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NOV 26 1918
JX
1555
.AZ
1918
Full Texts
of
Secret Treaties
As revealed at Petrograd
The sensational "secret diplomacy” disclos-
ures made by Trotzky when the Bolsheviki
came into possession of the Russian archives
!
Reprinted from
The New Bork Evening Post
More Than a Newspaper--A National Institution
Price 10c.
IN
F there is one man who has profited by the publication of the
secret documents given out by the Russians and just printed
in full by The Evening Post, it is Woodrow Wilson. Trotzky
had, of course, no such special purpose in mind. He merely
wanted to strike at all secret diplomacy, to show how the Allies
were secretly at the same old game of planning how to redistribute
the world, according to their own tastes and desires, agreeing pri-
vately among themselves as to the spoils of victory. Recognizing
how great the mischief this sort of thing has done in the past,
wishing to help on a democratic peace, and to force everything
into the open, Trotzky opened up the archives. By doing so he let
out the very best evidence of the wisdom and statesmanship of
Woodrow Wilson in putting as his first clause in his peace condi-
titons of January 8, 1918, this demand:
"Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which
there shall be no private international understandings of any kind,
but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public
view."
Behind him on that plank should stand every American who
is loyal to democracy and desires a better world, and The Evening
Post rejoices that its good luck in being able to obtain in this coun-
try the full text of the first batch of these documents—there are
more to come—has made possible its thus serving the President
and the country's underlying cause.
--Oswald Garrison Villard, writing in the Saturday Maga-
zine of The New York Evening Post, February 2, 1918.
376952
(All Rights Reserped)
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
Full Texts of Secret Treaties
as Revealed at Petrograd
FIRST INSTALMENT
samo
ary 21, 1917.
The documents given in the first instalment are:
tem of secret diplomacy to its very high-
est development. The struggle with the
1. Trotzky's preface to the publication of the secret treaties, imperialism that has bied white and ruin-
announcing that “the Government of workers and peasants abolished the peoples of Europe connotes at the
tinie the conflict against capi-
es secret diplomacy."
talistic diplomacy, which lias many rea-
2. Secret telegram from Terestchenko, Russian Foreign Min. sons to fear the light of day. The Rus-
sian people and with it the peoples of
ister, September 24, 1917, to the Russian Ambassador in Paris, con- Europe and of the whole world must learn
cerning the willingness of the then Russian Government to pub- the documentary evidence of those plans
hatched in secret by the financiers and
lish the treaties concluded before the war.
industrialists jointly with their parlia-
3. The treaty by which Italy entered the war, April 26, 1915. mentary and diplomatic agents. For the
right to this evidence the people of Europe
4. Report of Gen. Polivanoff regarding causes of Rumania's have paid with countless sacrifices and
utter economic ruin.
entry into the war, November 20, 1916.
The abolition of secret diplomacy is
5. Confidential memorandum, source not indicated, of offers the foremost condition of honest, popular,
truly democratic external policy. To bring
to Greece for her aid to Servia.
about such a state of affairs is the pur-
6. Agreement with regard to the division of Turkey, Febru- pose of the Soviet Government. Therefore,
in openly proposing an immediate arm.
istice to all belligerent nations and their
In his address before Congress on January 8, defining the governments, we at the same time publish
such treaties and agreements which have
war aims of the United States, President Wilson stated as his lost all their binding force on the Rus-
first condition of a durable peace:
sian workers, soldiers, and peasants, who
have taken the power of government into
"Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there their own hands.
shall be no private international understandings of any kind,
The bourgeois politicians and scribblers
of Austro-Hungary and Germany pay at-
but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view." tempt to make use of the published docu-
ments in order to present in a favorable
The demand for the publication of the Following is the text of Leon Trotzky's light the diplomatic efforts of the Central
secret treaties between Russia and her preface on secret diplomacy issued at the Empires. But any attempt in this direc-
Allies was brought forward soon after time of the first revelation of the docu- tion will be doomed to complete and sor-
ments.
ry failure,
And this for two reasons:
the ovorthrop of the Czar's government
SECRET DIPLOMACY.
firstly, we intend soon to present beforo
by the extremist Socialist factions and
In commencing the publication of se-
the judgment of public opinion the se.
was opposed to the last by the earlier cret diplomatic' documents, in the field cret documents which characterize quito
coalition cabinets, by Kerensky and by of foreign policies of Czarism, and of the harply the diplomacy of the Central Em-
his Minister of Foreign Affairs, Terest- Bourgeois-Coalition governments for the pires, and secondly,—and this is of great-
Arst seven months of the Revolution we er importance,--the methods of secret
chenko. The Bolsheviki uprising against
are fulfilling the obligation which we diplomacy are just as international
Kerensky broke out on November 7 of assumed when we were the Opposition imperlalistic rapaciousness itself. When
last year. Leon Trotzky lost no tine in Party Secret diplomacy is a necessary
the German proletariat thru revolutionary
means will find access to the secret vaults
taking possession of the archives of the weapon in the hands of a propertied ms.
of its government chancellories, it will
Foreign Office at Petrograd and with nority which is forced to deceive the ma-
jority in order to subject it to its own
extract therefrom documents in no wise
characteristic energy the publication of interests. Imperialism, with its world- inferior to those, which we are about to
the secret documents was begun, Novom- wide plans of plunder and rapacious this event will take place as soon as pos-
publish. It remains only to be hoped that
ber 23.
treatios and agreements, brought the syssible.
as
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
The government of workers and peas. | lished before or during the war, in the (ers flowing into Sebiniko, such as Chicol-
ants abolishes secret diplomacy with its event of the other Allies who are parties lo, Kerka, and Butisnitza, with all their
intriĝues, lies, and cipher codes. We to them consenting Pegarding the tributaries: In the same way Italy is to
have: nothing to conceal. Our program question of Asia Minor agreements I receive all the islands located to the
formulates the ardent desires of millions will communicate to you my views in a north and west of the shores of Dalmatia,
in or workers, "peasants and soldiers. We special supplementary telegram. beginning with the islands of Premua, Sel-
want the speediest peace based on honest
(Signed) TERESCHENKO. va, Ulbo, Skerd, Maoñ, Pago, and Punia-
co-habitation and co-operation of peoples.
dura, and further to the north, and to
We want the speediest overthrow of the
The following agreement among the
Weled on the south, with inclusion there-
domination of capital. Revealing to the Powers of the Entente dates back to the in of the islands of St. Andrew, Buzzi,
whole world the work of the ruling class. Grst year of the war and the régime of Lissa, Lessino, Tercola, Curzola, Kaisa,
es as it finds its expression in the secret the Czar. · Signed on April 26-May 9, it and Lagosta, with all the islands and
documents of diplomacy, we address our-
selves to the workers with that call which preceded by just a fortnight the entrance bluffs belonging to them, as well as Pa-
Io.g'ozza, but without the islands of great
constitutes the unchangeable basis of our of Italy into the war.
and little Zirona, Bua, Satti, Brazza.
external policy: "Proletarians of all
THE ITALIAN AGREEMENT.
Art. VI. Italy shall receive in full right
countries unite."
The Italian Ambassador, Marquis Im- Vallon, the islands of Sasseno, and a ter-
The People's Commissary of Foreign
periali, under instructions of his Gov- ritory sufficiently extensive to safeguard
Affairs.
L. TROTZKY.
crnment, has the honor to deliver to the them in a military way, approximately
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sir E. Grey, between the River Voyuss on the north
Following is the text of a secret tele- the T'rench Ambassador (in London), and and the east, and to the boundaries of the
gram from Terestchenko to the Chargé the Russian Ambassador (in London), Schimar district to the south.
