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ARTES
1817
SCIENTIA
LIBRARY
VERITAS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
LAJKIDUS
THIIIIIIIIII
TUEBOR
14 SPININSULAM AMÍNÁM
CIRCUMSPICE
THIS BOOK
FORMS PART OF THE
ORIGINAL LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
BOUGHT IN EUROPE
1838 TO 1839
BY
ASA GRAY
1

NIV
OF
CH
T.W.E.Strafford.
Hen SM Worcester
Ro P. E.Kingston
G.G.E.Norwich
RaLHopton
ISE.Derby
Thefe are & cheife of them that came to David to Ziklag, and they
were among y mighty men helpers of thewart. Crou 1.12.1
W.L. AB Cant:
Ro.BaE.Lindley
IaG.M. Montro
23
Sp.C.E Northampton
StBev. Greenville. S. Geo. Lifle.
St. Ch:Lucas.
R: Duke of Cumberlan I: Duke of Hamilton W: Duke of Newcastle
RD.E. Caernarvon
B.S.E.Litchfield
Lu.CLV.Faulkland
Ar L. Capel
D'Io. Hewett
A
2.04
2106.
CHRONICLE
OF THE
Late Inteftine War
IN THE
THREE KINGDOMS
OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND and IRELAND.
WITH
The Intervening Affairs of TREATIES,
And other Occurrences relating thereunto.
As alfo the fſeveral
Ufurpations, Forreign Wars, Differences and Intereſts
depending upon it, to the happy Reftitution of our Sacred Soveraign
K. CHARLES II
In Four Parts,
Viz.
The
SOON
COMMONS WAR,
DEMOCRACIE,
PROTECTORATE
RESTITUTION.
BY JAMES HEATH, Gent.
By
The Second Edition.
To which is added
A Continuation to this preſent year 1675.
Being a brief Account of the moft Memorable Tranſactions
In England, Scotland and Ireland, and Forreign Parts.
LONDON
By J. P.
Printed by 3,, for THOMAS BASSET, at the George
neer Cliffords-Inne in Fleetftreet. MD C L X X V I.
}
To the moft Illuftrious and Magnanimous,
GEORGE;
Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Torrington, Ba
ron Monck of Potherige, Beauchamp, and
Teys: Captain-General of all his Majefties
Land-forces,Garrifons, Forts, and Castles within
any of His Majefties Kingdoms or Dominions
Mafter of the Horfe,Knight of the most Noble
Order of the Garter, and one of His Majefties
moft Honourable Privy Council.
May it please your Highness,
Prefume to offer your victorious
hands this Fragment and minute
Portion of Time, from the encou-
ragement of that Axiome, That by
Moments Approaches are made to
Eternity, to which the Duration of
your Glory is moft adæquate and
Commenfurate.
I am moft humbly conscious that this Hiftoriola, this
piece of a Chronicle, is a moft incompetent and incon-
gruous Prefent to Your Highness; and of all the meanest
and vileft that ever obtruded or excufed themſelves to
Princes, the most unpardonable. But fuch is the Fate of
this way of writing, and upon this Subject, that whoſo-
ever ſhall dare to increaſe our Annals, muft either injure
your Greatneſs by intitling you to his Endeavour, or elſe
difoblige his Nation, who owe and own their Laws,
which is more than their Hiftory, to your Prudence and
Puiffance.
Befides (Great Sir) the Genius that walkt and wan-
dred in the contexture and account of this War, like the
Ghost of murdered perfons, never left importuning and
urging me to addrefs its groans to you, the Vindex and A-
venger of that blood, which hath been fo barbarously and
A 2
unna-
1
The Epifle Dedicatory.
unnaturally ſpilt. Your Highneffes bleffed Conduct traced
and overtook the guilt of the late Sanguinary times, and
Expiated thofe dire Effufions. You have reconciled our
Review to thoſe abhorrences, and with innocence given us
the Repreſentation of the Impiety of the late Age: You
have given Form and Beauty to the Chaos of our Confu-
fions, made the lineaments thereof in its derivation to
Pofterity lovely and amiable: from a ghaftly and mangled
Spectacle, not to be owned or known by our felves, you
have perfected and concinnated it to its proportions; and
from a Medly of our Diftractions, brought forth a Beauti-
* We doubt ful Rationale *. And now under that your Highneffes
to your Ma- Signature, this little Chronicle is ambitious to pass, and
jesty, that his to commend it felf to the world.
not to evince
Excellency
and the Ar-
Command,
&c. have
bligations
I would not be guilty of fo much vanity, as to pretend
my under his in this Addrefs any respect or regard to your Renown
and Fame, raiſed beyond the reach of our moft exalted
complied praifes, as being the fame with the Miracles your High-
with the O- nefs hath inftrumented: the higheſt Tranſcendencies of
for which Language do with advantage diſappear into filent Exta-
raised; The fies, and our Raptures convert into the Forms of Bleffing,
Prefervation and lose themſelves in Adoration. Befides, the Oracle,
of the Pro- the Wifdome of the Kingdome in Parliament, hath engrof-
gion, the bo- fed all the utterance of Gratitude, in their publick Ac-
nour and knowledgments, tranfcribed into the facred Records and
happiness of Rolls of that fupream Court.
they were
teftant Reli-
the King, the
Priviledges
of Parlia-
ment,the Li-
the Subject,
So Heaven was pleaſed not onely to fum up the ver-
tues and felicities of all the Generals in our Civil Wars,
berty and integrating and accomplishing the Loyalty, Conduct, Cox-
Propriety of rage, Success, Renown and Triumphs, contra-oppofed and
and the Fun- divided among them, in your Heroical perfon, making
damental you the Compleat Compendium,as well as the abfolute Con-
Land. Vide clufion of the menage thereof (which to your Honour and
Declaration Memory fhall be eternally celebrated,) but alſo to center
of the Ar- the general hope and confidence in your fingle Vertue, to
1660. unite, or at leaſt cement and amuſe different Parties and
Laws of the
my, May
Perfwafions to an acquiefcence in your Refolutions and
Defigne, and then at laſt to Crown them with univerfal
Satisfaction, Content, and Delight; the three Nations be-
ing infpired with One voice,and gratulatory Shout, at your
Redemption of us from Slavery.
But
The Epiftle Dedicatory.
But while I pleaſe my ſelf and the Reader with the
memory of that ravishing Kindness, I forget I do diſpleaſe
your Highness with this rude and tedious Boldness, which
I would religionfly avoid. May you graciouſly be pleaſed
to vouchsafe a Reception of this Effay to the honour of
the Times you have made, wherein Truth hath recover-
ed her Reputation, and dare maintain it, (and it is the
onely justifiable part of the enſuing Work, as far as Hu-
mane Frailty may be indulged;) while I doubt not but
mine (and the General) Prayers to Heaven fhall be ac-
cepted for Tour and your Pofterities long Temporal, and
endleſs Eternal Felicities.
Your Highness's Devoted
and ·
moft Obedient Servant,
JAMES HEATH.
THE
1
}
價​$
1
J
THE
PREFACE
TO THE
READER.
He custom and obligation which lies upon all publick Writings to
befpeak the benevolent and favourable judgement of those who
Shall vouchsafe them their perufal, doth with great advantage,
like the auspicious invocation of a Deity, affist thoſe humble, and
Submifs acknowledgments I am bound to render of the ensuing
Collections.
It is most certain, that Books of this nature bring an Imputa-
tion of their own, like original guilt, with them into the World; and that it is an
impoffible labour to wipe it off, though the felicity of former times, and debonarity
of their manners, have tranfmitted a few more innocent, and lefs obnoxious Hiftories
to a moſt piacular and guilty Pofterity; but the crimes with which the Current of
our Annals are imbittered, and the effects thereof,
Odium, Timor, Ira, Voluptas,
Noftri eft Farrago Libelli.
those many animofities and irreconciled Feuds, befides the depravity of the late age,
leave fuch a dreadful prejudice upon this attempt, that like the atcheivement of the
Augean labour, nothing but Rivers of Oyl can affwage or mitigate and purge the
difemper.
And that courfe I may prefume to have fteered, faving in that parricidial Fact, the
abhorrence of the world, an impiety of fuch a magnitude, that it cannot be beightned
by any aggravation, no more than leffened by any excufe, as Sir Heneage Finch ex-
cellently obferved; indeed, Juch an unmeaſurable wickedness, Save that it filled up
the measure of its iniquity, as infinity of time can never parallel, unless fucb unex-
ampled and unfortunate Vertue and Innocence dare appear again: and therefore to
clear and free the Nation, and expiate the infamy of that treason, the individual
perfons of that Confpiracy are marked and branded with their Character.
As to other perfons, I have used the feverest cautions I could, that I treſpaſſed not
upon their name,by any wrong, ſiniſter, ſingle, or injurious report; nor willingly at all,
but where fuch account was of great evidence, light, and Satisfaction to the fubject
difcourfed of. I muſt confeſs, as Sir Walter Raleigh faid, Truth may be followed
too neer, both to perſons,time,and place; like Diana, he muſt not be ſeen naked, and
prophaned by a full views and many are yet living, who are very unwilling to hear
their story: Ihave therefore piously abftained (without most just and notorious rea-
fons) from thrusting my Pen wilfully into fuch matter, to the wounding of any mans
Reputation, confidering what the fame Satyrift wifely adventured,
Experiar quid concedatur in illis,
Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis atque Latina.
As to Actions,I have not indiligently traced and examined all relations of them; but
fuch is the variety thereof, that I flatter not my felf with the hopes of giving ge-
neral
The Preface to the Reader.
neral fatisfaction: nor would my defigne allow me to be copious or particular in every
mans merit; if I should have difcharged that Debt of Glory, I should have undone
the Credit of this modeft and plain-meaning History. I have used for my better di-
rection herein, whatſoever Authentick accounts I could procure; and particularly I
am obliged to the Honourable Sir Lewis Dyve, for his exact and elegant Narra-
tive of the Irish War in 1649, under the conduct of the most noble the Duke of Or-
mond; as alſo to ſeveral other Noble hands for divers Small Pieces relating to this
Work, on whoſe difficult and perplexed Contexture I could otherwiſe neither fafely
nor fairly have adventured.
That is part of my defence for this undertaking: for I ſuppoſe the honour of ſuch
Perfonages placed beyond the reach of Calumny, and as to the reft, which shews its
Birth and Production by a diſtinct and diſcernible ſtile, I can justly alledge the moſt
known and approved Authorities; and for the publication of it in this manner, and
at this time, the fortune of a former Impreſſion, and importunity for this, as the first
Eſſay of this kinde in English, that can lay claim to the profperous veracity of the
times.
The great wonder of our Revolutions is not yet over, and the Underlings of the
laft Age, who were born during the Rebellion, as yet in a Maze, and astonisht at the
Event and Iſſue of our Troubles; nor can be fettled in that Allegiance which was a
Stranger to their Nativity. That therefore fuch,and future Pofterity,might be fully in‐
formed of the state and nature of the Quarrel, and be more fatisfied with their vo-
luntary obedience (to be improved now by this feasonable account of the difpute
thereof through the last twenty years) I have endeavoured a perfect Relation in this
Series of the War, and fucceeding Affairs.
And I will here onely mention, for the advice of future times, and as a neceſſary
Memento to the preſent, what evils and mischiefs (even to the brink of destruction)
the popular Cheats of Religion and Liberty have most terribly effected. I will not
inftance the ſucceſsful Artifices of the Ufurpers, which wanted not any the ſmalleſt
plaufible ingredients,till their Confpiracy came to a powerful conſiſtency, and was able
to vindicate and intitle its Treafon to the authority of the Law. If this could have
been foreſeen or prevented, there had scarce been twenty guilty perfons in the Nation,
whereas a confiderable number are now obnoxious to the Government, upon the ſcore of
thoſe prevailing and thriving Grandees, who offered the World to their Adherers, and
gave them the unjust poffeffion of their impious Conqueft.
The whole Work is divided into four parts, as well for the more diftinct and cleer
perceivance of each form and ſhape of the Anarchy, its intereſts and peculiar relative
Affairs, as for a rest and pauſe to the Reader, who would otherwise be wearied with
a budled continuance of fuch Confufions. I will adde no more: for I think it unne-
ceffary to engage further in the matter, or anticipate the Contents of this Chronicle
(which name it onely pretends to, as a Journal or Day-book of Time) but having
once more requested the most favourable acceptance and cenfure thereof, and that the
Reader will pleaſe to measure the Failures and Errours of it by its abſtruſe, obſcure,
and intricate Conveyances, which admitted of no certain, full, and infallible know-
ledge (as agreed on by all hands) the particulars claiming to the grand fuccefs and
Sum of every Action for their belief, to bid bim happily
1
VALE.
Reader
1
}
1
:
Reader,
H
Aving promifed a fhort Abſtract of thofe vaft fums of Money the.
Long Parliament and their continued ufurpation drained out of
the Purſes and Blood,I may fay, of the English people; I found in the
Progress of the Account, that it would exceed all Arithmetick, and
belief to the Reputation and Credit of Hiftory: yet becauſe I would not totally
diſappoint Pofterity, I will give them the Items, and let their leifure and compu-
tation reckon the Sums,if they can find numbers for it, but I fear I ſhall not count
half of them.
Imprimis, The Corban of the Caufe, Publick Faith-money, ſupplied with Compofi-
tion-Money for Delinquents Eftates: which was finis principalis, one of the firft
ends of the Work.
The Fees of the two Speakers (and their Clerks) of the Lords and Commons
Houſe of Parliament, for Pardons of Delinquents, is 35 1. for every man whofe
Effate is 100 l. per annum, and upward.
Ten thouſand men fo compounding and paying, amounts to 2000000; and is
Twenty hundred thousand pounds; being 200 Waggons loading of filver, every
Waggon loading being 10000l. of filver.
Divide 10000 men in ten parts; as thus:
One thouſand men,Delinquents, whoſe Eſtates are betwixt one and 2001. a
year,every man paying but 200l.two years Revenue,amounted to 200000l.a year.
The ſecond thousand men, whoſe Eſtates are betwixt two and 300 l. a year,
paying two years Revenue, comes to 400000l.
The third thouſand of Compounders, whoſe Eſtates are betwixt three and
400l. a year, and fo paying, amounts to 600000l.
The fourth thoufand Compounders, whofe Eftates are betwixt four and
500l. a year, pays 800000 1.
The fifth thouſand Compounders, whoſe Eſtates are betwixt five and 6001.
a year, pays 1000000 l. which is 300 Waggons loading of filver, every Waggon
loading being 10000 l. in filver.
The other five thousand Delinquents paying as the beforementioned five
thouſand Compounders, amounts to 8000000 l. that is,800 Waggons of filver,
10000 l. being a Waggons loading.
All which is a Maſs of Money, yet but a ſmall ſum to the moneys brought in
as followeth.
First, Head-money:
Secondly, Plate lent upon the Propofitions,
Thirdly, Money raiſed for the Rebels Lands, and Adventurers account.
Fourthly, Money for the Weekly Meals, for a Meal for one day in the week.
Fifthly, Money lent upon Ordinances of Parliament.
Sixthly, Fifty Subfidies.
Seventhly, The Twenty, and Twenty and Fifth part of Lands and Goods.
Eighthly, Excife, a Monfter, whofe Receipt was like the Abyſs.
Ninthly, Cuftomes.
Tenthly, Sequeftration of all the Delinquents Lands, fince the War began.
Eleventh, the Kings Revenue, and Committee-money.
Twelfth, Money for Newcaſtle-coals.
Thirteen,Money raiſed for his Excellency of Houfe-keepers,and fome other Commanders in
the like nature,befides Plundrings,& what hath been taken going out of the Land,& to the King.
Laftly, Monthly Taxes upon all the Lands in the affociated Counties,and the Cities of London
and westminster,befides what they took for Contribution in their Garriſons,&c. which came to
60000 l. a month, and fo given in, if not more, and by the year amounts to 720000 l. and in
five years comes to 3600000 l. and is 360 Waggons loading of filver, at 10000 l. a Waggons
loading. (And this higher afterwards)
This in five years time amounted(befides the Cuſtoms and the Kings Revenues, and Eccle-
fiaftical Profits fequeftred in their hands) to neer 20000000. But he that is able to reckon
what the Sales of the fame lands of King, Queen,and Prince, Bifhops, Deans and Chapters, the
Nobility and Gentry,as Delinquents, together with the Monthly affeffment at the ſame time of
100000, and 120000 per menfem, come to, Erit mihi magnus Apollo. I mention not Decimati-
on,nor the Piedmont-Sacriledge, nor other flier Artifices of Cromwel,nor the Prize money, &c.
But if an estimate be taken of their gettings by their ſpending,let that almoſt infuperable debt
left upon the Kingdom, and difcharged by the King upon his Return, be the unenvied tefti-
mony thereof. Vale.
A
A
CHRONICLE
OF THE
CIVIL WARS
OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND.
THE FIRST PART:
BEING
The Commons War.
O higher or greater cauſe can be affigned for this War
(ſetting afide the fins of all Times and Nations, to
which the Juftice of Heaven is feldome long a Debtor )
but the fate and cataſtrophe of Kingdoms and Monar-
chies, which do at certain periods of time taſte of that
viciffitude and mutability, to which all other fublunary
things are more frequently fubjected.
The fecondary caufes of it, are fo many and fo un-
certain, fo variously reported and believed, that it would
fpend much of the paper allotted to this Hiftory in afcertaining them. There-
fore to contain and keep within the limits of this defignment; fomething onely
fhall be faid of them, that was obvious to every eye, not favouring of partiality
or affection.
Many diſorders and Irregularities no doubt there were in the State, contra-
cted through a long and lazy peace, bolftred up with an Univerfal trade, which
procured a general wealth, the Parents of Wantonneffes ;.the excefs of Nati-
onal riches being but as the burden which the Afs carries, and miſtakes for pro-
vender, people being onely the better able to fuftain their future mifery, with
their preſent plenty.
Theſe conceived abuſes in the manage of the State (like ill humours, where
they finde an equal refiftance, or over-power of nature,) funk and deſcended
upon the Ecclefiaftical Regiment, too impotent to fuftain thofe general affaults
which were given it.
}
C
No
I
2
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Distractions
and Confufions
about Church-
Ceremonics.
No ftorms or tempefts can be raiſed or maintained below, without the Cele-
ftial influences, or diſturbances in the upper Region; nor often are there any
Commotions or Wars among or in Nations, where Religion, which ought to be
the peaceableft and moft innocent perfwalion, is not the Primum Mobile, the
great mover of the Machine of Deftruction.
Quantum Religio potuit fuadere malorum?
Nothing from abroad could any way break off that continued feries of peace
we had fo long enjoyed; we had made the Nations round about us to wonder
at, and to dread the putting forth of that ftrength which had been matured and
ripened by the ſunſhine of fo great a profperity, fo many years together, while
the world about us was hurled into the confufions of Ruine and War, ready to
become a prey to the next potent Invafion.
Strange moreover it is, That the miferable Diftractions and Confufions
which eufued, fhould be derived from no greater beginnings then a few Ceremo-
nies in the Church; that War, which ſtands upon none, thould be founded and
fixt upon them and yet nothing more certain can be charged with the guilt
of fo much mifery as thefe Kingdoms fo long fuffered under, but the Cavils,
Diſcontents and difputes about them.
:
A grudging there was for many years before, in the Raigns of Queen Eliza-
beth and King James, in whofe days, and at his hirft affumption to this Crown,
In a Conference a Conference was before him managed by the Reformifts about them, where
about them, that learned King fo juftified the ufe of them, that for a while all obloquies
against them were filenced, and the Church and State enjoyed its greatclt blef-
fings of Peace and Uniformity.
juftified by K.
James.
Fresh Com-
motions about
them, raifed
by Pryn,
Baftwick,
Burton, and
Lilburn.
All Pillori'd
and Crop'd.
Pryn ftigma-
tized: they are
fined and im-
prisoned.
Nor was there much noiſe about them in the beginning of the Raign of King
Charles ; but towards the middle it began to threaten a ftorm, in the year 1635.
towards the conclufion whereof, fome Uproars and Commotions were railed,
decrying thofe Ceremonial Rites ufed and practiſed in the Church; fuch being
the ushering in by a general murmur, what was plainly and diftinctly declared
in the beginning of the year 1637. (from whence this Chronicle takes its riſe,)
by Mr. Pryn, Dr. Baftwick, and Mr Burton; feconded and afferted by that
famously known perfon, John Lilburn.
Theſe men, though queſtionleſs from different grounds and refpecis (as this
age hath lived to fee by Mr. Pryn, who proved a great and happy inftrument
in the Kings Reftitution, and confequently, the refettlement of the Church)
printed feveral Books againſt the aforefaid Ceremonies; for thefe Books they
were apprehended (which were charged alſo to be full of Invectives againit
the Biſhops and Epiſcopal Government) and were feverely cenfured in the Star-
Chamber, to the exasperation of a great part of the Kingdom.
They were all three fentenced to be fet in the Pillory, and to have their ears
cut off, Mr. Pryn to be ftigmatized on both checks, each of them fined five thou-
fand pounds apiece to the King, and to be imprisoned during the Kings pleaſure;
which was accordingly executed in every point of the fentence, and as valiantly
and flourly undergone by theſe fufferers, who after they had ſtood in the Pillory
(three thereof being let up inthe Palace-yard at Westminster) were fent to re-
mote Caftles in the adjacent Ifles of Guernsey and Jerfey; from whence, as we
fhall fee hereafter, they were brought back to London.
I may not dif-joyn the ſtory of John Lilburn from theirs, though divided by
Lilburn whipt time, he ſuffering the year after, being whipt at a carts tail for imprinting and
at Carts tail. vending feveral Books of the fame purport and contents against the Bishops.
This man proved a great trouble-world in all the variety of Governments af-
terward, being chief of a faction called Levellers: he was a great propoſal-maker
and modeller of State, which by his means was always reftlefs in the ufurpa
tion. He died a Quaker; and fuch as his life was, fuch was his death.
This year alfo Dr. Williams then Bishop of Lincoln, and Dean of Westminster,
formerly Lord Keeper, relapſed again into the Kings disfavour, for fome ditho-
nourable
{
England, Scotland and Ireland.
3
10000 1
nourable words uttered against the King, which were taken hold of, and pro-
ſecuted in the Star-Chamber, where he was fined ten thouſand pounds; though Bishop Wil-
his enemies would rather have had him refigned his Bishoprick and Deanery: liams fined
but he was of too great a fpirit to relinquish either of them, as being places
conferred on him by Patent from his bountiful Mafter King James; and fo chofe
to pay the aforefaid fine, which upon a new ſcore was foon after doubled.
Theſe harsh proceedings againft him fo exafperated his mind, that in the troubles
enfuing he openly fided with the Parliament. In effect, this whole years revo-
lution, as to matters of importance, was concerned in Epiſcopacy.
up
land.
But this fmoak and fmother in England concerning Ceremonics, broke out Troubles break
into fire in Scotland; thefe petty and particular difcontents here, being blown out in Scot-
there into a National diflike and abhorrence of them; ſo that this here, was
but the forerunner of that conflagration there, which afterwards laid wafte Three
Kingdoms. And becauſe of the remarkable and ftrange eruption and effects
of it, I think fit to give thofe Scotifh Troubles their particular Narrative, con、
next and intire together: Which here follows.
The Troubles and Tumult in Scotland, about the Service-
Book, Book of Canons, High-Commiſſion, and Epif-
copacy.
Scotland Uni-
He great and long defigned Union of the two Kingdoms of England and England and
Scotland had taken its defired effect, by the affumption of King James the tid.
Sixth to this Crown; and the National feud between the two people thereof
well allayed, if not wholly extinguished; being both as one body under one
fupream Head and Governour.
That King, at his departing from that his Native Kingdom, had left it in Scotland well
a very flourthing condition, as ever it boafted of; the State well provided for fetied
y wholfom Laws, and the management thereof committed to the prudent-
ef and roll honourable of the Nobility, the Church-Regiment under a godly
and a learned Orthodox Epifcopacy, reverenced and well accepted by the
people.
All things both in Church and State being well ordered, fupported and
maintained by that acceffion of power and greatnefs to their Soveraign in this
Kingdom, that Nation continued in a firm and unvariable quiet till about the
middle of the Reign of King Charles the firft of bleffed memory, by whom, as
allo by his Royal Father, feveral endeavours were uſed for the better ftrength- Endeavours
ning and perpetuating the Union aforefaid, by conforming the Difcipline of Difcipline.
for conformitie
that Church to the pattern of this. Religion being the moſt fure and indiffol-
vable tie and mutual fecurity.
In the time of King James, thofe memorable Five Articles were made by the Articles of
Aſſembly at Perth, whereby the High-Commiffion, the Book of Canons, and Perth.
other Rites and Ceremonies were introduced and eſtabliſhed. By King Charles
the First, the Book of Service or Common-Prayer was endeavoured likewife to common-Pray
be brought in, it having conftantly been uſed for twenty years before in his Ma- er endeavoured
jefties own Royal Chappel in that Kingdom, before his Majefties Minifters of to be intro-
State, and the Nobility and Gentry attending them.
And now all things appeared Retro fublapſa referri, to precipitate into Con-
fufion and Diſorder; the period of that peace was come, which had fo long
bleft that Kingdom. Not that really and fingularly that Book was the caufe of
thoſe Commotions, but accidentally miniftring the male-contents of that King-
dom an occafion of revolt and difloyalty: For the feeds of that Sedition were
fown by the Plotters of the Covenant, which was afterwards fo magnified un-
der the pretence of Religion, long before any of the grievances or pretended in-
novations in Religion complained of by them were ever heard amongst them.
C 2
The
duced in Scot
land.
4
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
The Kings Re-
vocation cause
of Tumults.
The true Original of thefe Tumults, was a Revocation made by King Charles
the firft, of ſuch things as had paffed away in prejudice of the Crown, efpeci-
ally by fome of the late Princes in their minorites; by this courſe fome of the
principal Contrivers of this Covenant, found their Eftates within the danger of
the Laws: And though the King, to rectifie that proceeding of his, had made
appear his clemency, in waving all the advantages which the Laws afforded
him, not one of his Subjects being damnified by the faid Revocation; yet for
all this, the principal perfons laboured a difaffection to the Government, lay-
Laid upon the ing the
the ing the envy of procuring that Revocation upon the Prelates, who in this were
Bishop. as innocent as the thing it felf; onely becauſe they hoped, that the very name
of Church-men or Religious perfons, fhould in the point of Faction have that
operation with their followers, which they conceived the Church or Religion
it felf might have had, if they could have feen how to have perfwaded them,
that by this Revocation either of them had been endangered. Other things
there were relating to the Minifters themselves, the Gentry, and their Farmers,
who paid the Tythes to the Nobility; being the burthen of Impropriations:
This the King thought to remedy by granting out a Commiffion to a great
number of the prime of all eftates and degrees, to relieve, if they ſhould ſee
cauſe, both the Minifters and others who fuffered by that grievance: This
Commiffion was called, The Commiffion of Superiority and Tythes; which effe-
Cted, as to the agrieved, its intended effect, and for which all poffible thanks
were rendred to his Majeſty
Commiffion of
Superioritie
and Tythes.
Honours and
the Troubles.
Nor were the moſt of the Nobility unfenfible of the advantage by this means
to matter of profit, but they fretted privately for being robbed of that Lordli-
nefs over the Clergy and Laity, which by right of Tythe they enjoyed; and
therefore had recourfe to the former fetch of making the Bithops (when in-
deed it was obtained by the importunity of Clergy and Laity) the Procurers
alfo of this Commiffion.
The laft ingredient to this bitter Cup, which was prepared in Scotland for the
Titles adde to three Nations, was matter of Honour and Title: For the King going to his
Coronation there in 1631. a Parliament being called to honour the fame (where-
in an Act paffed, that gave his Majefty power to appoint fuch Veftures for
Church-men which he fhould hold moft decent; and another for ratifying all
Acts heretofore made concerning the established Religion, and the liberties and
priviledges of the Church) his Majefty finding fome principal men who were
fuitors at the fame time for the Dignities aforefaid, diffenters to the confirma-
tion and allowance of the faid Acts, did not confer fuch expected Honours, but
paffed thoſe by, and justly advanced more Loyal perfons; at which they then
mattered, but mutined not till his Majefties departure.
Libels tax the
Parliament.
Libeller fled.
Balmerino
apprebend.d.
Then they with Seditious private Libels, taxed this Parliament with preva-
rication and obliquity in their proceedings, as if it had been pack'd; and alfo,
that the voyces were not truly numbred, but that ſome Acts were paſt without
plurality of Votes. This being fifted by the Kings Privy Council there, the
Author was known, who fled; but the principal engager, the Lord Balmerino,
was apprehended. His Father had been raifed by King James to his Barony
and Fortune, but for the moft ungrateful of Treafons, was condemned by his
Peers: His fon at his time fell into the fame crime and condemnation 3* but
both, by their Majefties favour and clemency, reftored to Life, Honour, Liberry
and Estate.
But all theſe devices could not ferve their turn, without Religion, and ſuch
fpecious pretences were pleaded, to the fubverfion of the Government; there
fore the Service-Book opportunely offering it felf (though in 1616. at Aber-
deen, a piece very like it had paffed by the General Affembly (onely altered in
fome places, left in totidem verbis, fome factious ſpirits might have mifconftrued
it as a badge of dependance of that Church upon England, to the prejudice of
the Laws and Liberties) and by their own Biſhops afterwards, and reviſed by
the King, who obſerved many of that Nation reverently here to uſe it; and
alſo that it had been read in the Royal Chappel in Scotland, as aforefaid y´being
enjoyned
こ
​:
England, Scotland and Ireland.
5
enjoyned to be read on Easter-day, 1637. in Edinburgh, but deferred for fome
reaſons, though no oppofition appeared then, till the twenty third of July; on
that day fuch a Tumult and Riot happened, the heads of the vulgar being fe- Strange Tumult
cretly prepoffeft { as deep waters run ſmootheft till they come to fome breach) ab ut reading
as for everlafting notice and memorial of fo paltry an introduction to the grand- Common-Pray-
eſt and miraculous change, and fubvertions which followed, it is here briefly,
though fatisfactorily tranfcribed.
Nthe Twenty third of July, being Sunday, according to publique warning
given the Sunday before, the Service-Book was begun to be read in Edin-
burgh, in St. Giles Church, called the Great Church; where were prefent (as
usual) many of the Privy Council, both the Archbishops and other Biſhops, the Ju-
ftices, and the Magiſtrates of Edinburgh. No fooner was the Book opened by the
Dean of Edinburgh, but a number of the vulgar, mot of them women, with clap-
ping of their bands, curfing and outcries,raifed fuch a barbarous hubbub in the place,
that none could hear or be heard. The Bishop of Edinburgh, who was to Preach,
stept into the Pulpit, which is immediately above the place where the Dean was to
read; intending to appease the Tumult, by putting them in minde of the facredneß
of the place, and of the horrible prophanation thereof: But then the rabble grew
fo enraged and mad, that if a stool aimed to be thrown at him, had not been pro-
videntially diverted by the hand of one prefent, the life of that Prelate had been en-
dangered, if not loft. The Archbishop of St. Andrews, the Lord Chancellor, with
divers others, offering to appease the multitude, were entertained with fuch bitter
curfes and imprecations, that not being able to prevail with the people, the Provost,
Bailiffs, and divers others of the Council of the City, were forced to come down
from the Gallery on which they usually fit, and with much ado, in a very great
Tumult and confufion thrust out theſe diſorderly people, making faſt the Church-doers.
After all which, the Dean proceeded to read Service, which was devoutly performed,
being affifted by the Lords and the Bishops then present: Yet the clamor, rapping at
Church-doors, and throwing of stones in at the Church-windows by the rabble with-
out was so great, that the Magistrates were constrained to go out and use their endea‐
vours for to appease the multitude. After a little pause and ceſſation, the Bishop
of Edinburgh Preached; and after Sermon done, in bis going from Church, was ſo
invironed with a multitude of the meaner fort of people carfing and crowding him,
that he was near being trod to death, if he had not recovered the stayrs of his Lodg-
ing, where he was again aſſaulted, and was like to have been pulled backwards, if
the Earl of Weems from his next Lodging, ſeeing the Bishops life in danger, had
not ſent his fervants to rescue him; who got the Bishop almoſt breathleß into bis
Chamber. In other Churches the Minister was forced to give over reading: And ſo
that Morning paſſed.
ei.
The Rabble
Between the two Sermons, confultation was held how to fupprefs thofe out-ra-
ges; and 'was ſo ordered, that the Service was quietly read in St. Giles & other
Churches in the afternoon: But yet the rabble intermitted nothing of their
madness; for ſtaying in the ftreets, at the comming home of the Earl of Rox-
borough, the Lord Privy Seal, with the aforefaid Biſhop in his Coach, they fo
continned their
fiercely affaulted him with ftones, that he had like to have fuffered the death of madnes.
the Martyr St. Stephen; fo that if his footmen had not kept the multitude off
with their drawn Swords, their lives had been very much indangered.
Thus the Reformation began there with fuch terrible profanations of the
Lords day, and of the Lords Houſe; an ill omen, what in future would be the
conclufion; and this done by the fame many-headed Monſter, that in like man-
ner began the troubles in England; nor ever was the Union more perfect and
ftreight, then in fuch mischiefs.
To prevent and redreſs theſe ills, the Privy Councel fet forth a Proclamation, Proclamation
thereby diſcharging all concourfes of people and tumultuous meetings in Edin- against them.
burgh under pain of death; at which time the Magiftrates of the faid City,
before the Council-Table, profeffed their deteftation thereof, and profered their
utmoſt
6
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Magifirates
profeẞ a dete-
Station,but loon
joyned with
them.
utmoſt power in the diſcovery of the principals in that uproar; though they
afterwards fhamefully failed in their promife, and appeared among the chief of
the Covenanters, even while they were glozing with the King and the Archbi-
ſhop of Canterbury in England, by letters full of duty and affection to his Maje-
fty, and his Churches fervice.
All bufineffes of note for a time feemed to be hushed and calmed, by reafon
of the long Vacation, (which in that Kingdom beginneth always on Lammas-
day) and the Harveft, which drew all forts of people from Edinburgh, except
the Citizens, fo that all was quiet till the enfuing October, and then the conflux
of all forts foon enlivened the tumults again, the Minifters who undertook
the reading of the fecond Service-book, publiquely relenting their forwardness,
Minifters re-
cant reading
and recanting, and reneging it, and to that purpofe prefented a Petition, de-
Service: Pe- firing it might not be impoſed on them: this being backt with fuch an Uni-
tition against verfal rendezvous of all forts, gave the Council the fear of an Infurrection; for
it, and thereby
prevention whereof, a Proclamation again was publiſhed, which under pain
endanger infur-
rection: Pro- of Rebellion commanded all perfons, except they fhould fhow caufe of their
further ſtay about their particular affairs, to depart the City, and return to their
depart the City, Houfes; Seconded alfo with another, whereby his Majefties Council, and
removing Term, Seffion (which is the Term) were declared to be removed from Edinburgh
and feizing
to Dundee, and a third for feizing and diſcovering of a certain feditious Book
a Libel.
against the English Ceremonies, which fecond book was ordered to be publique-
ly burnt upon the feizure.
clamation to
Another Infur-
rection.
Biſhop of Gal-
ger.
Thefe Proclamations were next day overtaken with another Infurrection :
For on the 19 of October, 1667. the Bishop of Galloway, and Sir William
loway in dan- Elphinston Lord chief Juftice of that Kingdom, being appointed by the Lords
of the Council to examine witneffes in a Caufe depending before them, paffing
through the ſtreets to the Council-Houfe, were fuddenly encountred and fur-
rounded with an enraged multitude; the Bifhop hardly by the means of one
of the parties in that Suit getting fafe to the Council, where, through the like
irreverence to that Tribunal, he could find no Sanctuary, being threatned in-
ftantly with death. Upon report of this outrage, the Earls of Traquair and
Wigton came with their followers to his relief, where with much ado they
got entrance, but found themſelves in no better cafe than the Bishop, the peoples
rage being thereby the more increaſed.
Traquair and
Wigton came
to bis relief
with no leẞ
danger.
They fend to the
Bailiffs of E-
dinburgh for
relief, whe
were as bad or
roorfe ujed.
Provost and
A Conference,
but in vain.
den down.
The Lords and the Biſhop being thus befet, fent privately to the Lord Provoſt
and Bailiffs of Edinburgh, for relief; who fent them word that they themſelves
were in the fame condition, if not worſe, if the Lords attempted not to appeaſe
the people, who had forced them in their Council-Houfe, for fear of their lives,
to ſubſcribe a Paper then inftantly prefented them, which contained three par-
ticulars. First, that they ſhould joyn with them in oppofition to the Service-
book, and in petitioning to the King. Secondly, that by their Authority they
ſhould reſtore Mr. Ramsey, and Mr. Rolloch, two lately filenced Miniſters.
Thirdly, that they thould reftore one Mr. Henderſon a filenced Reader; which
three perfons were notable Ringleaders of the faction; three moft important
grounds for fo fearful a Commotion.
Thereupon the Lords refolved to go and confer with the Magiftrates, and
either by their authority or perfwafion to reduce the people to obedience and
reafon ; but all in vain: for at their return re infecta to the Council-Table again,
Traquair tro- they were fet upon, the Earl of Traquair being troden down, lofing his white
Staff, the Enfign of his Office of Treaſurer, with his Hat and Cloak, and ſo
with much ado got back again to the Council; who feeing the impendent danger
from the fury of the people, were forced to apply themſelves to fome Noblemen
who were of the faction, by whoſe influence upon and reſpects from the people,
they with the aforefaid Bifhops were conveyed to their refpective dwellings; but
the Provoſt was purfued with threats, rayling and danger, unto the yard of his
own houſe.
¡
This Mornings ftorm being blown over, another Proclamation was made.
againſt further unlawful Affemblies, and meeting in the ftreets of that City,
under
}
England, Scotland and Ireland.
7
}
J
tition.'
Their petition
under the molt fevere pains the Laws in thofe Cafes had provided; but o Another Pro-
little regard was thereunto given, that the next day they demanded of the clamation a-
gainst unlaw-
Lords what they had demanded of their Magiftrates; and to that purpoſe two affemblies:
Petitions, as well from the Rabble, as alfo now from greater hands, the chiet bot regard-
Citizens, Gentry, and Nobility, were prefently tendred to the Lord Chancel- ed.
lour of that Kingdom, which imported the whole fubftance of the prefent The Ribble pos
Commotion; the English Service-book ftill bearing the burthen: Withal in this
laſt petition, making their greivances (well, adding their diflike of the book of
Canons, to their former diftaft of the Service-book; fo one demand ufhered
in another, till they had nothing to ask, but what they refolved to take the
parallel of our troubles. Thefe petitions were afterwards fent up to the King, fent to the
who by a Proclamation refented the injuries and affronts done his Royal Au- King, win by
thority, by those attemps upon his chief Minifters, and alſo declared his firm Proclamation
intentions to maintain the Proteftant Religion, commanding alſo all perſons to refents the aƒ-
forbear further meetings and petitions of this nature, upon pain of treafon. But fronts of bis
chief Mini
this Proclamation was encountred with a Proteftation made by the Earls of Hume fters.
and Lindſey, two great Covenanters, who avowed therein the whole action, Hume and
with a refolution added to adhere to them to the laft, requiring alfo fome of Lindley justi
fie the matter.
the Biſhops to be removed from his Majefties Councel, and fuch other more
unreaſonable expoftulations, which yet came fhort fill of thofe that they made
afterwards, their number and power ftill increafing their peremptory and haugh-
ty defignes upon the Government.
Soon after, this fedition began to arm it ſelf, and affume another name; they
of the faction took the authority of the Kingdom to themſelves; erected four Four Tables.
Tables, as they called them, of the four ranks of Noblemen, Gentry, Burgeffes
and Minifters, out of all which was formed one general Table, that was fupreme.
This Table, after ſome conſultation and reports from the other, refolved upon
a Covenant to be taken throughout the Kingdom, which for fubitance was the A Covenant
fame with that Solemn League, afterwards taken in England; onely Bithops in refolved on.
expreſs terms were not therein then abjured, but implicitely no doubt included,
and more plainly, their fitting in civil Judicatories.
thereat.
The King was moft highly incenfed againſt this ufurpation of his Royal Au- The King high-
thority, eſpecially at the obtruding this Covenant, wherewith the greateft party zacenjed
of the Nation were already infected, aud others through compulfion and torce
ſcared into a compliance with it, though with a great deal of itir and reluctan-
cy: Wherefore to obviate the imminent danger it threatned, the King diſpatcht
away the Marquefs of Hamilton as his Commiffioner to that Kingdom, to apply Hamilton
fome prefent remedy to the diftemper; he being a perfon of great honour and fent unto Scot-
influence on that Nation.
land.
Before his arrival, of which the Covenanters had timely notice, they made
the more haft to engage the people against any accommodation: Nor did they
with the uſual reſpect entertain the Commiſſioner; but after ſome few days ſtay,
after ſome overtures by him made on the Kings part towards them, and his They flight
demands of them, particularly their deſerting and relinquishing their Covenant,
him,
he received a ſlighting antwer, that they would defcend to no particulars of their
part, till a general Affembly ſhould be called: But as for the Covenant, they
would fooner part with their lives, than abate a fyllable of it; and refolved
never to hear more against it: And thereupon new guards were by them and strength:n
clapt upon Edinburgh Caftle, the Watches of the City multiplied, and the Mini- themelues,
fters began to convert all their Sermons into Libels, warning the people to
take heed of Crafty Compoſitions,when they were reſolved againſt any.
Thefe difficulties caufed the Commiffioner to repair to London, having firſt
received order to publiſh the Kings Declaration against the fuppofed Popery;
and removed alfo the Term, for the further fatisfying of the City of Edinburgh,
back thither again; which indeed was for a while magnified by the Citizens as Term returned
an Act of favour, but prefently was undervalued as a trick to cajole them; fo to Edinburgh.
inftructed by thoſe who grudged the King any efteem or love in the minds of
his people.
The
↑
8
Part 1
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
By Declarati-
The Kings Declaration, bearing Date June 20. 1638. was ſoon after pub-
on, Service and lifhed, which contained his difpenfation of the Service-book and Canons, with
Canons difpen-
a promiſe of calling a general Affembly and Parliament with all convenient Ex-
ſed with.
pedition; requiring his fubjects to contain themſelves in their duty, and not
further to hearken to any Rebellious fuggeftions.
The Covenan-
sers protest a-
gainst it.
Hamilton ba-
As foon as the Herauld had proclaimed it, the Covenanters were ready upon
a Scaffold there erected, with a Proteftation againſt it; (having before poffelt
the People, that if this Declaration were hearkened unto, it would bring un-
doubted ruine to their Religion, Laws and Liberties) which they publiquely
read, importing fome new additions to their former demands, and cavils at the
uncertainty of the Kings intentions in the matters declared.
The Marquels Hamilton being arrived at London, gave the King an account
ving given the of the whole bufinefs; and according to his new inftru&tions, returned back
King an ac-
again by their appointed time, the 15th of August, 1638. and entred prefently
count of af-
into a Treaty with them about the manner of calling the General Affembly;
fairs, is fent
again, and en- which they would not hear of, but that a General Affembly fhould be immedi-
ters a Treaty. ately called; and of the due Elections thereto, when they were met, them-
felves ſhould be the judge: For otherwife there would of neceffity be fome pre-
limitations, which the treedom thereof might not fuffer.
He returns to
England, hath
power given
bim to fatisfie
the Scots if
fible.
?
The Afferbly
at Glasgow.
Upon this Emergency all things growing worfe and worfe, the Marquefs
was forced upon another journey to confult the King (the Covenanters con-
cluding, that if he returned not before the 21 of September, they would of
themſelves Indic this Convention) who concluded of giving that Kingdom
the utmoſt fatisfaction; and with a Commiffion to fummon this Affembly re-
turned: But the day after, the Covenanters, contrary to promiſe, made an
Election in one of the Presbyteries Adjacent, of themfelves, whereas through-
out the Kingdom, according to the directions of the Tables, Lay-Elders and
Minifters were chofen together; a thing never feen before in that King-
dom.
This Affembly, the Source of thofe calamities which afterwards embrbyl'd
and enflaved that Nation, was held at the City and University of Glasgow, in
November 1638. in which they fo carried and packt the Elections, that there was
fcarce one Diffenter from thofe Refolutions they had profeft in their Cove-
The Biſhops were Totally excluded from fitting or voting therein, but
Bishops exclu nant.
did: They pro- were cited to compeer as offenders, and anfwer their charge. Againſt theſe
test against it. proceedings, and the illegality of the conftitution of this Affembly, they firft
protelted, and tendered their reaſons, but they would not be admitted for fuch;
fo that the Lord Commiffioner feeing no hope of Juftice, Law, or Reafon, or
Loyalty taking place there, at ſeven days end diffolved them by a Proclamation;
which they took no further notice of, then only by oppoſing another Proteſta-
tion, wherein they declared, that the Aſſembly ought not to be, nor was as dif
folved, until ſuch time as thoſe ends ſo often before expreffed were fully attained ;
and fo proceeded in their Seffion.
They continue
fit'ing, not-
with landing
a Proclama-
tie, to diffolve
them.
Arguile owns
the covenan
ters.
Strange and defperate was the Pride of this Affembly, far beyond the Popes
infallible Councils, taking upon them to be the Supreme Judicatory on earth,
above all Laws and Parliaments, and King himſelf, as Chrifts Council; and
that if the Judges and other Minifters of State fhould not obey their Command-
ment, they might proceed to ſentence of Excommunication againſt them:
Which was effectually put in practice afterwards against the Bishops, and their
adherents, before they armed themselves otherwife against their overaign.
Yet notwithſtanding, they did pretend that the King, fhould he be fatisfied
of the equity and lenity of their proceedings, would no doubt comply with
them in the matters they Petitioned for; which more exafperated his Majefty
than all the Violations and ufurpations of his Authority.
