regarding the country west of Toronto, stocks there are reported light, and that the bulk, if not all, held will be required for home consumption. The exports of cheese from the port of New York for the eleven months ending November 30th, 1915, were 26,599,063 pounds, which were the largest on record for the past fourteen years, but they are still considerably below the banner year of this port, as in 1878 the shipments amounted to 145,486,910 pounds. The increase in the shipments from the above port this year was attributed to a great extent to the war and the large demand for this product for army supplies. The increase in the exports this year amount to 23,672,063 pounds, as Com- pared with the figures of 1914. THE CHEESE TRADE 101 The following table shows the exports of cheese from the port of Montreal for a period of years:– Quantity Price per boxes. box. Value. 1915 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,851,731 $12.31 $22,806,670. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482,538 11. 07 18,493,179 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,165 10. 25 16,104,441 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 10. 04 17,299,130 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 9.84 • 17,816,953 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 8. 80 16,651,668 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,315 9. 20 17,225,298 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785,696 9. 60 17,142,681 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 -9.50 18,747,461 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,227,838 9.40 20,941,677 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121,101 8.50 18,029,358 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,639 6.80 14,379,545 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 9.00 21,563,338 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,171 8.50 17,927,000 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,613 7.00 12,541,291 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077,000 8.00 16,560,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 7.75 14,698,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900,000 6.35 12,065,000 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,985 6.75 14,195,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,237 6.75 11,605,000 The figures showing the shipments from Montreal to the various ports in detail for a period of years follow — 1910. POrtS. 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. London . . . . . . 956,905 775,584 734,121 735,149 837,256 845,962 Liverpool 336,249 317,180 336,022 362,834 404,788 432,656 Bristol . . . . . . . 273,114 228,814 293,435 369,037 367,147 402,142 Manchester 98,299 38,569 63,236 94,988 77,932 76,540 Glasgow . . . . . 120,749 41,105 57,368 72,435 66,112 71,195 Leith . . . . . . . . 40,370 34,903 40,762 46,335 31,198 43,936 New Castle 4,410 18,532 21,722 24,298 13,527 8,903 Hull . . . . . . . . . 7,751 10,905 18,651 12,665 1,003 4,263 Belfast 10,120 4,144 3,719 1,388 1,650 3,725 South Africa. . . 3,514 3,757 1,730 1,671 2,224 1,908 Aberdeen . . . . . - - - - 1,939 487 958 Dundee . . . . . . e e is e 1,996 51 1,342 . Dublin . . . . . . . 250 5,153 e - - 161 Miscellaneous.. 1,896 399 70 Total. . . . . 1,851,731 1,482,538 1,571,165 1,723,021 1,810,666 1,892,325 3-I & I #-I #I #-T II 3-I & I #-3 OT Z-T &I Z-I 8T 8- 1, 9 I Z-I # I 9T-6 LI ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1SºGI #-8 g I Z-I # I 8-g II #-3 ZI 8- I ZI 91-8. § I #I 8–1, p. I Z-I GT 9T-6 LI ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1S3 AA- - JøCHUDIKAON Z-T 8T Z-I # I # - 3 II † - I 3 I ZT 3I 8- ), 8T 8- I g|I Z-I g|I #-I 9T ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1St (H. 8-9 3T 8-g #I † - I ZI 8-3 8 I 3-I & I # - I 3 I #I Z-T GI #-8 g I 9T-II 9T ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1S3 AA. JøQ000 O 8-I & I g|I 9T-6 ZI 9T-II 8T Z-T ZI Z-T 3T. 8-9 8T Z-I g|I #-3 ZI 8-T GI ' ' ' ' ' . . . . . . 1SºH Z-I 81 † - I g|I Z-I ZI 8–1, 3I 8-9 ZI Z-T 3I Z-I gT 9T #-I 3 I gr . . . . . . . . . . . 1SøAA . Joquoi de'S 8-9 ZI 8-9 3I Z-T ZI # - 3 3 I 8-9 ZI 8T W-i zT 91-g WI #-I 0I 9T-6 g I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1St.GI Z-T ZT 8-g 8 I Z-T ZI 9T-3T 8T 8-9 ZI #-T 8T ZI 9T-g|I #I 9T-g|I IT 9T-6 3T ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 3S3 AA 1sh.3nv | #-T II 8- I ZI I 8T P-I ZI 91-g 81 91-1 II #-8 ZI Z-T II Z-T gT . . . . . . . . . . . 1StºGI p-9 II #-I & I 9T-1, ZT 8-T 3I Z-I ZI Z-T 8T ZT 8-T 3T 8-9 ZI #-T 9T ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1S9 AA A.Inſ I-I OI #-T II ZI #-8 g I #-T II 9T-3T ZI Z-T II 3I # I #-g LI ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 1St GI #-T II Z-T II 8- I ZI 9T-GT 8T #-T II 8T ZI 9T-T 3 I GI Z-T 8T . . . . . . . . . . . 1So AA. * eu.nſ #-3 OT Z-T II. 8-8 g I 8- ), 8T 8- ), 0.I ZI II ZI 3-8 g| z-T ST . . . . . . . . . . . 1St.GI TI #-3 II #-T ZT # I OT 8-3 ZI 9T-6 TT #-3 ZI g-I g|I 3-I 6I . . . . . . . . . . . 4S3AA AºN "O. •o *O *O. *O •o *O *O *O. “O 'Aor I ‘USpH AA or I ‘USpH ‘AA or I 'us'ſ H "Aor I ‘U.5III “A or I ‘USIH —II6T- —ZI6T- —£I6T- —f I6T- —g|I6I— —: SIgo& Jo poſted tº IOI put UOSBas alſº 3LITInp Seoſid UI SUOI’lenqong out AOUS Seinäg 3UIAAOTIOJ au.I. TEIE CEIEESE TRADE 103 The monthly fluctuations in the Liverpool market during the seven months of the season for a period of years follow — —1915— —1914— —1913— —1912— High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. s, d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 94 0 94 0 69 6 65 0 61 6 57 0 74 0 68 0. June . . . . . . . . " 93 0 88 0 63 6 59 0 65 0 57 6 70 6 63 6 July . . . . . . . . 87 0 77 0 63 0 61 6 64 6 62 0 65 0 62 6 August . . . . . 76 0 71 0 80 0 69 0 65 6 64 0 67 6. 64 6 September .. 80 0 74 0 74 0 72 6 66 6 65 6 66 6 65 6 October . . . . . 85 0 7.6 0 7.6 6, 73 6 66 0 62 6 66 6 64 6 November . . 92 0 83 0 77 6 75 0 66 0 64 0 65 0 62 0 The following shows the average price per cwt. of Cana- dian cheddar cheese in London for a period of years:— Year Average ended - for year June 30. per CW't. 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83s 8d. 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68s 3d 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64s 8d 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71S 5d 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59'S 8d 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60S 6d 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63S 0d 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62S 10d 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64s 1d 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61S 0d In reviewing the dairy industry for the year ending June 30th, 1915, W. Weddel & Co., Limited, of London, Eng., says: The reduction in the imports of butter has been counter- balanced to some extent by the increase in the imports of cheese which were 12,245 tons over those of 1913-14, the total for the year being 131,320 tons, the largest total for the past twelve years, the total increase from British Dominions being only 69 tons. Canada from 1906 to 1914 had, with the excep- tion of 1910, steadily reduced her exports to British markets owing to the growing demands of her home population, the total decrease being 35,121 tons; New Zealand in the same 104. TEIE CHIEESE TRADE time increased her exports from 5,870 tons to 32,515 tons. Canadian imports for the past year have shown an increase of 1,429 tons, but New Zealand have declined by 1,341 tons, and Australian by 19 tons. Notwithstanding the largest imports from all sources for the past twelve years, prices have advanced to record figures. This was undoubtedly due to the active and steadily effective demand caused by cheese being made a daily ration in the new armies raised in the United Kingdom. Broadly speaking, except for a slight reaction after the war panic in August, prices advanced steadily from the beginning of July, 1914, to their climax at the end of May, 1915, when sº it became known that cheese was to be removed from the daily dietary of our armies. With that strong support removed, the market quickly fell back, and the season finished with a drop- ping tendency in the values of all descriptions. Australian.-Generally speaking the quality this season showed an improvement on that of last year. The bulk of the Australian cheese imports have been of Queensland manufac- ture, and a few of the best factories compared favourably with the New Zealand article, but there is still too much variation in colour, flavour and texture. A general levelling up of quality is much to be desired. The colour of the red cheese is not deep enough, and in many cases it is neither one thing nor the other, and the texture of both varieties lacks the closeness of the true Cheddar character. Complaints this year of too great acidity have been fewer. New South Wales sent from one or two factories special brands deserving very high commendation, as they more closely resembled English Dairy Cheddar than factory cheese. One particular brand (Kame- ruka) from New South Wales was far superior to the bulk, and was fully up to the New Zealand standard in respect to both quality and packing. Much improvement is needed in the Australian crate generally. The proportion of white cheese exported was too small, as the consumption of coloured in this country is only about one-third of the whole. New Zealand cheese has recovered favour this season. This mainly due to the general freedom from the ill flavours which THE CHEESE TRADE 105 prevailed last season, thereby bringing about a more regular Standard of quality. The looseness of texture has also dimin- ished but is still too common; the prevalence of Cheddar type requires a close texture free from holes or cracks. This character has become established in Canadian cheese, and there is no reason why New Zealand cheese makers should not be able to attain the same standard. If this looseness along with the cracks were overcome New Zealand cheese would bring higher prices. There are other improvements desirable con- nected with the shipping rather than with the make. For instance, if the cheese could go into store to cool for a short time before shipment much of the damage now caused by heating would be prevented. Canadian cheese has passed through most of the difficulties of manufacture and troubles arising from lack of cold storage at present experienced by New Zealand and Australia, and has so firmly established itself in the good opinion of consumers in this country that criticism is now uncalled for. The following shows the imports of Canadian and other cheese into the United Kingdom for a period of years — Year New TO tal |United Grand ended. Canada. Zealand. Australia. Colonial. States. Foreign. Total, June 30. TOn S. TOn S. TOn S. TOn S. TOn S. TOn S. TOn S. 1915. . . . . . 62,192 32,515 1,048 95,755 15,106 35,565 131,320 1914. . . . . . 60,763 33,856 1,067 95,686 1,169 23,222 118,908 1913. . . . . . 66,424 29,489 238 96,151 S42 21,245 117,396 1912. . . . . . 72,690 24,993 93 97,775 2,470 19,063 116,838 1911 . . . . . . 76,457 20,457 617 97,330 7,045 24,134 121,464 1910. . . . . . 79,661 22,651 207 102,519 1,700 20,305 122,824 1909 . . . . . . 76,402 16,572 * - & 92,974 3,765 23,850 116,824 1908. . . . . . 81,428 13,152 53 94,663 4,712 23,962 118,595 1907 . . . . . . 90,679 8,597 160 99,436 8,638 26,154 125,590 1906. . . . . . 95,884 5,870 . . . 101,754 10,676 28,308 130,062 1905. . . . . . 92,308 4,072 # 8 º' 96,280 9,387 25,682 122,062 1904. . . . . . 98,306 4,111 18 102,435 14,334 33,342 135,777 1903 . . . . . . 87,883 2,617 * e & 90,500 17,785 39,099 129,599 1902. . . . . . 76,297 2,710 * c & 79,007 26,154 20,091 125,252 1901 . . . . . . 77,267 4,186 7 81,460 28,034 21,544 131,028 1900 . . . . . . 70,549 3,973 180 74,702 32,183 21,720 128,605 S.E. RV I C E. º HE GAZETTE'S º Printing Depart- \º ment is equally ºf well known for the **º high quality of its work and the service it ren- ders its customers. * *T*E=- -:#E E-i Fºr º | * gº º-- .f: ‘I Contracts are made with large users of printing for their entire requirements, or quota- tions furnished on your work as you require it. ‘. Either plan will ensure best Quality and Service. º & Cº. 24 º The Hall-Mark 4 i\ of Good Printing Che (Bazette Hiriittituſ (Luutpatuſ Tintifeh 38 ST. ANTOINE STREET :: : : MONTREAL Canadian Branches: NAPANEE BELLEVILLE BROCKVILLE WINNIPEG CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I. Hodgson Brothers & Rowson Exporters and Commission Merchants 65, 67, 69 WILLIAM ST., MONTREAL ALSO Rowson, Hodgson & Co. Limited 35 TOOLEY STREET, LONDON, S.E., ENGLAND Our extensive Refrigerators are the Most Improved and of the best modern plans for the Cooling and storing of Cheese and Butter We are in direct communication with all the best Manufacturers of both Butter and Cheese throughout Canada. Orders receive our personal supervision and attention Co-Operative Wholesale Society LIMITED Central Offices, - - - - Manchester PRODUCE, PROVISION, WHEAT AND LEATHER EXPORTERS Montreal Office, 36 St. Peter St., A. C. Wieland, Representative BRANCHES AND BUYING DEPOTS. Newcastle-on-Tyne Cardiff Copenhagen, Denmark Gothenberg, Sweden London Liverpool Aarhus, Denmark Armagh, Ireland Bristol New York, U.S. Esbjerg, Denmark Cork, Ireland Northampton Winnipeg, Man. Odense, Denmark Limerick, Ireland PRODUCTIVE WORKS Leicester, Boots and Shoes Sydney Oil and Tallow Factory Heckmondwike, Curriers & Leather Leeds Clothing Factory Dressers Leeds Brush and Mat Works Leeds, Boots & Shoes Dunston-on-Tyne Flour Mill Rushden, Boots and Shoes Silvertown Flour Mill Crumpsall Biscuit Works Star Flour Mill, Oldham Manchester Tobacco Works Avonmouth Flour Mill Manchester Bacon Factory Desborough Corset Works Manchester Sun Flour Mills Longsight Printing Works Middleton, Jam, Preserves and Pickles Hartlepool Lard Refinery Broughton, Furniture, Mantles, Shirts Littleborough Flannel Mill Pelaw Works Hucknall Huthwaite Hosiery Factory Brislington Butter Factory Bury Weaving Shed Irlam, Soap, Candles, Lard, Starch Longton Crockery Depot Batley Woolen Cloth Factory Herning Bacon Factory Luton, Cocoa and Chocolate Tralee Bacon Factory Also Agents for Scottish Co-Operative Wholesale Society, Limited, Central offices, Glasgow. New Vancouver Hotel-Canadian Pacific Railway Cable Address: ‘‘ HODGECO,” Montreal. Codes furnished on application - and Registered Cable Addresses arranged. George Hodge & Son LIMITED (Affiliated with Gunn, Langlois & Co., Limited) PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND EXPORTERS OF BUTTER AND CHEESE All orders, whether for prompt or future shipment, receive our per- sonal supervision, and special attention given to selection of goods for storing in FIRST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. WE BUY DIRECT FROM MANUFACTURERS IN THE COUNTRY, and are in close touch with operations on all markets during season of production. All inquiries by wire or mail will meet with prompt atten- tion. WE STRIVE TO PLEASE OUR PATRONS. 118 KING STREET * * tº º gº MONTREAL J. B. CLEARIHUE, President J. R. CARMEL, Secy.-Treas. Cold Air Circulation Perfect Ventilation O O O Cold Storage for BUTTER, CHEESE E G GS, FRUIT, POULTRY, MEAT, etC. OFFICES AND STORES Corner of Grey Nun and William Streets (Centre of Provision and Fruit Trade) TELEPHONE MAIN 4808 £ulmert iſ antpault & ºut Established 1864 £intitch Cable Address: Broomfield IN SURANCE MARINE, PARCEL POST REGISTERED MAIL AUTOM OBILE BAGGAGE FIRE 1 St. John Street :: :: Montreal C. N. R. rounding the Selwyn Range near Mount Robson, B.C. Cable ‘‘MAPLELEAF '' Montreal Code used “THE ALEXANDER” JAMES ALEXANDER LIMITED FIRST CLASS REFRIGERATOR STORAGE E X P O R T E R S O F BUTTER CHE ESE 676 to 688 St. Paul St., Montreal - BRANCHES : Belleville Kingston Brockville Quebec Established in Canada 1874 Cable Address: -- Telephones | OFFICE tº- MAIN 8422 "HELMSVILLE'' *P** \ HOUSE, WESTMOUNT 327 P. O. BOX 1162 HARRY A. HODGSON Produce Commission Agent BEST COLD STORAGE FACILITIES F O R B U T T E R A N D C H E E S E Special attention given to consignment of But- ter and Cheese for sale in Canada or Great Britain 61 William Street, MONTREAL, Que. DALE & COMPANY LIMITED MONTREAL HALIFAX TORONTO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER s—sºon—s Marine Agents in Canada FOR Alliance Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. British and Foreign Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. British Dominions General Insurance Co., Ltd., of London, Eng. * Commercial Union Assurance Co., Ltd., of London, England. Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation, of London, England. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. Standard Marine Insurance Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. Thames and Mersey Marine Ins. Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, Eng. F I R E British Dominions General Ins. Co., Ltd., of London, Eng. Telephone MAIN 5057 ALEX. W. GRANT E X P O R T E R BUTTER AND CHEESE Spacious Dry and Cold S to r a g e F a cil it i e s 47 William Street, Montreal In Canada Cold Storage Building Beveridge Paper Co., Limited Successors to The Wm. Cauldwell Paper Company, Limited NEWS, MILLBOARD, WOODBOARDS, BAGS AND TWINES KRAFT, GLAZED AND UNGLAZED Also Writings, S.C. and M.F. Printings and Tissues and all Imported Papers 17 and 19 St. Therese Street, MONTREAL, Que. º {{\ ſº * ºf . . %, º } & º M ſ!.