Count Benckendorf, the following memo- Art. VII. On receiving Trentino and
d'Affaires in Paris concerning the will-
randuin:
Istria in accordance with article IV, of
ingness of the then Russian Government
Art. I. Between the General Staffs of Dalmatia and the Adriatic Islands in ac-
(September 24, 1917), to publish treaties France, Great Britain, Russia, and Italy cordance with article V, and the Bay of
concluded before the war.
must forthwith be concluded a military Vallon, Italy is obligated in the event
agreement. This agreement shall define of the forination in Albania of a small
RUSSIA'S READINESS TO PUBLISH the minimum military forces which Rus- autonomous neutralized state, not to op-
THE TREATIES.
sia must move against Austria-Hungary pose the possible desire of France, Great
[Secret telegram from the Russian For- in the event the latter should concentrate Britain, and Russia to redistribute among
eign Minister to the Chargé d'Affaires in all per forces against Italy, and Russia Montenegro, Serbia, and Greece of the
Paris, communicated also to London and against Germany. In an equitable fashion northern and southern districts 01 Al-
Rome, 24 September, 1917, No. 4225.] the agreement shall regulate the ques. banla. The southern shore of Albania
With reference to your Nos. 947 and ticns of armistice in so far as these re- from the boundary of the Italian district
of the lof Vallona to the Cape af stilos is sub-
152. The assurances made to you by late to the commanding staffs
Ribot (then French Foreign Minister] on army..
ject to neutralization.
the occasion of his declaration in the
Art. II. On her side Italy obligates Italy shall have the right to conduct
Chamber regarding the eastern frontiers herself, with all the forces at her com- the foreign relations 02 "Albania." j.na
of France, are unfortunately not alto-mand, to enter into the campaign in any event. Italy obligates herself to
gother straightforward. The question of combination with France, Russia, and leave certain territory suficiently ex-
linking this agreement with the agree-Great Britain against all of the Govern- tensive for Albania, in order that the
ment regarding Constantinople and the ments at war with them.
boundaries of the latter are continuous
Straits was raised neither in the ex-
Art. III. The naval forces of France on the test from Lake Ochrida, to the
change of Notes with Paléologue [then and Great Britain will actively and fully bolindaries of Greece ond Serbia.
Art. VIII. Italy is to receive in full
French Ambassador in Petrograd) nor in coöperate with Italy until the Austrian
my verbal declaration to Noulens (the fleet is completely destroyed or until the right all the islands now occupied by her
present Ambassador). Voulens proposed conclusion of peace. Between France, at Dodekez.
to me the publication of che treaties con- Italy, and Great Britain shall be signed Art. IX. France, Great Britain, and
cluded before the warmthat is really the forth with a military naval agreement. Russia in principle recognize the inter-
Russian "military conventions. To this I
Art. IV. L'nder the imminent treaty of ests of Italy, in preserving the political
remarked that such a publication of a peace Italy must receive: The district of balance in the Mediterranean. Sea, and
treaty whic'r is generally known would Trentino; the entire Southern Tyrol to lier right to receive on the division of
'be "completely misunderstood by public its natural geographic noundary, the River Turkey an equal share with them in the
opinion and would only give rise to de- Brenner; the city and suburbs of Trieste, besin of the Mediterranean, and more
mands for the publication of the agree- Goritzia, and Gradisca, all of Istria to specifically in that part of it contiguous
mients which had been concluded during Quarnero, including Vuiosca, and the IS- to the province of Adalia, where Italy
the war."- The publication of these, and trian islands of Cherso and Lussino, and had already obtained special rights and
especially of the Roumanian and Italian also the smaller islands of Plavnik, Unia, has developed certain interests vouch-
"tréaties, is regarded by our Allies as un- Canidole, Palazzuolo, San Pietro dei Nem- safed to her by the Italo-British agree-
destrable. In any case we have no in- bi, Azinello, Grutzo, together with the ment. Tlle
subject
to trans-
tention of putting difficulties in the way neighboring islands.
ler to the sovereignty of Italy will
of France or of placing Ribot in a still Art. V. In the same manner Italy is be more specifically defined in due timo,
more painful position. In order, then, to to receive the province of Dalmatia in its and in correspondence with the vital
avoid in the future such misunderstand- present form, with the inclusion within interests of France and Great Britain.
ings'as' have already twice arisen owing its limits on the north of Lissariki and Likewise, the interests of Italy must be
to his
statements in the Chamber, I re- Trebino, and on the south of all lands taken into consideration, even in the
quest you to intimate officially to the to a line drawn at Cape Planca to the event the territorial inviolability of Asi-
French Government that on the part of east along the water-shed in such a atic Turkey shall be sustained by the
Russia no obstacles will be placed in the manner that in the Italian domains shall Powers for a further period of time, and
way of publishing all agreements pub-] be included all the valleys along the riv- is only redistribution of spheres of in
zone
A
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
war.
on
nuence is' to take place. Should don in four copies the 26th day of April, that, from the first, the Chief of Stall
France, Great Britain, and Russia, in the 1915.
for military reasons, held the neutrality
course of the present war occupy cor-
SIR EDWARD GREY,
of Roumania to be more advantageous
tain districts of Asiatic Turkey, tho en-
CAMBON,
for us than her active intervențion in the
tire district adjacent to Adalia and here-
MARQUIS IMPERIALI,
Later on General Alexejev adopted
COUNT BENCKENDORF,
with more specifically defined, shall re-
the point of view of the Allies, who look-
main with Italy, which reserves for it-
ed upon Roumania's entry as a decisive
sell the right to occupy the same.
Significant in the following memoran- blow for Austria-Hungary and as the
Art. X. In Libya all the rights and dum addressed to the Russian authori. nearing of the war's end.
privileges which prior to this date have ties is the policy of double-dealing which
In August, 1916, a military and politi-
been acquired by the Sultan on the basis it suggests with regard to Rumania cal agreement was signed with Roumania,
of the treaty of Lazansk are recognized which had entered the war on the side of which assigned to her such accessions of
as belonging to Italy.
the Allies and had met with disaster. territory (Bukovina and all Transylvania)
Art. XI. Italy shall receive such share General Polivanott. the writer of the re- as quite obviously did not correspond to
of the military contribution
as shall port, evidently finds consolation for Ru- the measure of Roumania's share of mili-
correspond to the measure of sacrifice and mania's misfortunes in the reflection that tary operations; since she had undertak-
effort made by her.
in case of victory Rumania would have en only to declare war on Austria-Hun-
Art. XII. Italy joins in a declaration attained a degree of prestige and mili- gary, and had confined herself to opera-
made by France, England, and Russia as tary influence detrimental to Russia. tions in Transylvania.
to leaving Arabia and sacred Moham- RUSSIAN. POLICY TOWARDS ROU- greatly our Allies were mistaken, and
The events which followed showed how
medan places in control of an independ-
MANIA.
how they overvalued Roumania's entry.
ent Mohammodan Power.'
Art. XIII. In the event of expansion [Report of General Polivanov (No. 240) Under the impression of the catastrophe
of Irench and English colonial domains regarding the causes of Roumania's on-
currents arose in Roumania itself, which
in Africa at the 'expense of Germany, try and recent events on the Roumanian opposed a continuance of the war and
made the early conclusion of peace, even
France and Great Britain recognize in front, 7-20 November, 1916.)
principle the Italian right to demand for
of a separate peace, their aim, The mis.
Since the outbreak of the European cortune which overcame Roumania is the
herself certain compensations in the War Roumania had officially adopted a
sense of expansions of her lands in Eric neutral attitude, which very frequently military preparation under the two-sided
natural result of the complete lack of
thria, Somaliland, in Libya, and colonial and noticeably inclined now to one, 110W
districts lying on the boundary, with the to the other side, according to the course
policy of Bratianu. Roumania's easy vic-
tories in 1913 and her diplomatic suc-
colonies of France and England,
ol military operations. This was based
Art. XIV. England obligates hersell upon two main calculations: the wish not materially to both society and Govern-
cess after the Balkan Wars contributed
to assist Italy immediately to negotiate on to arrive too late for the partition of ment exaggerating their own importanco.
the London market advantageous Austria-Hungary, and the endeavor to
Politically and militarily, the Rounianian.
terms of a loan ini à sum not less than
carn as much as possible at the expense
greatly overrated themselves, and
50,000,000 pounds sterling.
of the belligerents. Our successes in Ga-
Art. XV, France, England, and Russia 'icia and Bukovina in 1914 and early 1915,
now undergoing a bitter disappointment.
From the standpoint of Russian inter-
obligate themselves support Italy le capture of Lemberg and Przemysl, ests, we must be guided by the follow-
in her desire for non-admittance of the and the appearance of our advance guard ing considerations in judging the present
Holy See to any kind of diplomatic steps beyond the Çarpathians, brought the
situation in Roumania. If things had de- .
for the purpose of the conclusion of question of Roumanian intervention to a veloped in such a way that the mill-
peace or the regulation of questions aris. head. At the end of May of the same
tary and poltical agreement of 1916 with
ins from the present war.
jear our retreat from Galicia and Poland Roumania had been fully realized, then a
Art. XVI. This treaty must be kept took place, and Bukovina was abandoned, very strong State would have arisen in
seoret. As to Italy joining in the De- and the feelings of leading circles in Rou- the Balkans, consisting of Moldavia, Wal-
claration of September 6, 1914, only said mania correspondingly changed. The ne- lachia, the Dobrudja (1. e., the present
declaration shall be made public imme- gotiations for intervention came of their Roumania), and of Transylvania, the
diately after the declaration of the war own accord to a standstill.