The Earl of Arguile, who had hitherto kept fair with the King, and was
one of his Privy Council there, now owned the Covenanters, and profeſſed his
adherence to their cauſe. It is believed he was one of the firſt that stirred in.
this unfortunate buſineſs, and that therefore the better to ſatisfie him, the King
after
1
:
1639.
9
England, Scotland and Ireland,
1
after the firſt Pacification, made him a Marquefs. Moſt certain it is, he was
the laft that fuffered in it, as in the conclufion of this Chronicle will appear.
I have infifted the longer on this ftory, becauſe the general Commotions that
followed it, ran almott the fame parallel in their refpective commencements
in the three Kingdoms; and to fhew, that neither prudence nor arms, both
which were ſeaſonably applyed, could ftop or prevent thofe judgements of Con-
fufion and Ruine, which foon after enfued this Tragical Prologue in a mifera
ble cataſtrophe.
For the Scots preſently began to arm, having firft fent to the French King, The Scots arm.
craving his aid and affiftance; which was readily proffered them by Cardinal
Richlien his chief Miniſter of State, who was fuppofed to have fomented the
quarrel from the very beginning, to quit fcores with the King of England for
fiding with the Rochellers in the beginning of his Raign.
But before any blood was drawn, came over the Queen-Mother, whom the Queen-Mother
generality of the people took for a Prognoftick or ill Omen of a War, or ſome arrives.
Rupture approaching. Many fcandals were raifed against the King for her ad-
miſſion hither; but all things were gone too far beyond the contribution of
her advice, to make her guilty of our troubles: However, the ſeemed the Comet
that did portend and foretel them, the like Commotions having happened for
fome years paft in the places of her refidence.
The Scots towards the end of the year 1638, had gotten together a compe- The Scots have
tent Army, raiſed by the Authority and Ordinance of the aforefaid Affembly, a competent
for the pretended defence of the Kingdom, its Religion and Laws.
Nor did Army.
the King neglect the affairs of that Kingdom, but was arming here in England,
with all the ſpeed his Purfe would afford; which was then in a low ebb: Yet
by the Loans of the Nobility, Gentry and Clergy, he had raiſed a gallant Army, fes an Army.
with which he marched towards the borders.
The King rai-
commands the
Flect.
Over this Army the Earl of Arundel was made General, the Earl of Effex Arundel Gɛ-
Lieutenant-General of the Foot, and the Earl of Holland Lieutenant-General of neval-
the horſe. A Fleet alfo was rigged and well manned, and fet to Sea under Hamilton
the command of the aforefaid Marquefs Hamilton, which foon after came to
an Anchor in the Frith neer Edinburgh. The King being thus in readi- A Declaration
nefs, Emitted another Declaration, wherein he taxed the Scots with feve- by the King.
xal rebellious Libels, for their Proteftations against his commands, for ufurp-
ing his Authority, and for refufing the Oath of Allegiance and Supre-
macy upon account of their having taken the Covenant; reiterates his refolu-
tions of maintaining Epifcopacy in that Kingdom, and lays the blood (if any
were ſpilt in that quarrel) upon themfelves as Rebels, whom he ought not lon-
ger to fuffer to proceed in thoſe undutiful and deſtructive courſes, but hoped to
reduce to their former and due Obedience. To which the 22 of March the The Affembly
faid Affembly reply by an Ordinance, wherein, after expoftulating the Kings De- answers.
claration, they curſe themſelves if they intend any harm to England; concluding
their War to be meerly defenfive, and grounded upon the natural and Civil Law.
Anno Dom. 1639.
"He King ſet forward with his Army, and in April came to York, and in
TH
Commiffioners
May to Barwick, where both Armies came in view one of another. When
the King was at York, the Earls of Roxborough and Traquair, two formerly of The Earls of
his Council, and Officers of State, came to him as Commiffioners from the Roxborough
Covenanters, under pretence of Treating with the King; who wanting their and Traquair
due Commiffion, and being fufpected to have been fent on an errand purpofely from the Cout-
to tamper with the English Lords; and to perfwade them of the honeft intentions manters.
of the Scotch Nation, were therefore for a while committed, but foon after Committed and
ſet at liberty; having in part effected their errand, and infinuated a good opi-
releaſed.
D
nion
ΙΟ
Part I.
}
A Chronicle of the Eivil Wars of
!
1
A Treaty be-
ended.
nion of their proceedings, withal begot an intelligence and correfpondence
with ſome of the Peers, who before were well inclined to their caufe. This ap-
peared foon after in the Engliſh Councils of War, where the first Gallantry and
Refolutions of the Principal Commanders were feen to flag and abate, and dif-
folve into more foft and pliable difpofitions to peace.
The Engliſh Army being far fuperiour in Arms, men, and bravery, was en-
camped near Barwick, and the Scots at Dunflo; when by mediation of the per-
gan, and foon fons aforefaid, a Treaty was begun (which ended preſently in a fhort-lived
Peace,) upon feveral Articles, which being not performed on the Scots part, are
needlefs here to repeat. In the mean time, the Parliament of Scotland, accord-
ing to the Kings Proclamation when he alſo fummoned their Affembly, met on
the appointed 15th of May, and was prorogued till the laft of August; at which
time they fate four days, and therein formed four demands for the King. The
Affembly alſo fate a little before, and aboliſht Epiſcopacię, the Liturgy, and the
Book of Canons, with the High Commiffion, &c.
The Parlia
ment of Scot-
land proro-
gued.
The Affembly
abolish Epifce-
pacie.
Their Parlia-
liament ad-
journed.
They fend the
Earl of Dum-
fermling and
Lord
Theſe things coming to the Kings knowledge, together with a Pamphlet pre-
varicating the conditions of the late Treaty, their Letters to the King of
France for aid, their new Proviſions for Arms, their levying of Taxes of ten
marks per Centum, and continuing their Officers and Fortifications, induced him
by his new Commiffioner the Earl of Traquair to command the Adjournment
of the Parliament until the ſecond of June next enfuing,upon pain of Treaſon.
Againſt which Command the Covenanters declare, and fend a Remonftrance
to the King by the Earl of Dunfermling and the Lord Loudon, the Chan-
cellour of that Kingdom afterwards; who coming without Warrant from the
Loudon Kings Commiffioner Traquair, were fent back again. Whereupon Traquair, a
with a Remon- perfon fufpected to have abufed his truft, comes himſelf, and advifing with Ha-
ftrance.
milton, they both propound to the Council, the affairs of Scotland being fo de-
ſperate, whether it were not more expedient the King fhould go himself
in perfon into Scotland, than to reduce them by Arms: which after many
politique confiderations, was Refolved in the Affirmative, That nothing could
reclaim them to their duty, but force of Arms. This again brought the Earl of
Dumfermling and the Lord Loudon to London, with two other Commiffioners;
where before the King again, they infifted upon the juftification of their inno-
cence, and withal defired that the King would ratifie and confirm their proceed-
ings, and that their Parliament might proceed to determine of all Articles or
Bills brought to them, to the eſtabliſhing of Religion and Peace: But instead of
an Anſwer to their requests, the King charged them with the aforementioned
Libel, and their Letters and Intelligence held with the French King, which then
came to English light, and were known by the Characters to be the writing of
Loudon com- the Lord Loudon, who was thereupon committed for a fhort time, but releaſed
mitted, and re-
upon the mediation of the Marquefs Hamilton.. After his releaſe, he and Dum-
leafed.
fermling preſented their Affemblies and Farliaments Remonftrance to the King;
and the Commiffioner returned alſo, and gave a full account of the ftate of that
Kingdom. All three of them being admitted unto the Council together, the
matter was there managed with ſo much anger and ſharpneſs, that the King and
the Scots were more exafperated against one another than before.
The P. Elector
Palatine came
into England,
The Prince Elector Palatine,the Kings Nephew by the Queen of Bohemia, a-
bout this time came into England, having utterly loft his intereft in the Palati-
by the late defeat given him there, by Count Hatsfield the Emperours Gene-
ral, where Prince Rupert, fo famous afterwards in our Wars, and the Lord Cra-
ven, were taken: he ftaid not long here, but departed again, and was taken at
Lions by the French, having paft fo far undifcovered: he was ſoon after released,
and returned into England, where by the Parliament he had 8000l. a year af-
Released; and figned him out of his uncles the Kings Revenue; till after His Murther, he de-
returning into parted home upon the Articles of Munster-Treaty, by which he was reftored to
England, was his Dignities and Sovereignty, being conveyed hence in 1649. in a man of War
allowed 8000 to the Brill in Holland.
Departed, and
taken by the
French.
1. per annum.
+
This
1639.
I I
England, Scotland and Ireland.
tween the
Flemings and
This year was fignalized alſo by a famous Sea-fight between the Flemings and A Sea-fight be-
the Spaniards in the Downs. Don Antonio Ocquendo was Admiral of the Spa-
niſh Fleet, which conſiſted of ſeventy Sail of great Ships and Gallions, on which the Spaniards.
were put aboard, as the report went, twenty five thousand men defigned for the
fervice of the Spaniard against the Dutch of the one fide, and the French on the
other, and were ordered to be landed at Dunkirk with money for the paying of
his Armies then afoot. On the 17th of September, they were met by the Vice-
Admiral of the Holland-Fleet, who engaging them in the Chanel, was wor- The Hollan-
fted; but getting to windward, kept near them, continuing firing to give Van ders worſted.
Trump, then before Dunkirk, notice of their approach. Betwixt Dover and Ca-
lice the two Dutch Fleets joyn, and attaque the Spaniard (the Engliſh Fleet
under the Command of Sir John Pennington looking on the while) who being
fore bruiſed, was forced to the English Coaft, where the Spanish Ambaffadour But in conclu
defired they might be protected for two Tides by the Kings Ships; but that fon become
could not be allowed, for the Kings Neutrality between both. Whereupon, in
the night, ſome part, with the molt of the Treaſure, and fourteen Ships, got ſafe
to Dunkirk; the reft, Van Trump being recruited with an hundred Ships in an
inftant almoſt of time, fet upon and difperfed, finking and taking, and ſtrand-
ing very many, fo that few efcaped home. This was the fecond lucklefs Ar-
mado of the Spaniard, on which the malecontents of this and the Kingdom of
Scotland, grounded many falſe and ſcandalous furmiſes againſt the King.
Victors.
To return again to Scotla where I may not omit one fatal paffage. On the An ill Omen.
19th day of November, being the Anniverſary of his Majetties Birth, part of
the Walls of the ſtrong Caſtle of Edenburgh fell down; which was likewife in-
terpreted for an ill Omen: ſuch another, though more unhappily, and nearly
fignificant, was that of the fall of the head of his ftaff at his Tryal, be- Lord Eftrich,
fore the pretended High Court of Juftice. For the repairing of theſe ruines,the Col. Ruthen
King fent the Lord Estrich, Col. Ruthen and others, who were refifted by the and others fent
Covenanters, as men not qualified for the fervice.
to repair E-
denburgh-C4-
No hopes for theſe and other reafons being conceivable of treating, and per- file, they were
fwading the Scots to obedience, a Refolution was taken vigorously to profecute refifted by the
the War commenced the year before; to which purpose it was debated at a Ca- Covenanters.
binet-Council, where none were preſent but the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, the
Earl of Strafford, and Hamilton; and there agreed that a Parliament muſt be cal-
led in England and Ireland, and that in the mean time, for the fpeedy raifing of
money, the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy fhould fubfcribe what fums of mo-
ney they would advance to this ſervice for the prefent occafion, till the King
could be otherwiſe helped by Subfidies. To this purpoſe the Earl of Strafford The Nobility,
firſt ſubſcribed twenty thousand pounds, the like did the Duke of Richmond, Gentry, and
and the Nobility according to the feveral values of their Eſtates. The Clergy Clergy affift the
granted four fhillings in the pound in their Convocation, which prefently fol- King with mo-
ny for the car-
lowed, to be paid for fix years together; only the City of London were refracto- rying on of the
ry, and could not be induced to lend one farthing to the carrying on of that war.
War.
By theſe Loans (however) of the Kings Loyally affected Subjects, he was
again in a formidable pofture; and the Earl of Strafford, befides his own per-
fonal disburfments, had procured four Subfidies, to maintain ten thouſand foot Supplies from
and fifteen hundred Horſe, from the Parliament of Ireland he had newly cal- Ireland.
led; for which he was honourably brought into the Houſe of Peers in the Par-
liament of England; whither by his Majefties call from his Lieutenantſhip of
Ireland he was then arrived, to aſſiſt the King with his prudent Counſels.
Sir Thomas Coventry, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, dieth the tenth of Janu- Lord Keeper
ary, after he had for fifteen years behaved himſelf in that place like a wife and Coventry di-
honeft man. Sir John Finch, Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas, fucceeds
him; of whom more anon.
eth.
Succeeded by
Sir John
Finch.
*
D 2
Anno
12
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
A Parliament
fummoned.
They favour the
Scots.
Are backward
in affifting the
King with
mony.
T
Anno Dom. 1640.
He 13th of April,this year, being the 16th of the Kings Reign, a Parliament
was fummoned at Westminster; at the opening whereof, the King ac-
quainted them with the affronts and indignities he had received from his Scotch
Subjects, whom he ſpared not to call Rebels; which was ſomewhat reſented by
the Members of the Houfe of Commons, who out of diflike of Epifcopacie
here, did not much favour that War againft them, which by a nick-name was
then called Bellum Epifcopale.
Therefore upon the Kings defires to them for a ſupply of money, by which he
might be enabled to reduce the Scots, they prefently ſtarted their old grievances;
which cauſed a debate, whether the King or the Subjects ſhould be relieved firſt ;
for fo they made the Scotch War the Kings perfonal and diſtinct buſineſs.
This alteration, and the apparent unwillingneſs of the Houſe of Commons to
advance any mony except their previous defires (viz. of clearing the proper-
ties of the Subject, and the cftablithing of the true Religion, and Priviledges
of Parliament) were confirmed and granted by the King, reduced his Majetty
to a prefent neceffity and dilemma, either of complying with the Scots, or to take
mony as he could raiſe it, by his own credit and Athority, to fubdue them : for
there was no hopes in the Parliaments delays. And this was the true Reaſon of
Are diffolved. the diffolving that Parliament, which happened May the 5th, to the great grief
of all good people, who were fenfible of the Kings difficulties,and the approach-
ing evils.
The Convocati-
on of the Cler-
gy fit, and af-
fifl the King
with mony.
They make new
pofition to Po-
Pery and the
the Scatch Co-
venant.
The Convocation of the Clergy fate at the fame time, and were continued
beyond the Parliaments diffolution, though contrary to practice and cuftom;
where, as before is faid, they contributed and confirmed the Grant of the fifth
part of their Ecclefiaftical Livings for fix years, towards the carrying on of the
War againſt the Scots. I may not omit the conceffion of the King in this affair
to the Parliament, wherein he offered upon the granting of him fome Sub-
fidies, to remit and acquit his claim of Ship-mony, and other advantages of
his Prerogative.
At this Convocation fome new Canons were made, with Salvoes and difpen-
fations for fome which had been ftrictly heretofore enjoyned, but eſpecially and
mainly for Epifcopacie; and the Doctrine of the Church of England in oppofi-
tion to Popery, was hereby eſtabliſhed by the Oath of &c. As likewife in oppo-
fition to the Scotch Covenant. This Convocation ended May 29. none diffent-
Bishop Good- ing but Dr. Goodman Bishop of Glocefter, who fince died a Roman Catholique,
man diffents, and owned that faith. As a teftimony of the fincerity of the Arch-bishop of
Canterbury in the Proteftant Religion, Iſhall here infert therefore a paſſage re-
And is admo- lating to thefe Canons: Upon the Bishop of Glocester's refufal thereof,
niſhed by A. B. the Arch-Biſhop would have proceeded to the Cenfures of the Church im-
mediately, and therefore gave him, according to the Canons, three admoni-
tions one upon the neck of another, that he ſhould forthwith fubfcribe: and if
he had not been whiſpered, that fo weighty a matter required deliberation and
diftance of time, he would there have fufpended him from his Dignities and
Office.
Laud.
+
This Noble Prelate, for theſe and the like vigorous actings both in Church
and State, fell into the obloquy of the malecontents, the Chief of whom were
the Nonconformists, then called Puritans, who abounded in London; the moft
whereof, upon a diſtaſte taken from the cenfure of Mr. Pryn, Dr. Baſtwick, and
Mr. Burton, did mightily maligne him; fo that on the ninth of May, a Paper
was pofted upon the Exchange, animating Apprentices to rife and fack his houfe
Libelled, and
at Lambeth next Monday; which they were the more forward to do, becauſe
his house af-
it was rumoured, that he was the firft inftigator of the King to diffolve the laft
faulted.
Par-
Thefaid A. B.
1
1640.
13
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Parliament: But he had intelligence of their deſignes, and provided to receive
them. According to their appointed time, in the dead of the night they came,
to the number of five hundred, and befet his houfe, and endeavoured to enter;
but were quickly beaten off, and glad to retreat, having in fome meaſure vented
their anger againſt him in railing and ſcandalous language (fuch as the treets
were full of before in fcattered Libels) and breaking his glafs-windows. The
day following, many of them upon enquiry were apprehended and imprisoned, Some of the
faction im-
but three days after forcibly reſcued from thence by their Companions, who
prisoned, and
broke open the Prifon-doors; for which one Benfted a Sea-man was apprehend- reed.
ed, and hanged afterwards in St. Georges-fields, and his head and quarters fet Benfted 4
upon the ſeveral Gates of the City.
Seaman hang-
ed.
The Scotch
Glocefter
berland Gene-
General.
The Scotch Parliament now fat again, and were more violent in their pro-
ceedings than before: for having notice of the difcontents in England, they
preſently advanced with their Army thitherwards, about the fame time that the
Army advance
Queen was delivered of a Son, Henry Duke of Glocefter ( of whofe deceafe we towards En-
ſhall ſpeak in its place.) The King, to be in a readineſs to receive them, had alfo gland.
appointed an Army, of which he made the Earl of Northumberland General, and Henry Duke of
the Earl of Strafford Lieutenant-General; but the Earl of Northumberland fal- born.
ling fick, he himself fent away part of the Army under the Command of the The Earl of
Lord Conway, and advanced out of London with the remainder, and came in Northum
perfon to Northallerton. During his March, the Lord Conway had but ill fuc- val of the
cefs. He had drawn about 1200 Horfe and 3000 Foot to fecure the Paffes Kings Army.
upon Tine near Newborn; So far was the Scotch Army advanced under the Earl of Straf-
Command of General Lefly, (Earl of Leven, an old Souldier in the Swedish ford Lieut.
Wars ) better armed, intelligenced, and provided than the last year: on the 27th The King comes
of Augüft, Lefly detired leave of my Lord Conway for his whole Army to pafs to to Northaller-
the King with their Petition; which he,as before,avowed to be the honefteft,loy- ton.
alleft, and innocent thing in the World; but was refufed and ftopped. Thereup- Newborn-
on three hundred Scotch Horfe attempted to cross the River, and were therein fight, Aug.29.
repelled by the ſhot of the English Mufquetiers, who were placed under the Gen. Lefley,
fhelter of a Breaft-work. This was no fooner done, but the Scots with nine Earl of Leven
pieces of Ordinance, which they had placed on the fide of the River, and blind-ngageth with
ed them with bushes, plaid upon thofe breaft-works; which fo affrighted way, and der
the Engliſh Infantry, being raw Souldiers, and not uſed to the noife and execu- feats him.
tion of Canon, that they preſently for look their Potts, caft down their Arms and
fled. Inftantly the Scotch Horfe with their General himſelf advanced,but were
handfomely welcomed by Commiſſary-General Wilmot, who with the Cavalry,
which confifted moftly of Gentlemen, very ftoutly food to it, till they were over-
born by number, and galled with great Bullets, and fo forced into a diforderly
retreat. Here were flain two or three Gentlemen of Quality, among which was
Cornet Porter, Son to Endymeon Porter of the Bed-chamber, with fome fourfcore
and odd of common Souldiers.
the Lord Con-
Newcaſtle;
The Lord Conway, after this defeat, carried himself the firft news of it to the Sir Jacob
King, that it might not be told by others to his prejudice; and Sir Jacob Aſh- Afhley dforts
ley Governour of Newcastle, knowing the place not tenable; deferted it, finking that and Dur
the Ordnance in the River; fo that upon Lefleys approach, both that Town ham reader
and Durham rendred themſelves into his hands
Theſe loffes accelerated the Earl of Strafford into thoſe parts, who having
the fupreme Command of the Army therefore conferred upon him, and know-
ing his Honour and Reputation to be embarqued in this bufinefs, refolved to put
it to the decifion of the Sword, which he was as well able to manage as his Pen :
Challengeth the Lord Conway for the diſafter at Newborn, before the King, as
his ill conduct had occafioned it; who as ftoutly denied it, laying the fault, as
indeed it ought, upon the rawness of his Souldiers.
if
In Scotland the Earl of Haddington, who commanded as Major-General
the Forces raiſed, and to be raiſed in Lothian, having recovered from the Soul-
diers of Berwick Garriſon the pieces of Ordnance which Lesley had left behind
him
themfelves to
Gen. Lefley.
The Earl of
Stafford com%-
plains of the
Lord Conway.
}
!
L
15
The Earl of
Haddington
the Scots M.
G. with 20
Knights and
Gentlemen
Main at Dun-
glass.
The Scots pro-
claimed Tray
Kings Royal
Standard Jet
up at York.
tors, and the
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I
him at Dunflo, and brought them to Dunglaß, was the next day flain, with
twenty more Knights and Gentlemen, in the midſt of his Court, by the ftones
that flew from the Vault neer adjoyning, which was then blown up with the
Magazine that lay in it.
Though the Earl of Strafford was fo eagerly and intenfly bent on fighting
with the Scots, yet with the King (who was loth to run that hazard, not
knowing how to recruit himself, if he were worsted,unleſs he ſhould condefcend
as much or more to his Engliſh Subjects in Parliament) thofe Martial refolu-
tions ſoon abated, to the regret of that Noble Earl, whoſe ſafety as well as glory
confifted in driving the Scots out of this Kingdom. So that though the King
had declared them to be Rebels and Traytors by Proclamation, and conmanded
that publick Prayers ſhould be put up againſt them in all Churches, and had fet
up his Royal Standard at York; yet now he was contented to treat with them,
and to that end received from them a Petition ftuft with their grievances; to
which he returned anfwer, by his Secretary of Scotland, the Earl of Lanerick,
That he expected their particular demands; which were tendered to him with-
in three days after, and imported his Majefties calling a Parliament in England,
(wered by the without which there could be no fatisfying redreſs for them. They had like-
Earl of Lane wife publiſhed fometime before their marching into England, a Declaration in-
tituled, The intentions of the Army; which lignified that they would not lay
down their Armes, till the reformed Religion were fetled in both Nations upon
fure grounds, and the caufers and abetters of their prefent grievances and troubles
were brought to publique Juftice, and that in Parliament.
The Scots peti-
tion the King,
and are an-
rick.
They agree to
call a Parlia
ment.
In order to the ſpeedy accommodation therefore of this quarrel, Twelve of the
Nobility who were there with the King, by name, Hertford, Eſſex, Bedford, War-
wick, Mulgrave, Bristol, Bullingbrook, Say, Mandevil, Howard, Paget, and Brook,
drew up a Petition to the King, and had it delivered: after which, others of
the fame contents were brought from London and other places of the Kingdom;
which unanimouſly agreed in this, That nothing could fatisfie the people, nor
relieve their grievances and preffures, but a Parliament.
The Lords of This the King willingly affented to, and in part condeſcended to other of the
England fum- Scots demands; and for the prefent fummoned the Lords of England to ap-
・moned to ap-
pear at York. pear at York, where accordingly they met, and on the first day of their fitting
in Council, it was agreed that a Parliament ſhould be called, to convene the
third of November next. And in reference to the Scotch buſineſs, and the poor
oppreffed Northern Counties, where both the Armies that Summer had quartered,
(the Bishoprick of Durham being then taxed by the Scots at three hundred and
fifty pound, the Country of Northumberland at three hundred pound a day)
it was alſo reſolved that a Treaty fhould be had; and thereupon fixteen En-
gliſh Lords, whereof eight were Earls, the other Barons, fhould meet with fo
many of the Scotch Nobility; and the place was affigned at York; which was
refuſed, as not ſafe enough for the Scotch Commiffioners, by reafon of the pre-
fence of the Lord Deputy Strafford, who had proclaimed them Traytors in Ire-
A Treaty of land, and againſt whom they had matters of high Complaint: And ſo it was
peace at Rip- refolved it fhould begin at Rippon.
pon.
The English
infiſt on a
ceffation:
The Scots re-
fuſe, and pro-
pound 4 Prali-
minaries.
The Earl of
Strafford ad-
viſeth the
The first thing the Engliſh infifted on, was a prefent Ceffation; but the Scots
objected againſt that, and faid that other things were more expedient to be first
confidered: For as they would obey the Kings command in advancing no fur-
ther, ſo would they not go back again till they had accompliſht the buſineſs
they came for; and therefore propounded four Præliminaries to be refolved on,
which were concluded on and agreed to.
At the firſt of theſe, That the Scotch Army ſhould be paid and maintained out
of the English purſe, the Earl of Strafford was highly incenfed and enraged,
King to fight being fo difhonourable a thing to the Nation; and therefore would have per-
fwaded the King to give him leave to fight them, no way doubting but that he
ſhould be able to drive them prefently into Scotland again, though accounted
then far fuperiour in Difcipline and Souldiery to the English Army.
them,
But
1640.
15
England, Scotland and Ireland.
But the affair of the Treaty was fo far advanced, for the reaſons aforeſaid,
that there was no fair way of receding, if the King had been powerful enough
to have combated them, as fome made no fcruple; lo that on the 16th of Octa- But in conclu-
ber, the Engliſh Commanders, fome through fear, others out of compliance with fion,
the major part, agreed to the enfuing Articles, which for an envious remark I
have tranſcribed.
Firſt, That there be a Ceffation of Arms both by Sea and Land from this pre- Theſe Articles
fent.
were agreed on.
Secondly, That all Acts of Hoftility do thenceforth ceafe.
Thirdly, That both parties shall peaceably return during the Treaty, whatever
they poffefs at the time of the Ceffation.
Fourthly, That all fuch persons who lived in any of his Majesties Forts beyond
the River of Tweed, ſhall not exempt their Lands which lye within the Counties of
Northumberland,and the Bishoprick, from fuch Contributions as fhall be laid upon
them for the payment of eight bundred pound per diem.
Fifthly, That none of the Kings Forces upon the other fide of Tweed, shall give
any impediment to fuch contributions as are already allowed for the competency of
the Scotch Army, and shall fetch no victuals nor forage out of their bounds, except
that which the inhabitants and owners thereof shall bring voluntarily to them; and
that any restraints or detention of Vidual, Cattel or Forage, which shall be made
by the Scots within those bounds for their maintenance, shall be no breach.
Sixthly, That no recruit shall be brought into either Armies, from the time of the
Ceflation, and during the Treaty.
Seventhly, That the contribution of eight hundred and fifty pounds per diem
fhall be onely raised out of the Counties of Northumberland, Weltmerland, and the
Bishoprick, and the Town of Newcastle; and that the not payment thereof ſhall
be no breach of the Treaty, but the Counties and Towns ſhall be left to the Scots
power to raise the fame, but not to exceed the fum agreed upon, unleß it be for
charges of driving, to be fet by a Prizer of the forage.
Eighthly, That the River Tweed fhall be the bounds of both Armies,(excepting
always the Town and Castle of Storkton, and the Village of Egy(hiff;) and the
Counties of Northumberland and the Bishoprick, be the limits within which the
Scotish Army is to refide, baving liberty from them to fend fuch Convoys as fhall be
neceſſary onely for the gathering up of the Contribution which ſhall be unpaid by
the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland.
Ninth and Tenth Articles of private injuries.
Eleventhly, No new Fortifications to be made during the Treaty againft either
Party.
Twelfthly, That the Subjects of both Kingdoms may in their trade of Commerce
freely paß to and fro without any stay at all; but it is particularly provided, that
no member of either Army paß without a formal Paß under the hands of the Gene-
ral, or of him that commands in chief.
This was the fum of that unlucky Ceffation, which was afterwards at London
concluded in a Treaty foon after the fitting of the Parliament, who in February
next paid the Scots off, giving them the ftile of their dear brethren: which much
pleaſed them, but the money which accrewed by an arrear of 124000l. was
a great deal more acceptable. And thus with their pay and difmiffion out of
this Kingdom, I difmifs them for this time from any further Narrative, and
look home to our own affairs in England.
The Parliament fate down on the third of November, and immediately fell The Parlia
to queſtioning ſeveral chief Minifters of State, Bishops and Judges; ptetending ment fet, they
thereby both to fatisfie this Nation.and the Scots: Monopolies alfo were voted question feve
ral Bishops and
down, and much more good was promiſed and expected from the Parliament.
Judges, and
The principal of thoſe Grandees that were accuſed, was the Earl of Straf- vote doron
ford, against whom Mr. Pym is fent from the Commons to the Lords, with an Monopolies.
Impeachment
16
+
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars-of
肇
​Mr. pym fent Impeachment of High Treafon; whereupon he was fequeftred from fitting as
from the Com-'
a Peer, and his Privado Sir George Ratcliff was fent for out of Ireland, by a Ser-
mons to the
Lords with an jeant at Arms. Soon after, the aforefaid Earl was committed to the uſher of the
Impeachment of Black Rod, and fo to the Tower, in order to his enfuing Tryal; yet he obtain-
high treason a- ed the affignation of Councel, and a Sollicitor for the better managing his de-
gainst the Earl fence.
of Strafford,
be is committed
The Biſhop of Lincoln contrariwife was releaſed out of the Tower; and Mr.
and Sir George Pryn, Dr. Baftwick, and Mr. Burton returned from their kind of baniſhment in
Ratcliff Jent great pomp and bravery, (attended by many hundreds on Horſeback, with
for out of Ire boughs in their hands, to London) for the Tide was turned, and ran ftrong the
land.
Dr. Williams
Biſhop of Lin-
Dr. Baftwick
and Mr. Bur-
other way.
In the interim, the Lord Keeper Finch, and Sir Francis Windebank Secretary of
coln released, State, both charged with no less than High Treaſon, wifely withdrew them-
Mr. Pryn, felves into Forein parts, and weathered the ftorm that would have funk them.
One John James, the Son of Sir Henry James of Feverſham in Kent, and of
ton received by the Romish Religion, audaciously adventured to ftab Mr. Howard a Juftice of
the Londoners Peace, in Westminster-Hall; the faid Mr. Howard being about to deliver to the
in pomp.
Committee for Religion a Catalogue of fuch Recufants as were within his li-
berty.
Sir John
Finch Lord
Keeper, and
The Houfe of Commons now Voted the Affeſment of Ship-mony(about which
Francis
there had been fo much ado, and fo many contefts) together with the Opinions.
Windebanck
of the Judges, and the Writs for it, and the judgment of the Exchequer a-
Secretary of
State charged gainſt Mr. Hambden, to be all illegal and the Arguments of the two Juftices,
with high trea- Crook and Hutton,fhewing the illegality thereof, to be Printed; and alfo order-
Son, they with- ed a Charge of High-Treafon to be drawn up againſt eight others of the Judg-
es. Which bufinefs of Ship-money being made fo acceffary to our enfuing
Romish Catho- Troubles, I have thought fit to infert thefe Records concerning the fame.
The Cafe, as it was ſtated by the King to the Judges
drew.
John James a
lique ftabs Fu-
fice Howard
in Weftmin-
fter-Hall
The Cafe of
Shipmoney
flated.
nions there-
upon.
CHARLES
WH
REX
Hen the good and Safety of the Kingdom in general is con-
cerned, and the whole Kingdom in danger, Whether may not
the King by Writ under the Great Seal of England, command all the
Subjects in this Kingdom at their charge to provide and furnish
fuch number of ships, with Men, Victual, and Munition, and for
Such a time as he shall think fit, for the defence and Safeguard of
the Kingdom from fuch danger and peril, and by Law compel the do-
ing thereof, in cafe of refufal and refractoriness? And whether in
Such cafes the King is not fole Judge both of the danger, and when
and how the fame is to be prevented and avoided?
Ay
Their Opinions.
The Judges opi- May it pleaſe your moſt excellent Majesty, we have according to your Majeſties
command ſeverally and every man by himself, and all of us together, taken
into ſerious confideration the Cafe and Questions, figned by your Majesty, and en-
clofed in your Letter; And we are of opinion, that when the good and safety of the
Kingdom in general is concerned, and the whole Kingdom in danger, your Majesty
may by Writ under the great Seal of England command all the Subjects of this your
Kingdom at their charge to provide and furniſh ſuch a number of Ships, with men,
victual, and munition, and for fuch time as your Majesty shall think fit, for the de-
fence and fafeguard from fuch a danger and peril, and that by law your Majeſty
may compel the doing thereof in cafe of refusal or refractoriness. And we are alfo
of opinion, that in fuck cafe your Majesty is fole Judge both of the danger, and when
and how the fame is to be prevented and avoided.
This was figned by all the Judges but Juftice Hutton and Juftice Crook,
whoſe Arguments were againſt it for Mr. Hambden, who was fued for
not paying the Twenty Shillings Taxed upon him for Shipmoney.
1&
Decem-
1
1640.
17
England, Scotland and Ireland.
D'
vated ille-
gal.
Ecember 27th, 1640. Refolved by the Commons, that the Charge impos'd shipmoney
upon the ſubjects for the providing and furniſhing of Ships, and the Alles-
ments for that purpoſe, commonly called Shipmoney, are against the Laws of the
Realm, the Subjects right of property, and contrary to former refolutions in Par-
liament, and to the Petition of Right.
Reſolved, That the Extrajudicial opinions of the Judges published in the Star-
bamber, and inrolled in the Courts of Weſtminſter, are in whole and in every
part of them against the Laws of the Realm, the Liberty of the Subject. &c.
This was allo fo refolved by the Lords, and by the Parliament ordered, That
a Vacat be brought into the Parliament-bouſe of all thoſe Records concerning Ship-
money. Which was accordingly done, February 27. the fame Year, the 16
of the King.
U
Die Veneris 26 die Februarii, 1640.
vacated.
Pon the report of the right honourable the Lords Committees appointed to confi
der of the way of vacating of the Judgment in the Exchequer concerning
Ship money; It was ordered by the Lords Spiritual and temporal in the High Court
of Parliament aſſembled, that the Lord Keeper, or the Master of the Rolls, the two
Lord chief Justices, and the Lord chief Baron, and likewife the chief Clerk of the
Star-chamber, shall bring into the Upper Houfe of Parliament the Record in the The Judgment
Exchequer of the Judgment in Mr. Hambdens cafe concerning Shipmoney, and aifo of the Exche-
the ſeveral Rolls in each ſeveral Court of the Kings-Bench, Common-Pleas, Ex qur ogant
chequer, Star-chamber, and Chancery, wherein the Judges extrajudicial Opinions Mr. Hambden
in the Cafes made touching Shipmoney be entreds and that a Vacat ſhall be made in
the Upper House of Parliament of the faid feveral Records. And likewife the
Fudgment of Parliament touching the illegality of the faid Judgments in the Exche-
quer, and the proceedings thereupon, and touching the illegality of the extrajudi-
cial Opinions of the Judges in the faid feveral Courts concerning Shipmoney, be an-
nexed and apostiled unto the fame: And that a Copy of the Judgment of Parliament
concerning the illegality of the faid Judgment in the Exchequer, and the faid ex-
trajudicial Opinions of the faid Judges concerning Shipmoney, be delivered to the
feveral Judges of the Affize: And that they be required to publish the fame at the
Affizes in each feveral County within their Circuits, and to take care that the ſame
be Entred and Enrolled by the feveral Clerks of Aſſizes. And if any entry be made
by any Cuſtos Rotulorum, or Clerk of Aſſize, of the faid Judgment in the Ex-.
chequer, or of the faid Extrajudicial Opinions of the Judges, That ſeveral Vacats.
be made thereof per judicium in Paliamento, by judgment in Parliament. And
that an Act of Parliament be prepared againſt the ſaid Judgment and extrajudicial
Opinions in the proceedings touching Shipmoney.
Vacatur iftud Recordum & Judicium inde habitum per confiderationem
& judicium Dominor. fpiritual. & temporal. in Parliam. & irrotulamentum co-
rum Cancellatur.
The two Juices Arguments alſo against it were likewife Printed and pub-
lished.
1
the Scots do the
Mr. Hollis
They likewife ordered a Committee to draw up a Charge againſt the Archbi- delivers a
fhop of Canterbury; which was done, and delivered to the Lords by Mr. Hollis, Charge against
which was feconded with another from the Scots Commiffioners: upon which the A.B. Cant.
he was committed to the black Rod, and ten weeks after voted guilty of High like: be is vo-
treaſon, and fent to the Tower.
tea guilty of
The Parliament having thus removed theſe men, and growing every day high treason,
more and more upon the affections of the people, they began to hammer upon
E
the
and committed-
18
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
The King Signs the Bill for Triennial Paliaments, which foon after paffed both Houfis; and to
the Bill for the univerſal content of the Kingdom, was figned by his Majelty, for which
the Parliament, by the Lord Littleton Keeper of the great Seal, gave him their
moft humble and hearty thanks.
Triennial Par-
liaments.
The Houſes op-
pofe Bishops
temporal jurif
diction.
The Earl of
Straffords
Try al.
Sir David
Fowls and Sir
William Pen-
nyman wit-
neffes against
the Earl, the
Laft of whom
wipt.
Some former Overtures and Propofitions had been made by the Dutch Am-
baffadors of a Marriage between the Princefs Mary the Kings eldett Daughter,
and William Prince of Aurange; which upon the arrival of the faid Prince,
was afterwards accomplished, being well approved of by both Houses by
the lower whereof, a Vote paſſed againit Biſhops temporal jurifdiction, which
was afterwards framed into an Act, paffed the Lords, and was confirmed by
the King, who in all things (faving his Honour and Confcience) complyed
with the defires of this Parliament.
Now came the Earl of Straffords Tryal, which after various debates about
the Place, was appointed in Weſtminſter-Hall: the King, Queen, and Prince,
had a place built for them; the Nobility had feats at the upper end of the
Court the Commons in a Committee fate below; ſeveral of whom,
as Mr. Pym, Mr. St. John, and others, managed his Accufation: the Earl of
Arundel was Lord High Steward, and the Earl of Lindſey Lord High Conſta-
ble. The Charge or Impeachment confifted of Twenty eight Articles; all
which he fo learnedly and warily answered, defending himfelf with fuch
finewy Eloquence, and warded the points of his accufation fo dexterously, that
the Lords could not find the guilt which the Commons ſo highly exclaimed a-
gainft, as the greateſt treaſon imaginable.
Among other witneffes, Sir David Fowles, and Sir William Pennyman ap-
peared against the Earl; the firft of whom the Earl declared was his enemy,
and the latter, a Member of the Houfe; of whom it was obferved, that having
testifyed against the Earl, he could not abftain from weeping.
Anno Dom. 1641.
$
The Comtenfélves to
He Commons feeing they could not condemn him by this proceeding, they
betook themſelves to another, by Bill of Attainder; which conceding the
matter of Fact fufficiently proved againſt him at his Tryal, and by the Teftimo-
ny alſo of the Parliament of Ireland, who had profecuted him there for thè
He is condemn- faid offences, condemned him as guilty of high treafon. This Bill ftuck for a
ed as guilty of while with the Lords, till the Tumults coming down and ftopping their
high treaſon. Coaches, and menacing to polt up the names of thoſe who favoured him un-
The faction der the name of Straffordians, with an impetuous cry of Justice, frighted
make a hideous many of the Peers to affent to the Bill, which yet paffed but by the plurality of
cry of Fuftice. leven voices against him. No fooner was it paft there, but the Commons pre-
The King with
fented it to the King for him to fign; who very much declined it: but being
much relu-
over-perfwaded by the dangers that were reprefented as inevitable confequents
of his refufal, and being alfo defired by the faid Noble Earl himſelf to give
the Parliament content, though through the mediation of his own blood;
His Majeſty after advice with the Biſhops, did paſs that fatal Bill, which pro-
ved the Ax against his own life.
ancy figns the
Bill of At-
tainder.
I cannot paſs the Tragedy of this excellent States-man, without a very nota-
A notable re- ble remarque, which hath received credit from the mouthes of many honora-
ning Sir Alex- ble perfons; twas this: At the time of the paffing the Bill of Attainder in the
ander Carew. Houfe of Commons, Sir Bevil Greenvile, and Sir Alexander Carew, fitting
marque concer-
together, they both ferving for the fame County of Cornwall, Sir Bevil beſpoke
Sir Alexander in fuch-like words: Pray Sir let it not befaid, that any member of
our County ſhould have a hand in this ominous bufinefs, and therefore pray give your
Vote against this Bill. To whom the other inftantly replyed: If I were fure to
be the next man that ſhould ſuffer upon the fame Scaffold, with the fame Ax, I
would give my consent to the paffing of it. And we have feen how exactly and in
every
1641.
19
England, Scotland and Ireland.
every circumftance this prefagious faying of his was afterwards verified and ac-
compliſhed.
It is obfervable, moreover, that none of all the Bishops that were adviſed Thole Bishops
with by the King, in reference to his fatisfaction concerning the Earls death, that confented
eſcaped the fury of that Parliament and the times; he only excepted, as the to the Earls
death e/caped
King himſelf notes in his Book, who counſelled him by no means, not for not the fury of
any confiderations or reafon of State or Time whatſoever, to act againſt his con- the times.
fcience; but that obeying the Dictates thereof, he ſhould refer the Iffueto
God which Coinfel had it been followed, doubtleſs thoſe miſeries which en-
fued preſently after had, never befallen him nor his Kingdomes; the Earl being
indeed one of the chief Pillars and Bafis of his Authority and Government,
without whoſe ruine the Grandees of the Faction knew they could not effect or
accompliſh any things fuch an abfolute, rare, honeft, and loyal maſter-piece of
Reaſon and Prudence, (fo much ſtrength of ſpirit to quicken his undertakings
joyned therewith) the age prefent faw not, and well will it be for the next if it
may compare and parallel him. Thus far to the memory of his moft ufeful life;
we muft alfo parentate fomething to his lamented and moft caufelefs death, from
which, as we ſhall fee in the conclufion of this Hiftory, he had a moft honoura-
ble Refurrection here.
On Sunday May 2. was folemnized at Court the marriage between the young Prince of
Prince of Orange and the Princeſs Mary.
Orange war-
cefs Mary.
Before we attend the Earl to the Stage, it will not be unworthy the Readers ries the Prin-
patience,
to obferve Sir Dudley Carleton, the Earls Secretary, bringing him the sir Dudley
news of the Kings paffing the Bill of Attainder: the Earl believing the King Carleton the
would not have done it, arofe from his chair, and lifting up his eyes to Heaven, Earis Secreta-
clapt his hand upon his heart, and faid, Put not your trust in Princes, nor in the
fons of men, for in them there is no falvation.
A defign was laid for his eſcape, if we may believe Sir William Balfore Lieu-
tenant of the Tower at that time, whofe report upon examination was, that the
Earl fent for him four days before his fuffering, and endeavoured to perfwade
him to connive at his eſcape, promifing to reward him with twenty thousand
pounds, and his Daughter in marriage to Balfores Son. The faid-Balfore ſay-
ing further, that he was commanded to admit Captain Billingsley to march in-
to the Fewer with an hundred men, for the better fecuring of the place; but
the ſaid Billingsley coming he was denyed entrance by Balfore: whereupon the
Earl expoftulates with the Lieutenant, of the danger of oppofing the Kings
command; Balfore answering, that a defign of his eſcape was difcovered by
three good-wives of Tower-street, that peeping in at the key-hole of his door,
they faw him walking with Billingsley, and heard them advifing thereon, and
of a Ship to be in readiness for him below the River.
}
ry brings him
word of his
Majeftres ba-
ving paffed the
Bill of At
tainder.
moires.
On the 8th of May, 1641. the faid Earl was brought to the Scaffold or
Tower-Hill, where were prefent fome of the Nobility, Sir George Wentworth
his Brother, and the Archbishop of Armagh,to whom principally he directed his
Speech (which being fo publique, and tranfmitted by fo many pens, cannot Life in Mr.
certainly fail pofterity) and with much Chriftian refolution, was offered there Lloyds Me-
as a Sacrifice to popular fury, heightned and enraged by the artifices and de-
figns of fome innovating principal Leaders to the following breaches and Rebel-
lion. To fum up all our mifery in the total of this noble perfon, the fame day
the King figned the Bill for his Execution, he figned alſo another for the con-
tinuing of this Parliament till they ſhould diffolve themſelves; the only lafting
monument of all our troubles.
The Scots having thus obtained their aims against this honourable perfon, The Engliſh
whom they termed the enemy of their Country, and having received a vaft Army disband,
fum of money (blood, and the price of blood together) were now pleafed up the Scotch re-
ceive a vaſt
on the disbanding of the English Army, to march home and disband alſo, as
was before intimated; having firft obtained of his Majefty a grant to be prefent and return
Sum of money,
at the next fitting of their Parliament at Edinburgh; which his Majefty conde- home.
E 2
fcended The King via
20
Part
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
fits bis Parlia- fcended to, and in August came thither, having before his departure conftituted
ment of Edin- the Earl of Leicester Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, in the place of the Earl of
burgh.
The Earl of Strafford; but through the Rebellion, and other contingencies and reaſons of
Leiceſter made State falling out, he never went over in that quality, though preparations were
Lord Lieutenant made both here and there in order to his Government.
of Ireland.