Å'l- t|º:* , |i w% .ººw% £ | | !% * à * i ſf §J. :- -º :|* :.*ſ |i#§&º t-% º*- - -2.*. º |-< al i i % . ! - ſºft, 2% 3. tº * | . . º. | ºf 3% º'º'; ñºl: #%; | º ...ſº 3%; All * º % tº º w gº 2}^s ºº º ºr gº º .. #. | | § ". ; : * s Windsor Station, Montreal–Canadian Pacific Railway T H E M A R K E T R E P O R T S P R IN T E D D A ILY IN Kiſh c (ºnzette ARE ADMITTED TO BE THE BEST PUBLISHED IN CANADA SUBSCRIPTION: $6.00 A YEAR Address : SMEATON WHITE, President Gazette Printing Company Limited, Montreal Armstrong Cork and Insulation Co. Limited MONTREAL, Que. © (> © Contractors for COLD STORAGE INSULATION NONPAREIL CORKBOARD, NON PAREIL BRINE, COLD WATER AND ICE WATER CORK PIPE COVERING, N ON PAREIL HIGH PRESSURE STEAM COVERING C O R K B R I C K F L O O RS FOR COW ST ALLS, CALF AND BIJLL PENS, HORSE STALLS, SHEEP PENS AND PIGGERIES Catalogues and Samples on Request The Butter Business HE most important factor in the butter business during the past season was the increased demand from English im- porters for Canadian creamery, which was at- tributed to the large de- crease in the shipments from other exporting countries, and especially so from Denmark, owing to the heavy demand from Germany for supplies and the high prices paid by that country for the same. Consequently, this tended to strengthen the English markets considerably, and prices advanced very rapidly to the highest level in years for finest creamery butter, which enabled Canadian exporters to accept many of the orders that came forward, but at the same time the volume of business was checked to some extent on account of the scarcity of cold air space on the vessels sailing from this port, as the bulk of it had been contracted for earlier in the season for other perishable goods. However, on the whole, a fair amount of business was done in this direction, and the exports for the season show a marked increase as compared with the past three years, as will be seen by the figures given on another page of this review. Another important factor in this department of the trade is the almost complete falling off in the shipments of butter to British Columbia and the Canadian Northwest during the past season, while in 1914 there were 65 carloads shipped from here, and in 1913 the ship- ments amounted to 223 cars, while in 1912 some 326 cars went forward. This is due to the fact that the output of Dairy Butter - . - 116 THE BUTTER BUSINESS butter from the creameries in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba have increased to such an extent that the supply now is more than sufficient to fill the requirements of the Western trade. In fact, two shipments, one of 4,000 packages and another of 6,000 packages, were made this season from Vancouver for New Zealand and Australia, while previous to this year large quantities of butter were imported from these countries by Vancouver merchants, in addition to what they previously purchased from Montreal merchants. - The make of butter in Canada for the first three months this season was smaller than that of 1914, notwithstand- ing the fact that prices were much higher than the same three months last year, but as prices for cheese were also considerably better in the corresponding period, it paid factory- men better to make cheese. As prices for butter during the last four months of the season almost steadily advanced, it tended to increase the output, and in consequence the shortage in the make during the first part of the season was more than made up, but, owing to the larger export business done, the supply of finest goods towards the end of the season in the local market was none too large. The average prices . paid for butter at the Eastern Townships Dairymen’s Exchange at Cowansville during the season was 29.82e per lb., while the average at the St. Hyacinthe board was 29.38c, and the average at the Quebec Agricultural Co-operative Society sales, held here, was 29.07c, making the total average for the Prov- ince of Quebec 29.42c, as compared with 25% c per lb. for the season of 1914. The exports of butter from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 amounted to 54,495 packages, as compared with 7,300 packages for the previous year, showing an increase of 47,195 packages, and an increase of 52,767 packages with 1913. Placing the average price for the season 1915 at 29.42c per lb., or at $16.47 per package of 56 lbs., the total value of the exports amounts to $897,815, as against $115,792 for 1914, showing an increase of $782,023. The receipts of butter in Montreal from May 1st to November 30th, 1915, were 376,572 packages, as compared with 365,765 for the corresponding THE BUTTER BUSINESS 117 period last year. The stock of creamery butter in store in Montreal on November 30th, 1915, was estimated at 72,966 packages, as against 106,293 packages for the same date last year, and 116,645 packages in 1913. The following shows the exports of butter from Montreal with the estimated value for a period of years:– - Quantity Price pkgS. per pkg. Value. 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,495 $16.47 $ 897,815 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,300 15.45 115,792 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,728 15.90 27,475 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 16. 20 1,134 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,503 12. 88 1,732,398 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,884 13. 16 366,753 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,443 12.88 508,025 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,416 13.56 1,266,720 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,773 13. 30 888,080 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361,400 13.20. 4,770,480 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573,449 12. 90 7,397,492 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,300 10.80 5,295,240 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338,277 12.00 4,059,324 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539,845 12.50 6,748,262 1901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,000 14. 70 6,027,000 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 14.00 3,640,000 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451,050 13. 30 5,998,000 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,000 13.25 3,307,500 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,000 12.50 2,697,000 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,221 12.25 1,800,000 The following shows the shipments of butter in detail for a period of years:—, 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909. Bristol . . . . . . . . 8,216 6,185 1,728 . . . . . 59,579 17,009 25,160 Liverpool . . . . . . 8,057 65 tº e º tº º . . . . . 21,133 4,466 2,347 London . . . . . . . 26,166 1,050 º º e º 'º . . . . . 48,925 3,937 7,572 Glasgow . . . . . . 5,904 e tº e º 'º e e º ſº º e e g º e 4,066 1,197 3,474 South Africa. . . . 6,137 tº e g º ſº e e º 'º - 70 400 1,025 tº gº tº º ſº Manchester . . . tº e º & {º & º º ſº ge tº s º º § g º gº tº ſº º e º 'º 250 700 Leith . . . . . . . . . . 15 - tº tº e º ſº. tº º e º e tº tº Total . . . . . . 54,495 7,300 1,728 70. 134,503 27,884 39,253 The fluctuations in prices during the seven months of the season, with a comparison with previous seasons, follow — 11 S TELE BUTTER BUSINESS —1915— —1914— —1913— —1912— High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. High. Low. C. C. C. C. !C. C. C. C. May . . . . . . . . 31 27 23% 22% 26% 25% 27 25 June . . . . . . . . 2.8% 27 24% 23% 26% 25 25% 24% July . . . . . . . . 2814 26% 25 23 26 23 26% 25% August . . . . . 28% 27% 28% 24% 24% 23 26% 26 September . . 32% 28% 29% 26% 27% 24% 28% 26% October . . . . . .32% 32% 28 26% 28% 26% 30 2814 November ... 32% 30% 27 26 28% 27 30% 28% Reviewing the Dairy Produce Trade for the year ending 30th June, 1915, W. Weddel & Co., Ltd., of London, Eng., says:—Several unusual and interesting features stand out with great prominence. Conspicuous among these is the enormous decrease in the total import of butter, which was only 190,390 tons, against 213,434 tons in 1914. This reduction of 23,044 tons, or 10.8 per cent., in one year is the greatest on record; and the total was 32,400 tons below the year 1911, when arrivals reached their maximum of 222,790 tons. The import of butter into the United Kingdom was the smallest for the past thirteen years. As a direct effect of this, the average of prices realized for all varieties was unprecedentedly high. The range in quota- tions for the past twelve months was also abnormal, extending from 102s. per cwt. in July, 1914, up to 158s. in May, 1915, with rapid fluctuations month by month. What is also peculiar about the high price of butter is that it was not confined to the markets in the United Kingdom, but was found throughout Europe, in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and, to some extent, in the United States and Canada. The unsettlement in the trade of the world must be attributed mainly to the dis- locations caused by the outbreak of war early in August, 1914, when the year under review had barely commenced. The high prices in this country had their origin chiefly in the uncer- tainty and the irregularity of arrivals of dairy produce from our Dominions in the southern Ocean, and also from belligerent and neutral Countries, such as Russia, France, Denmark and Sweden. The increases in the price of butter were as follows: Australian, 17.6 per cent. ; New Zealand, 17.3 per cent.; Danish, 14.8 per cent.; Siberian, 17.9 per cent., and French, 6.5 per cent. Dairy farmers in all countries except, perhaps, in Siberia, THE BUTTER BUSINESS 119 who export their produce to the British markets, must have had a most prosperous year. Their expenses in the cost of production, such as foodstuffs, labour, etc., have not risen in anything like the same degree as have the raw materials of most other trades. Dairy produce has cost very little more to produce, while the prices of butter, practically for the whole of the year, and cheese, during the last half of the year, have risen enormously. At the end of June butter was about 30 per cent. and cheese 50 per cent. above the levels of twelve months ago. It is true that freights of butter and cheese as well as war risks have increased the cost of market- ing, especially from Australia and New Zealand, but to nothing like the extent to which values have increased. Incidentally Underwriters against war risks must consider themselves for- tunate, inasmuch as the total amount of dairy produce from Australia and New Zealand sunk by enemy craft was only six tons of butter and 304 tons of cheese in the Kaipara and Toko- maru, out of shipments of 40,000 tons of butter and 33,500 tons of cheese, on which war risk premiums of about £80,000 at an average of 1 per cent. On the value were paid. The effects of the dislocation in the shipping of butter referred to above are well illustrated by the case of our allies, Russia and France. Owing to the geographical position of Russia more than half of the shortage was due to that Country, whose exports of Siberian and Finnish butter to British markets show a reduction of 14,519 tons. With the shipping ports in the Baltic Sea closed by the German fleet, the Black Sea sealed by the Dardanelles, and her only northern port of shipment, Archangel, closed by ice during the winter months, it is only surprising that supplies from Russia were not reduced to a greater extent. A Canadian ice breaker kept the port of Archangel open successfully for some months longer than usual; and but for an unfortunate accident to this vessel, which led to the port being suddenly frozen up, it is possible that Siberian butter would have continued to arrive all through the winter. Before the war, Siberia regularly supplied German markets with many thousand tons every year. Whether any of this supply has reached Germany through neutral countries it is 120 THE BUTTER BUSINESS impossible to ascertain definitely, but as the Swedish butter sent to our markets in the past year was reduced by 10,000 tons and Danish by 6,680 tons, it seems probable that, if Ger- many secured little or no Siberian, its requirements were partly filled from Sweden and Denmark. Regarding France, a very different state of affairs existed. French butter shipped to this country shewed an increase of 6,323 tons or 55 per cent. Over the previous year, and the price of French butter was, during the great part of the year, relatively lower than any other variety in our markets. This may be accounted for by the fact that, before the war France had supplied a considerable amount of butter to countries other than the United Kingdom, to Belgium, and probably to Germany itself, as that country for some years previously had been compelled to import butter owing to its inability to supply its home requirements, while since the outbreak of war the reduced population in her north eastern provinces were unable to draw any supplies from the main sources of production in Western France. The British market thus became almost the only outlet for the surplus produce of Normandy and Brittany. - Australian Imports.-Unsatisfactory climatic conditions' in the Commonwealth caused a shortage in the quantity of Australian butter sent to this country: Victoria alone was 6,537 tons below 1914; Queensland fell below the previous year by 732 tons, and South Australia sent only 2 tons, against 238 tons in 1913–14. New South Wales alone increased her exports by 3,277 tons. The Dominion of New Zealand had another fairly good year, the total export being 17,920 tons, which, besides being 1,311 tons in excess of 1914, was also the largest total on record. Australian.-The quality of Australian butter for the past season was hardly equal to that of the previous year, which evinced considerable improvement over the year 1912-13. This was doubtless due to the generally droughty conditions pre- vailing in the Commonwealth, New South Wales being the only State where climatic conditions were more favourable than in 1913–14. Victoria suffered most from depreciation in quality, fishiness being the principal defect, though a considerable THE BUTTEE BUSINESS 121 amount was found on arrival to be heated, which may have been caused by the difficulty in securing freight and consequent delay in shipment. The congestion and slow delivery in Lon- don doubtless added somewhat to the injury. However, taking everything into consideration, under the abnormal conditions brought about by the war and the drought, the quality generally was as good as could be reasonably expected. New Zealand.—New Zealand butter showed considerable improvement all round, fishiness being practically unknown, which tends to support the theory that this serious defect is epidemic in character, having for its cause climatic conditions specially favourable to the increase of certain micro-organisms; for it is difficult to believe that butter makers generally are more inefficient in one year than in another. Instances of expert butter-making, however, did occur, and odd cases were reported during the past season of excessive moisture being found. This cannot be charged to micro-organisms. Where excess of moisture is found to persist the only remedy is to employ another butter-maker, for no greater danger to the prestige of New Zealand butter can be conceived, and it ought to be drastically dealt with. The following shows the importations of other butter into the United Kingdom for the Canadian and past decade:– 1898 . . Year * New Total ended Can - Aus- Zea- Colo- TJnited Den- Total Grand June 30. ada. tralia. land. nial. States. mark. Foreign. Total. 1915. . . . 443 21,848 17,290, 40,211 82,258 150,179 190,390 1914. . . . 41 26,076 16,609 42,726 88,935 170,708 213,434 1913 . . . . . . . 26,414 13,416 39,830 . . . 82,546 159,840, 199,310 1912 . . . . 2,997 33,677 16,183 52,857 795 80,398 147,338 200,195 1911 . . . . 776 44,395 15,852 61,023 538 88,379 161,767 222,790 1910. . . . 1,162 28,770 16,705 46,637 4 84,632 164,327 210,964 1909 . . . . 2,386 16,180 13,631 32,197 1,201 93,050, 178,378 210,575 1908 . . . . 1,862 22,396 11,492 35,750 884 91,248 165,384 210,134 1907 . . . . 8,220 34,023 14,852 57,095 3,367 87,273 162,182 219,277 1906. . . . 15,145 26,950 15,177 57,275 8,445 81,261 158,221 215,493 1905. . . . 12,847 23,368 15,667 51,882 2,367 83,520, 152,015 2013,897 1904. . . . 9,879 19,655 15,836 45,370 2,190 88,150, 173,573 218,343 1903. . . 13,238 1,053 9,575 23,866 2,490 88,903 176,320, 200,136 1902. . . . 11,491 7,449 8,295 27,235 4,894 82,757 160,672 187,907 1901. . . . 7,532 15,556 8,912 32,000 6,000 75,664 143,459 175,459 1900. . . . 11,932 17,653 7,949 37,534 4,379 71,708 133,957 171,491 1899 . . . . 