Banat, and Bukovina (acquisitions under
by or against Italy.
At the end of 1915 and early in 1910, the Treaty of 1916), with a population of
Taking into consideration the present after the destruction of Serbia and Bui- about 13,000,000. In the future this State
nemorandun, the representatives of g'aria's intervention, Roumanian policy could hardly have been friendly disposed
France, Great Britain, and Russia, hav- leaned very noticeably towards the side towards Russia, and would scarcely have
ing been duly empowered for this pur- of our enemies. At that time the Rou- abandoned the design of realizing its na-
pose, agreed with the representative of manian Government concluded a whole tional dreams in Bessarabia and the Bal-
Italy, who in his turn duly en- series of very advantageous commercia! kans [sic]. Consequently, the collapse of
powered by his Government, in the agreements with Austria-Hungary and Roumania's plans as a Great Power is
premises as follows: France, Great Brit- Germany. This circumstance forced our not particularly opposed to Russia's in-
ain, and Russia expressed their complete military, financial, and commercial au- terests. This circumstance must be ex-
agreement with the present memorandum horities to show great caution in the ploited by us in order to strengthen for
presented to them by the Italian Gov- question of the export from Russia to as long as possible those compulsory. ties
einment. With regard to Art. I, II, and Roumania of war material and various which link Russia with Roumania. . Our
III, of this memorandum relating to the other supplies, such as might fall into successes on the Roumanian front are for
coöperation of the military and naval the hands of our enemies. In conse- us of extraordinary importance, as the
operations of all four Powers, Italy de-quence of the brilliant offensive of Gen-only possibility of deciding once for all in
clares that she will enter actively at the eral Brusilov in the spring and summer, the sonse we desire
we desire the question OL
very earliest opportunity, and at all 1916, Roumanian neutrality leant once Constantinople and the Straits. The
events not later than one month after inore to the side of the Entento Powerg, events
occurring in Poumania
the signing of the present document by and there arose the possibility of renew have altered to their very foundation the
the contracting parties. The undersigned ing the interrupted negotiations for Rou-conditions of the Treaty of 1916. Instead
have set their hands and seals at Lon-manian intervention. It is to be observed lof the comparatively modest military pup.
aro
to
was
noty
Serbia came to the latter's aid, the En- of 1916 as result of negotiations taking to be subject to a special regime by agreo-
tente Powers would recognize to Greece place in London and Petrograd between ment between Russia, France, and Eng-
$
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
port which Russia was pledged to pro- and were interrupted by the resignation | rograd, the British, French, and Rus.
vide in the Dobrudja, she had to assign of Venizelos on 21 February, 1915. On 9 sian governments came to an agreement
the defence of Roumanian territory on all March, 1915, the Greek Foreign Minister, with regard to future distribution of their
sides almost exclusively to Russian Zographos, handed to the Ministers at zones of influence and territorial acquis- .
troops. . This military aid on the part of Athens a Note in which the Cabinet ex- itions in Asiatic Turkey, and also with
Russia has now assumed such dimensions pressed the wish to resume the negotia- regard to organization within the limits
that the promise of territorial compensa- tions interrupted by the departure of of Arabia of an independent Arabian
tions to Roumania prescribed in
the Venizelos. On 30 March, in answer to this, government or Confederation of Arabian
treaty in return for her entry into the the Entente Ministers expressed the governments.
war must undoubtedly be submitted to readiness of the Russian, British and In general this agreement is substan.
revision.
(Signed) POLIVANOV. French Governments to guarantee tially as follows:
The following confidential memoran-
the vilayet
ol Aduin to Greece in Russia acquires regions of Erzerum,
dum; the exact source of which is not in the event of her entering against Tur- Trebizond, Van, Bitlis, and also the ter-
dicated, concerns the offers by the Min- key. They resumed the negotiations, ritory of South Kurdestan, along the line
Isters. of "Russia, England, and France, adding verbally that the offer would lapse of Muscha Sert Ibn Omar Amali Amalia,
to the Greek Government in Athens, unless Greece without delay declared her Persian boundary. The furthest. point of
of territory in South Albania and Asia readiness to intervene. In the reply Note Russian acquisition on the shore of the
Minor in return for immediate Greek aid the Gounaris Cabinet on 1 April declared Black Sea is to be a point west of Treb-
to Servia.
its willingness to enter at once, if the izond, subject to future determination.
Entente Powers would be ready to com-
France is to receive the coast strip
OFFERS TO GREECE.
mence military operations against Tur- of Syria, Addansk District and territory
[Confidential Memorandum, cxact source key jointly with the Greek troops. In-bounded on the south by a line running,
not indicated.]
tervention was made dependent on a for- Ajutab-Mardin to the future Russian
offer of South Albania.-On 22 No- mal guarantee of Greece's territorial in- boundary and on the north by a lino
vember, 1914, the Ministers of Russia, tegrity, with the inclusion of North Epi- Ala-Daga Kosanya-ak-Daga Ildiz-
England, and France declared to the rus and the islands during the whole war Daga-Zara-Ogim--Kharput.
Greek Government in Athens that Greece and for a definite period after it. The Great Britain acquires southern part
would receive the southern portion of territorial acquisitions of Greece in Asia of Mesopotamia with 'Bagdad and
Albania, with the exception of Valona, in Minor and elsewhere were to be the sub-serves for herself in Syria the ports of
the event of her immediate entry in aid ject of subsequent deliberation. The ne- Harpha and Akka.
of Serbia. For immediate entry Veni-gotiations were not renewed during that By agreement between
France and
zelos demanded a sure guarantee from month, and on 1 May the Foreign Minis- England the territory in the zones be-
Roumania against an attack of Bulgaria ter declared that the Entente Powers obtween French and English territories shall
upon Greece. . This guarantee was not viously did not wish to guarantee Greece's be formed into a confederation of Arab-
given by Roumania. Consequently Greece integrity and that the Gounaris Cabinet ian governments, or an independent Ara-
gave no help to Serbia and the offer had decided to preserve its neutrality bian government, the zones of influence
lapsed.
still further.
over which is herewith defined.
Offer of Territory in Asia Minor.-On 12
Alexandro is declared a free port.
Information with regard to the divi.
January, 1915, the British Minister in
With the aim of conserving the relig-
Athens, on instructions from his Goy- /sion of Turkish territory in Asia Minor is
rous interests of the allied powers, Pal.
ernment, informed Venizelos
that if Greece | contained in the following memorandum estine with the sacred places is to be
at the moment of a fresh attack upon of an agreement entered into in the spring separated from Turkish territory and is
important territorial acquisitions on the the British, French, and Russian Gov-
land.
coast of Asia Minor. On 15 January, ernments. The document has no signa-
As a general condition, the contract-
1915, the Greek Ministers in Petrograd, ture, but is certified as being true to ing powers mutually obligate themselves
Paris, and London handed in the answer
the original.
to recognize the respective concessions
of the Greek Government to the Eng-
THE DIVISION OF TURKEY.
and prerrogatives existing prior to the
lish proposal, containing a whole series
war in the territories acquired by them.
of conditions.“ The negotiations begun on
Information on the question of Asia
They agree to assume a proportionate
20 January regarding Greek wishes in Minor, February 21, 1917.
share of the Ottoman debt equivalent to
respect of Asia Minor were held up by As a result of negotiations taking place their respective acquisitions.
negotiations regarding Bulgaria's entry, in the Spring of 1916 in London and Pet- True to Original.
re- »
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
SECOND INSTALMENT
The second instalment concerns the important agreements en- boundaries as to Central Europe are at
this moment premature, but at the same
tered into with regard to territorial readjustments on the Franco-time it is to be remembered that we are
German frontiers, and at Constantinople, and the Straits. A further ready to grant to France and England
complete freedom in fixing the limitan
document deals with information that a Swedish diplomatic pouch tions of the western German boundary,
is to be opened at Madrid. The translations of these documents depending that the Allies in their turn
will grant to us freedom in fixing our
from the files of the Russian Foreign Office are from the first Rus- boundaries with Germany and Austria.
sian texts known to have reached this country.