• On the ſeventeenth of May, divers of the Kings chiefeft Officers of State, fear-
ing they might likewiſe be ſubject to the ſame deſtructive change with the Earl
of Strafford, refigne their places; viz. The Lord Cottington Mafter of the
Wards, to the Lord Say.
Doctor Juxon then Bishop of London, refignes his office of Treaſurer of
England, to five Commiffioners.
Marquels Hertford was alfo fworn governour to the Prince, in the ftead of the
Earl of Newcastle.
}
The Earl of Pembroke difplaced from being Lord Chamberlain of the Kings
Houfhold, and the Earl of Effex ordered to fucceed him.
Upon the Kings going for Scotland, the Parliament was Adjourned till the
The Parliament 20 of October; during which recefs, and his Majefties abfence, the ill humours
adjourned. of diſcontents gathered amain. The Faction was ftrengthened at home, by
The faction en-
open and avowed correfpondencies, which became publique in menaces and
creaſeth and
grows strong. threatnings againſt the remaining diforders and abufes in the Government. The
Ax had but tafted of that blood, of which it foon after glutted it felf; all perfons
of all Ranks and Conditions, King, Archbiſhop, Duke, Marquefs, Earls, Lords,
Knights, Gentlemen, Minifters, Mechanicks, fuffering under its edge. A re-
markable thing, the parallel of it being no where in our Engliſh Chronicles:
But fo the Noble Earl of Straffords blood was expiated, and his innocency atten-
ded with the like victimes.
The King Set-
tles the affairs
of Scotland.
Ireland.
The Parliament now met together after their adjournment, the King being
ftill in Scotland, where he fo ordered affairs by his indulgence and bounty, that
it was verily thought upon his departure, he had not left a malecontent in that
Kingdom: to the confirmation of which opinion, the Scots were not wanting
themſelves; it being their complement, grown to a publique expreffion, that
bis Majesty departed a contented King, from a contented people.
The Parliament at Westminster had fcarce yet fat in a full Houfe from their Ad-
journment, curiously prying into the Errors and male-Adminiſtration of the
Government here, but the fearful news came of a horrid Rebellion broke forth
A Rebellion in in Ireland. It feems no fooner that careful diligent eye of the Earl of Strafford
was firſt diftorted by the Scotch affairs, and after put out and extinguiſhed by
the Engliſh envy, but the Iriſh reſumed their wonted defires after liberty, which
they never yet attempted upon a lefs foundation than a total Maffacre, and ut-
ter extirpation of the Engliſh in that Kingdom; ſo that in effect, however the
Parliament threw the odium of that Rebellion there upon the King, Queſtion-
lefs it can be no where imputable ab extra, from without, but from their un-
warrantable proceeding againſt the ſaid Earl, whofe name and prefence alone
would have been fufficient to have prevented it, or his wifdom and power able
to have fuppreffed it.
This affrighting news when the Kingdom was already in a trepidation, la-
bouring with its own fears and pretended dangers, foon brought the King from
The King re-
turns from
Scotland, with all poffible hafte to London; where, notwithstanding thoſe trou-
Scotland, and bles, he was moft welcomly, and as magnificently entertained; the Citizens on
is magnificent- Horfeback with Gold-chains, and in their feveral Liveries, in Rayles placed
ly received at
along the ftreets, chearfully receiving him; the fober part of the Nation not
London.
valuing the Irith troubles, if the King and his Parliament fhould but happily
agree: if the breaches could be but clofed bere, there was no doubt of ftanching
the wound there. But it was otherwiſe meant by the faction, who added that
conflagration as fuel to this; fuggeſting to the multitude, that what was acted
againſt the Proteftants there, was likewife intended to be put in Execution
here; the Authors of one, being alfo fo of the other; finifterly traducing
the
1
1641.
21
England, Scotland and Ireland.
****
and Arch-B.
pery.
Walker an
the King as inclining to Popery, which they point-blank charged upon the The faction
Archbishop of Canterbury, which imputa tion diffuſed it felf afterwards
Landerously
upon charge the King
the whole Order.
This torrent of the multitude was fwelled fo high, even at this reception of Cant. with in-
the King, that one Walker an Iron-monger, as his Majefty paſſed from Guild-Hall clining to Po-
(where he was moſt ſumptuously feafted at the City-charge, Sir Richard Gurney
being then Mayor) threw into his Coach a fcandalous Libel, Intituled, To your Iron-monger
Tents, O Ifrael: which indignity the King complained of, and thereupon Wal- throws a Libit
ker was put in Prifon; yet afterwards he Libelled a great deal worfe, both in into the Kings
Prefs and Pulpit. But fince the fettlement of the Church, he procured a law- Coach; be is
ful Ordination. I mention this man, as the fhame of that zealotry which fo tu- S Richard
riously commenced this unnatural War.
7
Sir
don.
revolted: Sir
Gurney Lord
The first bufinefs tranfacted with the King by the two Houſes, was an ac- Mayor of Lon-
count of the Irish Rebellion; the King having acquainted them in a ſhort
Speech of his compoſure of the Scotch troubles, and foon after conjuring them
to joyn with him in the fpeedy fuppreffing of the Irish, whofe dangers grew Most of the
every day greater, Jobs Meffengers perpetually bringing over worfer and worf- Irish Nobility
er news from that Kingdom, where most of the Nobility were confederated Phelim Oneal
in that horrid revolt, having made Sir Phelim Oneal (the chief of the family their chief com-
of Tyrone, the late famous Rebel there in the latter part of the Raign of Queen mander.
Elizabeth, and bred in Lincolns-Inn, and then a Proteftant, but turned• a
bloody Papiſt, though a molt ſneaking and filly Coward) the fupreme Com-
mander of their Forces, which then were raiſed in great numbers throughout
all the Provinces.
Deep waters run ftilleft, and with the leaft noife; fo was it with this Plot. It A full account
was very ſtrange that a defigne of ſuch vaftnefs, of fo great miſchief and hor- of the Irish
rour, fhould be concealed among a multitude that were concerned in it: But Rebellion, and
proceedings of
this devilish fecrecy was imputable onely to the ancient irreconciliable malice of the war there.
the Iriſh againſt the Engliſh, whofe yoke fundry times they had attempted to
ſhake off; not for any oppreffion they were under, but out of a natural defire
of being Lords and Mafters of their own liberty. But nevertheless it pleated
God that it came in the very nick of the execution of their Plot to be revealed
by one of that Nation, or otherwife that Kingdom had been in danger to be loſt,
as Sicily was from the French, by a fudden maffacre.
The chief Inftrument in carrying on this horrible Plot, was one Roger Moor, Roger Moor
defcended of an ancient Iriſh family, but allyed to moft of the Gentlemen of the chief in-
the Engliſh Pale: He made feveral journeys into all the four Provinces of this frument in the
piot.
Kingdom, communicating his intelligences from forrain Popish Courts, and the
tranfactions of their Priefts and Fryars there, to the encouragement of this
Revolt.
The Lord I'if-
Count Gor-
Another of the greateft confidents and complices in this defigne, was the
Lord Viſcount Gormanston, of the English Pale, which generally fided with the
Rebels, (as being inoculated into Irish ftocks, and were Papifts generally) manston one
though againſt all opinion of the Council, for that they had been fuch enemies of their com-
to the Earl of Tyrone, in his grand Rebellion. But the menacing speeches, and plices.
denunciations of the English Parliament againſt Papiſts in both Kingdoms,
eſpecially in this, where they threatned a total extirpation, cannot be denyed
to be one, if not the principal cauſe why they made this defection from their
Country and Allegiance.
The 23 of October was the day pitcht upon for the general rifing; and the
Lord Macguire, Col. Mac Mahon, Col. Plunket, and Capt. Fox, Hugh Birn
and Roger Moor, were appointed for the feizure of Dublin-Caftle; which would
at once have done their work: thoſe perfons (with a competent number of
men to their affiftance) came one day before to Town, and had conference to-
gether at the Lyon-Tavern near Copper-Ally, where one Omen O Conally an
Iriſh Gentleman, but a retainer to Sir John Clotworthy, was admitted, and by
Mac Mahon informed of the confpiracy. After a large drinking to their next
mornings
22
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
the Plot.
Fultice Par-
fons and Sir
Jo. Borlace
double their
watches.
Owen O Co- mornings fuccefs, O Conally privily repaired to the Lord Juftice Parfons, (to
nally diſcovers whom, and Sir John Borlace the other Juftice, the Government was commit-
ted after my Lord Straffords death: The Lord Dillon was likewife named and
conſtituted; but to avoid the jealoufie, and grudgings thereat, the King had
difauthorized him) and very difturbedly and confufedly, by reafon of the drink,
and his horrour at the ftory, revealed the chiefcft part of it. It was thereupon
adviſed by the faid Lord Juftice, for a fuller and certainer account, to fend
him back again to the faid Mac Mahon, commanding him to return that night
again to him, which he did from the faid Tavern and company (who would
have kept him there all night) by pretending to cafe himſelf; and thence leap-
ing over a wall and a fet of pales into the ftreets.
Mac Mahon
and Mac-
Guire, their
Lodgings
watched.
Mac Mahon
Stance are fech-
In the mean time the Lord Juftice Parfons went to the Lord Borlaces houfe,
and there affembled a Council, by the coming of Sir Thomas Rotheram, and Sir
Robert Meredith; who refolved first to attend the return of O Conally, who in
his way to them had been feized by the Watches, which by the order of Justice
Parfons had been doubled and reinforced, and the Caftle of Dublin manned
and guarded very ftoutly. But by the diligence of one of the Lord Parſons (ex-
vants, who was fet exprefly to walk the streets, and attend the motion of Co-
nally, he was found in the Conſtables hands, and brought before them, where
being recovered from his diftemper, he gave a perfect narrative of the Treaſon
intended; and that when the Confpitators had gotten the Caftle and the Ammu-
nition and Stores, &c. they would batter the Chimneys, and then the Houſes of
the Town, till it yielded, and then kill all the Proteftant Inhabitants; and
that the like would be executed the fame time in all parts of the Kingdom.
Upon this diſcovery, the Lords ordered the Lodgings of Mac Mahon and
Mac Guire to be fet and watched; but upon further advice, they fent before
day and ſeized Mac Mahon. He and his man at first made ſome refiftance with
drawn ſwords; but ſeeing he was overpowred,yeilded, and being brought before
the Council, confeffed the whole Plot, adding, that it was impoffible for them
and his men af- to prevent it; and that it was true, they had him in their
they had him in their power, and might
ter ſome refi-
ufe him as they pleafed, but he was fure he ſhould be revenged. He was the
Grandfon of the Rebel Tyrone. The Lord Macguire was next feized; but the
other four got away in the dark, by the aid of fome of the Townſmen and
of all thofe that came up in numbers to the City, and left their horfes in the Su-
burbs, of which the Council had notice betimes, and ſeized ſome of them,
and got notice thereby of the owners, there were not (by the flack purſuit of
the Inhabitants) above thirty, (and thoſe fervants, and inconfiderable per-
fons) that were taken. Mac Guire and Mac Mabon were committed to the cu-
ftody of the Conftable of the Caftle.
red, and con-
feß the Plot.
The Lord Mac-
guire feized.
The Council
The fame day, October 23. the Councel emitted a Proclamation, giving no-
marn the people tice of the Rebellion, raiſed by ſome evil affected Iriſh Papists: which character, at
of the Rebellion the inttance of the Lords of the Engliſh Pale, and to give them content, in
by Proclama- whofe Loyalty at prefent refted the hope of the Kingdom, was changed into
tion.
this diſcrimination, The evil affected of the old Irish in the Province of Ulfter.
But notwithſtanding,foon after they abfolutely declared themfelves for the
Rebels, having by their temporizing in this manner, gained a great quantity of
Arms from Dublin, and then refuſed to appear there at the fummons of the
Council, giving themſelves the name of the Confederate Catholick Army.
The fame night, the 23 of October, the Lord Blawey arrived at Dublin with
The Lord
Blaweys House,
the news of the furprizal of his Houſe, Wife and Children by the Rebels of the
wife and Chil- County of Monaghan; and the day after, Sir Arthur Tyrringham brought
dren furprised. news of the fuprizal of the Newry; which was feconded with notice of the
The Newry fur-like feifure of Fort Montjoy, Carlemont, Tonrages, Carick, Mac-Rofs, Cloughouter,
prized, with
feveral other and Caſtle of Monagban, being all of them places of confiderable ſtrength, be-
places of fides a multitude of other Houſes of ftrength, Caftles and Towns filled with
Strength. Britiſh Inhabitants, who by immuring themſelves, and not joyning in a Body,
were ruined eaſily one after another, whereas otherwife they might have been
able
}
1641.
2}
England, Scotland and Ireland,
able to have defeated this barbarous Enemy. Thefe fucceffes were obtained under The Rebels take
the enfigns and Conduct of Sir Phelim O Neal,Turlough O Neal his brother, Rory Dundalk, be-
Mac Guire Brother to the Lord Mac Guire, Philip O Rely, Mulmore O Rely, Sir fige Tredagh.
They commit
Conne Gennys, Col. Mac Brian, and Mac Mabon, who with their torces advancing horrid Miſſa.
Southwards, took in Dundalk, and beſieged Tredagh; the Lords of the Pale cres in fundry
publiquely joyning with them, Viſcount Gormanstone being made Lord General places.
thereof; Hugh Birn Lieutenant General, and the Earl of Fingale General of
the Horfe. Every day and hour came Tydings of the moſt horrid maffacres
committed in the Counties of Down, Fermanagh, Monaghan, Antrim, and
Armagh: thoſe that eſcaped to the Sea-Towns, the Inland being all loft, pe-
rithing there by their hard and starving march, both hungry and naked, and
peftring the few Garrifons of Colrain, Carick fergus and London-Derry; and of
the multitude of thofe that got to Dublin, not one in five furvived the want
and tire of their journey; infomuch that fome being over-driven by the Rebels,
have been forced to leave their Infants and young Children in the High-ways,
which were knocked on the head by them. Nor was this calamity all; fuch as
got fhipping for England were moft of them drowned, and others three
moneths at Sea, the winter and that feafon of the year was fo rude and tem-
peftuous; while the Rebels gloried in their fucceffes and cruelties, and this ex-
traordinary diſpleaſure of the Almighty towards theſe their cauflefs Adver-
faries.
drowned.
at Dur dalk.
That I may not pafs this doleful fubject without fome particular teftimony of
their barbaroufnefs, I will inttance that inhumane murder at Portnedown Bridg,
where in the very beginning of the Rebellion at feveral times they forced 1800 1800 Pons
men, women and children with pikes and haiberts off that Bridge into the Ri-
ver, and drowned them all: foon after which, there were fuch ghaftly appari-
tions feen, and fuch fereeches of revenge heard, that the frith inhabitants were
forced to remove their Creats or Hovels out of the dreadful noife and clamor
thereof. In fum, there was never fuch a Diabolical Fury, Treachery and Per-
fidioufnefs in the world, which confumed in five moneths time no lefs then
150000 perfons; nay, fome good Authors have reckoned more in that one Pro- scooc P.r-
vince of Uliter. Six Phelim O Neal & his party cruelly upon their defeat at Dundalk fons deftroved
and other places, wreaking their revenge upon fuch innocent perfons, as from in the Province
of Uifter only
the beginning of the Rebellion they had kept in miferable durance and captivity. in five months
Dublin was now in great freights and fights; which the miferies of thofe time.
poor Wretches that made it their refuge, rendred more difmal. The whole Sir Phelim
Iriſh Army confifted but of 2000 Foot and 1000 Horfe, and fo dif-joyned, that
Oneal defeated
there was as much danger of embodying them, as ftaying there where they Dublinia great
were, (for ſeven Companies of Foot had been loft, with their Garrisons, al- frights.
ready, to the Rebels, most of the Souldiers being Irish. Nor was there any
money in the Treafury; onely 3000 l. deftined to pay a publick debt in Eng-
land, was ſtopt for preſent uſes by which means a Regiment was raiſed for Sir
· Henry Titchburn, to reinforce the Garrison of Tredagh, into which the Lord Moord Regiment
now Earl thereof had opportunely put himſelf with hi froop of Horfe; for railed for Sir
the Townſmen were falfe and wavering: Sir Henry arrived fafe thither in two another for Sir
days march from Dublin, November the 4th. Another Regiment was raifed for Charles Coor.
Sir Charles Coot, who was to be Governour of the City, now in great fear Expreſſes fent
and defpair; for the Rebels were near it on every fide: this Regiment was to the King,
made up moftly of thofe men who came ftript and defpoiled out of the North, tenant, and the
and who lived to fee themſelves revenged of the Irifh. Applications were like- Parliament.
wife made, and Expreffes fent to the King, then in Scotland; to the Lord
Lieutenant the Earl of Leicester, and both Houfes of Parliament at Westminster,
who readily voted a potent relief; but by their debates and quarrels with the
King, on purpoſe retarded it, till all was near loft in that Kingdom; the
envy whereof they loaded upon his Majefty, than whom no Prince could e-
ver be more affected with the fadnefs of fuch a calamity, I may not omit that
Owen O Conally, who was fent with the exprefs to the Parliament, was rewarded
by
H. Titchburn,
the Lord Lien-
24
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Owen O Co- by them according to the defire of the Council of Ireland with 200 l. in money,
nally rewarded and 200 l. a year penſion, till lands of inheritance could be ſetled on him.
mith 200 1. in
per anum.
The Earl of
Ormond Lieu.
Gen. marched
to Dublin with
divers other
Captains.
The Earl of Ormond was now marched to Dublin, with the title of Lieu-
money, and a
pension of 2001. tenant-General; and a Troop of 100 Curiafiers compleatly armed; Sir Tho-
mas Lucas, and Captain Armstrong, old Souldiers, and Captain Tarner, arrived
out of England, as did Col. Crawford, for whom a Regiment was raiſed, as
Troops for the other; 600 Foot had been alfo provided under the conduc of
Major Roper, to march as Recruits to Tredagh, at the inftance of the Gover-
nour; and accordingly on the 27th of November they begun this fhort Expedi-
tion, accompanied with 50 Horfe of the Earl of Ormonds under Sir Patrick
Weems, but by ill conduct, and loytering in the way, and the unexpertness of
thofe raw foot-Souldiers, they were of a ſudden in a miſt attaqued by a body of
the Rebels near Julian Town-bridg, and there being deferted by the horse,
moſt ſhamefully routed; three of the Captains with all the Engliſh, except
100 that efcaped with Major Roper to Drogheda, being cut off: The news
with 600 Foot whereof arrived to the Governour, juft as he was returned from the place of
his difappointed meeting with them the day before, by reafon of their delayed
advance.
Major Roper
to Tredagh.
with 50 Horfe
under Sir Pat.
Weems, fur-
prized by the
Rebels and
routed.
Proud with this fuccefs, as with the taking of Mellefont houſe, the Manſion
of the Lord Moor, which had been foutly defended, they made lure of Tredagb,
and drew their forces about it; whereas had they marched for Dublin, where
they had too many friends, and whence Sir Charles Coot was marched into the
County of Wicklow to reprefs the infolencies of the Birns and Tools towards
the poor Englith, from whom they had taken Carews fort, and poffeffed them-
felves of the chief Gentlemens houfes; they might have carried both places.
At Wicklow Sir Charles executed fome murderous Irifh; but being called to
Dublin, he was encountred by Luke Tool, and 1000 Irish, whom he quickly made
Wicklo. Luke run into a Bog, with fome lols, and came ſafe home.
Some Rebels
executed at
Tool encoun
ters Sir Charls
is
Coote, and
put to flight.
The Lords and
Gentry of the
English Pale
declare for the
Roman Catho-
lick Religion.
The Rebels in
Lemfter
20000 strong,
Sir Simon
rives with a
Regiment at
Tredagh.
Now the Lords and Gentry of the Engliſh Pale plainly difcovered them-
felves, and, as is touched before, affifted in the fiege of Tredagh; and thereby
Lemfter and Ulfter became United in this Rebellion, in which Munster was not
engaged till December. (At this time alfo they emitted their Declaration,
wherein they declared for the exercife of the Roman Catholick Religion, their
Rights and Priviledges, and the Kings Prerogative; and juſtified their taking
arms to thofe purpoſes, by the example of the Scots, who had obtained their
demands thereby: And next, they prefume to face Dublin, theatning to encamp
at Clantarfe very near the Harbour thereof, which they intended to ftop from
receiving any fuccours, but at the approach of Sir Charles Coot they fled thence,
and the Town was pillaged, and fome part burnt, for that they had robbed a
Barge, and fome of the goods were found in Mr. Kings houfe, who with Luke
Nettervil, and others had now encamped themfelves again at Swords within fix
miles of Dublin with 20000 men, and had poffeffed the Caftle of Artain and
other places within two miles thereof: At Caftle-Lyons and Rath there lay 2000
more, who came out of Caterlagh, Kings County and Kildare, under Roger Moor.
This was on the Eade: on the South-fide lay the Birnes and the Tools, who
had lodged themſelves in Caftles near the Sea-ſide, and fome Villages at the foot
of the Mountains, ſo that their Forces now in Lemfter amounted to 20000 men.
About this time the Naas and Kildare were taken, as were Trim and Abbey in
the County of Meath, by the Rebels; and no better news was to be hoped for
or expected: befides, now the market of Dublin could not be ſupplied, the ene-
my every where fo encompaffed it.
1
Tredagh nevertheleſs held out gallantly, till the arrival of Sir Simon Harcourt
Harcourt ar- with his Regiment out of England, and fome fupplies of money; and more men
and arms were daily expected; which deceiving the opinion of the Rebels, fo
difheartned them, after many fruitless attemps made upon that Town, that they
broke up their fiege, and marched Northwards; but in their way Sir Henry
Titchburn fallied out and overtook them, and gave them a defeat; and purſuing
his
i
1641.
25
England, Scotland and Ireland,
?
his fuccefs, recovered Dundalk, again by ſtorm; while Ŝir Phelim O Neal hard- The Rebels are
ly eſcaped over the River, and fled back to Ulfter, where Major-General Sir dishearted,
and defeated by
George Monro, who commanded the Scotch forces (whofe Plantations fared no Sir Henry
better than the English, when the Irish had once maftered ours) lent the Parlia- Titchburn,
ment by agreement at Edinburgh, in revenge of thoſe (poils and maffacres com- who recovered
mitted, made the fame bloody havock and wafte, and in the beginning of the Dundalk.
next year took in and recovered fundry Towns and Caftles, particularly the Neal escapes to
Newry; which, with the like fucceffes of Sir Simon Harcourt and Sir Charles Coot Ulfter: Sir
in Lemſter, had almoſt flag'd the hearts of the Iriſh, and made them willing to George
a Ceffation.
Sir Phelim O
Monro reco-
vers Newry,
Leave we that Kingdom in a forlorn, miferable, bleeding condition, and caft and do's the
an eye homeward. The King foon after his return, to reft and vacate himſelf a Rebels much
little from the toil and burden of buſineſs, retited to Hampton-Court, whence damage.
notwithstanding, the importunity of his affairs ftraight recalled him to his Court
at White-Hall, where he was fundry times tumulted by a numerous rabble out
of London, crying out No Bishops, with other affronting language to the King Tumults from
himſelf, as they paffed by the Court-Gates to Westminster, where Col. Lunsford London af-
(then nominated to be Lieutenant of the Tower, but not confided in by the front the King
Citizens no more than others appointed to that charge, till Sir William Balfour
had poffeffion thereof) and fome other Gentlemen,drew upon them, and wound-
ed fome of them; which fo exafperated them, that the next time they came
down armed,and in greater numbers,to the terror and affrightment of the parts
adjacent to the Court: an ill omen or preſage of thoſe dire revolutions which
followed.
and Court.
the Gentlemen
The beginning of theſe uproars were like themſelves, at firſt tumultuary, and
confifted of the rabble onely'; but the kind reception they found from fome
Parliament-Members, who tacitely encouraged their rude clamours, and ſmiled
upon their numbers, moved Citizens of the beft quality to joyn with thofe Club-
men; and now they began to marſhal their multitudes into rank and File; the
eminent zealots, fome of them Aldermens fellows, being right-hand-men, or
elfe placing themſelves in the intervals like Officers; and upon their return by
night, which was the ufual courſe, carried Links in their hands, like right boute-
feus, to light their Complices and Partakers in this monftrous Riot: So that the
danger appearing in a method and form, the dire prognoftick of Battalia, and
flighting the oppofition of a Corps du Guard erected over againſt Scotland-yard, Sir William
which was maintained by the Trained Bands of St. Clements and St. Martins ; Mafon heads
the Gentlemen of the honourable Society of Grayes-Inne, under the leading of of Grays-Inne
Sir William Mafon, in good order ranked two and two, marched from their ran- to White-Hall,
dezvouz at Covent Garden to White-Hall,and proffered their Loyal Service to the proffering them
King as a Guard to his perfon, against thofe formidable tumults. They were his Majesty as
and bimfelf to
received by the King with all reſpect and acknowledgements of this feaſonable a guard for bis
tender; which manifefted that Law, Reaſon, and Civility were difengaged from perfon.
the Rebellion but the Kings fudden remove diſpenſed with their Duty.
:
The King re-
The King, fenfible from what quiver this Arrow came, and not longer able to ceives them
endure theſe indignities, which he had fo often moved the two Houfes, though the Tumultuons
with respect.
in vain, to prevent or punish, refolved to feize on thofe Grandees who principally rabble connte
abetted thoſe tumults, and alſo had had a deep hand in the Scotch troubles, nanced by ſome
(having intercepted Letters of correfpondence between them and the Covenan Grapes of
ters) the untoward Iffue and Event whereof (as whereby his English Subjects whereat the
the faction,
had prefumed to obtain by tumults the fame demands) lay yet heavyỳ on his King is much
heart, and boded the fame conclufions.
troubled.
Taking therefore with him a Guard of his own domeftick Servants, and ſome
Gentlemen cafually then in the Court, late in one of the Christmas-nights, he He demands
came to the door of the Houſe of Commons, and entred, and demanded five five Members of
members thereof, (as alfo one of the Houfe of Peers, the Lord Kimbolton) the House of
viz. Mr.Pym, Mr. Hambden, Mr. Holles, Mr.Strond, and Sir Arthur Haflerig ; but Commons and
they having notice of the Kings coming to this purpoſe, by one Langrish a Ser- bolton,
F
vant
the Lord Kim-
}
1
1
1
26
The House vote
it a breach of
priviledge.
They accuse fe-
wer al Bishops
as guilty of
bigh Treafon.
They are Com
mitted.
The Irish are
proclaimed
Rebels.
The King de-
clares his
charge against
the five mem-
bers.
The Parliament
impriſons Sir
A Chlonicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
vant of the Queens, had time, and but juft enough, to withdraw themſelves into
Weſtminſter-Hall, where they lay hid in the Kings-bench Court, until the buſineſs
of that night was over, and then betook themſelves into London to the Guild-
Hall, whereto the Houſe not long after adjourned it ſelf in a grand Committee,
for their fafeguard and ſecurity.
This attempt of the King, the Houſe preſently voted a breach of priviledge,
and ran ſo high as to complain of evil Councellours about the King, demanding
the perfons of thoſe who gave that advice to the King: Nay, ſo highly did they
infiſt upon and urge this violation of their freedom, that all the King could do,
gave them no fatisfaction, though he endeavoured to excufe it; fo that it con-
tinued their plea throughout the War: But how it was retaliated upon them
both by themſelves and Oliver, in the ſeveral Exclufions and Forces afterwards
put upon that Houfe, needs no particular indigitation.
Having therefore got this claw againſt the King, they refolve to revenge them-
felves on the Bishops; fome of whom they fufpected to be the chief inftruments
in that buſineſs: Particularly, to gratifie the City, (whom they had wholly
devoted at their ſervice) who might fee the Parliaments readinefs to comply
with their clamours againſt that Venerable Order, Twelve of thefe the Com-
mons accuſed to the Lords as guilty of High Treafon, whereof ten were com-
mitted to the Tower, and two to the Black Rod. At the fame time alfo the Iriſh
were proclaimed Rebels; thirty Proclamations hereof being onely Printed, for
ſome reaſons of State the King referved to himſelf then, though afterwards when
the Parliament among other things taxed him with this, he gave them a full and
fatisfactory answer, as not willing tomake the Irish defperate, and utterly undo
his Proteftant Subjects, who were (as then) far too weak to withſtand ſo potent
a Rebellion, which the King was willing fo far to comply with the Parliament as
to declare it fo. For the number of them,he ſaid it was the requeft of the ſaid
Lords Juftices of Ireland there fhould be but twenty, as many of themfelves well
knew.
Like wife to ſatisfie the Parliament about that buſineſs of the five members,
he now declared his charge againſt them, which conſiſted of ſeveral things rela-
ting to intelligence held with the Scots, while declared Traytors.
That they trayterously endeavoured by many foul Afperfions upon his Majesty and
Government, to alienate the affections of the people, and to make his Majesty odious
to them.
That they trayterously endeavoured to fubvert the fundamental Laws and Go-
vernment of this Kingdom, and to deprive the King of his Regal, and to place on
Subjects an arbitrary and illegal power.
That they endeavoured to draw his Majesties late Army (in the North) to dif
obedience to his Majefties command.
&
That they invited the Scots to invade England.
That they trayterously endeavoured the fubverfion of the rights and very being of
Parliament.
That for the compleating of their trayterous defignes, they have endeavoured as
far as in them lay, by force and terrour to compel the Parliament to joyn with them in
their trayterous defignes, and to that end countenanced and raised the tumults against
the King and Parliament.
That they had trayterously confpired to levy, and had actually levyed war againſt
the King.
This was (as I faid before) declared by the King; but in hopes and order
Edw.Herbert. to accommodation (this courſe being thought a good expedient thereto) was
laid afide, and not profecuted: But the Parliament left it not fo, impriſoning
for a while the Kings Atturney, Sir Edward Herbert, demanding thofe evil Coun-
cellours that gave this advice against the five Members to puniſhment.
The Tumults in
creaſe, and the
King retires
to Hampton
Court.
Herewith the Tumults fo increaſed about White-Hall and Westminster, that
the King, Queen, Prince, and Duke of Yark, were forced for fecurity of their
perfons, to retire to Hampton-Court; being neceffitated to take fufficient forces of
his Courtiers for his guard.
About
1641.
27
England, Scotland and Ireland.
committed.
About this time there was a falfe rumour raiſed, by the Lord Digbies paffing A rumour con-
through Kingston neer London, of a plot to raile Horſe againſt the Parliaments cerning the
whereupon Col. Lunsford then with him, was committed to Priſon, and this
Lord Digby.
Col. Lunsford
ftory improved into a calumny againſt the King.
The Scots now interpofed themſelves betwixt the King and Parliament, The Scots in-
though fiding clearly with the Parliament, having by Treaty agreed with them terpofe them-
to fend over 2500 men into the North of Ireland,upon the English pay. Through Parliament
(elves, the
their thus taking of their parts, the Parliament flew high now in their demands, demands the
requiring the difpofal of the Command of the Tower, and the management of Tower and the
the Militia; which being refuſed, they defifted not, but on the 26 of January Militia.
Petitioned the King for them both; to which the King by ſeveral reaſons an-
fwered in the nagative. Now again they infifted upon it, as alfo upon the bu-
fineſs of the five Members, ftill to exaſperate the people (who cryed out againſt
Popiſh Lords and Biſhops fitting in Parliament) to which the King anſwered
as before,and declared his readineſs to paſs an Act of general Pardon, to take
away all fufpition from the five Members.
Several Petitions were prefented to the Parliament from the Countries about
the forefaid matters, and one from the Buckingham fhire-men to the King him- Buckingham-
ſelf, in vindication of their Countryman Mr. Hambden. To this Petition the tion in behalf
fhire-men peti-
King demur'd, intent onely on the Iriſh buſineſs, whoſe miſeries pierced him to of Mr. Hamb-
the quick, being neither able effectually to relieve them, the Rebels being Ma- den.
fters of the chiefeft places there; nor to put any thing here in a way or forward-
nefs thereto, through the crofs proceedings and difficulties of his affairs here.
The King
The King was departed from Hampton-Court, in company with the Queen Leaves Hamp-
and his Daughter the Princess of Aurange to Dover, to fee them fhipped for Hol- ton-Court,
land. Whither the Queen conveyed away moft of the Crown-Jewels, which
the Queen and
the pledged for money and Arms for the King her Husband, and for which the Aurange take
Princess of
was afterwards voted a Traytor, the Parliament being doing it at her depar- hip for Hol-
ture. Now he returned ſtraight to Greenwich from thence, having the Prince
in his company, to Theobalds. Still the difference widened more and more ac- ment vote the
cording as he removed from London, to which he was importunately defired to Queen a Tray-
return by both Houfes, by the Members thereof who continued fitting; though tor.
the Grandees of the Faction were well contented with what diftance he kept
from them, as rendring their pretended Jealoufies and Fears more and more cre-
dible to the deluded people. From Theobalds, the miſunderſtanding ftill in-
creaſing betwixt the King and two Houſes, he removed North-ward, firſt to
Royston, thence to Newmarket, and in conclufion to York; having received and
answered ſeveral Meſſages from the Parliament by the way.
land.
The Parlia-
The principal difference between the King and them was the Militia; this The Militia,
was diſputed betwixt them; the King claiming it as an unfeparable right of the principal
the Crown, and the Houfes urging the management of it for preſent fatisfaction difference be-
and ſafety, and had thereupon nominated Officers; which defignation the King and Pailia-
difallowed. And now the rupture was viſible.
I have thought fit therefore to infert both the Commiffion of Array, and the
Ordinance of the Militia, they ſeeming to be as the Challenge to the War en-
fuing, though they both are here inferted out of order of time.
tween King
ment.
HARLES by the grace of God, King of England, Scot- The Commiſſion
land, &c. to our most dear Cozens Henry Earl of Hunting- of Arry.
don, and William Earl of Devonshire; and alſo to our beloved
and trusty, Henry Haftings Efquire, Son of the faid Earl of Hun-
tingdon; Henry Barkley, George Villiers, Thomas Burton, Baro-
nets; Henry Shipwith, &c. Knights; Henry Hafting of Humber-
ton, &c. Esquires; and the Sheriff of our County of L. for the
F2
time
28
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
{
time being, greeting. Know ye, that we willing to take care and pro-
vide for the safety and defence of Our self and Kingdome, and
our Lieges thereof, according as our duty is, and by Gods good
favour refolving to reft the malice of our enemies, if they fall
prefume to invade this our Realm of England: Have appointed you, or
any three or more of you, to array and trayn all and every perfon
and perſons in arms, bowmen, &c. dwelling within your faid County,
within liberties and with out; and that you caufe to be Armed all
Such as are able of body, and fit to bear them, who have of their
own wherewith to arm themselves, viz. every one according to his
eftate or condition, to rate and proportion accord
ng to your advice
and difcretion, or of any three of you; and to diftrain all thoſe
who have Lands and Poffeffions, and through debility of body are
un ble for fervice, causing them to find according to the quality of
their Lands and Goods, what Arms conveniently and reasonably
(faving their condition) they can bear; and to provide men at
Arms, armed but with Bows and Arrows, fo that they who fall
Stay and continue at their own home in their County for the defence,
of this our Kingdome against our enemies, shall receive no wages
nor expences for this their stay at home aforesaid: and that you like:
wife difpofe and canfe to be difpofed the faid men fo Armed and
Arrayed, into Regiments, Troops, and Companies, or other Divi-
fion as you shall fee convenient. And we have afigned you, or any
three or more of you, whereof you the faid Earl of Huntingdon,
and in your abfence you the faid Earl of Devonshire, or you Henry
Haftings, fon of the faid Earl of Huntingdon, to be one of the faid
men at Arms, and Bowmen, fo arrayed and trained, as well to the
Sea-Coasts as to any other places, where, and as often, and as need
Shall require, to expel, overcome and destroy our faid enemies, from
time to time, in any eminent peril, to command and lead. And
we have likewife Commiffionated you or any three or more of you, to
cauſe Muſter or Mufters of the faid men fo armed and arrayed to be
made, and to fupervise them, as oft as occafion shall require.
ta
And alfo to proclaim, ordain, and diligently examine, and fee.
that all, and every fuch men at Arms, armed men, and Bowmen
in ſuch Muſters, be armed w t'their own and not others wea-
pons, upon penalty of looſing them; thoſe onely excepted who are to
be armed at the charge of others. And to arrest, take, and in our
Prifons to put all, and every of those who in this behalf you shall
find enemies or Rebels, and to continue them in fuch Prifons until
they all be thence delivered by Law. And therefore, as ſtraightly as we
can, upon your Faith and Allegiance which you owe us, we enjoyn and
command you, that forthwith upon the fight of these presents that
in the best and safest manner you can, you arm and army you
Jelves and that before you at certain days and places which you
ſhall judge most convenient and expedient, and of leaſt Midrand
to our people, you caufe all men dwelling in your Cour ty by whom thes
Array and Arming may be best effected and compleated, to be called
and come together, there and then to be arrayed and armed and
them so arrayed and armed, to keep in the fame array. And fur
ſo
ther-
2
1640.
29
England, Scotland and Ireland.
2
thermore, that you caufe Beacons to be ſet up in the uſual places, by
which the feveral Counties may in fit time be fore-armed against the
coming of our Enemies. And the fame men ſo arrayed and armed
in imminent danger, in the defence of the Kingdom and Country
aforefaid, from time to time, as well to the Sea-fide, or to other
places where need ſhall require, you caufe to be led and conducted,
rfome of you, of whom you the aforefaid Henry Earl of Hunting-
don or in your abſence, you the aforesaid William Earl of De-
vonshire, or you the aforefaid Henry Haftings, Son of the faid
Earl of Huntingdon, we will to be one, do caufe to be conducted
as aforefaid; fo that through default of defence, `array or conduct of
the aforesaid Souldiers, or through your negligence, no hurt or
damage be done to the aforefaid Country, as far as to your power it
can be letted. And we streightly command all and every our Earls,
Barons, Knights, Mayors, Bailiffs, Conftables, Minifters, and others
our faithful Liege-people of our County aforesaid, as well within
Liberties as without, by vertue of theſe preſents, to be counſelling,
aiding, and affisting to you, and every one of yon, in all and fingular
the Premises. And we likewife Command you the faid Sheriff,
that at certain times and places which you or any three or more of
you as aforefaid shall appoint, shall caufe to convene before you all
Such men in the County aforesaid, by whom the Array, Affefment
and Appointment, can best be effected and compleated; and to de-
tain thoſe in Prifon, who for their Rebellion fhall happen thither to
be committed. In witness whereof, we have caused theſe our Letters
to be made Patents. Witness our felf the 11th day of June, in the
18 Year of our Raign.
Per Ipfum Regem.
The Reader muſt know, that this Ordinance of the Militia was framed in
February, and declared to be a Law, whether the King ſhould give his Royal
affent or no, in March enfuing; and feveral things done at that time in the feve-
ral Counties, in purfuance of it: So that it long precedes the Kings Commiffion
of Array, though for dignity fake I have here Poftpofed it.
L
The Ordinance of both Houfes of Parliament, for Ordering the
Militia of the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales.
borre
an
an
the Militia.
W
Hereas there hath been of late a most dangerons and deſperate defign upon An Ordinance
the Houſe of Commons, which we have juſt cauſe to believe to be an effect of Parliament
of the bloodie Councels of Papifts, and other ill-affected perfons, who have alrea- for ordering
raiſed a rebellion in the Kingdom of Ireland; And by reafon of many discove-
ries, we cannot but fear they will proceed not onely to flir up the like rebellions and
inſurrections inobis Kingdom of England, but alſo to back them with forces from
abroadly
ફ્
1 M
Cordained by the Lords and Commons, now in Parliament aſſembled, that
fwall have power to aſſemble and call together all and fingular his
Majeſties Subjects within the County of
as well within Liberties as
without, that are meet and fit for the Warr, and them to train, exerciſe and put în
meet_and
readineſs, -widthem after obeir abilities and faculties well and fufficientlic, from
in
time
30
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
The Parliament
time to time, to cause to be arrayed and weaponed, and to take the Muster of them
in places moſt fit for that purpose. And shall have power within the faid Countie to
nominate and appoint fuch perfons of quality as to him ball feem meet to be his De-
putic-Lieutenants, to be approved of by both Houses of Parliament. And that any
one or more of the ſaid Deputies ſo aſſigned and approved of, ſhall in the abſence or
by command of the fame
have power and Authoritie to do and
all fuch Power and Authoritie before in
this preſent Ordinance contained. And ſo ſhall have power to make Colonels and
Captains, and other Officers, and to remove out of their places, and to make others
from time to time, as he ſhall think fit for that purpoſe." And
execute within the Countie
his De-
puties, Colonels, Captains and other Officers, fhall bave further Power and Authority
to lead, conduct and employ the perſons aforesaid, Arrayed and Weaponed, as well
within the County of as within any other part of this Realm of England, or
Dominion of Wales, for the fuppreffion of all Rebellions, infurrections and inva-
fions that may happen, according as they from time to time shall receive directions by
His Majefties Authority, fignified unto them by the Lords and Commons aſſembled
in Parliament.
And it is further ordained, that such perfons as shall not obey in any of the
Premises, shall answer their neglect and contempt to the Lords and Commons in a
Parliamentary Way, and not otherwiſe, nor elſewhere; and that every the powers
granted as aforefaid, ſhall continue until it ſhall be otherwiſe ordered or declared by
both Houses of Parliament, and no longer.
John Brown, Clerk Parl.
How contrary to any Law, Practice or Precedent of any Parliament,
this Ordinance was, I refer the Reader to examine in his Majefties Anſwer
to it.
Many Meffages and Anſwers, and Papers paft betwixt the King and the
fend feveral Parliament, which though out of their order, we ſhall preſent at one view in-
Papers to the
tire in this Place; this Hiltory not allowing every one a particular room. Thoſe
King• of the Kings were lefs ftrained, yet more elegant then the Parliament's: the great
ingredients and moft fubftantial part of their Addreffes were Jealoufies and
Fears; with which the King was conftantly baited, for want of more ſolid Argu-
ments, and which no reaſon could rectifie or difpel, being irrefutable,becauſe in-
exiſtible; it being like fighting with a fhadow, which canot be driven away.
They protefted all along, that if his Majefty fhould perfift in the denyal of the
Militia, the Dangers were fuch as would indure no longer delay, but that they
ſhould be forced to difpofe of it by Authority of Parliament, and muſt refolve
fo to do, as it was by them propounded: Defiring, that for the ſafety of his
perfon and people, in much jealoufie and Fear, he will be pleaſed to refide
in or neer London, and to continue the Prince at St. James's, or any other
Houſes neer London, to prevent the Jealoufies and Fears of the people. Affirming,
That by the Laws of the Realm the power of the Militia, of railing, ordering,
and difpofing thereof in any place, cannot be granted to any Corporation by
Charter, or otherwife, without confent of Parliament; and that thoſe parts of
the Kingdom that have put themſelves in a poſture of defence, have done it by
direction and Declaration of Parliament.
The King is
much troubled
thereat, and
answers.
The King much troubled with thoſe unreaſonable Papers, replyed, that
he was so much amazed at this Meffage, that he knew not what to answer.
You speak of jealoufies and fears, faid he lay your hands to your hearts, and
ask your felves whether I may not in earnest be diſturbed with jealoufies and fears;
and if fo, I aſſure you this Meffage hath nothing lefined them. For the Militia,
I thought as much before. My last answer being agreeable to what in Justice or
reaſon you can ask, or I in honour grant, I ſhall not alter in any point. I wiſh
my
1641.
31
England, Scotland and Ireland.
my refidence near you might be fafe and honourable, that I had no cauſe to
abfent my ſelf from Whitebal Ask your felves,whether I have not I shall
take that care of my Son, which fhall justifie me to God as a father, and to my
Dominions as a King. I affure you upon mine honour, I have no thoughts but
of peace and Juſtice to my people, which I shall by all means poffible ſeek to pre-
ferve, relying upon the goodness of God for the preſervation of my ſelf and my
rights.
This quickned in the Parliament a refolution that the Kingdom be put pre- The Parliament
fently into a poſture of defence, and a publique Declaration thereupon to be declare their
made. They talkt of advertiſements and extraordinary preparations of for- refolution of
raign Princes by land and Sea. In order to this, the Beacons were made up, Kingdom into
putting the
new Sea-marks fet up, much riding, pofting with packquets, whispering and a posture of de-
tales telling. The Earl of Northumberland, Admiral of England, is comman- fence.
ded with all speed to rigg the Kings fhips, and equip them forth-with for the The Earl of
Sea: And becaufe of his indifpofition, that charge is conferred on the Earl of made Admiral
Warwick, againſt whom the King took great exception; one very affectionate of England.
to the Caufe which then firft began to be in every mans mouth.