3,151 9,764 4,52.8 22,443 5,783 74,977 142,193 164,630 5,962 7,337 3,933 17,732 5,772 69,051 141,426 159,158 122 TELE BUTTER IBUSINESS NEW ZEALAND DAIRY OUTPUT. The dairying industry of New Zealand is now represented by fully £5,000,000 of exports, and the trade is making an astonishing growth. This has been a bad producing year on account of the unprecedented dry weather; nevertheless, the growth may be seen in the following tables of exports given years ending March 31st — Butter. Cwt. #9. 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,238 263,241 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,792 693,701 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ö 342,853 1,514,156 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322,070 1,635,373 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367,496 1,878,320 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,282 1,776,440 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369,008 2,058,683 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395,169 2,140,019 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.17,138 2,999,473 Cheese. . CW t. - 39 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,650 160,338 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,001 208,258 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,421 180,874 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441,787 1,186,708. 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456,371 1,222,364 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463,610. 1,297,088 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634,170 1,859,179 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782,371 2,195,278 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791,605 2,387,828 NEW ZEALAND BUTTER EXPORTS. The following table shows the exports of butter from New Zealand to the United States and Canada from September 1st, 1914, to June 1st, 1915, with comparison:- Butter, IButter, pkgS. pkgs. 1914-15. 1913–14. Septemſber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,786 10,073 October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,950 22,062 November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,850 21,258 December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,510 28,938 January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,460 32,888 February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,900 16,701 March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,640 11,606 April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,875 3,093 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,971 155,901 THE BUTTER BUSINESS 123 From the above table it will be seen that the shipments of butter from New Zealand to the Pacific Coast were about 100,000 packages less during the season of 1914-15 than for the season 1913–14. EXPORTS TO UNITED KINGDOM, During the same period the exports of butter to the United Kingdom were as follows:– Butter, Butter, pkgs. pkgs. - 1914-15. 1913-14. September . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,885 6,597 October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,042 42,880 November . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,729 56,268 December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185,014 196,454 January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,413 152,726 February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,805 86,571 March . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,001 61,062 April . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,703 7,740 May . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 837 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697,740 611,136 These figures demonstrate that the butter which previously went to the United States and Canada, during the last season went to the United Kingdom to supply the extra demand created by the war. At the end of May there were 48,349 packages of butter in cold storage stock, as against 89,895 packages at the same time last year, and 66,390 packages in 1913. New Quebec Station-Canadian Pacific Railway DOes the Summer’s Heat Affect Your Business? THERE ARE WAYS TO PREVENT IT Why not investigate them now P Whether it is in storage or in processes of manufacture, TROUBLE FROM H E AT CAN B E E L IM IN AT E D |º : iº, ~ . sº&Bs gi §§.ºx š § Så § º § §[. º- Model plant at Woodland Dairy, Edmonton, Alta. Our Engineering Service can find the Plant best adapted to your needs. Ask them now The Linde Canadian Refrigeration Co. Limited 37 ST. PETER STREET :: :: MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER Montreal the Leader N important factor in the exports of dairy produce this year is the fact that the shipments of cheese from the port of New York for the eleven months ending November 30th, 1915, were the largest for the past fourteen years, the total being 26,599,063 pounds, as compared with 2,927,000 pounds for the same period in 1914, showing the handsome increase of 23,672,063 pounds; but, at the same time, when these figures are compared wih the exports from the port of Mont- real for only seven months, ending November 30th, 1915, they show an enormous decrease, as the shipments for the above period mentioned amounted to 151,841,942 pounds, as against 121,568,116 pounds for the corresponding period last year, showing an increase of 30,273,826 pounds. On the other hand, New York this year, as well as for several years past, holds the lead in the export butter business, and it is pleasing to note that her shipments for the past eleven months, ending Novem- ber 30th, 1915, were the largest for the past eight years, the 126 - MONTREAL THE LEADER total exports amounting to 7,190,331 pounds, as compared with 1,864,000 pounds for the same period last year, showing an increase of 5,326,331 pounds. There was also a marked increase in the exports of butter from the port of Montreal this season, but still they were over fifty per cent smaller than those from New York, the total shipments being 3,054,920 pounds, as against 408,800 pounds for the season 1914, show- ing an increase of 2,646,120 pounds. From New York the exports for a period of years during an eleven months’ period ending November 30, are as follows:— Butter, lbs. Cheese, lbs. 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,190,331 26,599,063 1914. . . . . & e º e s e e s e º e º e e s is 2,927,000 1,864,000 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,459,000 1,232,000 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,232,100 2,331,060 1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,638,400. 9,424,581 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,958,550 2,276,343 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528,750 4,353,000 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,576,250 11,892,060 1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,617,410 11,541,140 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,355,900 23,474,040 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,296,500 12,889,860 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,295,500 22,170,060 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,526,750 25,991,680 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,332,305 21,467,440 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,990,290 30,542,560 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,431,950 45,192,300 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,410,250 30,423,320 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,114,450 30,262,550 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,817,500 48,742,890 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,113,155 39,011,314 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,464,752 38,212,327 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,608,214 62,956,637 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331,611 59,275,787 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,970,420 80,536,340 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,468,545 70,849,871 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,042,823 79,735,544 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,981,917 77,643,238 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,264,822 82,677,061 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,245,545 80,176,258 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,057,187 85,959,622 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,306,985 91,771,106 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,883,540 103,958,569 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,612,679 109,485,199 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,212,934 105,946,726 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,859,485 140,856,149 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,030,908 129,524,180 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,464,753 136,665,047 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,394,717 145,486,910 MONTREAL THE LEADER 127 The following show the exports of cheese and butter from Montreal for a period of years:— Cheese, boxes. Butter, plºgs. 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,851,731 54,495 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482,538 7,300 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571,165 1,728 1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,021 70 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810,666 134,503 1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,892,235 27,884 1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,872,215 39,443 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,785,696 93,416 1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,973,417 66,773 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,227,838 361,400 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121,101 573,449 1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,639 490,300 1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,395,932 338,277 1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109,171 539,845 1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,791,613 410,893 1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077,482 356,563 1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,896,496 451,050 1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888,785 278,922 1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,102,985 225,268 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,226 157,321 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,716,007 69,664 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726,058 32,137 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,682,946 76,914 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,608,353 103,139 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,352,670 81,801 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,486,220 30,142 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157,854 41,957 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134,349 16,528 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,104,065 60,353 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891,065 54,263 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076,601 66,545 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108,448 108,137 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859,812 92,764 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677,211 64,620 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551,847 130,481 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507,009 194,366 1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518,249 180,322 1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467,676 106,899 The Canadian Bag Company, Limited JUTE AND COTTON BAGS Importers of TWINE, HESSIANS, CANVAS, Etc. MANUFACTURERS OF Head Office MONTREAL, 427 St. Patrick Street TORONTO, 5-21 Defries St. WINNIPEG, 831 Henry Ave. The Utmost in Quality and Appearance PALL MALL FAM 0 US C I GARETTES are sold in the best Clubs, Hotels and Tobacco Stores; also carried on the principal Steamship lines of the world The favorites at all banquets | N AT TRACTIVE RED BOX ES OF TE N. ORDINARY SIZE THE KING'S SIZE A Shilling in London A long after-dinner smoke A Quarter here 35c. per package The Export Egg Trade WING to the War O and the fact that the United Kingdom has been practically cut off from receiving her usual supply of eggs from Russia, Austria and far Eastern points there has been a good demand from English importers for Canadian eggs this year, and quite an active business has resulted in this direction, as the total exports from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 amounted to over 279,000 cases, as compared with over 112,000 cases in 1914, showing an increase of over 167,000 cases, while there were no shipments made in the years 1912 and 1913, and in 1911 only 3,723 cases were exported, but fifteen years ago the exports amounted to 237,000 cases, but then prices were much more reasonable than they are to-day. A number of years ago English buyers came over to Canada in the spring of the year and con- tracted for large quantities of April eggs, which were considered the best keepers, to be stored and shipped in the fall. These eggs were put into vats and pickled in lime, costing dealers here from 8c to 10c per dozen. Since that time the pickling of eggs in vats has been almost entirely discontinued and super- seded by cold storage preservation. Last spring eggs went into cold storage at a cost of about 21c per dozen for April first- half of May eggs. If farmers could make a profit in the times above referred to, surely it will pay them now that prices have more than doubled. There is an unlimited demand in England for Canadian eggs at present, and sales of select storage April stock were made towards the end of the season at 30c, 31c and 32c per dozen. The season on the whole has been a very satisfactory one to Canadian packers and exporters, and the 130 THE EXPORT EGG TRADE prospects at the time of writing are very encouraging for the future. Previous to the passing of the McKinley tariff in 1890, Canada exported large quantities of eggs to the United States, the largest single export in any one year being over 14,000,000 dozen in 1888. Following 1890, exports to the United States gradually fell off, and Canadian produce men turned their attention to the British market. Exports to Britain steadily increased year by year until the maximum was reached in the years 1901 and 1902, when in each year between 11,000,000 and 12,000,000 dozen were shipped, as compared to some 30,000 to 40,000 dozen shipped to the United States. Great Britain continued to take the surplus for a number of years, but, owing to increased consumption at home, the export trade gradually fell off, until the year 1914, when it was resumed again on account of the war and the increased scarcity of supplies in the United Kingdom. The following table shows the exports of eggs from the port of Montreal for the season 1915, to the different foreign markets with comparisons:— 1915. 1914. 1911. 1908. 1907. 1906. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Liverpool . . . . . . . 77,705 35,576 3,223 3,223 5,094 23,148 London . . . . . . . . . 50,338 28,501 11:0 1,750 1,080 3,916 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . 7,211 4,024 tº gº tº 400 1,763 9,721 Glasgow . . . . . . . . 131,972 41,055 390 5,367 18,161 28,473 Manchester . . . . . 11,953 3,358 35 Leith . . . . . . . . . . . 700 * * * * 250 South Africa . 1,735 4,110 Aberdeen . . . . . . . 100. 50 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . 100. Total . . . . . . . 