It is important to insist on the exclusion
of the Polish question as a subject mata
ter for international discussion, and on
The documents given are:
elimination of all attempts to place the
1. Telegrams from Sazonoff, Russian Foreign Minister, on future of Poland under the guarante.
and control of the powers. With regard
joint agreements for territorial readjustinents and on forcing Ger- to Scandinavian Governments it is im-
portant to make an effort to hold Sweden
man trade out of China. Dated February 24, 1916.
back from taking a hostile step, and at
2. French annexation plans in Western Germany as com- the same time to decide in time upon
municated in an Imperial audience at Petrograd by M. Doumergie. side in the event war with Sweden can
measures to win Norway over to our
January 30, 1917.
not be avoided. To Rumania all political
3. Note from the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs re- benefits, have already been offered to
induce it to take up arms, and therefore
stating French annexation plans in Western Germany and pledg- to look in this field for new decoys is
altogether useless.
ing Russia's support.
The question of forcing Germans out
4. Telegram from the Russian Ambassador at Paris on the of Chinese market is of great importance.
but as its solution is impossible without
agreement on exchange of annexations, March 11, 1917.
the coöperation of Japan, it is preferable
5. Agreement as to annexation by Russia of Constantinople, to submit it for discussion at an economic
ccnference at which Japan will be repre-
the Straits, etc., March 4, 1915.
sented. This does not exclude the de.
6. Telegram of Sazonoff, March 18, 1915, concerning Rus- sirability of exchanging ideas on this sub-
ject between Russia, France, and Eng-
sian annexation of Constantinople and the Straits.
land through diplomatic channels.
7. Telegram of Sazonoff to the Russian Ambassador in Lon-
(Signed) SAZONOFF. .
don restating agreements with regard to Constantinople and Per-
Nearly a year after
preceding
agreement we find the Russian Foreign
sia.
dealing in greater detail with
8. Telegram to the Russian Ambassador at Stockholm on the French annexation plans in western Ger.
niany.
information that it is proposed to open the Swedish pouch at
FOR ANNEXATION
Madrid.
FRENCH BOURGEOISIE.
[Secret telegram to the Ambassador in
In the following telegram from the PROGRAMME OF SAZONOIF.
Paris. Petrograd, January 30, 1917.
Russian Foreign Minister Sazonoff we [Secret telegram to the Ambassador in No. 507. Copy in London.
find the first mention of Allied plans re- Paris, February 24, 1916. . No. 948.
Secret. At an Imperial audience M.
garding territorial readjustments at the Refer to my telegram 6063 of 1915.) Doumergue transmitted to the Emperor
At the coming conference you might the desire of France to insure for hersell
expense of the Teuton Powers in case of
victory. 'To Great Britain and France is be guided by the following general prin- at the termination of the war the return of
ciples.
Alsace and Lorraine and of a certain
conceded the right of determining the
Political agreements entered into among position in the valley of the river Saar,
western boundary of Germany. in re- the Allies during the war should remain aid also to attain the political separation
turn for a free hand for Russia with the unalterable and are 1200 subject to
from Germany of her beyond the Rhine
vision. This refers to our izrceinent with provinces and their organization on a dif-
eastern boundary of the Teuton coun-
France and England about Constan:i- ferent basis, so that in the future the
The importance of forcing Ger-nople and the Straits, Syria and Asia river Rhine should be a secure strategic
man trade out of China in conjunction inor, and also to the London agreement inundary against
invasion.
with Japan is emphasized.
with Italy. All propositions as to future | Doumergue expressed ibie hope that the
the
Office
DEMANDS
BY
re-
tries.
Geriren
-
10
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
Imperial government will not decline to in the composition of the German Empire, ter of fairly common ki woning iloin the
formulate at once its assent to these will be completely separated from Ger- | beginning.
propositions. His Imperial Majesty in
Majesty in many and shall be freed from all political
AGREEMENT AS TO CONSTANTINO-
principle assented to this, in consequence and economic dependence on her.
PLE AND THE STRAITS.
of which I requested Doumergue after (4.) The territory on the left bank of
getting in touch with his government to the Rhine not included in the composition (Second political division) (Information)
communicate to me a proposed agree- of French territory, shall form an au- On the 19th of February (March 4th, 1915)
nient which could be formulated by means tonomous and neutral government, and the [Russian] Minister of Foreign Affairs
of exchange of notes between the French shall be occupied by French armies until handed a memorandum to the French
Ambassador and myself. Meeting in this such time as the enemy governments and British ambassadors in which was
manner the wishes of our ally, I con- completely fulfill all the conditions and defined the position as to annexation to
sider it my duty to call attention to the guarantees mentioned in the treaty of Russia of the following territories, as the
point of view of the Imperial Government peace.
result of the present war: the city of
expressed in the telegram February 2, Your Excellency stated that the Goy- Constantinople; the western shores of the
1916, No. 948, to the effect that "in leav- ernment of the Republic shall be happy Bosphorus, Marmora Sea, and the Darda-
ing France and England full freedom in to have the opportunity of counting upon nelles; Southern Frigia, to the line of
the determination of western boundaries the support of the Imperial Government Enos-Media; the shores of Asia Minor,
of Germany we assume that in their turn in order to bring its intentions to accom- between Bosphorus, the River Samarra,
the Allies will grant us equal freedom to plishment. In accordance with the order and a point of Ismid Gulf to be subse-
fix our boundary limitations with Ger- of his Imperial Majesty, my august sov- quently defined; the islands of Marmor
many and Austria Hungary."
ereign, I have the honor to communicate Sea and the islands of Imbros and Tenė-
On that account the forthcoming ex- in this note in the name of the Russian dos. The special rights of England and
change of notes on the question raised by Government, to your Excellency that the France within the limits of aforesaid ter-
Doumergue gives us the basis for asking Government of the Republic may count ritories to remain undisturbed.-
the French Government at the same time on the support of the Imperial Govern-
The French as well as the English Goy-
to confirm to us its agreement to leave to ment to bring to fulfilment of its afore- ernments expressed their assent to the
Russia freedom of action in the matter mentioned intentions. Be so good, etc.
fulllment of our desires in the event of
of determining her future western boun-
a successful termination of the war and
daries. Specific data on this question will
the satisfaction of a series of demands of
be communicated by us to the Parisian
In the following concise restatement of France and England within the limits of
Cabinet. Moreover, we deem it necessary
the agreements between France and Rus- the Ottoman Empire as well as in other
to bespeak the consent of France on the sia concerning territorial readjustments places. These demands in so far as they
exchange at the end of the war of ease-
there is the additional dramatic interest refer to Turkey are substantially as fol-
ments in the Aland Islands. Please ex-
that at the moment the telegram was dis- lows:
plain to Briand to the above effect and patched from the Russian Embassy at
The recognition of Constantinople as
telegraph as to results.
Paris, revolution was in full swing at a free port for the transit of merchandise
(Signed) POKROFSKY.
Petrograd, and the Imperial Government, not coming from or going to Russia, and
carrying with it, as events showed, the the freedom of passage through the
The question of annexations in west- entire elaborate structure of secret agree- Straits of merchant ships.
ern Germany is restated concretely in the ments made public by Trotzky, in the
The recognition of English and French
following note, dated only two days later though the abdication of Nicholas II did rights in Asiatic Turkey subject to speci-
than the preceding dispatch:
not come till three days later.
fic definition in a special agreement be-
tween France, England, and Russia.
COPY OF A NOTE FROM THE MINIS- EXCHANGE OF ANNEXATIONS.
The preservation of sacred Mohamme-
TER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF
[Secret telegram of Parisian Ambassador,Ndan places and of Arabia, under an inde-
FEBRUARY 1-14, 1917, NO. 26, TO
February 26 (March 11, 1917). No. pendent Mohammedan rule.
THE FRENCH AMBASSADOR IN
168. My answer to telegram No. 167.] The inclusion within the English sphere
PETROGRAD.
