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Price Threepence.
1891.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE PERUSTEES.
EXHIBITED IN THE KING'S LIBRARY.
PRINTED BOOKS
TO THE
A GUIDE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
".
.
,
1
BRITISH MUSEUM.
A GUIDE
TO THE
PRINTED BOOKS
EXHIBITED IN THE KING'S LIBRARY.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1891.
A GUIDE
TO THE PRINTED BOOKS.
THE Exhibition of printed books in the King's Library
is principally designed to illustrate the history of
printing up to the time when typographical execution
became practically uniform; and is also accompanied
with a selection of objects illustrative of the various
arts which have been employed in the production and
decoration of books, together with a selection of first
editions, books which have belonged to distinguished
men, and historical and bibliographical curiosities.
Printing being merely a development of penman-
ship, the visitor is supposed to enter the King's
Library from the Manuscript Room, at which end he is
in any case recommended to commence his inspection.
The show-cases are arranged in pairs, the uneven
numbers being on the visitor's left as he enters and the
even numbers opposite. They should, of course, be
examined in their numerical order.
The first description of printing represented (Cases I.
B 2
and II.) is early European block-printing as exempli-
fied in block-books, i.e., impressions of designs and
letters from carvings on wooden blocks. These, though
rather a development of engraving than of hand-
writing, are yet the precursors of printed books. To
them succeed seven show-cases illustrating the pro-
gress of printing with moveable types from its invention
at Mentz about 1450 to its establishment at the
Antipodes. Titlepages and colophons come next; the
typography of music claims another case; and the
first compartment of the Library terminates with a .
display of portraits of men distinguished as printers or
bibliographers, or as special benefactors to the Library of
the British Museum. Six cases follow devoted to books
exhibited irrespectively of locality or subject—three to
splendid printing, especially when accompanied by
illustration, one to books enriched with autographs, and
two to curiosities of the typographical art, especially
instances of its first application to some particular pur-
pose, and to remarkable fly-sheets and broadsides. The
exceptional department of Chinese and Japanese block-
printing, including artistic illustrations, is comprised in
the next four cases, forming a series complete in itself.
The further end of the room is occupied by tem-
porary exhibitions, liable to be. varied on occasion.
The subjects thus illustrated are at present Binding,
in six cases, and the origin and development of
Alphabetic Writing, in eight.
For a fuller treatment of the history of printing the
visitor is referred to the section of the General Guide
to the Museum devoted to the Department of Printed
Books. The object of this Departmental Guide is
rather the separate description of the individual objects
displayed. A brief summary of the general charac-
teristics of the contents of each show-case is neverthe-
less prefixed, except when the subject is continued
from the case preceding. Some special objects ex-
hibited on the floor in the centre are noticed at the end
of the description of the cases.
Some account should be given of the King's Library,
in which the collection is displayed. This splendid
gallery, completed in 1827, was built to receive the
books collected by George the Third from 1762 to the
end of his long reign, and made over to the nation by
George the Fourth in 1823. An engraved portrait of
the royal collector, and a copy of George the Fourth's
letter of presentation, printed in gold, will be observed
in stands near the centre. The Library is 300 feet in
length by 41 feet in the central compartment 55 feet)
in width, and 31 feet in height. It contains about
65,000 volumes of books and 20,000 pamphlets, besides a
magnificent collection of maps and topographical prints
and drawings; and is equally a model whether regarded
from the point of view of the collector of standard litera-
ture or that of the amateur of bibliographical rarities.
At the period of its presentation less than a third of
its contents were found to be already in the Museum.
Sir Frederick Barnard, the librarian who presided
over the collection during the whole of its independent
existence (he died 27th January, 1830, aged 87), is
commemorated by an engraved portrait in Case XII.
The books were originally kept in Buckingham House.
They were deposited in the Museum in 1828, since
which time they have been available for students in
the Reading Room. Access to the room was allowed
under restrictions until 1838; visitors were again
admitted during the Great Exhibition of 1851; and,
the book-cases having in the interim been glazed, it
was opened to the public in 1857. An engraving
depicting its appearance in 1834, before any presses
were glazed or any show-cases were introduced, will
be found in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for January,
1834, accompanying a paper by Mr. Beriah Botfield,
which contains many interesting particulars respecting
the history of the Library.
Case I.-Block-Books,
In this and the following case are displayed speci-
mens of European printing in its rudimentary stage
previous to the invention of moveable types, while it
was still merely an auxiliary of wood engraving. Im-
pressions of this description are known as block-books,
because the characters were carved in relief on wooden
blocks, upon which the design they were intended to
interpret was executed in the same manner. Both
were then inked over and transferred to paper, which
could only be impressed on one side. The impressions
of the cuts thus obtained were generally coloured by
hand. The literary element was entirely subordinate
to the artistic, the cut forming, as it were, the text,
and the printed matter the explanatory comment.
Block-printing appears to have been known in Europe
towards the end of the fourteenth century. The earliest
dated example is of 1423, and the latest, shown in
Case II., of 1510. Block-books were commonly of a
religious or ethical character, being intended for the
instruction of the unlearned through the medium of
visible representations of incidents in Scripture or in
pious legend, or by religious symbols. The same in-
tention is evinced in manuscripts of an earlier date.
Another employment of block-printing was the execu-
tion of playing cards, which had been introduced into
Europe from the East in the latter half of the fourteenth
century.
1. Biblia Pauperum, or Bible of the Poor, once a
popular manual of devotion, and supposed to be the
8
earliest of the "Block-Books." The cuts are coloured by
hand. Considered by Heinecken (Idée Générale, p. 292)
to be the first edition. Purchased in 1848.
2. Biblia Pauperum.-Block-book; the second edi-
tion, according to Heinecken, Idée Générale, p. 307. From
the library of King George III.
3. Biblia Pauperum.-Block-book. Bequeathed by
the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville..
4. Biblia Pauperum.-Block-book. A German edi-
tion, the last leaf of which bears the date 1811[1475).
This edition is remarkable for having a signature in the
centre of the fold which divides each sheet. Purchased
in 1842.
5. The Apocalypse of St. John.-Block-book; the
fifth edition, according to Heinecken. From the library
of King George III.
6. The Apocalypse of St. John.-Block-book, with
the cuts coloured. From the library of King George III.
7. The Book of Canticles.-Block-book. This copy
has a Dutch inscription at the head of the first leaf.
Purchased in 1838.
8. Defensorium Inviolatæ Virginitatis Beatæ
Mariæ Virginis.-Block-Book, with the cuts coloured,
believed to be unique. The date .1.2010 [1470] occurs
on the first page. Purchased in 1849.
9. Defensorium Inviolatæ Virginitatis Beatæ
Mariæ Virginis.-Block-book. Described by Jacobs
and Ukert, Beiträge zur ältern Litteratur, i. 98–114. Pur-
chased in 1854.
Case II.-Block-Books.
1. Ars Memorandi. A Memoria Technica for
learning the four Gospels by heart.-Block-book; the
second edition, according to Heinecken, Idée Générale, p.
396. Purchased in 1854.
2. Speculum Humanæ Salvationis.—Block-book;
the first edition, printed partly from wooden blocks, and
partly with moveable types. Bequeathed by the Right
Hon. Thomas Grenville.
3. Temptationes Demonis.—A single page printed
from a block, showing the seven deadly sins and the minor
sins which spring from them, with the texts of Scripture
applicable to each. Described in the North British Review
for Nov. 1846, p. 153. Purchased in 1842.
4. Ars Moriendi.-Block-book; the second edition,
according to Heinecken, Idée Générale, p. 406. Purchased
in 1845.
5. Ars Moriendi.-Block-book. Purchased in 1846.
6. Mirabilia Romæ.-Block-book in German, un-
known to Heinecken, printed about 1480. Purchased in
1857.
7. A German Almanack, by Magister Johann von
Kunsperck, i.e. Johann-Müller, called Regiomontanus.-
Block-book, produced at the press of the celebrated astro-
nomer Regiomontanus, at Nuremberg, about 1474. Pur-
chased in 1855.
8. A German Almanack.-Block-book, printed at
Mentz about 1490. Purchased in 1835.
9. A German Almanack.-Block-book, printed at
Leipzig by Cunradt Kacheloven, about 1490. Purchased
in 1853.
10. Opera nova contemplativa. Figure del Testa-
10
mento Vecchio.— The last Block-book; printed at Venice
about 1510, by Giovanni Andrea Vavassore. Purchased
in 1848.
11. Impression from a block, representing Christ,
guarded by Soldiers, before Herod.-Not later than the
middle of the 15th century. Found pasted inside the
cover of a copy of the Vitæ Patrum, attributed to St.
Jerome. Purchased in 1852.
12. An Impression from a block, representing the
Virgin Mary and Infant Jesus between St. Joachim and
St. Anne.—This and the following wood-print (the “Seven
Ages") are pasted on the inside of what were the covers
of Nicolaus de Lyra's Moralia super Bibliam. Purchased
in 1846.
13. Impression from a block, representing the Seven
Ages of Man, with the Wheel of Fortune in the centre.
Date about 1460. Described in the Archäologia, vol. XXXV.,
1853. Purchased in 1846.
14. Planetenbuch.—Block-book representing Saturn,
Jupiter, the Sun, Venus, and the Moon, and their influ-
ences on human life, with German metrical descriptions.
Printed about 1470. Purchased in 1860.
13. of Mah. 480. DO 1846
Case III.—Specimens of the Earliest Productions
of the Printing Press in Germany. (Mentz.)
Great as was the step from manuscripts to block
printing, admitting of an extensive multiplication of
copies, it was little in comparison with that taken
when the invention of moveable type expanded the
single leaf, impressed on one side only, into a folio
volume, and created machinery capable of producing an
indefinite number of books. This prodigious, though
as it now appears to us obvious, step in advance, was,
as the world has with good reason agreed to believe,
taken about the middle of the fifteenth century by
Johann Gutenberg, of Mentz. The first work which
engaged him and his partner Fust was the great Guten-
berg or Mazarin Bible of 1455 or 1456, exhibited in
this case, the production of which must have oc-
cupied a considerable period. During its progress,
however, the new art was called into requisition for a
publication of urgent concern, the Letters of Indulgence
to those rendering aid against the Turks, which seem to
have been first printed in October or November 1454,
and hence to be, so far as hitherto known, the first
dated documents ever issued from the press. Two
independent editions of this Indulgence are exhibited
in this case, as are several other books marking
epochs in the history of printing, all printed at
Mentz. With very few exceptions, all known books
12
up to 1462 were printed at this city, and its virtual
monopoly of the art is shown by the striking fact that
not one book is certainly known to have been printed
anywhere during 1463 and 1464, in which years print-
ing was suspended at Mentz owing to political com-
motions.
The following table shows the principal cities of
Germany in which printing presses were established
down to 1475. The years given are those of the earliest
issues from each press with which a certain date can be
connected :-
Mentz . . . 1454 | Nuremberg . . 1470
Strasburg
1460 Spires.
1471
Bamberg
1461 | Ulm . i .
1473
Cologne.
1466 Lubeck. . 1475
Augsburg
1468 Breslau.
1475
1. Bible, in Latin.-The earliest complete printed
book known, commonly called the Mazarin Bible because
the copy which first attracted notice in modern times
was discovered in the library of Cardinal Mazarin. Sup-
posed to have issued from the press of Gutenberg and
Fust, at Mentz, in 1455, and certainly extant by August
15, 1456. From the library of King George III.
2. Letters of Indulgence, granted by authority of
Pope Nicholas V. to those who should aid the King of
Cyprus against the Turks.-Dated 1455, and undoubtedly
printed at Mentz. On vellum. This edition has thirty
lines, and is partly in the type of the Mazarin Bible.
Purchased in 1845.
3. Letters of Indulgence.-Printed at Mentz in 1455.
On vellum. This edition has thirty-one lines, and is partly
in the type used by Albrecht Pfister in 1461. Purchased
in 1875.
13
4. Psalter, in Latin.—Printed at Mentz, by Fust and
Schoeffer, in 1457. On vellum. The first printed Psalter ;
the first book printed with a date; and the first example
of printing in colours, as shown in the initial letter.
Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
5. Psalter, in Latin.-The second Mentz Psalter,
printed by Fust and Schoeffer, in 1459. On vellum.
The second book with a date. From the library of King
George III.
6. Bible, in Latin.-Printed at Mentz, by Fust and
Schoeffer, in 1462. On vellum. The first Bible with
a date, and the first work divided by the date into two
volumes. From the library of King George III.
7. Cicero.–Officiorum libri tres.-On vellum. Printed
at Mentz, by Fust and Schoeffer, 1465. The first edition
of the first Latin classic printed, and one of the two books
in which Greek type was first used. Bequeathed by
the Right. Hon. Thomas Grenville.
8. The Constitutions of Pope Clement V.-On
vellum. Printed at Mentz, by Peter Schoeffer, in 1471.
Purchased in 1845.
14
.
Case IV.-Specimens of the Earliest Productions
of the Printing Press in Germany.
These commence with one of the few exceptions to
the typographical monopoly of Mentz, the Latin Bible
printed at Bamberg by Albrecht Pfister about 1460.
Even in this instance it is believed by many that the
printing was originally begun by Gutenberg at Mentz,
perhaps even sooner than the first Mentz Bible, and
subsequently completed by Pfister with Gutenberg's
types. The other books exhibited, though not so fine
as those in Case III., equally illustrate the character-
istics of early German printing—its vigour, solidity,
and massiveness.
.
1. Bible, in Latin.—Printed with the types used by
Albrecht Pfister at Bamberg in 1461, which are also those
of the 31-line Indulgences of 1454 and 1455. It is held by
some that these types originally belonged to Gutenberg,
and that a portion at least of this Bible may have
been printed by him at Mentz before his partnership
with Fust. From the library of King George III.
2. Missale Ordinis S. Benedicti. — Commonly
called the Bamberg Missal; printed there by Johann
Sensenschmidt in 1781. On vellum. From the library
of King George III.
3. Decretum Gratiani.-Printed at Strasburg by
Heinrich Eggesteyn, in 1471. The first book printed at
Strasburg with a date. This copy was given by Egge-
steyn himself to the monastery of St. Mary, near Stras-
burg. From the library of King George III.
4. Bible, in German.-Printed at Strasburg by
Johann Mentelin not later than 1466. The first German
Bible. Purchased in 1843.
15
5. St. John Chrysostom. In Psalmum Miserere.-
Printed at Cologne, by Ulrich Zell, in 1466. The earliest
book known to have been printed by Zell with a date.
From the library of King George III.
6. Adrianus Carthusiensis. Liber de remediis
utriusque Fortunæ. Printed by Arnold Therhoernen
at Cologne in 1471. From the library of King George III.
7. Speculum Humanæ Salvationis.-Printed at
Augsburg by Gunther Zainer about 1471. With coloured
woodcuts. Purchased in 1846.
16
Case V.-Specimens of the Earliest Productions
of the Printing Press in Germany and the Low
Countries.
SA
Here examples are displayed of the typography of
the Teutonic countries into which printing first made
its way from Germany, including two instances--the
fragment of the Doctrinale Puerorum, and Pontanus
de Roma-of those controverted impressions to which
some ascribe a date earlier than the oldest German
printing. The subject remains one for discussion, but
there is no certain indication of printing in Switzer-
land before about 1465, or in Holland before about
1473. Among books of especial interest in this case
are to be noted two examples of the press of Colard
Mansion, the associate and perhaps the instructor of
Caxton.
1. St. Bonaventura. Meditationes Vitæ Jesu Christi.
Printed by Gunther Zainer, at Augsburg, in 1468
The first book printed at Augsburg. From the library
of King George III.
2. Steinhöwel. Ein tŭtsche Cronica.—Printed by
Johann Zainer, at Ulm, in 1473. From the library of
King George III.
3. Bible, in German.--Printed at Nuremberg by
Anton Koburger in 1483. From the library of King .
George III.
4. Mamotrectus, seu expositio vocabulorum quæ in
Bibliis, &c. occurrunt.-Printed at Beromünster, now
Munster, in the canton of Lucerne, in 1470. From
the library of King George III.
5. Le Roman de Fierabras.-- Printed at Geneva, by
Maistre Loys Garbin, in 1483.–From the library of King
George III.
6. Alexander Grammaticus. Doctrinale. - On
vellum. Fragment of one of the earliest works printed in
Holland, probably at Haarlem or Utrecht, about 1460-
1465. Purchased in 1890.
7. Pontanus de Roma. Sivgularia in causis crimi-
nalibus.- Printed in the Low Countries about 1470.
From the Old Royal Collection of books belonging to the
Kings of England from Henry VII. to George II., pre-
sented by the latter sovereign in 1757.
8. St. Bonaventura. Sermones de Tempore et de
Sanctis.-Printed at Zwolle, in Overyssel, Netherlands, in
1479. The first book printed at Zwolle. Archbishop
Cranmer's copy, from the Old Royal Collection.
9. Reynaert die Vos.- Printed at Gouda, in South
Holland, by Gerard Leeu, in 1479. The first edition of
Reynard the Fox in any language. Bequeathed by the
Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
10. Dyalogus creaturarum.-Printed at Gouda by
Gerard Leeu, in 1480. With woodcuts. The first edition
of this work. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
11. Spieghel onser Behoudenisse. - Printed at
Kuilenburg by Johannes Veldener in 1483. From the
Old Royal Collection.
12. Boeck van den Scaeckspul.-Printed at Delft
by Jacob van der Meer in 1483. Purchased in 1889.
13, Otto von Passau. Boeck des Gulden Throens of
der XXIV Ouden. Printed at Haarlem by Jacob Bellaert
in 1484. Purchased in 1846.
14. Cronycles of the Reame of Englond.-Printed
at Antwerp by Gerard Leeu in 1493. Bequeathed by the
Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
15. Dionysius Areopagita. Opera quædam._Printed
at Bruges by Colard Mansion about 1480. Purchased in
1889.
16. La Controversie de Noblesse. A translation of
a Latin work of Bonus Accursius, by J. Mielot.-Printed
at Bruges by Colard Mansion, about 1475. Purchased in
1850.
Case VI.-Specimens of the Earliest Productions
of the Printing Press in Italy. .
Early Italian printing, as exemplified in this and the
following case, exhibits interesting variations from
German typography, alike in the literary character and
in the technical execution of its productions. To the
theology and jurisprudence which had almost engrossed
the German press, Italy added the classics, and at a
slightly later date history, poetry, and romance. The
first productions of the first Italian press (1465) were a
Cicero and a Lactantius, both exhibited here: and
almost all its famous and typical publications for
several years were editions of the classics. A corre-
sponding difference of national genius is shown in the
typography, which is in both instances modelled upon
the national style of handwriting. German type is
rugged and powerful, Italian elegant and artistic: a
character discernible even in the first attempts of the
immigrant Germans who introduced printing, but most
visible in the productions of Nicolas Jenson, from
1471 onwards. So long as the free spirit of the
Renaissance inspired her, Italy stood far before any
other country both in the number of printing presses
and the quality of literary production, and the first
by the diminution of the size of books and compression
of matter was taken by an Italian printer.
. 19
.
:
1472
The dates of the earliest known issues from the
press in Italian cities and towns, down to 1474, are as
follow :-
Subiaco.
1465 | Mantua )
Rome . . . 1467 | Monreale!
Venice . . . 1469 Padua
Foligno. ,
1470 Parma
Bologna
Verona
Ferrara
Brescia
Florence
Messina
Milan
. . 1471 Genoa )
Naples
Como
Pavia
Turin
. . 1474
Treviso
Vicenza
Cremona . . 1472 |
.
.
1473
1. Cicero. De Oratore.-Printed in the Monastery of
Subiaco, near Rome, by Sweynheim and Pannartz, in
1465. The first book printed in Italy. Bequeathed
by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
2. Lactantius.—Opera. Printed in the Monastery of
Subiaco, near Rome, by Sweynheim and Pannartz, in
1465. The first book printed in Italy with a date, and
one of the two books in which Greek type was first used.