The King an-
Warwick
liaments Decla-
The Declaration aforefaid was carried to Royston, whither the King was fwers the Par-
removed from Theobalds, by the Earls of Pembrook and Holland, who deliver- tion with ano-
ed him the fubftance of it: to which he returned in a moft polite Declaration ther.
alſo, and verbally told the Lords, that for the Militia, he would not truſt his
wife and children with it for an hour; that it was never asked of any King :
That to their Fears and jealoufies he would take time to fatisfie all the world,
hoping that God would in his good time diſcover the bottoms and fecrets of
all plots and treaſons, and ſet him upright with his people. The ſubſtance of
his Declaration was this.
z
That he had little encouragement to Replyes of this nature, when he is told of
bow little value his words are with them, though accompanied with Love and Ju-
ftice: That his bonour ought not to be rounded under the common ftile and impu-
tation of evil Councellours: That he ba formerly declared his faithful affection
to the Proteftant Profeffion. bis whole life anfwerable in practice; which should ra-
ther be acknowledged by them, than any defigne of his framed and declared to alter it
in this Kingdom; caling God to be witneß and wiſhing that the judgement of Hea-
ven may be manifefted on those that have or had any fuch defigne. Concerning bis
fenfe of his good Subjects in Ireland, whit had he not done in his Meſſages to both
Houses, offering his own perfon ready to venture for their preſervation and redem-
ption, being to give God an account of his intereft in them? Denyes any difigne
of forcing the Parliament by bis Army; and other particulars of the Petition, of
Paſſes granted Col. Leg, my Lord Jermins Paß, as likewiſe the Lord Digbies. And
as for advertiſements from Rome, Venice, Paris, the Popes Nuncio, the Kings of
France and Spain, He is confident no fober man in the Kingdom will believe that he
is ſo deſperate or fenceleft to entertain ſuch defignes, to bring the Kingdom to de-
firmction, and bury his name and pofterity in perpetual infamy. He adds in conclu
fion, could there yet want evidence on his part to joyn with his Parliament? Look
back upon their own Remonftrance in November last of the State of the Kingdom,
which valued bis Auts of Grace and Justice at fo high a rate, that it declared the
Kingdom a gainer, though it ſhould charge it ſelf by Subfidies and Pole-money fix
millions of pounds, befides the Contracting the Scots demands of two hundred and
twenty thousand pounds. Nay more, be bath paſſed thoſe Bills for the triennial Par-
liament, for relinquishing bis Title to impofe upon Merchants goods, and his power
of preffing of Souldiers; for fuppreffing the Court of Star-Chamber, High-Com-
miffion, regulating the Council-Table. Are thefe but words? The Bills for the He offers a free
Forrefts, the Stannery Courts, the Clerk of the Markets, the taking away the Vote Pardon to his
of the Bishops, nothing but words? what greater earnest can be given, than the prople, and pro-
Bill for the continuance of the Parliament? The length of which he wishes may ciliation.
pounds a r¿cyx-
never alter the nature of Parliaments. And for a perfect reconciliation with his
Aŭs
people,
32
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
་
}
people, he offers a free pardon. Nor doth be repent of bis favours. done them, but
will meet them in an honourable way, to add more, with the greatest readineß and
kindneß, for the peace, Honour and Prosperity of the Nation.
This feemed fatisfactory to the unprejudiced and fober; but prevailed not
at all with the factious and giddy multitude, and lefs with their Chiefs and
Abetters, who now emit the Ordinance for the defence of the Kingdom, which
is refolved to be no whit prejudicial to the Oath of Allegiance and Supre-
macy; and next, that the Kings Commiffioners of Lieutenancy over the re-
ſpective Counties are illegal and void: That their Ordinance for the Militia
The faction fet is to be obeyed as the fundamental law of this Kingdom; and prepare ano-
forth another ther Declaration to that purpoſe.
Declaration
Concerning the
Militia.
The King fends
a Melage to
the Parliament
concerning Ice-
land.
They plead the
priviledge of
Parliament.
The King pro-
Papists.
As the King removed North-ward, his mind went South-ward, though
the Showers gathered there, which foon after came down in a ſtorm. But is
is a queftion whether if the King had returned, his influence had not difpelled
and diffipated them, which thickned prefently together, and refifted that light
which Majefty difpenced in many after-gratious offers and condeſcentions, till
the ſetting of it, after a big and fatal revolution.
Therefore he fends another Meffage to them from thence, that he means to
take up his refidence at York; conjures them to diſpatch the buſineſs of Ireland;
and if calamities increaſe upon his Proteftant Subjects there, he fhall wash his
hands before all the World from any imputation upon him.
}
He faith, that as he hath been forward to retract any thing intrenching upon
them, fo he expects an equal tenderneſs in them towards him, in any unquetti-
onable and fundamental priviledge. That his Subjects be not obliged to obey
any Act, Order or Injunction, to which his Majefty hath not given his confent.
And therefore requires that they prefume not, upon pretence of any Order or
Ordinance (to which his Majefty is not a party) of the Militia, or any other
thing, to do or execute againit the laws: he being to keep the laws himſelf,
and his Subjects to obey them.
To this all the reply they made was, That to have their Vote questioned or con-
tradicted, is a high breath of priviledge of Parliament: and a Committee was by
them appointed to examine where and by whom this Meffage was counſelled:and
as the total of all this abfurdity, they juftifie their laft Declaration in every par-
ticular.
The King knowing what the Parliament drove at chiefly, to render him
claims against fufpect of favouring Papifts, being at Stamford, publifhed a Proclamation for
putting the Laws in due execution againft Papifts: this fomewhat abated the
charge which his enemies laboured to fix on him for this particular, though they
wrefted this alfo, giving out that it was a time-ferving policy, and that nothing
leſs was intended.
The Yorkshire
4
liament.
1
What the two Houfes did ambiguoufly fupplicate, the Tork-fhire Gentry did
Gentry defire a cordially beg of the King, defiring by fuch expedients as his Majefties own
right underſtan- judgment fhould dictate, a right underſtanding betwixt him and his Parlia
ding between
King and Par. ment, to whom they would likewife addrefs themſelves. The King returned
a gratious anſwer, with thanks; tells them that he is not mistaken in the confi
The King re- dence of their affections, nor will he ever deceive their expectations from him:
turnsa gratious But as to the prayer of the Petition, the alone way of a good underſtanding,
answer.
was for the Parliament to confider of his Meffage of the 20th of January
that the Militia be fetled by Act of Parliament, explained in his Anſwer to
their Petition for it; and wiſhes them in the fence of thoſe, to apply themfelves
to the Parliament for the good of All.
He refolving
to go for Ire-
land, fends a
Meſſage to the
Parliament.
The King was now refolved, fince he faw how flowly the Irish bufinefs pro-
ceeded, for the diſpatch of that Rebellion to paſs over thither; and to that pur-
poſe fent a Meffage to the Parliament from Tork: From which expedition they
diffwade the King, and in lieu of uſing the Magazine of Hull for that fervice,
defire it may be fent to the Tower of London, to fupply that, almoſt exhauſted;
guefling
1642.
33
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
tham admit-
ted into Hull.
The Parliament
gueffing indeed that the King intended to poffefs himſelf of it: but they preven- Sir John Ho-
ted him, by Sir John Hothams admittance into the Town, ftanding affected to
their Cauſe, before the coming of my Lord Newcastle to the fame purpoſe.
Thereupon they again petition the King in the matter of the Militia, as to Petition the
his Forts and Magazins, inferting the old ftanding matter of Popery, in rela- King for the
tion to fome Jefuits whom the King had reprieved. To this Petition the Kingstay
Anſwer was, that he wondred why a Garison was put into Hull without his con- dangers of
infijt upon the
fent, and Souldiers billeted without Law, contrary to the Petition of right, and that Popery.
they could mention to him the transferring of his Magazine without reason or judge. Hull is Garri-
ment : he would know why he might not be thought fufficient to impower and intruft Jon'd, and the
any perſon of unquestionable honour and worth with the custody of a Fort, Town, or led that they
King is troub-
Magazine of his own; when they were fo confident as to commit it without hold Petition
his knowledge or confent to Sir John Hotham,though he doubts not but it will be him, and at the
rendred to him when he fhall demand it. Hopes that they will not do in this iftant carve
caſe, as they have done in the Militia; petition him, and make themſelves the pleajures.
Carvers and tells them, that if they attempt any thing herein without his con-
fent, he will hold it as an act of violence against him, and fo declare it to all
the world.
at their one
For the Priests, he refers them to the Law and their Sentence, the time of his He excufeth
Reprieve granted them being expired. But in that anſwer to his expedition into his repriving of
Ireland,th court him there with a Compliment of their fear of the danger of his fome fuites.
perfon, belides the interruption of the proceedings of Parliament. Though to the The Parliament
firft, they were more afraid of that force he ſhould raiſe to accompany and attend verned by com-
refuje to be go-
his perfon; and as to the fecond, the diſtance lay onely in their averleneſs to an milioners in
Accommodation: until they were nearer in duty and affection, the proximity his Majes
of his perſon availed not: but they would in no wife endure to hear of being abfence.
governed by Commiffioners in his Majefties abfence, becauſe it was prefumed
there were more then enough of themfelves already, that looked like fuch things
in his prefence, if not more Soveraign and imperious than fuch could be.
To this Reply the King rejoyns, that he looks upon them as his great Coun-
cil with great refpect, but also upon himfelf as not d.prived of his undertian-
ding, or devefted of any right he had before the Parliament affernbled: he cal-
led them by his Writ and authority, to give him counfel; but did not refign his
intereft and freedom, nor will fubject himlelf to their determinations; nor
hath he diffented at any time without his reafons given with candour and con-
ſcience; and though a Major part may bind them in their confultations and
opinions, yet he holds himfelf free to diffent from them.
NOW
Anno Dom. 1642:
Ow this great controverfie of the Militia came to be decided; and what
had been bandyed with fo many words, to be fummed up and ftated in
the cafe of Hull, and the Magazine there, which the King as before had refufed
to be tranflated any otherwhere than for his own accommodation in the fervice
of Ireland: befides,the County of York added their inftances to the Kings refolu- The Kingve-
tion, requeſting him, as well for his own as the publike fafety, it might be con- folves to po
tinued where it was. Therefore to end the difpute, and afcertain the matter Hull.
Seẞhimself of
without any further conteft, the King refolved to go and poffefs himself there-
of, taking with him a Guard onely for his perfon, which confifted of his me
nial ſervants, and the Gentry adjacent thereabout.
On the 23 of April his Majefty came before the Town, when, contrary to all But is denyed
expectation, eſpecially of the King, the enterance was denyed him, the gates entrance by Sir
being ſhut against him, as Sir John Hotham then upon the Walls of the faid who stood di
JohnHotham,
Town peremptorily told him, by Authority of Parliament, by whofe truft he the walls, and
kept it; nor by any means, after a long Parley and perfwafron, would admit heard himself
G
the
proclaimed a
Traytor.
34
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
t
The Duke of
York and
Prince Ele-
Яor being in
the Town, are
Suffered to de-
part.
The King re-
treated to Be
verly, writes
to the Mayor
and Garrison
of Hull.
And to the
the King into the Town, unleſs under certain difloyal and undutiful limitations,
which the King foò abhor'd, that moved with juſt indignation, he cauſed Hotham
inſtantly and before his face to be proclaimed Traytor; a name that ſtuck to him
of all fides, and was his Sentence long before his Execution; and which, (in fuch
very heynous matters not ufual) reached the life of his eldeft Son alfo. But
becauſe his late Majefties own Sacred Pen hath ſo compaffionately delivered his
ſtory, it will be rudeness to that bleffed Prince, and barbarity to Sir John Hotham,
to rake further in his aſhes than what we ſhall have occafion for in the depofiting
them after Execution.
The Duke of York, and the Prince Elector Palatine were gone into the Town
the day before, and were now after fome deliberation fuffered to go out again;
who came to the King, then in a very great diſcontent retreated to Beverly,
whence he fent Letters to the Mayor of Hull, which fignified to him his Majefties
diſpleaſure and refentment of the affront done him; thereby alfo warning him
and the Garrison (which confifted of a thouſand men) not to partake with
Hotham, but to lay down their arms and receive the King, who would rather
enlarge than leffen and diminish their Charter and Priviledges.
After this Meffage, he likewife diſpatched another to the Parliament, re-
quiring the Town and Magazine to be delivered to him, and that his honour
be repaired by fome ſignal and remarkable Juftice upon Hotham; that injury
Parliament for fo cloſely lying at his breaft, that till fatisfaction be given him there can in-
Fustice against
tend no other buſineſs whatſoever, as portending thoſe undutiful actions which
Hotham.
afterwards fucceeded: This is, faith he,to make me worfe in condition than the
meanest Subject, fince I cannot enjoy my own; 'tis time therefore to examine
how he loft them, and to try all poffible ways by the help of God, the Laws, and
his good Subjects, to recover them, and vindicate himfelf; concluding, that if
he fail in the reducing of the place, he is the firſt Prince in Chriftendom that hath
done fo; and prays God to bless him in theſe reſolutions.
The Parlia-
ment order the
Lord Lieute-
This was anſwered no otherways, but by a Command to their Lord Lieute-
nant of the County of Lincoln to fupprefs all Forces that ſhould be gathered
and raiſed againſt the faid Town of Hull, and preſently expedite the Ordi-
nant of Lin-
coln to fup-
nances of the Militia framed by themſelves, having rejected that of the Kings
preß all Forces own appointment, and drawn by his Council, though not a word in anſwer a-
raiſed against gainft it to fatisfie him; excluding all perfons named by the King in his draught,
Sir Richard and committed the truft and power thereof for two years, to fuch in whom
Gurney Lord they confided. Soon after they feized upon Sir Richard Gurney Lord Mayor
Mayor of Lon- of London, whom for an example to other Loyal Magiftrates they fent to the
don, fent to
Tower of London; not long after which ufage he deceaſed.
the Tower.
Hull.
The Parliament Sir John Hotham is alfo impowered by the Parliament to Summon the Trayn-
Authorize Sir ed Bands of the County to his affiftance; which through the factiouſneſs of
John Hotham others, and his own menaces, he compaſſed; and having them within his reach,
to raiſe the
Trained Bands. to prevent the King of any fupply of Arms thereabout, he difarms the Country
men, and difmiffeth them.
The King Jum
mons the Gen-
try of York,
for the fecurity
of his Perfon.
The Parliament
Hereupon the King Summoned the Gentry and Free-holders of the County
of York, to whom he complains of all thofe lawless proceedings of the Parlia-
ment and Hotham, to the danger of his perfon, which he thinks fit to ſecure by
a guard from among them; reiterates his Proteftation to the Lords then that
were with him, fome of whom were fent from the Parliament, and continued
there, that he intended not to raiſe a War, or embroyl the Kingdom; but fince
he had fo lately received fuch an indignity fo neer his refidence, it could not
be interpreted other than an Act of Prudence, to provide this way for his fafety i
that being the onely end in this defigne: Which publike Declaration was at-
teſted by all the Lords to be his Majefties intention.
Now had the Parliament the occafion they waited for; no Salvo's or Pro-
Conclude the K. teftations on the Kings part would ferve turn, but it was taken for granted that
intendeth war. the King intended War, and therefore they proceeded preſently to put the peo-
into a pofture of War, by vertue of their late Ordinance of the Militia, to
reſcue
1641.
35
England, Scotland and Ireland.
pretence of ref
cuing the King
from his evil
•
refcue the King from his evil Counfel, who had engaged him in a War against They take up
his Parliament. I will not wade further in this Queftion, Who began it? be- Arms under
cauſe his Majefty on his dying Royal word, hath afferted it by this undeniable
proof, Who gave the first Commiffions?
In order to this open Holtility intended, they prohibit all refort to the King, Counfel, and
fave of thofe in his ſpecial ſervice, and Command the refpective Sheriffs to prohibit all re-
feize all other than fuch, as the difturbers of the peace, and to raise the County- Kirg
fort to the
power against them; who were fo divided in themfelves by contrary com-
mands, that no difficulty remained to the near enfuing rupture; fides being ta-
ken and avowed, every man on his guard, waiting for the first blow, and
prepared to return it as his judgment or fancy led him. To blow up this ani-
mofity into fire and fury, next comes out another Remonftrance from the Par- They publish a
liament, the Daughter of that which was prefented to the King at Hampton-
Remonstrance,
Court; that taxed the male-adminiftration of the Government till the calling
of the Parliament, this recited all their complaints from the very first day of
their fitting to the date thereof; their difpute of the Militia, the buſineſs of
the five Members, &c. and fo brought the ftate of their quarrel into one entire
body, that their Partiſans, by fuch a heap of grievances, it not by the weight of
them, might without more fcrutiny own them, and ftand by their Caufe.
zeal
This mifs'd not of a plenary and fatisfactory Anfwer from the King;but Hands which is an-
had no Ears; the Faction was bufie and employed in arming themſelves, like wered by the
Cafars, write and fight together; folliciting alfo in the mean time their dear King.
Brethren the Scots to their party, whom though the King fo lately had obliged, Scots to their
They invite the
and vouchſated them a particular account of his intentions throughout all fistance.
theſe unhappy tranfactions, fummed up in a Letter to his Privy Countel in that
Kingdom, which after communication begot a Proteftation from that Kingdom The Scots pre-
of all the Loyalty and affection imaginable, with many ferious expreffions of tend a al
their thanks, and gratitude to his Majefty, whofe Royal word in the concerns fly, but declars
for his Maje
both of Church and State, they deemed a grievous fin to doubt or queſtion: Yet for the Parlia-·
nevertheless preſently after they declared themſelves in favour of the Parliament, ut, and have
in a large manifeftation of their moft cordial affection to them, with as many
their thanks.
more good words as they had received Pounds; and in conclufion, order the
ſaid Privy Council not to meddle with any verbal or real engagement for the
King againſt the Parliament of England, but to keep clofe to their Covenant.
and their English brethren. For all which kindneſs the Parliament claw them
again, and returned them thanks by their Commiffioners refident in Londen.
But this Remonftrance did not reach all the matter; therefore out comes a The Parliament
third, comprehenfive enough; which the King likewife anſwered. It will be te- (et forth ano-
dious to recite them, becauſe little new matter in them, only more paffionately
written, as bordering betwixt the Gown and the Sword, which was as good as the King an-
half drawn already.
ther Remon-
france, which
fwers.
As the laft effay for au Accommodation, that the people might fee the Parlia- They (end him
ment would leave no way untryed, Nineteen Propofitions are fent to the King 19 Propofitions
at Tork, which in ftrict terms compriſed the licentioufnefs of all their former to York.
Papers. To thefe if the King affented, as they withal Petition him to do, they
promife to make him a glorious Prince.
For the Anſwer to thefe by the King, I refer the Reader to the Kings book, The King re-
where the uncivility and unreaſonablenefs thereof is juftly cenfured; though turns an an
the reply he made to them prefently after their tender, was fo argumentative fwer to them.
and honeft, that it ftumbled many of their friends, and confirmed the Kings
good Subjects in their Loyal integrity.
All hopes being now loft of this Paper-fcuffle, the King addreffes himself to
the Gentry and Commonalty of the County of York (the populacy being thofe The King is
on whom the Parliamentary pretences fo greatly operated) and declares to them aflifted by the
the fame refolutions he had formerly made, defiring to undeceive them of thofe
opinions the Parliament had inftilled every where; and chufeth out of them a
guard of Horfe, and a Regiment of the Trained Bands, as a guard to his
Ga
perfon
Yorkſhire
Gentry.
i
36
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part 1
1.
perfon; which they cheerfully undertook, and did Duty in that quality: Here
he alfo found an addition of many worthy Gentlemen and Nobles ready for his
fervice.
The Londoners
The City of London was likewiſe as affectionate for the Parliament, having
affect the Par-
profered their fervice, which was accepted, to fecure the two Houfes. This
liament.
The King
caufed the King to fend a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen,
writes to the forbidding them either to levy Arms, or raiſe money upon that account. But
Lord Mayor & fecing them to perfift in the fame courfes, he firft fends out his Commiffions of
Court of Alder-
men: they perfift: Array to the refpective Lord-Lieutenants and their affiftants, according to the
the King fends Statute of 5 H. 4. and other fubfequent Records, which by the Parliament
out his Commif- on the queftion) were refolved to be againft Law, and the liberty of
fions of Array the Subject, &c. And then fummons his Lords and Privy Council attend-
ing him at York, and declares that he will not require any obedience from
them, but by the Laws of the Land; charging them not to yeild obedience to
any commands illegally impoſed by others, and that he will defend them and
all others from the Votes of Parliament. Laftly, that he will not engage
them in any War againſt the Parliament, except for neceffary defence againft
fuch as invade him or them.
And publisheth
a General De-
claration, in-
viting all his
Loving Subjects
to affist him.
Promifeth 81.
per cent. and
his Lands,
Parks, and
Houfes, for (e-
curity.
Proclaims the.
Legality of his
Commiffions of
Then came out his general Declaration, where after he had fully unmafqued
the pretences of the Parliament in their project of Liberty and Religion, he ex-
cites all his loving ſubjects, according to their Oaths of Allegiance and Supre-
macy, to contribute their aid and affiftance for the oppofing and fupprefling
thofe Trayterous attempts of fuch perfons as would deftroy his Perfon, Honour,
and Estate, and engage the Kingdom in a Civil War: Declaring, that who-
ever ſhall bring unto him Money or Ammunition, Horfe and Arms, for his
or the publique defence, fhall receive 81. per centum intereft, to be affured out
of his Forrett-Lands, Parks, and Houfes. And then iffues out a Proclama-
tion fhewing the Legality of his Commiffions of Array.
To all thefe the Parliament refpectively answer; juftifie their proceedings,
and promife to uſe the money advanced for the Irifh fervice, according to the
firft defignation of it, though herein they failed abundantly, converting the
The Parliament most part of it to their own ule and neceffities.
Array.
justifie their
proceedings.
Sir Ben. Rud-
yard and other
Members of
Parliament
Though the Parliament was intent on the buſineſs of levying Arms, yet ſe-
veral Patriots of both Houſes did what they could to perfwade to an accommo-
dation; amongſt whom Sir Benjamin Rudyard was one of the chief, who all
along warned them of the miſeries of a Civil War, and what a fhame it would
be to them in after-times, and fo confequently to all Parliaments, if when the
earnest for an King had condefcended ſo far,they should proceed to the effufion of blood upon
accommodation. fo unneceffary a quarrel. He dyed foon after the firft blood was drawn; and
that ſpeech of his on his death-bed is very remarkable: Mr. Pym, and Mr.
Hambden (the Grandees of the then Faction) told me, (faith he) That they
thought the King fo ill beloved by his Subjects, that he could never be able to raiſe
an Army to oppose them. Which miſtake of theirs, coft many thouſand lives.
Mr. Hamb-
den,
On the contrary alſo, many elaborate vehement Speeches were made by
Mr. Pym and other Grandees, to encourage the Citizens to ftand faft to the in-
tereft of the Parliament; and the City was not wayward to fuch councels.
Mr. Pym, and Ifaac Penington was Mayor; a bufie ftickler of the Faction; and many of the
Ifaac Pening- Court of Aldermen were little better affected: the Common Council were ge-
of London, as nerally of the fame temper, and indeed the greateft number of the people in-
violent for a habiting the faid City were alike difpofed.
ton Lord M.
war.
The Militia
Jet on foot.
Now the Militia was on foot every where the Parliaments Caufe had the
precedency of affection, their Ordinances being obeyed like Acts; wherefore
the King prohibited by Proclamation any Levies or Mufters of his Subjects any
where in England without his command, and fets on foot his Commiffion of
Array; which the Parliament likewife inhibit to be obeyed any where: but
neither of them fignified any thing to thoſe that were bent and inclined to each
Cauſe; fo that the preparations for War, both of Men, Horſe, Money and
Arms
1642.
37
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The Parliament
borrow money
Arms, went on very faft, efpecially on the Parliaments fide at London, where
all perfons of all ages and Sexes contribute fo exceffively to the furtherance of
the War, that the fum which it amounted unto is almoft incredible. This
money was borrowed upon the credit of the PUBLIQUE FAITH, by an Ordi-
nance of Parliament; a name much adored then, and as much contemned and Faith.
hated afterwards.
on the publick
The King finding how the pulfe of theſe diftracted Kingdoms did beat, gi- The King ear-·
ving fymptoms of fome violent difeafe and diftemper approaching, redoubled neftly wiges for
his inftances to the Houſes for peace, adjuring them to prevent that blood-fhed a peace.
now fo threatning and imminent; and they regeft the like entreaties and obte-
ftations upon him (but not bating an ace, or receding a tittle from their firft
Demands) fo that there was no hopes or likelihood of a Pacification.
Nor wanted there Artifices to uphold and maintain this Credit and Authority several facti-
which the Parliament had gained over the City, their Purfes and Affections: ous rumours
they were told, and that in folemn Affemblies, that the evil Counsellors about raised against
the Kings
the King intended the abrogation of their Cities Charter; and if they prevailed,
? friends.
would expoſe their Wives and Children to Rapine, Violence, and Villany, and
the wealth and riches of the City, a prey to deſperate and neceffitous perfons :
All which while they continued in the Parliaments protection, they thould have
no caule to fear.
With theſe preparatory difcourfes and incentives, the War was prefently The London-
ufhered in; nay, the Citizens were ready to court it, as the tainelt way of Miniſters and
fafety. Add we alſo the encouragements of the Minifters of London, to the Citizens ton
other incitations, who were fo violent in their crying up the Caufe, that even violent for the
meer Children became Volunteers, forfook their Parents, and followed the
Camp.
Thither alſo are we now come: For from the Kings leaving his Court at York,
with an intent to encourage his party in the Commiflion of Array, and fifle
the Ordinance of the Militia, we cannot call his removes a Progrefs, but Expe-
dition; and indeed it was a perfect War levyed, though at fuch diftances, that
the twilight of peace was preferved only by his hovering neer the Solftice of
his Kingdom, the midland, without engaging the confines of their Affociation;
which if he had done fpeedily, it is probable we had not ſeen that night of
confufion that followed in his fetting and declination.
Faction.
His Majelly therefore having again called the Gentry of York together at
rendezvous, protefted his unwillinglefs, as well as unprovidedness for a War;
defiring (if he ſhould be thereunto compelled) their affiftance in the maintain-
ing his moft juft Caufe; and then departed for Lincolnshire to Newark, whither The King at
he had fent before his Letters Mandatory to my Lord Willoughby of Parham, Newark, be
charging him to defift from raifing, levying, or exercifing any forces within Lord Wil-
fends to the
that County, by vertue of his Commiffion from the Parliament; wherein ne- loughby of
vertheleſs he had proceeded. Here the King convened the Gentlemen of this Parliam to
County, and made to them the like Proteftations; and having received fome defit from aids
ſmall ſupplies, returned back again to York At the fame time the Parliament lion, and re-
ing the Rebel.
were lifting men apace, and appointing their General, and the Superior Officers turns to York.
of the Army.
The King
His Majefty about this time meeting with fome oppofitions from the Earl of causeth the
Stamford, Lord-Lieutenant of Leicestershire for the Parliament, was pleaſed to Earl of Stam-
proclaim the faid Earl and his adherents Traytors; to the great diffatisfaction of ford to be pre-
the Parliament.
claimed Tray-
tor:
On the other fide, Infurrections happening in Effex, the Parliament fend Sir John Lu-
down Sir Thomas Barrington and Mr. Grymftone to quell their Tumults, where cas proclaimed
they ſeize Sir John Lucas and his Lady at Colchester, commit them to the Goale; Traytor by the
fend his eight Coach-horſes to General Effex; and in order to Sir Johns Tryal, and committed.
he is proclaimed Traytor, fent to London, and committed prifoner to the Gate-
houſe.
Parliament,
James Lord Strange, Son and Heir of William Earl of Derby, was likewife James Lord
by
38
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
Strange Im-
peached of
High Teaſon
by the Parliament impeached of High Treafon, for that he upon the 15th of
July laft, did at Mancheſter in the County of Lancaſter ſummon and raiſe Forces
by the Parlia. for the fervice of the King: They further charging him with being the death
of Richard Percival, a Linnen-webfter; and cauſe their faid Charges to be pub-
liſhed in the Churches of Lancaster and Cheſter.
ment.
Sir John By-
ron worsted by
Sir John Byron raiſeth fome Troops in the County of Oxford for the King, and
the Parliament- being fuddenly furprized by the Parliamentarians, fuftaineth fome lofs; and by
them he and his Affociates are declared Rebels. He then marcheth to Werce-
declared Rebel. fter, which Town he feizeth for the King
Forces, and
He marcheth to
Worceſter,
the King.
The Marquefs
of Hertford,
L. G. of the
West for the
King.
At York the King made the Marquess of Hertford Leiutenant-General of the
and takes itfor Western Counties, intending forthwith himfelt to fet upon Hull (whofe ftores he
had defigned once to have made a Magazine for Ireland, to reduce thofe Rebels;
which he had often declared to the two Houfes, but they would by no means
conſent to it) but upon deliberate advice he paft by it, onely making one at-
tempt neer it, to fhew his juft indignation, and to fatisfie his Honor, where he
loft unhappily fome twenty men, and marched directly into Nottinghamshire.
About the beginning of Auguft, he came to Nottingham-Town, and on the
with all fuccefs, tenth of the fame month published his Royal Proclamation, commanding
and fits up his and enjoyning all his Subjects to the Northward of Trent, and twenty miles
Standard at Southward, to Rendezvous at Nottingham the 23 of that inftant; where he,
Nottingham. according to the purport of his Proclamation, fet up his Standard, and where ap-
The Earl of peared five or thouſand men.
Lindſey Ge-
The King at-
tempts Hull
King.
ment.
!
,
After a view and Mufter of theſe Royal Volunteers, the King proceeded to the
neral for the nomination of a General, who was the Right honorable the Earl of Lindſey
The Earl of Ef- General formerly for the Rochel-Expedition; and the Parliament made Robert
fex Captain-G. Earl of Effex their Captain-General, the Earl of Bedford General of the Horfe.
for the Parlia
Effex about this time departed from London in great ftate and magnificence.
The King leaves Nottinghamshire, and marched into Staffordshire, thence into
Leicestershire, carlling the Gentry all the way he went; fo into the Confines of
Wales, and fat down at laft in Shrewsbury, where after he had a while refted,
the Gentry, Freeholders, and Inhabitants of that County, with other additions
out of Wales, being affembled, he made this Oration, which for its excellency,
and becauſe it contains the truth of the quarrel, is here inferted.
The Earl of
Bedford G. of
their Horfe.
Effex departs
from London
in state.
The King in
Stafford-fhire
and Leicester-
hire.
His Oration to
the Gentry,
Freeholders and
I
GENTLEMEN
2
Tis fome benefit to me from the infolency and misfortunes which
have driven me about, that they have brought me to ſo good a
Inhabitants part of my Kingdom, and to fo faithful a part of my people. I hope
neither you nor I fall repent in coming hither; I will do my part
that you may not, and of you I was confident before I came. The reft-
dence of an Array is not usually pleasant to any place, and mine may
wherein he pro- carry more fear with it, fince it may be thought (being robbed and
mileth to have Spoiled of all mine own, and fuch terrour uſed to fright and keep all
men from Supplying of me) I must onely live upon the aid and relief
of my people; but be not afraid: I would to God my poor Subjects fuf-
fered no more by the infolence and violence of that Army raiſed a- .
gainst me (though they have made themſelves wanton even with
plenty) than
you shall do by mine; and pet I fear I cannot prevent all
diforders; I will do my best. And this I promiſe you, no man shall be
Choofing rather a loofer by me, if I can help it.
a tender re-
Spect to his
Subjells.
his own plate,
to melt down I have fent hither for a Mint; I will melt down all my own plate,
and expofe all my Land to fale or morgage,that if it be poffible,I may
bis Land, than not bring the least preſſure upon you: in the mean time, I have fum-
Sell or Morgage
to oppress them.
moned
1642.
39
England, Scotland and Ireland.
you
moned you hither to do that for me and your felves, for the main-
tenance of your Religion, and the Law of the Land (by which
you
enjoy all that
have) which other men do against us. Do not
Suffer So good a Caufe to be loft, for want of supplying me with that
which will be taken from you by those who pursue me with this vio-
lence. And whilſt theſe ill men Sacrifice their Mony, Plate, and
utmost induſtry to destroy the Common-wealth, be you no leſs liberal
to preſerve it. Affure your felves, if it please God to bless me with
Success, I shall remember the affistance that every particular man here
gives me, to his advantage. However, it will hereafter, (how furi-
onfly foever the minds of men are now poffeft) be honour and comfort
to you, that with some charge and trouble to your felves, you did your
part to support the King, and preferve the Kingdom.
With thoſe expreffions, to which his actions agreed, he fo won the affections
The King at
of that County, and the adjacent, that before the middle of October, which was Shrewſbury
about three weeks after his firft coming to Shrewsbury, with a ſmall party, with 6000
rather than any force or Army, he was grown to a compleat ftrength, confifting foot, 3000
of about 6000 foot, 3000 brave horse, and almoſt 2000 Dragooners.
horſe, and neat
2000 Dra-
gooners.
From thence, having iffued out Warrants for Horfes and Carts, in order to
his removal, he marched along within view of Coventry, but made no effay or He marcheth
attempt upon it; not intending to lofe any time in fitting down before it, un- in view of Cơ-
lefs the Town had been freely furrendred to him. From thence he came to Son- ventry.
tham, not many miles diftant from their Lord General.
This March of his ftruck fome terror into the City of London it felf,though all The Londoners
their Army was then in a readineſs,and attending the King; therefore the Trained afrighted, they
Bands were ſpeedily raiſed for a guard of the City, and fortifications, fuch as raife their
Trained bands
the time would allow, were ordered to be forthwith made round it; according
and Fortifica-
to which Order, many hundreds of men were fet on work, who were foon after tions: Are af-
feconded by the ſeveral Companies and Fariſhes in London and the Suburbs, as filled by the
also by the Wives and Maids, who followed a Drum in rank and file, with a Wives and
Maids.
Rampier-basket between two of them, until a regular Line and Circumvallation,
taking up twelve miles in circuit, was quite finiſhed.
The Parliament
project the af-
Windfor-Cattle was at this time garrifoned by the Parliament, Col. Ven being col. Ven go-
fent down with twelve Companies of foot, in one whereof Barkstead the Regi- verns Wind-
cide commanded, it being his first military employment) as Governour. Divers for-cafile for
the Parliament,
Citizens fufpected for their affection and loyalty to the King, were alſo at this
where Bark-
time fecured. And the affociation of the feveral Counties firft projected and fted commands
begun, and mony and plate raiſed for the Parliament: in fo great danger did company.
the Cock-fure Grandees of the Faction then fee and find themſelves.
Indeed the Kings defign was London, which at the approach of fuch an Army fociation of the
would put his friends in a capacity to appear for him, and facilitate and end counties.
the War in its begining, which the King paffionately defired. But confidering
that it was dangerous venturing to be inclofed between the Army and the
City, with their entire forces, he refolved to face about, and fight the Earl of
Effex firft, who having garrifoned ſeveral places, and leffened his numerous Ar-
my, was advancing after him.
Portſmouth was now taken by Sir John Merrick, having firft furprized South- Portsmouth
fea Caſtle, and held it for the Parliament: Colonel Goring being forced to yeild and Southfed
it, the Town being commanded by that Caftle, before the Marquefs of Hert- Caftle taken
ford could come to the relief of it, being then befieged in Sherburn by the Earl of meat by Sir
Bedford; Goring, according to agreement, paffing for the prefent over into JohnMerrick.
France.
Goring goes to
for the Parlia
The Earl of Effex advanceth into Worcestershire, while the Kings Army ftaid France.
fill at Shrewsbury, expecting forces out of South-Wales; to prevent the con-
?
*
junction
40
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
mih ne ir
Worcester.
Major Dou-
junction of whom, Effex fent a party of Horfe under the command of Colonel
Sands and Colonel Feinnes, betwixt whom and Prince Rupert and the Lord
A [mart skir- Byron, happened a fmart encounter in the lanes neer Worcester City, where at
firit the Parliament-Army had the better; but Prince Rupert falling in the Rear,
forced them to leave their defign. Colonel Sands was mortally wounded, his
glafs kill'd. Major Douglass was killed, with the lofs of threefcore men; nevertheleſs Effex
Worcester haftily advancing, the Royallifts quitted Worcester, which thereupon was Gar
Garrison'd for rifoned for the Parliament.
the Parliament
by the Earl of
Effex.
The King coins
his plate into
money.
The Earl of
ral for the
King.
The Earl of Ef-
fex General
While the Earl of Eſſex ftaid here about ſettling the Militia, the King paſſed
directly away from Shrewsbury, (where he had coyned money out of the Plate
freely brought him by the Gentry) towards London, having got the start of Eſſex,
who thereupon doubled his hatte after him. The King therefore refolved to
fight him, and ſtaid at Keynton, whither next morning came the Effexians.
Edge-hill fight On Sunday, Octob. 23. the King in Battalia deſcended from Edge-bill, whence
Prince Rupert with a Profpective-glafs he viewed the Parliaments Army; and being asked
commands the what his Majefty thought of them, he anſwered: I never faw the Rebels before in
right wing of
the Horfe.
a body; I am refolved to fight them: God and good men affist my righteous caufe. The
The Lord Wil- King had the advantage both of the ground and Wind, his Army drawn up in
mot Commands very good order; his main Battel of Foot winged on both fides with a number
the left wing of brave Horfe; but thofe on the right, where Prince Rupert commanded, were
Lindſey Gene- the moſt choice and couragious. The other Wing was led by the Lord Wilmot,
Lieutenant-General of the Horſes the Battel by the Earl of Lindsey General of the
field, on foot in the head of them, with a half-Pike in his hand. In the whole
Army, were very many expert and valiant Commanders: all the diftruft was
in the Welch Infantry, who at first beginning were fomwhat skittish. In this
poſture the King marched into the Vale adjoyning, called The Vale of Red-
Their chief Horſe, a name futable to the colour that was that day beftowed on it: which
Commande Effex having notice of, he prefently drew his Army out of Keynton Town,
Ramfey, Sir where he quartered that night,and put it into this order. He himself,as the other
William Bal- General,on foot at the head of his Infantry, which made up one entire body, op-
four, Sir Phi- pofed himself to the Kings; on the left Wing ftood Col. Ramfey a Scotch man,
lip Stapleton, with five Regiments of Horfe; on the other Sir William Balfour, and Sir Phi-
Fielding. lip Stapleton, who commanded the Generals Life-guard of Horfe, that fought
ftoutly; and behind them, as a Referve, was placed the Lord Fielding with his
Regiment of Horfe.
for the Parlia-
ment.
were Colonel
and the Lord
Prince Rupert
Ramſey.
Col. Effex
kill'd.
Prince Ru-
•
Both Armies thus facing one another, the fight began with the exchange of
overthrows Col. Artillery; which doing no great execution on either fide, Prince Rupert fell
with fury upon Col. Ramfey,and utterly overthrew him,fo that that whole Wing
fled with ſpeed towards Keynton. The Foot placed neer to that Wing feeing the
rout and flaughter, threw down their Arms, and fled alfo; of which Colonel
Effex's Brigade was the greateſt part. The Colonel being thus forfaken, put
himſelf into the battel, and was of great fervice afterwards that day, till he was
fhot in the Thigh with a Bullet, of which he foon after dyed. Prince Rupert
following the chafe to Kexnton-Town, fell there on the Waggons Effex had left
pert's mistake. behind him, and returned not to the Field, (which elfe had been totally the
Col. Hambden Kings) until Colonel Hambdens Regiment, and fome other Forces which were
comes to affift coming to joyn with Effex, forced him with their Canon out of the Lanes
wherein he continued his purfuit. (The Earl of Carnarvan feconding the fame
Lod Wilmot
miſtake, through heat of Courage.) On the other Wing, Sir William Balfour
worfled by Sir
Wil. Balfour. had put my Lord Wilmot to it, and had beat him from his ground; fo that
E. of Lindley the Kings Foot on that fide were left naked, and both Front and Flank attaqued
mortally woun- by Foot and Horfe. The main Battel was here joyned: Balfour breaking in
Lord Wil- pieces two Regiments of the Kings, had opened the way to the Standard. Here
loughby taken the Earl of Lindley was mortally wounded, performing the part of a valiant
prifoner. man, as well as an expert General; and his Son the Lord Willoughby coming
Sir Edmond in to his refcue, taken prifoner. Sir Edmond Varney the Standard-bearer was flain
Verney flain.
under it: But another brisk charge being made upon Balfour, and fresh fupplies
coming
Effex.
1
1643.
41
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Standard ta-
ken, and rescu
Smith, whom
Both Armies
marcheth to
coming into that part fo diftreffed; the Standard taken by Effex,and in the hands The Kings
of one Chambers his Secretary, was rescued by Sir John Smith, whom the King
after the battel Knighted,and made him a Banneret for his noble ſervice; and the ed by Sir John
Parliamentarians were repelled again.
It was neer evening, and both Armies flood at a gaze; Horfe being drawn, the King there-
as in the beginning of the fight, on both fides of the Foot, neither of them at-
fore Knighted.
tempting any more on either part: the Royaliſts knew that Eſſex had received divide.
an addition as aforefaid under Hambden, and ſo were ftronger in Foot; the Ef- The King re-
fexians likewife knew that Prince Ruperts Horfe, which were the beft, were as treats.
good as freſh and untouched, and they had tafted of their Gallantry. In this Earl of Effex
confultation they ſtood till night, when the King retreated to the place from warwick.
whence he defcended, the fide of Edge-Hill, where with the Prince in his Coach The Victory
he paffed that night, his Army keeping great Fires; and in the morning march- doubtful on ei
ed his Foot away, while the Horfe ftood in Battalia towards dyno. The Earl of
ther part.
Banbury Gar
Effex lodged that night on the place where the fight was, and then (not with- riſoned by the
out fear and diſcouragement ) marched to Warwick, leaving the King to purſue King.
his way for London, which was the thing by this fight he attempted to hin- Solemn thanks
der.
given on both
fides.
The Victory is queſtioned by either part: the King was deuyed it, becauſe he The Parliament
left the field, and the dead to the difpofal of the enemy, and marched away. reward the
That was anſwered, that it was agreeable to the Kings defigne, which was no more Earl of Effex
than to make his way free for London aforefaid; and expedition was requifite. Slain on both
with 5000l.
It is denyed alfo to the Parliament, for that they loft fomewhat more men, and fides neer
more Standards, and received a confefs'd defeat in one part of the Army: But
the main was, that they durft not offer to fet upon or impede the King in his
March the next morning, but got away far enough from him to Coventry, and
thereby loſt Banbury (wherein was a well-appointed Garriſon) to the King;
which was a remakable Trophee of his Conqueft.
However, both parties gave God folemn thanks (on days fet apart) for their
ſucceſs and victory; the Parliament adding other to their General for his va-
lour and good conduct in that buſineſs, and preſented him with 50001. for
reward of his fervice.
a
coo. On the
Kings fide, the
Lord Aubig-
ney, Col.Mun-
ro, &c.
On the Parlia.
ments, the Lord
col. Ramley.
St. John, Lieny
Earl of Eflex
marcheth to-
wards Coven-
towards Lon-
On both fides were flayn here neer 6000 men, as by the Country it was try, the King
judged, who had the burial of the dead. On the Kings party were flayn of by Ayno to
note, the right Noble and valiant the Lord Aubigney, who died of his wounds Banbury, to
at Abingdon, and was buried in Chrift-Church Oxford, (Father to the moft illus Oxford, and
ftrious Charles Duke of Richmond); the Earl of Lindsey, Sir Edmond Varney, don.
as before, and Colonel Monro a Scotch-man. On the Parliaments fide, the commiffioners
Lord St. John of Bletfo, who dyed alfo of his wounds; Colonel Effex, and from the Par-
Lieutenant-Colonel Ramfey; all men of fingular courage and refolution. liament tender
The Earl of Effex next day marched towards Coventry, and the King by Ayo, ly to prevent
(where his Army refreshed themfelves) to Banbury, which was prefently de- the Kings in-
livered to him; and ſo to Oxford.
Propofitions,on-
tentions, and to
Effex to re-
met with the
The King marching from Oxford, was by the way to London met by Com- gain time for
miffioners from the Parliament, tendring Propofitions, and defiring that during crit: a notable
the Treaty the Kings Army ſhould march no neerer this way; to fpin time, Skirmiſh_at
while Effex could recruit his Army Wherefore the King advancing from Cole- Branford,
brook, came to Brainford, where part of the Parliaments Army, (being the Re- where the King
giments of Colonel Hollis, Hambden, and the Lord Brooks) for a while main- Regiments of
tained their ground ftoutly; but being over-powred, fome were driven into the col. Hollis,
River, and there drowned, and three hundred flayn, among whom was Lieute- Col. Hamb
nant-Colonel Quarles, and as many taken prifoners. This brought a general Lord Brooks.
confternation upon the City of London; all fhops were fhut up, and all the Re- 300 Parlia
giments, both Trained Bands and Auxiliaries, were drawn out: So that the mentarians
Earl of Effex had a moft compleat and numerous Army of a fudden. Hereup- Naya, among
on the King preſently marched away, fearing to be encompaffed by the Parlia- whom Lien. Col.
Lien.col.
mentarians, over Kingston-bridge (which he broke down, to ftop the purfuit many taken
H
den, and the
Quarles, as
Effex prisoners.
1
}
1
1
42
The King at
Oxford.
Sir William
waller takes
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
Effex made after him) to Reading, and ſo to Oxford, where he took up his Win-
ter-quarters.
The Cities of Winchester and Chichester delivered to the Parliament, Marl-
Winchefter. borough to the King, and the Lord Hopton armed againſt the Earl of Stamford';
Chichefter feveral Towns taken for the King in the Weft, others for the Parliament in the
delivered to the North.
Parliament,
Marlborough Cyrencester had been Garrifoned by the Parliament-Forces of Glocefter,being the
to the King. mid way betwixt that City and Oxford. Upon this place Prince Rupert had a de-
Lord Hopton figne, though his march that way was given out for the regaining of Shudly Ca-
Arms against file, (out of which Colonel Maffey had fmothered the Royallifts with wet
the Earl of
Stamford, his hay :) for after he had paffed fome ten miles beyond Cyrencefter, he ſuddenly re-
Regiment put to turned back, and furprized the Guards, within two hours time became Mafter
the Sword by of the place, putting the Earl of Stamfords Regiment to the Sword, who made
Prince Rupert a flout oppofition, taking 11co prifoners, and 8000 arms, and other provifions
fter. Gloce- for War; it being newly made a Magazine. From thence the Prince came be→
fter fummoned. tore Glocefter, fummoned the Town, and departed.
Litchfield- The Lord Brook, and the Earl of Northampton were in Arms againſt each
Clofe Garri- other in the Counties of Warwick and Stafford, where ſeveral ſmall skirmiſhes
Soned by the K.