No. 2. The Government of the French of influence of the Persian neutral zone
In your note of this date your Excel- Republic wishing to confirm the import- created by the treaty of 1907 between
lency was good enough to communicate
ance and meaning of treaties entered England and Russia.
to the Imperial Government, that the into with the Russian Government in
In recognizing these claims as in gen-
Government of the Republic intended to 1915, as to object of regulating at the eral subject to satisfaction the Russian
Include among the terms of peace which end of the present war the status of Governnient nevertheless made certain
will be offered to Germany the following Constantinople and the Straits, in ac- reservations:
demands and guarantees of territorial cordance with Russian wishes; and wish- With respect to formulation of
character:
ing to
preserve for its allies all wishes in connection with sacred Mo-
(1.) Alsace and Lorraine to be returned
guarantees with regard to military hammedan places it is necessary to define
to France.
and commercial relations necessary now whether these places will remain un-
(2.) The boundaries will be extended for the economic development and safety der the administration of Turkey, with
at least to the limits of the former prin- of the Empire, recognizes the complete the retention by the Sultan of the title
cipality of Lorraine, and will be fixed freedom of Russia to determine her west-of Caliph, or is it the intention to create
under the direction of the French Gov-ern boundaries.
.
new and independent Governments. In
ernment. At the same time strategic de-
(Signed) ISVOLSKY. our opinion it would be desirable to gep-
mands must be taken into consideration,
arate the Caliphate from Turkey. At all
so as to include within the French ter-
In the three appended documents are events, the freedom of pilgrimage is to be
ritory the whole of the industrial iron contained the dispositions of the Allies insured.
basin of Lorraine and the whole of the for the settlement of the question of Con-
In agreeing to the inclusion of the neu-
industrial coal-basin of the Valley of the stantinople and the Dardanelles. These tral zone of Persia within the English
Saar.
are, perhaps, the least secret of the docki- sphere of influence the Russian Govern-
(3.) Other territories located on the ments made public by Trotzky, in the ment considers it only just to state that
loft bank of the Rhine, and not included' sense that their context had been a mat- the region of the cities Iphsagan, Jezda
our
{
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
11
of
shall be confirmed to Russia, as well as a | perial Government more specific declara-| The Imperial Government confirnis its
strip of the neutral zone which cuts in lions are desirable as to the agreement agreement to the inclusion in the sphere
the shape of a wedge between Russian of France to the complete fulfillment of, of English influence of the neutral zone
and Afghan boundaries and reaching the our desires, similar to that made by the of Persia. It, however, deems it just to
boundary itself at Zulpiiogar, shall be in- Government by Great Britain.
state that the regions constituting the
cluded within the Russian sphere of in-
(Signature) SAZONOFF. cities of Isphagan and Gezda, forming
fluence.
with the latter one complete whole, shall
The Russian Government also considers SECRET TELEGRAM OF MINISTER be confirmed to Russia, because of the
or FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE Russian interests established there.
desirable at the same time to reach the
AMBASSADOR IN LONDON.
solution of the question as to the terri-
The neutral zone now cuts in a wedge
tory of northern Afghanistan contiguous
Referring to the memorandum of the like shape between the boundaries of Pus-
to Russia, in line with its wishes express British Embassy here, of the 12th
sia and Afghanistan and comes close to
ed in the negotiations of 1914.
March, be kind enough to express to Grey the Russian boundary near Zulphagar.
After the entrance of Italy into the war
the deep appreciation of the Imperial Because of that, it will be necessary to
our wishes were communicated to the Government for the full and final
place part of that wedge within the Rus-
Italian Government which cxpressed its agreement of Great Britain to the solu-
sian sphere of influence.
assent on its own behalf on conditionation of the question of the Straits and
Of material importance for the Imperial
that, in the event of successful termina- Constantinople, in accordance with wish Government is the question of the build-
tion of the war, the Itaiian claims in gen-les of Russia.
ing of railroads in the neutral zone, which
The Imperial Government
eial, and specifically in the East be satis- fully appreciates the feelings of the Gov- question calls for further friendly eluci-
fied, and on recognition by Italy within ernment of Great Britain and is positive dation. In the future the Imperial Gov.
the limits of territories ceded by us of that sincere recognition of mutual in- ernment expects recognition in it of full
identical rights as possessed by England terests will forever assure the solid friend- freedom of action in the sphere of in-
and France.
ship existing between Russia and Great fluence allotted to it, with the reserva-
THE QUESTION OF CONSTANTINO-
Britain. Having given its promise with tion for it specially, of prior right of de-
for its
PLE AND THE STRAITS.
regard to conditions for commerce in velopment within such sphere
[Secret telegram of the Minister of For-perial Government sees no objection to
the Straits and Constantinople, the Im- financial and economic enterprises.
Finally, the Imperial Governinent
eign Affairs to the French Ambassador in the confirmation of its agreement to the
deens desirable a simultaneous solution
Paris. March 5 (March 18), 1915.
No.
of the question of Afghanistan territory
following arrangement: (1) Freedom of
1226.)
transit thro Constantinople of merchan- / contiguous to it, in the sense of the
On the 28d of February (March 8) the aise coming from or intended for Russia. wishes expressed by the Imperial. Minis-
French Ambassador, in the name of his (2) Precdom of passage thro the Straits try in previous negotiations of the past
(Signed) SAZONOFF.
Government, stated to me that France of merchant ships.
is ready to take the most friendly atti. In order to make the undertaking of
The chief interest of the following brief.
tude towards the realization of our de- breaking thro the: Dardanelles casier Tor dispatch is in confirmation of the vulner-
rires, stated in my telegram to you, No the Allies, the Imperial Government is ability as well as susceptibility of the
237, in connection with the Straits and ready to assist in attracting to this un-
Swedish diplomatic nail-bags.
Constantinople, for which I have in- lertaking on a reasonable hasis of other
structed you to express to Delcasse my sovernments, the coöperation of which | SECRET TELEGRAM TO THE AV-
2ppreciation. In his conversations within the opinion of France and Great Brit- BASSADOR IN STOCKHOLM, 15-28
you, Delcasse, even before, repeatedly cx-ain is useful.
OF OCTOBER 1917. No. 6.29.
pressed his assurances that we may de- / The Imperial Government fully shares
With regard to matters in Madrid, I
pend on the synipathy of France. ana / he opinion of the Governincnt of Great
Only referred to the necessity of clarifying Britain that sacred Moliammedan places unexpectedly and by a mistake to open
was informed that it has been proposed
England's attitude, from which side he must in the future remain under inde-
the Swedish pouch. In view of the cir-
fearod objections, before giving us more poendent Mohammedan rule. It is desira-
in telegram
concrete assurances to the aforesaid ef-ble to clear up now, however, whether it cumstances communicated
tect.
is the intention to leave these places un-
No. 628, and the readiness of the new
Lately the British Government ex- der the rule of Turkey and conserve in Minister to meet us on that question,
pressed in writing its complete agreenient the Sultan of Turkey of the title of Caliph, i earnestly ask you to take all measures,
to the annexation of Constantinople and or whether it is proposed to cicate new
so that that which has been predicted
the Straits to Russia, tithin limitations independent governments for only in by Solovieff shall not take place. Taking
indicated by us, reserving therein only one or the other event will the Imperial into consideration the painful vanity of
for itself a guarantee of her own eco-Government be
in
position for the Swedes, we would be taking the risk
nomic interests. and also a similar bermulate its wishes. As for itself, the of rousing the opposition of the new
novolent attitude on our side to the politi- Imperial Government would consider i: Cabinet even more than of the old, and
cal ains of England in other spheres.extremely desirable to separate the Ca- would at once lose whatever benefits the
For me personally the assurance of Del-/ liphate from Turkey.
The freedom oil change of government nov being accom-
casse, in whom I have the deepest con- pilgrimage must, of course, be fully guar-plished may have assured us of.
fidence, is quite sufficient, but for the Im-lanteed.
(Signed) GULKEVICH.
ycar.
io
12
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
THIRD INSTALMENT
3
come.
even
GERMAN POLICY IN RUSSIA.
Corroboration of the fact that an international group of bank-
ers from the Allied and Central Powers had a conference in Berne [Secret telegram of the Russian Charge
d'Affaires at Berne, 17 October, 1917,
in September, 1917, in an endeavor to arrive at an agreement for
No, 815.]
ending the war is contained in the secret documents revealed by
An influential Anglo-Jewish financier,
the third instalment. Two dispatches deal with this topic, one out- who took part at the conference mention-
lining the policy of Germany toward Russia in a prophetic manner, ed, stated that Germany's aim was to pro-
emphasizing the Teuton wish for separatism in Russia so that Ger-mote separatism in Russia so far as pos-
sible, so as to split her up into small
many might deal more effectively with the smaller nationalities in
states. For Germany it will be easy to
arranging commercial treaties.
conclude commercial treaties with weaker
A second group of dispatches, of especial interest to the United states (Lithuania, Courland, etc.). The
maintenance of Russia's unity is equiva-
States, deals with the attitude of the Allied Powers toward Russia's lent to leaving her in the
in the economic
new Government in October last. Expressions of gratitude were above all advantageous to America. For
of
sent to Mr. Lansing because the Ambassador of the United States Epgland the Russian market is not of
special interest, because England is more
had not taken part in certain representations made to the Russian occupied with her colonies and sea trade.