279,879 112,604 3,723 10,740 27,933 69,803 READ Gſ FO R. E. EST he (ſā azette ºf R E F O R T S FOUNTAIN PEN SAVES THE DIP 1 N THE IN K-WELL Although writing is a practice that one cultivates all his life, there had never been a notable step in inn- proving the means of doing it until the invention of Waterman's Ideals. This pen effectively combines point, ink and holder into one implement which is convenient and safe to carry in the pocket. Prices $2.50 and up. Avoid substitutes. Try Waterman's Ideals at your Dealers L. E. Waterman Company, Limited, Montreal º º º º º º - - º - º º --- º C. B. ESDAILE NORMAN WIGHT WIG HT & ESIDA I LED Grain & Freight Brokers *_ _º_ _*. -º- -º- -º- -º- -º- -º & "º" ºr "& "º "GT ºr "º" vº ******** ***** **** ROOMS 305, 306 and 307 B O A R D OF T R A D E B UIL DIN G. M O N T R E A L The Export Grain Trade LTHOUGH we have to record a much smaller export grain trade from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 as compared with the previous one, it has been above the average for the past twenty-six years, with the exception of one, which should be considered a very satisfactory showing when the general condition of the trade in such times that have prevailed since war was declared in August, 1914, are --in-a-ri - º § º- º º ºu. º Oatfield Ranch, Western Canada—Grand T runk Pacific Railway taken into consideration. The decline in the volume of busi- ness in this department of the trade of Canada was by no means due to any fault of the port, as it now has all the accommodation desired for handling all the grain that can possibly come this way. Nor can it be attributed to the high rates for ocean freight, although they did rule from 4s to 8s 6d per quarter higher than the season 1914, but even then the demand throughout the season was generally in excess of the supply, consequently the decrease in the shipments of grain was entirely due to the lack of ocean room, and, in conse- quence, millions and millions of bushels had to be diverted 134 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE | | Grand Trunk Elevator at Windmill Point, Montreal. Capacity: 2,150,000 bushels from this port to United States ports. The principal decrease in the exports from here was in wheat, there being only about 35,000,000 bushels shipped, as compared with over 60,000,000 bushels last year. The demand from English importers for Manitoba spring wheat during the first three months of the season was somewhat limited, owing to the fact that supplies carried over from the 1914 crop were comparatively small, and, in consequence, prices were very much higher than Ameri- can winter wheat, consequently Canadian exporters could not compete with the latter. At the same time, they sold a large amount of American wheat, and when the conditions of the markets changed in August, and Canadian new crop wheat could be bought by English importers for future delivery at less money than American wheat, an enormous business was done in it right up to the close of navigation here, and for shipment during the winter months from St. John, N.B., Port- land, and other United States ports. A feature of the season was the action of the Dominion Government on November 27th, 1915, commandeering 16,000,000 bushels of No. 1, No. THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 135 2 and No. 3 Northern Manitoba spring wheat in elevators at Fort William and at all ports east of that point, which created quite a little excitement in export circles as well as upsetting the general course of business for a few days, when all the difficulties were finally settled satisfactorily to all concerned, and business went on as usual. The area sown to wheat in Canada this year was the largest on record, it amounting to 12,896,000 acres, which showed an increase of 14.8 per cent as compared with the area sown in 1914, and the yield of the crop was 336,000,000 bushels, of which it is estimated that there will be over 228,000,000 bushels available for export after all home requirements have been satisfied. The Dominion Grain Commissioners’ statement, issued on December 16th, 1915, shows the following receipts and shipments at Port Arthur and Fort William from September 1st, 1915, to Decem- ber 13th, 1915: Receipts of wheat, 148,359,774 bushels; oats, 24,653,608 bushels; barley, 4,742,895 bushels, and flaxseed, 1,117,321 bushels. Shipments for the same period last year: Wheat, 142,599,936 bushels; oats, 22,625,727 bushels; barley, 4,090,674 bushels, and flaxseed, 1,633,099 bushels. The ship- ments to Canadian ports amounted to 42,619,417 bushels wheat, 16,675,736 bushels oats, and 2,095,525 bushels barley, while the shipments to United States ports were 98,535,093 bushels wheat, 3,645,544 bushels oats, 1,834,273 bushels barley, and 1,291,547 bushels flaxseed. The highest price paid for wheat Canadian Northern Terminals and Waterfront, Port Arthur, Ontario -Canadian Northern Railway 136 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE in Winnipeg during the season was on May 5th, when the cash article sold at $1.65 per bushel. On July 2nd, 1870, just before war was declared between France and Germany, No. 2 wheat in New York sold at $1.30 per bushel. On July 16th, the day after war was declared, it sold at $1.34 per bushel, and during the following week it sold at $1.50 per bushel. In September prices reacted to $1.18 per bushel, and in December of that year sold at $1.37 per bushel. By that time France was prostrate and Germany was triumphant. In February news was received of the surrender of Paris, and wheat advanced to $1.58 per bushel. Seemingly, peace The Chateau Laurier and New Central Station, Ottawa–Grand Trunk Railway System declared between these nations made wheat of greater value than it was in time of war. From a financial point of view, Canadian exporters state that the season of 1915 was a fairly satisfactory one, although none of them done the same amount of business as in 1914. The total exports of all kinds of grain for the season 1915 amounted to 43,166,771 bushels, as compared with 74,068,938 bushels for last year, showing a decrease of 30,902,167 bushels. Of the above total quantity, there were 34,319,628 bushels of wheat exported, which shows a decrease of 26,298,429 bushels as compared with 1914, while oats show a decrease of 1,142,570 bushels, and barley a decrease of 3,096,001 bushels. There were also 166,375 bushels of corn shipped, as against nil for last season. The following table shows the volume of business done by grain exporters and their representatives during the season 1915, from the port of Montreal:— Thomson & Earle. . . . . . . . . Melady & Company . . . . . . . Jas. Carruthers & Co., Ltd. Jas. Richardson Sons, Ltd. Barnes, Ames Co. . . . . . . . . . British Empire Grain Co., Limited E. R. Wayland & Co. . . . . . . Can.-American Grain, Ltd.. Alex. McFee & Co., Ltd... Quintal & Lynch, Ltd. . . . . H. Johnston Sundry shippenS GOvernment • 2 e º e º 'º e º e º e º s e * e - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * e s e º 'º º Wheat, COrn, PeaS, Bush. Bush. Bush. 13,913,945 166,375 . . . . . . 5,898,627 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,166,202 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,401,807 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,210,703 . . . . . . . . . . . . J,486,987 . . . . . . . . . . . . 964,053 . . . . . . . . . . . . 615,777 . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,681 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,986 . . . . . . . . . . . . e e e o e s ∈ e º e º 'º 18,194 293,860 . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,319,628 166,375 18,194 60,618,057 . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,252,893 50,821 . . . . . . 30,971,057 . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,122,042 5,890,674 9,166 20,239,412 2,700,638 28,168 25,939,705 479,496 57,810 28,303,982 317,641 273,373 21,148,592 4,804,893 179,677 14,469,187 4,602,085 130,335 10,579,035 5,745,489 47,930 7,425,308 3,969,028 136,505 15,891,946 7,269,171 226,755 16,951,132 237,328 406,543 13,630,801 4,087,964 691,202 10,510,467 11,888,534 1,666,711 10,198,927 13,709,538 1,272,701 Buck- Flax- Oats, Barley, Rye, wheat, seed, Total, Bush. Bush. Eush Eush. Bush. 1915. e e e s tº 6 62,500 © e º e - tº e e º e º 'º . . . . . . 14,142,820 47,479 83,870 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,029,976 - e º 'º - e. 486,819 - - e º - - e - - - - - - a e - © tº 4,653,021 98,687 498,009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,998,503 • e e s e e s e e s e e º e s e e s e º 'º e º e º 'º e º 'º e 3,210,703 • e e s e e e a e e s e e s s a e s e º e < * * * * * * * * 1,486,987 25,000 74,988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,064,041 192,865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808,642 e e º e º e e º e º s a e e º e º ºs e º 'º e º 'º e º 'º e º º 327,681 28,235 81,295 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,516 © tº tº º º º 7 * * * tº tº e º 'º e tº e º tº ſº º e tº e º 'º e 109,533 e e s a e s e e a e s e e s e e º e s e e s e e e s e s e e 18,194 6,873,294 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,167,154 7,265,560 1,397,014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,166,771 8,408,130 4,493,015 366,460 . . . . . . 183,276 74,068,938 7,255,622 5,181,484 210,808 . . . . . . 8,253,544 54,205,172 6,523,969 1,214,934 169,170 . . . . . . 39,134 38,918,264 5,783,043 60,707 . . . . . . 25,911 16,290. 29,898,184 3,304,588 445,319 . . . . . . 141,143 . . . . . . 26,859,268 473,048 583,020 67,889 192,651 165,776 27,959,395 205,647 1,266,067 333,682 65,763 654,563 31,421,082 4,113,459 858,316 144,895 48,903 1,484,283 32,783,018 3,147,268 1,032,586 105,148 150,276 3,175,722 26,812,607 2,661,537 2,276,830 121,023 37,797 . . . . . . 13,455,413 1,253,693 836,864 4,972 112,043 . . . . . . 13,455,413 1,119,262 295,523 594,799 76,151 115,569 25,588,906 1,850,005 246,336 895,763 163,452 354,471 21,105,080 2,239,638 597,645 765,422 89,383 670,399 22,923,394 4,684,490 1,096,945 554,720 306,621 113,423 30,721,951 4,000,986 1,118,115 403,600 168,756 732,916 31,191,551 'The following table shows the exports Of grain from the port of Montreal to the different foreign ports from May 1st, 1915, to the close of navigation 1915, with Comparisons: — Wheat Bush. London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,803,828 Avonmouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,700,390 Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,615,052 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,655,010 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,408,314 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,319,704 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,926 Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596,809 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286,387 Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lisbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228,336 Naples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,696 Trieste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bordeaux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,333,555 Oporto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dunston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409,732 Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Buttermans Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spezia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * Limerick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sunderland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,658 Tyne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Havre . . . . . . ‘e e º s e e s is a e e s e e 242,800 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,689,587 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,056,820 Dartmouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455,672 Barry Dock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603,071 Nantes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,000 Gibraltar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220,896 Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,385 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,319,628 Corn Bush. Oats Bush. 292,787 & º & tº º is tº e tº e º gº e g º e º e º 'º º ºs tº & s & © e º e º tº e º 'º º e tº e º e º is & ſº e º & e e º e e g º e º 'º º º e º ºs e e º 'º gº tº gº tº $ gº gº is e º e º 'º º e º ſº & e º e º 'º tº tº º G & & ë e º e º 'º & e º e º & tº e º 'º e º e º e º e e tº gº º e º º e º e º 'º e º ºs e º a $ e e g º 'º e º e º 'º tº º e e is a e º & © tº e º is tº e º e º gº & © tº e º ſº e e º 'º e º ºs e º 'º e º e e e º e º e g º e º º * * * * e tº e º ſº tº e ſº tº e º is e º e º ºs º gº tº tº e º e º ſº e º 'º e º º tº gº tº e º 'º e º 'º º tº ge tº e s tº ſº tº º º ſº e º º e e s e º ſe e º 'º e º 'º * @ tº º ſº ſº tº ºi º º tº © tº ſº tº e º tº º tº º º º & º ſº gº º tº gº tº tº tº e tº e º e º e & e º 'º e º & e º tº e º º G & © e e tº e e º 'º e g º 'º e º º tº e º 'º tº tº € e º O e º tº e º 'º º ſº e tº e º e º e º 'º e º gº 166,375 7,265,560 Barley Bush. Peas Bush. Rye Bush. Flax. Bush. Total 1915 Total 1914 108,253 15,466 . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,220,334 12,227,995 348,360 1,064 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,103,429 11,001,075 557,799 394 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,293,460 5,832,545 68,333 1,314 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,744,681 5,683,363 57,092 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,597,406 5,279,557 * * * * * * * s e e º e º e e s a e º e s ∈ e s 2,319,704 6,350,293 * * * * * * * s is e º e º e º ºs e e e s e e s e 207,926 5,227,456 * * * * * * * * * e e g º e s e º e e s e e s e º e º e º e 2,512,046 245,177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,841,986 3,193,070 * * * * * * * * g is º ºs e s ∈ e º e º is e º e e 1,286,387 927,309 e e º e º e º e º ºs e º e º e s a e º s º ºs e º ºs e º is is e 1,185,550 * * * * * * * * is e º e º is e º 'º e º º e º e º 'º e º 'º & © 1,073,109 * * * * * * * e º is © e º º ſº e g g tº º tº £ tº e º ºs e º 'º º 256,413 * * * * * * * * c e e º 'º e g e º 'º e º e º e º e º 'º º te ſº 761,500 12,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406,711 667,955 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e e º e º e º e º e a e e e s e 1,067,763 * e º e º 'º 430 * * g º º º * 5 g º & © 91,096 197,108 tº º e º e º º te e º 'º e º ºs e º e g tº e º s ºn tº e º 'º º s º 354,968 tº ſº tº e º e º 'º e s tº e º e º & tº e º ºs e e º 'º 1,333,555 1,552,168 * * * * * * * * s e e g º s e º is ſº t e o e s we e º 'º e º º 191,394 * c e s e e º ºs e e º 'º e º e º 'º º te e s ∈ e ºl 409,732 702,579 * * * * * * * * * * g º e º is e º e º 'º e º s tº $ tº e º e ºs 245,434 s & e º e º e s e e e º ºs e º e º e º is e s tº e º e º 'º e e 880,968 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s is sº e s is a e e 163,654 e e s e e s tº a e s a e a e s e º e º e s s e º is e s is e e 180,257 e e º e º ºs e º e º e º e is e e º e º e º 'º e º e º e º ſº e 174,250 tº s º is ſº º te is ſº tº e g º e e e º 'º e º e º e e 95,658 457,786 e is a e º 'º e º ºs e º 'º a e º e s is sº e º s = e º e º e º e 329,283 tº e º ºs e is 1,526 * * * g e g . . . . . . 5,326,559 1,431,478 tº s e e s tº e s sº e s tº e s e º e º ºs e e s a e º 'º e º e e 3,918,202 tº gº e º g º e º 'º e º $ tº e º e º 'º tº $ tº g º ſº 3,154,273 tº tº tº e º & * c e º & tº t e º ſº tº e s is e s e º is a s is e & 3,056,820 & e º 'º tº e * * g e º 'º tº e º e º e º e º e º 'º º is tº º te e 455,672 e º ºs e º ºs a sº e º e º º e º ºs e e º ºs e º e º sº e º e s tº 603,071 tº gº tº e º ſº tº e º e s e e e s e e is a s s e s tº t e º e s a 201,000 e tº s e e e a s g g g º ºs e e s s & e º c e s ∈ e º e º 'º º 220,896 tº e º 'º ſº º sº e g º g º e s is is e º & s is tº e º is tº e s tº gº 98,385 e e s e º 'º 1,397,014 18,194 . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,166,771 74,068,938 THE EN PORT G RAIN TRADE 139 OCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1915. The following table shows the fluctuations in Ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1915:— LIVERPOOL. PH.ULL. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . .... 7 0 to 8 3 May 7 0 to 8 0. June . . . . . . . . . 7 0 to S 6 June . . . . . . . . 7 0 to S 0 July . . . . . . . . . 7 9 to 8 3 July . . . . . . . . . 8 0 to S 0 August . . . . . . 6 6 to 9 0 August . . . . . . 8 0 to 9 0 September . . . 8 0 to 9 6 September . . . 8 0 to 9 0 October . . . . . 9 0 to 11 6 October . . . . . 9 0 to 11 0 NOvennber . . . 9 0 to 12 6 November . . . 11 6 to 13 3 LONDON. AVON MOUTH. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . , 3 3 to 9 0. May 7 6 to S 6 June . . . . . . . . . 6 6 to 7 6 June . . . . . . . . 7 6 to 9 0 July . . . . . . . . . 6 0 to 8 9 July . . . . . . . . . 7 6 to S 6 August . . . . . . 6 3 to 9 3 August . . . . . . 7 3 to 9 0 September . . . 8 0 to 10 0 September . . . 8 9 to 9 0 OCtober . . . . . 9 0 to 12 6 October . . . . . 8 9 to 12 0 NOvennber . . , 9 0 to 13 9 November . . . 9 0 to 13 6 GLASG.O.W. DUBLIN. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 6 6 to 8 3 May 6 0 to 7 6 June . . . . . . . . 7 9 to S 9 June . . . . . . . . 6 0 to 7 0 July . . . . . . . . . 8 3 to S 6 July . . . . . . . . . 6 9 to S 0 August . . . . . . 7 0 to 9 0 August . . . . . . 8 0 to 9 0 September . . 8 0 to 10 0 September . . . 8 6 to 9 6 October . . . . . 8 3 to 13 9 October . . . . . 10 6 to 12 0 November . . . 9 7% to 13 9 November . . . 13 0 to 13 0 MAN CHESTER. * LEITH. s. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 5 3 to 7 6 May 7 () to 7 () June . . . . . . . . 5 3 to 7 6 June . . . . . . . . 7 0 to 7 0 July . . . . . . . . . 7 6 to 7 6 July . . . . . . . . . 7 3 to S 3 August . . . . . . 6 9 to S 0 August . . . . . S 3 to S 6 September ... 8 0 to S 0 September . . . 8 10% to 9 6 October . . . . . 9 0 to 10 0 October . . . . . 9 3 to 12 9 November . . . 9 0 to 12 01/2 November . . . 10 0 to 13 6 140 TEIE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE OCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1914. The following table shows the fluctuations in Ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1914:- LIVERPOOL. HULL. S. d. S. d. S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 1 3 to 1 7%. May . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 0 0 June . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 0. June . . . . . . . . 2 0. to 0 0 July . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 6 July . . . . . . . . 2 0. to 2 4% August . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 6 August . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 6 September ... 2 1% to 2 9 September . . 2 3 to 2 9 October . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0. October . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0. November . . . . 