Besieged by the had been between them: At left, in March, the Lord Brook, came and befieged
Lord Brooke. Litchfield Close, Garriſoned by the King; and as he was viewing the approaches
He is killed by to it out of a Window in the Tower, a tingle Bullet from the Cloſe ſhot him in
a Musket-fbot:
the head through the eye; of which he fell down dead: nevertheleſs the fiege
The Clofe de-
livered to the was continued, and the Clofe delivered to the Parliamentarians.
Parliament.
The Regiments
of the Lord
Wilmot, Lord
Grandiſon,
Lord Digby,
Sir William
Penniman,
Col. Blague,
Col. Uher,
and Col. Grey,
take Marlbo-
rough, with
the Governour
Col. Ramſey.
Tadcafter
besieged by the
Earl of New-
Caftle, taken
and Garrison'd
by the King.
Lord Fairfax
formeth Leeds.
The Royalifts
defeated.
1
His death happened by the ſhot atorefaid on St. Chads day, in whoſe memory
the Minfter from whence he was killed is called by the name of St. Chad, he
being the firft Bishop of that See.
The Kings Forces under the command of Lieutenant-General the Lord Wil-
mot, affifted with his own Regiment of Horfe, that of the Lords Grandifons
and Digbies, with Sir William Pennimans and Colonel Blagues Regiment, of
Foot, and Colonel Uſhers and Colonel Greys of Dragons, took the Town of
Marlborough, defended by Colonel Ramfey a Scot, and about five hundred Foot;
the faid Ramfey, and divers of the chief Rebels brought prifoners to Oxford;
all their Arms taken, and four Colours, and the Town Garifoned for the
King.
$
This day paid fuccefs to the King alfo in the North, where the Earl of New-
Castle betieged Tadcaster, a place well tortified, and better manned; the itrength
of the Parliament-Forces being fummed up in this Town and Hull. Several
Affaults were made moft part of that day and evening, wherein feveral were
killed, among whom was Captain Lifter. This retolution fo difcouraged
the defendants, that they Slipt away in the night to Cawood and Selby, leaving
the Town in a very tenable condition for his Majefties ſervice.
{
Leeds ſtormed by the Lord Fairfax, and a defeat given to the Royalifts there-
abouts, and Belvoir-Caftle, belonging to the Earl of Rutland, furprized for the
Belvoir-caftle King; while neer the fame time, Colonel Maffey played feats in Glocefter-shire,
Surprized for
and Salisbury plundered by another party of the Parliaments. Taram-fight al-
the King.
Col. Malley ſo betwixt Colonel Goring and General King, againſt ſome Forces of the Par-
active in Glo- liament, as Colonel Goring was conveying the Arms and Ammunition he
cefter-ſhire. brought over with him from Holland, who had the Victory.
Saliſbury
plundered by
the Faction
1
About this time happened a Skirmifh betwixt Colonel Hambden and Sir
Gilbert Gerrard at the Brill, of which Sir Gilbert was Governour : wherein a-
bout a hundred were killed and wounded of the Parliaments 'fide; the reft
Sir Gilb. Ger- Aed..
Yarum fight.
rard puts-
Hambden to
flight.
£
LA
The Queen having taken Shipping at Sebeveling neer the Hague in Holland,
on the 22 being met by the Earl of Newcastle the Marquels of Montroẞ, and
Queen landing the Lord Ogilby, the landed at Burlington-Bay, where on the 24 came four Ships
at Burling of the Parliaments, who making feveral ſhots of cross-Bars against the houſe,
ton-Key, is in
immineat dan-
fhe was forced to rife out of her Bed, and to get under a Hill to fave her life;
geri
and
1
1642.
43
England, Scotland and Ireland.
'and then was honourably conducted through Malton and Norburton to York, and But efcaping, is
from thence not long after (to his Majefties great content, who moſt entirely
loved her, as the him) met the King at Edge-Hill.
conducted to
ord
York, and
from thence to
After General Effex had recruited his Army with new fupplies, the first thing the King at
he attempted was the fiege of Reading; which being manfully defended by Edge-Hill.
Sir Arthur Afton, till he received a wound on his head by the falling of a Brick- Reading befie-
bat; and the relief brought by the King himself from Oxford being worfted at of Effex.
ged by the Earl
Caversham-bridge, after ten days fiege was yielded by Colonel Fielding (then The Governour
fubftituted Governour) to the Parliament.
Sir Arthur
ded.
In the North, things went fomething equaller then before on the Parliaments Afton moun-
fide: Sir Thomas Fairfax had defeated the Kings Forces under the Marquefs of col. Fielding
Newcastle at Wakefield, and buoyed up the finking intereft of that Caufe. Mon- yields the Town
mouth likewife was taken by the Parliaments Forces under the command of to the Parlia
Sir William Waller; who alfo took Hereford and other places.
ment.
Marq. of New-
This in fum: more particularly now. Of the Weft, where the Kings inte- caſtle defeated
reft bore the greateft fway, we have hitherto faid little: It will be now time to at Wakefield
turn that way, and fee from what beginnings the War arofe in that. quarter, by Sir Tho-
where for the most part, its principal events and concerns were placed.
mas Fairfax
Monmouth
Wil. Waller
Two Proclamations were about this time publifhed; one from the Earl of and Hereford
Cumberland, the other from the Earl of Newcastle; whereby Ferdinando Lord taken by Sir
Fairfax, Sir Thomas Fairfax, Sir Matthew Bointon, Sir Edward Loftus, Sir Henry
Forbes, Sir Thomas Malleverer, Sir Richard Darby, Sir Christopher Wray, Sir Hen- ment.
ry Anderson, Sir John Savil, Sir Edward Rodes, Sir Hugh Cholmley, Sir Thomas Ferdinando
Rennington, Sir Thomas Norcliffe, and others, were declared Traytors; which Lord Fairfax
the Parliament retaliate upon the Earls in like manner.
and his fon
Tho. Fairfax,
The menage of the Military matters there, were on the Kings part, as to the with others
remote Counties of Cornwal and Devon ſhire, (after the Retreat of the Marquefs proclaimed
of Hertford, Lieutenant-General of the Wettern Affociation, with Sir Lewis Traytors, by the
Dives out of Sherburn (where they were befieged by the Earl of Bedford, but Earl of Cum.
in vain) in Dorceſter-fhire) was committed to four eminent perfons, viz. the the Earl of
berland, and
Lord Mobun, Sir Ralph Hopton, Colonel Ashburnham, and Sir John Barkley; by Newcafile.
whoſe joynt Counfels and Forces, levyed by their reſpective Friends and Inte- The two afore-
refts, an Army was framed to oppoſe the Earl of Stamford, then coming down
Jaid Earls pro-
from Glocefter, where he first was made Governour, as Lord-Lieutenant joyntly tors by the Par-
claimed Tray-
with the Lord Roberts of the fame County, to fettle the Militia for the Parliament.
liament; having a Commiffion therefore, according to that Ordinance; which The King more
fervice was well advanced.
profperous in
the weft.
At the approach of this enemy, near Liskard, it was taken into confide- Liskard fight
ration to whom the alone charge and ordering of the Battel fhould be intru- January 19.
fted, for four would breed diſtraction: whereupon the bufinefs of the day Sir Ralph
was deſervedly devolved upon Sir Ralph Hopton, who had been an old Souldier Hopton chief
in the Low-Countries; and yet before the War, had been taken for a Puritan, the King at
Commander for
and a Commonwealths-man, againſt the Prerogative: he was defired by them Liskard.
all, as hitherto they had prevented any fuch divifion, by an equal moderation,
to take it upon him.
After therefore he had commanded publique prayers in the head of every He orders pub-
Squadron, (which was performed) he drew up the Foot in the beſt Order he like Prayers a
could, placing a Forlorn of Mufqueteers in the little encloſures, and then wing- the bead of each
ed them with the Horfe and Dragoons he had.
Squadron.
This done, two Minion fmall Drakes being fetched from the Lord Mobuns The Royalifts
houſe, were planted within random-fhot of the enemy, concealed by the get the day, and
Horſe from them; which were diſcharged with fuch fuccefs, that the enemy come to Lif
quickly quitted their ground, and in a rout fled; on which the Royalifts did kard.
fparing execution. There were taken 1250 priſoners, moſt of their Colours,
all their Canon, Arms and Ammunition; and fo the Victor-Army came that
night to Liskard.
Salt-Alh was affaulted and forced by Sir Ralph Hopton, where he took ten faulted by
H 2
Salt Afh 4f-
pieces Hopton.
44
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
Litchfield be-
pieces of Ordnance, 700 more Priſoners, 400 Arms, and a Ship with 16
pieces of Ordnance.
Litchfield was no fooner delivered to the Parliamentarians, but Spencer the
fieged and fum. valiant Earl of Northampton comes and befieges it again for the King, and
moned by the fummons the Governour Lieutenant-Colonel Ruffel to deliver it to him: he re-
Earl of Nor-
fufeth; and in the interim Sir William Brereton and Sir John Gell advance to
thampton,
March 19.
his relief, with 3000 men and upwards: againſt theſe the Earl draws off a
The Governour Party from the Leaguer, and at Hopton-Heath, on a ground full of Cony-
relieved by
Breton and boroughs, (which afforded ill footing for Horfe, of which the Earls Forces
Gell; Hopton-
chiefly confifted) Charges the Parliamentarians, where at laſt he obtained a
Heath Fight. Victory with the price of his life; a dear bargain for the King and his Cauſe,
The Earl of of which he was a moft magnanimous Affertor; he was firft unhors'd, whether
by the difadvantage of the Ground, or born down by the Enemies, is uncer-
tain he refufed quarter, and was killed by a private unlucky hand. His For-
ces returned afreſh to the Siege, where foon after they were feconded by Prince
Rupert, who having coafted the Country from his fummons of Glocefter into
Wales, returned back by Litchfield, where he fo powerfully carried on the Siege,
Litchfield fur that the ftout Governour was compelled to hearken to his Terms, and furren-
Prince Rupert. der that place, which continued for the King throughout the War; the price
it coft being well worth, and requiring the fafe keeping of the Jewel. The
rendition was the 16 day of April: I would not disjoyn the ſtory, for the years
fake.
Northamp-
ton flain.
rendred to
·
Grantham ta-
ken for the K.
Colonel Charles Cavendish reduced Grantham to the Kings obedience, taking
350 Priſoners, with Officers and Colours, and then demoliſhed the Fortifica-
by Colonel Ca- tions; the like fortune had the Parliamentarians in recovering Marlborough from
the King, which was regained by them; but foon after, as not tenable, was
Marlborough
for the Parlia- lighted by all parties.
vendifh.
ment.
Prince Rupert
at Briming-
ham.
A flight skir
mish.
T
Anno Dom. 1643.
His year third of April entred and Maltered Brimingham Town, the reli-
began with the ſmart actions, as before, of Prince Rupert, who
on the
dence of a famed Lecturer. Some Welchmen were here got together for the
Parliament, where they made fome little defence; but were foon beaten up to
their Barricadoes, which they forfook likewife and fled; betwixt 150 killed
The Earl of and taken, fome good Ammunition, but all not worth the life of that tout
Denbigh flain. old Earl of Denbigh, who was here killed in the Service of his Soveraign.
Next enfued a revolt of a notable place in the North to the King, as the year
before began with a notable revolt of Hull to the Parliament: fuch another
parallax was throughout the War in the Weſtern and Northern Battels; if one
had the better in the Weft, at the fame time the other had it in the North. Now
Scarborough was delivered to the King by the means of one Captain Brown
Bushel, who long afterwards paid for it with his head at Tower-bill.
Scarborough
delivered by
Capt. Brown
Bufhel. for
which he was
beheaded.
Fairfax defea-
ted at Bram-
The Lord Fairfax, who commanded in chief for the Parliament in the
North, after feveral Velitations and Skirmiſhes betwixt him and the Earls of
ham-Moor. Newcastle and Cumberland, Generals for the King, who had declared this Lord
The Parlia-
and his Adherents Traytors, was overthrown at Bramham-Moor; and the
ments Cause en-
dangered; the Parliaments Cauſe, through this and other loffes in thoſe parts, greatly endan-
Scots invited to gered; whereupon the Scots were haftily follicited to come into the aid of their
their affistance. English brethren, as we fhall fee at large hereafter.
Queen pro-
claimed Tray
tor.
Now the Parliament flew high in their confultations at home; the Grandees
working upon the fober part of the Parliament, that the action of the Queen,
in bringing over Arms, Money, and other provifions for the affiftance of the
King, was a dangerous deftructive bufinefs, wound up the anger of the two
Houſes to fuch a pitch, that ſhe was proclaimed Traytor: and at the fame time,
down
1643.
45
England, Scotland and Ireland.
down went all the Croffes throughout England; particularly, the third of this cheapfide-Cross
and other Crof
moneth, Cheapfide Croſs was demoliſhed.
fes demolished.
And for the better carrying on of the work of Reformation, Mr. Henry The Regalia
Martin a Member of Parliament enters violently into the Abby-Church at West- (eized at Weft-
minſter, defaces the Ornaments of the Church, and breaking open two doors minfter by Mr.
makes his way to a private place where the Crowns, Scepters, and other Uten- H. Martin.
fils of State uſed by Kings on their day of Coronation were: but Mr. Wheeler
perfwaded him to be more moderate, he only fecured them by fealing up the
Doors.
After this beginning of Reformation, the Parliament took the Solemn League Covenant taken
by the Parlia
and Covenant at Westminster. It was firft framed in Scotland, and was general- ment,
ly taken by them in the Year 1639. The main drift of it was againſt the Epif- the Londoners,
copal Dignity, and was now, for the mutual indearment of the two Nations and all within
(afhttance being promiſed the Parliament from Scotland) preffed upon all in the Parliaments
England, where the Parliaments power was Paramount, being taken through-
out London the fifth of this moneth.
command.
Effex advan-
The Earl of Effex advanceth from Reading to Tame, where a general fick- ceth from Rea-
nefs feized upon the Army: during their quartering there about, Prince Rupert ding to Tame
fell into part of their quarters; but the Effexians taking the Alarm, and Prince Rupert
drawing out, the buſineſs came to a Fight in Chalgrave field, where Colonel falls upon their
Hambden that great ſtickler againſt Shipmoney was mortally wounded. It was Chalgrave
obfervable, that in this place the faid Colonel Hambden firft Lifted and Trained fight, Hamb-
his men in the beginning of the War.
quarters.
den mortally
The Lord Keeper Littleton having departed with the Great Seal to Oxford, Littleton
wounded.
according to the Kings Command, the Parliament voted a new Great Seal to be
made.
Ld.
flies with the
Great Seal to
Oxford, a sem
Sir R. Hopton
To caft an eye to the affairs of the Weft, Sir Ralph Hopton, after his little
victory at Liskard, having made fure of the County of Cornmal, and eftablished one voted.
all things to the advantage of the Kings affairs there, marched into Devonshire,to marcbeth into
oppoſe the Earl of Stamford and Major-General Chudleigh for the Parliament; Devon-fhire
with whom on Tueiday, May 16 a Battel happened at Stratton in that Coun- against the E.
ty. The Kings Forces had the difadvantage, both in want of Ammunition, and Ma. G.7.
of Samford.
and being neceffitated to March up a fteep Hill, open to all oppofitions, to Chudleigh,
come to fight, being in number not above 3000, the fixth part whereof was Stratton
Horſe and Dragoons. The Enemy were above 5000, with the fame quantity of fight.
Horſe, but fupplied that detect with the ftrength of the Hill, on which they
were fortified.
The Royaliſts attempted their afcent four feveral ways, and were as refolute- The Kings par-
ly beaten down; the fight continuing from five in the morning, till three in the ty worsted. Ma.
after-noon, without any certainty of event or fuccefs on either party. Major taken by Sir
G. Chudleigh
General Chudleigh charged ftoutly againſt a ſtand of Pikes commanded by Sir John Berkley,
Bevil Greenvile, to the difordering of his Party, and the overthrowing of and the fortune
his Perſon; but in time came Sir John Berkley, and reſtored the fortune of the of the day re-
stored.
day, by taking Major-General Chudleigh Priloner.
Towards the end of the day, the teveral parties met at the top of the Hill,
with great fhouts of joy; which the routed Enemy confuſedly forlook and
fled. There were taken feventeen hundred Prifoners, all their Cannon and Am-
munition, being thirteen brafs Pieces of Ordnance, feventy barrels of Pow-
der, with a Magazine of Bisket, and other provifions proportionable. By this
opportune Victory, all that Nook of the Welt was reduced to the Kings entire
obedience, except Plymouth; and for which important fervice, the King pre- Hopton
fently honoured Sir Ralph with the Title of Baron Hopton of Stratton, from the Baron Hopton
place where he atchieved his honour.
•
then created
of Stratton.
The Parliament had appointed firft Colonel Thomas Effex, then Colonel Na- col. Thomas
thaniel Fiennes, to be Governour of Briftot, of which in the beginning of the Effex and Col.
troubles they had poffeft themfelves: and having diſcovered a Plot of deliver- Nat. Fiennes
ing the City to Prince Rupert, (who accordingly was drawn down near the Governors of
place
Briſtol.
46
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
f
Yeomans and place expecting the Signal, which was ringing of a Bell, and opening a
Bourcher exe- gate) furprized and fecured the intelligencers, viz. Mr. Robert Teomans, and
Earl of Nor- Mr. George Bourcher, two of the Citizens; and foon after, notwithſtanding the
thampton de- King and his Generals mandates, and threats of retaliation, difloyally executed
feats Colonel
them in that City.
cuted.
Wardour-Ca-
John Fiennes. James Earl of Northampton defeats a body of Parliamentarians in Middleton
Merken for Cheiny Town-field, under Colonel John Fiennes, killed 200, took 300 more,
the Parliament, with their Arms (while the reft fled to Northampton) and brought them into
and a while af Banbury his Garifon. At this time alfo Wardour-Caftle in Wilt-fhire was taken
ter retaken by by the Parliaments Forces, and not long after retaken by Sir Francis Dorrington.
But enough to be faid of fuch petty places.
Sir Francis
Dorrington,
Sir William
Parliament.
Hopton joyas
with Prince
Maurice and
ford.
Landfdown
fight.
Sir Bevil
Greenvil and
Sir Nicholas
Slanning ad-
Sir William Waller was now advanced into the Weft with a well-furniſhed
Waller Garri- Army, to prevent thofe dangers which the growing Fortunes of the Lord Hopton
Jons Taunton threatned to the Cauſe, and the well-affected in thofe Counties. By force part-
and Bridg-
Water for the ly, and partly by perfwafion, he had fcrewed himſelf into a great many
Towns, chiefly Taunton and Bridge-water, which he Garifoned: whereup-
on the Lord Hampton joyning with Prince Maurice and the Marquefs of Hart-
ford, advanced Eaſt-ward, and at a place called Landfdown met with Sir
Marq. of Hart. William drawn up in a place of great advantage with Forlorns. Sir Bevil Green-
vil and Sir Nicolas Slanning advanced firft upon them, and ſome Horſe;
but Sir William had fo lined the Hedges, and the Horfe were fo galled with
Mufquet-ſhot, that they were forced to retreat diſorderly towards the Rear of
their Foot: when the Cornish-men came on with refolution, and beat them out
of their Hedges; and purfued them up an afcent, where they had almoft regu-
larly fortified themfelves by Hedges, and laid Stone-walls. From hence Waller
charged with a body of Horſe, and again diſordered them; yet they rallied,
and received another Repulfe, in one of which Major Lowre (that comman-
They are difor- ded part of the Horfe) was flain in the Head of them, as alfo that noble perfon
dered, Major Sir Bevil Greenvil in the Head of his ftand of Pikes, with which he had done
Lowre and
fignal Service ſo often; divers Gentlemen of lefs note falling with him, until
Sir Bevil
Greenvillain. in conclufion night drawing on, nay quite fpent, for it was one of the clock
in the morning, and paft, before they gave over, the Battel might be faid (or
a continued Skirmifh it was) to be drawn betwixt them, the Royalifts continu-
ing in the Field all night, having poffeffion of the Field, dead, and of 300
Arms, and nine barrels of Powder left by the Enemy, which by fome accident
Lord Hopton or treachery was fired, and the Lord Hopton thereby hurt and endangered. Here
were flain befides on the Kings part Mr. Leak, fon to my Lord Deincourt, now
Earl of Scars-dale, Mr. Barker, Lieutenant-Colonel Wall, Capt. James, Capt.
Cholwel, and Mr. Boftard.
vance towards
Sir William
Waller.
burt.
Divers others
pain.
Lord Hopton
furrounded by
Waller.
Round-way
Down fight.
Lord Hopton
rescued by Pr.
Maurice, Earl
of Carnarvan,
Lord Wilmot,
and Lord Bi-
}
That which on the other fide feems to fay that Sir William Waller had the
better of it, is, that within two days after he had cooped up my Lord Hopton in
the Devifes; this again is imputed to the want of Ammunition, the Royalifts be-
ing forced, as they were taught by their expert General, to boyl and beat their
Bed-cords to make Match of it. But long they were not furrounded in that
untenable place, before Prince Maurice, the Earl of Carnarvan, the Lord Wil-
mot, and Lord Biron, with 1500 choyce Horfe, came to their reſcue, and pre-
fented themſelves on the 13 of the fame Month by break of day, to the Ene-
mies Leaguer; and having given a figne to their Friends within, fell with much
valour on their Enemies, and routed them on Round-way-down: Which Onfet
being feconded from the Foot within, proved a total rout to the Enemy,
whole Curaffiers under Sir Arthur Hazlerig made fome refiftance; but being
once broken, became the ruine of the Infantry, who prefently fubmitted, and
had quarter given them. Here were flayn 800, befides what fell in the purfuit,
fled to Bristol,
thence to Farn which was continued ten miles an end with great Fury; but then their tired
to Horfes began to lag: And fo Sir William and Sir Arthur came firſt to Briſtel,
thence to Farnham, and from thence with expedition to London.
ron:
They rout
Waller and
Hazlerig; who
ham, and fo
London.
f
There
1643•
47
England, Scotland and Freland.
There were taken two Thousand Prifoners, four Brafs Guns, with their Am-
munition and Baggage, eight and twenty Colours, and nine Cornets.
Upon this fortunate day, the Queen with the King from Edge-Hill made The King and
her joyful Entry into Oxford; and not long after, the Earl of Lindley, who was Queen at Ox-
taken Priſoner when his Father was killed at Edge-Hill, was welcomed to the The young E. of
Court there from his reſtraint.
ford.
Lindſey at
This lofs foon reduced Eriſtol into the Kings hands, being delivered by Colo- Oxford.
nel Fiennes after three days fiege to Prince Rupert; for which furrender he had Eriftol deli
like to have loft his head.
vered to Prince
Rupert.
(urrendred.
Thefe fucceffes drew the King into the Weft, where Dorchester, Portland, Wey Dorchefter,
mouth, and. Melcomb, fubmitted themſelves: Bidiford, Appleford and Barnstable, Portland,
furrendred, and after a little difpute before Exeter, and fome Granadoes thrown Weymouth,
and Melcomb
in, and firing part of the Suburbs, the great Sconce being taken in ftorm, that Submit.
City was delivered to Prince Maurice, and Sir John Berkly made Governour.
Bidiford, Ap-
We must retrofpect a little, left the hurrying of the War carry us from pleford, and
other remarkables. The Marquels of New Castle a little before, Fryday June Barnstable
30, abtained a victory over the Lord Fairfax at Adderton-Heath, where he rout- Exeter deli-
ed the Parliamentarians, gained their five pieces of Cannon, and fo amazed vered to Prince
them, that they fled to Leeds, which way was precluded and obstructed; then Maurice, Sir
to Bradford, in their flight whither, he took and killed two thoufand, while John Berkly
Fairfax hardly escaped to Leeds with the Convoy of one Troop of Horſe. thereof.
The next day the faid Earl cane before Bradford, which after the Battering of Adderton-
torty great Shot, he took, with two thouſand more of the fame party the next Heath fight.
morning, with all their Arms and Ammunition. Hereupon Hallifax was quic- Fairfaxrouted
ted by the Parliamentarians; and Sir Hugh Cholmley took Beverley.
Governour
Bradford tas
ker.
The Lady Aubigney, Wife to that Noble Lord who dyed of his wounds at Hallifax quit-
Edge-Hill, had brought to London (according to the intelligence and defires tid.
of fome Citizens of London) from the King a Commiffion of Array; the Sir H.Cholm-
defigne whereof was, that they fhould feize into their cuftody the Kings Chil-ley takes Be-
verley.
dren, fome Members of Parliament, the Lord Mayor, and Committee of the Lady Aubig
Militia, all the City Outworks and Forts, the Tower of London, and all the ney bringsa
Magazines. Then to let in the Kings Army, to furprize the City, to deftroy Commiſſion of•
all oppofers; and this grounded upon refuſal of paying of Taxes impofed don.
without Authority.
Airay to Lon-
covered.
The Plot however came to be difcovered, and great noife was made about The defigne dif-
it. The principal men were Mr. Edward Waller a Parliament-man, who with Mir. Edward
much ado and great friends, came off with the fine of ten thousand pounds. waller fined
(Some Lords were fufpected to favour the bulinefs alfo.) Mr. Tompkins Clerk 10000 pounds.
of the Queens Council, Mr. Chaloner a Linen-Draper, Mr. Hifel, Mr. Blink- Some Lords &
others- fufpe-
horn, Mr. White, and others.
cted.
Theſe were all Arraigned before a Council of War at Guild Hall, where Tompkins &
four of the laft were fentenced to be hanged; and two of them fuffered accord. Chaloner exe
ingly, leaving fad and mournful Widows behind them, for their Loyalty and cuted.
affection to their Soveraign.
The Parliament now fet a Fine of twenty thousand pounds upon Judge Berk Judge Berkley
ley, who had been a long time Prifoner for encouraging the defigne of Ship- fined,
money; he is likewife voted incapable of any Office or Dignity in the Com- voted incapa-
monwealth, and to remain in Priſon during pleaſure.
ble of any pub-
like trust, and
By the King it was concluded to fet upon Glocefter, being the only confia Prisoner du-
derable place that held out for the Parliament in the Weft, and lay very incon- ring pleasure.
venient, hindering the intercourfe betwixt Wales and the Weft-Countries. The King re
In order whereunto, his Majefty on the tenth of Auguft came from Oxford in Glocefter.
folves to gain
Perfon before it with a Royal Army, (while it was hardly imaginable where
the Parliament could raiſe another Army), and that done, to march for London :
which proved a Fatal mistake to the King; for if he had gone directly for
London, there was no oppofition in readineſs againſt him, nor any place to kay.
him.
1
}
The
48
Part. I.
· A Chronicle of the Cicil Wars of
}
The Kings Gra
tious Summons
to the ſaid
City.
The King being refolved to gain Glocefter, after Prince Rupert had fummoned
it at a diſtance, having cloſe begirt it, and being difpleafed that fuch a forlorn
City ſhould ſtand out against him, yet defirous to gain it without blood and
lofs of time, which feemed then precious in his Career of victory, fent in this
honourable Summons by two Heraulds.
CHARLES REX.
O t
Ut of Our tender compaffion to Our City of Glocefter, and that
it may not receive any prejudice by Our Army, which We can-
not prevent if We be compelled to aſſault it; We are therefore perſon-
ally come before it, to require the fame ; and are gracionfly pleafed
to let all the Inhabitants of, and all other perfons within that City,
as well Souldiers as others, know, that if they shall immediately fub-
mit themſelves, and deliver this City to Us, We are contented freely.
and abfolutely to pardon every one of them without exception; and
do affure them on the Word of a King, that they, nor any of them,
Shall receive the least damage or prejudice by Our Army in their per-
Sons and eftates, but that We will appoint fuch a Governour, and a
moderate Garrison to refide there, as shall be both for the eafe and fe-
curity of that City, and the whole Country. But if they fall ne-
glect this offer of Grace and Favour, and compel Us by the power of
Our Army to reduce that place (which by the help of God We fall
eafly and shortly be able to do) they must thank themselves for all
the calamities and miferies which shall befall them. To this Mef-
Sage We expect a clear and pofitive answer, within two hours after
the publishing hereof; and by these prefents do give leave to any
perfons fafely to repair to, and return from Us, whom that City shall
deſire to employ unto Us in that buſineſs. And We do require all the
Officers and Souldiers of Our Army quietly to suffer them to paſs
accordingly.
To this Summons an Anſwer was returned in Writing, delivered by Major
Pudsey, and a Citizen, in theſe Words.
E the Inhabitants, Magiftrates, Officers, and Souldiers, within this
Garrison of unto
Their equivocal Wawring Glocefter, ante bis Majefties gracious Meſſage return this bum-
Anſwer.
}
{
ble Answer: That we do keep this City according to our Oath and Allegiance, to
and for the uſe of his Majesty, and his Royal Pofterity; and do accordingly con-
ceive our felves wholly bound to obey the Commands of his Majefty fignified by both
Houſes of Parliament; and are refolved by Gods help to keep this City accord-
ingly.
This equivocal ſtrange anſwer the King received without any paffion; onely
wondered at their confidence, faying before the Meffengers that brought the
Anſwer, Waller is extinct, and Effex cannot come. Upon the return of the
Col. Maffey the Meffengers, Colonel Maffey the Governour fet fire on the Suburbs, whither
Governour for Prince Rupert was advanced, but was driven out by the flame. The fame
and forceth.. night the Kings Army intrencht on two fides of the City, within Mufquet-fhot
Prince Rupert of the Wall, under fhelter of fome Houſes which the Fire had not catched;
red the Suburbs,
to retreat.
which cauſed the Befieged to fally out upon them, in commanded parties of an
hundred and fifty Mufqueteers at a time, then greater parties of five hundred
which came off with fafety, and did fome execution, fave the two laft, where
they received fome lofs by mifguidance; which made them afterwards cautious
how
1643.
49
England, Scotland and Ireland.
how they ventured out, having but a few men in the Town; the vanquiſhing
of any one of thoſe parties, being like to run the City into extream hazard,
whofe whole ftrength remained upon the Works day and night, except the re-
ferve of a hundred and twenty men at the Main Guard.
*
cefter.
The King was loth to fpill bloud, and throw away the lives of fo many The King un-
men as the Storming would coft, if he ſhould prevail; and therefore fell to dermines Glo-
Undermining, and fhooting out of Morters and Granadoes into the City;
which the City anſwering, would ſpeedily conſume their Magazine, which was at
laft reduced to three Barrels of powder, by continual fhooting of their Cannon
into the Leaguer, which did much miſchief. And to the Mining, the Governour
ufed Countermines; both parties working with great induſtry, while the King
thought it not honourable to vouchfafe to fend them another Summons: And
they held out in hopes of a fudden and potent relief; which came foon after,
as we now ſhall relate.
The Parliament was in great perplexity to recruit an Army fo much wafted, The Parliament
and therefore fince they could not raife a ftrength abroad, were refolved to make raise the Train-
ufe of the Trained Bands: Thofe that were well-affected to the Parliament en- ea Bands.
couraged each other to the work, though by wife men the enterprife was def-
paired on. For the General, Effex, was eighty miles off, and his march lay
through thofe Countries which were already harrafed by the Enemy.
Sir William Waller, who firft had received his Commiffion about the time of Waller conftiz
Edge-bill fight, and bad been defeated as we mentioned before, in regard of his
tuted Major-
Ger. of Kent,
vigilance and experience, though he failed therein, was intended for a Referve Effex, Sur-
to Effex in this Expedition; but that Ordinance of Parliament for him took no rey and
fudden effect, farther than the conftituting of him Major-General of Kent, Sur- Hamp-fhire.
rey, Eſſex, and Hampshire.
at
On the twenty fourth of Auguſt, General Effex Rendevouzed on Hounfloe- Effex Rendi-
beath, whither he was accompanied with most of the Members of the Parlia- vonzed on
ment, and from thence marched on his way, lodging that night at Colebrook, Hounfloc-
Upon intelligence of this Armies advance, Prince Rupert with the greatcft part at Colebrook.
heath, lodged
of the Kings Horfe drew off from Gloucester to oppofe their march, that fo P. Rupert
the Siege might not be interrupted. Several incounters were made by parties with a party of
before, who mif-judged the whole by the molt refolute Troops in the Van, who Horfe indea-
were fpirited with Money, and the Caufe, and fo reported it, fo that the King his match.
vours to impede
fearing a powerful enemy from without, and an obftinate enemy within, drew
off in the very nick,when he might probably have been poffeffed of it by delaying
his remove.
We will not mention other encounters, than that which happened on the The fight in
fourth of September, fo commonly known by the name of the fight at Stow in Stow of the
the Would. "The General fent Colonel Harvey with his Regiment of Horſe, and Would.
two Regiments of Foot, to advance a little before towards the right-hand, apd
the City-Regiments upon the left, under the conduct of Lieutenant-General ·
Bayly, Adjutant of the Foot. Prince Rupert having notice thereof, appear'd
with about three thouſand Horfe drawn up on the Hills, facing the Parliaments
Forces; and a ſtrong party (which ſpeedily executed their Errand) to encloſe
thofe Forces which being perceived, three Regiments advanced to Colonel
Harveys reſcue, and thereupon the Kings Forces retreated to their main Body.
Better order was afterwards taken for that ſmall diftance from Gloucester by Gen. Effex at
Effexs fo that on the fifth of September the General advanced and came to Prefbury-
Presbury bills, where he drew up his whole Army in view of the City of Glou- hills, the fiege
cefter, and diſcharged four pieces of great Ordnance, to give them notice of his
of Glocefter
deferted.
approach. Soon after which, he faw the Kings quarters on fire; for immedi-
ately he deferted the fiege, and marched away all night, hoping to take better
advantages than the furrender of the Town would have offorded him; for
Effex was concluded to be tired.
The Relief being come, as before is faid, the Town was freed, with much re-
joycing both of the Garrison and Army; the City extolling and prayfing
I
the
50
Part. I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
the General for his timely and valorous advance, and he extolling their courage
and conftancy, and highly applauding the Governour for his skilful defence of
the City. The Generals Reer-guard ftayed on the top of Presbu y-kill, by rea-
fou of the ſteepness thereof, darkness of the night, and tempeftuoufnefs of the
Gen. Effex at weather; but the General quartered at Cheltenham: though during his March,
Cheltenham. the Kings Forces skirmished with part of his Army, and divers times beat up
his quarters while he ftaid at Cheltenham, which was two days.
Solema thanks
for the d livery
of Glocefter,
both there and
at London.
The King neer
Wilt-fhire.
Glocester.
It was hardly thought indeed that ever he could have been able to have effected
the bufinefs, but providence pleafing to continue our troubles, which either by
the taking or letting alone that City would have been at a neer Period,fuffered the
King to fail in the height of his hopes and expectations.
At Glocefter folemn thanks were rendered to God for this great deliverance,
with all expreffions of Joy and Triumph; and notice being fent to London, the
like was done there, especially by the Women, whofe Husbands were many of
them Engaged in that ſervice.
The King continued in his Quartets upon the borders of Wilt-fhire, with a
refolution to fight Effex in his return; which he muſt neceffarily do, tor recruits
Effex relieves and refreshments, having fuffered many difcommodities in the Expedition. He
Tewfkbury & departed with this refolution from Tewksbury, which Garrifon and that of Glo-
He furprizeth cefter he had provided with neceffaries, to Cheltenham, where he had notice that a
Si N. Crifp, party of the Kings Forces were quartered at Cyrencefter, being the Regiments
and col. Spen- of Sir Nicholas Crifp, and Colonel Spencer; which at midnight he furprized, and
cer, and takes took the Town, where he found forty load of Victuals, which mightily heart-
ned his Army, who had almoſt been famiſhed.
Cyrencefter.
Auborn-chafe
fight.
From Cyrencefter in leifurable ſhort Marches, of five Miles a day, he came to
Cricklade, and fo to Swinden, intending to pass to Hungerford. But when the
Van and Body of his Army had marched almoft over Auborn-Chafe, a Gallant
Body of the Kings Horfe, confifting of about five thoufand, fell upon the Rear
of his Army, which being foon difordered, indeavoured to make a Retreat to
their Body; but they were purfued too hattily both on Rear and Flank, fo that
it was done with great lofs and confufion. Being come to their Body, they
faced the fame Horſe, who again put them into the like diforder, until fome
The Parliamen- of the Van coming to their affiftance, the Kings Horfe were repelled; but fresh
tarians wor- referves coming on, topt the fury of the Parliaments Foot. Two gallant and
fled.
brave Charges were made, prefently one after another, and the Parliamentari-
ans driven again to their main Body; at which time Sir Philip Stapleton, who
had the Van for that day (as they changed it for reſervation every day) came
purpoſely back and drew up his Regiment to fuccour them, which cauſed the
Royallifts to retire; and fo the night parted them. On the Kings party, in
Marq.De Vieu thofe fmart charges and encounters, were flain a French Marquefs, De Vien ville,
with other Officers of good quality, whofe worth appeared highly on the
Parliament fide were flain two Captains, Middleton and Hacket: The worst
fell upon Colonel Sheffields Regiment of Horfe, which was utterly broke, and
two Standards taken, and very many men killed.
ville ſlain.
berry.
Nawberry
fight.
1
Effex marcheth On Thurſday the 19 of September, from his quarters at Hungerford, the Earl
from Hunger- of Effex marched to Newbery, and upon approach to the Twon, faw the Kings
ford to New- Forces upon an hill, juft in oppofition to their March; which the General per-
ceiving, himſelf firft advanced to a place neer the Enemy, and thence com-
manded Colonel Barcleys and Colonel Holborns Brigades to charge them: That
was done very fiercely, but was as refolutely recharged by Prince Rupert, who
never wanted the firſt and moſt furious brunts. This place of advantage was
contested for hotly by both parties, till both Armies being ready to grapple, the
difference of ground was not reckoned on; and the Kings Forces departed to
their feveral Pots.
Col. Barcley,
and Col. Hol-
born charge
P. Rupert.
The Battle being then begun, Sir Philip Stapleton advanced with his Regi-
ment of Horſe, and the Generals Life-guard; who being received by the Earl
E. of Carnar- of Carnarvan, he briskly Charged them, and purſuing them to their Foot, was
van flain.
unhappily ſhot in the head of his Troops.
( A
1643.
51
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
(A Noble-man certainly of as great ſpirit and affection for the Kings fervice
as any, and as much defervedly lamented by them; and to whofe memory more
publike Honours are due, than a private Interment in Jefus Colledge Ox-
ford.)
The Royallifts thus defperately Charging, were foon fallen upon the Parlia-
ments Body of Horfe; who giving clofe Fire upon them, put them to the rout,
and made Prince Rupert haftily return to his whole Body of Horſe. This gave Prince Rupert
opportunity for all the Parliaments Horfe of the right Wing, in which were the
Regiments of the aforefaid Sir Phil. Stapleton,Dolbeir,Ramsey, Harvey, and Good-
win, with the General's, to draw up together; whom the Prince moft refolutely
again Charged,and that fo thoroughly,that fome Regiments were fo mixed toge-
ther, that they knew not how to dilengage themſelves. In this confuſion ma-
ny were flain on both fides, and the Parliamentarians at laft forced to the Lanes
end, where in the morning they entred, and where their Foot ftood, in very
great diforder. Some of the Royalifts Troops purſued them into the Lane,
but being roundly faluted by the Foot, came back with fome lofs and danger.
In thofe Charges were wounded Colonel Dalbeir, Commiffiary Copley, Captain
Hammond, Captain Pym, and Captain Fleetwood. The left Wing of the Par-
liament and the right of the King could not be Engaged but in fmall parties,
by reafon of Hedges..
worsted.
Major-General
Effex.
j
As to the Fight made by the Infantry, 'twas fo divided, difperfed and dif-
The Kings In-
continued, that a ftable fixt account cannot be given of it further than in
fantry led by
parcels. The Lord Ruthen a Scotchman, lately made Earl of Brentford, an Lord Ruthen,
expert Souldier, was here the Kings General, who warily managed the Bat- Earl of Brent-
tel: on the other fide, under the Earl of Effex, Major-General Skippon com- ford.
manded principally in the Foot-ſervice, which he prudently and couragionfly Skippon prin-
performed; preventing the King, which was Ruthens defign, either to ſeize cipal Com-
his Artillery, or to fall on the Rear of his men that fought on the Hill, or mander of the
gayning that Hill behind him, or their laft nights quarter. Very many men Foot under,
were lott in this difpute; the Royalifts having feized on fome of the Artillery,
but were forced to defert it, leaving fome of the moſt daring of their Souldiers
behind them. About four a clock in the Afternoon, all the whole Army of
Foot was engaged in the Fight; which had proved a great deal more bloody, if
night had not drawn on; when the Kings Army, both Horſe and Foot, ſtood Both Armies
in good order on the further fide of the Green, intending in the morning to divided by the
fall on the Parliaments Army afresh. But other Counfels prevailing, as fup- night.
poſing better advantages ought to be made in their March home, they ſuffered
them the next morning to March on; which was very acceptable to men who
had endured much hardship, both for want of reft and dyet.
In purſuance therefore of a refolution to fall upon them in the Lanes, next
day Colonel Hurry, one of both fides, newly revolted to the King, with a
commanded Party of 800 Mufqueteers, and a body of Horſe, was fent after
them; who charging furioufly in thofe narrow paffages, put the Rear into an
abfolute Rout, who were compelled to stop the purfuit, to overthrow their
Carriages across the way. Being thus fled to their main body, who were
drawn up in Battalia in a Heath, whither they were ftill hotly followed, they
faced about, and gave the Royalifts fuch a welcome, that they ftood not to a-
bide it, but made all the hafte poffibly back again. In this after-Skirmiſh were
flain on both fides near 500 men; and in the main Battel the day before, and
in Auburn-chafe, betwixt five and fix thouſand; the greateft lofs whereof, if
any material difference, fell on the Parliaments fide, of which the moft con-
fiderable were Colonel Tucker, and two Captains, Maffey and Hunt: on the Col. Tucker on
King's, the aforefaid Earl of Carnarvan, the Earl of Sunderland, and Lord the Parl. fide
ſlain.
Viscount Falkland; both which were killed near the Kings perfon; (which was on the K. fide,
here very much endangered by fhot) and other Colonels and Officers; both the E. of Sun-
Armies with great valour and obftinacy maintaining their ground, efpecially ord Vilcouns
derland, and
the Faulkland.
اسم
52
Part 1.
A Chzenicle of the Civil Wars of
}
to be given.
}
the London Trained Bands and Auxiliaries, againſt whom the Royalifts had
the greateft fpleen, and therefore tafted of their refolution.
This Battel was fought Wedneſday the 20 of September, and on Thurſday
Effex at Read- in the evening. The General Effex after that encounter in the Lanes, drew up
ing, caufeth
the Army to Theal, and taking fome refreshment there, Marched the next
publique thanks
morning, being Friday, with the whole Army to Reading, where he ftay-
ed till the Sabbath was paft, and caufed publique Thanks to be given for his
victory.
About this time Sir Nicholas Crifpe, Farmer of the Kings Cuftomes,
and a
Commander for the King by Land, and afterward by Sea, commanding a Regi-
ment of Horſe, had the Convoy of the Train of Artillery from Oxford to the
Siege of Glocester; which he brought fafely thither, and quartered at a Knights
houſe in Rouflidge near Glocefter, where he findes the belt part of the houſe ta-
ken up by Sir James Enyon and other Gentlemen of no Command in the Ar-
my. Theſe Gentlemen chanced to mifs fome of their Horfes out of their Pa-
ftures, and ſuſpecting the Colonels Souldiers, very rafhly demand fatisfaction
of the Colonel; who refufing to draw forth his Souldiers upon Sir James his
pleaſure, the faid Knight departs, and fends a Gentleman to him with a
A duel between Challenge, the contents of which was, That he ſhould meet him in a certain
Sir Nicholas adjoyning Field with his Sword; which if he did refuſe to do, he would
Crifpe and Sir Pistol him against the wall. Sir Nicholas accompanied with only one Friend,
James Enyon. within an hour goes to the appointed place, where he findes Sir James and
the Gentleman that brought the Challenge', and defired to underitand of Sir
James the ground of his quarrel with him; adding, that his Command in the
Army might excuſe him from fighting; however, he was come with a Chriſtian
reſolution to give him all reaſonable ſatisfaction for what injury he had done, of
which he profeſſed to be ignorant. Sir James replied, he expected juftice from
his Sword; and thereupon drew, Sir Nicholas doing the like: the encounter
followed, wherein Sir James received an unfortunate thruſt about the rim of
Enyon kill'd. his belly, and was ftraightway conveyed to the aforeſaid houſe, and within two
days died.
Sir James
Sir Nicholas
Crifpe tryed by
a Council of
War, and ac-
quitted.
He kifleth the
Kingshand, and
is pardoned.
committed to
On Munday the 2 of October following, a Council of War fat upon Sir Ni-
cholas: but confidering the provocations that were given him in his own quar-
ters, they thought it juftice to acquit him from any puniſhment in that Court,
and referred hini to the King, who being informed of the occafion of their dif-
ference, Sir Nicholas was admitted to kifs his Majefties hand, and received his
Gracious Pardon under the Great Seal.
Pity it were fo worthy and learned a Divine as Doctor Featly ſhould be buried
Doctor Featley in Oblivion, though by the Parliament he was for fome years in the Lord Peters
Houfe in Alderfgate-street London, for oppofing the ftrict Rules of the Cove-
nant: he was formerly Minitter at Lambeth, but his Livings were given away,
and his Books beftowed on Mr. White of Dorchefter.
prifon for oppo-
fing the Cove-
aant.
He is received
at London in
Triumph.
The King at
Oxford.
From Reading the General was received at London with great Triumph; the
Army Marching into the City, and were welcomed, efpecially the Trained
Bands, by their Friends, and met by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at
Temple-bar; and the King departed to take up his Winter-quarters about
Oxford.