3. Livy.-Printed at Rome, by Sweynheim and Pan-
nartz, about 1469. The only copy known on vellum.
This copy belonged to Pope Alexander VI., who shortly
after its execution became Abbot of the Monastery of
Subiaco, where the above-named printers had taken up
their abode, and had introduced the art of printing into
Italy. It has the arms of the Borgia family emblazoned
on the first page. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
4. Cicero. Tusculana Quæstiones.- Printed at Rome
by Ulrich Han, in 1469. From the library of King
George III.
5. Cicero. Epistolæ ad Familiares.-On vellum. The
first of the two editions printed by Joannes de Spira, in
C 2
1469, and the first book printed at Venice. From the
library of King George III.
6. Cicero. Epistolæ ad Atticum, Brutum, et Quintum
Fratrem.—Printed at Venice by Nicolas Jenson, in 1470.
Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
7. Decor Puellarum.-A work written in Italian for
the instruction of young girls, and ascribed to Giovanni
di Dio. It was printed at Venice by Nicolas Jenson, and
bears the date of 1461, but this is manifestly an error of
the press for 1471. From the library of King George III.
8. Mesua. De Medicinis universalibus.-Printed at
Venice by Clemente of Padua in 1471. The work is
preceded by a letter of the Venetian physician Nicolò
Gupalatino, in which he praises Clemente as a self-taught
printer, and the first native of Italy who practised the art.
From the library of King George III.
9. Giustiniani. Fiore de le elegantissime Canzonete.
- One of the earliest books in the Venetian dialect,
printed probably at Venice about 1471. Purchased in
1848.
10. Virgil.—Printed at Venice by Aldus, in April,
1501. The first book printed in Italic type, and the
earliest attempt to produce cheap books by compressing
the matter into a small space, and reducing the size
of the page. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
11. Dante. Divina Comedia.—Printed at Foligno, by
Joannes Numeister, in 1472. The first edition. From
the library of King George III.
12. Virgil. Opera.-Printed at Modena by Joannes
Vurster de Campidona, in 1475. The first book printed
at Modena. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
13. Petrarch. Trionfi.- Printed at Lucca by Bar-
tholomeus de Civitali, in 1477. The first book printed
at Lucca. From the library of King George III.
14. Petrarch. Opere volgari.- Printed at Fano by
Hieronymo Soncino, 1503, with Italic type cut by Fran-
cesco da Bologna. In this very rare volume the printer
unjustly accuses Aldus of having claimed for himself the
merit of the invention of the Italic character, which was
due to Francesco da Bologna. Bequeathed by the Right
Hon. Thomas Grenville.
Case VII.Specimens of the Earliest Productions
of the Printing Press in Italy and France.
In this case the display of Italian books is com-
pleted, and will found to include some most beautiful
specimens of Greek type, indicating a distinct advance
in European culture. It is followed by numerous
examples of early French typography. Like the
Italians, the French were indebted for the introduction
of the new art to German strangers, whose first publi-
cation saw the light at Paris in 1470. For some
reason difficult to conjecture the progress of printing
was slow in France, seven years elapsing ere any
French city but Paris and Lyons possessed a printing
press. At length, however, typographic production
became active, and developed a peculiar national style,
inferior to the Italian in artistic beauty, but eminently
pleasing and fanciful. One very important department
of French printing was the execution of books of
devotion, frequently printed on vellum, and commonly
accompanied with elaborate engraved illustrations in
the style of the illuminated manuscripts then ceasing
to be produced. Examples of these will be found in
the cases devoted to the exhibition of sumptuous
printing. The first book printed in the French lan-
guage, being executed by Caxton, is placed in the
succeeding case.
1. Valturius. De Re Militari.—Printed by Joannes
de Verona, in 1472. The first book printed at Verona, and
the first dated book with woodcuts executed in Italy.
Purchased in 1775.
23
2. Lascaris. Greek Grammar.-Printed at Milən by
Dionisio Paravisini, in 1476. First edition of the first
book printed in Greek characters. Bequeathed by the
Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
:
3. Æsop's Fables.- Printed at Milan about 1480.
The first edition of the first Greek classic printed. Be-
queathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
4. Liber Psalmorum.-Printed at Milan in 1481.
The first printed portion of the Holy Scriptures in Greek,
executed at the expense of Bonaccursius Pisanus. Be-
queathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
5. Greek Anthology.-On vellum. First edition.
Printed in capitals by Laurentius de Alopa, at Florence,
in 1490. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
6. Gasparinus Barzizius. Liber epistolarum.-
Printed at the Sorbonne, in Paris, by Ulrich Gering,
Michael Friburger, and Martin Crantz, in 1470. The
first book printed in France. Purchased in 1848.
7. L'Art et Science de Rhetorique.—Printed at
Paris by Antoine Verard, in 1493. On vellum. Henry
VII.'s copy. From the Old Royal Collection.
8. Traytte of god lyuyng and good deyng. Trans-
latyt in Parys the xiii day of May, of franch in Englysh
oon thowsand v hondreth et iii zears.—Printed at Paris
by Antoine Verard, in 1503. Presented by William Mas-
kell, Esq.
9. Lotharius. Tractatus quinque.—Printed at Lyons
by Guillaume Leroy in 1473. The first book printed at
Lyons. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
10. New Testament, in French.-Printed at Lyons
by Barthélemy Buyer about 1474. Believed to be the
second edition of the New Testament in French, the first
edition having been issued from the same press about the
samo date.
11. Les Quatre Filz Aymon.-Printed at Lyons about
12. Terence.-Printed at Lyons by Jean Trechsel, in
1493, and illustrated with woodcuts. Purchased in 1885.
24
13. Lotharius. Spurcissimi Sathanæ litigacionis
contra genus humanum liber. - Printed at Vienne, in
Dauphiné, by Johannes Solidi, in 1478. The first book
printed at Vienne. Bequeathed by the Right Hon.
Thomas Grenville.
14. St. Augustine, Cité de Dieu.—Printed at Abbe-
ville by Jehan Dupré and Pierre Gerard, in 1486. The
first book printed at Abbeville. Purchased in 1850.
15. Missale secundum usum Ecclesie Sarisburi-
ensis.-Printed at Rouen by Martin Morin, in 1492.
The first edition of the Salisbury Missal. Purchased in
1848.
16. Missale secundum usum Ecelesie Sarisburi-
ensis.--Printed at Rouen, by Martin Morin, in 1497. On
vellum. This copy belonged to Cardinal Pole. Pur-
chased in 1852.
17. Expositio Sequentiarum.-Printed at Rouen by
Louis Hostingue, in 1506, for Andrew Myllar, bookseller
of Edinburgh, whose mark it bears. Purchased in 1869.
Case VIII.—Specimens of the Earliest Produc-
tions of Caxton and of the Printing Press in
England.
The books here exhibited compare unfavourably
with the contents of preceding cases as examples of
beautiful printing, but are of special interest to the
Englishman as the first essays of his countrymen in
the typographical art. They include the first book
printed in English; the first book printed in England;
the “ Game and Play of the Chesse," to which this
honour was so long ascribed; the first edition of
“Britain's first poet, famous old Chaucer”; some of
the first attempts of the Oxford press; the first Latin
classic printed in England now existing in a complete
state; and one of several contemporary examples of
the introduction of Greek type into England. Eleven
of the nineteen books exhibited are executed by William
Caxton, the first English printer, who, forsaking mer-
cantile' pursuits for literature, commenced printing at
Bruges about 1474 under the tuition, or with the
assistance, of Colard Mansion; and, removing to
England about 1476, introduced the art of printing
into his native country. The books printed by him
and exhibited here include the first French as well as
the first English book, and three books of which no
other copy is known. The general character of the works
published by Caxton and his successors speaks well for
their perception of the useful and practical, but at the
same time shows how entirely the literary genius of the
26
nation was at that time dormant, for their productions
include hardly any contemporary vernacular composition
of the slightest literary merit.
Printing was introduced into the cities and towns of
Great Britain and Ireland in the following order :-
Westminster . . 1477 | Worcester . .: 1548
Oxford .
. 1478 | Ipswich. . . 1548
London. .
1480 Canterbury . . 1549
Edinburgh . . 1507 Dublin .
1551
York . .
St. Andrew's . . 1552
Cambridge . . 1521 Norwich
. . 1568
.
.
1509
1. Le Fevre. Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye.-
This book is considered to be the first work printed by
Caxton, probably at Bruges, and aided by Colard Mansion,
about 1475. The first book printed in English. From
the library of King George III.
2. Le Fevre. Le Recueil des Histoires de Troyes.-
Printed by William Caxton, about 1476, probably at
Bruges, and with the assistance of Colard Mansion. It
is the first book printed in French. Purchased in 1844.
3. The Game and Play of the Chesse.—Printed
abroad by Caxton, probably at Bruges, with the aid of
Colard Mansion, about 1476. The first edition of this
work, and for a long time supposed to have been the first
book printed in England. Bequeathed by the Right Hon.
Thomas Grenville.
4. The Dictes or Sayengis of the philosophres en-
prynted by me William Caxton at Westmestre the yere of
our lord M.CCCC.LXXVII. The first book known with cer-
tainty to have been printed in England. Purchased in
1859.
5. Chaucer. The book of the Tales of Cauntyr-
burye.—Printed by Caxton at Westminster, about 1478.
27
The first edition of this work. Only two perfect copies
are known, the other being in the library of Merton Dol-
lege, Oxford. From the library of King George III.
6. A Book of the Chesse moralysed.-- Printed by
Caxton in the Almonry at Westminster, about 1481. The
second edition of the “ Game and Play of the Chesse.” The
first book printed in England with woodcuts. From the
library of King George III.
7. Psalterium.-Printed by Caxton at Westminster,
between 1480 and 1483. The only copy known. From
the Old Royal Collection.
8. Sex quam elegantissime epistole.-Printed by
Caxton at Westminster, about 1483. Letters which
passed in 1482 between Pope Sixtus IV. and Giovanni
Mocenigo, Doge of Venice, respecting the war between
the Republic of Venice and the Duke of Ferrara, edited
by Petrus Carmelianus, afterwards Latin Secretary to King
Henry VII. The only copy known. Purchased in 1890.
9. Æsop. The subtyl historyes and Fables of Esope.-
Printed by Caxton, at Westminster, in 1484. With wood-
cuts. The first English version. Purchased in 1844.
10. St. Bonaventura. Speculum Vitae Christi.
Second edition.—Printed by Caxton, at Westminster,
about 1490. On vellum. The copy of the “ Doctrinal of
Sapyence," 1489, in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle,
is the only other book known to have been printed by
Caxton on vellum. Purchased in 1864.
11. The Fifteen Oes and other Prayers.—– Thiese
prayers tofore wreton ben enprēted bi the comaūdementes
of the most hye & vertuous pryncesse our liege ladi
Elizabeth by the grace of God Quene of Englonde & of
Fraūce, & also of the right hye & most noble pryncesse
Margarete Moder vnto our souerayn lorde the king, &c.
{ By their most humble subget and seruaūt William
Caxton.”—Printed at Westminster, about 1491. This is
the only book known to have been printed by Caxton
which is ornamented with borders. The only copy known.
Purchased in 1851.
28
12. Watton. Speculum Xpistiani.- Printed by Wil-
helmus de Machlinia, in the city of London, about 1483.
From the library of King George III.
13. Dives et Pauper.-Printed by Wynkyn de Worde
at Westminster, in 1496.
14. Dives et Pauper.—The first book printed by
Pynson, at Temple Bar, London, in 1493. From the
library of King George III.
15. St. Jerome. Exposicio in Simbolum Apostolorum.
Oxonie, 1468.—Upon the strength of this date, the honour
of printing the first book in England has been by some
denied to Caxton, and claimed for Oxford. The date,
however, is a typographical error for 1478. From the
library of King George III.
16. Aristotle. Libri ethicorum traducti a L. Arretino.
.Oxoniis, 1479.—The second book printed at Oxford. 'Be-
queathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
17. Saona. Nova Rethorica. The first book printed
in St. Albana Abbey, in 1480. From the library of King
George III..
18. The Book of St. Albans. “The Bokys of
Haukyng and Huntyng, and also of Cootarmuris.” Writ-
ten by Dame Juliana Barnes or Berners, Prioress of
Sopwell Nunnery, near St. Albans. Printed in St. Albans
Abbey in 1486. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville..
19. Lucian. Lepidissimum opusculum trepi Suyadwv.
H. Bulloco interprete.-Printed at Cambridge, by John
Siberch, in 1521. One of the first books printed at
Cambridge, and one of those in which Greek type was
first used in England. Bequeathed by the Right Hon.
Thomas Grenville.
29
Case IX.-Spanish, Slavonic, and Oriental.
The books exhibited in this case make little claim
to typographical excellence, but illustrate one of the
most interesting facts in the history of printing; its
general yet slow diffusion over the world. We see it
almost immediately adopted by the intelligent Jews,
the first to introduce printing into Portugal, where
they were so soon to be ungratefully proscribed. We
see Mussulmans, on the other hand, allowing Europeans
to be foremost in the employment of Arabic type; we
see religious reformers introducing printing into Russia,
and missionaries availing themselves of it in Spanish
America ; we behold it employed to give the Scriptures
to the American Indians by the generation following
the Pilgrim Fathers; we observe its establishment at
Goa, Manila, and Canton; and ultimately its tardy
inception and slow prosecution in our own Australian
and South African colonies. The most instructive
part of this division of the exhibition is the compari-
son of dates, which is recommended to the visitor's
attention.
1. Bernardus de Parentinis.-Liber de expositione
uel de declaratione misse. Printed at Zaragoza in 1478.
One of the earliest books printed in Spain. Purchased
in 1839.
2. Schwartz.-Stella Meschiah. In German and He-
brew. Printed at Esslingen, in Suabia, by Conrad Fyner,
in 1477. From the library of King George III.
3. Pentateuch, in Hebrew.—Printed at - Taro"
(probably a misprint for Faro, in Portugal), in 1487.
Purchased in 1866.
30
4. Moses ben Nachman. Commentary on the
Pentateuch.-Printed at Lisbon in 1489. The first
book with a date printed in Portugal. Purchased in
1850.
5. Portion of the first Hebrew Bible; with MS.
Latin translation by Archbishop Cranmer. Printed at
Soncino, by Abraham Colorito, in 1488. From the Old
Royal Collection.
6. Melchite Horologium.--Printed at Fano, in 1514.
The first book printed in Arabic type. Purchased in 1860.
7. Alphabetum Cophtum sive Ægyptiacum.-
Printed at Rome in 1629. The first work containing
printing in Coptic characters.
8. The Psalms, in Armenian.-Printed at Venice in
1565. Probably the first Armenian book printed. Pur-
chased in 1887.
9. Commune ineliti Polonie Regni priuilegium.
-Printed at Cracow in 1506. One of the earliest books
which contain printing in Polish. Purchased in 1847.
10. The Book of Samuel in Russian.-Translated
by Francis Skorina. Printed at Prague in 1518. One of
the first set of books printed in Russian. Purchased in
1862.
11. The Psalms, in Russian.- Translated by Francis
Skorina. Printed át Wilna about 1525. This and the
following were the earliest Russian books printed within
the limits of the present Russian Empire. With the book-
plate of the Reformer, Paulus Speratus. Purchased in
1890.
12. The Acts of the Apostles, in Russian. Trans-
lated by Francis Skorina. Printed at Wilna in 1525.
Purchased in 1890.
13. Octoechus of St. John of Damascus, or Hymn
Book of the Greek Church, arranged for eight voices.
Printed at Cetinje in 1493. The second book printed in
Servian. Purchased in 1891.
14. Missal of the Church of Rome, in Croatian.-
Printed in Glagolitic characters, at Venice, by Francesco
Bindoni and Maseo Pasini, in 1528.
i
31
15. Dorta. Coloquios dos simples e drogas he cousas
medicinais da India.--Printed at Goa by Joannes de
Endem in 1563. The second book printed in the East
Indies. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Gren-
ville.
16. Zumarraga, first Bishop of Mexico. Dotrina
breve muy provechosa de las cosas que pertenecen a la
fe catolică. Printed at Mexico in 1543-44. The fourth
book printed in America. From the library of Maximilian,
Emperor of Mexico. Purchased in 1869.
17. Tercero Catechismo y Exposicion de la Doc-
trina Christiana per Sermones.-In Spanish, Quichua,
and Aymara. Printed at Lima by Antonio Ricardo in
1585. The third book printed in Peru. Purchased
in 1843.
18. Vocabulario de Japon.—Compiled in Portuguese
by the Jesuit Fathers, and published in Castilian by the
College of S. Thomas de Manila. Printed by Tomas
Pinpin in 1630. The first book printed in Manila.
Purchased in 1888.
19. De Missione Legatorum Japonensium ad
Romanam curiam.-Printed at Macao in 1590. The
first book printed by Europeans in China.
20. Yapuguai.—Explicacion de el Catechismo en
lengua Guarani, por Nicolas Yapuguai, con direccion
del P. Paulo Restivo de la Compañia de Jesus.-Printed
at S. Maria La Mayor in 1724. Purchased in 1889.
21. Varo. Arte de la lengua Mandarina.-Printed at
Canton in 1703. With transliterations of Chinese words.
Purchased in 1888.
22. Bible.—John Eliot's translation of the Scriptures
into the language of the Massachusetts Indians. Printed
by S. Green and M. Johnson at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
in 1661–62. From the library of King George III.
23. Busby.-A treatise on the culture of the Vine.
Printed by R. Howe, Australia (Sydney), 1825. The first
book printed in Australia.
24. Grand.-Narrative of the Life of a Gentleman
long resident in India. 1814. The first book printed
at the Cape of Good Hope. Purchased in 1874.
UwUdatia.
32
Case X.–Titlepages and Colophons.
One of the most curious points in the history of
early printing is the tardy adoption of what appears to
LL
was nearly forty years after the invention of printing
ere titlepages descriptive of the contents of the book
became general; nor were they, as a rule, completed by
the addition of the imprint and date for more than ten
years afterwards. The office of the title was discharged
by the colophon, or final paragraph, so termed from a
Greek word denoting summit, and hence completion,
placed consequently at the end of the book instead of
at the beginning. This apparently perverse arrange-
ment, an inheritance from the copyists of MSS., had
one useful feature: it admitted of more expatiation
than was feasible within the restricted limits of a
titlepage, and has thus facilitated the preservation of
many curious facts which the self-complacency and
garrulity of the early printers tempted them to record.
A few of the most remarkable colophons are here
exhibited, along with a small but choice collection of
ancient titlepages, tracing their development from the
most primitive beginnings to their definite form, and
terminating with examples of engraved frontispieces
and elaborate borders.
1. Cicero. Officiorum libri tres. Printed at Mentz,
by Fust and Schoeffer, Feb. 1469. The colophon de-
scribes its execution “non atramento plumali canna neque
aerea, sed arte quadam perpulchra," not by quill or reed
of brass, but by a certain most beautiful art. From the
library of King George III.
33
2. Phalaris. Epistolæ. Printed at Paris, about 1472,
by Gering, Crantz and Friburger. In place of the colo-
phon there is an epigram by Erhardus Vuindsberg in
which he praises the three printers, and celebrates their
art as one of the chief titles of Germany to honour. From
the library of King George III.
3. Cicero. Orationes Philippicae. Printed at Rome
about 1470, by Ulrich Hahn. In a metrical colophon the
printer, punning on the double meaning of the Latinised
form of his own name, assures the Geese, descendants of
the birds who saved the Capitol from the Gauls, that by
the art of Ulrich the Cock their feathers would no longer
be in request for pens. The next leaf exhibits a Register,
or list of first words on each leaf, sometimes printed at the
end of early books as a guide to the binder.