2 10% to 5 0 November . . . 3 0 to 4 0 LONDON. LEITH. S. d. S. d. S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 1 3 to 1 7% May . . . . . . . . 1 71% to 1 10% June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 9 June . . . . . . . . 1 10.1% to 2 0 July . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 3 July . . . . . . . . 1 101/2 to 2 0 August . . . . . . 1 6 to 2 9 August . . . . . . 1 10% to 2 9 September ... 1 9 to 2 7% September . . 2 3 to 3 0 October . . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0 October . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 November . . . 3 0 to 3 6 November . . . 3 3 to 5 0 GLASGOW. D'UELIN. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 1 3 to 1 7% May . . . . . . . . 1 10% to 0 0 June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 7% June . . . . . . . . 1 10% to 0 0 July . . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 9 July . . . . . . . . 1 10% to 2 0 August . . . . . . 1 74% to 2 0 August . . . . . . 1 10% to 2 0 September ... 1 9 to 2 10% September . . 2 6 to 0 0 October . . . . . 2 4% to 3 1% October . . . . . 3 3 to 0 (0 November . . . 3 1% to 5 3 November . . . 3 3 to 4 9 AVONMOUTH. CALAIS. S. d. s. d S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . . 1 3 to 2 0. May . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 0 0 June . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 2 0. June . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 0 0 July . . . 1 10% to 2 6 July . . . . . . . . 2 4% to 2 74% August . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 7% August . . . . . 2 4% to 3 0 September ... 2 6 to 2 7.1% September . . 0 0 to 0 (0 October . . . . . 2 3 to 3 0. October . . . . . 0 0 to 0 0 November . . . 2 9 to 5 0 November 0 0 to 0 0 MANCHESTER. NEWCASTLE. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 6 S. d. S. d. June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 73% July . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 3 July . . . . . . . . ; : : : º August . . . . . . 2 71% to 0 0 August . . . . . . O | | | | | s.v., "... i ºz. . ; ; September ... * *... to 9 ° October . . . . . 2 0 to 2 9 October . . . . . 3 43% to 0 0 November . . . 2 9 to 3 6 November . . . 3 0 to 0 0 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 141 ROTTERDAM. ANTWERP S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 2 0. May . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 10%: June . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 2 0. June . . . . . . . . 1 6 to 1 10%: July . . . . . . . . 1 10% to 2 6 July . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 2 3 HAMBUIHG IHLAVFIE S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 1% May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 0 0 June . . . . . . . . 2 0. to 2 1% June . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 0 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 114 to 2 6 July . . . . . . . . 2 9. to 0 (0 The highest rate paid during the season 1914 from the port of Montreal was 7s per quarter for a full cargo of grain for shipment to the Mediterranean ports and 5s 6d to 5s 9d. per quarter to London. OCEAN GRAIN FREIGHTS FOR SEASON 1913. The following table shows the fluctuations in ocean grain freights from the port of Montreal for the season 1913:— LIVERPOOL. - LEITH. S. d S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 3 May . . . . . . . . 3 13% to 3 7%. June . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0. June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to 3 71%. July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0. July . . . . . . . . 2. 9 to 3 6 August . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 August . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 September . . 1 9 to 2 9 September . . . . . . . . to . . . . . tº- October . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 October . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0. November . . . 2 0. to 3 0. November . . . 2 9 to 3 () LONDON DUBLIN S. d. S. d. S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 0 May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 1%- June . . . . . . . . 2 41% to 3 0. June . . . . . . 3 11% to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . 2 74% to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 August . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 August . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 () September 2 0 to 2 6 September . . 2 6 to . . . . . &- October . . . . . 1 101/3 to 3 0 October . . . . . 2 73% to 3 3 November 2 0 to 3 0. Novemſber 2 74% to 3 3 GLASGOW. AVONMOUTH. S. d. s. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 71% to 3 0 May . . . . . . . . 2 6 to 3 9 June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0. June . . . . . . . . 2 10% to 3 9. July . . . . . . . . 2 3 to 2 9 July . . . . . . . . 1 9 to 3 3. August . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 9 August . . . . . . 1 9 to 3 13%, September 2 3 to 2 9 September 2 9 to 3 0. October . . . . . 2 3 to 2 6 October . . . . . 2 11% to 3 0. November . . . 2 0 to 2 5 Novemſber . . . 2 3 to 2 73%. 142 THE EXPORT G RAIN TRADE MAN CHESTER. HAMBURG. S. d S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . May . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 3 0. to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . 2 10.1% to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 2 11/2 to 2 6 August . . . . . . 2 0 to 2 6 August . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . September . . 1 9 to 2 9 September . . 2 4% to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 0. to 3 0. October . . . . . 2 6 to . . . . . . November . . . 2 6 to 3 0 November . . . 2 6 to . . . . . . EHULL CALAIS. S. d S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 6 May . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 6 June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 4% July . . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . August . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 August . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . September .. 3 0 to 3 3 September . . . . . . . to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 October . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 November . . . 2 4 /2 to 3 3 November . . . 2 9 to 3 6 ANTWERP. E.E.L.F.A.ST. S. d. S. d S. d S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 May . . . . . . . . 3 3 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 June . . . . . . . . . 3 3 to 3 4% July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 3 July . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 August . . . . . . 2 9 to . . . . . . August . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 0 September . . 3 0 to . . . . . . September . . 2 7% to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 1 % to 3 0 October . . . . . 2 7% to 2 9 November . . . 2. 6 to 3 3 November . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . ROTTERIDAM. FHAVEE. S. d. S. d. S. d. S. d. May . . . . . . . . 2 9 to 3 1% May . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . June . . . . . . . . 2 7% to 3 0 June . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . July . . . . . . . . 2 0 to 3 0 July . . . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . August . . . . . . 3 0 to 3 3 August . . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . September . . 2 41% to 3 3 September . . 3 6 to . . . . . . October . . . . . 2 6 to 3 3 October . . . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . NOvenber . . . 2 6 to 2 73% November . . . 3 6 to . . . . . . G. A. B E A U LIEU Q RA. IN B. R O K E R Sole Agent for “CANUCK PRODUCTS” of The Chisholm Milling Co. Limited, Toronto BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING :: MONTREAL ONTARIO's GRAIN CROPS OF 1915. The following statement gives the area and yields of the principal grain crops in the Province of Ontario for 1915. The areas have been compiled from individual returns of farmers, and the yields by a special staff in each township in addition to the regular crop correspondents of the Provincial Department of Agriculture. The returns show an appreciable increase in all the crops over 1914, both in total yield and the yield per acre. The total yield of Fall wheat shows an increase of 10,403,463 bushels over that of 1914; spring wheat, an increase of 1,270,524 bushels; barley, an increase of 1,796,375 bushels; oats, an increase of 16,653,630 bushels; rye, an increase of 894,980 bushels; buckwheat, an increase of 26,945 bushels, and mixed grains, an increase of 2,607,059 bushels. - The statement follows:— 1915 — Yield 1914 Average yield Yield. per acre Yield Yield per acre for ACreage. bushel. bushel. bushel. per a Cre. past 34 years. Fall Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811,158 24,737,011 30.5 14,333,548 20. 9 21.3 Spring Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,142 3,439,949 21.2 2,169,425 18. 3 16.1 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552,318 19,893,129 36. 0 18,096,754 31.2 28. 1 Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,871,755 120,217,952 41.9 103,564,322 37.3 35.9 Rye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,736 3,210,512 18.5 2,315,532 16.7 16.5 Buckwheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193,497 4,278,366 22. 1 4,251,421 24.0 20.7 Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,943 2,043,049 16.1 2,609,585 14.7 19.1 Mixed grains. . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * 475,738 19,461,609 40. 9 16,854,550 36.9 35. 3 144 THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE FINAL RETURNS OF CANADIAN CROP OF 1914. The final returns of the wheat crop of the three Western Provinces for the crop year 1914-15 ending August 31st last show the actual return to have amounted to 136,657,274 bushels wheat. These returns, compiled by the Winnipeg “Free Press,” are made up as follows:– Bushels. Wheat inspected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,406,250 Less crop of 1913 in farmers' hands, Sept. 1st, 1914. . . 500,000 Less amount allowed by inspection office for dual inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000,000 106,806,250 Wheat in country elevators, August 31st, 1915. . . . . . . . 575,000 Wheat in farmers' hands at August 31st, 1915. . . . . . . . 500,000 Wheat marketed at Winnipeg uninspected. . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 Wheat milled in country mills west of Winnipeg, unin- Spected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,496,024 Wheat in transit on September 1st, 1915, probably. . . . 200,000 Wheat used for seed and feed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,000,000 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,657,274 The amount of coarse grains inspected was very Small, being:— - Bushels. Oats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,839,700 Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,953,000 Flax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,001,000 In view of the fact that the West did not have sufficient oats and barley above these inspections to supply its own feed and seed requirements, it is probable that the estimate of 150,000,000 of oats and 29,000,000 of barley were too high. The fact that 4,001,000 bushels of flax were inspected shows that the estimate of 5,250,000 bushels could not have been seriously out of line, as at least 327,268 bushels must have been used for seed and probably nearly as much more was feed. The allowance for seed wheat may look small in view of the reported increase in acreage, but it is two bushels per acre for the provincial estimates of acreage. As a matter of fact, very few farmers seeded more than a bushel and a half this year, and the great majority confined themselves to a bushel and a peck, owing to the high price of seed and the desire to put in many acres. There has probably never been a year in THE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE 145 the West when so little wheat was fed on farms, feed wheat brought too high a price. The prices at which the crop was sold are of special interest. Of the 106,806,250 inspected, 80,961,750 bushels were of contract grades, and, roughly speaking, it was a No. 2 northern crop. The average price of No. 2 northern wheat for the 12 months was $1.31% per bushel. It is evident, there- fore, that, taking the wheat crop as a whole, the value to the farmers was very much over $1.00 per bushel, and, indeed, must have run very close to $1.20. Being a cheap crop to harvest and thresh, it was a very profitable one. “This looks good to me." —Grand Trunk System TELE WORLD’S WHEAT CROP IN 1915. In the following table is given the wheat crop estimates in quarters of eight bushels each, of all the principal wheat-producing countries, in 1915, according to the “Corn Trade News.” Official returns are taken when obtainable, excepting in certain cases where recognized commercial estimates are adopted in pre- ference. The returns represent the crops harvested in July-August of the years named, excepting in the cases of Argentina, Uruguay, Australasia, and Chili, which are harvested fifteen weeks subsequently, and in the case of India still somewhat later. For the current year forecasts only can be given for these five growers:— EUROPE— 1915-16. 1914-15. 1913–14. 1912–13. 1911-12. France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,000,000 39,600,000 38,900,000 41,700,000 40,000,000 Russia, 72 Governments (including Siberia.) 115,000,000 97,300,000 118,100,000 91,017,000 63,500,000 Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,000,000 13,100,000 19,120,000 21,670,000 22,100,000 Austria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,500,000 7,500,000 8,300,000 3,330,000 7,000,000 Croatia, and Slavonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500,000 1,000,000 2,110,000 1,410,000 1,850,000 Bosnia and Herzegovina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200,000 200,000 320,000 370,000 300,000 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,900,000 21,200,000 26,800,000 20,700,000 24,000,000 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,000,000 18,300,000 21,000,000 20,030,000 17,500,000 Spain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,000,000 14,500,000 13,800,000 14,000,000 18,682,000 Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 1,000,000. 700,000 700,000 1,200,000 Rumania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,400,000 5,800,000 10,000,000 10,600,000 11,400,000 Bulgaria and Rumelia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000,000 2,000,000 5,000,000 {5,500,000 8,500,000 Servia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800,000 1,000,000 1,378,000 2,044,100 1,800,000 Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 700,000 500,000 920,000 400,000 United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,200,000 7,800,000 7,100,000 7,175,000 7,987,000 Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,200,000 1,200,000 1,800,000 1,910,000 1,800,000 Holland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800,000 700,000 600,000 575,000 500,000 Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500,000 430,000 440,000 397,400 440,000 SWeden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800,000 900,000 913,000 976,000 1,037,000 : Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500,000 500,000 520,000 470,000 500,000 Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 34,000 35,000 39,000 30,000 Cyprus and Malta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 300,000 Total, Europe, qrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274,640,000 234,464,000 277,736,000 250,833,500 230,826,000 Total, bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,197,120,000 1,875,712,000 2,221,888,000 2,006,667,000 1,846,688,000 Uruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, America, Crs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, Australasia, qrs. . . . . . . . Total, bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total World's crop, qrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total world’s crop, bushels. . . . Total World’s crop, quintals. . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * … • * * * e e º 'º - 4 & e e - e º 'º e º º • e - e º ºs e e tº e s - e. e. e. e. * - e º 'º e º 'º - - - - - - - e. e - - - - - - - tº t e º e º 'º - - - - - - tº s & AMERICA– Canada. Argentina. Chili Mexico AFRICA— Algeria. Tunis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, Africa, qrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, bushels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ASIA— Total, Asia, qrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, bushels AUSTRALASIA— New South Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Queensland South Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tasmania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TO tal, Common Wealth . . . . . . . . NeW Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * An estimate for next March. º e º ºs e e - - - - - - - e & e º e - - - - - - tº º E tº º º e & © tº e º e º ºs e e º º e º 'º e º 'º º sº e º 'º e s & 8 e e e s e s a e º e º s e e º e º e º e º 'º - e º 'º e & e - e. e. e. e. e. e. e s is a s a º º e º e º & e º 4 * - - - - e º 4 * * * * * * * * - - - - - - e º 1915-16. 