This Expedition, though not fo fuccefsful as the Parliament voyced it,
yet buoyed them up in their reputation, which was before very low; fo
that foon after they came to ballance the Kings fortune, which went lefs, through
the Confederation of the Scots, who were then in preparation, according to
the agreement and Covenant entred into here, to enter this Kingdom in affiſt-
ance of the Parliament.
The King fenfible of this, and for practifing whereof, or at leaft intelligence
*The R. commit-
teth Ma. Ha- with the main Agitators therein, he in January fent the Marquels Hamilton
milton to Pen- Prifoner to Pendennis-Caftle, who had all along affured him to the contrary. And
dennis-Cafle. being daily follicited by the preffing miſeries of his Irish Subjects, who were
not
1643•
53
England, Scotland and Ireland.
land.
not able to fubfift longer under them, to procure them fome reft and refpic
from the violence of that Rebellion, as alfo the better to withdraw his Prote-
flant Army out of that Kingdom to his own affiftance here againſt the Inva-
fion of the Scots, by the Marquefs of Ormond, his Lieutenant there, conclu-
ded a Ceffation for a year with thoſe Rebels, and then gave order that 3000 A ceſſation for
of his English Army fhould be Embarqued; which foon after, in November, a year in Ire-
lauded in Wales, under the Command of Sir Michael Earnely, a Wilt-fhire
Gentleman, flain in the fecond Newbery Battel, and Colonel Monk (after, the
molt renowned General, Duke of Albemarl) which being afterwards divided
to make up feveral broken Regiments, by Prince Rupert, were rendred not
fo ferviceable, by reafon of the change of Officers, and parting with their
old Comrades, as they might have been, had they continued in a Body to-
gether, being moſt of them veterane and well-experienced Souldiers.
The greateft part of thofe Forces befieging Nantwich in Cheshire, were fut- col. Monk
prized, after a fudden and ftout refiftance made, by Sir Thomas Fairfax, who surprized at
was ſent thither with all ſpeed to keep them from taking head in thofe Counties. Nantwich,and
Among the Priſoners was this Colonel Monk, who was fent up to the Tower of the Tower of
imprisoned in
London, where he continued a Priſoner in very hard durance, till the War London.
was near expired; and then took a Commiffion for Ireland; from which auſpi-
cious employment have fprung all his Heroick moft glorious Actions towards
the King and Kingdom.
But to give a more particular account of the War, which was parcelled out
into all the Corners of the Kingdom, we muſt infert here other actions of the
noble Marquefs of Newcastle, and thofe Forces which he fent the Queen upon caftle fends
Mar. of New-
her advance Southward to Newark The hot news whereof alarmed the Mem- Forces to the
bers at Westminster, moft of the Northern parts being already reduced for the Queen: divers
King, and thefe confiderable places fince the Battel at Adderton-Heath (gained places Submic
chiefly by the valour ¡of Sir Henry Howard, and Sir Savile, who both to them.
loft their lives there, and were interred together in Tork-Minster :) Howly Houſe,
Tamworth Castle, Burton upon Trent, and Bradford yeilded to the Marqueffes
Forces. Hallifax was likewife quitted by the Lord Fairfax, himſelf with much Hallifax quit
ado ſhifting up and down with his broken Party, and ſuffering Beverly near
and ſuffering Beverly near ted by Fairfax.
Hull to fall into the fame hands; until the Parliament fent down the Earl of
Manchester to oppofe this torrent of the Royal fuccefs; who rifing with his
Affociated Forces from Lyn, which was yeilded to him September 16 (part of fent against the
which had toward the end of July, under the Command of Cromwel and Ire- Royalifts, Lyn
ton furprized Burleigh Houſe and Stamford, and feized ſeveral eminent Gentle- yeilds to him.
men of thoſe parts, who were fent Prifoners to a new Goal in Maiden ftreet, to affist the L.
London,) Marched to the afliftance of the Lord Willoughby of Parbam, then willoughby of
hardly put to it, and who had lately yeilded Gainsborough upon Articles to the Parham.
faid Marquels of Newcastle.
Mancheſter
He Marcheth
And here I muft not omit the death of a moft eminent honourable perfon,
upon account of this unfortunate Garrison, while in my Lord Willoughbies
poffeffion. Some of his Forces had furprized the Earl of Kingston, Father to L. Willohg-
the prefent Marquefs of Dorchester, and brought him hither; whence for better by Surprizeth
fecurity of his perfon, which was of great concernment to the Kings affairs the Earl of
Kingfton.
thereabout, they refolved to fend him to Hall. In the way thither, Colonel col. Caven-
Cavendish, brother to the Earl of Devon-fhire, with a party purſued the Pin- diſh flair.
nace to a fhallow, which ſhe could not pafs; and demanded her, and the
Earls furrender which being refufed, a Drake was diſcharged, which un-
happily killed the ſaid Earl, and one of his fervants, being placed on purpoſe
on the Deck to deter the Royalifts from ſhooting: whereupon they preſently
ftruck Sail and yeilded; but with a juft revenge, were all facrificed to the Ghoſt
of that most Loyal and Noble Peer.
Notice of this party and their defign being given to the Garrifon, a fufficient
number under Colonel White a Lincoln-fhire Gentleman were haftned to relieve
the Boat, or recover it if taken, who accordingly encountred with the Royalifts,
and
54
Part 1:
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
t
$
Horn-castle
fight.
Sir Ingram
Hopton, and
and being too many for them, this right valiant Perfonage was forced to take
the Trent with his Horfe, which fwam him fafe to the other fide, but there
ſtuck in the owze and mud; and as ſoon as the Colonel had got athore off his
Horſe-back, the Enemy was come round by Ford, and feeing him defperately
wounded, offered him quarter; which he magnanimoufly refufing, and throw-
ing his Blood he wip't off his Face among them, was killed outright upon the
place.
To return the Earl of Mancheſter with his Horfe approaching there parts,
and this particular place, moft part of the Earl of Newcastles Army, then
quartering thereabouts, advanced to meet him; but the Affociate Horte were
fo well difciplined, and fuch chofen able men, that after a very fharp and fore
conflict near Horn-Caftle in Lincoln-fhire, the Royalifts were forced to flye, ha-
ving fuftained a great lofs, viz. 30 Colours (the Parliamentarians faid 35) ta-
The E. of New- ken, 400 flain, the chief of whom were Sir Ingram Hopton, Sir George Bowls,
caftle worsted. and Lieutenant-Colonel Markham, with other inferior Officers; 1000 Horle
taken, and as many Arms, and 800 Prifoners. After this Victory the Earl
of Mancheſter marched to Lincoln, and beleaguered it round, and ſummoned it ;
which the Towns-men flighted: hereupon a ftorm was refolved on, after a
weeks patience, and expectation of a furrender; and on the 20th of October
put in execution juft at day-break all round the City, which was fpeedily en-
tred by Manchester's Regiment of Foot, who flew all they found in Arms, and
moft cruelly plundred the Town, leaving it not worth a farthing. The Minſter
and Clofe were furrendred after a little refifiance upon quarter onely,and 2500
Sir John Mel- Arms taken therein; and preſently Gainsborough was quitted and deferted by
drum poffeffeth the Royalifts, and Sir John Meldrum poffeft it tor the Farliament, as not long
after my Lord Willoughby of Parbam took in Bullingbrook-Castle.
Sir George
Bowls flain
Mancheſter
befiegeth Lin-
coln.
Lincoln City
and Minſter
Stormed and
taken.
Gainibo-
ves into the
Aſſociated
Counties.
rough.
Ld. Willough-
Theſe fucceffes in thofe parts, the Parliamentarians making oppofition afreſh
· by poffeffeth in Yorkshire, allifted by the Mancashire-Forces, under Colonel Rigby and Sut-
Bullingbrook- tleworth, and who had fortified Lancheſter and other places in the County (which
Castle.
was generally for the Parliament, as to the vulgar, in hatred of the Roman Ca-
tholick Gentry, with which it abounded) caufed the King to fend away Sir
The King fends Lewis Dives and Colonel Hurrey with a party of two or three thouſand Horſe in-
Sir Lewis Di- to Bedford-fhire,and fo to make an eruption into the Affociated Counties, thereby
to divert Manchesters further Progrefs, who was now with Grommel and Sir
John Meldrum fet down before Newark, but upon this invafion was prefenty
recalled, for the danger was judged very great at London, which inftantly took
an Alarm; and by Effex's order the Hartford-fhire-Trained Bands were pre-
ſently raiſed to oppofe this unexpected enemy. Sir Lewis came first to Ampt-
He takes Sir bill, thence to Bedford; where he entred, and took Sir John Norris and fome
Foba Norris: other Officers, who would have encouraged the Towns-men to a refiftance, but
Affrights Hart- they fared the better for their compliance, whether out of their Loyalty or dif
cretion, I will not fay. Thence this flying party came to Sir Samuel Lukes
Bedfordshire,
houſe, and ſerved that as Sir Lewis was terved before in the fame County
and returns.
Sir Lewis Di- by the Sequeftrators; and fo proceeded as far as to face Hitching in Hartford-
ves, Sir Rob. fhire, and having foundly frighted thofe parts, informed of Manchesters re-
Heath, Justice turn, they ſpeeded back again to Oxford. The Members at Westminster were fo
John Banks, vexed with this incurfion, that they voted Sir Lewis Dives a Traytor,for levying
and Serjeant War againſt the Parliament; as they had voted the Judges Sir Robert Heath,
Glanvile,voted
Juftice Forster, Sir John Banks, and Serjeant Glanvile, who declared and affirm-
Traytors.
ed at Salisbury, in the Circuit, the feveral Treafons of Effex, Manchester,
and other fuperior Officers of their Army, to be guilty of the fame Crime
charged upon them; which was the recriminative temper of thofe times:
And thoſe perſons that were threatned with the Curfe of the Law, were ani-
mated in their Difloyal fervice by the thanks of the Houſe.
ford-fhire and
Forster, Sir
The Kentish In-
(urrection in
behalf of the K⋅
There had been a dangerous Infurrection in July this year in Kent, about
the heart of that County towards Sevenoke, but quafht by the early prevention
of Major-General Brown (juft as they were feizing moſt of the Parliement-af-
fected
+
1643.
$5
England, Scotland and Ireland.
f
fected Gentry having already Sir Thomas Walfingham a member of the Houſe in
cuftody) who was fent with two London-Regiments to fupprefs them: A fmall
skirmith or two happened, but not worth notice: for he had no Commiſſion to
fight, it fufficed him to keep them from joyning with more of that Malecon-
tent party,and driving them further towards Canterbury, whence by the care and
diligence of the Committees, a party of their own Country-men came and
reduced them at Feversham, with fome little Execution. Several perfons ei-
ther fled or fuffered for this Rifing; but the greateſt damage fell upon Sir Ed-
ward Hales, who was accuſed of promoting it as the like Loyal principle had
in the beginning of the War endangered the Eftate of Sir Edward Dering, a
perfon formerly very eminent in the Houſe for his defence and affertion of E-
piſcopacy.
i
Theſe tendencies and offers of thefe Kentish-men towards their duty, in-
vited the King at fome of their own inftances alfo to fend my Lord Hopton thi- Lord Hopton
therward, as he had done Sir Lewis Dives into Bedfordshire, to make a new di- marcheth into
verfion; and the Parliament to obviate fuch proceedings, though in the depth
Kent.
ted.
Cowardize.
of Winter, diſpatcht away both Effex and Waller with recruited Armies to Effex and
their feveral charges. Wallers Forces confifted chiefly of Volunteers which Waller recrui
lifted themſelves in the new Artillery-ground London, where he was greatly be-
loved and favoured, prefently after his defeat at Roundway. Effex marched by
the way of St. Albans (where Colonel Fiennes the late Governour of Bristol Col. Fiennes
was Condemned and Sentenced by a Council of War for cowardize in deliver- condemned for
ing it in January) and fo to Newport-Pagnel, which had firſt been Garri- Effex poſſeſ-
foned by Prince Rupert, and was of great convenience and accommodation to feth it.
the intelligence and commerce (befides hindrance, dividing and diftracting Newport-
of the enemy) between London and Oxford, the chief Garrifon for the King, dond
but now pretently abandoned upon his approach; and fo to Tofiter and North- waller ay-
ampton; Waller to Farnham and thofe parts, to attend the motion of the Lord pointed to at-
Hopton, who had faced Petworth, and entred Midhurst, and at laſt was clapt tend Hopton.
down before Aundel-castle, the extremeft parts of Suffex; whofe fhore before
pagnal aban-
we leave, we mult conjoyn a fhort account of the Ifle of Jerfey, which by Sir Isle of Jerſey
Peter Osburn was now delivered to Sir John Pennington, till Vice-Admiral for delivered to
the King in the narrow Seas; in exchange of which good fortune, the Garri- Sir John Pen-
fon of Pool had received a very great fuccefs, in an Expedition into the Coun- nington.
try, and the Earl of Warwick had joyned at Wareham with Col. Earl upon a
defigne againſt Corf-castle, but that fucceeded not.
ford.
Monfieur le Prince de Harcourt came hither a while before, as Ambaffador Ex- The French
traordinary, to offer the French Kings interpofition and arbitrement of the dif- Ambaſſador
ferences between King and Parliament; and was convoyed and fplendidly re- plendidly re-
ceived at Oxford; but his Coach and Pacquet fearched as he paffed the London-ceived at Ox-
Fortifications which he highly complained of to the Parliament, who to evade
his Peace-making errand, would not own him as an Ambaſſador Extraordi-
nary. He was followed upon the fame account to Oxford, whence he went and
came twice, with a Duch Ambaffador; but all to no purpofe: For the Parlia-
ment had now two freſh Armies afoot raiſed by the City, and a third (the
Scots) now upon their march, though a little before they earneftly befought an
Accommodation.
It is time here to remember other memorable things which happened a little sir John Ho-
before; the first was that of the two Hotbams, Sir John and his Son; thefe thams revelt
perfons eminent (more efpecially the Father) for adherence to the Parlia- and feizure.
ment, having first of all men denied the King admittance into his Towns and
Magazines, by putting themſelves into Hall, and keeping it by vertue of a pow-
er from the Lords and Commons, now either touched in confcience for the un-
lawfulneſs and the undutifulneſs of that action, or elſe not ſo highly regarded
and confidered, as that important and leading piece of ſervice might juftly
challenge from the Parliament, the Queen being alfo newly arrived in thofe parts,
who probably might have dealt with Sir John in the matter, he began to falter
from
I
મ
56
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars öf
}
i
from that firmnefs he had profeffed for the Parliament, which being gueffed at
by fome ſtrict obfervers of him, he not being referved enough in a thing of that
confequence, a party was made against him in his own Garrifon; and he too late
endeavouring to have fecured Hull for the King, was in the buftle knockt down
He and his Son in the ftreets, fecured with his Son, and both fent up prifoners to the Tower,
fent Prifoners whence not long after they were brought to tryal and execution. At the fame
time alſo returned Sir Hugb Cholmly, a Member likewife of the Houſe of
Commons, and who had fecured Scarborough for them, which (as before) was
afterwards put into the Kings hands by Brown Bushel.
to the Tower.
Mr. Pym
dyos.
7
A new great
Scal,
The King de-
clares at trea-
Jon, (ends a
Meffenger to
adjourn the
Term:
The other thing remarkable was the death of Mr. John Pym, the great
ſtickler againſt the King and his Prerogative, the Speech-maker of the Houſe of
Commons, that could wiredraw money with every word he uttered to the
City. He died when the Kingdom was in a flame, which he had chiefly
blown up, not likely to be extinguiſhed. Nothing is reported of his end cer-
tainly; and though there was a fable of his body being full of Lice, fure we
may be, it was full of worms afterward; and let judgment be left to God,
whether he engaged in the Times and Quarrel, out of a misguided or a reclaim-
ing Confcience.
Infert we here alfo, as matters of State, not War, that upon the carry-
ing the Great Seal to Oxford by the Lord Keeper Littleton, a new great Seal
was made by the Parliament, which the King declared to be treafonable; and
foon after fent a Meffenger to London, one Daniel Kniveton, to forbid the hold-
ing of the Term by any colour of the faid Seal; and did therewith adjourn the
faid Term: but the Parliament were fo far from giving heed to that Meffage of
the Kings, which was according to his duty delivered to the Judges in West-
minster hall by the faid Kniveton, that by a Council of War held at Effex-Houſe
they fentenced him to be hanged for a Spy; which was accordingly executed
upon him at the old Exchange, London, on 27 November. Add we alfo, that in
February the King convened the Members of both Houfes who had deferted
The Parliament them at Westminster, as a Parliament in Oxford. They met in the Schools accor-
dingly, and proceeded to feveral Confultations; but within a year totally dif
appeared.
He is condemn
ed for a By,
and banged.
at Oxford.
The Scots enter
England.
Divers places
furrendred on
both fides.
Prince Rupert
relieves New-
ark, and over-
comes Sir John
Meldrum.
To conclude this year with Military affairs; in January the Scotch Forces ac-
cording to compact entred England with a well-accomplisht Army, and in
February cross'd Tine. And to fum up the rendition of places on both fides, take
this account: Scarborough, Brimingham, Litchfield, Howley houfe, Burton up-
on Trent, Bradford, Hallifax, Bristol, Gainsborough, Dorchester, Portland,
Weymouth, Melcomb, Beverly, Bidiford, Appleford, Barnstable, Exeter, Dart-
mouth, Hawarden Caftle, Arundel-Cattle, taken by the Lord Hopton; Beefton-
Caftle, Lapley House, Crew-Houfe, Hopton-Castle, Warder-Caftle, regained; Stur-
ton-Caftle, and Newark relieved for the King, where Prince Rupert gained a
compleat victory againſt Sir John Meldrum, who commanded there with 7000
men against the Town; The Parliamentarians were beaten from their entrench-
ments, into a Houfe called the Spittle, or Exeter-Houfe, where they came to
a furrender upon capitulation, leaving their Arms, and Bag and Bagage behind
them, and a thousand men flain on their fide; Reading, Wardour-Castle, Mon-
mouth, Taunton, and Bridge-Water, Tamworth-Cattle, Burley-House, Glocester
relieved, Lyn yeilded to the Earl of Manchester, Grafton-House, and Arundel-
Houfe taken by Sir William Waller again, being again recruited with a freſh
Army, and a new Commiffion given him to be a Major-General of the four Coun
tics of Kent, Surry, Suffix, and Hamp‍ſhire; which leads this Chronicle next
to fome remarkable actions of his (which were much in expectation) in the
enſuing year.
$
1
Anno
1644.
57
England, Scotland and Ireland.
S
Anno Dom. 1644.
March 29.
Ir William Waller, after his reducement of Arundel-Caftle, Marched to
find out the Lord Hopton, to cry quits with him for his defeat at Roundway- Brandon or
Down. Both Armies were near one another a good ſpace: for his Lordship Cheriton
hovered about Wincheſter, and thofe parts; and at Brandon-Heath near Alsford,
down fight,
between Sir
was drawn up (having a little before in his intended March to the relief of wit. waller
Arundel beaten Colonel Norton into Chichester, who endeavoured to impede and the Lord
him) and ſtood ready to receive Sir William, who had taken the advantage of Hopton,
a Hill, from which the Royalifts with fury beat him, and drove him to another 3
where under the fhelter of fome Bushes and Trees, he fo galled the Kings
Horſe, that they were forced in fome diforder to retreat to their Foot. The Kings party
There was a hollow betwixt both bodies, which each endeavouring to gain, worſted.
many men found it for their Graves on both fides. The Lord Hopton therefore
feeing the flaughter that was made, and likely to continue upon his men, Lord Hopton
timely drew off his Artillery and Cannon towards Winchester, and then whee- draws off to
ling about, Marched for Bafing, and fo prefently to Oxford. In this fight was Wincheſter,
killed on the Kings part, that valiant perfon John Lord Stuart fecond Bro- from thence to
ther to the Duke of Richmond, who dyed at Abbington of his wounds; as alfo John L. Stu-
Sir John Smith, Colonel Sandys, Colonel Scot, and Colonel Manning, father to art, Sir John
that perſon who betrayed the King to Cromwel while he refided at Colen, in Smith, Col.
the defigne of Colonel Penruddock; for which he was ſhot to death in the Duke Sandys, Col.
of Newburghs Country; with divers Perfons of Quality wounded, among Manning lain.
Scot, and Col.
whom was Sir Edward Stowel, Eldeft Son to Sir John; and Sir Henry, after
Lord Bard; belides private Souldiers above 1400. Of the Parliaments fide,
few men of note were killed, about 900 common Souldiers; Colonel Dolbeir
wounded, and Colonel Tompfons Leg fhot off by a Cannon-bullet.
Oxford.
About this time the Dutch Ambaffadors came to Oxford again, endeavouring The Dutch Am
to mediate between the King and Parliament, but returned re infecta; from balladur at
whence the King alfo was defigning to march, being newly come thither from Oxford.
Reading, which he flighted. Sir Charles Blunt, a couragious Gentleman on sir Charles
the Kings fide, was flain about this time. Great and extraordinary preparati- Blunt flain.
ons were now made for this Campagnia, which I fhall next relate.
Effex and Waller, (who had followed the Lord Hopton to Bafing, and there Effex and
fhewed a mind of Befieging the houfe) now joyned their Armies together, a- Waller joyn.
mounting to a very great ftrength, with intention to fet upon the King at Ox-
ford; wherefore the Queen was fent away with a fufficient Convoy to Exeter: Queen goes to
In the mean time Eſſex plunders Abbington, and makes a Garriſon of it foon
after.
of the War,
Exeter.
Abbington
plundered and
of.
In this place, (which afterwards proved a Thorn to the Kings foot, not Garrison'd.
being able but in great Parties to ftir out of Oxford) Effex lett Colonel Brown, Col. Brown
and conſtituted him Governour thereof. This famous Perfon, as his actions Governor there
all along after declared, efpecially his latter, in his Induftrious Loyal endeavours
for the Reftitution of his Majefty, was no inconfiderable
having been defigned by the Parliament to the fuppreffion of Kentish-Com-
motions, and then as an affiftant to Sir William Waller at the taking in of Win-
cheſter and Chicheſter, was afterwards, when the War was ended, and the King
brought to Holmby, made one of the Commiffioners to attend his Majeſty;
where he was fo gained upon by his Princely Goodneſs and Vertues, that from
that time he was wholly changed,and reduced from all falfe Opinions concerning The K. march-
his Majesty, and afterwards proved a moft Cordial and Loyal actor and fufferer fter.
for him and his Caufe.
eth to Worce
The Parl.divide
To return: the King in the mean while marched with his Army from Ox- their Forces.
ford to Worcester; which caufed the two Parliament-Generals to divide their Waller feat a
jent
Forces again: Waller was to go after the King, as they termed it, A King- ing,
King-catch-
K
catching,
58
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
and Eſſex into catching, while Effex marched with another gallant Army into the Weft, which
the Traft.
was totally fallen from the Parliament. The King had but few Forces about
him, by reafon that Prince Rupert was fent with the greateſt part of the Army
Prince Fupert to the relief of York, then Befieged by the joynt-power of three Armies, the
feat to York.
Scots, Mancheſter's, and Fairfax's. In his way he Storms Bolton, and takes it :
but of that by and by.
The King having Traverfed his ground, came back again from Worceſter z
and Sir William Waller from out of the Skirts of Glocefter-fhire, was ready at
Corpredy-
his heels: Infomuch that he overtook him neer Banbury, at a place called Cro-
fight. predy-bridge. Waller drew up in Battalia on a Hill, expecting the advantage of
Wallerfets up the Kings paffing the Bridge: which the King adventuring to do, Waller de-
on the K.is gal- fcends from his Poft, and falls upon the Kings Rear beyond the Bridge, where he
ed by the Earls was fo gallantly received by the Earls of Cleaveland and Northampton, that he
of Cleaveland was quite Routed, Six hundred killed, and Seven hundred taken Priſoners,
&Northamp- his Train of Artillery, and many of the Officers; fo that Sir William was for-
ton, and put to ced to flie, and have recourfe to London for another recruit.
lantry receiv.
flight.
Henrietta born
The E. of Effex
ftithiel.
t
It was therefore refolved, upon this defeat of Waller, that the King fhould
immediately follow the Earl of Effex, who was advanced fo far, that the Queen,
who was delivered of the Princeſs Henrietta at Exeter the fixteenth of June,
The Princeß in the Month of July was fain to be gone from thence for fear of a Siege (lea-
at Exeter, the ving the young Lady to the tuition of the Countess of Dalkeith) to France,
Queen goes to where the landed on the 25th at Brest in Britany. At the beginning of August,
France. the King had overtaken the faid Earl at Leftithiel; his Forces in foilla condi-
defeated at Le- tion through their long march, and their want of neceffaries, which the Coun-
try-people kept from them, that it was concluded an eaſie thing to conquer
them: The King therefore refolved to coop them up, and keep all manner of
Provifion from them. After two or three days leaguer in this manner, the
Parliament-horſe broke through the Kings Army by night; the General, and
the Lord Roberts, at whoſe inftance this Expedition was undertaken, got by
boat from Foy to Plymouth; and the Foot being deftitute, and deſerted by the
Horſe, under the command of Major-General Skippon, came to a Capitulation;
by which it was agreed, they thould render their Arms, Ammunition, Artillery,
and Stores, into the hands of the King, and have liberty (as many as would )
to paſs home; they engaging never more to bear Arms againſt the King. So
that by this defeat the Parliament were quite undone in the Welt, as to prefent
appearance.
{
The Marquefs of Newcastle had been befieged above nine weeks in Tork, by
Marq. of New-
caftle Besieged the joynt Forces of the Earl of Manchester, the Lord Fairfax, and the Scotch
in York by the Army under Lefly; for the relief whereof, Prince Rupert was fent; who paffed
E. of Manche- through Shropshire, and thence through Lancashire, increafing his Forces by the
fter, Lord Fair-
fax, and Lef- way from the feveral Garriſons and Parties thereabouts. In his way he raiſed
ly.
the Siege of Latham-house, where the Countess of Derby had ftoutly defended
Prince Rupert her felf for a long time: He moreover took Stopford, Leverpool, and Bolton's
raiseth the
the laft whereof refufing his Summons, and being in no condition to withſtand
Siege of La-
his power, he defervedly (having maftered it by a Storm the third time) pil-
tham-boufe,
takes divers laged, ufing the right of Arms to thoſe who had provoked him by their impo-
tent obftinacy fides, it was noted for a Town of Sectaries, and fuch-like
people.
places.
The Siege of
York raised
On Sunday the laſt day of June, the Prince came to Knaresborough, fourteen
miles from York the next morning over Burrough-Bridge, and that night by the
River to Yorks upon whofe approach the befiegers quit their quarters, and thoſe❤
in York purfued their Rear, and feized fome Provifions: the next morning,
July the fecond, the Prince advanced after them, refolving to give them Battel:
which refolution was oppoſed by the Marquefs of Newcastle, as one who well
knew the ſeveral concerns of the three confederate parties, among whom there
had paſſed fome Jarrings in their Councels for Command.
But the Prince was determined to put an end to the Scotch danger, (which
onely
1644°
59
England, Scotland and Ireland.
onely retarded the Kings entire fuccefs) by a prefent fight; and though he
be much blamed for it, yet it ſeems and appears he had the Kings expreſs com-
mand to fight that Army with all convenient ſpeed and advantage. According-
ly it was his intention to fight them that morning, or at leaft by noon; march-
ing in view of them on the plain called Marston-Moor: But it proved feven at Marston-
night before both Armies Engaged. The Parliamentarians had taken the ad- Moor fight.
vantage of a Corn-hill, on the South-fide of Marston-Moor, four miles from
Tork; fo that the Prince accepted of what fighting ground they had left him. Prince Rupert
His Army was divided into Wings, whereof the Marquefs of Newcastle com- Main Battel,
manded one, the Prince the main Battel; though he charged in the left Wing, Marq. of New.
where was General Goring, Sir Charles Lucas, and Major-General Porter, Son cafile one
to Mr. Endymion Porter of the Bed-Chamber.
Coremands the
Wirgi
General Gor-
Being thus refolved, and drawn in Battalia, ready to charge and begin the
ing, Sir
Encounter, it was refolved upon the fignal, that the Princes left Wing thould Charles Lucas
commence the Battel; whither fome new Referves were brought to enforce and Major-Ge-
and affilt them.
neral Porter
feveral parties
The right Wing of the Parliamentarians Horfe,which confifted of the LFair The Parlia
fax's Troops in the Van, and of the Scotch Cavalry in the Rear, (againſt which ments Horfe&
the Prince had a more peculiar indignation) was at the first Onfet of the Scotch Cavalry
routed.
Kings left Wing of Horfe, (commanded as aforefaid) put to Total rout; the
Royalifts following them in the purſuit ſo far, (as it was their unhappy cuſtom)
that thereby they became the overthrow of their own Army. The Scots fome
of them ran ten miles an end, and a wey bit, crying out Quarter, with other
lamentable Expreffions of Fear.
:
gable Souldier.
During this Slaughter and Conqueft in that part of the Field, the Victory The Victory du-
ftood dubious on the other, where the Earl of Manchester's Horfe were on the Lett bious in other
Wing of their Army. Thefe were Raifed out of the Affociated Counties of parts, where
Bedford, Cambridge, Suffolk, Buckingham, &c. commonly called the Eastern chefters Harje
the E. of Man-
Affociates; and both for Arms, Men, and Horfes, the compleateft Regiments engaged.
in England: They were more abfolutely at the command of Colonel Crommel, Cromwel his
then Lieutenant-General to Manchester, an indefatigable Souldier, and of great Licat. Gen. a
courage and conduct of whofe actions we ſhould have ſpoken before, and have mol indefati-
mentioned how he firft fecured thofe Counties for the Parliament, purging, that
is to fay, extinguishing the University; fuppreffing feveral endeavours for the
King namely,taking Sir Thomas Barker, Sir Jo. Pettus,and Capt. (fince,Sir Thom.) Sir Tho. Bar-
Allen, Admiral of the Seas, and other the prime Gentlemen of Suffolk, Prifon- ker, Sir John
ers at Lowestoft in Suffolk, as they were met at a Rendezvous there, to pro- Allen,
mote the Commiffion of Array; as he did Sir Henry Connisby at Saint Albans imprisoned.
foon after, having reclaimed himself from the open vanities of Youth,and taken
up the fecret Vices of Old men; fo that certainly a firanger change was never
wrought in any man; each Vice skipping over its medium of vertue, (which
he touched not at all) becoming the contrary extream; his youthful Debauche-
ries proving in his Old Age all manner of Atheistical Prophaneſs, as Perjury,
Hypocrifie, Cruelty, in a word, what not? fo that indeed they had no more
parallel, than his as ftrange Fortunes.
Pettus, Capt.
He was born April the 25th in Saint Johns Parish, in the Town of Hunting- An account of
don, and was Chriftened in that Church the 29th of the fame month, Anno Dom. Oliver Crom-
1599. where Sir Oliver Cromwel his Uncle gave him his name, being received wels life.
into the Bofom of the Church by her Rites and Ceremonies; both which he
afterwards rent and tore, and ungraciouſly and impioufly annulled and renoun-
ced. That I may ufe my own words in his Life and Death' lately printed, and
tranſcribe a Paragraph or more which are of ufe here, for the information and
fatisfaction of Pofterity.
That year 1599, was the laft of that wonderful Century, and did juſt pre-
cede the famous and celebrated Union of the two Kingdoms of England and
Scotland under King James; as if it were congenial to Crowns, as to other
leffer acceffions of Felicity in private perfons, to have at the fame inftant a tem-
K 2
perament
60
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Born of an an-
cient Family
at Hunting-
ton.
perament and allay to their Luftre and Greatnefs; that as Fortunes right hand
preſented a Scepter, ſo her left hand was ready with a Scourge to wreak her
Envy and fury upon the glory and Grandeur of that renowned Succeffion to,and
accrument of Dominion. The fubtilties, Arts and Policies of his that Goddefs, un-
der the name of Providence,potently and irrefiftibly conſpiring with his, as clofe
Treafons and diffembled Treacheries, to the ruine and overthrow of this Church
and Kingdom, fingly and infenfibly accomplished by the mean and unobferved
hand of this bold and perjurious Politique.
Every thing hath its Good and Evil Angel to attend it; and that grand and
happy Revolution was to be afflicted and perfecuted by this Fury, to an almoſt
diffolution of its well-compofed and eſtabliſhed frame.
He was deſcended of a very ancient Knightly Family of his nante, in the
County of Huntington, where for many Ages they have had a large and plen-
tiful Patrimony: it will fuffice therefore to deduce him from no further Origi-
nals then Sir Henry Cromwel his Grandfather, a Gentleman highly honoured and
beloved both in Court and Country; who had iffue Sir Oliver his eldeſt Son,
Henry, Robert and Richard, and Sir Philip the youngeft (whofe Son, upon fuf-
picion of Poyfoning his Mafter, was acculed thereupon, convicted and hanged,
fome thirty five years ago.) This our Oliver was Son of Mr. Robert Cromwel,
the third Son of Sir Henry, a Gentleman who went no lefs in efteem and
reputation, than any of his Anceſtors, for his perfonal worth, until his unfortunate
Married to E- production of this his Son and Heir, whom he had by his wife Elizabeth
Steward, the Niece of Sir Robert Steward, a Gentleman of a competent for-
tune in this County, but of fuch a maligne effect on the courfe of this his Ne-
phews life, that if all the Lands he gave him (as fome were Fenny ground) had
been irrecoverably loft, it might have paſt for a good providence, and a happy
prevention of thoſe Ruines he cauſed in the three Kingdoms.
lizabeth the
· Niece of Sir
Rob.Steward,
who fettled on
him an Eſtate
after he had
confumed bis
Patrimony, and
intended for
New-Eng-
land.
Sir Robert
Steward de-
clares O. C.
bis Heir.
Cromwel gets
into favour
with the Fa-
ction; they
procure him to
wife, Eliza-
beth the
Daughter of Sir
James Bow-
cher, and
chooſe him Bur-
gels for Cam-
bridge.
For that eftate continued him here, after his debauchery had wafted and con-
fumed his own Patrimony; and diverted him from a refolution of going into
New England, the Harbour of Nonconformists; which defign, upon his fudden
and miraculous converfion, firft to a civil and Religious deportment, and thence
to a lowre Puritanism, he ſtraightway abandoned: by the former Repentance,
he gained the good will and affection of the Orthodox Clergy, who by their
periwafions, and charitable infinuations, wrought him into Sir Robert Steward's
favour, infomuch that he declared him his Heir to an Eftate of four or five hun-
dred pounds a year: by his ſecond change to Non-conformity, and Scrupulous
Sanctity, he gained the eftimation and favour of the Faction; fome of the
Heads whereof, viz. Mr. Hambden, and Maſter Goodwin, procured him the
Match with a Kinfwoman of theirs, Miftris Elizabeth Bowcher, the Daughter
of Sir James Boucher; and afterwards got him choſen a Burgeſs for Cambridge
by their intereft in that Town, which was totally infected with Puritanism and
Zelotry: and this was his firft projection and defign of ambition, beſides that it
priviledged him from Arrefts, his Eftate being funk again, and not to be repair-
ed but by the General Ruine.
,
I have the rather inſiſted upon him here, becauſe this is the place from whence
he began to appear in that eminence which thewed him to the people as a
moft able Champion of the Parliaments caufe, and from whence it is thought
he first derived thofe ambitious thoughts which after Ruined three King-
doms.
To give him his due, the Honour of this Field was mainly, if not folely af
cribable to his courage; for with his Regiment of Curaffiers he broke through
The Marq. of all that withſtood him, Defeating all the Northern Horfe under the Marquels
Newcaſtle de- of Newcastle; at which time the main bodies joyned, animated and incoura-
feated.
ged by his fuccefs.
Being thus over-powred both in Front and Flank, the Royallifts began to flie,
and Cromwel being impatient of any longer demur to his victory, which he had
to fairly bid for, omitted not to profecute the fame. In this unhappy juncture,
睿
​the
1644.
61
England, Scotland and Ireland.
the Princes right Wing returned to the field; but all was grown fo defperate,
and in fuch confufion and diforder, that it was impoffible to Ralley thems
and the fearful execution that was made among them, had quite taken away
the hearing of any Command, or obedience to Diſcipline.
diers.
They are over-
There was yet ftanding two Regiments of the Lord New-castle's, one called His Lambs ex-
by the name of his Lambs; thefe being veterane Souldiers, and accuſtomed to cellent Soul-
fight, ftood their Ground, and the fury of that impreffion of Cromwel, which
Routed the whole Army befides; nor did the danger nor the flaughter round
them, make them caft away their Arms or their courage; but feeing them-
felves deftitute of their friends, and furrounded by their enemies, they caft them-
felves into a Ring, where though quarter was offered them, they gallantly refu
fed it, and fo manfully behaved themſelves, that they flew more of the enemie
in this particular fight, than they had killed of them before. At laft they were ftroyed.
cut down, not by the Sword, but ſhowers of bullets, after a long and ftout
refiſtance, leaving their enemies a forrowful victory, both in refpect of them-
felves whom they would have fpared, as in regard of the lofs of the braveſt
men on their own fide, who fell in affaulting them. A very inconfiderable
number of them were preſerved, to be the living monuments of that Brigades
Loyalty and valour.
powered and des
rals march to
The Prince after this defeat fled to Thursk, and fo through Lancashire and P. Rupert fled
Shropſhire the way he came : (Night ended the purfuit : for it was eleven a clock to Thursk, c.
before the fight ceaſed, elfe more blood had been thed) and the Parliaments Ge- The Parl. Gene-
nerals to the fiege at York, from whence they rofe to give the Prince battel. the Siege at
Here were flain to the number of 8000 and upwards in the field and flight; York, from
which at certain was divided equally between both Armies: For what flaugh- whence they rofe
ter was made by the Prince upon the Scots and Fairfax, was requited by Crom- The loss of men
to fight.
wel on the left Wing as aforefaid, and the fight was furious and bloody there. fo great on both
It muſt needs be a great carnivage; for a month after the Battel, though the fides, that the
flain bodies were put into pits and covered, there was ſuch a ſtench thereabouts, Inhabitants
that it almoſt poifoned them that paffed over the Moor; and at Kendal, a place with the smell
were poyfoned
near adjacent, the Bell for fix weeks together never ceaſed tolling for the inha- of the Dead bo-
bitants who were poyſoned and infected with the ſmell.
dies.
The Marquefs of Newcastle, and the Lords and Colonels of his party who
complyed not with the Prince in the refolution of fighting, (his men having Marq. New-
caftle, L.Wid-
been fo long cooped up in York, and in no prefent condition for battel) took fhip- drington, Gen.
ping at Newcastle, and paffed over to Hamburgh; among whom was the Lord King, Sir Wil.
Widdrington, General King, Sir William Vavafor, killed afterwards in the Vavalor and
others paß over,
Swedes fervice at Copenhagen, and many others; which proved the utter loſs to Hamburgh.
of the North to the King.
Here were flain of perfons of quality a good number, fuch as Knights and stain on the K.
Squires, and the like; particularly on the Kings fide, the Lord Cary Eldeft fon fide, the L. Ca-
to the Earl of Monmouth, and Sir Thomas Metham, on the Parliament-fide, the ry, and Sir
Lord Diddup a Scorch Lord, remarkable by this, that when it was told the on the Parl.
Tho.Metham.
King at Oxford, that ſuch a Lord was flain on the Parliaments fide, he anſwer- fide, the Lord
ed, that he had forgot there was fuch a Lord in Scotland. To which one reply- Diddup.
ed, That his Majesty might well do fo, for the Lord had forget he bad fuch a King
in England.
The Victor Army being come again before York, fummoned the City again: York yielded
they had uſed before their utmoſt indeavours, by Mines and Affaults, (in one by Sir Thomas
whereof they loft near one thouſand men, and were beaten off) to have entred; Glenham.
to which the Governour returned anfwer, that he was no whit difmayed with
their prefent fuccefs; yet nevertheleſs on equal Conditions he would come to
a Treaty and Surrender; which in nineteen days after the battel was concluded
on. The main Articles were:
That the Garrison fhould march ont according to the honourable cuſtome of War:
That the Garifon the Parliament put in fhould confift two parts of three of the Coun-
ty of York: That the Citizens fhould be indempuifted, as well thofe abfent as pre-
Sent
62
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
7
The Parliament
vies.
A frange Tax
don.
fent, and have the benefit of thofe Articles: That the Cathedral and Churches
hould receive no prejudice,&c. According to which agreement, the Governour
and Garifor departed the 23 day of July; but the Articles were moſt of them
bafely infringed and violated, by plundering the people that departed out of
York to Skipton, whither by Articles they were to be convoyed.
New Levies were at this time ordered to be made by the Parliament, amoun-
raife new Le ting to twelve thouſand Horfe and Foot in the Southern parts of England, and
as many more were by their directions to their Commiflioners in Scotland in-
tended to be railed there, for a fupply and reinforcement of that Army then in
England; and like fums of money proportioned thereunto; the Scots crying
Give, give, while the Citizens of London paid for all: (upon whom this year
an odd kind of Tax was laid for the fetting out of Sir William Wallers Army, as
Laid upon Lon- was unpractifed ever in any War, that every Citizen fhould pay as much every
Tueſday, as his expences for a meal for his family ufually amounted to.)
During the Kings abfence in the Weft, and the Princes in the North, Sir
Bafing houfe
beforged by Sir William Waller had recruited himſelf, and joyned with the forces of Colonel
Wil. Waller, Norton, and Colonel Morley, who had drawn down before Bafing, a houſe of
the Marquefs of Winchesters, garriſoned by him, and kept for the King; which
being diftreffed for want of Ammunition and provifion, was clofe laid to by
the enemy. Many brave Salleys were made, and a multitude of men they
And relieved flew, fo that it was afterwards called Bafting-house. Waller was refolved not to
by Col. Gage rife, coft what it would at length relief was put into it, under the conduct of
and Col.Sir G. Colonel Gage, and Colonel Sir George Buncley, who with a party of 800
Horfe, each having a Sack of Meal behind him, refolutely paffed through the
Leaguer to the Houfe; and having unladen themſelves, as valiantly return-
ed back fafe again to Oxford. Nevertheless they perfifted in the enterprize,
till after Newbery-fight, the King marching that way, the Forces left to block
it up rofe and departed without it.
Buncley.
The befiegers at
laft depart.
The Siege of
Dennington-
Caſtle.
The Summons by
Col. Middle-
ton.
The Answer
from Sir John
Boys the Go-
vernour.
The befugers
affault the
Caſtle,
Dennington-Caſtle neer Newbery was Garriſoned by the King; wherefore Colo-
nel Middleton Lieutenant-General to Sir William Waller, came and fate down
before it with the broken remains of Cropredy, amounting to three thoufand
Horfe and Foot; he prefently made his Approaches, and feized a Barn from the
befieged, and then fent in his Summons; which for the honour of Sir John Boys
the Governour, who did the King Knight-fervice then and afterwards, (as by
and by will appearj în that place, are here inſerted.
For the Governour of Dennington-Caſtle.
SIR, I demand you to render me Dennington-Caſtle for the use of the King
and Parliament: if you pleafe to entertain a prefent Treaty, you shall have ho-
nourable terms. My defire to spare blood, makes me propofe this. I defire your
Answer.
For Lieutenant-General Middleton.
John Middleton.
SIR, 1 am entrusted by his Majesties expreß command, and have not lear-
ned yet to obey any other than my Soveraign. To pare blood, do as you please; but
my ſelf, and those that are with me, are fully refolved freely to venture ours in
maintaining what we are here intrusted with; which is the Answer of
!
John Boys.
Middleton perceived words would not do, and therefore advanced with Foot
and Scaling-ladders in three places the fight lafting fix hours, in which he
loft one hundred men, a Colonel, a Major, and other Officers, leaving them to
the
1
1644.
63
England, Scotland and Ireland.
W..
the diſpoſal of the Governour, and broke up his fiege, and departed Weftward come off with
to Effex; and by the way was met with by Sir Francis Dorrington, and Sir Wil- loẞ, and depart.
liam Courtney, who had laid an Ambulcado for him in a Lane five miles long, Sir Francis
They are met by
beyond Bridgewater, where being pelted with their Shot from the Hedges, he Dorrington
faced about in ſome diſorder, and fell upon the two Knights, who routed his Six W. Court-
Party, killed fome, and took many Prifoners. Retreating thence as unable now ney, and wor-.
fted;
to effect his bufinefs, which was to fecond Effex in the Weft, he fell upon a Par- They after-
ty of the Kings Horfe neer Sherburn in Dorfetfhire, which he totally routed, wards rout a
and with this different ftrange fuccefs fpeeded for London.
party of the K.
Sherburn.
Colonel Horton comes next to Dennington,and Summons it again, as Adjutant- Horse neer
General to Major-General Brown; and to as little purpoſe, being anſwered with Dennington-
fcorn this fo incenfed him, that with a furious Battery from the foot of the caftle again
Hill, on that fide next Newbery, which lafted twelve days, every day ſpending Summoned by
eighty shot, he at laft beat down their Towers, with a part of the Wall; and Col. Horton.
being increaſed with three Regiments more from the Earl of Manchester, he in Mancheſter
another Summons acquaints the Governour of his ftrength; but all in vain: comes to his af
at laſt came the Earl himſelf, who removed the Battery on the other fide, and fistance.
They batter the
proceeded by Mines alfo; but the Garrifon fallying out, fent them out of castle, but in
their Trenches, killed a Lieutentant-Colonel, and other Officers; which made vain: they de
the Befiegers flacken in their heat. They continued nevertheleſs Battering two part.
days after, and then ſeeing it bootless to lye there longer, rofe from the Siege;
the Earl to Reading, Windfor-Forces to Newbery, and Horton to Abingdon.
ty
About this time, the Reformation of the Church in defacing of its Paintings, The defacing of
breaking Glaſs-windows, pulling down Communion-Tables, and the like, was Churches in Ci-
almoft brought to pass in London; the laſt Church left, was his Majefties Chappel
and Country.
at White-ball, which by the order of Sir Robert Harloe, the Parliaments Com- Sir R. Harloe
miffioner in that Irreligious bufinefs, was likewife vifited in the fame rude man- 4 forward zea-
ner, and ſeveral Sculptures and Paintings, as guilty of Superftition, indeed of lot.
other mens Avarice and Theeving, were purloyn'd and fold.
in the Weſtern Counties.
peace.