4. Cicero. Epistolae Familiares. Printed at Venice
by Joannes de Spira in 1469. The metrical colophon states
that this is the second edition of three hundred copies
printed by Joannes de Spira in four months. From the
library of King George III.
5. Musæus. Hero and Leander. Printed at Alcala
in 1514. An example of a colophon in Greek, instead of,
as was usual even in Greek books, in Latin. The
beautiful type is that employed in the Greek Testament
in the Complutensian Polyglot. Purchased in 1844.
6. Sermo ad populum predicabilis. In festo pre-
sentationis. Printed at Cologne by Arnold Therhoernen
in 1470. The first book with a titlepage. This book,
like the “ Liber de Remediis” exhibited in Case XVII., has
the leaves numbered with figures placed in the centre of
the right hand margin. Purchased in 1872.
7. Wireker. Speculum Stultorum. Printed about
1490. An early titlepage, probably unique in its modesty.
Purchased in 1888.
8. Canutus, Bishop of Aarhuus. A passing gode
lityll boke necessarye & behouefull agenst the Pestilence.
Printed by Machlinia at London about 1482. The first
English book with a titlepage. The second was the “ Chas-
with Caxton's types about ten years later.
34
9. Joannes Regiomontanus. Kalendarium. Printed
at Venice by Bernardus Pictor, Petrus Loslein, and Erhardus
Ratdolt in 1476. Editions in Italian and German were
issued simultaneously with this, with similar titlepages.
No earlier instance is known of an ornamental titlepage,
or of one which gives not only the name of the book
and date of publication, but also the place of imprint and
name of printer. Purchased in 1862.
10. Matheolus.
Le liure de matheolus
Qui uous monstre sans varier
Les biens et aussy les vertus
Qui vieignent pour soy marier.
Printed at Paris by Antoine Verard in 1492. This and
the next exhibit are examples of the decoration of the
titlepage by the elaboration of the initial L, a means of
ornament especially in favour with Verard. Purchased
in 1847.
11. Le Fevre. Le recueil des hystoires troyennes.
Printed at Lyons by Jacques Maillet in 1494. Pur-
chased in 1866.
12. Horius. Opusculum de Assumptione Beat. Marie
Virginis. Printed by Guy Marchant at Paris in 1500.
The notes of music complete Marchant's motto: Sola fides
sufficit. Purchased in 1878.
13. Griffus. De Creatione Regia. Printed by Felix
Baligault at Paris in 1498. Purchased in 1845.
14. Æsop. Fabule cum commento. Printed by Mi-
chel Le Noir at Paris about 1510.
15. Heures a l'usaige Dãgiers. Printed by Simon
Vostre at Paris in 1507. Purchased in 1848.
The above four examples illustrate the decoration of
the titlepage by the mark or device of the printer or
publisher. This method was in vogue, especially at
Paris, from about 1490 to the beginning of the second
half of the next century; and the use of devices, though
35
of a less conspicuous character, has continued to the
present day.
The next six examples illustrate the practice of
adorning the titlepage with a picture.
16. Les faitz et prouesses du noble et vaillant
cheualier Jourdain de Blaues, Printed at Paris in
1520. Purchased in 1847.
17. Missale Romanum. Printed at Venice in 1509
by Lucantonio Giunta. Purchased in 1870.
18. Andreas Corvus. De Cheiromantia. Printed at
Venice in 1513 by Aug. de Zannis. This may be called a
titlepage in dumbshow. The woodcut shows the subject
of the book, and the crow on the shield the name of the
author. Purchased in 1861. .
19. The Complaynt of the Soule. Printed at Lon-
don in 1510 by Wynkyn de Worde.
20. Kynge Richarde Cuer du Lyon. Printed at
London in 1528 by Wynkyn de Worde. Elsewhere Wyn-
kyn de Worde used this same cut to represent Robert the
Devil. Purchased in 1889.
21. Credo que Dante fece quando fu accusato per
heretico allo Inquisitore essendo lui a Rauenna. Pro-
bably printed at Florence about 1490. Purchased in
1848.
22. Aristotle. Dialectica resolutio cum textu. Printed
at Mexico in 1554 by J. Paulus Brissensis. A titlepage
interesting from the fact that the border which surrounds
it was designed for Edward Whitchurch, a London pub-
lisher, who used it for the First Prayer Book of Edward
VI., published five years earlier, of which a copy is shown
in Case XVII. Purchased in 1880.
23. Macchiavelli. The Florentine Historie trans-
lated by T. B. Esqr. Printed at London in 1595 for
William Ponsonby. This fine border was designed for
the second edition of Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia 1593,
and used again for the third edition, 1598. Purchased in
1867.
D 2
36
24. Lambard. A Perambulation of Kent. Printed
at London in 1596 by E. Bollifant. The border which
surrounds the title is made up of a number of head- and
tail-pieces joined in a block.
25. Paradin. Devises Heroiques. Printed at Lyons
in 1557 by Jean de Tournes. Purchased in 1870.
26. Drayton. Polyolbion. Printed at London in
1612. The titlepage was engraved by W. Hole.
27. Pastissier François. Printed at Amsterdam in
1655 by L. and D. Elzevier. Purchased in 1852.
37
Case XI.-Specimens of Early Printed and En-
graved Music.
One incidental advantage of the use of printing is the
registration of the date of new ideas and discoveries,
which usually coincides pretty closely with the period
when they emerge into print. This is especially obsery-
able in the history of music, which previous to the
invention of printing is exceedingly obscure, but
becomes traceable as improvements come to be recorded
successively in book after book. The dates 1473, 1475,
1487, 1495, 1503 and 1532, inscribed on books dis-
played in this case, will be found especially suggestive.
The date of 1495, on the first English book containing
musical notes, and that of 1530, on the first collection
of music printed in England, are of great national
interest. Nearly all the books here shown, moreover,
are remarkable for their rarity, and some for their
beauty or their quaintness. All characteristics are
combined in the fine plate in Narbaez's "Delphin de la
Musica,” where the patriotism of the Spanish artist
has apparently led him to locate Arion's adventure in
the Straits of Gibraltar.
1. Collectorium super Magnificat, by Jean Char-
lier de Gerson. Printed at Esslingen, by Conrad Fyner,
in 1473. The first book containing printed musical notes.
The notes are printed from punches, the lines of the stave
being left blank, to be filled in by hand. From the Library
of King George III.
2. Terminorum Musicae Diffinitorium, by Joannes
Tinctoris. Probably printed at Treviso, by Gerard de
38
Lisa, about 1475. The first musical dictionary printed.
From the library of King George III.
3. Theoricum Opus Musice, by Franchinus Gaforus,
printed at Naples by Franciscus di Dino, in 1480. The
woodcut represents the legendary discovery of the conso-
nances of Pythagoras. Bought in 1857.
4. Musices Opusculum, by Nicolaus Burtius, printed
at Bologna by Ugo de Rugeriis, in 1487. The earliest
book containing music printed from blocks. Bequeathed
by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
5. Flores Musice omnis cantus Gregoriani, by
Hugo Spechtshart. Printed at Strasburg, by J. Pryss,
in 1488. The woodcut represents the so-called) Hand of
Guido of Arezzo, a memoria technica for teaching the nine-
teen tones. Bought in 1862.
6. Theorica Musice, by Franchinus Gaforus, printed
at Milan by Philippus Mantegatius in 1492. Bought in
1857.
7. The Polychronicon of Ralph Higden, trans-
lated into English by John de Trevisa, and printed at
London by Wynkyn de Worde in 1495. The first book
printed in England containing musical notes. The
passage in which they occur relates the consonances of
Pythagoras. The double octave is wrongly printed, con-
taining a note too much. From the library of King
George III.
8. Lilium Musice plane, by Michael Reinspeck.
Printed at Basle by Michael Furter in 1496. Bought
in 1845.
9. Clarissima plane atque choralis musice in-
terpretatio, by Balthazar Prasperg. Printed at Basle
by Michael Furter, in 1501.
10. Opus Aureum, by Nicolas Wollick. Printed at
Cologne, by H. Quentel, in 1501.
11. Misse Petri de la Rue. Printed at Venice by
Octaviano Petrucci in 1503. One of the earliest books
printed by Petrucci, who is generally considered to have
invented moveable music-types.
. 39
12. Musicales Regule, by Guillerm Ĝuerson de
Longueville. Printed at Paris by Michael Thouloze,
about 1505.
13. Melopoiae sive Harmoniae Tetracenticae, by
P. Tritonius. Printed at Augsburg by Erhardt Oeglin,
in 1507. This is said to be the first music printed at a
single impression.
14. Libro de Musica Pratica, by Francisco Tovar.
Printed at Barcelona by J. Rosenbach in 1510. In this
work the staves only are printed, the notes being written
by hand. Bought in 1878.
15. Practica Musicae, by Franchinus Gaforus. Printed
at Venice by A. de Zannis de Portesio, in 1512. Bought in
1877.
16. A Collection of woodcuts, verses and music
in praise of the Emperor Maximilian. The music, which
is probably the first printed at Antwerp, is by Benedictus
de Opitiis, and is printed from wooden blocks. Printed at
Antwerp by Jan de Gheet, in 1515. Bought in 1876.
17. Etlich cristlich lider, Lobgesang, uñ Psalm.
Lutheran Hymns by Luther and Speratus. Printed at
Witenberg in 1524. Bought in 1862.
18. The Bass and part of the Treble part of a
collection of 20 English Songs by Cornysh, Taverner,
Cowper, Fayrfax and others. Printed at London by Wyn-
kyn de Worde in 1530. The earliest collection of music
printed in England. Bought in 1864.
19. Tractado de Canto Llano, by Matheo de
Aranda. Printed at Lisbon by German Gallard, in 1530.
Bought in 1886.
20. A New Interlude, and a mery of the nature of
the iiij elements, etc. Printed in London, about 1530.
21. Musica Instrumentalis, by Martin Agricola,
printed at Wittenberg, by Georg Rhaw, in 1532. One of
the earliest treatises on musical instruments. Bought in
1882.
22. Musica Teusch, auf die Instrument der grossen
vnnd kleinen Geygen, auch Lautten, welcher ... in die
40
Tabulatur, zu ordnen ... ist, by Hans Gerle. Printed at
Nürnberg, by Hieronymus Formschneider, in 1532.
Bought in 1888.
23. A Collection of Compositions, by Hans Gerle,
for the lute, in Tablature. Printed at Nürnberg by
Hieronymus Formschneider, in 1553. Bought in 1889.
24. El Libro del Delphin de Musica de cifras para
tañer Vihuela. By Luys de Narbaez. Printed at Valla-
dolid, by Diego Hernandez de Cordova, in 1538. A collec-
tion of compositions and arrangements for the Vihuela, a
six-stringed instrument analogous to the guitar. Printed
in Tablature, which was first introduced into Spain from
Italy by Narbaez. Bought in 1890.
· 25. The Booke of Common Praier noted, by
John Merbecke. Printed at London by R. Grafton, in
1550. Bought in 1845.
26. Liber Modulorum. Printed by Simon a Bosco
and Guillaume Gueroult, probably at Paris or Lyons, in
1555. The Superius of Books III. to vii. of a collection of
Motets by various composers. Bought in 1888.
27. Pseaumes de David mis en musique par T.
Champion. Printed at Paris by François Trepeau, in
1561. The Bass part of a collection of Psalms bound with
the arms of Charles -XI. on the covers. Bought in 1851.
28. The whole Psalmes in foure partes ... set
forth for the encrease of vertue, and the abolishyng of
other vayne and triflyng ballades. Printed by John Day,
at London, in 1563. The Tenor part of a collection of
Psalms by different composers. Bought in 1877.
29. Orgel- oder Instrument-Tabulatur, by E. N.
Amerbach, organist of the church of St. Thomas, Leipsic.
Printed by the heirs of J. Berwald, at Leipsic, in 1571.
This volume formerly belonged to J. S. Bach, and contains
his autograph. Bought in 1853.
30. Newerlessner... Lautenstück... in die Teutsche
Tabulatur, by Bernhard Jobin. Printed in Strasburg, by
B. Jobin, in 1572. Bought in 1886.
31. Poésies de P. de Ronsard, set to music by F
41
Regnard. Tenor part. Printed at Paris, by A. le Roy
and R. Ballard, in 1579. Bought in 1883.
32. Orchésographie, et traicté en forme de dialogue,
par lequel toutes personnes peuvent ... apprendre ...
l'honneste exercise des dances. By Thoinot Arbeau [i.e.
Jehan Tabourot, Canon of Langres.] Printed at Langres,
in 1588, by Jehan des Preyz. The earliest treatise on
Dancing.
33. Breve e facile maniera d'essercitarsi ad
ogni scolaro, by G. L. Conforti. Printed at Rome,
about 1590. One of the earliest works containing en-
graved music. Bought in 1877.
34. Canzonette da diversi musiei, con l'Inta-
volatura del cimbalo et del liuto, edited by Simone
Verovio. Printed at Rome in 1591. One of the earliest
books of engraved music. Bought in 1845.
35. A new Booke of Tabliture, containing sundrie
easie and familiar Instructions, shewing howe to attaine
to the knowledge, to guide and dispose thy hand to play
on sundry Instruments, etc. By William Barley. Printed
for the author, at London, in 1596.
36. Fantasies of Three Parts, by Orlando Gibbons.
Cut in Copper, the like not heretofore extant. Engraved
at London, probably by William Hole, about 1610.
Bought in 1845.
37. The Teares or Lamentacions of a sorrow-
full Soule : Composed with Musicall Ayres, and Songs,
both for Voyces and diuers Instruments. Set foorth by
Sir William Leighton, Knight. Printed at London, by
William Stansby, in 1614. Dedicated to Charles I., when
Prince of Wales, to whom this copy belonged.
38. Compendium Musicæ Latino-Germanicum,
by Adam Gumpelzhaimer. Printed at Augsburg, by J.
Ư. Schönig, in 1616. A presentation copy, printed on
vellum, with coloured illustrations, a portrait of the
author inserted, and an autograph.
39. The Pleasant Companion, or new lessons for
the Flagelet. Printed at London, by John Playford, in
1682. Bought in 1869.
42
40. Paradisisches Wunder-Spiel, welches sich in
diesen letzten Zeiten ... in denen Abend-Ländischen
Welt-Theilen als ein Vorspiel der Neuen Welt hervor
gethan. Printed at Ephrata (Pennsylvania), in 1754.
A collection of hymns, etc., of the Sieben Taeger, or
Seventh Day Baptists. The words and staves are printed,
the notes inserted in MS. Bought in 1875.
41. Choix de Chansons de J. B. dela Borde ...
ornées d'estampes par J. M. Moreau (le Jeune). Tome 1.
Engraved by Moria and Mlle Vendôme. Printed by De
Lormel at Paris, in 1773. Bought in 1852.
de Chans Bought in 18taves are printem
Case XII.-Portraits, Prints, etc.
an
The design of the small exhibition of engraved
portraits in this case is to do honour to eminent direct
and indirect benefactors of libraries — the fathers of
printing - a few of their most eminent successors,
great librarians like Panizzi and Magliabecchi, biblio-
graphers like Bradshaw, and special benefactors of the
British Museum like Sloane and Grenville. It is only
necessary to add that some of the delineations of
ancient printers must be regarded as ideal; and that
the case also contains some illustrations of the pro-
cesses of printing and binding, as represented in early
printed books.
1. Titlepage (from Bagford's collection) exhibiting
device of the printing press of Jodocus Badius Ascensius.
2. Titlepage exhibiting another representation of a
press belonging to the same printer.
3. Titlepage (from Bagford's collection) exhibiting
the same press, 1557.
4. Plate, by Jost Amman, from the “Panoplia" of
Schopperus (first published in 1568), showing printers at
work.
5. Plate from same book, shewing binders at work.
6. Titlepage of Bernardus a Mallinckrot's Do Ortu et
Progressu Artis Typographicæ, exhibiting representations
of various processes connected with printing, also tradi-
tional portraits of Gutenberg and Fust.
7. Traditional portrait of Johann Gutenberg, the
inventor of printing.
44
8. Portrait of Aldus Pius Manutius, the founder of
the Aldine Press at Venice, b. 1449, d. 1515.
9. Portrait of Paulus Manutius, his son b. 1511,
d. 1574.
10. Portrait of Robert Estienne, French scholar
and printer, b. 1503, d. 1559.
11. Portrait of Christopher Plantin, a French printer
at Antwerp, b. 1514, d. 1589. Founder of the celebrated
Maison Plantin. Engraved from a portrait by Goltzius.
printer, b. 1460, d. 1527. After Holbein.
13. Six portraits of Early English Printers, drawn
by the younger Faithorne for John Bagford, the Biblio-
clast. The printers represented are Caxton, Wynkyn de
Worde, Reginald Wolfe, Richard Grafton, John Day,
and John Wight. The last four portraits are authentic,
but the head of Caxton is really a portrait of Burchiello,
an Italian poet of the 16th century, and that of Wynkyn
de Worde is from an engraving of Joachim Ringelberg,
of Antwerp.
14. Portrait of John Baskerville, the most cele-
brated of later English printers, b. 1706, d. 1775.
15. Portrait of William Caslon, the first great
English letter-founder, b. 1692, d. 1766.
Library Benefactors and Librarians.
16. Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., b. 1660, d. 1752. Pre-
sident of the Royal Society and of the College of Physi-
cians, whose collections formed the nucleus of the British
Museum. Engraved in 1729 by J. Faber, after the
portrait painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1716.
17. Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, b. 1755, d. 1846.
A trustee of the British Museum, and donor of the
Grenville Library. Engraved by T. A. Dean, after the
45
18. Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., President
of the Royal Society, and donor of the Banksian Collection,
b. 1743, d. 1820. Engraved in 1789 by J. Collyer, after
the portrait by J. Russell.
19. Rev. Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode. A col-
lector of books and drawings, b. 1730, d. 1799. His prints
and library of 4500 volumes, mostly rare books, were
- bequeathed to the Museum. Engraved from the drawing
by Edridge.
20. Sir Anthony Panizzi, b. 1797, entered the
Trustees' service, 1831, appointed Keeper of the Printed
Books, 1837, Principal Librarian, 1856, d. 1879. Original
etching by Louis Fagan.
21. Sir Thomas Bodley, b. 1544, d. 1612. Founder
of the Bodleian Library.
22. Henry Bradshaw, b. 1831, d. 1886. Librarian
of the University Library at Cambridge from 1867 to his
death. Etching by H. Herkomer, from a portrait painted
by him.
23. William Blades, printer, author of the Life of
Caxton, b. 1824, d. 1890.
24. Antonio Magliabecchi, librarian to Cosmo III.,
Grand Duke of Florence, and himself the founder of the
Maglia becchian Library at Florence. Famous for his
marvellous memory, b. 1633, d. 1714.
25. Sir Frederick Augusta Barnard, b. 1743,
d. 1830. Librarian to George III. during the time the
King's Library was collected. Engraved by S. W.
Reynolds, after his portrait by John Knight.
46
Case XIII.—Specimens of Fine and Sumptuous
Printing
In this and the two following cases will be found
some of the most remarkable historical examples of
books produced with an especial purpose of maginificent
execution; where consequently sumptuousness was of
the essence of the work, and not, as in the grand or
exquisite productions of the very earliest German and
and Italian Press, a mere accompaniment. A most
typical volume of this class is the Tewrdannck in
Case XIII., alongside of which will be observed Bettini's
Monte Sancto di Dio, the first book illustrated with
copper-plate engravings, and the renowned Polifilo.
The department of engraving is continued in the op-
posite case, No. XIV., which displays many exceptional
curiosities. Case XV. is chiefly devoted to books
adorned with illuminated frontispieces or initials, sur-
vivals of the practice of illuminating MSS. It will be
noticed how generally these beautiful volumes are exe-
nigo, Pope Sixtus IV., the younger Lorenzo de' Medici,
and Cardinal Wolsey.