Government in Petrograd, by the Ambassadors of Italy, Great Hence, for England, the splitting up of
Russia into several small states seoms ac-
Britain, and France.
ceptable, all the more so because in the
A further dispatch deals with the proposed Stockholm confer- event of Russia being weakened England
would secure a free hand in Asia. In a
ence for peace; and finally a group of significant messages from dismembered Russia German industry
Tereschenko afford a graphic picture of Russia's internal prob- and trade will find work for a long time
to
America's competition with
lems in the months before the Bolshevik Government overthrew Germany in the Russian market will be
more advantageous for England
Kerensky.
than the predominance of the influence of
one or other of the two Powers. Froni
One of the puzzles of the international conferences in Switzerland. The makes the words of my informant it may be
situat:on during the period preceding the up and aims of the conference are being concluded that it was just these propo-
kept strictly secret. The certain partici-sals which were the foundation for an
fall of Kerensky, was the sudden appear-
pants were: Jacques Stern from the exchange of views with the Germans at
ance of anxiety at Petrograd lest the
Netherland Bank of Paris, Tuchman
Tuchman the conference in August and September.
Western Allies make peace at the ex- from the Paris Branch of the Lloyd It can certainly be assumed that with
pense of R:issia.. In view of the fact that Bank, Fürstenberg,' director of the Ger- the English, French, and German
the situation was usually regarded froin
Discont Gesellschaft, also di- | branches of the international financial
rector of the "Deutsche Bank” and a clique
the opposite angle-namely, the possibile director of the Austrian "Austro Bank." been concluded in this sense.
a political agreement also has
There is
ity of a separate peace by Russia at the Although the English denied that they not any proof of the Allied diplomats hav-
expense of the Western Allies—this fear articipated in the consultations, how-ing taken part, it is out of the question
the
of betrayal by Russia had no plausible
2d of September, Head- { that Mme. Andrus could have taken part;
Director Bell of the Lloyd Bank, arrived but in order to divert attention various
explanation until the appearance of ru-
lore from London under the pretext of devices may have been resorted to, in
n:ors of a meeting of inanciers from both
siablishing a branch in Switzerland. Ac- which they may have had their shara.
belligerent camps in Switzerland for th:
:ording to rumors as a basis of agree-
purpose of talking peace. The following :ient were discussed: Return of Alsace- In the subsequent telegrams we · pass
two telegrams offcr reason for the
Gorraine to France, and satisfaction for from the sphere of international relations
apprehension felt at Petrograd.
taly. Nothing definite was established proper to internal conditions in Russia,
ith regard to Russia, only propositions though here, too, we find traces of the
NEGOTIATIONS OF FINANCIERS AS
vere expressed that the Central Powers international situation affecting Russia's
TO PEACE AT THE EXPENSE ()!
ould receive certain compensations in internal problems. The first of these dis-
RUSSIA. Decoded Sept. 14. 1917.
e East. The German participants in patches deals with the breakdown of the
[Secrét telegram of the Chargé d'ai.
10 negotiations especially insisted
Korniloff uprising and its consequences
faires in Bernc. September 4-17, 1917. S.
Cession to Gerniany of the Baltie in an enhancement of Bolshevik influ-
707.)
Esion and on the independence of Fin.
It ends nevertheless with the as-
In the local press there slipped througe
sertion by Tereschenko of the Kerensky
Informatio:1 that certain financiers
(Signed)
ONU, Governnient's intention to proceed with
buih ihc croniy minips laiely had exiensis ussian Chargé ū Affaires at Berne. the rehabilitation of the army.
!nan
a
'ver
on
а.
on
ence,
:11.
0
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
PETROGRAD
13
nor
Slires
was
SECRET TELEGRAM TO THE AMBAS- not weakened us for the struggle with, ing efficiency of the army. Neither mill- .
SADORS IN PARIS, LONDON, TO- the external enemy, but proved the unity tary misfortunes, nor internal disorders,
of feeling and the general desire to con-
the gigantic material difficulties
KIO, WASHINGTON, AND STOCK-
centrate on this struggle, without being availed to break Russia's unbending de-
HOLM.
diverted by internal disputes and con- termination to carry on the war against
The uprising of Gen. Korniloff has been ficts. No matter what attempts may be the common foe until the end. Under
completely liquidated. Everything passed made in the future by the left or the right such circumstances we must ask our.
without bloodshed, as the troops sent to disturb the political course adopted by selves with astonishment, what opinion
against Petrograd refused to go against the Government, you may be assured that could impel our Allies to such a step, and
The Provisional Government and declared they will be met by the combined re- what practical result they expect from
their allegiance to it. Korniloff agreed to sistance within the country. The Gov- lit. Please communicate to the Foreign
surrender himself to Gen. Alexieff. The ernment will persevere firmly and under Minister the contents of this telegram
generals taking part in the rebellion will all circumstances in the continuance of and convey to him my: urgent request
stand trial. It is becoming clear that mu- the war, and with restored energy will that he should represent the démarche
tual misunderstanding and misconcep-labor to revivify and rebuild the army, of the Allies as the result of previous
tion played an important rôle in the Sent August 31. No. 4059. Code.
negotiations in view of the dangerous
whole matter, due to the participa-
(Signed) TERESCHENKO.
excitement of our public opinion.
tion of various unsuccessful and sus-
A prime weakness in Kerensky's posi- (Signed) TERESCHENKO.
picious mediators, between the staff
tion, and one which his Bolshevik oppo-
and the Provisional Government. In this nents exploited to the utmost, was the
No. 4461
the group surrounding Korniloff was es-charge that the Allies were interested in
The Presiding Minister in his reply to
pecially to blame. At the present time
the three Ambassadors, remarked that the
the restoration of Russian order only in
there reigns complete quiet and order, ex-
Provisional Government will take mea-
so far as it might bring back the Rus-
cept for certain disturbances among the
to avoid such interpretation of
sian-army as a factor in the war. Rep-
Cossacks on the Don caused by General resentations made to the Kerensky Gov- their step as in the public opinion of
Kaledine, which cannot have impor-
t.be country
might create irritation
ernment by the English, French, and
tant consequences. A new Government
Italian Ambassadors on the 9th of Octo-against the Allies. He pointed out at the
has been organized. Kerensky remains
ber were regarded even by the Kerensky same time that the present difficult posi-
presiding Minister, and has been desig- Government as tending to confirm this tion of Russia was to a considerable de-
nated Commander-in-Chief, which
charge. The "painful impression" so cre-
gree conditioned by the heritage from the
necessary to quiet down democratic ele-
ments and soldiers. Chief of Staff Alexieft ated is conveyed in the following six old régime, the governments of which in
their time met with trust and assistance
dispatches, in the second of which the
will, in fact, conduct operations. A num-
Kerensky Government expresses its ap-
abroad, perhaps not corresponding to
ber of army appointments are being made,
showing that it is the intention of the preciation of the conduct of the Ameri- their merits. He also called attention to
can Ambassador at Petrograd in abstain-
the dangerous results that would follow
Government to create order within the
ing from the joint effort to exercise pres-
the hesitation of the Allies in the matter
army.
sure on Russia.
of supplying our army with military ma-
The Constitution of the Government
terial, and that the results of such hesita.
will also respond to the needs of the SECRET TELEGRAM TO THE AM-
tion affect the front two or three months
moment, as is indicated by the appoint-
BASSADOR IN WASHINGTON.
after they have taken place. As to the
ment of General Verkhofsky as Minister 26th of September (Oct. 9th), 1917.
war, A. F. Kerensky stated that in Russia
of War, and of Admiral Verderevsky as
No. 4559.
it is always looked upon as
an inter-
Minister of Marine. Changes will take The English, French, and Italian Am-national concem, and because of that he
place in the rest of the make-up. Cher- bassadors were received to-day by the considers it unnecessary to emphasize
noff, certain Cadets, and Nekrasoff hava Presiding Minister, and in the name of the sacrifices suffered by the Russian
gone altogether. Cadet Kishkin and sev- their Governments communicated to him
people.
eral representatives of manufacturers will
as to the necessity of taking measures
The imperialism of the Central Powers
enter. I handed in my resignation with for rehabilitating our army's capacity presents the greatest danger for Russia
the other Ministers, but the question as for
This step could not but
and the war upon
to ny return to the ministry has not as create upon the Provisional Government Cucted in close unity with the Allies.
it must be
yet been decided.