The King had fent a Meffage for Peace, foon after his fuccefs at Leftithiel, as The King fends
he had done before from Evesham. This laft Meffage from Tavestock in Devon- a Meffage for
fhire coming to the notice of Somerfetfhire and Wiltshire Inhabitants, they pro-
feffed their Concurrence with the King, and that they would petition the Parlia-
ment to comply with the King, and end thofe differences. From this root fprung
afterwards that Affociation of the Club-men (after the Fatal bufinefs at Nafeby) An Aſſociation
of club-men.
Next to Dennington-Siege, remarkable was that of Banbury, where Col. John Banbury Siege
Fiennes commanded for the Parliament, and where he uſed Batterings, Mines, raiſed.
and Stormings againft the Caftle, wherein Sir William Compton was Governour
for the King whom he fummoned twice, and at laft had anſwer, that the Gover-
nour wondred he would fend again. Then Granadoes were ufed, which made a
breach, & gave them encouragement to Storm it again ; which was begun on the
23
of September: But they were Repulſed with great lofs, yet nevertheleſs they
continued their Granadoes and Battery, till the Earl of Northampton was come The Earl of
from the Rendezvous neer Newbery, and had joyned with the Forces under Colo- Northampton
nel Gage, newly made Governour of Oxford. Upon the approach of the faid the Governour
Earl, the Parliamentarians Retreated to the Weft-fide of the Town towards of Oxford, re
Hantel, while the Foot in fome diforder drew out of the Town, following their lieve Banbury.
Horſe; having fent away their Baggage and Artillery the night before. The
Earl followed them, while Sir Henry Gage relieved Banbury. The Enemy be-
ing briskly Charged, made away in hafte, and difperfed themfelves feveral ways,
By Cropredy and Compton. The Earl of Brainford and Colonel Web were here
wounded, as alfo Lieutenant-Colonel Smith and Captain Boteler flain. The Ene-
my loft many men, a field-Piece, eight Waggons of Ammunition, and fix
barrels of Powder, four Cornets, and fome Horfe. Thus was this Siege Raiſed, The Siege raife
which had continued from the nineteenth of July, to the five and twentieth ed.
of October:
and Col. Gage
While
64
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Col. Myn flain
in Gloceftei-
fhire, and the
While theſe things were acting hereabouts, when there was little motion
in any parts elfe of the Kingdom, at leaſt not confiderable, another detign
was laid upon Glocefter, by the united Forces of Worcester-ſhire and Hereford,
while Maſſey was abroad on parties; who having notice thereof, having got an
addition of three hundred and fifty men from Tewksbury, to enable him to
fight with Colonel Myn, a gallant expert Commander, followed after him to
his quarters at Elderfield. By break of day both parties engaged; Maſſey bea
Royalis wor- ting the Royalifts from their Ambufcadoes, put their Horie to flight, and fo
fied by Mafley, fell upon the Van of their Foot, routed their whole body, killed and wounded
feveral of them, and took many Prifoners. The Noble Colonel Myn, who
commanded a Regiment of Engliſh which he brought with him out of Ireland,
was killed here fighting and bringing up his men, and keeping them from the
rout, with neer two hundred more flain, and the like number taken Prifo-
This defeat happened by reaſon the two County-forces aforefaid were not
joyned, who came juft in the cloſe of the fight, and killed fome of Maſſeys men
who followed the purfuit; but he himfelt, with his Booty and Pritoners, got
fafe to Glocefter, where he very honourably interred the body of the aforefaid
Colonel Myn.
Who bestowed
ar bonourable
burial on the
Said Colonel.
Prince Rupert
ners.
Some attempts, defigns, and skirmishes about paffes upon the Severn,
whereabout Prince Rupert was quartered, after his defeat at Marston moor, hap-
at the Severn, ned every day: fuch being the fortune of war, that the Prince, who had bid
whore hapned battel bat the other day to thirty thouſand men, now pidled and trifled with
daily Skir a Brigade or two, to feek the advantage of a private and commodious march,
mishes.
being dogged but with a Squadron or two of Horfe at Aft Ferry,where betwixt
fome of his forces and Colonel Maſſey a bickering tell out, wherein Maffey
prevailed, but to no great loſs or concernment.
He is worsted
by Maficy.
betrayed to
Maficy, by
Lieutenant-
Col. Kirle.
While Colonel Maffey was thus every day upon parties marching up and
down, one Kirle, who for a while before had intelligence with him about the
Monmouth delivery of Monmouth, being Lieutenant-Colonel to Holtby the Governour,
took the advantage of his approach to effect it: for Maffey having fhewed him-
felf thereabouts, gave out that the enemy being plundering about Bristol, he
was conftrained to depart: whereupon Kirle is fent out with a Troop of Horſe
to purſue his rear him and his party Maſſey takes, fecures his men all but a
Coronet, who gave the Allarm to Monmouth, where Kirle fuddenly coming
with a hundred Horfe of Maffeys, commands the Gates to be opened to lec
him in ipeedily (as he faid) with his Prifoners; which after fome dif
pute being done,and the Draw-bridge let down, he entred, and prefently decla-
red hinfelt; Maſtering the Guards, and making good the bridge, till a body.
of Horſe and Foot clote behind came on and entred the Town. The Gover-
nour cfcaped over the dry Graft, leaving this place (the key of South-Wales)
thus in the enemies hands; but it was regained from them foon after by as
good Conduct, as it was loft by bafe Treachery.
Col Holtby
Governour
thereof eſcapes.
Maſſey active
and vigilant.
Several other encounters and velitations there were in thoſe parts, wherein
Maſſey's activity and vigilance manifefted it felf; but becaufe they were of no
great moment, it will be to as little purpoſe to relate them. Come we now to
that which is moſt material and remarkable.
Hitherto the King feemed to have fortune equal, if not favourable and incli-
nable to him, ſaving in that unfortunate bufinefs of Marston-Moor. Now the
Cauſe came to be dilputed. The King in his march out of the Weft, fent part
of his Army on ſeveral ſervices; his reduced enemy ftill marching before him
towards London, as far as Bafing, where they had Arms put again into their
hands, and recruits from all parts thereabouts ſent them. Neer that Houſe they
gathered into one body, but attempted not the place. Here joyned the Earls
of Effex, Mancheſter and Sir William Waller, with fome trayned Regiments of
London.
The King came to Kingsclear, Effex to Aldermarfton, and thence privately over
the water to Padworth, and fo to Bucklebury-Heath, and thence to Newberry,
where
1644.
65
England, Scotland and Ireland.
#
ley.
where the King was. On Sunday-morning, about a thouſand of the Earl of Newberry fe
Manchesters forces, and London Trained bauds, came down the hill very early,
cond fight,
' O&ob. 27.
and undifcerned paffed over the Kennet, and advanced upon fome few of the
Kings Foot, and over-powred them, till they were feconded by Sir Bernard Mancheſter's
Atley, who drove the enemy back again over the River, and the Referves that powered the
forces over-
were paffed to allift them, altogether in the fame rout. Effex his defign was to Kings, but are
furround the King toward Spry; to which purpoſe, about three a clock in the repelled by Sir
afternoon, four thousand of their Horfe and Dragoons, and a ftand of five hun- Bernard Aft-
dred Pikes, and fome Cannon, appeared on the Weft-fide of Newberry beyond
the King; where the Cornish Foot and the Duke of Yorks Regiment comman- The Duke of
ded by Sir William St. Leger, with five field- Pieces,and a Brigade of Prince Mau- Yorks Regi-
rice's Horſe, charged home, but were repulfed, and ſo over-powered with num- wil. St Leger,
ment led by Sir
ber, that they were forced to forfake their ground and their five Field-pieces, and Pr. Mau-
which the enemy feized, and maintained. Effex's Horfe alfo were too hard for rices Brigade
the Kings, whom they difcomfited, and then with a part of them and fome repulſed.
Mufqueteers fell upon the Kings Life-guards, and Sir Humphry Bennets Bri- Effex his Horfe
gade; they alſo over-powered Major Leg, who was fent with a party of Horfe too hard for the
to their referve; and made Colonel Bennet to bear off in fome diſorder: but be-
powred Sir
ing feconded by the Lord Bernard Stuart, who fell upon the enemies Flanks,they Humphry
routed them, killing in the conflict a Captain and feveral private Souldiers. Bennet and
On the Kings fide Captain Cathlin was flain, and Captain Walgrave woun- are repulfed by
ded.
Kings, over-
Major Leg;but
the Lord Ber-
worsted: Earle
On the Eaſt-ſide of Newberry the Parliaments forces were not lefs fuccefsful; nard Stuart.
against whom General Goring and the old Earl of Cleaveland oppofed them- Goring and
felves, with the faid Earls brigade, which confifted of the Regiments of Colonel Cleaveland
Thornhill, Colonel Hamilton, Colonel Culpepper, and Colonel Stuart. In this of Cleaveland
diſpute the Kings forces had the better, killing Major Hurry, Colonel Harry's taken Prifoner,
Kinſman; but fresh fupplies coming in, the Earl was forced to recede, and and the Kings
was at laft taken Priſoner, and the Kings perfon very neer the fame condi- perfon in dan-
tion.
Let us caft a view now into the bloodieft parts of the field, on the North-Eaſt
of Newbery, where Manchester and the London Trained bands fought againſt
the Lord Afbley and Sir George Lifle, who had fecured one Mr.Dolmans houfè, as
ger.
Ashley and Sir
Brown.
a place of fome advantage, having Colonel Thelwel for his Referve: Man- Earl of Man-
chefters Horfe and Foot'defcending the Hill with the aforefaid Trained bands, chefter inga-
advanced haftily upon thoſe Foot of Sir Georges, and worſted them; but Sir ged with Lord
John Brown, with Prince Charles his Regiment, coming in time, gave a ftop George Lifle,
to their fury, diverting fome part of their Horfe, to the relief of their Foots; they are worsted
which he fell upon, and fo retreated: when the Referve under Thelwel made but relieved by
good his beginnings; and Colonel Lifle animating his own Regiment by his
Sir John
example, by pulling off his doublet, brought them three feveral times to the
Charge, and maugre all the force and fury of the enemy, could not be beaten.
from his ground, which he quitted not before command. Several times here
it came to the butt-end, with very great refolution on both fides; which ceaf-
ed not while they had any light to fee what they did; In the Covert of night The King mar◄
the King drew all his Artillery, Ammunition, and Waggons, under the walls cheth to Wal-
of Dennington-Cattle, and marched away to Wallingford (though his Rear ftaid
that night in the place till almoft morning) and fo to Oxford.
This was a moft fierce and bloody Battel, though of thort continuance, but
of four hours, from four a clock in the afternoon till eight at night; wherein
the Parliamentarians ftrove to revenge their difgraceful defeat at Leftithiel, and
the Royalifts to redeem their lofs at Marton-Moor: but it was obferved, that none
fought fo eagerly as thofe Souldiers who took the engagement never to bear
Arms againtt the King, at their rendition in Cornwal; fo that the King was
well rewarded for his lenity, and fparing of blood, which was at this place
plenteously drawn from his own Army: Of which, of men of note, were
flain fewer than in any Battel whatſoever; there being reckoned but three s
Colonel
L
lingford, and
So to Oxford.
}
66
Sir William
St. Leger.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part. I.
Slain of note on Colonel Sir William St. Leger, Lieutenant-Colonel Topping, and Lieutenant-
the Kings fide, Colonel Leak: There were wounded Sir John Greenvile, the General the Earl
of Brainford in the head, and Sir Richard Campfield, Colonel of the Queens
Regiment of Horfe; of Common Souldiers a greater quantity than of the Par-
liaments, neer three thoufand: But of their fide not any perfon of note above.
Effex had the a Captain, and fome five and twenty hundred killed. The Earl of Eſſex had
indubitably the honour, as he had the pillage of the Field, on which he lay all
that night; and having buried the Dead, marched to Befiege Dennington-calle,
where the Kings Artillery was fecured by the care of the aforefaid Colonel Boys,
who intended not to part with them at any Rates, though encompaffed with fo
great and powerful an Army, which after three feveral Summons, three feveral
days together affaulted it.
Field.
Col. Boys fe-
cured the Kings
Artillery.
:
The King re-
lieves Den-
nington.ca-
ftle.
The Parliament
fufpect the Earl
of Effex.
Mancheſter
The King having marched his Army through Oxford on the thirtieth of the
fame month, on the fixth of October Rendezvouzed them on Burlington-Green,
within a Mile Eaſtward of Oxford; and ſo marched by Dorchester to Walling-
ford, and forward for the relief of Dennington-castle, which yet ftifly defended
it felf: Upon his approach, and ſome refolute attempts upon their ouf-Guards
over-night, which paffed with fundry Skirmiſhes, the Enemy drew off next day,
and departed, although they were two for one.
Hereabout, and in this matter, appears the firft diffatisfaction of the Par-
liament, as to the good management of their Arms; the Earl of Effex being
now ſuſpected as careleſs or diſcontent: And therefore they fell to debate con-
cerning the Army in the Houſe. For Colonel Norton had writ a Letter to them,
that he had received a Warrant from a chief Commander in the Army to
withdraw from Bafing; which was a thing to him unexpected,but yet he obeyed:
and befides, the commands of the Committee of both Kingdoms to the Army
were lately much neglected, and complained of. This debate flew fo high, as it
came to this queftion: How chance the Parliament-forces permitted the Enemy
to relieve Dennington-castle, when they were two for one? and why the Town
of Newbery was quitted before the Enemy was marched away? as the pretence
of not fighting was, becauſe they would not quit Newbery.
It fems it was firft refolved by the Council of State, that Effex his Forces
fhould not quit Newbery, or draw out into the Field, left the King ſhould take
it for Winter-quarters; but when the King fhould retreat from the relief of
Dennington, to fall upon his Rear: But no fuch matter was profecuted; for the
King poffeft himſelf of that Town, as a good covert and quarter for his Army,
while the Parliaments Forces lay in the open Fields, who being by the Kings ap-
proach to them at Hungerford, and one thouſand Horfe fent under the fame Co-
lonel Gage from thence, haftily dislodged alfo from the Siege of Bafing, (where
Manchester and his whole Army had fhewed themſelves onely) departed to their
Winter-quarters in Reading, Henly, Abington, and Farnbam; and the King's to
Bafing, Odiam, Newbery, Blewbury and Marlborough.
Whilft they thus are lodged in their quarters,there will be refpite to look upon
the Counfels and debates of the Parliament, and the confultations of the King,
and the debates likewife in his Court and Parliament at Oxford.
And firft, the Earl of Manchester made his relation concerning the manage-
and Cromwel ment of the buſineſs at Dennington-castle of great length in Writing, which was
differ.
in the nature of a Charge againſt his Lieutenant-General Cromwel, who had
fought fo Fortunately for the Parliament: He thereupon made answer to feve-
ral particulars therein mentioned, and pleaded firft, point of Priviledge, becauſe.
of the tranfmitting of that bufinels from the Lords, before any Charge was
brought into the Houfe of Commons. This private Quarrel was preſently qua-
ſhed, but the Publike difgufts were not fo foon laid.
For the Independent Faction began now to appear, and to be powerful in the
Houſe of Commons; fo that a fufpicion was raifed and fomented by them,
that the Earl of Effex was more Royal than the Parliament ever intended, when
they gave him his Commiffion. Upon this pretence, and after ſeveral difcourfes,
it
1
:
i
1644.
67
England, Scotland and Ireland.
>
model their
Army.
it came at latt to a debate, wherein it was refolved to new model their Army, The Parliament
and fo by.degrees to quit themselves of their General, and to bethink of a new refolve to newy
one, that ſhould not be of that dangerous greatnefs and honour, who might not
well be difputed with; but to chufe one of a middle Eftate betwixt the Peers
and the People; and fo to be at laft rid of all the Lords: which afterwards
they brought to paſs.
bear command
To this end they began with a fubtle Order, That no Member of either Houſe They Order that
Shall during this War, enjoy and execute any Office or Command military or civil, no Member ſhall
which hath been granted or conferred on any Member of either House, or by any Au- in either Mili-
thority derived from either Houfe. The Reafons publiſhed for this Order, were tary or Civil
thefe fine ones. That all Commiffions to Parliament-men being void, the new affairs.
modeling the Army may be carried on with the leß exception, when all are concern-
ed alike That Military differences among the great Commanders being Parliament-
men which might retard the work, will hereby ceafe; Thofe that shall be new ele-
&ted Officers being of leffer quality, and fooner fubject to queſtion and puniſhment, and
the Army alfo maintained at a leffer charge.
Forty days were limited from this Order, by which all fuch Commiffions
and Commands were in the Army declared void; with a refolution nevertheleſs
expreffed, to pay off their Arrears; which was meanly performed, and at the
fame rate that the Earl of Effex had the Ten thousand pounds a year affigned
him (for the good fervice he had done the State) out of the Lands of the
Lord Capel (whoſe Heirs now have his Honour) and other Delinquents, pun-
ctually paid him.
This Ordinance for new modelling the Army met notwithstanding with The Ordinance
great oppofition; and as much (after it was received into the Houſe) of alte- for the new mo-
ration: The Lords being instructed to foreſee the evil confequences; nor would Decemb. 31.
deling the Army
they plenarily confent, before the old trick of Petitions from City and Country
compelled them to pass it. The Title whereof was, An Ordinance for the raiſing
and maintaining of Forces for the defence of the Kingdom, under the comand of Sir Thomas
Fairfax made
Sir Thomas Fairfax.
General.
He thereupon is fent for, and privately, comes out of the North; and on
the nineteenth of February, was brought by four Members into the Houfe of
Commons, where a Chair was fet, and he defired to fit therein; the Speaker
telling him of the great confidence and truft the Kingdom had put upon him
in the Command of this Army (from a fence of his Valour and Fidelity) for
the defence of the Laws and Religion.
While this Army was a modelling, many diſorders happened, which retarded
their fettlement: it was to confift of fourteen thousand Foot, and feven thou-
fand Horfe and Dragoons effective; fo that the Spring was well advanced,
before they were in any readiness. Therefore the Scots Army was intreated to The Stots ad-
advance South-ward with all fpeed, to affift the Parliament in the mean d
ward.
time.
vance South-
wel.
It is to be noted, that the first contrivance of Addreffes was from Oliver Crom- The first Addreß,
wel, who having by this Model (and by a Salvo to him from the injunction of contrived by
Oliver Crom
the Ordinance) the Regiment of Colonel Leg, ( which had been in fome mut-
tering and diſcontent againſt the Parliament ) conferred on him, did, as foon as
he had Muſtered them, prefent a Paper to them, wherein they profeffed their
future adherence to the Parliament in all duty and affection, as to the utmoſt ha-
zard of their lives: which Precedent and leading Cafe was followed throughout
the Army, and ſince throughout the Times.
The Scots (we faid before) were fent for to march more Southward, having The Scots take
left all things fecure behind them, fave Carliſle, which was then Befieged; for Newcastle.
Newcastle they had taken, of which we muit fpeak a little. They had layn a
long while for many months a cloſe and defperate Siege to it, where ſeveral
Sallies and Skirmishes had happened, it proving one of the hardeſt refoluteft
L 2
Sieges
1
}
i
68
Plunder it.
Solem thanks
at London for
their fucceß.
Sir Alexan-
der Carew
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Part I.
Sieges in the Kingdom; all forts of policy, of peace and war, by Treaty, by
Mines, by Affaults, having been frequently uſed, but to little purpofe; the Inhá-.
bitants refolving never, if poffible, to fall into the Scots hands.
But on Saturday the nineteenth of October, all the Scotch Army furiouſly fet
upon the Town: and having weakened the defences thereof, both as to the
Fortifications and the Garrifon, having made three breaches by their Battery...
and Mines, after a tedious Storm they at laft maſtered it. Sir John Morley and
Sir Nicolas Cole, and Sir George Baker, got to the Caffle, where being forced by
neceffity, they came to a Capitulation, which in Articles concluded a furren-
der on the twenty feventh of the fame month. The town being taken by affault,
was plundered fufficiently over and over again; and thanks was given folemn-
ly at London, for the giving of Newcastle up to their Brethren of Scotland.
And very great reafon they had to do fo; for the poorer fort of people had been
almoſt ſtarved for the laſt two years, for want of fuel; Coles having riſen to
the price of four pound a Chaldron, never heard of before in London, as to
the half of it.
Sir John Hotham and his fon had been prifoners in the Tower of London:
fince July 1643. Now upon the new Model, feveral of the old ftrains were
heard, as every Change began with Outcryes: the noyſe was juſtice now againſt
Delinquents; the Sword had glutted it felf almoft with blood, now the Ax was
to taft fome of it: but becauſe of order, it is fit to put Sir Alexander Carew in
the forlorn of thoſe men, who on the three and twentieth of December was be- :
headed on Tomer-Hill, being condemned by a Council of War held at Guild- :
endeavouring to hall, for endeavouring to betray Plymouth-Fort, where he was Commander, to
betray Ply-
the King. This unfortunate perfon, of whom ſomething ſtrange as to the bufi-
mouth-Fort
to the King.
nefs of the Earl of Strafford hath been faid before, was brother to the more mife-
rable John Carew, one of the Judges of his late Majeſty.
beheaded, for
Sir John Ho-
tham and his
Son executed
On the twenty feventh of December Sir John Hotham received fentence in like
manner, for his endeavour to betray Hull to the King, and for holding and main-
taining correspondence and intelligence with the Marquels of Newcastle and
others: the Earl of Mancheſter, and other great perfons, fitting in the Huftings
Court at Guild-hall as Judges. He would have evaded the Charge; but he
could not throughly do it,and fo mainly infifted on the great fervice he had done
before at Hull, when he might have expected great honour and preferment.
He alſo produced fome witneffes of quality, on purpose to take off the teftimo-
ny of the Examinants against him; but they were not received for fuffici-
ent.
1
His Excecution ſhould have been on the thirty first of December upon Tower-
bill, where the multitude was affembled, the Scaffold, his Coffin and Executio-
ner was in readinefs; but as he was on his way thither, a Reprieve came
Jan. 1, 2. for from the Lords for four days longer; which the Commons foftomacked, that
en deavouring to
betray Hull, and conceiving their Priviledge hereby invaded, they ordered he ſhould dye on the
holding corre- fecond of January ; which was accordingly performed, (his fon fuffered the
Spondence with day before tor the fame offence; and both of them) dying with great reluctan-
the Marques of cy,and reflecting upon the Parliament; being affifted in this fad bufinefs with no
Hugh Peters better comforter than Hugh Peters. In their grave we leave them, with that
accompavieth moft excellent memorial of them in the Kings book, than which nothing can
be more truely or pathetically faid of them; give me leave, for an example to
pofterity, to tranſcribe a Paragraph.
Newcafile.
them at their
deaths.
The Kings ob-
Nor did a folitary vengeance ſerve the turn; the cutting off one
fervations of head in a family is not enough to expiate the affront done to the
them in his Me head of the Common-weal; the eldest fon must be involved in the
puniſhment, as he was infected with the fin of his father, against the
father of his Country; Root and Branch, God cuts off in one day.
ditations.
That
?
:
1644.
69
England, Scotland and Ireland.
That which makes me more pitie him, is, that after he began to
have fome inclinations towards a repentance for his fin, and repara-
tion of his duty to me, he should be fo unhappie as to fall into the
hands of their Justice, and not my Mercie,who could as willingly have
forgiven him, as he could have asked that favour of me.
Poor Gentleman! he is now become a notable Monument of un-
profperous Disloyaltie; teaching the world by fo fad and unfortunate
a Spectacle, that the rude carriage of a Subject carries always its own
Vengeance as an unfeparable fhadow with it; and thofe oft prove the
most fatal and implacable Executioners of it, who were the first em-
ployers in the fervice. Less than this could not be afforded to this
most notable paffage of the times, whofe ill beginning with this man
brought him to this ill and unfortunate end.
、
The Affembly of Divines Convocated by the Parliament had fate a good The Affen.bly of
while in confultation of Church-Government; and though they were forward Divines confult
enough to fubvert what they found ftanding, yet by the interpofition of more about church-
moderate and learned Divines, who happened to be chofen among the reft, fuch Government.
as Dr. Featly, (whom at laft the Parliament ftifled in reftraint) and Dr. (after
Bishop) Gauden, and others, that fpeed was retarded; but upon this requeft
of the Parliament to the Scots for their speedy advance, in exchange of mutual
kindneſs, they demanded the ſpeedy fettlement of the Presbyterian Government,
and that the Orders and Ceremonies of the Church of England might not be
ufed, in the interim, in any of the Churches of the places where they ſhould
happen to quarter. Prefently upon the receipt of this Letter, the Affembly
was ordered to bring in their Model of Church-Government; and thofe Re-
folves were urged afterwards by many hundred Petitions, and the Covenant The Covenant
preft to be univerfally taken. Towards the end of this month, they had prea to be uni-
licked up the form of their Directory, but could not agree about the receiving verfally taken.
of the Sacrament; which difpute was then committed.
Hereupon the Parliament proceeded, and voted the aboliſhing of the Com- The Common-
mon-Prayer-Book, which gave fome fatisfaction to the Scots, yet not fully Prayer aboli-
contented them: they had in the beginning of our Troubles openly named the fed.
Archbishop of Canterbury, and profecuted him as an Enemy to their Country,
as the great Incendiary of the broyls between both Nations, and did not defift
while they had him fafe in the Tower; now they would have his life alſo as a
gratification of their affiftance: His head muſt be danced off, like St. John
Baptist's, at the Mufick of their Bag-pipes. This they publikely demanded ;
fo that an Ordinance (for the Parliament durft not venture his Tryal at the
Common Law, as was thought by fome, becauſe of the claufe of that Bill of
Attainder against the Earl of Strafford, that his Cafe fhould be no precedent;
and they knew the Judges (though they might pack a Jury that ſhould)
would never venture to condemn him: And his tryal by Peers they vouchfafed
not, as alike dangerous) paffed the Houſe of Commons, whereby he was de-
clared guilty; and that fent up to the Lords for their concurrence, who bogled
at it, as a very ill precedent; fo that it ftuck for a while, until Sir David Hawkins Sir David
with his veterane Troops of Juftice-cryers came, bawled at the Lords Houfe Hawkins a
for ſpeedy Execution of Delinquents: And then a new Expedient was fet on zealous flickler
foot for the better difpatch, that the Lords fhould come and fit in the Houfe for the Parlia
of Commons as to this buſineſs, and make one work of it; which fome of
them unworthily did: an ill Omen or Prefage, what that degenerateneſs would
come to, when after fome of the fame perfons fate there as Commoners.
By this trick, after feveral brave Defences made at the Bar of the Lords
Houfe, where with might and main his Enemies profecuted his Innocence, he
was condemned; (the main Argument against him being ufed-by Serjeant
Wild,
ment.
7
iM
70
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
Wild, That he was fo guilty an offender, that he wondred the people did not
pull him in pieces as he came to and fro to his tryal,) and on the tenth of
January brought to Tower-bill, from a moft found and ſweet repofe that night,
Archbishop of till awakened by Pennington the Lieutenant of the Tower, to go to his Execu
Canterbury tion, whereat he was no whit difmayed, his colour being as freſh in his Face
as ever it was in his life; which continued to his last minute. At his death he
made a Funeral-fermon for himſelf, which was in lieu of a Speech, where
this is (as he hinted it) to be obſerved, that though other Arch-biſhops had
loft their lives in this manner, yet not the fame way: He being the firſt En-
glish-man that ever was condemned by an Ordinance of Parliament.
b.bead.d.
Vide Speeches.
Buried at Al-
His body was decently interred in Alhallows Barkin, London, according to the
hallows Bark- Rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England, of which he had been the
ing, London. chief Defender and Affertor; leaving Sir John Robinfon his Nephew, (fince Lieu-
tenant of the Tower) to inherit the remains of his Eftate,and the rewards of his
great Services and Munificences to this Church and Kingdom.
Sir Henry
Gage Cal. for
the King, hot
neer Abing-
don.
Abington had been made a Garriſon ever fince the Earl of Effex marched into
Cornwal; and became fo troubleſome a neighbour to Oxford, and the Country
adjacent, by the continual excurfions of the Horſe, which were never less than
a Regiment, that Colonel Sir Henry Gage (to prevent this perpetual annoyance,
no man daring to travail upon any of the Roads towards Oxford with provi-
fions or other buſineſs, more eſpecially hindering the intercourfe betwixt Oxford
and Wallingford) refolved to build a Fort at Culham-bridge, within a mile of
Abington, on the London road, to reprefs the boldnefs of thofe parties, who
were conſtantly out thereabouts upon defignes. In the attempt thereof, and to
obftruct ſo dangerous an obftacle to their Eruption, the Abingdon-forces under
Colonel Brown Sally out, Engage, and maintain a fhort fight with the Royaliſts,
with little hopes of prevailing, till an Unfortunate fhot wounded Colonel Gage
in the head, of which he dyed as foon as he came to Oxfords and fo that project
was laid afide.
The King had ſo cloſely profecuted his intentions for Peace, that it being in
the depth of Winter, both Armies in their quarters, and the two Factions of
Presbytery and Independency jealous of one another, the modelling of the
Army requiring alſo ſome gain and advantage of time; a Treaty, ſo often pro-
Uxbridge.
poſed by the King, was now admitted to be managed at Uxbridge, by Commif
Treaty, Jan. 3. fioners on both fides:
The Kings Commiffioners were as Follow:
Commiffioners Duke of Richmond and
for the King
Lenox,
at the Treaty at Marquels of Hertford,
Uxbridge.
Earl of Southampton,
Earl of Kingston,
Earl of Chichester,
Lord Capel,
Lord Seymore,
Lord Hatton,
Lord Culpeper,
Sir Edward Nicholas,
Sir Edward Hide, after-
wards Lord Chancel-
lor.
Sir Richard Lane,
Sir Thomas Gardiner,
Sir Orlando Bridgeman,
Mr. John Ashburnham,
Mr. Jeffery Palmer,
Dr. Stuart, and
Dr. Hammond, Divines.
The Parliaments Commiffioners were,
|
Lord
Earl of Northumberland, | Lord Wenman,
Commisioners
for the Parlia- Earl of Pembroke,
ment.
Earl of Salisbury,
Earl of Denbigh,
Scotch Commif- Lord London,
fioners.
Sir Charles Erskin,
Mr. Denzil Hollis,
Mr. William Pierpoint,
Sir Henry Vane, Jun.
The Scotch Commiffioners.
Mr. Dundas,
Mr. Brackley,
1 Mr. Crew,
Mr. Whitlock,
Mr. Prideaux,
Mr. Vines a Minifter:
Mr. Alexander Hender-
Son, Minifter.
The
1
1644.
71
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The main things firft to be treated of, were, firft Religion; fecond, Militia, The main things
third, Ireland. For Religion, the King would not alter Government by Biſhops, to be treated of
but would give way to fome amendments in the Liturgie upon advice. For Militia, and
were, Religon,
the Militia, he would confent fome Forts and Garrifons fhould remain in the Ireland.
Parliaments hands pro tempore, for fecurity of the agreement; the King hav- The King refu-
ing the nomination of half the Commiffioners. For Ireland, the King would feth to alter
not abrogate the Ceffation, until he were fure the 'Rebellion here were at an fhops, but
Religion by Bi-
end; having, to avoid that popular demand, and to prevent any infifting upon would admit
that point, given Order to the Marquefs of Ormond to conclude a Peace, but of fome amend-
however to continue the Ceffation for a year; for which he ſhould promife
the Irish, if he could have it no cheaper, to joyn with them againſt the Scots He is willing
Liturgie.
and Inchiqueen: for by that time, the King faid he hoped his condition would fome Garrisons
be fuch, as the Irish should be glad to accept of leß, or be enabled to grant should be in the
more.
ments in the
Parliaments
bands pro
tion in Ire-
The Parliament on the contrary fide, infifted, as to Religion, upon the ta- tempore, but
king a way of the Kings Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiction, his Donations and Temporal- will not abro-
ties of Bishopricks, his Firft-fruits and Tenths of Biſhops, Deans, Deans and gate the ceffa-
Chapters; not offering to conftitute the leaft dependance of the Clergy upon d
the King, to the Presbyterian mode; compenfating him with Biſhops Lands,
in lieu of all thofe ; which of themſelves, if diffov'd, belong unto the Crown.
For Ireland, the King fhould annul the Ceffation, and leave the management
of that Kingdome to the Scots.. And for the Militia, that it ſhould be mana-
ged altogether by fuch Commiffioners as they ſhould appoint; fo that the King
fhould not have the leaft power of his own to affift his Neighbours and Allies,
or defend himſelf at home.
}
They had alſo fo obftructed any hopes of a conclufion, by limiting the time
of the Treaty to twenty days, and tying up the Commifhoners with fuch limi-
tations, that the good effect thereof was defpaired at the entrance into it.
Much perfwafion was uſed by the Kings fide, to the Parliaments Commiffio-
ners, that they would gain longer time, and that the Treaty might be revived;
but all to no purpoſe. And to this matter, notable is that of one Mr. Love, Mr. Love a
who by fome private means or other was admitted to Preach before the faid ftrange Incen
Commiffioners there; where he faid, It was as poffible for Heaven and Hell, as
diary.
the King and Parliament to agree; ftrange words to be uttered in fuch a
juncture, and in fuch a place, and before fuch an Affembly! but the end of
that man fhewed him the folly and wickednefs of that expreffion. So after
two and twenty dayes Conference, the Treaty ended in vain. The Kings ded in vain.
Commiffioners complained of this Love; but anfwer was made, he was none
of their train, but the Parliament thould be informed of him, who would
do juſtice upon him; but the bufinefs was huſht.
The Treaty ex-
Mac Mahon
A
In the interim, the Lord Macguire, and one Colonel Mac Mahon, who The Lord Mac
were, as was faid before, feized in Dublin the night of the breaking forth of guire and co!.
the Rebellion in Ireland, and had been Priſoners in the Tower ever fince, hanged drawn
and fome while before broke out from thence, and wading over the Moat and quartered.
咩
​efcaped away, being found in Drury-Lane London, at a private houſe, were
brought to the Kings-Bench-Bar, (though Macguire pleaded his Priviledge of
Peerage, and infifted peremptorily on it, while over-ruled by the Court
and Parliament together) and there after a Tryal, both fentenced for their
Treafon, to be hang'd, drawn and quartered; which they underwent with a
great deal of ftoutnefs, and their way of Piety; clearing the King from any
privity to that Rebellion.
Shrewsbury, a moſt important and ftrong Garrifon for the King, was Shrewsbury
by ſome treachery not yet brought to light, betrayed juft at the conclufion taben by Ma
of the Treaty aforefaid to Major General Mitton for the Parliament: It feems jor-General
the Parliament rather tampered under-hand, than dealt fair above-board, and Mitton for the
openly, during the time thereof. For this good fervice, the faid Major-Ge- Parliament.
neral Mitton, being a Member of the Houfe of Commons, at his coming thither,
had
72
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
He hath the
thanks of the
Houfe.
had the thanks of the fame given him by Mr. Speaker. Abundance of Per-
fons of Quality were furprized in this place, as thinking it one of the ſecureft
Retreats in theſe parts; the Lift of whom I find after this fort: Eight Knights
and Baronets, forty Colonels, Majors, and Captains; 200 private Souldiers;
The Parliament fome few flain. About this time allo Scarborough and Weymouth were taken for
takes Scarbo- the Parliament, and Plymouth-Siege for a while raiſed,and a day of Thankſgiving
rough and
therefore fet apart.
Weymouth,
Sir Marmaduke Langdale, an eminent man for the King in the North, was
they raiſe Ply-
mouth Siege. fent from Oxford to relieve Ponfract-Caftle in Yorkſhire, Besieged by the Forces
Ponfract-caftle of the Lord Fairfax: This Expedition he fo prudently and valiantly underwent,
relieved by Sir that in his way thither he routed Colonel Roffiter, who oppofed him at Melton-
Langdale: be Mowbray, and paffed forward; and with refolution, though twice inferiour in
routs the Parl. number, fo charged the Befiegers, that after a ſharp confli& he beat them from
the Siege, and having relieved the Caſtle, departed back again to the affiſtance of
the King, then threatned with a freſh and potent Army from London.
Marmaduke
Forces under
Col. Roffiter.
Effex, Man-
chefter, and
Denbigh re-
figne their com-
miffions.
A notable Suc-
For the Earls of Effex, Manchester and Denbigh had refigned their Commif-
fions in the Houſe of Peers, few of their Officers alfo continuing in their fer-
vice; for whom the General Effex in a Speech,when he laid down his faid Com-
miffion, defired that the Parliament would take care of their Debentures:
which they abundantly promiſed, but performed thinly, leaving them the un-
ſatisfied name of Reformado's. Their General himself having loft the op-
portunity of Bleffing the Kingdom with a Peace when it lay in his power, to
which he was courted by the King a while before at Leftithiel, ſeeing how the
Pulfe of the times beat, and what Counſels were likely to prevail, withdrew
himſelf in a Diſcontent to Eltham-Houſe in Kent, where not long after he de-
ceaſed, as in due time (hall be declared.
At that fame time that Shrewsbury was thus furpriſed, the Kings Forces had
at the De- a Success, for the handfomnefs, though not for the confequence of it, very No-
vifes, under Sir table. The Kings Forces had Garrifoned a repayred Cattle at the Devifes, and
Jacob Aſhley. Colonel Devereux had a Garrifon at Rondon-Houfe between Malmsbury and
that; which therefore for its inconvenience was Befieged. Colonel Stephens of
Glocester-fhire came to its Relief with 200 Horfe, and as many Foot from Malmf-
bury, and forced his paffage with provifion into the Houfe. While he ftayed
to take further order for the ſecurity of the place, the Roy alifts furround the
Houſe again, caft up a Work where he entred, and keep him in; and Sir Jacob
Ashley comes to fecond the Siege with 3000 men. Maſſey understanding this,
did what he could to draw off Sir Jacob, by facing Cyrencefter, and fending a
Party of Horſe from Glocefter, which were to joyn with a like number from
Malmsbury again; but all in vain : the befieged were compelled at laſt to render
themſelves upon very hard terms and conditions.
A Faction at
About this time there was a kind of Faction in the Kings Court at Oxford,
and fome altercations betwixt the parties concerning the Kings Council; fo
Oxford; the
that ſome Lords, Savil, Percy, and Andover, were confined; and the Parliament,
Lords, Savil,
Percy, and
that this, the Members of the fame Houſes at Westminster who adhered to the
Andover, con- King, who by the Kings Order were the year before convened at Oxford, were
fined.
The Parliament for fome Reaſons and Difcontents arifen about the Army, Adjourned till the 10
of October. But that Parliament fignified nothing.
Adjourned.
The Parlia-
The Houſe of Commons Voted, that in their new Generals Commiſſion, the
words, For preſervation of bis Majefties Perfon, ſhould be left out; and accord-
nerals Comini ingly they were fo. And fo ended the year 1644. the laft of the Kings Feli-
ment's new Ge-
fion.
city.
'Anno
1645.
73
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Anno Dom. 1645
The Actions of
the Renowned
E will begin this year, though we poft-date the time, that we may fecitè
WE
all the exploits in Scotland,together with the actions of the renowned and
ever-glorious Marquefs of Montroß, appointed Governour of that Kingdom. Marqueß of
The year before, he came into Scotland, attended onely by two, Mr. William Montrofs.
Rollock, and Mr. Sibbalds, in whofe company he came at laft to his Coufin
Mr. Patrick Graham in the Sheriffdom of Perth, with whom he ſtaid a while
diſguiſed, till he had fent to difcover the State of the Kingdom. He had all
along given the King information of the Scots Rebellions, and fiding
with the Parliament; but Hamilton was over-trufted. Much ado he had to paſs,
the ways being fo ftrictly guarded, while the Scotch Army was in England. At
his arrival in the Highlands, being fupplyed with 1100 men from the Mar- He arrives in
quefs of Antrim out of Ireland, and another addition under the Lord Kilpont, the Highlands
and the Earl of Perths Son, he marched to find out the Army of Covenanters, of Scotland.
then gathered under the command of Tullybarn, the Lord Elch, and Drummond, He fights the
confitting of a great Force, into Perth-fhire, where at Tepper-Moor he obtained a and obtains a
great Victory; his Souldiers, for want of Arms and Ammunition, making uſe great Victory
of the Stones lying advantagioufly on the Fighting-ground. Here he killed at Tepper-
no leſs then 2000 men; whereupon Perth-City opened its Gates to the Con-
querour.
› Covenanters
Moor.
He routs Ar-
To withstand and reprefs fo dangerous an Enemy within the Bowels of the
Kingdom, another Army was raiſed, and put under more Experienced Captains.
In the mean while, Montroß had fallen into Argyles Country, where he made He makes great
miferable havock, intending utterly to break the Spirits of that people, who spoils za Ar-
were fo furely Engaged to Arguiles fide. Here the Earl of Seaforth followed Byles Country,
him with an Army, and the Marquefs of Argyle had another of the other fide. Who with the E.
of Seaforth,
Montroẞ therefore refolved to fight with one hrt; and fo fell upon that party march against
under Argyles which he totally routed,killed 1500 on the place,the reft eſcaped; him with two
and fo the Marquess of Montros bent his way after the other Army, which he feveral Armies.
defeated at Brechin, being newly put under the command of Colonel Hurry gyle, defeats
afterwards offers Battel to Bayly, who had another Army ready to fight him; col. Hurry at
but he waited for advantages: whereupon he marches after Hurry, who had Brechin, after-
recruited, and was preffing upon the Lord Gourdon (having taken Dundee in wards at Al-
his way) and at Alderne difcomfits him, killing 1800, and difperfing the reft. tains a re-
derne, and ob-
He feeks out Bayly, to whom was joyned the Earl of Lindley; and at Alef-markable Vi
ford-hills forced them to fight, utterly routed them, and obtained a remarkable tory at Alef
Victory: But that which leffened the Triumph, was the death of the Lord ford-bills.
Gourdon, one that was as the right hand of Montroß. A very Loyal Right Noble ons death.
Gentleman,being Eldeft Son to the Marquels of Huntley. Atter this, he comes to Marquess of
St. Johnstons, where he alarm'd the Parliament there fitting; and fo into the Montrofs af-
Lowlands, where the Kirk had another Army in readinefs, under the command of frights the Pay-
the aforesaid Bayly.
Lord Gourd-
liament at St.
Johnftons.
At a place called Kilfith, both Armies met; and a cruel Battel it was; but His famous Vi-.
in concluſion, Succefs and Victory Crowned Montroß's Head, and almott 6000 ctory at Kil-
of his Enemies were flain in this fight, the purfuit being eagerly followed for fith.
a great way; the Covenanters at first fighting very refolutely; but the fortune
David Leſley
of Montroẞ till Prevailed. The Nobility now every where readily affifted him, youted.
and the Towns and Cities declared for him; fo that the Kingdom,which afford- The Nobility &
ed men and affiſtance for the Invaſion of another Kingdom, was not now able Gentry aſſiſt
to defend it felf; the Governour (fo was Montroẞ dignified) being feized of him.
all places almoſt of ftrength, even as far as Edinburgh, where fome Royal pri-
foners were delivered to him. The Eftates of Scotland therefore fent for David
Lefley, while Montroß expected Forces from the King under the Lord Digby ;
M
which
74.
Part. I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
+
which ſtaid too long, and were afterwards defeated at Sherburn in Yorkshire.
Upon the arrival of Lefley, most of the Forces under Montreß, not dreading any
Enemie fo foon out of England, were departed home; fo that Lefley finding
Montroẞ in a very weak condition at Philips-Haugh, fell upon him before he
could retreat, almoft before his Scouts could give him intelligence, and there
routs him. He at first refolved to lofe his life with the field; but being per-
fwaded of better hopes, he refolutely charged thorow, and brought the flying
remains of his Army fafe into the High-lands, where he began new Levies:
But the fortune of the King failing every where, he was the next year ordered
The King orders by the King, then in the Scots cuftody, to disband, and depart the Kingdom.
Montroſs to And fo we leave him till a more unhappy revolution of time.
disband.
In the beginning of this year Colonel Maffey received a defeat at Lidbury,
Colonel Maffey the manner thus: Prince Rupert, who had for fome time quartered thereabouts
defeated at
Lidbury by to make new Levies, had intercepted fome Scouts, and by them underſtood
Prince Rupert, the Col. had taken up his quarters there,intending to fall upon Sir John Winter,
who had been his reftlefs adverſary throughout the War in Gloucester-hire, and
who being called into the Army, had fired his houfe, which he had main-
tained as a Garifon againſt all oppofition: When the Prince was within half
a mile of the Town, Maffey took the Alarm, commanded his Horfe to mount,
and gave order for his Foot to march, that the Royalifts might not get before
them, which the Prince aimed at. A furious Change the faid Horfe maintained,
confifting principally of Officers, among whom was Kirl that betrayed Mən-
mouth at laft Malley was forced to flye, narrowly escaping taking, Major
He is forced to Backboufe his great fecond being mortally wounded, with divers others, and
fome common Souldiers taken Prifoners, the reft fled to Gloucester in hafte with
the Governour.
flye, and nar-
rowly escapes.
Sir Thomas
Army.