. 1. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili.—Printed at Venice
by Aldus in 1499. With fine woodcuts, from designs
which have been attributed to various distinguished
artists, but without sufficient authority in any instance.
2. Petrarch. Sonetti e Canzoni.—Printed at Venice
by Aldus in 1501. On vellum. The first Italian book
printed in Italic type. This copy formerly belonged to
Isabella d'Este, who married Gian-Francesco Gonzaga,
47 :
Marquis of Mantua. Her arms are emblazoned on the
lower margin of the first page of this volume. Bequeathed
by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
3. Horace.-First Aldine edition, printed at Venice in
1501. On vellum. Bequeathed by the Right Hon.
Thomas Grenville..
4. Dante. Terze Rime.-Printed at Venice by Aldus
in 1502. On vellum. Renouard states this edition of
Dante to be the first book in which Aldus employed the
device of the anchor. Bequeathed by the Right Hon.
Thomas Grenville.
5. Virgil.-Printed at Venice by Aldus in 1514. On
large paper. Although dated 1514, this is one of the
copies of the edition printed about 1519. Bequeathed
by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
6. Bettini. El Monte Sancto di Dio.-Printed at
Florence by Niccolo di Lorenzo, 1477. The first book
illustrated with copper-plate engravings. Bequeathed by
the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
7. Frezzi. Quatriregio in terza rima volgare che
tracta di quatro Reami.—Printed at Florence in 1508.
With fine woodcuts, which have been attributed, but
without sufficient reason, to Luca Signorelli.
8. A Book of Prayers supposed to have been printed
for the private use of the Emperor Maximilian I., by
Johann Schoensperger, at Augsburg, in 1514. On vellum.
Unique in this state. Purchased in 1845.
9. Tewrdannek. An allegorical Poem, in German,
written by Melchior Pfintzing, on occasion of the marriage
of the Emperor Maximilian I. with Maria of Burgundy.
-Printed by J. Schoensperger at Nuremberg in 1517.
On vellum. Many eminent printers have declared this
magnificent volume to be a xylographic production. It
was, however, printed from moveable metal types, and all
the ornaments, initials, and flourishes were engraved
either on wood or lead, and skilfully adjusted in the text.
Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
48
10. St. John Climacus. De las tablas y escalera
spiritual.—Printed at Toledo in 1504. On vellum. Pur-
chased in 1848.
11. Bonnor, L'Arbre des Batailles.—Printed at Paris
by Antoine Verard in 1493.
12. Horæ ad usum Sarum.—Printed at Paris by
Philippe Pigouchet, in 1501. On vellum. Purchased in
1852.
13. Milton, Paradise Lost.—Printed at Birmingham
by John Baskerville, in 1759. On large paper. From
the library of King George III.
14. Anacreon.—Printed at Parma by Bodoni, in
capital letters, in 1791. On vellum. Bequeathed by the
Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
15. Horace. Henri Didot, Paris, 1828.—Printed in
the smallest type ever produced, engraved and cast by
Henri Didot hiñself, in 1827, at the age of sixty-six, and
called by him “caractères microscopiques." Purchased in
1843.
16. Homer. Odyssey, in Greek.-Printed at London
by Charles Whittingham for William Pickering, in 1831.
One of twelve copies printed on vellum. Purchased in
1855.
49
Case XIV.-Specimens of Illustrations engrave
on Wood and Metal.
rationer abone otöttet.bmpen von
1. Tyberinus. Die geschicht und legend von dem
seyligen Kind und Marterer genannt Symon von den Juden
zŭ Trientt gemarteret und getöttet.-Printed at Augs-
burg by Gunther Zainer about 1475. An early specimen
of woodcut illustration. Purchased in 1846.
2. Der Endehrist.-—The first typographical edition,
with coloured woodcuts, printed at Nuremberg or Ulm
about 1472. Purchased in 1856.
3. Breydenbach. Opus transmarinæ peregrinationis
ad sepulchrum dominicum in Jherusalem.-Printed at
Mentz, in 1486. On vellum. One of the earliest books of
travels printed, and the first illustrated with folding
views. From the library of King George III.
4. Dürer. Epitome in Diva Parthenices Mariæ his-
toriam ab Alberto Dürero per figuras digestam : cum
versibus Chelidonii. - Printed by Albert Dürer at
Nuremberg in 1511. From the library of King
Georoma bere helidonit Dür
5. Passional Christi und Antichristi. Witten-
berg, 1521.–The illustrations by Lucas Cranach. Pur-
chased in 1846.
6. Holbein, Les Simulachres & historiees faces de la
of Death.
7. Holbein. Historiarum Veteris Testamenti Icones.
Lugduni, 1539.—The second edition of Holbein's Bible
cuts.
8. Amman. Charta Lusoria. Nuremberg, 1588.-
Woodcuts of playing cards designed by Jost Amman,
with illustrative verses in Latin and German, composed
by J. H. Schroter, the Imperial Poet Laureate. Pur-
chased in 1846.
50
9. Map of Cambridge, engraved by Richard Lyne
--in Caius, Historia Cantabrigiensis Academiæ. Lond.
1574. Only one other copy known. A presentation copy
of the book from John Parker, son of Matthew Parker,
Archbishop of Canterbury, to James I. From the Old
Royal Collection.
10. The procession at the Obsequies of Sir
Philip Sydney, drawn and invented by T. L[ant], Gent.,
servant to the said honourable Knight, and engraved on
Intended to form a long roll. The only perfect copy :
known. Bequeathed by Miss Banks.
11. Ariosto. Orlando Furioso. Translated by Sir
John Harrington.—Printed at London in 1591. 6 The
pictures cut in brasse are by the best workmen in that
kinde in this land for mine owne part I have not seene
anie made in England better. -As for other books in this
realme, yet all their figures are cut in wood and none in
metall.”—This is sometimes, but erroneously, called the
earliest English book with copper-plate engravings.
Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
12. De Bry. A German narrative of the Gunpowder
Plot, with plates representing the trial and execution of
the conspirators, printed at Frankfort in 1606. Be-
queathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
13. Hollar. The True Effigies of King Charles,
Queen Mary, with the rest of the Royall Progenie. Plates
by Hollar and Vaughan.-London, 1641. Bequeathed by
the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
14. Hollar. Dance of Death, engraved from the
designs of Holbein, and published in Paris in 1651.
Case XV.-Specimens of Illuminations and
Sumptuous Printing.
1. Cicero. Officiorum libri tres.--On vellum. Printed
at Mentz by Fust and Schoeffer, in 1466. The second
edition. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
2. Justin. - On vellum. First edition, printed at
Venice by Jenson, in 1470. This copy formerly belonged
to a member of the Donato family, the arms of which are
represented in the initial letter C on the first page. From
the library of King George III.
3. Cicero. Epistolæ ad Familiares. —- On vellum.
Printed at Venice by Jenson, in 1475. Bequeathed by
the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
4. Euclid's Geometry, in Latin, On vellum.
Printed at Venice by Ratdolt, in 1482. The first edi-
tion, and one of the first books printed with diagrams.
Presentation copy to the Doge Giovanni Mocenigo, to
whom the edition is dedicated. From the library of King
George III.
5. Martial. Epigrammata.—On vellum. Printed at
Venice by Aldus, in 1501. From the library of King
George III.
6. Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius. -- On vellum.
Printed at Venice by Aldus, in 1502. Bequeathed by
the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
7. Aulus Gellius. Noctes Atticæ.-Printed at Flo-
rence by Giunta, in 1513. The presentation copy to the
younger Lorenzo de' Medici, to whom the book is dedi-
cated, and the only copy known on vellum. Bequeathed
by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
8. Plautus. Comoediæ. On vellum. Printed at Flo-
rence by Giunta, in 1514. Probably the presentation copy
to Lorenzo II. de' Medici, to whom the book is dedicated.
From the library of King George III.
E 2
52
9. Fichet. Rhetoricorum libri.-On vellum. Printed
at Paris by Gering, Friburger, and Cranz, in 1471. One
of the earliest productions of the Paris press. A presenta-
tion copy to Pope Sixtus IV. Bequeathed by the Rev.
C. M. Cracherode.
10. Hours for the use of the Diocese of Paris.-
On vellum. Printed at Paris by P. Pigouchet, about 1488.
Purchased in 1848.
11. Hours for the use of the Diocese of Rome.-
On vellum. Printed at Paris by P. Pigouchet, in 1493.
Purchased in 1847.
12. Les Chroniques de France.-On vellum. Printed
at Paris by Antoine Verard, in 1493. Purchased in
1848.
13. Hours for the use of the Diocese of Rome. -
On vellum. Printed at Paris by P. Pigouchet, in 1498.
Purchased in 1842.
14. Missale ecclesie Rothomagensis.--On vellum.
Printed at Rouen by Martin Morin, in 1499. Purchased
in 1851.
15. Heures à l'usaige de Romme. - On vellum.
Printed in “agenda” form at Paris by Ant. Chappiel,
in 1504. Unique in this shape. Presented by the Rev.
J. Horner.
16. Galen. Methodus Medendi. T. Linacro inter-
prete.--On vellum. Printed at Paris in 1519. A pre-
sentation copy from Linacre to Cardinal Wolsey. At the
foot of the titlepage a Cardinal's hat is painted, a blank
space being left for Wolsey's arms. From the Old Royal
Collection.
53
Case XVI.-Books with Autographs. Broadsides.
The great additional value imparted to a book by the
autograph or MS. annotations of a celebrated possessor
requires no comment. The single case devoted to this
department will suffice to indicate what human and
personal interest may belong to even an ordinary book.
1. The Autograph of Martin Luther, dated 1542,
in the second volume of a copy of the German Bible,
printed at Wittemberg in 1541. The same copy was
afterwards in the possession of Melanchthon, who in 1557
wrote a long note on the fly-leaf of the first volume, also
exhibited. Purchased in 1829.
2. The Autograph of Philip Melanchthon on the
first volume of the German Bible, printed at Wittemberg
in 1541.
3. Calvin's Commentary on St. John's Gospel.
Printed in 1553. With a MS. note of presentation by
the Author. Purchased in 1849.
4. The Autograph of Michelagnolo Buonarroti,
commonly called Michael Angelo, in a copy of the “Rime”
of Vittoria Colonna, printed at Venice in 1558. Pur-
chased in 1850.
5. Il Castiglione, by Gritio. Printed in 1586. With
MS. notes by Tasso. Purchased in 1848.
6, Voltaire's Essay on the Civil Wars, written by
him in English.—Printed in 1727. With a note of pre-
sentation by the author to Sir Hans Sloane. From the
Sloane Collection.
7. The Autograph of Arthur, Prince of Wales
(Arthure le prince), in a Book of Hours for the use of Salis-
bury printed at Paris about 1495, and presented by him
to Thomas Poyntz. Purchased in 1876.
54
8. Autograph Inscription by Queen Elizabeth in
a copy of the New Testament, printed about 1528, given
by her to Anne Poyntz. Purchased in 1868.
9. The Autograph of William Cecil, Lord Burgh-
ley, on a copy of Geuffroy, Briefve Description de la Court
du Grant Turc: Paris, 1546. Bequeathed by the Right
Hon. Thomas Grenville.
10. The Autograph of Robert Devereux, second
Earl of Essex, on a copy of Celsus, De sanitate tuenda.
Antwerp, 1539. From the Old Royal Collection.
11. The Autograph of Lord Bacon, on a copy of
the works of Fulgentius: Cologne, 1526. Purchased in
1837.
12. The Autograph of Ben Jonson, on a presenta-
tion copy to John Florio of the first edition of his
Volpone, printed in 1607. From the library of King
George III.
13. The Autograph of Henry, Prince of Wales,
eldest son of King James I., on a copy of Cicero, De
Officiis : Cologne, 1581. From the Old Royal Col-
lection.
14. The Autograph of Charles I., when Prince of
Wales, in a volume of Almanacks of the year 1624, be-
longing to James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
15. Bacon's Advancement of Learning. Oxford,
1640. With 23 apophthegms inserted by Charles I. with
his own hand. From the Old Royal Collection.
16. The Autograph of Milton, on a copy of Aratus'
Phænomena, printed at Paris in 1559. Purchased in
1850.
17. Autograph notes by the Emperor Napoleon I.,
written in pencil in a copy of Bülow's “ Histoire de la
Campagne de 1800,” lent to him during his exile at St.
Helena by Captain (afterwards Major-General) Emmett.
The notes in ink are transcripts of the notes in pencil,
in the handwriting of General Emmett. Purchased in
1891,
55
18. The Autograph of Sir Isaac Newton, on a
summons to the Fellows of the Royal Society, for the
election of the Council and Officers, 1st Dec. 1712.
19. Sir Hans Sloane's Catalogus Plantarum quæ in
Insula Jamaica sponte proveniunt, 1696. With MS. notes
by the author. From the Sloane Collection.
20. Autograph Notes by Richard Bentley in a
copy of Lucan's Pharsalia, printed at Leyden in 1627.
21. Smollett's Travels through France and Italy :
London, 1766. With the author's notes, hitherto un-
published, for a new edition. Purchased in 1872.
22. Autograph notes by Coleridge in a copy of
Stillingfleet's Origines Sacræ, London, 1675, which
belonged to Thomas Poole, of Nether Stowey. Purchased
in 1873.
23, Autograph of Shelley, with the date 1813, in a
copy of The Post Chaise Companion, or Traveller's Direc-
tory througb Ireland, Dublin, [1810?] Purchased in
1890.
24. Proof-sheets of Sir Walter Scott's novel of
“ Woodstock" (original edition, 1826), with James
Ballantyne's criticisms and suggestions, Sir Walter's
answers, and the changes made in consequence. Pur-
chased in 1868.
25. Autograph of George Washington, President
of the United States, in a copy of Ogilvie's Essay on the
right of property in Land. London, [1781.] Presented
by Henry Stevens, Esq.
56
Case XVII.--Curiosities,
The number of objects in almost any great library
which might be justly described as curiosities is very
great, and there is perhaps but little in the present
exhibition which might not be so regarded from some
point of view. The restricted sense in which the term
curiosity is confined to an object of exceptional singu-
larity is that chiefly illustrated in this and the succeed-
ing case. Under this definition come the earliest
examples of typographical improvement shown in
Case XVII., the first books known to have been
respectively provided with pagination, register, and
catchwords. Closely allied to them are the first
hitherto ascertained portrait of an author in his own
printed book, and the first book known to have been
printed for gratuitous distribution. Separated from
these by the famous Bible which fills the post of
honour, is a group of first editions of great English
books. Crossing to the other side, the visitor will
observe in Case XVIII, a kindred group illustrating
the discovery of Columbus, succeeded by a correspond-
ing illustration of the nearly contemporary revolution
associated with the name of Luther; and in close
proximity to the first practical treatise on chess, the
first examples of Anglo-Saxon and Irish typography,
and the earliest printed essays towards the two great
discoveries of navigation by steam and communica-
tion by electricity. In all these instances priority
has been made the chief criterion of curiosity, but
curiosities in the more ordinary sense will be noticed
57
A
in the example of the horn-books which instilled the
rudiments of knowledge into our ancestors, and that of
the volumes which emerged entire, though not un-
scathed, from the burning of the Palais Royal. Along
with such singularities as the Admirable Crichton's
challenge, the first known advertisement of a book,
and a playbill from the Polar Circle, the upper part of
Case XVII. displays a magnificent instance of music
printing, and one of artistic illustration lavished
on an Italian almanac; while the corresponding
compartment of Case XVIII. is devoted to broadside
proclamations put forth by authority in Great Britain
and the United States, memorable, or significant, or
merely curious. The lower part of each case is occu-
pied with imposing volumes, in the selection of which
size and legibility have necessarily been leading con-
siderations.
1. Advertisement of the books sold by Anton Ko-
burger at Nuremberg about 1480. Purchased in 1846.
2. Hand-bill, circulated and posted on the church-
doors in Venice, containing an account of the extra-
ordinary endowments of the “ Admirable " Crichton; with
his challenge to a public disputation to be held in the
Church of St. John and St. Paul.-Printed at Venice,
in 1580. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
3. Circular of James I., dated July, 1604, demanding
a private loan. Tho demand in this instance was for
£30, repayment of which was made in May, 1608.
Purchased in 1890.
4. An Advertisement of the edition of Saint Jerome's
Epistles published by Peter Schoeffer, at Mentz, in 1470.
Purchased in 1872.
5. Joannes Franciscus Ferrariensis. Principium
et ars totius Musice.--Printed at Rome by Antonio
Strambi about 1530. The Hand represents a Memoria
58
Technica for teaching the nineteen tones. Purchased in
1871.
6. “Royal Arctic Theatre.”—Play-bill on chamois
leather, printed on board H.M.S. Assistance, off Griffith's
Island, in the winter of 1850–51. Presented in 1851.
7. Italian Almanack in four sheets, printed at Venice
by Joannes Osthaus, in 1550. The sheets shown represents
Autumn and Winter.
8. Tacitus. First edition.-Printed at Venice by
Vindelinus de Spira, about 1469. The earliest book in
which the binder was guided in arranging the leaves
by the first word of each leaf being printed as a catch-
word at the foot of the preceding one. Bequeathed by
the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
9. Adrianus, Carthusiensis. Liber de Remediis
utriusque fortune.—Printed by Arnold Therhoernen, at
Cologne, in 1471. One of the first books in which the
leaves were numbered. Therhoernen, who introduced the
practice, began by placing the figures in the centre of the
parents hand 221 Expositi a beck, in this
11. Attavanand Paolatained at
10. Nider. Expositio Decalogi.—Printed at Cologne
by Johann Koelhof, of Lubeck, in 1472. The first book in
which small letters, or signatures, were printed at the
foot of the leaf as a guide to the binder in arranging the
sheets. From the library of King George III.
11. Attavanti. Quadragesimale.--Printed at Milan by
Scinzenzeler and Pachel in 1479. Probably the first
printed book which contained a portrait of its author.
12. St. Barbara. Informatio de genealogia beatissime
virginis Barbare. Fecit imprimere Raymundus Cardinalis
Gurcen. ut distribuat gratis diversis personis et ecclesiis
quibus dedit reliquias.-Printed at Mentz by Johann
Schöffer, 1503. The first book hitherto known to have
been printed for gratuitous distribution.
13. The Great Bible, April, 1540.-On vellum. This
is called the second edition of Cranmer's Bible, but is the
first revised by him, and having his preface. The arms
of the Earl of Essex, which were inserted in the titlepage
of the first edition (1539), were cut out after his execu-
59
tion. Presentation copy to Henry VIII., as is shown by
the following MS. inscription on the reverse of the fly-
leaf :-“This Booke is presented unto your most excellent
highnesse by youre loving, faithfull, and obedient Subject
and daylye Oratour, Anthonye Marler, of London, Haber-
dassher." From the Old Royal Collection.
14. The Book of Common Prayer, London, E.
Whitchurche, March 7th, 1549.-First edition of the first
Reformed Prayer Book of King Edward VI. Purchased
in 1848.
15. The New Testament.—Printed at Cologne, by
Peter Quentell, 1525. A fragment of the first edition of
Tyndale's Translation, which he was printing at Cologne
when he was interdicted and obliged to quit the city
through the machinations of Cochlæus. This is also the
earliest specimen of a printed version of the Scriptures in
English. The only remaining fragment of an edition of
3000 copies. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
16. A Ballade of the Scottyshe Kynge.- By John
Skelton. Printed by Richard Fawkes, at London, in 1513.
On the Scottish defeat at Flodden. The only copy known
of the first English printed ballad extant. Purchased in
1878.
17. Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories,
and Tragedies.—Printed by Isaac Jaggard and Edward
Blount, London, 1623. The first collected edition of
Shakespeare's Plays. With dedication to William Earl
of Pembroke and Philip Earl of Montgomery, signed by
John Heminge and Henry Condell, the editors, and two
of the principal actors of Shakespeare's plays. The lines
facing the portrait are by Ben Jonson: the portrait is
by Martin Droeshout. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
18. Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet. London, 1597.