The problem before a painful impression, the more so as the Russia, having suffered more than others
the new Government is to avert all dis- efforts of the Provisional Government, from the war, cannot bring it to an end
turbances, conflicts, and disorders in the for the inflexible continuation of the
army which may arise because of lack conflict with the common enemy, are well
without assuring her territorial inviola.
of confidence in the commanding staff. known to the Allies.
bility and independence, and would con-
I ask you to com-tinue the war no matter what may be the
The most energetic measures will be municate
will be municate to Lansing in strict confi-
strain on all the other nations. With re-
taken to bring this about. At the dence, how highly the Provisional Gov- gard to measures for the restoration of
same time that Petrograd and Mos-ernment appreciates the abstention of the
the army's capacity for war, the Presid-
cow have been declared under mar- American Ambassador from participating ing Minister pointed out that this prob-
tial law, all measures have been adopted in the aforementioned united step.
lem is taking up the entire attention of
to restore order in the rear of the army.
(Signed) TERESCHENKO.
the Government, and that to-day's voyage
At the present time, in connection with
“A PAINFUL IMPRESSION."
the Korniloff matter, Bolsheviki have
to the general staff of the Ministers
been greatly strengthened, and demand
[Secret telegram to the Russian Am- of War and Foreign Affairs was called
in
that persons arrested on the 5th of July (bassador Washington, 11 October, forth precisely by the necessity for work-
be released. However, the position of the 1917.]
ing out a programme corresponding to
Government has been greatly improved The · démarche of the three ambassa- the need. In conclusion A. F. Kerensky
after its victory, which gives reason to dors made a painful impression upon replied to the general charge of the Am-
reckon on most energetic conflict with us, both by reason of its contents and of bassadors that Russia is still a great
Bolshevism. In general, it may be con-
its form. Our Allies know very well the Power.
sidered that the sad events of recent extraordinary efforts made by the Pro. No. 3 follows.
days, because of their rapid solution, have I visional Government to restore the fight-
(Signed) TERESCHENKO.
war.
con-
14
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEALED AT PETROGRAD
ance
as
are
asslim-
a
SECRET TELEGRAM TO THE RUS- The French, British, and Italian Am- Great hopes were baised by the Keren- .
SIAN AMBASSADORS IN PARIS bassadors expressed the wish to be re-sky Government upon the preliminary
AND LONDON September 17-30, ceived by the Premier. They made to Parliament, which, as a matter of fast,
1917. No. 4303.
him a statement emphasising that' re- the Moderates succeeded in controllitig,
With regard to conversations with the cent events gave rise to fears as to Rus- but which was simultaneously repudiated
Allied Ambassadors here and more espe- sia's powers of resistance and her ca- by the Bolsheviki. With the breakdown
In this con-
cially with the most outspoken one of pacity to continue the war.
of the Preliminary Parliament, events
them, the American Ambassador, I have nection public opinion in the Allied coun. moved rapidly towards the final collapse
come to the conclusion that among our tries may demand from their Govern- of the Kerenský régime.
Allies in one of the latest conferences in ments details regarding the material help
SECRET TELEGRAM OF MINISTER
In order to make it
Paris or London, ån agreement has evi- given to Russia.
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE
dently been reached with regard to dis possible for the Allied Governments to
PEPRESENTATIVES IN PARIS,
tribution among them of those spheres calm public feelings and instil fresh con-
LONDON, ROME, WASHİNGTON,
in which they must materially coöperate fidence, it was incumbent on the Russian
TOKIO, AND STOCKHOLM.
with us in the continuation of the war.
Government to show by deeds its de-
Petrograd, Oct. 9 (22), 1917.
For example, the Americans it seems took termination to use every means for re-
No. 4636.
upon themselves the problem of equin- storing discipline and imparting a real
Yesterday the
Finally, the
pre-Parliament was
ping for us of the railroad transport. war spirit to the army.
This question is of tremendous import-Allied Governments express the hope opened. The first segsion passed tedious-
to us,
it is,
in fact, the that the Russian Government will fuial ly, with the exception of the scandal
technical and material problems which the task and thus assure itself of its created by the Bolsheviki, who left the
session, announcing that in such an in-
under present conditions
Allies' suppori.
ing menacing character in the The Minister in his reply to the three stitution they do not care to partici-
pate. It became clear that the repre-
sense of our ability to actually carry ambassadors emphasised that the Gov- sentatives of the unsocialistic groups, to-
on the war to its conclusion. I might be ernment was taking steps in this direc-
gether with the Moderate Mensheviki-
ready in view of that to meet the Allies tion, and that this step of the ambassa- Socialişts and Social-Revolutionists, con-
by taking the initiative in a proposition dors was calculated to arouse great re-
stitute & considerable majority, which
for a more active than heretofore par- sentment generally, and made clear his will be in position to support the Gov-
He also
ticipation on their part in the organiza- astonishment at such a step.
ernment. The Bolsheviki are preparing
tion of our industry and transports, if on
pointed out that the present difficult for the forthcoming Congress on October
their side would be shown a readiness to position of Russia was to an important 30 of the Soviet of Soldiers' and Work-
that effect. I ask you to carefully feel degree connected with the legacy taken i ers' Deputies, in which they expect to
out the situation as to the foundation in
this direction and to communicate your
over from the old régime, whose Guro have a majority. A very strong cam-
conclusion. (Signed) TEPESCHENKO. ernment had in its day claimed abroad paign is now being waged in democratic
& support and a confidence quite out of circles, on the question of the Parisian
SECRET TELEGRAM TO THE
biceping with its mierits.
CHARGE OF AFFAIRS IN LON. also drew their attention to the danger- portant to note that on the question of
The Minister Conference. At the same time, it is in
DON. COMMUNICATED TO REP-
ous effects which were bound to follow peace there is no upity even in the
RESENTATIVES IN PARIS AND
any restriction by the Allies of the sup- parties of the Left. For instance, the
ROME. October 16-29, 1917. No.
ply of necessities to the army. These instruction given to Skobileff by the Cep-
4797.
effects show themselves after two or|tral Executive Committee of the Soviet
Referring to your telegram No. 365, three months, and then can no longer be of Soldiers' and Workers' Deputies, meets
with regard to your conversation with made good.
with severe criticism among Socialists
Balfour, I consider it necessary to con-
theinselves. Against the candidacy of
As regards the war, Kerenski empha-
firm that in our opinion the forthcoming sised that in Russia it was still regard-
Skobilefi appear with caustic articles the
conference of the Allies must have for
its problem the appraisement of the gen- that he therefore considered it unneces-
ed as a universal national affair, and papers "Novaya, Zhizn” and the Bolo
shevist "Rabochiy Put." At the same
eral situation and the establishment of
complete solidarity of the Allies in their made by Russia.
sary to lay special stress on the sacrifices time we cannot but noto a peculiar pa-
triotism and even a warlike spirit ex-
The Imperialism of
views with regard to the same. At the the Central Powers
hibited at the present time, by some of
was the greatest
same time the conference must determine
the estreme elements. Their basic frame
danger for Pussia, and the struggle
the means for further conduct of the war against this Imperialism must be con-
of mind, in this connection, is due to
and the mutual assistance which the ducted in close accord with the Allies.
the conviction that when we will pro-
Allies must give to each other. With
pose a programme of democratic peace
Russia, who has suffered more than all desired by the Socialists, the German Im-
regard to the participation at the con- others from the war, cannot end it with perialists may not accept it, and then it
ference of a person enjoying the con-
out seeing her State interests and ner will become necessary to fight for de-
fidence of our democracy it is necessary independence assured. She will continue tence. This idea is vaguely expressed in
to keep in mind that such person will the struggle and do all that is possible the press of the Extreme Left, and has
enter into the make-up of the Russian to make the army capable of resisting. lately found an echo among the
Government delegation in whose name
sailors.
only its head shall speak officially.