1914-15. 1913–14. 1912–13. 1911–12. 120,0 00,000 111,400,000 9.5,400,000 91,250,000 77,700,000 31,000,000 20,200,000 28,900,000 28,000,000 28,800,000 21,000,000 21,400,000 14,200,000 24,800,000 21,300,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 700,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 700,000 1,750,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,300,000 2,000,000 700,000 175,500,000 156,500,000 142,000,000 148,250,000 131,450,000 1,404,000,000 1,260,000,000 1,136,000,000 1,186,000,000 1,041,600,000 4,000,000 2,500,000 4,600,000 3,400,000 4,500,000 1,400,000 300,000 500,000 530,000 1,100,000 5,400,000 2,800,000 5,100,000 3,930,000 5,600,000 43,200,000 22,400,000 40,800,000 31,440,000 44,800,000 *45,000,000 48,300,000 39,400,000 45,100,000 46,500,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,200,000 3,100,000 3,000,000 48,000,000 51,300,000 42,600,000 48,200,000 49,500,000 544,000,000 410,400,000 340,800,000 385,600,000 396,000,000 6,000,000 1,600,000 4,750,000 4,060,000 2,900,000 5,000,000 510,000 4,110,000 3,300,000 3,300,000 400,000 186,000 200,000 150,000 50,000 3,500,000 583,000 2,100,000 2,425,000 2,500,000 1,500,000 409,000 1,700,000 1,140,000 580,000 100,000 43,000 40,000 79,000 90,000 16,500,000 3,331,000 12,900,000 11,154,000 9,420,000 600,000 610,000 670,000 650,000 1,000,000 17,100,000 3,941,000 13,570,000 11,804,000 10,420,000 136,800,000 31,728,000 108,560,00 94,432,000 83,360,000 520,640,000 449,005,000 481,006,000 463,017,500 427,796,000 4,165,120,000 3,592,040,000 3,848,048,000 3,704,140,000 3,422,368,000 1,131,000,000 977,483,000 1,047,137,000 1,007,989,000 931,311,000 148 TEIE EXPORT GRAIN TRADE |UNITED STATES FINAL CROP REPORT. Washington, December 15.—The figures show that the nation’s harvest this year have surpassed any ever before recorded. The value of the principal farm crops, based on prices paid to farmers December 1st, was announced by the Department of Agriculture as $5,568,773,000, making 1915 a banner year both in value and in production of crops. The unusual situation of extraordinary production and high prices, probably never before so pronounced, is credited principally to the European war. With the price of grain soaring as the war progressed, American farmers began the season by planting greater areas to grain. The acreage of the principal crops this year aggre- gated approximately 486,570 square miles. That is larger than the combined area of Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark and Switzerland. Corn was planted on 108,321,000 acres, the second largest area ever planted, and the harvest was 3,054,533,000 bushels, the second largest crop ever grown. Its value was $1,755,- 859,000, exceeding that of the previous most valuable corn crop by $38,000,000. New records were made in production by wheat, oats, barley and rye. Each of these crops, in addition, established records as being the most valuable ever grown, except in the case of barley. A Production of the first billion-bushel wheat crop and the Second three-billion bushel corn crop were features of the year. Wheat acreage aggregated 59,898,000 acres, or 6,000,000 more than ever before. The yield was 16.9 bushels an acre, the largest acre yield for winter and spring wheat combined ever attained in the United States. The final estimate of pro- duction was 1,011,505,000 bushels, with a value of $930,302,000. The crop exceeded last year’s, which was a record, by more than 120,000,000 bushels, and by $50,000,000 in value. Oats and rye were planted on record areas. Oats exceeded its record production of 1912 by 122,000,000 bushels and its record value of 1914 by $56,000,000. Barley production was THE EXPORT G RAIN TRADE 149 13,000,000 bushels more than the 1912 record crop, and was worth $4,000,000 more than the former most valuable crop, grown in 1914. The December estimates of the Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the acreage, production and value (based on prices paid to farmers on December 1st) of important farm crops of the United States in 1915 and 1914, with the average for the five years 1909-1913, based on the reports of the correspondents and agents of the Bureau, are as follows:— —Production— —Farm value Dec. 1– Crop. JPer a Cre. Total. Per bush. Total. Corn— Acreage. Bushels. Bushels. Cents. Dollars. 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 108,321,000 28.2 3,054,535,000 58.5 1,755,859,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 103,435,000. 25.8 2,672,804,000 64.4 1,722,070,000 Average, 1909-13 104,229,000 26.0 2,708,334,000 56.4 1,527,969,000 "Winter Wheat— 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 40,453,000 16.2 655,045,000 95.0 622,012,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 36,008,000. 19.0 684,990,000 98.6 675,623,000 Average, 1909–13 28,356,000 15.6 441,212,000 88.3 389,382,000 Spring wheat— & 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 19,445,000 18.3 356,460,000 86.5 308,290,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 17,533,000 11.8 206,027,000 98.6 203,057,000 Average, 1909-13 18,741,000 13.1 245,479,000 81.2 199,253,000 All wheat— 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 59,898,000 16.9 1,011,505,000 92.0 930,302,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 53,541,000 16.6 891,017,000 98.6 878,680,000 Average, 1909-13 47,097,000 l4.6 686,691,000 85.7 588,635,000 Oats— 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 40,780,000, 37.8 1,540,362,000 36.1 555,569,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 38,442,000. 29.7 1,141,060,000 43.8 499,431,000 Average, 1909-13 37,357,000 30.3 1,131,175,000 37.5 424,047,000 Barley— 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 7,395,000 32.0 237,000,000 51.7 122,499,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 7,565,000. 25.8 194,953,000 54.3 105,903,000 Average, 1909-13 7,619,000 23.9 181,873,000, 59.6 108,364,000 Rye— 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,856,000 17.2 49,190,000 83.9 41,295,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,541,000 16.8 42,779,000 86.5 37,018,000 Average, 1909–13 2,236,000 15.6 34,911,000 70.8 24,706,000 Buckwheat— 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 806,000 19.6 15,769,000 78.7 12,408,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 792,000 21.3 16,881,000 76.4 12,892,000 Average, 1909-13 843,000. 19.7 16,597,000 69.7 11,576,000 FlaxSeed— § 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367,000 10.1 13,845,000 $1.74 24,080,000 1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,645,000 8.4 13,749,000 $1.26 17,318,000 Average, 1909-13 2,490,000 7.8 19,501,000 $1.52 29,628,000 Cable Address “CARRUTH '' Jas. Carruthers & Co. LIMITED +–4 GRAIN 4– • EXPORTERS Board of Trade Building, Montreal Produce Exchange - - New York Grain Exchange - - Winnipeg º MONTREAL, WINNIPEG and NEW YORK Melady & Company TORONTO, CANADA NEW YORK WINNIPEG Grain Exporters Members of New York Produce Exchange, Chicago Board of Trade, Winnipeg Grain Exchange, Montreal Board of Trade and Montreal Corn Exchange. Montreal Agents - - WIGHT & ESDAILE THOMSON & EARLE | GRAIN and FR E I G HT i B R O K E R S i 2 30 B O A R D OF T R A D E B U I L D IN G M O N T R E A L British Empire Grain Co. LIMITED G R A IN i Exporters Grain Exchange gº º gº WINNIPEG Board of Trade ſº gºs gºs MONTREAL Produce Exchange - tºº gº NEW YORK BY ROYAL APPOINTMENT TO HIS MAJESTY THE KING THE OGILVIE FLOUR MILLS COMPANY LIMITED © © © DAILY NMILLING CAPA CITY ROYAL MILLS, MONTREAL, Flour - 6,000 Bbls. GLENORA. MILLS, MONTREAL, Flour - 3,000 “ CITY MILLS, MONTREAL, Corn Products 1,500 “ WINNIPEG MILLS No. 1, Flour ( ; - 3,000 “ WINNIPEG MILLS No. 2, Oat Products - 500 “ FORT WILLIAM MILLS, Flour º - 3,000 “ MEDICINE HAT MILLS, Flour ge - 2,000 “ TOTAL DAILY CAPACITY ſº * - 19,000 Bbls. Ó () () The Company own and operate, in addition to the above mills, 147 Elevators, distributed throughout Mani- toba and the North West, having a storage capacity of 4,500,000 bushels, which, with Terminal Elevators at Medicine Hat, Winnipeg, Fort William and Montreal, give them a total storage capacity of upwards of 9,000,- 000 bushels. D I R E C T O RS C. R. HOSMER, W. A. BLACK, President Vice-President and Managing Director SIR. H. MONTAGU ALLAN, C.V.O. SIR HERBERT HOLT GEORGE E. DRUMMOND A. M. NANTON CHARLES CHAPUT C. B., GORDON SHIRLEY O GILVIE Head Office - - MONTREAL The Export Flour Trade 1915 was considerably smaller than that of the previous season, the total shipments only amounting to 1,613,214 º sacks, as compared with 2,764,140 \ A. º - sacks for 1914, showing a decrease of * - - - 1,150,962 sacks, and a decrease of º 1,133,978 sacks with 1913. One of sº the principal reasons for such a big old Dutch windmill decline in this department of the near Goderich export trade from this port was the fact that during the months of May, June and July, Manitoba spring wheat in the Winnipeg market was selling at the highest prices of the crop, which was attributed to the big demand for it for export account and the somewhat limited supplies avail- able, as the surplus amount carried over from the crop of 1914 to the spring of 1915 was small. In consequence, Canadian millers were not in a position to compete with English millers, as the latter had provided themselves with large quantities of the raw material at much lower prices in the fall of 1914, and, therefore, they could manufacture flour and supply the trade at cheaper prices than English importers could buy it for and lay it down in England. Another reason is that there was no Government Gifts this year, which amounted to 1,176,630 sacks last season, and it was all shipped out via this port. How- ever, in the month of August, when the prospects were so bright for the growing Canadian spring wheat crop, which turned out to be the largest on record in the history of Canada, prices during that month declined rapidly in the Winnipeg market to a lower level than those ruling in the United States markets, which induced foreign buyers to commence operating freely. In consequence, orders for large quantities fairly poured into Canadian millers right up to the close of naviga- tion, but, owing to the limited amount of ocean freight space HE export flour trade from the N port of Montreal for the season 154 THE EXPORT FILOUIR TRADE available by the regular liners sailing from here, millers could not find all they required, and were obliged to turn their atten- tion in other directions, consequently exceedingly large quan- tities had to be shipped via United States ports, which also tended to curtail the volume of business from this port. From a financial standpoint, the past year was a very satisfactory one with all Canadian millers, and the prospects for this year are also encouraging. The export business in cereals from this port for the season 1915 was also much smaller than in 1914, which to some extent was due to the fact that American oats for the most part of the season were cheaper than Cana- dian oats, and, in consequence, United States millers were in a position to compete more keenly for the business and received the bulk of the orders. The exports of meal from here for the season 1915 were only 4,950 sacks, as compared with 37,213 sacks for 1914, showing a decrease of 32,263 sacks, and a decrease of 73,020 sacks with 1913. The shipments of rolled oats only amounted to 85,111 cases and 43,805 sacks, showing a decrease of 58,778 cases and 18,547 sacks, as compared with last year, and a decrease of 15,320 cases and 65,566 sacks With 1913. With reference to prices for spring wheat flour in the local market during the past season, they were more active than usual in sympathy with the rapid fluctuations in the raw material, and they fluctuated $2.35 per barrel. From May 1st to June 2nd first patents sold at $8.20 and second patents at $7.70 per barrel, in bags, as compared with $5.60 for the same period last year. On June 2nd prices declined 40c per barrel to $7.30 for first patents and $6.80 for second patents, while on June 9th there was a further reduction of 20c per barrel to $7.10 for first patents and $6.60 for second patents, and they remained steady from that date up to August 30th, when there was a further decline of 75c per barrel to $6.35 for first patents and $5.85 for second patents. On September 6th another drop of 50c per barrel took place to $5.85 for first patents and $5.35 for second patents, which were the lowest prices of the season, and they remained on that level up to November 3rd, when there was an advance of 10c per barrel THE EXPORT FLOUR TRADE 155 to $5.95 for first patents and $5.45 for second patents. On November 15th they scored another advance of 15c per barrel to $6.10 for first patents and $5.60 for second patents, and closed the season on December 2nd with a still further advance of 20c per barrel to $6.30 for first patents and $5.80 for second patents, as compared with $6.70 for first patents and $6.20 for second patents on the same date a year ago. The Maligne Mountains, B.C.–Canadian Northern Railway ESTABLISHED 1778 SMEATON WHITE, President MONTREAL THE OLDEST NEWSPAPER IN CANADA SUBSCRIPTION - - $6.00 PER YEAR Gazette Printing Co. Limited, Montreal The following table shows the principal shippers of flour, oatmeal and rolled oats from the port of Montreal for the season 1915, with comparisons:— ! 1915 1914 Rolled ROlled Rolled JROlled Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, Sacks. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. Sacks. Sacks. Cases. Sacks. Dominion Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,214 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176,630 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ogilvie Flour Mills Co., Limited . . . . . . 199,160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290,931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Limited 106,773 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,450 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Canada, Flour Mills Co., Ltd. 113,300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co., Limited 170,940 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dominion Flour Mills, Limited . . . . . . . . 112,513 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maple Leaf Flour Mills Co., Limited. . 75,853 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,987 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sundry Shippens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,185 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,804 900 . . . . . . . . . . . . Canadian Pacific Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405,101 4,950 52,555 15,000. 426,672 20,564 70,337 25,805 Grand Trunk Railway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,954 . . . . . . 32,556 10,258 203,206 15,749 73,552 18,000 Through shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,221 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,753 . . . . . . . . . . . . Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613,214 4,950 85,111 25,258 2,764,140 37,213 143,889 43,805 The following table shows the exports of flour, oatmeal and rolled oats from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1915, with comparisons:— London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GlasgOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dundee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antwerp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cardiff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915 1914 ROlled ROlled Rolled Rolled Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, Flour, Meal, Oats, Oats, Sacks. Sacks Cases. Sacks. Sacks. Sacks Cases Sacks. 408,467 . . . . . . 16,556 7,810 982,276 7,000 50,425 11,702 342,413 4,950 3,795 6,249 330,594 1,250 . . . . . . 13,250 237,002 . . . . . . 16,740 829 242,625 . . . . . . 21,888 1,275 29,400 . . . . . . 38,635 2,500 234,825 12,073 44,601 2,699 33,048 . . . . . . 2,740 2,900 395,765 4,000 19,955 5,813 134,391 . . . . . . 3,055 1,750 138,726 2,605 . . . . . . 2,467 75,359 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,159 500 300 500 109,636 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,499 1,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,360. . . . . . . 3,180 770 111,688 7,236 100. 1,000 e e e s a e e s e e e s = e º 'º e s - e º e º e 2,000 e e e s - e. • * * * * * e tº e º 'º - 2,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,450 93,295 1,209 . . . . . . 