First edition. Bequeathed by David Garrick.
19. Milton. Paradise Lost. London, 1667. First
edition. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Gren-
ville.
20. Walton's Complete Angler. London, 1653.
facing Principal and
60
First edition. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph
Banks.
21. Bunyan. The Pilgrim's Progress. London, 1678.
First edition. Purchased in 1884.
22. Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. London, April, 1719.
First edition. Purchased in 1852.
23. Animuccia. Missarum liber primus.--Printed at
Rome in 1567. Arranged so that all four parts could be
sung from the same book. With fine initials.
24. Lasso. Officia.--Printed at Munich, by Adamus
Berg, in 1580. Arranged so that all five parts could be
sung from one book.
25. Antiphonarium Romanum.-Printed at Venice
by Lucantonio Giunta about 1500. Purchased in 1860.
26. Prior. Occasional Poems. London, 1718. The
author's profits from this edition were no less than 4000
guineas. Probably the largest and most remuneratire
volume of occasioual verse ever printed. From the
library of King George III.
edition. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
Case XVIII.-Curiosities.-Broadsides.
5. Orde Lord Protector King Char
1. Proclamation for using and exercisyng of longe
bowes and maintayninge of archery within this realme.
Printed by Pynson, London, 1511.
2. Proclamation for dampning of erronious bokes &
heresies & prohibitinge the havinge of holy scripture
translated into the vulgar tonges. London, 1530.
3. Proclamation for the Byble of the largest and
greatest volume to be had in every churche. Printed by
Ř. Grafton & E. Whitchurch, London, 1541.
4. Official Duplicate of the Proclamation of the
Emancipation of the Slaves in the United States, Jan.
1st, 1863, with the autograph signature of President
Lincoln, and counter-signed by Mr. Secretary Seward.
Presented by Charles G. Leland, Esq.
5. Order of the Council of State, appointing
Cromwell Lord Protector. - Dated December 16, 1653.
6. Proclamation by King Charles II., ordering the
suppression of the “Defensio pro Populo Anglicano,"
and of the “Iconoclastes," by Milton, who is therein
stated to have fled from justice.—Dated Aug. 13, 1660.
7. Proclamation issued by the Lords Justices, dated
September 15th, 1714, offering £100,000 for the appre-
hension of the Pretender, Prince James, should he attempt
to land in England.
8. Proclamation of Prince Charles Edward, styling
himself Prince of Wales, offering £30,000 for the appre-
hension of King George II., who is therein styled Elector
of Hanover: dated August 22nd, 1745.
9. Albonesius. Introductio in Chaldaicam linguam.
Printed at Pavia by T. M. Simoneta in 1539. In the
“ Appendix multarum diversarumque litterarum” is a
letter, here shown, purporting to be the Devil's answer to
the conjuration of Ludovicus Spoletanus. Purchased in
1860.
62
10. Terence, Comcediæ. Printed by Pynson, at
London, in 1497. With the exception of the Cicero Iro
Milone printed at Oxford, of which only a fragment has
been preserved, the first-Latin classic printed in England.
From the library of King George III.
11. Chrysostom. Homiliæ duæ. Latin and Greek.
Printed at London, by Reginald Wolfe, in 1543. The
first Greek work printed in England.
12. Berenger de la Tour. L'Amie des Amies—an
imitation of the episode of Zerbino and Isabella, by
Ariosto.-Printed at Lyons, in 1558, by Granjon, in
cursive characters, termed Caractères de Civilité, invented
by him. From the library of King George III.
13. Aelfric. A Testimonie of Antiquitie. Printed at
London, by John Day, about 1566. The first instance of
the use of Anglo-Saxon type.
14. O'Kearney. Aibidil Gaoidheilige. Printed at
Dublin, by John Usher, in 1571. Probably the first
instance of the use of Irish type.
15. Ramirez de Lucena. Repeticion de Amores.
Probably printed at Salamanca, about 1495.—The first
practical work on Chess; that by Caxton being a morali-
zation of the game. Purchased in 1855.
16. Columbus. Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas
nostra multum debet: de Insulis Indie supra Gangem
nuper inuentis.—Printed at Rome by Eucharius Argen-
eight months after his discoveries, and translated into
Latin by Aliander de Cosco, is the first printed document
relative to America. Bequeathed by the Right Hon.
Thomas Grenville.
17. La Lettera dell'isole che ha trovato nuovamente
il re dispagna, per Giuliano Dati tradocta. Florence, 1493.
-The account by Columbus of his discovery of the West
Indies, translated into ottava rima. Unique. Acquired
in 1847.
18. Columbus. Epistola de Insulis Indie. Printed
at Basle, in 1494.-A rare edition, with woodcuts, of
63
Columbus's Letter on the discovery of the West Indies.
Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
19. Hylacomylus (M.) Cosmographiæ Rudimenta.
Printed at St. Dié, in Ìorraine, in September, 1507.-In
this work it was first proposed that the name America
should be given to the continent now so called. Pur-
chased in 1843.
20. Henry VIII., King of England. Assertio sep-
tem Sacramentorum. Printed by Pynson, at London, in
1521.-The first edition of the work for which Pope
Leo X. conferred upon Henry the title of “Defender of
the Faith.” From the Old Royal Collection.
21. Luther's Ninety-five Theses, or Propositions,
against the Doctrine of Indulgences and other points,
which, on the 31st October, 1517, he posted on the doors
of the church of Wittemberg, and upon which he challenged
all the world to dispute with him in the University.
Purchased in 1846.
22. Luther's Appeal to a General Council against
the proceedings commenced against him at Rome and
elsewhere by order of the Pope.-Dated Nov. 28, 1518.
Purchased in 1846.
23. Indulgence issued by Pope Leo X. for the re-
building of St. Peter's at Rome, 1517. On vellum.
This Indulgence was sold by Tetzel and Samson as Sub-
Commissaries under Albert, Archbishop of Mentz and
Magdeburg, and called forth the protest of Martin Luther,
which was the commencement of the Reformation. Pur-
chased in 1875.
24. Hulls (Jonathan) A description and draught of a
new-invented machine for carrying vessels or ships out of
or into any harbour, port, or river, against wind and tide,
or in a calm. For which His Majesty has granted Letters
Patent, &c., London, 1737.—The first printed description
of a steamboat. See Robert Stuart's Anecdotes of Steam
Engines, i. 200. From the Old Royal Collection.
25. Hornbook, containing the Alphabet, Lord's
Prayer, etc. Printed about 1700. Purchased in 1859.
64
26. Marquis Du Prat. Essai sur la vie d'Antoine
Du Prat. Printed at Versailles in 1854. From the
library of Prince Napoleon, damaged at the burning of
the Palais Royal in the insurrection of the Paris Com-
mune, 1871. Purchased in 1888.
27. Morrison (C.) Letter to the Scots Magazine, Feb.
1st, 1753, containing, as it is believed, the first suggestion
for the practical application of electricity to the transmis-
sion of messages.
28. St. Thomas Aquinas. Opera omnia. Printed at
Rome, in 1570–71. One of a set of seventeen volumes
printed on vellum, being the most extensive work of this
description ever executed. This copy is said to have be-
longed successively to Pope Pius V. and to Philip II., King
of Spain. Presented by Coventry Patmore, Esq.
29. Ptolemy. Cosmographia. Printed at Ulm, by
Leonard Hol, in 1482. From the library of King
George III.
30. Antiquities of the Russian Empire, published
by order of Nicholas I. Printed at Moscow, 1849. The
plate exhibited represents the crown used at the corona-
tion of Peter the Great. Purchased in 1852.
31. Bartolus de Saxoferrato super Infortiato,
Printed at Venice, by Vindelinus de Spira, in 1471. In
the original stamped binding by Conradus de Argen-
tina, with label and a portion of a chain attached. Pur-
chased in 1891.
32. Veterum Mathematicorum Opera. Printed
at Paris in 1693. The plate exhibited shows an auto-
matic machine invented by the mathematician Hero (of
Alexandria), who lived in the 3rd century B.C., by which,
on a small coin being placed in a slot in a wine vessel, a
cup of wino was poured forth. From the library of King
George III.
33. Vitruvius. De Architectura. Printed at Milan in
1521. The plate exhibited displays a plan in perspective
of Milan Cathedral, one of the earliest representations in
a printed book of a specimen of Gothic architecture.
From the library of King George III.
Case XIX.-Obverse.Specimens of Early Printed
Books from Japan, China, and Korea,
This exhibition is arranged so as to show the con-
nexion between the pictorial arts of China and Japan,
and to give an opportunity of comparing the works of
artists of the different Japanese schools, viz. :--the
Chinese, Sesshiu, Kano, Shijo, Korin, and Popular
schools. A comparison of the Chinese engravings in
these Cases with the contents of the remaining Cases is
enough to show that the principle of the two arts is the
same. They both have their origin in caligraphy, and
this becomes obvious when we trace the close con-
nexion which exists between the caligraphic and
pictorial arts in both countries. As an introduction to
the engravings, there will be found in Case XIX.
some specimens of early printing from Japan and
China, beginning with three of the most ancient
specimens of printing which are known to exist any.
where in the world. As the art came to Japan from
China, there are no doubt specimens of printing in the
latter country even earlier than these; but antiquities
are guarded more jealously by the Chinese than by the
Japanese, and we may yet have to wait a long time
before we succeed in gaining access to the art treasures
preserved in the private museums of the Middle
Kingdom. Similar remarks apply to the art of print-
ing from moveable types, of which the earliest specimen
possessed by the Museum is the Chinese Encyclopædia
printed in Korea in 1337.
History tells us that the art of printing from wooden
66
blocks was invented in China in the 6th century, and
that in 593 A.D. the Emperor Wăn-ti ordered the
various texts which were in circulation to be collected,
and engraved on wood, for the purpose of being printed
and published. This, no doubt, was done, although we
have no record of the works which were thus dealt
with. Nor does there seem to have been any great use
made of the printer's art until the time of the Sung
dynasty (960–1127), when that, in common with all
other arts, flourished abundantly. It was during this
epoch, also, that moveable types made of a fine and
glutinous clay were invented by a blacksmith named
Pe Ching, or, according to Japanese records, by Chin
Hwo. For each character Pe Ching made a type
which he hardened at the fire. “He then placed an
iron plate on the table, and covered it with a cement
compound of resin, wax, and lime. When he wanted
to print, he took an iron frame divided by perpendicu-
lar threads of the same metal, and placing it on the
iron plate, ranged his types in it. The plate was then
held near the fire, and, when the cement was sufficiently
melted, a wooden board was pressed tightly upon it, so
as to render the surface of the type perfectly even."*
We have no record as to the date when metal type
was first used in China, but we find Korean books
printed as early as 1317, with movable clay or wooden
type, and just a century later, we have a record of a
fount of metal type having been cast to print an
“Epitome of the Eighteen Historical Records of China.”
As both processes came to Korea from China, it is only
reasonable to suppose that metal type was used in
China a century or more before its adoption in Korea.
*
The Language and Literature of China.
1875.
67
Considerable doubt exists as to the time when nioveable
type was first introduced into Japan; but it is at least
certain that “after the first invasion of Korea by the
armies of Hideyoshi, in the end of the 16th century, a
large quantity of Korean moveable type books were
brought back by one of his generals, Ukida Hideihe,
which formed the model upon which the Japanese
printers worked.”*
1. Three Buddhist Dharanī, from the Chinese ver-
sion of the Vimala-nirbhāsa Sūtra, printed by order of
the Empress Shiyautoku during the latter half of the
8th century. It is said that over a million of these
Dhāranſ were printed, the copies being placed in small
wooden toy pagodas, which, in the year 770, were distri-
buted among the Buddhist temples in the country. Some
of these pagodas, with the original Dhāraṇī, are still pre-
served at the monastery of Hofu-riu-zhi, in Yamato.
These three copies, which are the earliest specimens of
printing known to us as existing in any part of the
world, were brought to England by Ernest Satow, Esq.,
late H.M.'s Japanese Secretary of Legation at Yedo,
and were presented by him to the Trustees of the British
Museum.
2, A. Chinese version of the Mahāprajñāpāramitā
Sūtra, printed in Japan from blocks in A.D. 1157.
of salvation," printed in Japan from blocks in A.D. 1248.
4. A Chinese Buddhist Treatise on the distinction
of the meaning of one vehicle, in the Buddhāvatamsaka
Sūtra, printed in Japan from blocks in A.D. 1283.
5. A Chinese Encyclopædia, entitled Wăn heen
t’ung k'aou, printed in Korea from movable types in
A.D. 1337.
6. A Chinese version of the Sūrangama Sūtra, with
a commentary in Chinese, printed in Japan from blocks
in A.D. 1339.
* Satow : History of Printing in Japan.'
F 2
68
7. A Chinese Wood-block engraved with characters
for printing
8. Man yo shiu, “ The ten thousand leaves." A col-
lection of Poems in Chinese, printed in Japan from blocks
in A.D. 1353.
9. A Chinese Bank Note issued during the reign of
the Emperor Hungwu, A.D. 1368–1399. This is the earliest
specimen of a bank note which is known to exist in any
country. It is 300 years earlier than the establishment
(at Stockholm) of the first European bank which issued
notes. Purchased in 1890.
10. The Poems of Too Foo, printed in Korea from
movable types in A.D. 1501.
11. Urh lun. A Chinese work on Morality, with illus-
trations, and with a Korean version of the text in the
upper margin, printed in Korea from blocks in the
16th century.
12. Specimen of a Chinese illustration in the
Imperial Encyclopædia, entitled Koo kin t’oo shoo tseih
ch'ing, and consisting of 5020 volumes, printed at Peking
in A.D. 1726.
13. Specimen of a Chinese illustration in a work
on the nations tributary to China under the present
dynasty, A.D. 1751.
Case XIX.-Reverse.Specimens of Chinese and
Japanese Engravings.
1. Two engravings from a Chinese work published in
A.D. 1806, representing a series of stone sculptures which
were executed in A.D. 147, and which still exist in the
sacrificial temple of the Woo family, in the neighbour-
hood of the city of Kia-siang, in the province of Shan-
tung. It will be observed that the arrangement of the
figures in these engravings, and the figures themselves
69
bear a striking resemblance to those we are accustomed
to see on the Assyrian and Egyptian sculptures.
2. A Chinese Print. Birds (swallows and starlings)
and flowers. A.D. 1607.
3. A Chinese Print. Woman holding a rabbit in her
arms, and on the opposite page a horseman fording a
stream flooded by spring rains. A.D. 1607.
4. A Chinese Print. A process in the preparation of
silk. A.D. 1696.
5. A Chinese Print. Figures. By Sessen. (16th
century).
6. A Chinese Print. Bamboos. On one page the
bamboos are shown agitated by a high wind, and on the
other motionless as in a calm. A.D. 1813.
7. A Chinese Landscape. A cliff and water, by
Peen Yuen-foo. [A.). 1815?]
8. Two Chinese Prints. Birds and flowers; one
coloured. A.D. 1818.
9. A Chinese Print. A cherry-tree in flower, by
Ching Seaou-ts'eaou, of the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960–1127).
A.D. 1838.
10. A Japanese Coloured Print. A Chinese drawing
of birds, by Tsze Shih. A.D. 1765.
11. A Japanese Print. A drawing by the Chinese
Emperor, Hwui Tsung (A.D. 1101-1126), of a hawk and a
pigeon. A.D. 1791.
LI
Case XX.-Obverse.Specimens of Japanese Prints
of Chinese drawings, and of Japanese drawings
of the Chinese, Sesshiu, and Kano Schools.
The Chinese School may be said to have been
founded by Kanaoka, who rose into fame during the
9th century. After a long and careful study of the
paintings of the artists of the Tang dynasty of China,
this painter produced a number of works, some of which
still exist. Together with the style of the Chinese
artists, he adopted the historical, legendary, and re-
ligious subjects which they chiefly affected. By his
disciples the less ambitious subjects with which the
painters of China are accustomed to occupy their
pencils, such as birds, animals, and flowers, were
largely treated. Very typical representations of these
branches of the art will be found in this case.
The Sesshiu School was founded by an artist of that
name, who was born in the province of Bichiu, in 1421.
As a boy, he was placed under the instruction of a
priest in the temple of Höfukuji. But his heart was
not in priestly avocations, and on one occasion, it is
said, that when tied to a pillar of the temple for his
misdeeds, he drew on the ground, using his toe for a
pencil, and his tears for ink, a number of rats, with
such realistic power that the priest, mistaking them for
the living animals, attempted to drive them away. In
later life he visited China, with the object of studying
the chefs-d'œuvre of Chinese artists, and on his return
he surrounded himself with a number of disciples, to
71
whom he strove to impart some of the ideas he had
received at the source of inspiration.
The Kano School was founded by Kano Motonobu,
who was born in 1477. Like all the best Japanese
artists, he turned to China for his models. The subjects
he chose were mostly classical, but among his followers
there was developed a taste for depicting the objects of
nature.
The Shijō School, otherwise known as the Naturalistic
School, owes its existence to Maruyama Ūkio, who was
born in the province of Tsanba, in 1733. Though a
careful student of the old Chinese masters, Okio in-
vented, as we are told in the Gwajo yoriaku,“ a new
style, painting birds, flowers, grasses, quadrupeds, in-
sects, and fishes from nature. The great object aimed
at by Okio and his followers has been realism, and the
chief characteristic of their paintings is an easy but
graceful outline, free from the arbitrary mannerisms
and unmeaning elegance of some of the works of the
older schools.”*
The Kõrin School was established by Ogata Kõrin,
“a famous painter and lacquer artist of the latter part
of the 17th century.”+ The works of this artist display
great originality and vigorous drawing.
The Popular School is a comparatively modern phase
of Japanese art, and, as its name implies, seeks to
represent the scenes, legends, and beliefs which are
dear to tlie hearts of the people. It owes its origin to
Matabei, who flourished in the latter half of the 17th
century. He was followed by a number of disciples,
among whom Hanabusa Itcho and Hokusai stand
conspicuous. As an artist in the Japanese sense, Itcho
* Anderson's Catalogue.
† Ibid.
(A.D. 1651–1724) is infinitely superior to Hokusai
(A.D. 1760-1849), but in wealth of imagination and
fertility of genius he unquestionably has to yield the
palm to his more modern rival.
1. A Japanese Print of a Chinese drawing of birds
and trees, by Muh Ki (12th cent.). [1800 ?]
2. A Japanese Print of a Chinese drawing. Insects.
[1800?]
3. A Japanese Print. A Chinese drawing of a
woman with a child and two dogs. A.D. 1824.
ing of a crab. A.D. 1854.
5. A Japanese Print. Chinese School. Monkeys.
A.D. 1719. The long-armed monkey represented in this
engraving is unknown in Japan, and is copied from
Chinese pictures.
6. A Japanese Print. Magpies, by Mokio Ken. A.D.
1752.
7. A Japanese Print. Horses, by Mokio Ken. A.D.
1771.
8. A Japanese Print. A duck, by Bunyosai. A.D.
1779.
9. A Japanese Print Cranes, by Roken. A.D. 1809.
10. A Japanese Print. A landscape, by Chikuto.
A.D. 1813.
11. A Japanese Print. Woodpecker and flowers, by
Gessho. A.D. 1817.
12. A Japanese Print. A waterfowl, by Mokio Ken,
A.D. 1847.
13. A Japanese Print. Birds and flowers, by Baisai,
A.D. 1850.
14. A Japanese Print. Cranes, by Zogetsu Sôshin,
A.D. 1858.
Case XX.-Reverse.
1. A Japanese Print. A lady on a couch, by Kaisen.
A.D. 1861. An admirable specimen of the caligraphic style
of drawing
2. A Japanese Print. Sesshiu School. A traveller
resting, with horse fully caparisoned standing by, by
Sesshiu. Died A.D. 1507. [1810?]