As regards restoring its fighting powers, 1 The latter, in their appeals in connec-
(Signed) TERESCHENKO.
the Premier pointed out that this task tion with the failure in the Bay of Pigs,
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
was the subject of the Government's at- sim to emphasize the heroism of the fleet
tention, and that during his visit to the in its conflict with the external enemy,
“RUSSIA IS STILL A GREAT POWER" front, speeches were inade regarding the contrasting it with the insuficient stead-
(Mr. Kerensky and the Entente Ambas- need' of working out a programme in fastness of the land armies. At the
sadors.)
this connection. Finally, Kerenski, in same time it is emphasized that the war
[Secret telegram from the Foreign visw of the collective Llanner of the Am-is not only against the Germans, but
Minister of the Provisional Government bassadors' démarche, pointed out that against exploiters in general, to create
to the Russian Ambassadors in Paris, Aussia is still a Great Power.-(Signed}
}|2 universal revolution. This point of
London, and Pome, 9 October, 1917.] TERUSCHENKO.
view is directed against Bourgeoisia and
:
ocratic conference on the one hand and the revolution and been interrupted dur- this situation, emphasizing that here
the Cadets and manufacturers on the ing the brief offensive of July, could be exist neither in government nor in other
SECRET TREATIES AS REVEILED) AT PETROGRAD
18
the GOVC702?", which are being ac-Government. Altho there will be a 80- Co-operation of the Staff and the War
cused by the Doisieviki in that they gave cialist majority in its constitution, it is Ministry is completely arranged for. I
up Riga and are ready to give up Petro-positive that in combination with repre- cannot but note that the news arriy.
grad in order to finish with the revolu- sentatives of liberal parties, moderate so-ing here from the allied countries, and
tion. The news of the intention of the cialists will be able to resist Bolshevism. especially the newspaper articles with re.
Government, to evacuate Petrograd is es- It should also be remembered that the gard to the latest military events on our
pecially exciting the circles of the country will listen to the voice of mode- front, have created in patriotically at-
extreme Left, which threatened to prevent rate groups, whose patriotic declarations tuned circles a very depressing impression.
It by force. It is not necessary, however, cannot remain without influence. As to At a time when every effort is being made
to attribute an exaggerated meaning to the programme of the government it here to strengthen the decision to con-
these signs of Jacobinism, but after all, comes down to three important points: to tinue the war at any cost and when &
their positive meaning lies in the awaken- raise the military capacity of the army, general attitude is being evolved in the
ing patriotism of the dark masses, which to preserve elementary order in the coun- spirit of complete coöperation with the al-
the internationalists must take into cog- try, to fight economic disorganization. lies, public opinion of the latter refuses
nizance.
TERESCHONKO.
Yesterday a general railroad strike was it seems to place confidence in us. This
This dispatch from Tereschenko further commenced. Against it measures have creates here great perplexity, especially
traces the rise of Bolshevik influence as a been taken partly in the way of satisfac- as in spite of our defeats, our June of-
result of the Korniloft affair, but takes, tion of the demands of the railroad work-fensive and the counter-offensive of the
nevertheless, an optimistic view of the ers and partly in the form of repressive enemy have compelled the Germans to
possibilities of a coalition of all the mod-measures. The strike can hardly develop,
concentrate on our front even larger
erate parties.
as it does not meet with sympathy. It forces than at any former time. The aim
398.
is not spreading at the front.
oſ the Kerensky government to stop at
SEORET TELEGRAM TO THE AM-
(Signed) TERESCHENKO.
any cost the actual condition of armistico,
which in the Spring permitted the trans-
BASSADORS IN PARIS, LONDON,
Writing after the fall of Riga, Tere- fer of enemy forces from our front to the
ROME, WASHINGTON, TOKIO,
schenko is still confident that something French front has been completely attain-
AND STOCKHOLM. Sept. 26 (Octo-
like military discipline can be
In view of this it is here consid-
ber 9), 1917.
established, and that the condition of vir-ered as desirable to react on the publio
No. 4438. After lengthy negotiations
between the representatives of the Dem- inal armistice which had set in with opinion of allied countries and to explain
,
re-led.
no
or
war
done away with.
other, there was formed a Coalition Cab.
responsible circles, not excluding those
inet the Constitution of which has been TO THE AMBASSADORS IN PARIS, democratically inclined, doubts
communicated to you. As the fundamental LONDON, WASHINGTON, TOKIO, hesitations with regard to the future di-
character of these negotiations it is to be AND MINISTER IN STOCKHOLM. rection of our policies as to the continu-
noted that the great spirit of concession
The capture of Riga has created a pro-ation, thro every means of the war in full
on the part of the leaders of democracy found impression within the country and accord with the allies.
who recognize that the transfer of power has considerably intensified the
TERESCHENKO.
sober-
into the hands of Socialists would at ing process which has been noted before. This brief dispatch dealing with the
this time be very unprofitable for them., The question of the army's capacity for activities of Branting, leader of the Swed-
However the importance of these con-
agitates everybody and there is ish Socialists, shows that in Russia
cessiong is minimized in that compara-noticeable in democratic organizations Branting's activities in behalf of the
tiye moderate Socialist icaders have to a turn in the direction of patriotism and Stockholm Conference were not at all re-
a great degree lost control of the masses a realization of the approaching danger. garded as a manoeuvre in favor of a Ger-
which tend to extreme directions and A proof of this is found in the last session man peace.
can be only held in check with great of the Soviet of Labor Delegates and the SECRET TELEGRAM OF THE AM-
difficulty. In connection with this may organizations of the Petrograd garrison.
BASSADOP, AT STOCKHOLM, AU-
also be recognized a split in the demo. The manifesto to the army and the popu-
GUST 5-18, 1917. No. 445.
cratic circles. The more inoderate gov-ation issued by them contains in it the
Personally.
ernment elements of all parties are tend- I appeal to sacrifice everything for the
Branting, who at first was very low.
ing to group themselves about represena relence of the facherland.
spirited because of the situation created
tatives legally chosen, by means of the The attitude of the sovernment in re through the refusal of the Allies to grant
universal suffrage of Zemsivo and City gard the danger of German ad-
passports to Socialists, is gradually be-
Local Self-governments.
vance, is becoming firmer and more defi- ginning to quiet down. Yesterday, in a
The participation in this movement of nite. A series of measures for the de-
strictly private and confidential conver-
Coöperatives gives it great significance, fense of Petrograd and the establishment
sation he expressed himself in the fol-
as behind it stands organized peasantry of order in it and its environs, are near-
lowing manner, which I am transcribing
On the other hand Bolshevistic and en-ing a stage of realization. Petrograd is
archistic tendencies are gradually gain-being energetically relieved of unneces-verbally as it was stated to me: "Il Ker-
ing ascendency in the Soviet of Soldier | sary institutions and inhabitants as this ensky does not repudiate the idea of a
conference, let him declare that at the
and Workers Deputies, which has taken is vital in order to facilitate the food sup-
place altogether in Petrograd and is also ply of the city. While 1100 foreseeing im- present time he deems it inadvisable.
Holland-Scandinavian Committee will be
taking place in other cities. Such Soviets mediale danger to the Capitol the govern-
of Workers and Soldiers Deputies placed mont is yet ready to assist in decreasing obliged to submit.”
If you consider it necessary to make
themselves in a state of opposition and the population for economic reasons and
disobedience to the Government, but on for the establishment of order. The matter use of these data, I earnestly ask you
to keep their source secret, and not to
the other hand are losing influence in ex- of unloading (merchandise] has
tensive circles of the population. Very | placed in the hands of the Minister of compromise Branting and not to deprivo
important will be the rôle played by the Postal Communications, Nikitin, with of a valuable source of information.
Pre-Parliament which, until the Constit- special powers, he being a very energetic
(Signed) 2. GULKEVICH,
uent Assembly, must act for the national organizer. As to the military program,
Ambassador at Stockholm.
to
been
Was Three Cents
Now Two Cents
All the other New York newspapers,
both morning and evening, have ad-
vanced the price from one cent to
two cents a copy. The exception
to the rule is the
New Work Evening Pos
The price of which beginning
Monday, January 28th was
Reduced to Two Cents
You may now buy the dependable evening
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This reduction in price does not mean
a single change in the high character
and attractive make-up of The
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pages. These standards will be main-
tained in every particular, including:
The fullest and most interesting pres.
entation of the news.
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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
BOUND
3 9015 07338 0829
DEC 271922
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