3,099 tº e e º e º 'º e º & e g º sº º is º is º e º e º º 3,391 tº e º 'º - tº tº e º e º º 1,600 * 6 s tº e º e s tº e s º e º ºs º a e º 'º e º e e 2,900 e - e º tº e 1,800 e e º - - - s e e e e s - e. e. g. s e a • * * * * * * * * * s 13,667 e a e º 'º e tº e º 'º - e. e e º 0 ° tº e s e s e s e s tº e s s - e < e < * * * * * * e 32,788 e - - - - e. * > 0 e º e 400 e tº e º e º 'º e º 'º e s - e < * * * * * * * * * 11,542 * - e º 'º e e - - - - e. * * * * * ~ 88,638 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 . . . . . . . e tº g º is e s s º e s e º a º e º 'º - e º 'º e s 1,400 * * * * * * * e º e º º s & e s - © tº € 6 & © e º sº e º 'º e 410 • * * * * g. tº º e º º e º e º e s - e. 2,510 e e º 'º e - e e s is s a s e º e º e < * * * * * * * * * * * 50,000 • * * * * * to e º e o e e tº e º 'o - • * c e º e º e º e a e º 'º e = * * * * * * * e s = e º e a e < e < e <> 1,530 e e º 'º e - 1,613,214 4,950 85,111 25,258 2,762,140 37,213 143,889 43,805 ſº # Lt.-Col. A. E. LABELLE p" Gen. Manager G. A. GRIER President St. Lawrence Flour Mills Co. Limited © O. O. ST. LAWRENCE FLOUR Four brands of equal purity REGAL FLEUR DE LIS LAURENTIA DAILY BREAD Made in the most modern and best equipped mills of North America, at the cheapest point of distribution in the world. © () (> Mills at Lachine Canal, Montreal, Can. © 9 @ O F F I C E S 1110 Notre Dame St. West, Montreal ESTABLISHED 1888 Lake Of the WOOds Milling Company LIMITED O O Millers of Manitoba Hard Wheat Flours “Not Bleached—Not Blended ” Daily Capacity sº 13,700 Barrels O O OFFICERS : FRANK S. MEIGHEN, President and Managing Director WM. W. HUTCHISON, Vice-President DIRECTORS: HON. ROBERT MACKAY ABNER KING MAN JOHN CARSON R. M. BALLANTYNE GEORGE V. HASTINGS TANCREDE BIENVENU J. K. L. ROSS F. E. BRAY, Secretary R. NEILSON, Assist.-Secretary T. F. McNALLY, Treasurer O O HEAD OFFICE: LAKE OF THE WOODS BUILDING MONTREAL A. KELLY, President S. A. McGAW, Vice-Pres., Gen. Mgr. WESTERN CANADA FLOUR MILLS CO. LIMITED © () (> PLJ RITY FLO UR AMore Bread and Better Bread Daily Milling Capacity, 10,500 bbls. Also own and operate 100 elevators situated in the best wheat producing districts of the Canadian West © () (> MILLS WINNIPEG, Man. BRAND ON, Man. GODERICH, Ont. CALGARY Head Office - - TORONTO BRANCHES MONTREAL ST. JOHN, N.B. GODERICH OTTAWA FORT WILLIAM WINNIPEG BRAND ON CALGARY EDMONTON VANCOUVER ATor Reliable News Re a d Glac (jazette M O N T REAL º- ºr f ~ l f º \s º As & º ſº- º SUBSCRIPTION: $6.00 A YEAR QUINTAL & LYNCH LIMITED Grain, Hay, Feed, Domestic and Export OFFICES: Beardmore Bldg., 59 ST. PETER ST. MONTREAL The Export Hay Trade HE hay crop in the Province of Quebec for the season 1915 was spotted, and in consequence in certain parts of the province the yield was lighter than last year, while in other sections of the coun- try it was better, consequently, on the whole, barely an average crop was harvested with no reserves what- ever carried over from the 1914 crop. In Ontario the crop bulked was large, but the greatest portion Filling the Hay Mow of it, if not all, was badly damaged by the heavy rains in July and August, while the crop of the Lower Provinces was not alto- gether satisfactory, it being short in yield and also damaged to some extent. The trade in hay during the past season has been very good, owing to the fact that the demand from the United States was only spasmodic, which, however, resulted in a fair export business being done in that direction, but the export trade to Europe, which is generally done during the summer season by the regular exporting firms here, was practically nil this year, which may be attributed to the great scarcity of ocean freight space throughout the season and the very high rates demanded for what little there was obtainable, which made it next to impossible for exporters to make any shipments, and with the exception of the Government’s requirements the trade was dull in this direction. The Government demands were, however, the factor of the season, and the action on their part of embargoing exports to all points outside of England and the Allies is to be commended. The effect of this embargo, however, will not be felt imme- diately. In considering this embargo, the fact must be remem- bered that Canadian farmers have been and are still receiving 164: THE EXPORT HAY TRADE about double the price the hay commodity received in normal times, and the farming community should certainly be satisfied, as the advance in prices for hay since war was declared is larger than any other agricultural product. The exports of baled hay from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 were 2,201,659 bales, as compared with 493,073 bales for 1914, showing an increase of 1,708,586 bales; an increase of 1,911,608 bales with 1913, and an increase of 1,637,876 bales with 1912. All the above quantity exported this year was for Government account. The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal by the different firms for the season 1914, with comparisons:— 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. Shippers. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Jals. Scott & Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . 19,266 90,935 141,716 169,619 Quintal & Lynch, Ltd. . . . . . . . . 9,287 50,233 68,141 138,029 W. H. Dwyer Co., Ltd. . . . . . . . . 569 43,287 65,037 136,802 S. Ledoux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,043 27,854 36,876 113,929 J. C. Bisaillon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,053 27,708 78,220. . . . . . . Jas. McDonnell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,816 16,126 60,226 100,152 V. Chicoine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623 10,028 13,550, 95,055 Montreal Cut Hay Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,823 . . . . . . . . . . . . Poitras & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,433 . . . . . . 17,814 A. Marcotte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,747 2,195 . . . . . . A. Poirier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,308 1,567 34,222 25,630 C. E. Young. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 1,367 . . . . . . . . . . . . H. Desrosier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799 18,904 19,429 R. P. Lippe Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,481 . . . . . . M. H. Tompkins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,600 . . . . . . A. Ding Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,906 4,603 R. Wolston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,674 . . . . . . D. A. Campbell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,300 11,728 C. Raymond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . . . . . Thomson & Earle. . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laſberge & Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sundry Shippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 3,396 3,715 14,423 Grand Trunk Ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 . . . . . . 3,698 Canadian Pacific Ry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Through Shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,536 Government Shipments. . 2,201,659 443,603 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,201,659 493,073 290,051 563,783 853,962 THE EXPORT HAY TRADE 165 The following table shows the exports of hay from the port of Montreal to the different foreign markets for the season 1915, with comparisons:– 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. Ports. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Bales. Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,726 110,627 137,539 274,854 London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,010 76,079 195,118 266,172 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775 78,327 59,624 82,017 104,750 Manchester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 21,699 84,214 83,552 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,481 . . . . . . 12,010 50,445 86,968 Hull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,504 8,228 . . . . . . Leith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,508 596 17,804 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,828 3,713 Newcastle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 4,332 Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,118 Aberdeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 580 Belfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 Dublin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,709 Havre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,056,913 67,486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Nazaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,901 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bordeaux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,357 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,133 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,201,659 493,073 290,051 563,783 853,962 Empress of Russia–Canadian Pacific Railway W. H. DWYER COMPANY LIMITED WHOLESALE DEAL E R S A ND EXPO R T E R S OF HAY and GRAIN Room 302 Board of Trade Building - MONTREAL Lukis, Stewart & Co. LIMITED IN SURANCE Special facilities for Grain in Elevators and # Goods in Warehouse # PHONE MAIN 5148 232 ST. JAMES STREET - MONTREAL W. MANN F. H. CARLIN President. General Supt. and Sec.-Treas. Montreal Stock Yards Company MONTREAL, QUE. Located on the Tracks of the Grand Trunk Railway System Extensive Improvements Completed. New Hog Pens. New Cattle Sheds. Yards Replanked and Enlarged. Horse Stables Renovated. The Most Comfortable and Complete Stock Yards and Horse Stables in the Dominion of Canada. Lighted throughout with Electricity. F.H. EARLIN MANARER. - - - | - -- - ºld Tºni . ºs. º & ºuaºanwº º ºutsºu --- HE Montreal Stock Yards Company, which is situated at Point St. Charles, in the City of Montreal, was organized many years ago for the accommodation of shippers of Live Stock from all points East and West, and also for the sale of the same, and it is now recognized as the leading West End Market. These Yards are closely connected with the Grand Trunk Railway, and are therefore very convenient to Shippers, as all live stock can be unloaded on the premises. Owing to the steady increase in the volume of business during the past year, the Company has erected a first-class double-decked market with all the latest improvements, for the sale and handling of all local and export live stock, and also for the convenience of Butchers. The ground floor of the above is used for the sale of cattle and the second floor for the sale of sheep, lambs, calves and hogs. In addition to the above this Company has also added to their already extensive plant a new abattoir, which has been fitted up with all the latest improved machinery. This abattoir has a capacity for killing 3,000 head of cattle, 5,000 hogs and sheep and calves per week. Besides the above, they have also put in a new electric plant which supplies the light to all the different depart- ments. Give ws a trial and you will not be disappointed. The Twentieth Century Is Canada's THE RESOURCES OF CANADA are illimitable. The wealth of her Farms, Fruit Areas, Forests, Fisheries and Mines is a wonder of the twentieth century. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANADA in the last decade is one of the marvels of modern times. THE OPPORTUNITY IN CANADA is the opportunity of to-day. Her broad acres invite the land-hungry; her free farms call for settlers; her front door is wide open to willing workers, while wealth and a welcome await those who come. If not satisfied with your present position write for illustrated pamphlets about Canada to W. D. SCOTT Superintendent of Immigration OTT AWA, CANADA The Export Apple Trade HE export trade in apples for the season 1915 from the port of Montreal has been the smallest for the past fourteen years, which can only be attributed to the scarcity of ocean freight space on account of the large number of vessels that were commandeered by the Government to transport war supplies, as the British markets were never in a better condition than this year for receiving Cana- dian fruit, and the prices realized for the shipments made from here were very satisfactory to exporters. The stock of apples in store here at the close of navigation was larger than that of a year ago, notwithstanding the fact that the crop both in Ontario and Quebec was lighter than that of last year, which is due to the shortage of ocean freight space. The exports for the season 1915 amounted to 123,752 barrels, as com- pared with 171,957 barrels for 1914, showing a decrease of 48,205 barrels, and a decrease of 96,938 barrels with 1913, and 221,465 barrels with 1912. The largest shipments made from this port during the past 36 years were in 1896, when they amounted to 700,274 barrels, and the smallest during the same period were 7,445 barrels in 1883. The English crop was a good average one, in spite of the off year, but it was largely of inferior fruit, and the quantity of high-class apples was limited. While the supply of cook- ing varieties was good, there was scarcely any first-class dessert apples available. The English apple crop has only a small effect upon the price obtained for Canadian apples, as during the summer months it is comparatively poor in quality, and the fact that it is placed on the market with little attention to grading and packing makes the English apples a serious com- Foreign Markets 170 TEIE EXPORT APPLE TRADE petitor of Canadian No. 3 grade only, and even this effect generally disappears about the first of November, as the bulk of the crop has gone into consumption. The following table shows the exports of apples to the different foreign markets for the season 1915, with com- parisons:— 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. JPOrtS. Bbls. EblS. Bbls. Bbls. BibliS. Glasgow . . . . . . . . . . . 71,882 S9,837 109,466 197,815 129,925 Liverpool . . . . . . . . . . 15,449 41,902 66,927 89,0.02 65,333 Manchester . . . . . . . . 17,886 21,354 15,817 16,257 50,083 I/Ondon . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,674 3,662 11,062 17,441 8,907 Bristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228 e & # e. 11,886 15,924 9,575 "Various . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,633 15,202 5,532 8,778 7,112 Total . . . . . . . . . . 123,752, 171,957 220,690 345,217 217,995 The following table shows the exports of apples from the port of Montreal for the past thirty-six years:– Year. Barrels. 1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,276 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,423 1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,190 1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,445 1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,487 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,716 1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,713 1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,058 1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,307 1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,526 1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,095 1891 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320,457 1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429,243 1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,255 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273,353 1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,027 1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700,274 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,313 Boxes included in above as three to a barrel. Year. Barrels. 