3. A Japanese Print. Figures and birds, by Shun-
boku. A.D. 1753.
4. A Japanese Print. Wild geese, by Tanyu. A.D.
1855.
5. A Japanese Print. A husband taking leave of his
wife. 1728.
6. Shijā School. A lady tiring her hair, while her
maid on her knees holds up a mirror to her view. A.D.
1784.
7. Shijō School. A street scene, by Nantei. A.D.
1804.
8. Shijō School. A street scene, by Nangaku. A.D.
1811.
9. Shijō School. Rabbits by moonlight, a striking
and very curious effect; flowers, by Goshun. A.D. 1836.
10. Shijō School. Wild ducks on the wing; hawk
and fish, by Köchö. 1849.
11. Shijō School. Portrait of the Emperor Ts'ien,
who died of grief (A.D. 941) at the destruction by fire of a
palace which he had built, by Kōcho. 1850.
12. Shijō School. Landscape, by Yosai. 1852.
13. Kõrin School. Flowers, by Kenzan. 1823.
14. Kõrin School. Figure seated and engaged in
devotion, with ducks in distance, by Ho Itsu. 1831. §
74
Case XXI.- Obverse.
1. A Japanese Print. Foliage, by Sojun, of the
Shijo School
2. A Japanese Print. A Japanese St. Sebastian, by
Takagi, of the Popular School.
3. A Japanese Print. (1) A Flood. (2) A Game
of Polo.
4. A Japanese Print. Flowers, by Keisai. (Died
1824.)
5. A Japanese Print. A hawk carrying away a
cake, and followed by a woman.
6. A Japanese Print. A Chinese Court Scene, by
Kano Nuinosuke, of the Kano School.
7. A Japanese Print. A soldier leading a horse, by
O-ishi Matora, of the Popular School. 1828.
8. A Japanese Print. A hawk carrying away a
fish, followed by the enraged owner, by Hanabusa Itcho,
of the Popular School. 1758.
9. A Japanese Print. An old sage and his attendant,
by Kiho, of the Ganku School. (19th cent.)
10. A Japanese Print. Two sketches. (1) A sage
with a stork; (2) A bird, by Hokkio Shuntoku, of the
Popular School. (19th cent.)
11. Japanese Prints. Coloured Sketches.
12. A Japanese Print. Sketches of birds, by Riusen
Shigenobu, of the Popular School. [1850 ?]
: 75
U
Case XXI.-Reverse.-Japanese Prints of Drawings
by Hokusai, b. 1760–d. 1849.
1. Coloured sketches of crabs, tortoises, and other
animals,
2. Flowers.
3. Two views from Hokusai's celebrated work, “ the
hundred views of Fusiyama.” One represents a winter
scene with a stork in the foreground, and the mountain
in the distance; the other, a waiter at an inn removing
a shutter, and showing Fusiyama to the astonished
traveller.
4. A rustie scene.
5. A coloured sketch of a mad woman, who, “ clad in
tattered finery, and happy in the delusion that she is a
brilliant ornament of the Imperial Court, parades the
streets with mincing steps and affected gestures, ap-
parently filling the part to her own entire satisfaction, as
well as to that of the little urchins who are bearing an
old straw sandal above her head as a mocking emblem of
a royal canopy."*
6. Outline sketches in monochrome. One of these,
a woman stooping over a basin washing her hair, is
especially noticeable, though not perfect in drawing.
7. A peacock. This sketch, though commonly attri-
buted to Hokusai, is said to be the work of his pupil, Hu-
ku-un.
8. A coloured sketch, representing a man and woman
watching servants in a boat picking water-lilies. This
sketch shows an attempt to imitate another and an older
style of art. It will be observed that the figures are more
elongated and formal than those commonly painted by
Hokusai.
9. A rain scene, in which the misty atmosphere, so
* Anderson's ' Pictorial Art of Japan.'
76
frequently noticeable on a wet day in Japan, is admirably
depicted.
10. A street scene, showing the lodgings accorded to
Dutch travellers during the early days of foreign inter-
course with Japan.
11. Three sketches. A boat, a group of wrestlers exer-
cising their muscles, and a hawk carrying away a fish
followed by the enraged owner. This is the same subject
dealt with by Hanabusa Itcho, in No. 11, Case IV.
12. A highly dramatic picture, in which a man is
represented murdering his guilty wife, while a femalo
companion defiantly exposes her breast and invites him
to wreak the same vengeance on her.
Case XXII.-Obverse.
7. Popular School. Hawks, by Hoku-un. 1862.
8. Popular School. The trades of Japan; the one
here illustrated is that of polishing mirrors, by Tachibana
no Binko. 1784.
9. Popular School. Flowers, &c., by Keisai, together
with the celebrated kettle belonging to the priest of the
Morinji Temple, which one day when the priest was
about to hang it over the fire, suddenly put forth the
head and tail of a badger. 1842.
10. Popular School. An illustration of a Buddhist
saying, which may be rendered, with apologies to Pope-
And beauty draws them with a single hair."
(19th century.)
Prints 1 to 6 are placed together to facilitate a com-
parison of the treatments of the same subject by artists
of the several schools. According to the legend Tekkai,
who was a Taouist Rishi, was able to project his inner
self whither he would. On one occasion he dismissed
this mysterious essence to the mountains of the im-
mortal gods, having previously arranged that a friend
should watch over his body during the seven days that
it was to be bereſt of its spiritual part. Unfortunately
in this interval the watcher received news that his
mother was seriously ill, and as the claims of filial
piety plainly superseded the obligation due to Tekkai,
he at once went home, taking with him the body of the
Rishi. On the seventh day the spiritual essence re-
turned to earth, and not finding its accustomed
78
habitation on the spot where it had shaken it off, was
compelled to take refuge in the dead body of a starved
toad. In several of the prints Tekkai's inner self is
represented as riding off on a horse which has been
projected from the gourd of Chung Ko-laou, a fellow
Taouist Rishi. According to another version of the
legend, the returned essence found a new home in the
corpse of a starved beggar.
It will be observed that the tattered and dishevelled
Rishi Gama and his three-legged toad are frequently
associated with the Tekkai incident. Very little is
known about Gama, and it is possible that in him and
his toad we have pourtrayed the forms which the dis-
embodied spirit of the Rishi is said to have taken in
- the two current legends.
Case XXII.- Reverse.—Japanese Block-Printing in
Colours.
1 Birds on Pine Tree. By Seki Yeibun. 1789.
2. Flowers and birds. [1845?]
3. Fish. By Hiroshige. [1850 ?]
4. " A hundred Views of Yedo." [1840 ?]
5. Drawing of an artist who was so skilful in sketching
spiders that the insects leaped into life from his pencil.
By Kuniyoshi. [1857 ?]
6. Garden Scene, with a glimpse of an interior. By
Toyokuni. [1830?]
7. “ Poems by a hundred authoresses." Illustrated
by Katsuyama Yosuke. 1775.
8. Plants. By Hokujiu. [1840 ?]
9. Figures. By Hokusai. 1819–1834.
10. Birds and Flowers. [1845?]
80
Case XXIII.-Fac-simile of an Ancient Mappå
Mundi, preserved in Hereford Cathedral, in which
Jerusalem is represented as the centre of the world, "set
in the midst of the nations and countries” (Ezek. v. 5).
Circa 1300.
Other maps and plans exhibited, but not numbered, are
A wood-cut representation of the Siege of Aden,
undertaken by Affonso d’Albuquerque, Portuguese
Governor of India in the year 1513. Antwerp, 1513.
A fac-simile of the “ Carta da navigar per le isole
novamte trovate in le parte de l'India," by Alberto Can-
tino, dated Ferrara, 1502. This is the earliest map
which shows any part of the line drawn by Pope
Alexander VI. to divide the newly-discovered portions
of the world between Spain and Portugal.
A fac-simile of the “Carta Universal” by Ribero,
Seville, 1529, which is preserved in the Museum of the
Propaganda at Rome. This map shows the line drawn
by Pope Alexander VI., and contains a legend which
describes Labrador as a territory " which was discovered
by the English of the town of Bristol, and which is of
no use."
LP
Cases XXIV., XXV., XXVI., XXVII., and
XXVIII.—Maps, in Relief,
Of Palestine, Mont Blanc, the Western Alps, Mount
Etna, and Mount Vesuvius.
On the floor of the Library, in the centre, are dis-
played :-
Portrait of King George the Third, engraved by
Houston, after Zoffany. Painted in 1771.
Letter, Jan. 15, 1823, from George the Fourth to the
Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister, announcing his gift of
the library collected by his father to the nation. Printed
on vellum in letters of gold. By a remarkable coinci-
dence it is dated on the sixty-third anniversary of the
opening of the British Museum to the public.
A large celestial globe, by Coronelli, dated Paris,
1693.
Model of the hanging or sliding press employed in the
Library to provide additional space for books.
83
BINDINGS.
THE Library of the British Museum is particularly
rich in fine bindings, both English and foreign :-the
English consisting principally of the books belonging to
the Old Royal Library, given by King George II. to
the nation in 1757 :—while the foreign are generally
found in the magnificent collection bequeathed to the
Museum in 1799 by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode, who
had been able to take full advantage of the great dis-
persion of valuable books consequent upon the French
Revolution.
The specimens of bindings of printed books exhibited
in Cases I-IV. are arranged, as far as the difference in
their sizes will permit, in chronological order, com-
mencing about the year 1470, and extending to the
middle of the present century. Cases V. and VI. are
specially devoted to books which have belonged to the
Sovereigns of England, their consorts, and other members
of the Royal Family.
When books consisted only of sheets of papyrus or
parchment joined together and rolled upon a cylinder,
the art of the bookbinder was a very simple one. The
fastening together at the back by means of wire or
strips of leather of the Roman “ tabulæ” (tablets of
ivory or wood covered on the sides with wax for the
purpose of making memoranda by means of a stylus)
was probably the earliest approach to our present
method of binding. During the middle ages we find the
books of kings and other great personages encased in
covers formed of the precious metals, of enamelled
G 2
84
plates, or of carved ivory, not infrequently enriched
with precious stones. Some fine bindings of this de-
scription are exhibited in the Department of Manu-
scripts, and are fully described in the departmental
guide. The books for more ordinary use were bound in
wooden boards, covered with leather more or less deco-
rated with ornamental stamps. Very beautiful ex-
amples, the best being English, of these stamped
leather bindings, of as early a date as the twelfth
century, are still in existence. About the middle of
the second half of the fifteenth century books were first
bound in leather with gold tooling, a kind of orna-
mentation which quickly became general in Italy; and
there is but little doubt that many of the volumes
which issued from the press of the celebrated printer
Aldus, at Venice, were bound in this style by him, or
under his immediate superintendence; some of them
being executed for the renowned French collector, Jean
Grolier, Viscomte d’Aguisy, who in 1510 succeeded his
father as treasurer of the Duchy of Milan. On the
return of Grolier to France, he appears to have taken
Italian workmen with him to bind his books, and pro-
bably also to instruct the binders of his native land, but
in a short time the French binders excelled all others
in the beauty and quality of their work ; and from the
beginning of the sixteenth to the middle of the eight-
eenth century the binder's art in France maintained a
height of excellence which has never been surpassed.
Beautiful bindings by Geoffroy Tory, the Eves, Le
Gascon, Padeloup and other celebrated French binders
will be found in this exhibition; many of them exe-
cuted for the kings and queens of France, or the great
collectors of that country.
The imitation of Italian artistic binding quickly
85
spread over the greater part of Europe, reaching Eng-
land in the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII. ;
and we find Thomas Berthelet, the king's printer and
binder, in a bill which is extant, charging that monarch
the sum of £117 0 63 for supplying certain works,
and also for printing and binding various books and
proclamations, some of them being described as
"gorgiously gilted on the leather," with “arabaske
drawing in golde on the transfile," and others as bound
“after the facion of Venice." These “gorgiously
gilted” bindings almost entirely superseded the plain
stamped ones of Reynes, Pynson, Notary and other
early English binders. In Germany, however, blind-
tooling still continued to flourish, and elaborate bindings
of this description were executed there as late as the
beginning of the last century. In Italy and Spain
vellum was extensively used for covering books.
The kings and queens of England were great ad-
mirers of fine bindings, and many handsome examples
which belonged to Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen
Mary and Queen Elizabeth, are to be found in these
Cases. James I. possesed a large number of superbly
bound books, resplendent with gold tooling; the sides
being generally ornamented with his arms and initials,
and thickly studded with heraldic thistles, fleurs-de-lis,
etc. Henry, Prince of Wales, inherited from his father
the love of fine bindings, and several which belonged to
him are exhibited in Cases III., V. and VI. When the
library of Lord Lumley was purchased by this accom-
plished young prince, he appears to have had all
the books rebound in calf, with his arms in the
centre of the covers, and crowned roses, fleurs-de-lis,
Prince of Wales' feathers, or heraldic lions in the
corners. During the troubled reign of Charles I., com-
86
paratively few books were added to the royal collection,
but his son Charles II. increased it very considerably.
His books are generally handsomely but plainly bound
in red morocco, the sides and backs being stamped
with his cypher. Some of the bindings executed for
this monarch, however, are most elaborately tooled ;
one of singular beauty is exhibited in Case VI. Samuel
Merne was his bookbinder. Many other English
bindings worthy of special notice will be found in this
exhibition.
Among the foreign bindings, those from the famous
collections of Maioli, Grolier, Canevari and De Thou
are deserving of particular attention. In Case II.
are two volumes ornamented with bows, arrows
and crescents, and bearing the monogram of Henry
II. of France and his mistress Diana' of Poitiers,
Duchess of Valentinois ; also a Book of the Statutes
and Ordonnances of the Order of the St. Esprit; one of
forty-two copies bound by Nicolas Eve for the sum of
forty-seven and a half ecus. The ecu of France in
1579 (the date of the binding) was equivalent to seven
shillings English money of the same period, being now
perhaps of the value of fifty shillings. We are there-
fore able to form some estimate of the remuneration
paid to the binder for his work. In Case IV. is a
magnificent binding by Le Gascon; and some very
pretty mosaic bindings :-one by Le Monnier being
a particularly beautiful piece of inlaid work, and in as
good condition as when it left the binder's hands.
This collection also contains some charming volumes
“in velvet bound and broider'd o’er;" and in Case IV.
are two good examples of the work of Roger Payne,
and several excellent pieces of modern French binding.
87
Cases I-IV.-Examples of Binding arranged in
chronological order.
1. Rainerius de Pisis.-Pantheologia.-Printed by
Bertholdus at Basle, about 1475. German stamped
leather binding of the fifteenth century. Purchased in
1852.
2. La Saincte Bible. Anvers, 1534. English bind
ing of the sixteenth century; with the initials of King
Henry VIII. and Queen Anne Boleyn. From the Old
Royal Collection.
3. Galen.—Methodus Medendi.-T. Linacro interprete.
Lutetiæ, 1519. Presentation copy on vellum from Linacre
to King Henry VIII., to whom the book is dedicated.
French binding of the sixteenth century; the upper cover
bearing the royal arms and the motto DIEV ET MON DROYT.
From the Old Royal Collection.
4. Postilla Thome de Aquino in Job.-C. Fyner,
Esslingen, 1474. German stamped leather binding of the
fifteenth century. Purchased in 1844.
5. Liber Festivalis.--Second edition. Printed and
binding of the fifteenth century. Purchased in 1855.
6. Cæsar. Commentarii.-Rome, 1469. Italian bind-
ing of the sixteenth century; executed for the collector
Tommaso Maioli. In the centre of each cover is an orna-
mental tablet, that on the upper side bearing the title of
the book, and that on the lower the monogram of Maioli;
at the foot of the upper cover occurs the inscription
THO. MAIOLI ET AMICOR. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
7. Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. - Venetiis, 1499.
Italian binding of the sixteenth century; executed for
Tommaso Maioli, whose monogram is stamped on the
lower cover within a cartouche of architectural design;
the title of the book is within a similar ornament on the
88
upper cover, at the foot of which are the words THO.
MAIOLI ET AMICORVM. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
8. Abbreviamentum Statutorum.-R. Pynson, Lond.
1499. English binding of the fifteenth century. Printed
and bound by Pynson; with his device stamped on the
upper cover, and a Tudor rose, surrounded with an orna-
mental border, on the lower. Purchased in 1889.
9. Beroaldus.-Opuscula.—1510? English binding of
the sixteenth century; each cover being divided into two
panels; the one bearing the arms of King Henry VIII.;
the other, the Tudor rose, enclosed within a ribbon in-
scribed with the motto,
“Hec rosa virtutis de celo missa sereno
Eternum florens regia sceptra feret,"
and supported by angels. Beneath the Tudor badge are
the initials and mark of Julian Notary, the printer, by
whom the book was probably bound. At the upper
angles of the panels occur the sun, moon, and stars,
together. with two shields; the one having upon it a
St. George's cross.; the other, the arms of the city of
London. Purchased in 1845.
10. C. Suetonii Tranquilli XII Cæsares. Venetiis,
1521. French binding of the sixteenth century; with the
arms, device (a salamander) and initial of Francis I.,
King of France. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
11. Henrici VIII. ad Lutheri Epistolam Responsio.
Londini, 1526. English binding of the sixteenth cen-
tury; the upper cover having impressed upon it the
instruments of the Passion, together with the inscription
REDEMPTORIS MVNDI ARMA. Near the top of the cover
occur two small shields; one containing the initials, and
the other the device of John Reynes, the binder of the
volume. The lower cover is divided into two panels;
the one bearing the arms of King Henry VIII.; the
other, the Tudor rose, supported by angels, and enclosed
within a ribbon inscribed with the motto, .
“Hec rosa virtutis de celo missa sereno
Eternum florens regia sceptra feret.”
Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
89
12. Whittington-De octo partibus orationis. Lond.
1521. English binding of the sixteenth century ; bearing
on the upper cover the arms of Queen Katharine of
Aragon, and on the lower those of King Henry VIII.
Purchased in 1842.
13. Whittington, - De octo partibus orationis.
[Southwark, 1530 ?] English binding of the sixteenth
century, bearing the arms of Queen Anne Boleyn on the
upper cover, and those of King Henry VIII. on the lower.
Purchased in 1862.
14. C. Ptolemæi Geographicæ Enarrationis Libri
Octo. Lugduni, 1541. Italian binding of the sixteenth
century. In the centre of the upper cover is a medallion
stamped in gold, on which are represented an eagle
soaring upwards, rocks, and the sea with fish swimming
in it; the whole being surrounded by a ribbon bearing
the motto PROCVL ESTE; at the top of the same side are
stamped the words COSMOGRAPHIA PTOLEMAEI. In the centre
of the lower cover is an oval tablet, upon which is in-
scribed the name APLLONII PHILARETI. Bequeathed by
Felix Slade, Esq.
15. Netter.—Doctrinale Antiquitatum Fidei Ecclesiæ
Catholicæ. Venetiis, 1571. Italian binding of the six-
teenth century. A presentation copy to Pope Pius V.,
whose arms are stamped in the centre of each cover.
Purchased in 1857.
16. Æmilius. L'Histoire des Faicts des Roys, Princes,
Seigneurs et Peuple de France. Paris, 1581. French
binding of the sixteenth century; with the arms of
Henry III., King of France. Bound by Nicolas Eve.
Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
17. Polydori Vergilii Anglicæ Historiæ Libri
XXVI.-Basileæ, 1534. Italian binding of the sixteenth
century; having in the centre of each cover an oval em-
bossed medallion in gold, silver, and colours, representing
Pegasus on a rock with Apollo driving his chariot over
the waves towards him, and surrounded with the inscrip-
tion OPOLE KAI MH AOEIE. Books bound in this
style are generally considered to have belonged to De-
90
metrio Canevari, physician to Pope Urban VII. Be-
queathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
18. Celsus.--De Medicina.–Venetiis, 1497. Grolier's
copy, containing his autograph. Italian binding of the
sixteenth century; having on the upper cover a medal-
lion in colours representing Curtius leaping into the
abyss in the Roman Forum, and on the lower cover a
similar medallion of Horatius Cocles defending the Sub-
lician bridge at Rome against the Etruscan army under
Porsena. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
19. Wittekindus. Saxonis Rerum ab Henrico et Ot-
tone I. Impp. gestarum libri III.-Basileæ, 1532. Italian
binding of the sixteenth century; executed for the cele-
brated collector Jean Grolier, Vicomte d’Aguisy. In the
centre of the upper cover is the title of the book, and at
the foot are the words 10. GROLIERII ET AMICORVM; and on
the lower cover occurs one of the mottoes of Grolier :
PORTIO MEA DOMINE SIT IN TERRA VIVENTIVM. Bequeathed
by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
20. Beati Theodoreti Cyrensis Episcopiin S. Pauli
Epistolas Commentarius.-Florentiæ, 1552. French
binding of the sixteenth century; executed for Jean
Grolier, Vicomte d’Aguisy. At the foot of the upper
cover are the words 10. GROLIERII ET AMICORVM, and in the
centre of the lower cover the usual motto of Grolier:
PORTIO MEA DOMINE SIT IN TERRA VIVENTIVM. Purchased in
1850.
21. Biblia.-Venetiis, 1544. French binding of the
sixteenth century; each cover bearing the badge of Henry
Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. From the Old Royal Col-
lection.
22. Silius Italicus.—De Bello Punico Secundo XVII
Libri.- Venetiis, 1523. Italian binding of the sixteenth
century; executed for Jean Grolier, Vicomte d’Aguisy.
On the upper cover are the words IO. GROLIERII ET
AMICORVM, and on the lower one the motto PORTIO MEA
DOMINE SIT IN TERRA VIVENTIVM. The monogram and
coronet of the Marquis de Menars have been added on
the panels of the back. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
91
23. Macchiavelli. — Il Principe. — Vinegia, 1540.
French binding of the sixteenth century; executed for
Jean Grolier, Vicomte d’Aguisy; having at the foot of
the upper cover the words 10. GROLIERII ET AMICORVM, and
in the centre of the lower cover the motto PORTIO MEA
DOMINE SIT IN TERRA VIVENTIVM. Bequeathed by the Rev.
C. M. Cracherode.
24. Petrarca.--Opere.- Vinegia, 1525. French bind-
ing of the sixteenth century; having on each cover a
handsome border in gold tooling, enclosing a panel filled
with ornamental work of an arabesque pattern, in which
is introduced the "pot cassé," the device of Geoffroy Tory,
by whom the book was bound. Purchased in 1860.
25. Georgievits.-De Turcarum Ritu et Cæremoniis.
-Antverpiæ, 1544. Flemish binding of the sixteenth
century ; bearing on each cover the imperial double-
headed eagle and the device of the Emperor Charles V.:
the columns of Hercules with the motto PLVS OVLTRE.
Presented in 1839.
26. Biblia.-Tiguri, 1544. English binding of the
sixteenth century; green velvet, having the arms of King
Edward VI. stamped upon coloured silks within a panel
formed of two gold lines with ornamental corners; between
the lines of the panel on the upper cover is the verse ESTO
FIDELIS VSQVE AD MORTEM ET DABO TIBI CORONAM VITÆ. APOC. 2;
between those of the lower, the verse FIDEM SERVAVI QVOD
SVPEREST REPOSITA EST MIHI CORONA IVSTITIÆ: 2 TIM. 4.
From the Old Royal Collection.
27. La Geografia di Claudio Ptolemeo. Venetia,
1548. English binding of the sixteenth century; with
the legend OMNIS POTESTAS A DEO stamped on the sides. On
the edges of the leaves are the arms of King Edward VI.,
painted in colours, with the initials E R in gold. From
the Old Royal Collection.
28. Andreasius.De amplitudine Misericordiæ Dei.-
Basileæ, 1550. English binding of the sixteenth century;
bearing on each cover the arms and initials of King
Edward VI. From the Old Royal Collection.
29. Massa.-De Exercitatione Jurisperitorum.-Romæ,
1550. Italian binding of the sixteenth century. Presenta-
92
tion copy to Pope Julius III., to whom the work is
dedicated, and whose arms are impressed in the centre of
each cover. Purchased in 1872.
30. Poetæ Græci. — Edidit H. Stephanus. - Paris,
1566. French binding of the sixteenth century; executed
by Nicolas Eve for the celebrated collector and historian
Jacques Auguste de Thou, whose arms are stamped in the
centre of each cover. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
31. Nicolay.-Navigations et Peregrinations Orient-
ales. — Lyon, 1568. English binding of the sixteenth
century; with the arms and initials of Queen Elizabeth
painted upon each cover. From the Old Royal Collection.
32. Breviarium Romanum,-Paris, 1588. French
binding of the sixteenth century; executed by Nicolas
Eve. Upon the back of the volume are impressed the
arms of the Abbey of Marmoutiers, to which it formerly
belonged. Purchased in 1838.
33. Novum Testamentum.--Paris, 1565. French
binding of the sixteenth century. In the centre of each
cover have been impressed, at a period subsequent to the
binding, the arms of the celebrated statesman Jean
Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, to whom the book
formerly belonged. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
34. Joannis Grammatici Philoponi Comentaria
in Libros de Anima Aristotelis.--Græce.- Venetiis,
1535. French binding of the sixteenth century; having
in the centre of each cover the arms of Jacques Auguste
de Thou, for whom the book was bound. His monogram
occurs on the panels of the back. Bequeathed by the
Rev. O. M. Cracherode.
35. Coustumes du Bailliage de Sens, etc.--Sens,
1556. French binding of the sixteenth century; having
a portrait of Henry II., King of France, stamped on each
cover. Purchased in 1846.
36. M. Moschopuli de ratione examinandæ
orationis libellus. — Græce. — Lutetiæ, 1545. French
binding of the sixteenth century; the sides being orna-
93
mented with interlaced crescents, fleurs-de-lis, and the
monogram of Henry II., King of France, and his mistress,
Diana of Poitiers, Duchess of Valentinois; and bearing
in the centre of a panel, formed by a border of corded
pattern, the arms of the king, his initial, and a crescent,
enclosed by bows tied together with ribbons. Bequeathed
by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
37. Petri Bembi Cardinalis Historia Veneta.-
Venetiis, 1551. French binding of the sixteenth century ;
having in the centre of each cover on a panel of inlaid
olive leather, the arms of Henry II., King of France,
his initial, and a crescent, surrounded by a border formed
of bows, tied together with ribbons; the sides are also
decorated with interlaced crescents, the crowned H.,
and the monogram of the king and his mistress, Diana
of Poitiers. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
38. Calvete de Estrella. El Viaje del Principe
Don Phelippe.-Anvers, 1552. Binding, probably Flemish,
of the sixteenth century; with the English royal arms
on the upper cover, and the motto POSVI DEVM ADIVTOREM
MEVM on the lower. From the Old Royal Collection.
39. Petrarchæ Opera.--Basileæ, 1554. French bind-
of the sixteenth century; with medallions of Marcus
Cato and Marcus Tullius Cicero stamped in gold on the
covers. From the Old Royal Collection.
40. Clemens Alexandrinus. - Opera. — Græce.
Florentiæ, 1550. English binding of the sixteenth cen-
tury. The bear and ragged staff, the crest of Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, accompanied by his initials, is
stamped in silver and gold on an oval panel in the centre
of each cover. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville.
41. Brunfels.-Iatrionices Medicamentorum Simpli-
cium lib. III. IV.-Strasburg, 1533. German binding of
the sixteenth century; executed for Sigismund Augustus,
King of Poland, whose arms are impressed in silver in
the centre of the upper cover; the lower cover bearing
the words SIGISMUNDI AVGVSTI REGIS POLONIA MONVMENTVM,
and the date 1549. Purchased in 1859.
94
42. Joannes a Lasco. Tractatio de Sacramentis.
-Londini, 1552. English binding of the sixteenth cen-
tury. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville.
43. Bonner.-A profitable and necessarye doctryne,
etc.--Lond. [1555]. English binding of the sixteenth
century; each cover bearing the arms of Queen Mary I.
From the Old Royal Collection.
44. Dionysii Areopagitæ Opera.- Parisiis, 1562.
French binding of the sixteenth century; with the arms
and initials of Katharine de' Medici, Queen of France.
Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
45. Melanchthon.-Corpus Doctrinæ Christianæ.--
Lipsiæ, 1572. German binding of the sixteenth century;
the upper cover bearing a full-length representation of
Martin Luther, with his name beneath it, stamped in
gold; a similar one of Melanchthon being impressed upon
the lower cover. Purchased in 1859.
46. Hore ad Sarisburiensis Ecelesie ritum.-
Parisiis, 1526. French binding of the sixteenth century;
with the arms of James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow.
Purchased in 1859.
47. Pseaumes de David, mis en Musique par Thomas
Champion, dit Mithou.-Paris, 1561. French binding of
the sixteenth century; each cover bearing the arms of
Charles IX., King of France. Purchased in 1851.
48. Catechismus.-Strasburg, 1595? German bind-
ing of the sixteenth century. Purchased in 1862.
49. Piccolomini.-Della Institutione Morale Libri
XII. Venetia, 1560. Italian binding of the sixteenth
century. Bequeathed by Felix Slade, Esq.
50. Livre des Statuts de l'Ordre Sainet Michel.
Paris, 1550 ? French binding of the sixteenth century;
with the arms of Henry II., King of France. Presented
by Lady Banks.
51. Cæremoniale Episcoporum. - Romæ, 1600.
English binding of the seventeenth century; with the
arms of King James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
52. J. A. Thuani Historia sui temporis. Parisiis,.
95
1604. French binding of the seventeenth century; with
the arms and initial of Henry IV., King of France.
From the Old Royal Collection.
. 53. Pontificale Romanum,- Venetiis, 1582. French
binding of the seventeenth century; each cover bearing
the arms of Louis Charles de Valois, Duc d'Angoulême,
natural son of Charles IX., King of France, and Marie
Touchet. Purchased in 1848. .
54. Dion Cassius. Historia Romana. Hanoviæ, 1606.
French binding of the seventeenth century; having the
sides profusely decorated with fleurs-de-lis and the
monogram of Mary de' Medici, widow of Henry IV., King
of France; the arms of the Queen, encircled by the
“ cordelière des veuves" being impressed in the centre of
each cover. Purchased in 1854.
55. Der Stat Nürmberg verneüte Reformation.
Franckfurt-am-Main, 1566. German binding of the
sixteenth century. Bequeathed by Felix Slade, Esq.
56, The Black Aets.-Edinburgh, 1556. Scottish
binding of the sixteenth century; bearing upon each cover
the arms of Mary, Queen of Scots, impressed in gold and
painted, and accompanied by the words MARIA REGINA upon
two scrolls; the whole being enclosed within a broad gold
border. From the Library of King George III.
57. Canisius. De Maria Virgine. Ingolstadii, 1577.
German binding of the sixteenth century; from the
library of Albert V., Duke of Bavaria. Purchased in
1860.
58. Plinius Secundus. Historia Mundi. Lugduni,
-1548. English binding of the sixteenth century ; each
cover bearing the arms of Thomas Wotton, Esq. Pur-
chased in 1841.
59. Parker. De Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ.
London, 1572. The first book privately printed in
England. A presentation copy from Matthew Parker,
Archbishop of Canterbury, to Queen Elizabeth. English
binding of the sixteenth century; green velvet, having
as a border a representation of the paling of a deer park,
embroidered in gold and silver thread; the border on the
96
upper cover enclosing a rose bush bearing red and white
roses, surrounded by various other flowers, and by deer;
the lower cover has a similar border, but contains deer,
snakes, plants and flowers; the whole being executed in
gold and silver thread and coloured silks. On the back
are embroidered red and white roses. From the Old
Royal Collection.
60. Livre des Statuts de l'Ordre du Sainct Esprit.
Paris, 1578. French binding of the sixteenth century;
with the arms of Henry III., King of France, Founder of
the Order. Bound by Nicolas Eve. Presented by Lady
Banks.
61. Cicero. Questions Tusculanes. Lyon, 1543. Eng-
lish binding of the sixteenth century. Bound for Thomas
Wotton, Esq. From the Old Royal Collection.
62. Plato. Convivium. Græce. Paris, 1543. English
binding of the sixteenth century; executed for Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, whose crest is impressed on an
oval panel in the centre of each cover. From the Old
Royal Collection.
63. The Gospels in Anglo-Saxon and English.
London, 1571. A presentation copy from the editor, John
Fox, the Martyrologist, to Queen Elizabeth, to whom the
work is dedicated. A MS. note on the titlepage states
that « This was the Dedication Book presented to the
Queenes owne hands by Mr. Fox." English binding of
the sixteenth century; each cover bearing the arms and
initials of the Queen. Bequeathed by the Rev. O. M.
Cracherode.
64. Valerius Maximus, - Dictorum factorumque
memorabilium libri IX.-Antverpiæ, 1574. French bind-
ing of the sixteenth century; executed by Nicolas Eve
for Jacques Auguste de Thou, whose arms are impressed
in the centre of each cover. Bequeathed by the Rev.
C. M. Cracherode.
65. Horatius Flaccus. — Opere. -- Venetia, 1581.
French binding of the sixteenth century; executed by
Nicolas Eve for Henry III., King of France; having in
the centre of each cover the arms of the king, accom-
97
panied by his crowned initial, and surmounted by a
crown bearing the motto MANET VLTIMA CÆLO. Bequeathed
by Felix Slade, Esq.
66. Orationis Dominicæ Explicatio. -- Per L.
Danæum.-Geneva, 1583. English binding of the six-
teenth century; believed to have been executed for
Queen Elizabeth ; black velvet, embroidered with roses in
gold and silver thread, and surrounded by an arabesque
border of the same materials. From the Old Royal
Collection.
67. Basilii Magni et Gregorii Nazanzeni Epi-
stolæ Græcæ.-Haganoæ, 1528. English binding of the
sixteenth century. This book belonged formerly to Lord
and Lady Burghley, the names WILLIAM * MYLDRED * CICYLL
being stamped upon the covers. From the Old Royal
Collection.
68. Cæsar.—Commentarii.—Parisiis, 1564. French
binding of the sixteenth century; the upper cover bear-
ing a shield, charged with three fleurs-de-lis on a bend ; a
similar shield with three lilies, surrounded by the motto
EXPECTATA NON ELVDET, occurring on the lower cover.
Books bound in this manner and bearing these arms are
usually asserted to have been executed by Clovis Eve
for Marguerite de Valois, Queen Consort of Henry IV.,
King of France. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cra-
cherode.
69. Grant.-Græcæ Linguæ Spicilegium. Londini,
1575. English binding of the sixteenth century; with
the arms of Queen Elizabeth. From the Old Royal Col-
lection.
70. Histoire des Chevaliers de l'Ordre de S. Jean
de Hierusalem. Paris, 1629. French binding of the
seveuteenth century; having 'the sides and back pro-
of Anne of Austria, widow of Louis XIII., King of France;
in the centre of each cover are the arms of the Queen
surrounded by the “ cordelière des veuves.” Purchased
in 1849.
71. Casaubon.-De rebus sacris et ecclesiasticis exer-
II
98
citationes. Londini, 1614. English binding of the seven-
teenth century; each cover bearing the arms and initials
of King James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
72. Thomæ Bradwardini Archiepiscopi Cantua-
riensis de causa Dei contra Pelagium. Londini,
1618. English binding of the seventeenth century; each
cover bearing the arms of King James I. From the Old
Royal Collection.
73. Acta Synodi Nationalis Dordrechti habitæ.
Lugduni Batavorum, 1620. Presentation copy from the
States-General of the Netherlands to King James I.
Binding of the seventeenth century; most probably
Dutch; red velvet, each cover having the arms and
initials of the king embroidered upon it in gold and silver
thread, the corners of the sides and the panels of the back
being ornamented with roses and thistles of similar work-
manship. From the Old Royal Collection.
74. Cherubinus.-Bullarium. Romæ, 1617. Eng-
lish binding of the seventeenth century; with the arms
of King James I. impressed in the centre of each cover.
From the Old Royal Collection.
75. Paulus de Sancta Maria. Scrutinium Scrip-
turarum. Mantue, 1475. Italian binding of the sixteenth
century; with the arms of Pope Gregory XIII. Pur-
chased in 1863.
76. Apollonii Alexandrini de Syntaxi libri IV.-
Francofurti, 1590. French binding of the sixteenth
century; with the arms and monogram of Jacques
Auguste de Thou and his first wife, Marie Barbançon.
Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
77. Petrus de Crescentiis.De omnibus agricultura
partibus. Basileæ, 1548. English binding of the seven-
teenth century; each cover bearing the badge and initials
of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I.,
stamped in gold and silver, and accompanied by the line
from Horace O ET PRESIDIVM ET DVLCE DECVS MEVM. From
the Old Royal Collection.
78. Titi Livii Romana Historia.-Aurelia Allo-
brogum, 1609. English binding of the seventeenth
99
century; with the badge and initials of Henry, Prince of
Wales, eldest son of King James I. From the Old Royal
Collection.
79. La Mareschalerie de Laurent Ruse. Paris,
1563. English binding of the seventeenth century; with
the badge and initials of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest
son of King James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
80. Crusius.-Germano-Græciæ libri sex. -- Basileæ,
1582. English binding of the seventeenth century; with
the arms of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King
James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
81. Jewish Daily Prayers.-German Rite.--Venice,
1598. Binding, probably Italian, of the seventeenth
century. Purchased in 1854.
82. Biblia Sacra.--Antverpiæ, 1590. English bind-
ing of the sixteenth century; green velvet, the sides and
back embroidered with pearls and gold and silver thread,
and having in the centre of each cover the initials T G,
formed with pearls ; those on the upper cover having a
garnet placed between them. Purchased in 1846.
83, Cæsar. - Translated by A. Golding. - London,
1590. English binding of the sixteenth century. Pur-
chased in 1837.
84. Le Bey de Batilly.-Emblemata.Francofurti ad
Moenuin, 1596. English binding of the sixteenth century;
with the arms of John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury.
From the Old Royal Collection.
85. Tansillo.--Le Lagrime di San Pietro.-Vinegia,
1606. English binding of the seventeenth century; with
the arms of Anne of Denmark, Queen Consort of James I.
From the Old Royal Collection.
86. In Jacobi Regis felicem in Scotiam reditum
Academiæ Edinburgensis Congratulatio.-Edinburgi,
1617. Scottish binding of the seventeenth century; red
velvet, with ornamental borders, corners and centre-piece
stamped in gold. From the Old Royal Collection.
87. Phædri Fabulæ.-Paris, 1617. French binding
of the seventeenth century; with the arms and monogram
H 2
100
of Jacques Auguste de Thou and his second wife, Gasparde
de La Chastre. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
88. James I.-A Meditation upon the Lord's Prayer.
-London, 1619. English binding of the seventeenth
century. The king's own copy ; bound in purple velvet,
with an oval shield in the centre of each cover bearing the
royal arms, clasps with the initials I R, and ornamental
corner pieces : all in silver. Purchased in 1850.
89. Hall. Contemplations upon the Historicall Part of
the Old Testament.-London, 1626. English binding of
the seventeenth century ; bearing in the centre of each
cover the arms of King Charles I., to whom the book is
dedicated. Bequeathed by Felix Slade, Esq.
90. Massarius. Tractatus de modo equos frænandi.
Venetiis, 1607. English binding of the seventeenth
century; with the badge and initials of Henry, Prince of
Wales, eldest son of King James I. From the Old Royal
Collection.