404,573 285,258 249,219 122,465 476,425 732,044 375,085 551,914 399,161 624,159 353,146 587,287 172,729 270,995 345,217 220,690 171,957 123,752 The total exports from the port of Montreal for the past thirty-five years amount to 9,425,762 barrels. THE STANDARD LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF EDINBURGH Established 1825 Head Office for Canada - Montreal Invested Funds - - - - - - $68,650,000 Deposits with Canadian Government - - - 8,985,000 Investments Canadian Branch - - - - 17,702,500 Unconditional Policies. Claims settled immediately on proof of death and title. World-Wide Policies. Family Trust Policies. Assurance effected on first-class lives “without medical examination.” Apply for full particulars D. M. McGOUN, Manager in the “Norway of America" T H E M A R KET REPORTS PRINTED DAILY IN Ulic (5azette ARE ADMITTED TO BE THE BEST PUBLISHED IN CANADA EXPORT IMPORT Cable Address: “LOBSTER, MONTREAL" J. W. Windsor Limited Montreal, Canada Packers and Dealers in CANNED LOBSTERS, SALMON, MACKEREL, FINNAN HADDIE, CHICKEN, Etc. also WHOLESALE COMMISSION MERCHANTS covering all Canada Foreign correspondence WE BUY specially solicited OR SELL ------------- - --------------- - - - - - -------------- | Export Cured Meat & wºmr. º. x=- m ºr gº ºms, sº wºmer w & * * * * * & ºmir º ºr ºf & *ºr ~q=sr HE export business in cured meats and tinned meats from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 has been very satisfactory, in fact, the shipments have been the largest on record in the history of the trade, which is attributed to a great extent to the active demand for these goods during the past season for army supplies. In consequence, packers generally throughout Canada have been taxed to their full capacity in order to fill their contracts. With reference to Canadian bacon, the demand from English importers for this article during the past six months has been active, owing to the fact that it has become a favourable breakfast food with the English consumer, and, in consequence, it is now sought after on a par with Danish and Irish sides, as the latter costs 10s to 12s per cwt. ...lore money. The production of hogs throughout Canada for the past two years has steadily increased, but, owing to the increased demand for the Canadian product for export account and the larger home consumption, prices have ruled fully 25 per cent to 35 per cent higher, consequently, the producer in Canada has been greatly benefited by it. The exports of cured meats from the port of Montreal from May 1st to November 30th, 1915, amounted to 360,641 cases, as compared with 55,534 cases for the same period in 1914, showing an increase of 305,107 cases, and an increase of 277,794 cases with the season 1913. On the other hand, we have to again record a sharp falling off in the exports of lard for the season 1915, which to some extent was probably due to the scarcity of ocean freight space from here this year, consequently, the shipments only amounted to 392,160 packages, as against 498,373 packages for the season 1914, show- ing a decrease of 106,213 packages and a decrease of 305,876 packages as compared with the year 1913. In connection with the export trade in canned goods, the season 1915 from this port has been a banner one, as shipments have been the largest on record in the history of the trade, which is, no doubt, due to the falling off in supplies from other export- ing countries on account of the war. Notwithstanding the fact 174. TEIE EXPORT CURED MEAT TRAIDE that the German and Belgian markets have been entirely cut off, the exports of canned fish have been away in excess of last year, Owing to the enormous demand from France and England. Canned lobsters in Canada are entirely cleaned up, while canned Salmon stocks are rapidly diminishing. The output of canned fruits and vegetables has been greatly curtailed this year by Canadian canneries, owing to the oversupply during the past two or three years. The export demand this year, however, has been a big factor, and at the close of navigation there was a great shortage in nearly every line. Canadian gallon apples are a favourite line with practically all the dealers in the British Isles, and, notwithstanding the high prices they have been willing to pay, their wants have not been filled on account of the short pack. The exports of canned goods for the season 1915 were 341,589 cases, as compared with 105,766 cases for 1914, showing an increase of 235,823 cases, and an increase of 168,957 cases with 1913, and an increase of 221,329 cases with 1912. The salmon pack in British Columbia for 1915 totalled 1,133,000 cases, as compared with 1,111,000 cases in 1914, and 1,353,000 cases in 1913. Between 1902 and 1905 the pack did not exceed 1,000,000 cases, the lowest amount being in 1908, when the figures were 542,689 cases. This year the northern canneries did well, and while the pack on the Fraser river was lower than last year, when it was 328,390 cases, the dif- ference was more than made up by the pack in the North. The pack by districts was:–Fraser . River, 289,199 cases; Skeena River, 279,161 cases; Rivers Inlet, 146,238 cases; Naas River, 104,289 cases; Outlying, 313,894 cases. THE WHYTE PACKING CO. LIMITED HEAD OFFICE: STRATFORD, ONT. EXPORTERS OF HAMS, BACON, BUTTER, CHEESE AND EGGS MONTREAL OFFICE: 37 William St., Montreal, Can. Correspondence Solicited THE EXPORT CUBED 175 MEAT TRAIDE The following table shows the exports of lard, cured meats and tinned meats from the port of Montreal for the season 1915, with comparisons:— (POrtS. London Bristol . . . . . . . . . Liverpool . . . . . . . Manchester Glasgow . . . . . . . . South Africa. . . . . Leith Havre Hamburg Newcastle IFHull Belfast Antwerp e e º & º e g º e & g º gº tº gº tº 3 * > * > * > & © — 1915 — — 1914 — Canned Canned Lard, Meats, Meats, Lard, Meats, Meats, Pkgs. Cases. Cases. Pkgs. Cases. Cases. 135,441 57,910 207,602 177,135 7,895 2,187 101,783 32,830, 14,035 120,595 6,412 4,010 72,519 212,645 61,823 77,396 48,477 11,875 65,097 10,883 11,807 103,505 2,751 4,671 16,261 46,217 9,016 15,811 13,599 1,627 50.9 25 1,486 2,402 1,017 2,168 76 93 * º ſº tº 780 35 600, 600 * g e e e º º & © e º 65 550 55 200 25 174 392,160 360,641 306,062 498,373 55,534 26,573 The shipments of canned goods to the different foreign markets for the season 1915, with comparisons, were as follows: POrtS. Glasgow London . . . . . . . . . Liverpool FHavre Leith Manchester South Africa. . . . . Bristol Antwerp Mexico Hamburg IBelfast Dublin Hull New Castle . . . . . . . New Zealand . Australia, tº º º is tº e º & & 8 * * * * * * * * us tº * * * * * * * tº 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. Cases. 8,945 7,611 27,362 3,914 3,025 9,655 143,112 27,282 48,556 12,231 9,251 23,002 166,196 28,048 45,126 15,767 22,419 7,157 8,967 31,696 29,968 46,687 10,305 8,721 tº º te e 2,099 6,000 $ tº e g 50 100 850 3,150 638 tº º is tº tº ſe e e 1,575 S35 161 312 2,852 842 4,499 e e º e * gº tº e 670, 949 & e º º 978 70.9 335 405 373 & g º sº tº ſº ſº tº 35,060 14,552 257 536 466 767 3,900 6,432 1,450 2,550 tº tº gº 300 1,700 1,700 1,700 4,082 1,030 tº $ tº tº e º e 399 250 50 2,479 & g e e 111 tº º tº tº 2,370 21 341,589 105,766 172,632 120,260 49,256 71,848 TO Settlers, Lumbermen and Sportsmen O © O 7,000,000 Acres of Land Divided into Farm Lots, for Settle- ment; in the Province of Quebec Over 100,000,000 Acres still Unsurveyed Q| The fertile regions of LAKE TEMIS- CAMING, the LAKE ST. JOHN, the OTTAWA, the MATAPEDIA, the BAIE DES CHALEURS, and the ABITIBI especially, offer exceptional advantages. ‘. In these regions the most fertile and valuable kinds of timber for export and manufacturing purposes are to be found, such as Pine, Spruce, Cedar, Maple, Black Birch, White Birch, Etc. * Plenty of Spruce, which is in great de- mand, for Pulp Making. © () (> Price of Fine Lots of 100 Acres, 3 to 50 cents per Acre For further information write to the DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS QUEBEC The Timber and Deal Exports LTHOUGH ocean freight rates on lumber from the port of Montreal during the past season were probably higher than ever known before in the history of the trade, which was the result of the scarcity of ocean tonnage brought about by the war, this fact did not interfere with business, as the exports of lumber were larger than they have been for the past two º º - º- º ºs lº Selkirk Tunnel, Glacier, B.C.–Canadian Pacific Railway years, and the season on the whole was a satisfactory one. The demand has been principally for lumber such as spruce and hardwoods for the manufacture of cases and crates for War purposes. At the annual meeting of the Montreal Lumber Associa- tion, which was held on December 8th, the president in his address referred at length to a large number of important matters in connection with railway transportation, chief among them being the proposed advance in railway rates on lumber in the territory east of Port Arthur, the last hearing in connec- 178 TEIE TIMBER AND DEAL EYBORTS tion with which was held by the Board of Railway Commis- sioners on the 30th of June, no decision, however, having been rendered by the Commission up to the above date. The prin- cipal exporters of lumber for the season 1915 were Messrs. Watson & Todd, Limited; E. M. Nicholson, and the Bennett Lumber Co. The total exports from the port of Montreal for the season 1915 amounted to 106,515,024 feet, which show an increase of 35,113,623 feet, as compared with last year, an increase of 695,857 feet with 1913, and a decrease of 2,855,740 feet with 1912. The following table shows the exports of wood goods to Great Britain, Continent, South Africa and Australia from the port of Montreal for the season 1915, with comparisons:— 1915. 1914. 1913. 1912. NO. Of NO. Of NO. Of NO. Of Exporters. ft. B. Inn. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. ft. B. M. Watson & Todd, Limited 23,445,439 26,165,790 34,596,642 33,217,881 R. Cox & Co. . . . . . . . . . . 8,852,632 11,336,151 18,326,191 17,316,113 J. Burstall & Co . . . . . . . . 7,762,353 6,708,937 8,905,256 9,149,894 W. & J. Sharples. . . . . . . 9,847,219 6,296,006 13,571,128 12,943,460 E. M. Nicholson . . . . . . . . 15,239,280 5,284,731 7,695,305 7,670,005 E. H. Lemay. . . . . . . . . . . 7,000,000 3,339,582 3,522,941 8,857,349 Dobell, Beckett & Co . . . 4,446,160 2,677,768 3,527,783 4,267,930 COX, Long & CO . . . . . . . . 5,130,576 474,818 1,878,741 2,211,896 Bennett Lumber Co. . . . . 11,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Railways, steamship lines, - and Small shippers. . . 13,791,365 9,117,618 13,795,180 13,736,236 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,515,024 71,401,401 105,819,167 109,370,764 Total exports to Great Britain and Continent . . . . . . 69,858,348 101,543,392 106,603,976 Total to South Africa. . . . . . . . . . 1,543,053 4,011,701 2,637,407 Total to Australia, and New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264,074 129,381 | Table of Contents i * }<º-t}ty ºt) ºf 3-tºº-->4)--D-ºxº-º-º-º-t}< *{}º ºt).<-->{}- º **o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-o-º-º: º PAGE The Trade of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The Improvements to the Port of Montreal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 The Shipping Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Distances in Marine Miles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 The Cheese Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 The Butter Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Montreal the Leader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 The Export Egg Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 The Export Grain Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 The Export Flour Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 The Export Hay Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 The Export Apple Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 The Export Cured Meat Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 The Timber and Deal Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 VIA MARCONI THE RATE TO GREAT BRITAIN FOR CODE AND URGENT MESSAGES IS 15 CENTS PER WORD ECONOMY is the business slogan of to-day. No business man can afford to overlook this saving of 40% on his cable bill. MARCONI also offers attractive rates on pop- ular services as follows: HALF RATE, plain lan- guage, 7% c. per word; NIGHT LETTERS, 60c. for 12 words; WEEK-END LETTERS, $1.00 for 24 words. Phone nearest G.N.W. Office for Messenger and mark message “VIA MARCONI” Let us send you a copy of our new tariff book at once. MARCONI CO. § 137 McGill St. White Star-Dominion Line ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS Montreal—Quebec Portland, Me.—Halifax, N.S. Liverpool Liverpool DOMINION LINE Montreal—Bristol Portland, Me.—Bristol §T º § * - - - & * ...~" . . . . …” Joaº: , . . . . . . . . . sº ... * * * , , , , A zºº on treal to Liverpool The Largest Steamers M FLEET OF PASSENGER AND FREIGHT STEAMERS (Building) SS. Regina (Triple Screw) 15,700 Tons SS. Laurentic (Triple Screw) 15,000 Tons SS. Michigan (Twin Screw) 8,001 Tons & #4 & a 7,000 “ * Megantic (Twin Screw) 15,000 “ Dominion * “ Teutonic tº 10,000 “ * Englishman £4 ** 5,257 “ * Canada & a 10,000 “ * Cornishman tº & 5,749 “ “ Norseman & & 11,700 * * Welshman & & 5,730 “ “ Irishman tć {{ 11,700 “ “ Turcoman {{ & 5,829 “ “ Southland {{ {{ 12,017 “ “ Ardgorm {{ tf 5,131 “ “ Northland “ {{ 11,905 “ “ Auchendale {{ {{ 3,952 “ HE “LAURENTIC” and “MEGANTIC” are the largest steamers from Montreal and | afford every up-to-date facility for passengers in all classes. The “TEUTONIC,” “NORTHLAND,” “SOUTHLAND,” “CANADA ’’ and “DOMINION" carry Cabin and Third Class Passengers. Cabin passengers by these steamers have unrestricted use of the best accommodation on the ship at lower rates than prevail on vessels carrying Cabin passengers in two classes. Summer–Steamers sail from Montreal, and passengers have an opportunity; to enjoy the beauties of the St. Lawrence in the full length of this majestic river from the Canadian Metropolls to the open sea. String orchestras carried on all steamers. | Electric Light = Saloons Amidships El Unexcelled Service | The steamers are large and fast and personal attention is given to the handling and storage of Eggs, Cheese, Butter, Apples and all cargo of a perishable nature. Steamers are fitted with Cool Air, Cold Storage and Fan-Ventilated Chambers. Through Bills of Lading issued by Agents of all Railways. For sailings and informa- tion, apply to the Railway Agents or Local Agents of the Company, or to © © O © 118 Notre Dame St.W., Montreal White Star-Dominion Line "º":"...º.º. M. A. OVEREND, Frt. Agt. H. G. THORLEY, Pass. Agt. W. M. MACPHERSON 28 Wellington Street East 41 King Street East 53 Dalhousie Street TORONTO, Ont. TORONTO, Ont. QUEBEC ULSTER STEAMSHIP C0. LIMITED G. HEYN & SONS, Managers, Belfast HEAD LINE The following First Class Steamers are intended to continue the regular service between the undermentioned ports during the year 1916. REG. T.ONS REG. TONS Twin S.S. Rathlin Head - 6,754 S.S. Bengore Head - – 2,490 Twin S.S. Torr Head - - 5,911 Dunmore Head - – 2,293 S.S. Fanad Head (building) - 5,600 Orlock Head º - 1,952 Howth Head -> - 5,000 Garron Head - - 1,932 Ramore Head - - 4,444 Black Head - - 1,897 Carrigan Head - - 4,200 Teelin Head - - 1,718 Glenarm Head - - 3,908 Glen Head * - 1,600 Bray Head - - 3, 150 White Head - - 1,145 Inishowen Head - - 3,050 Fair Head - - 1,089 From MONTREAL and QUEBEC in Summer and from ST. JOHN, N.B., in Winter to BELFAST, DUBLIN and AVONMOUTH A limited number of Cabin Passengers carried on above Steamers at moderate rates. Cargo booked through from all points in Canada and U.S. to United Kingdom and Russia. For Freight and all other particulars apply to:— G. HEYN & SONS, Belfast, Managers Palgrave, Murphy & Co., Dublin G. & Forwood Heyn, 7 Chapel Street, Liverpool McLean, Kennedy & Co., Quebec William Thomson & Co., St. John, N.B. Fred. C. Thompson, Royal Bank Building, Toronto J. D. Roth, Chicago Ross & Heyn, New Orleans J. Merrow & Co., Galveston P. Bornholdt & Co., Reval & Petrograd McLEAN, KENNEDY, LIMITED GENERAL CANADIAN AGENTS MONTREAL CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY'S TELEGRAPH HAS EXCLUSIVE CONNECTION WITH THE causar Postal Telegraph Cable Company, Commercial Cable Company, Pacific Cable to Australia, Commercial Pacific Cable to China and Japan, ºrman PAEif|C weſtway * . . . . . sº- º• -:j3. C. P. R.Y. TEL. CHAMBERs, MONTREAL tRNAUIAR, PACIFIE * ºfalº Commercial-Havana Cable, Halifax-Bermuda Cable Company, Direct West India Cable Company, and The Dominion Government Telegraph to the Yukon Thus reaching all important parts of the world. Telegrams filed on the European Continent should be marked “via Commercial Cable” Head Money Orders issued to all parts of Canada and United States Office COR. ST. FRANCOIS XAVIER AND HOSPITAL STS. Montreal PRINTED AND BOUND BY THE GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY LIMITED, MONTREAL ULSTER STEAMSHIP C0. LIMITED G. HEYN & SONS, Managers, Belfast HEAD LINE The following First Class Steamers are intended to continue the regular service between the undermentioned ports during the year 1914. REG. T.ONS REG. T.ONS Twin S.S. Rathlin Head - 6,754 S.S. Dunmore Head - - 2,293 Twin S.S. Torr Head * – 5,911 Orlock Head - º 1,952 S.S. Howth Head - - 5,000 Garron Head * * 1,932 Ramore Head - – 4,444 Black Head ~ * 1,897 Carrigan Head - – 4,200 Teelin Head - - 1,718 Glenarm Head - – 3,908 Glen Head - - 1,600 Bray Head - - 3,150 White Head - - 1,145 Inishowen Head - - 3,050 Fair Head * * 1,089 Bengore Head - - 2,490 In Summer MONTREAL and QUEBEC to BELFAST and DUBLIN In Winter ST. JOHN, N. B., to BELFAST and DUBLIN A limited number of Cabin Passengers carried on above Steamers at moderate rates. Cargo booked through from all points in Canada and U. S. to United Kingdom and Russia. For Freight and all other particulars apply to:— G. HEYN & SONS, Belfast, Managers Palgrave, Murphy & Co., Dublin. G. & Forwood Heyn, 7 Chapel Street, Liverpool McLean, Kennedy & Co., Quebec William Thornson & Co., St. John, N.B. Fred. C. Thompson, Board of Trade Building, Toronto J. D. Roth, Chicago Ross & Heyn, New Orleans J. Merrow & Co., Galveston Henry Muller, Riga P. Bornholdt & Co., Reval and Petrograd McLEAN, KENNEDY & COMPANY GENERAL CANADIAN AGENTS MONTREAL CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY'S TELEGRAFH HAS EXCLUSIVE CONNECTION WITH THE Postal Telegraph Cable Company, Commercial Cable Company, Pacific Cable to Australia, Commercial Pacific Cable to China and Japan, C. P. R.Y. Tº L. CHAMBERS, MONTREAL Commercial-Havana Cable, Halifax-Bermuda Cable Company, Direct West India Cable Company, and The Dominion Government Telegraph to the Yukon Thus reaching all important parts of the world. Telegrams filed on the European Continent should be marked “via Commercial Cable " Money Orders issued to all parts of Canada and United States Head Office tº ſº ſº Montreal COR. ST, FRANCOIS XAVIER AND HOSPITAL STS. PRINTED AND BOUND BY THE GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY LIMITED, MONTREAL