91. Harmony of the Four Evangelists, compiled
for King Charles I. by Nicholas Ferrar and his family at
their religious establishment at Little Gidding in 1635.
English binding of the seventeenth century. Bound by
Mary Collet, niece of Nicholas Ferrar, and one of the in-
mates of his establishment. From the Old Royal Collec-
tion.
92. Bible.-Cambridge, 1674. English binding of
the seventeenth century. Bound in embroidered velvet
for King James II. Purchased in 1847.
93. Stosch.-Gemma Antiquæ.--Amstelodami, 1724.
Italian binding of the eighteenth century. Bound by
Joseph Bona, of Rome, in 1731. Purchased in 1850.
94. Ferretti.-De Re et Disciplina Militari.- Venetiis,
1575. English binding of the seventeenth century;
with the arms of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of
King James I. Purchased in 1837.
95. Burgklehner.- Thesaurus Historiarum.- Eui-
ponti, 1602-04. English binding of the seventeenth
century; with the arms of Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest
son of King James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
101
96. Dallington.-Aphorismes Civill and Militarie.--
London, 1613. Presentation copy to Prince Charles,
afterwards King Charles I., to whom the book is dedicated.
English binding of the seventeenth century ; bearing in
the centre of each cover the arms of the Prince, together
with his initials. From the Old Royal Collection.
97. Ufano.- Artillerie.-Franckfort, 1614. English
binding of the seventeenth century; with the arms of
Prince Charles, afterwards King Charles I. From the
Old Royal Collection.
98. Ammianus Marcellinus.-Rerum gestarum lib.
XVIII.-Hamburgi, 1609. French binding of the seven-
teenth century; with the arms and initial of Louis XIII.,
King of France. Bequeathed by the Right Hon. Thomas
Grenville..
99. Binet. - Euvres Spirituelles. — Rouen, 1620.
French binding of the seventeenth century; with the
arms, surrounded by the “cordelière des veuves," and
monogram of Mary de' Medici, widow of Henry IV., King
of France. Purchased in 1838.
100. Book of Common Prayer. --- London, 1632.
English chased silver binding of the seventeenth century.
Purchased in 1844.
101. Novum Testamentum Græce.- Amsterdami,
1633. French biuding of the seventeenth century. Bound
by Le Gascon. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
102. The Booke of Psalmes. - London, 1635.
English embroidered binding of the seventeenth century.
Purchased in 1855.
103. New Testament and Book of Common
Prayer.--London, 1643. English binding of the seven-
teenth century; red velvet; ornamented with silver plates
and clasps, containing the portraits of King Charles I. and
Queen Henrietta Maria, and symbolical representations of
the cardinal virtues, the four elements, &c. Purchased
in 1850.
104. Exercices d'une Ame Royale.-Par le P.
Cyprien de Gamaches.- Paris, 1655. French binding of
the seventeenth century; with the initials of Henrietta
102
Anna, daughter of Charles I., King of England, and wife
of Philip, Duke of Orleans. Bequeathed by the Right
Hon. Thomas Grenville, who has placed his arms in the
centre of each cover.
105. Biblia.-Lüneburg, 1683. German binding of
the seventeenth century. Purchased in 1858.
106. Bussières. – Flosculi Historiarum. -- Coloniæ
Agrippinæ, 1688. German binding in silver, with niello
work, of the seventeenth century. Purchased in 1863.
107. Jewish Daily Prayers.-German Rite.--Am-
sterdam, 1667. Binding, probably Flemish, of the
eighteenth century; with silver ornaments, clasps, etc.
Purchased in 1859.
108. Claudianus. — Opera. --- Lugduni Batavorum,
1650. French binding of the eighteenth century. From
the library of Baron de Longepierre. Bequeathed by the
Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
109. Arndt.-Paradiess-Gärtlein.—Ulm, 1722. German
binding in tortoiseshell, of the eighteenth century ; with
silver edgings, clasps, and ornaments. Bequeathed by
Felix Slade, Esq.
110. Chacon.-Historia utriusque belli Dacici a Tra-
jano Cæsarò gesti, &c.—Romæ, 1616. French binding of
the seventeenth century. Bound by Le Gascon. From
the Library of King George III.
111. Hippocratis et Galeni Opera.-Lutetiæ Parisi-
orum, 1639. English binding of the seventeenth century ;
bearing on each cover the arms of King Charles I., and
the monogram of the king and his queen. From the Old
Royal Collection.
112. Richer.-Rhetorices Expositio. — Parisiis, 1671.
French binding of the seventeenth century; with the
arms and monogram of François de Harlay-Chamvallon,
Archbishop of Paris. Purchased in 1870.
113. Lauro. - Pianta e Historia di Malta.- Roma,
1639. Italian binding of the seventeenth century; with
the arms of Cardinal Antonio Barberini. Purchased.
103
114. Illescas. - Historia Pontifical y Catholica. —
Madrid, 1613. English binding of the seventeenth cen-
tury; with the cypher of King Charles II. From the
Old Royal Collection.
115. Ripamonti.--Historia Patriæ.-Mediolani, 1641.
Italian binding of the seventeenth century. Presented
by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart.
116. Histoire de l'Ordre de St. Benoist.-Paris,
1691. French binding of the seventeenth century ; each
cover bearing the arms of Louis, the Dauphin, eldest son
of King Louis XIV. Purchased in 1860.
117. Office de la Semaine Sainte. Paris, 1712.
French mosaic binding of the eighteenth century. Pro-
bably bound by Padeloup. . Bequeathed by Felix
Slade, Esq.
118. Eutropius. – De gestis Romanorum. - Parisiis,
1539. French binding of the eighteenth century; with
the arms of Comte d'Hoym. Bound by Padeloup, whose
ticket is affixed to the title-page. Bequeathed by the
Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
119. Bible.-Cologne, 1739. French mosaic binding
of the eighteenth century. Bound by Monnier, whose
name occurs on the lower cover. Bequeathed by Felix
Slade, Esq.
120. Abbadie.-L'Art de se connoître soi-mesme. La
Haye, 1749. French binding of the eighteenth century;
red morocco. From the library of Madame Adelaide,
eldest daughter of Louis XV., King of France, whose
books were bound in red morocco, while those of her
sisters, Madame Victoire and Madame Sophie, were bound
respectively in olive and citron morocco. Purchased in
1860.
121. L'Anti-Lucrèce. Par M. le Cardinal de
Polignac. Paris, 1754. French binding of the
eighteenth century; olive morocco. From the library
of Madame Victoire, second daughter of Louis XV., King
of France. Purchased in 1860.
122. Chevreau.-Histoire du Monde.-- Paris, 1717.
French binding of the eighteenth century; citron
104
morocco. From the library of Madame Sophie, third
daughter of Louis XV., King of France. Purchased in
1860.
123. Heures Nouvelles.-Paris, 1749. French mosaic
binding of the eighteenth century. Probably bound by
J. A. Derome. Bequeathed by Felix Slade, Esq.
124. Missale Romanum.-Antverpiæ, 1663.-Dutch
binding of the seventeenth century. Bound by Magnus,"
of Amsterdam. Purchased in 1862.
125. Mémoires de Messire Philippe de Comines.
-Paris, 1649. French binding of the eighteenth cen-
tury; having the arms of Comte d’Hoym, to whom the
book formerly belonged, impressed upon the sides. Pro-
bably bound by Padeloup. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M.
Cracherode.
126. Polyglott Bible printed by Plantin at Antwerp
in 1569–72. A volume of a copy printed on vellum, and
presented by the Editor, B. Arias Montanus, at the com-
mand of Philip II., King of Spain, to the Duke of Alva,
in recognition of his services in the Netherlands. English
binding of the nineteenth century. Bound by Charles
Tuckett, formerly binder to the British Museum. Pur-
chased in 1840.
127. Paraphrase and Annotations upon all St.
Paul's Epistles.-London, 1702. English binding of the
eighteenth century. Purchased in 1860.
128. Allegrini.-De laudibus Sancti Stanislai Kostkæ
oratio. Romæ, 1767. Italian binding of the eighteenth
century; with the arms of Pope Clement XIII. Pur-
chased in 1860.
129. Euvres Anonymes. — Théâtre. — Tom. I. -
Paris, 1782. French binding of the eighteenth century;
with the arms. of Louis Philip Joseph (“ Philippe
Égalité"), Duke of Orleans, and Louisa Mary Adelaide,
his wife. Purchased in 1870.
130, Cicero.-De Oratore.-Rome, 1468. English
binding of the eighteenth century. Bound by Roger
Payne. Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode, whose
arms are impressed in the centre of each cover.
105
131. Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany
Bay. London, 1789. English binding of the eighteenth
century. Bound in kangaroo skin. Bequeathed by Sir
Joseph Banks, Bart.
132. Virgilius.Venetiis, 1505. English binding of
the eighteenth century; bound by Roger Payne, and
having a cameo inserted in the centre of each cover.
Bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
133. Michel.- Le Mistere de la resurrection de nostre
seigneur iesu crist.-Paris, 1495 ? French binding of
the nineteenth century. Bound by Thouvenin. Pur-
chased in 1847.
134, Desrey.-La genealogie avecques les gestes de
Godeffroy de boulion.--Paris, 1511. French binding of
the nineteenth century. Bound by Bauzonnet. Pur-
chased in 1847.
135. La conqueste du grant roy Charlemaigne des
espaignes, &c.--Lyon, 1501. French binding of the
nineteenth century. Bound by Lortic. Purchased in
1878.
136. La grand danse macabre, - Lyon, 1555.
French binding of the nineteenth century. Bound by
Duru. Purchased in 1852.
137. Oraison que feit Crispe Saluste contre Mar.
Tul. Ciceron, &c.-Paris, 1537. French binding of the
nineteenth century. Bound by Capé. Purchased in
1872.
106
Cases V. and VI.-Bindings executed for English
Sovereigns and Royal Personages.
1. La Saincte Bible.—Tom. 2. Anvers, 1534.
English binding; with the initials of King Henry VIII.
and Queen Anne Boleyn. From the Old Royal Collection.
2. Opus eximium de Vera Differentia Regiæ
Potestatis et Ecclesiasticæ. Londini, 1534. Printed
on vellum. English binding; probably executed by
Thomas Berthelet, by whom the book was printed ; each
cover bearing the arms and initials of King Henry VIII.
From the Old Royal Collection.
3. Elyot.- The Image of Governance. Lond. 1541.
English binding; executed by Thomas Berthelet, the
printer of the work, for King Henry VIII. On each cover
is stamped the royal motto DIEV. ET. DION. DROIT, accompanied
by the initials of the king; and on the edges of the leaves
are the words REX IN ETERNVM VIVE, painted in gold.
From the Old Royal Collection.
4. Biblia.-Tiguri, 1543. English binding; crimson
velvet, handsomely embroidered with fine gold braid, and
having in the centre of each cover the initials of King
Henry VIII. From the Old Royal Collection.
5. Il Petrarcha.-Venetia, 1544. English binding;
purple velvet, embroidered with the arms of Queen
Katharine Parr in gold and silver thread and coloured
silks. From the Old Royal Collection.
6. Petri Bembi Cardinalis Historia Veneta.
Venetiis, 1551. English binding; probably executed by
Thomas Berthelet; each cover bearing the arms and
crowned initials of King Edward VI; in a circle above the
arms is the royal motto DIEV ET MON DROYT, and in one below
them the date MDLII. From the Old Royal Collection.
7. Epitome Operum Divi Augustini.- Coloniæ,
1549. English binding; probably executed by Thomas
Berthelet; with the arms and initials of Queen Mary I.
From the Old Royal Collection.
107
8. Novum Testamentum Græce.-Lutetiæ, 1550.
English binding; green velvet, the upper cover having
the arms of Queen Elizabeth engraved on an ornamental
gold plate bearing traces of enamel; on the lower cover is
a similar plate with a crowned Tudor rose. The velvet is
modern. From the Old Royal Collection.
9. Flores Historiarum per Matthæum Westmon-
asteriensem collecti.—Londini, 1570. A presentation
copy from Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, to
Queen Elizabeth. English binding; each cover bearing
the arms and initials of the Queen. Bequeathed by the
Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
10. Mascher.—Il Fiore della Retorica.—Vinegia, 1560.
Italian binding; executed for presentation to Elizabeth,
Queen of England, to whom the book is dedicated. From
the Old Royal Collection.
11. Christopherson.— Historia Ecclesiastica. -- Pars
III.-Lovanii, 1569. English binding; green velvet,
each cover embroidered with the arms of Queen Elizabeth
in gold and silver thread and coloured silks. From the
Old Royal Collection.
12. Meditationum ac precationum Christian-
arum libellus.-Lugduni, 1570. English binding; exe-
cuted for Queen Elizabeth ; red velvet, the covers having
centre pieces bearing a crowned Tudor rose with the
initials E R, also corners and clasps; the whole being of
gold, decorated with colours in enamel. From the Library
of King George III.
13. Justinus.-Trogi Pompeii Historiarum Philippica-
rum epitoma.-Parisiis, 1581. English binding; bearing
in the centre of each cover one of the badges of Queen
Elizabeth: a crowned falcon holding a sceptre. This
was the device of Queen Anne Boleyn, but its use was
continued by her daughter, Queen Elizabeth. Purchased
in 1886.
14. Thevet.-Pourtraits et vies des Hommes Illustres.
-Paris, 1584. An elaborately tooled binding, probably
French; each cover hearing the arms and initials of King
James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
108
15. Pontificale Romanum.-Romæ, 1615. English
binding; richly ornamented with fleurs-de-lis, thistles, etc.,
and bearing in the centre of each cover the arms of King
James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
16. Barry.-De successionibus testati ac intestati opus.
-Lugduni, 1617. French binding; probably bound for
presentation to King James I., to whom the book is dedi-
cated. The arms are incorrect, having apparently been
copied from those of Queen Elizabeth. From the Old
Royal Collection.
17. Divinæ Scripturæ, nempe Veteris ac Novi
Testamenti, omnia. Gr.--Francofurti, 1597. English
binding; crimson velvet, each cover being stamped with the
arms of King James I. From the Old Royal Collection.
18. Abbot.--De Gratia et Perseverantia Sanctorum.---
Londini, 1618. English binding; with the arms of King
James I. impressed in the centre of each cover. From the
Old Royal Collection.
19. Commentaires de Messire Blaise de Monluc,
Mareschal de France.-Bourdeaus, 1592. English bind-
ing; each cover bearing the badge and initials of Henry,
Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. From the
Old Royal Collection.
20. Becano-Baculus - Salcolbrigiensis. – Oppen-
hemii, 1611. English binding; crimson velvet, each cover
bearing the badge of Henry, Prince of Wales, to whom the
book is dedicated. From the Old Royal Collection.
21. Rivault.-Les Elemens de l'Artillerie. — Paris,
1608. English binding; each cover bearing the badge of
Henry, Prince of Wales. From the Old Royal Collection.
22. Bouchel.—La Bibliotheque, on Thresor du Droict
François. – Paris, 1615. English binding; profusely
decorated with fleurs-de-lis and flaming hearts, and bearing
in the centre of each cover the arms of King James I.
From the Old Royal Collection.
23. Rerum Anglicarum, Henrico VIII., Edwardo
VI. et Maria regnantibus, Annales.-{By Bishop
Godwin.] London, 1616. English binding; with the
109
arms of King James I., to whom the book is dedicated.
From the Old Royal Collection.
24. Bouchet. — Les Annalles Dacquitaine. — Paris,
1540. English binding; with the arms of Henry, Prince
of Wales, in the centre of each cover, and crowned roses
at the corners. From the Old Royal Collection.
25. Lycosthenes.- Prodigiorum ac Ostentorum chro-
nicon.—Basilea, 1557. English binding; with the arms
of Henry, Prince of Wales, in the centre of each cover,
and fleurs-de-lis at the corners. From the Old Royal
Collection.
26. Froissart. - Croniques. — Paris, 1518. English
binding; with the arms of Henry, Prince of Wales, in the
centre of each cover, and crowned lions at the corners.
From the Old Royal Collection.
27. Adam goddam super quattuor libros senten
tiarum. —Paris, 1512. English binding ; with the arms
of Henry, Prince of Wales, in the centre of each cover,
and his badge at the corners. From the Old Royal
Collection.
28. Netter.-Doctrinale Antiquitatum Fidei Ecclesiæ
Catholicæ.—Venetiis, 1571. English binding; each cover
bearing the arms of Henry, Prince of Wales. From the
Old Royal Collection.
29. Williams.-The Right Way to the best Religion.
-London, 1636. English binding; each cover bearing
the arms of King Charles I., to whom the book is dedicated.
From the Old Royal Collection.
30. Amyraut. Paraphrasis in Psalmos Davidis. Sal-
murii, 1662. French binding; probably bound for pre-
sentation to King Charles II., to whom the book is
dedicated. The arms of the King are impressed in the
centre of each cover, and his crowned cypher at the corners.
From the Old Royal Collection.
31. Book of Common Prayer. — London, 1669.
English binding; the beautifully tooled covers bearing
the crowned cypher of King Charles II. From the Library
of King George III.
110
32. Paruta.--Historia Vinetiana. Vinetia, 1605. Eng-
lish binding ; with the crowned cypher of King Charles II.
From the Old Royal Collection.
33. Bible. — Cambridge, 1674. English binding;
crimson velvet, handsomely embroidered with gold and
silver thread and coloured silks. In the centre of each
cover are worked the initials of King James II., sur-
mounted by a crown. Purchased in 1847.
34. Memoirs of the Earl of Castlehaven.- London,
1681. English binding; each cover bearing the arms of
King William III. The initials of King George III.
have been placed above the arms. From the Library of
King George III.
de Henri III., Roy de France. 1662. English binding;
with the crowned cypher of King William III. impressed
in the centre of each cover. Purchased in 1860.
36. Ælfric, Archbishop of Canterbury. An Eng-
lish-Saxon Homily on the Birth-Day of St. Gregory.
Translated by Eliz. Elstob. London, 1709. English
binding; having at each corner of the covers the crowned
cypher of Queen Anne, to whom the book is dedicated.
From the Library of King George III.
37. Account of what passed in a conference con-
cerning the Succession to the Crown. MS. English
binding; with the arms of King George I. in the centre
of each cover, and his crowned cypher at the corners.
Purchased in 1883.
38. Musgrave.—Antiquitates Britanno-Belgicæ, etc.
-Iscæ Dunmoniorum, 1719. English binding; each
cover bearing the badge and initials of George, Prince of
Wales, afterwards King George II., to whom the book is
dedicated. From the Library of King George III.
39. Playford.— Wit and Mirth; or Pills to purge
Melancholy. - London, 1714. English binding; each
cover bearing the arms of Caroline, Princess of Wales,
wife of George, Prince of Wales, afterwards King George
II. The initials of King George III. have been placed
above the arms. From the Library of King George III.
111
40. Chandler.-A Vindication of the Defence of
Christianity, etc. London, 1728. English binding; each
cover bearing the arms of King George II., to whom the
book is dedicated. From the Library of King George III.
41. Der gantze Psalter.-London, 1751. English
binding; each cover bearing the arms and initials of
George, Prince of Wales, afterwards King George III.
Bound by Andreas Linde, Bookbinder to the Prince.
From the Library of King George III.
42. Form and Order of the Coronation of King
George III. and Queen Charlotte.—London, 1761.
English binding; with the arms of King George III.
impressed in the centre of each cover. From the Library
of King George III.
43. London and its Environs described. London,
1761. English binding ; executed for George, Prince of
Wales, afterwards King George IV., whose badge is
placed in the centre and at the corners of each cover.
From the Library of King George III.
At the Northern end of the Library is temporarily
exhibited a series of printed books and facsimiles,
arranged in eight cases separately numbered, illus-
trating the history and growth of the principal
alphabets of the world.
R. GARNETT.
May, 1891.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIJITED,
BTAMFORD STRLLT AND CHARING CROSS.

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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