But that which defervedly ought to begin the year, was the inveftiture of
Sir Thomas Fairfax in the fupreme Command of the Army: It was the first of
Fairfax takes April when he received his Commiffion, and on the twenty third of April he
command of the went from London to Windsor to perfect the new Model; where he continued
in that troubleſome affair to the end of the month. In the mean time Colonel
Cromwel (who had been commanded out of the Weft, by the Ordinance of
the Parliament against Members continuance in any Military command,
whoſe limitations of forty days was then expired) came thither to falute the
General, and next morning was ftopped there with a difpenfation from his
attendance on the Houfe for forty days longer (which was extended to the
length.) For Prince Rupert and his brother Maurice had gathered a compe-
Prince Rupert tent Army of Horfe in Worcester-fhire, and the confines of Wales, and were
and Prince ordered by the King to come and fetch him off with his Infantry and Train of
Maurice raiſe
Horfe in Wor- Artillery from Oxford.
Artillery from Oxford. To which purpoſe a Convoy of Horfe was preſently
cefter-fhire. difpatched, confifting of near 2000, being the Regiments of the Queen, the
Earl of Northampton, the Lord Wilmot, and Colonel Palmer; while the Prin-
ces advanced in a body after them. Upon advertiſement thereof, the Com-
mittee of both Kingdoms recommended it to the General, to fend Lieute-
nant-General Cromwel with fome Horfe to march beyond Oxford, and lye on
Cromwel fent way to Worcester, to intercept the fame Convoy. With a party of Horſe
to intercept the and Dragoons therefore then on the field, neither muftered nor recruited, as
Kings Forces, of the new Model, Cromwel immediately marched, found the enemy, and
engaged them neer Iflip-bridge, routed them, took 400 Horfe, and 200 Prifo-
ners, and the Qeens Standard. And to make up this a kind of a victory,
preſently fummoned Blechington-houſe within four miles of Oxford, where Co-
lonel Windebank commanded, and whither ſome of theſe routed Troops had
He fummons fled for fhelter. At his approach, he inftantly fummoned it in a very threat-
Blechington
ning Meffage, if he rendred it not immediately, (his Horfe cafting out words
the Governour for the Foot to fall on, when there was none there.) The governour over-ruled
col. Winde- by his fair young Bride, and fome Ladies that were come thither to viſit, and
bank delivers frighted with the menace, delivered the Houfe, with all the Arms and Amu-
routs them.
The Queens
Standard ta-
ken.
house;
it.
the
nition
}
1645.
75
England, Scotland and Ireland,
!
!
nition therein. For which, the hopeful young Gentleman, for all the prayers
and intreaties of his Wife, and the merit of his Father, was fhot to death And was there-
againſt Merton-Colledge-Wall in Oxford; to the great regret afterwards of the fore ſhot to
King, when he understood the bufinefs, and for which he was highly difplea-
fed with Prince Rupert.
death.
After the taking of this Blechingdon-Houfe, Cromwel fent the Priſoners away
to Alisbury, and flighted that Garrifon; and having intelligence of a party of
350 Foot under Sir William Vaughan, who were marching that way towards
Radcot-bridge, he purfued them, and took the faid Sir William, Lieutenant-Co- Cromwel
lonel Littleton, and about 200 more Prifoners.
at Radcot.
takes Sir Wil-
His next attempt was upon Farringdon, having borrowed 600 Foot from liam Vaughan
Abingdon, of Major-General Brown; here he loft fome 50 men withont any bridge.
fuccefs, and fo gave over the defign; but before he could get off, was attaqued
by part of General Gorings Horſe, commanded by himſelf, then newly come
out of the Weft from Taunton-fiege; who by his valour fo ordered his bufi-
nefs, that he gave Cromwel the firft brush he received, taking Major Bethel Pri- Goring gives
foner, and three Colours; and then retreated to Letchlade, in order to his re- first brush.
turn to ſtrengthen and renew the fiege againſt the aforefaid Town of Taun-
ton.
Cromwel his
to Blandford
The new modeled Army on the firft of May began to march, after a de- The new model-
bate whether it ſhould march Weftward to the relief of Taunton, or to befiege ed Army march
Oxford. The first defignment was followed; and fo on the 7 of May, from in Dorfet-
Windfor, General Fairfax reached Blandford in Dorfet-fhire, whither he march- fhire: take
ed without any oppofition, fave a little skirmish betwixt fome of his Troops Lieutenant-
and one Lieutenant-Colonel Hacket, whom they took Priſoner.
Col. Hacket.
The King taking this opportunity of the Armies marching Weftward, drew The King leave
his Forces and Artillery out of Oxford into the field: Which the General fore- ing Oxford,
ſeeing, had left Cromwel and Major-General Brown to attend his motions; but takes the field.
they being not of strength fufficient to impede his Marches, or Conjuncture
with Prince Rupert, who advanced out of Hereford-fhire and Worcester-ſhire,
Fairfax was recalled out of the Weft, and ordered by the Committee of both Fairfax recal-
Kingdomes to allot onely a portion of his Army for Taunton, which was a led from the
Brigade confiſting of four Regiments, the Supreme Command whereof was well, but leaves
given unto the eldett Colonel Welden. Upon approach of thofe Forces, the Roy- Part of his Ar-
alifts thinking it had been the whole Army, (for Fairfax made fuch ſemblance,
marching as far as Dorchester with the ſaid relief) drew off, and gave them
the liberty of entrance the fourteenth of May, where they were welcomed by
the refolute Governour, afterwards General Blake, a man more famous in the
Times fucceeding.
my there.
Oxford befieg
time.
General Fairfax on the 14 of May likewife arrived at Newbery, where two
days he refted his wearied Foot, and there again received new Orders to lay Siege
to Oxford; and Cromwel and Brown were recalled from following the King, to
joyn with the General in that Enterprife: Nevertheless a party of 2500 Horfeed the second
and Dragoons under Colonel Vermuden (Cromwel not being fo acceptable to that
Nation) were fent to joyn with the Scots in their march Southwards. Fifteen
days the Parliaments Army lay before the City, while the King was at liberty,
and irrefiftable in the Field. Fairfax defpairing of reducing the Town, never
fent in a Summons; thereby intending to fave the firft reputation of the Army,
when it thould rife from thence without it. Nothing occurred of any remark,
during this Siege, but that a Bridge was laid over the River for a Communica-
tion, and a refolute Sally made by the Garrifon upon a Corps du Gard neer Hed-
dington-hill, which they furprized, killed twelve, and took the rett, which made
up 100 Priſoners, who were Exchanged for the like number which the Adju-
tant-General Fleming took neer Newnham, under the command of Captain Gar-
diner, who had been fent Prifoners to Abingdon, where a cruel cuftom had been a cruel custome
practiſed of hanging all the Irish without any manner of Tryal; under which at Abingdon,
notion, very many English alfo fuffered: A barbarity fo common, that it grew
M 2
into
•
76
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
befieged.
Gaunt-house
Surrendred.
Bortal-boufe into the Proverb of Abingdon-Law. Borstal-houſe was likewife befieged by
Skippon, whither the General went himſelf, but to no purpole. Gaunt-houſe
being battered by Colonel Raynsborough, and a breach made after a refolute an-
fwer, was glad to abate from its ftubbornness, and take Conditions upon quarter.
from the Enemy.
Chefter di-
Stressed;
Relieved by the
King.
Goring, Hop-
ton, and
Greenvile
joyn, and be-
fiege Taunton.
Leiceſter
Stormed and
taken by Prince
Rupert, May
21.
He takes Sir
Robert Pye:
the Town is
plundered.
The Parliament
But while General Fairfax trifled at Oxford, news came that the King having
relieved Chester, diftreffed by Sir William Brereton and the Neighbouring County-
forces, was now marching towards Leicester, and the Affociation; the Scots
Army, inftead of advancing against the King, being gone more Northward.
towards Weftmerland, their own affairs at home fo requiring: And alſo that
General Goring, Sir Ralph Hopton, and Sir Richard Greenvile, had joyned all
their Forces against Colonel Weldens Brigade, in a manner befieging them, and
the Town of Taunton together. And that which brought up the Kear of thefe
intelligences was worst of all, that the King had taken Leicester by Storm, the
manner thus.
After Prince Rupert had fummoned it, wherein he offered quarter to the
Town, the Committee of that County then refident there,affembled all the Com-
manders, and read the Summons unto them; by whom it was refolved to give
anſwer next morning. The Trumphet was no fooner returned,but a Drum was'
preſently diſpatcht for a full answer within an hour; which, while they debated
beyond their fint, the Kings Guns played from the Battery, and all Souldiers
were commanded to their reſpective Pofts; the great and mall Shot never in-
termitting that day and night; when next morning they Stormed at fix or feven
places. At Newark-breach they entered firft, where Colonel St. George was flain
with a great fhot, in a Bravery and Gallantry of Courage, venturing upon the
mouth of the Cannon. The Works being feized, there yet remained a Work
of greater Bloudfhed, the Market-place, where the Defendants had drawn up
their Artillery, and for three hours fpace maintained the fight at the Crofs there-
in. They were at latt over-powered; the Committee-men,with Sir Robert Pye,
Colonel Hacker, and Colonel Grey, taken Prifoners, and put into cultody;
onely Sir Robert had fome more refpect fhewed him. The Town, was plun-
dered, and fome of the Inhabitants for the prefent fecured; the fpoil part of
it carried away to the Kings adjacent Garriton of Newark, Ashby-Delazonch
and Belvoyr-Cafle: But the Parliament-forces found very neer as good Booty
in thoſe fudden ſpoils that came from Nafeby.
All men upon this Succefs looked upon the Kings Army as far the more
almost driven puiffant. Great Fears and Diftrufts were arifen in the Parliament it felf, not
to deſpair.
much different from defpair; ſeveral Members being over-heard to ſay in their
paffage to the Houfe out of Westminster-hall, that there was no hopes but in the
Kings mercy, and that the ſpeediett recourfe thereto would be the fateft Expedi-
ent for them. And the Royal party were as good as Cockfure (as we ſay) that
the day was their own; which they made appear, even in London,by all publike
The King and fignes and difcourfes. The King himſelf deceived alfo with this Lightning be-
fore his Ruine, which he conftrued for the greateft Sunſhine of his Felicity, was
of the fame Opinion; the refult whereof appeared in a Letter written to the
Queen, June the 8th, where he ufed this Expreffion. 1 may without being too
fanguine affirm, that fince this Rebellion, my affairs were never in fo hopeful a
But behold the inconftancy and fate of War! This his greatest Exalta-
tion, proved his utter Crufhing and Final overthrow, in the approaching En-
counter at Naseby.
Royalists too
confident of
Succeß.
Sir Thomas
way.
For the Parliament being alarm'd with this imminent danger, gave ſpeedy:
command to Sir Thomas Fairfax to rife from Oxford, and march after the King,
Fairfax order- and put their diſperate condition to the decision of a Battel: For they were.
ed to give the now upon a ticklish Point; and Treachery and Diviſion at Home, with the
King Battel.
Kings growing Succefs, would no doubt improve to a publike defertion of the
Grandees of the Faction, than which to them a Conqueft could not be worfe,
if not advantagious, by linking and involving ſo many in the danger, that in the
multitude of the offenders they might find fhelter.
The
TH
}
1645.
77
England, Scotland and Ireland.
York-fhire a
The King was now in difpute whether he fhould turn his Arms to raiſe Ox-
ford or Pomfret-fiege, march Southward or Northward. The Yorkſhire-men long time bar-
infifted on going homeward to their own Country, that had fo long been harra- rafed by the
fed by and under the Dominion of the Scots; of which opinion was Sir Mar- Scots.
maduke Langdale, and that in going thitherward probably Fairfax would rife
and follow, where fome notable advantages might be taken of him, fo far di-
ſtanced from any place or fuccour of relief. Others were of opinion that the
King fhould march into the Affociation, and bending a little Weftward, joyn The anreſolved
with General Goring, who now again befieged Taunton with a gallant Army, which way to
and had worfted Colonel Welden, fent thither with fuccours as aforefaid; and bend his Forces.
then with his United Forces, which Fairfax would be in no cafe to refift, to
march directly to London, and put an end to the War.
While this Confultation was held, Fairfax was ordered to riſe from before Ox- The Parliament
order Fairfax
ford by the Committee of both Kingdoms, who ftartled with the lofs of Leiceſter,
refolved as before to put the bufinefs to an Iffue by the fortune of a Battel, if the to put their aif-
ferences to the
King would be brought to it. From Oxford the Army arofe, intending to put decifion of a
themſelves between the King and the Affociated Counties, and fight him if he Battel.
advanced; if not, to follow him with the fame refolution.
Marth-Gibe-
The 5th of June the Parliaments Army marched to Marſh-Gibeon, ten miles They march to
from Oxford; and Major-General Brown put a ſubſtantial Garriſon into Gaunt-
bouſe, as a Curb and Bridle to the Oxenians; when news was brought them that neral Brown
on. Major-Ge-
the King was come to Daventry with an intent to raiſe the Siege. June the 6th, Garifons
the Army marched to Brickhil, defigning Stony-Stratford for the Head-quarter, Gaunt-bonfe.
but that intelligence came that the King had faced Northampton with tome of
The King at
Daventry, and
his Horfe, and it was thought dangerous to come fo near him, before the Hoife Northampton
under Vermuden were returned out of Derby shire, and joyned with them.
Lieutenant-General Cromwel, who had been fent with three Troops of Horfe Cromwel feat
a little before to fecure the Ifle of Ely in cafe the King ſhould make an irrupti- for by the Par-
on as was ſuppoſed, was now by a Letter from the General to the Parliament and their
defired to return to the Army to command the Horſe; and accordingly by their
order he came back with 600 Horfe of the Affociation: the General writ like-
wife to Sir John Gell, Colonel Roffiter, and the respective Governours of War-
wick, Coventry, Northampton, and Nottingham, to fend what Forces they could
fpares and then came Colonel Vermuden with 2500 Horfe and Dragoons.
liament to com-
Horfe.
After this Conjunction,the Army marched within three miles of Northampton,
where they were informed that the King was ſtill about Daventry, Quartering The Kings Foot
all his Foot and Carriages upon Burrough-bill, as if he intended to fight upon
and Carriages
that ground if they ſhould advance; but he ſtayed onely till 1200 Horte which
quartered upon
Burrough-hill.
he had fent to Oxford, as a Convoy of the Cattel out of Leicester and Northam-
pton-fhire were returned.
The Parliaments Army then came to Gilsborough, within five miles of Bur- The Parlia
rough bill; where, as their General was riding in the morning (having been ments Army at
ftopt in the night, which was rainy and tempestuous, by a private Souldier for Gilfborough.
the Word,till the Captain of the Guard being fent for gave it him)about three a
clock he ditcerned the Royalifts to ride faft over the faid hill, making fires in
abundance, as if they were firing their Huts; which gave fome cauſe to believe
that they were about to march, as it prelently appeared.
About five in the morning, June 13, certain notice was given, that the Roy-
aliſts were drawn off from Burrough-hill, having ſtood in Arms all night, being
amazed that the Parliaments Army were fo neer; it having been ſpread abroad
among them, that they were gone for fecurity into the Affociation: So that
the Convoy of Horfe being come from Oxford, they ſpeedily refolved to march The Kings Ar
to Pomfret, thinking that Sir Tho, Fairfax would not follow them; or if he did, my march to
they ſhould fight him with more advantage.
Pomfret.
Ireton with a
Hereupon the Parliaments Drums and Trumpets began to founds and a frong party of
ftrong party of Horſe was fent under Colonel Ireton to fall upon the flank of the Horfe feat to
Kings Army if he ſhould fee caufe; and the main Body came that night to fall upon bis
Gilling; Flank.
78
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Kings
Head-quar-
Alarm'd by
to Harbo-
rough, and an-
happily refolves
to fight.
Gilling; the Kings Head-Quarters being at Nafeby, which Ireton Alarm'd; fo
that the King not having notice of it till eleven a Clock at night, as he had little
ters at Naleby. imagined the nearness of an Army, or that they durft bear up to him, much a-
Ireton, he goes mazed, left his own quarters at that unſeaſonable time, and for fecurity went
to Harborough, where Prince Rupert and the Van of the Army quartered; and
as ſoon as he came thither, ſent to call up his Nephew, refting himſelf in a
Chair in a low room. In the mean time a Council of War was alſo preſently fum-
moned, where it was refolved, that feeing there was no bringing off the Rear if
they ſhould march further for Leicester, but that the whole Army would be put
in hazard, they ſhould give the enemy battel, relying upon the valour of the In-
fantry, and in a bravery to march back and find him out. But this was more the
Kings unhappy refolution, than his Commanders, who would have avoyded
fighting till General Goring were joyned with them.
On Saturday, June the 14, a day fatal to the King, the Parliamentarians ad-
Nafeby-fight.
vanced by three a clock in the morning to retard the Royalifts March with their
The Parliament Horfe. By five a clock they Rendezvouzed neer Nafeby; and immediately
forces Rendez- great bodies of the Kings Horfe were difcerned on the top of the hill fhort of Har-
borough which thewed that he intended not to draw away, but that he would
come forward and engage them on the ground where they ftood; which they
preſently took the beſt advantage of, poffeffing the edge of a hill, from which
they afterwards retreated 100 paces, that the Kings Army, marching upon plain
ground, might not well difcern in what form their Battel was drawn, nor fee
any confufion therein.
vouz weer
Nafeby they
discover the
Kings Horſe
neer Harbo-
rough.
The King mif-
informed.
Cromwel
commands the
right Wing of
The Gen. and
The King being falfly informed that the Parliaments Army was drawing off
in hatte and flying to Northampton, marched on with the greater precipitancy,
leaving many of his Ordnance behind him. The place of the fight was a large
fallow-field on the Northweft-fide of Nafeby, flanked on the left with a hedge,
which was lined with Dragoous, to prevent the annoying of the left flank of the
Parliaments Army, that was drawn up in this polture: Leiutenant-General
Cromwel commanded the right Wing of Horfe, wherein were five Regiments,
and the addition of Colonel Roffiters Troops, who was newly come when the
the Parl. horft; fight began, and took his poft there: Commiffary-General Ireton commanded
Ireton the left: the left Wing of Horſe and Dragoons; and the General and Major-General
Skippon the Skippon the main Battel of Foot.
the main Battel of Foot. Both the Wings of Horſe charged toge-
main battel of ther upon the King's, who were drawn in the fame Order, and marched fwift-
Foot. Whaley ly, but very regularly upon the Enemy. Colonel Whaley, being in the right
routs Lang- Wing, charged firſt two Diviſions of Horfe of the Kings left Wing, commanded
manded part of by the Lord Langdale, who made a gallant refiftance, firing at a very cloſe
the Kings left charge, and came to the Sword; but were by force Routed and driven back to
Prince Ruperts Regiment, being the Referve of the Kings Foot. But the
whole Right Wing of the Parliaments advancing (which was with fome dif-
ficulty, by reaſon of a Coney-warren they paffed) they were totally routed,
after a Rally made, and put to flight, from which they never returned
to their ground again; fo that in this part there was an abfolute Con-
queſt.
dale, who com-
wing.
Prince Rupert
Touts the Par-
liaments left
wing.
Ireton taken
Prifoner, and
(the fortune of
the day chang
ing) is rele afed.
The fuccefs of the left Wing, which charged the right Wing of the Kings,
was quite contrary: Prince Rupert commanding it, according to his wonted
cuftome, charged furiously, and broke in upon and routed the three rightmoſt
Divifions of that left Wing, which was alfo diftreffed by a Brigade of the Kings
Foot, in which Ireton himſelf charged, and therein being run through the
Thigh with a Pike, and into the face with a Halbert, was taken Priſoner,
and kept fo; till the battel and fortune of the day changing, he changed his
condition, giving his Keeper that liberty which he timely offered, and came
over to Sir Thomas Fairfax.
The left wing being thus routed, Prince Rupert purſued his advantage and
fuccefs almoſt to Nafeby-Town; in his return fummoning the Train, and of
fering them Quarter; who inftead of accepting it, fired luftily upon him;
who
1645.
79
England, Scotland and Freland.
*
who defpairing of forcing it, being well guarded by Fire-locks, and percei-
ving the Succefs of the right Wing of Horfe, retreated in great haft to the ref
cue of his friends, whom he found in ſuch general diſtreſs, that inſtead of at-
tempting any thing in their Relief, being clofe followed in the Rear by the Par-
liaments Horfe of both Wings, who were joyned, he ſtopped not until he came
to the ground where the King was rallying his broken Forces himſelf in per-
fon.
In the main Battel, the Kings Regiment, Sir Bernard Aſhley's and Sir George
Lifle's Tertia's food manfully to it; their Horfe being in the Rear of them, but
could no way affift them, being kept from it by part of the Enemies Horfe, who
kept them in action,. the other part fell in with their own Foot, and joyntly The Kings Foot
poured their whole ftrength, upon the Kings Infantry, which now, except one ever-powered
Tertia, were all at mercy, the Referves being likewife routed. This ftanding by the Parlia
parcel of Foot Cromwel endeavoured to break with his Horſe; attempting them ments Horſe,
in Flank, Front, and Rear, but in vain, till the Generals own Regiment of Foot
came up, and fell in with the butt-end of their Mufquets; the Horfe Charging
them at the fame time, and fo trampled them down.
The King had now nothing in the Field but his Horfe, (where he himfelf His Cavalry in
was) which he had put in as good order as the time and the near preffing of great diftreß.
the Enemy would permit: which Fairfax perceiving, he refolved to ſtay for
his Foot, who were a quarter of a mile behind him, that he might not put the
day in hazard again. As foon as they came up, the Horfe opened at great di-
ftance to receive their Foot in the midſt of them, and ſtood again in the fame
form of Battalia as before the commencement of the Fight; having not onely
the advantage of ground, but the Kings Artillery, who befides had no Foot to
entertain the levelled Volleys againſt his Cavalry.
ble Execution
During this refpite, the Dragoons of Fairfax under Colonel Okey advanced Okey's Dra-
(a perfon miferable by nothing more than his valour, which betrayed him to goons do nota.
the Artifices of Cromwel in the matter of the King) and with notable courage on the Kings
and ſmartneſs fired upon the Kings Troops;his Majeity now diſcharging the part Horse.
of a Souldier, animating his men to a fecond round Charge upon the Horfe op-
pofite to him, not yet fecured by their Infantry; but they foon appearing, the
gallantry of that refolution was loft, and the danger and deſpair of doing any
good by any further refiftance prevailed against the Kings entreaties,and indeed
against the reaſonableness of the attempt.
The Calamities
For who can but expoftulate the mifery of this day! the Troops of thofe
calamities that broke in upon the Kingdom, fadly upbraiding the relafch and of this day.
weakness of that Cavalry, which might by a generous Bravery have faved them-
felves, their honour, the King, and the Kingdom, and, which is more, the inno
cence of the Nation.
But the Juftice and over-ruling Wifdom of Almighty God vouchfafed not
his affittance and favour to thofe Arms, referving the Honour and Reputation of
the Cauſe they defended to his unquestionable all-puiffant Arm; that it might
hereafter be tranſcribed to pofterity from the vifible and glorious manifeftations
of Digitus Dei.
Read then and perufe with thine eyes, O guiltless Pofterity, the Fates of the
flying Royalilts, on whom for fourteen miles (the deſpicable condition of the
Enemy, but that morning, proving the moſt potent and formidable ſtrength)
the Parliamentarians did Execution, no parties of them making any notable
reſiſtance; but were freed from the extremity of the purfuit, more by the tire the Parliament
of their enemies Horfe, than by the celerity of their own.
Standard;
take many of
The Prifoners taken at this fight, were 6 Colonels, Commiffioned and Refor- the Kings Of
madoes, 8 Lieutenant-Colonels, 18 Majors, 70 Captains, 8 Lieutenants, 80 En-ficers, and is
and bis
fignes, 200 other interiour Officers, befides 4 of the Kings Footmen, 13 of his with his Cabi-
houſhold, 12 pieces of Ordnance, 8000 Arms, 40 barrels of Powder, 200 Car- net of Letters,
riages, all their Bag and Baggage, the Kings Standard, and neer 100 Colours which they un-
of Horſe and Foot, and (the diſhonour of the Parliamentarians Triumph) the worthily pub-
liſh.
Kings
80
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The advantage
equal to both
parties.
Kings Cabinet of Letters, publiſhed afterwards in a moſt impudent manner
(of which the King moft elegantly complained) by the irreconciliable Enemies
of his and his Kingdoms peace.
The number of the Common Souldiers taken, amounted to 4500, who were
afterwards brought to London, and encloſed in the new Church-yard in Weftmin-
fter by Tattle-fields; from whence they were freed by another Captivity, the
fervice of forreign Princes.
•
This Battel was fought much upon equal advantage for number both of Horfe
and Foot; the ground alfo as equal: For the fury of the fight diſpenſed with
the firft commodioufnefs of the Campania, which was uncertainly maintained
by the diverfity of Succefs; being thereunto very fit, by reaſon of its playnneſs,
which was a mile broad from the utmoſt Flank of the Right, to the left Wing
of the Parliaments Army, who firſt diſpoſed of it; and the neutrality of the
Wind favoured both alike.
The Commanders on both fides behaved themſelves worthy of their places:
(nothing can be faulted in matter of courage, but the Northern Horſe for the
King, who were difgufted in the beginning, for that they fought unwillingly, as
refolute upon the enterprize of Pomfret.) To give them their particular dues,
will be too filling for this Volume; we will onely mention my Lord Bard, be-
(ervice for the caufe this Chronicle hath given no former account of his. Honour, to which he
King,
rofe from a Commoner, by excellent fervices done the King and Colonel John
Ruffel, of whom before in Marston-Moor; the whiteft name in the Roll of
Fame.
did excellent
Fiennes fext
to London
with the Pri-
Joners.
The Parlia-
ments Forces
purſue the
Kings,
The King at
Afhby de la
zouch.
He goes into
Wales.
Sir Marma
duke Lang-
dale flies to
Newark.
Taunton di-
Streft by the
Lord Goring.
And fince it is by the Victor-party, even by the General himſelf, thought a
crime, this Relation fhall not ſpread it. He himself became the Command, had
it been lawful; the other his Officers were men, and pity onely they were Eng-
lifh. Skippon here received a mark of his Difloyalty.
The next day Colonel John Fiennes with his Regiment was fent up to London
by the General with the Prifoners and Colours taken in the fight, who had been
all along eminent in the fervices of that fide.
The Kings Forces being thus vanquished, Fairfax gave orders for the Army
and Train to march after them the next day, being Sunday, without any more.
intermiffion, the purſuit of the Victory being of parallel confequence with the
obtaining of it. Thefe Orders were chearfully obeyed, though the long march
of the Foot for many days together, and the vehemency of the Battel, might
have made them reft: That night they quartered at Great Glyn, four miles fhort
of Leicester; but the Horfe came nearer; which fo much Alarm'd the Nobility
and Gentry that had fled thither for ſecurity, that they fled thence in great hafte,
leaving the Lord Haftings to defend the place.
The King in the mean time not judging it fafe to lodge at Leiceſter, departed
to Ashby de la Zouch, where he repoſed himſelf ſome few hours; but ftayed not
there, making all fpeed he could from Litchfield in the night, and from thence
into Wales. The other part of the rout, being the Northern Horſe under Sir
Marmaduke Langdale,fled incontinently from the Battel to Newark,and narrow-
ly eſcaped Sir John Gell, who was advancing with 2000 Horfe from Nottingham,
to joyn with the General.
M
The General Fairfax was once unrefolved whether he ſhould prefently march
to relieve Taunton forely diftreffed by the Lord Goring, or undertake Leiceßer.
He had received full information of the ftrength of that Army, and what a
defperate forlorn condition Blake the Governour was in; yet knowing that
now there was no poffibility of juncture with the King, of which before the
Lejcefter re- fight Goring had affured his Majefty within few days, he refolved to reduce
Leicester first.
taken.
Lord Haftings
Governour
thereof.
On Munday the 16 of June, the whole Army came before the Town, when
the General fent a Summons to the Lord Haftings to deliver it to the ufe of the
Parliament; who very refolutely refufed them, and thereupon command was
given for a prefent Storm.
On
1645.
8 I
England, Scotland and Ireland.
t
On the 17, being Tueſday, great ftore of Ladders were brought in, a
Battery railed, upon which two Demy-Cannons and a whole Culverin taken
at Nafeby were planted upon an old Work againſt the Newark, being the
very fame Guns which the King not many days before had uſed againſt the
fame place. Whereupon the Lord of Loughborough, fecing this refolution of
the enemy, fent a Trumpeter out that day with Letters, defiring a Parley
concerning the furrender of the Town; which began that evening, and con-
cluded in an agreement; and on Wedneſday morning, June the 18, the Gar-
riſon marched out, the Governour to Ashby-de-la-Zouch, the Souldiers and The Kings
other Officers to Litchfield, with ftaves onely in their hands.
Souldiers
march out with
There were taken in the Town 14 pieces of Ordnance, 30 Colours, 2000 Staves in their
Arms, 500 Horſe, 50 barrels of Powder, and other Ammunition proportio- hands.
nable thereunto.
•
Then confultation was held whether any Horfe fhould be fent after the
King, who haſtned to Hereford; but the diſtreſs of Taunton in the Weſt ſway-
ed the Parliaments Army thither-ward, being newly muftered, and gratified
with their pay fent down from London.
ments Army
With this intention the Army marched towards Marlborough, where they The Parlia
ſhould be nevertheleſs in the mid-way to Hereford and Taunton, if the King march towards
ſhould appear formidable; but no fuch account being likely to be given of Marlborough.
him, they advanced further Weft-ward, and by the way took in Highworth-
Garrison, and came to Salisbury, where their General had notice that the Coun-
try-men under the Stile of Club-men were generally rifen in thofe Counties, The Club men
(being diftinguithed by a white Ribon in their hats) and had been bickering rife.
with part of Major-General Maffey's forces, which were the onely confider-
able for the Parliament thereabouts; and that there might be fome fufpition
of danger, either in their Quarters or in the field from them: For it was
ſuppoſed they were rifen in favour of the King, however they pretended a neu-
trality, and preſervation of themſelves. To this purpoſe they preſented the
General with two Petitions, the one to the King, the other to the Parlia-
ment; defiring a Sate-conduct to go and deliver them. They were reputed the King and
They Petition
neer the number of ten thousand, then ready at an hours warning to be em- Parliament.
bodyed together; Armed with Country-weapons, Bills and Pitchforks, and
Clubs, and fome Fire-Armes, under the command of one Mr. Hollis,who tranf-
acted with Sir Thomas Fairfax in the matter aforefaid. Their Demands
were high, though reafonable: but of thefe men more anon.
Goring hearing of this advance of the Army, made a femblance and show of Taunton
drawing off from Taunton (where Colonel Welden and the relief lately fent freed, July 7.
were betieged :) after he had marched fome two miles, the Garrifon fally'd
out to fall upon his Rear; when on a fudden he faces about, falls with fury
and execution upon the party, kills many, and purfues the reft into the Town
up to the very Gates, and then fets down clofer than before: But his Scouts And Goring
giving him continual notice of Fairfax's approach, he finally departed, to after his defeat-
prevent the enemies haftie advance, and to get an opportunity of joyning with ing the beſieg:d
the Forces which he expected to his affiftance from the King.
departed.
To this purpoſe he commodioully quartered his Army at Long Sutton, keep- His Army
ing the River betwixt him and his enemies, having the Garritons of Bridge- quartered at
water, Langport, Burrough, and Ilchefter, and ſeveral Paffes upon the River, to Long-Sutton,
friend; the Bridges every where broken down; and it would have been ha-
zardous to force a paffage in view of his Army, who were in good order, rea-
dy to receive any attempt. It was therefore concluded by the Parliamentarians,
to force a paffage at a Town called Evil, and there to put up the bridge
again, and fo fall upon him. The Royalifts underſtanding that Evil was
gained, marched to Langport, and quitted Ilchefter, and a Pals at Load-bridge;
and made ſhow as if (leading the moſt part of the Army that way) they they march to
would furprize Taunton. To prevent that, Major-General Maffey was ordered Langport.
to fall on their Rear, being of that fide the water; which he refolutely Maffey refo-
attempted their Reaï,
N
lutely attempis
82
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
but with lofs. attempted, but with lofs, for nevertheleſs the Royalifts kept themſelves in their
flation and way.
Langport
fight.
fax rents the
The next day, July the 10, General Goring advanced from Langport with
his Foot to the País, having lined the hedges thick with Mufqueteers,and drawn
up his Ordnance,the main Body being placed in good order upon a hill,about a
Mufquet-ſhot from the Pafs. The fight began with the roaring of the Cannon
from Fairfax's Camp with fome execution; then the Foot advanced, and beat
General Fair- the Royalifts from their hedges, and made way for their Horſe, who char-
Lord Goring. ged refolutely under Major Bethel, and were couragiously received by the Roy-
alifts Horſe, drawn up in a lane; who with pure valour beat them back in
diforder, and made notable execution; efpecially the Regiment of Colonel
Nevil, formerly that of the Earl of Carnarvan, did with their wonted, yet
extraordinary magnanimity, renew the encounter,till Desbrough coming in with
fresh fupplies, of which Goring knew they had ftore, he in fome handfome or-
der drew off, having given their Cavalry fuch a ſmart entertainment, that
they were willing to ſtay till their Foot came up. By this time the Royaliſts
had marched two miles in the Lanes, when the whole Army appearing again,
giving another Charge, they drew off in hafte and confufion towards Bridge-
water, having fired and deferted Langport. In this fight and purfuit, of both
fides, were flain about 1000, about 1200 Prifoners taken, fome 1000 Horſe,
two Pieces, 30 Colours of Horfe and Foot; the flight and purfuit continuing
till within two miles of Bridgewater, where that night Fairfax took up his
fax at Bridge- Quarters, in deliberation whether he ſhould follow the Lord Goring, or beliege
that Town, through which the Royalifts in their flight paffed to the North
of Devonshire, where Sir Richard Greenvile and Sir John Berkley joyned with
him, making 6000 ftrong; and Prince Charles and the Lord Hopton were
railing Forces in Cornwal for the fame purpofe.
Langport
fired.
General Fair-
water.
Sir Richard
Greenvile,
and Sir John
Berkley joya
with the Lord
Goring.
Eridgewater
taken, July
23. by the
Parliament.
The Parlia-
Fairfax determined therefore not to weary his Foot with a fudden march,
but to attaque Bridgewater; and refolution was made after a little refpite to
ftorm it. It was a natural-well-fortified place, lying level with the adjacent
valley; the Works about it very regular and ftrong, the Fofs or Ditch deep,
and about 30 foot wide, which was filled up every Tide to the brim, the Line
of no great compafs, and well manned with 1800 Souldiers; having a Caftle
alfo of a confiderable ſtrength within, and the ſupport and maintenance of all
proviſion, victual and Ammunition, every way fufficient.
Such was the difficulty of undertaking it; and the difreputation of leaving
it after a fiege, was catt likewife into the danger: But truſting to their uncon-
troulable Fortune, the Parliamentarians refolved to ftorm it, as a way condu-
cing to free the Army to follow their fuccefs abroad, and make a final end.
Accordingly, on Munday-morning, July 22. ( Hugh Peters having encouraged
them the day before) juft at break of day the Forlorn was led on by Lieute
nant-Colonel Hewson, and feconded by Lieutenant-Colonel Aſhfield, ( men
known, and infamous afterwards) who daringly having thrown their Bridg-
es over the Graft, mounted the Walls; and for all the fhowers of Bullets,
beat the defendants from their Cannon, and turned them upon the Town,
and let down their Draw-bridge, where Captain (afterwards Colonel and
ments forlorn
led by Hewfon Comiffary) Reynolds entred with the Forlorn of Horfe immediately, and fe-
a daring Soul- cured that part of the Town called Eastover, charging as far as the Draw-
bridge of the other. Hereupon 600 of the defendants, who were affigned to
the defence of that place, and had made manful refiftance, craved Quarter,
and had it granted; the whole Storm falling upon them, while the other on
the Welt-fide were but alarmed; but they perceiving this unhappy ftratagem,
ſoon after with Granadoes fired that part of the Town poffeffed by the enemy,
The town fired. and gave figns of an obftinate refiſtance.
dier.
Both fides continued in quiet till Tueſday-night, at which time another round
alarm onely was given, to keep the befieged waking: the General then fent
in another Summons, which was refufed; but the Cannon playing, and fe-
veral
2
;
1645.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
23
83
takes Bur-
veral Granadoes lighting in the Town; after fome Meffages paft, the General
proving very difficult to any Conditions, and prepared for an Affault, the colonel Okey
Town was rendred by the Governour-upon Quarter only for life, on the
of July; Icon more Gentlemen, Clergy, and common Souldiers being made rough-Garri-
Prifoners. Both Towns were lamentably fired. The adjacent Garrison of fon for the Par-
Burrough was a little while before rendred to Colonel Okey.
liament.
After this furrender, the General before he would march further Weftward, The Clubmen
refolved to reduce the Clubmen, who were fo peremptory in their demands: diperjed.
Colonel Fleetwood on the fecond of August encompaffed them in Shaftsbury
with 1000 Horle, and took fifty of the principal, who were Mr. Hollis, Dr. 7hey were Tea
Goche, Mr. Cary, &c. and difarmed and fent them to Prifon; but on the thousand in a
fourth of August, Lieutenant-General Cromwel was fent againtt ſeveral parties Body.
of 10000 of them, who threatned much danger; fome he perfwaded to return
to their dwellings; but on Hambleton-hill neer Strawton 4000 of them ſtood
on their guard, in a place which had been an old Roman-Work, deeply tren-
ched: Thereupon Cromwels Troop charged up the hill, and were repulfed at
the paffage into the Fort; but Desborough coming behind on their Rear, they
were preſently diſperſed, fome 40 killed, and 200 wounded, and
Priſoners, with about 12 Colours taken, in one whereof was Written,
If you offer to plunder, or take our Cattel,
Be affured we will bid you Battel.
400 taken
The Motto of
is
one of their Co-
No doubt, as was faid before, they had fome defign for the King, as was
gueffed from the general affection of thefe parts formerly and conftantly to his
Caufe: but what ever it was, it was now defeated; and the Club-folks had
Club-law.
lears.
Sherburn-Caftle was now befieged, while Colonel Rich took in the City of Sherburn-
Bath, having none but Horfe and Dragoons with him, and the place Tenable: and Bath 4-
Caftle besieged,
and Prince Rupert was alfo on his way to relieve it from Bristol with 1500 ken.
Horſe and Foot; but Okey's Dragoons creeping on their bellies over the Bridge
to the Gate, which they fired, made the Governour furrender July the 29.
upon Articles.
Sherburn-c4-
To return to Sherburn-Caftle; there Sir Lewes Dives was Governour, who sir Lewes
made a most notable defence, which for the honour of that noble Knight, Dives the Go-
who fo conftantly, and through fo many hazards adhered to the King, and vernour of
becauſe this was a place of remarque, and the first that endured a formal fiege Ale, maks a no-
in the beginning of the War, fhall be more largely ſpoken of. A Hay-ftack table defence.
(Auguft the fifth at night) within a ftones throw of the Works was gained, a
Storm was then refolved on, but afterwards deferred, and Battery and Ap-
proaches pitcht upon, together, with Mining, for that the ground wherein the
Caftle ftood was minable. Much hurt was done out of the Caſtle by Birding-
peices, by very skilful Marks-men; feveral Officers and Gunners being killed
by fuch fhot.
Both Mines and Galleries were now made; every worker being rewarded The General
with twelve pence a day and twelve pence a night, fo hazardous was the fer- Summons the
vice; and then a fecond Summons was fent in, with an offer from the Gene- Castle, and oj-
ral that the Ladies and Women might depart. Sir Lewis acknowledged that and wemes
fers the Ladies
civility, but contemned the peremptorinefs of the demand. The Miners their liberty to
were got within two yards of the Wall, where the Rock appearing, they be depart.
gan to doubt of any effect; but it proving but a foft ftone, on the 14 of August
the great Guns played, and had made a Breach by the evening in the middle
of the Wall, fo that ten a breaft might enter; and one of the Towers was
beaten down, when the Parliament-Souldiers were fo venturous, as for fix
pence a Bullet to fetch off all the Cannon-fhot that rebounded from the Caftle,
of which there was great fcarcity..
N 2
A
the
84
Part. 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
1
The caftle a-
ned.
A third Summons was now fent in, to deliver the Cattle, or expect ex-
gain Summo- tremity; to which Sir Lewis told the Drum, that he would hang him: That
The Governours the language was fo far different from what he had formerly received, that he
refolute answer. could not believe it came from the fame hand: That whatever happened, he would
not lose his honour to fave his life, which he should think well bestowed in the fer-
Sherburn-
Castle taken
Auguſt. 15.
vice.
The Mine being now ready to fpring, a general Affault was refolved on,
the Gallery being advanced fo neer the Works, that the Souldiers pulled the
Wool out of the Woolfacks from the beſieged, who made fires all night to dif
cover the Mines and Approaches. Two of the Towers were alſo gained, and
with that encouragement the Affaylants without order improved it, forcing
them within from their Guns, which they had planted to oppoſe their entrance
at the Breach, ſo that preſently they were forced to quit the great Court with-
in the Caſtle: Which fo difheartned them, that the Befiegers haftily, and be-
fore the time appointed, leapt over the Works, and fo into the Caſtle; which
was followed by the whole Army, who prefently poffeffed themſelves of it,
and plundered it fufficiently, ftripping every perfon within it; but becauſe
Sir Lewis Di- of the little oppofition they found, giving indifferent good quarter. Sir Lewis
ves imprisoned was taken Priſoner, and kept fo a long while in the Tower, till after the death
in the Tower: of the King, being defigned for the flaughter alfo, he made an eſcape from his
he escapes to
Ireland.
Nunny-Caftle
taken by Colo-
nel Rainsbo-
Keeper at White-ball, whither he was brought to be examined, and foon after
did notable ſervice in Ireland for his prefent Majefty. There were taken alſo
400 Priſoners, Colonel Giles Strangeways, Sir William Walcot, Colonel Thorn-
bil : and the Clubmen of the parts adjacent fully quieted by the lofs of this
place, their Leaders being fent Prifoners with thofe of Sherburn.
The next place defigned as a further Trophee of the Parliaments victorious.
Army, after ſome diſpute (becauſe Plymouth was ftraightly befet, and in
the fame plight now, as Taunton formerly) was Bristol.. In the march of the
Army thither, Colonel Rainsborough took in Nunny-Caftle the 21 of Auguſt,
upon condition of liberty to go to their own houfes. Commiffary-General
Ireton was firft fent with 2000 Horfe to fecure the Villages and Towns adja-
cent to Bristol, from being fired by the Royalifts in that City, which becauſe
of its importance, being juftly reckoned in the firft rank of populous Cities of
the Kingdom, and the onely confiderable part the King had for Shipping,
Trade and Riches, and lay advantagious for fupplies from Ireland, was thought
Ireton fent to-
wards Briftol. neceffary to be reduced; and the danger of leaving fo confiderable a ſtrength
of 3000 Horfe and Foot, as Prince Rupert could make in the field, and leave a
ſufficient Garriſon befides, was no inconfiderable motive to the attempt,
rough for the
Parliament.
Several Salleys
with different
Succeß. Sir
Bernard Afh-
ley mortally
wounded.
Sir Thomas
Fairfax's Sum-
mens to Prince
Rupert.
At the ſetting down of the Army, feveral Salleys were made, with different
fuccefs; Sir Bernard Ashley mortally wounded and taken under the Walls,
when on the fourth of September a Summons was fent in unto Prince Rupert ;
which for its extraordinary civility and ftile, and that feeming reverence it
bears, (for here the game began, this being the first taft of this Model, and
drawn by Ireton) is very delightful to infert.
SIR,
For his Highness Prince Rupert.
'Or the ſervice of the Parliament, I have brought their Army before the City of
Briſtol, and do Summon you in their Names to render it, with all the Forts
belonging to the fame, into my hands for their uſe.
Having uſed this plain language, as the buſineſs requires, I wish it may be as
effectual unto you, as it is fatisfactory to my felf, that I do a little expoftulate with
about the Surrender of the same; which I confeß is a way not common, and
you
which Ihould not have uſed, but in respect to fuch a perſon, and fuch a place.
Itake into confideration your Royal Birth, and Relation to the Crown of England,
your
16+5.
85
England, Scotland and Ireland.
your Honour, Courage, the vertues of your perfun, and the ſtrength of that place,
which you may think your felf bound and able to maintain.
Sir, the Crown of England is and will be where it ought to be; we fight to
maintain it there; but the King misled by evil Counſellours, or through a ſeduced
heart, hath left his Parliament, under God the beſt aſſurance of his Crown and Fa-
mily: : the maintaining of this Schiſm, is the ground of this unhappie War on your
parts and what fad effects it bath produced in the three Kingdoms, is vifible to
all men. To maintain the rights of the Crown and Kingdom joyntly, a principal.
part thereof is, that the King in Supream A&ts is not to be advised by men of whom
the Law takes no notice, but by his Parliament, the great Council of the Kingdom,
in whom (as much as man is capable of ) he hears all his people as it were at once
adviſing him, and in which multitude of Counſellours lies his ſafety, and his peoples
Intereft: And to ſee him right in this, hath been the constant and faithful endea-
vours of the Parliament; and to bring thoſe wicked inſtruments to justice that have
miſled him, is the principal ground of our fighting.
Sir, if God makes this clear to you, as he hath to us, I doubt not but he will Obferve the
give you a heart to deliver this place, notwithstanding all the other confiderations of these words.
frange guise of
Honour, Courage, Fidelity, &c. Becauſe of their conftancy and ufe in the pre-
fent bufinefs, depends upon the right or wrongfulneſs of this that hath been
faid. And if upon fuch conviction you shall furrender it, and fave the loß of
blood, er bazard the spoiling of fuch a City, it would be an occaſion glorious in it
felf, and joyful to us, for the restoring of you to the endeared affections of the Par-
liament and People of England, the truett friend to your Family it hath in the
World.
But if this be hid from your eyes, and through your wilfulneß, this fo great,
famous and ancient a City be by your putting us to force the fame expoſed to the ruine
and extremities of War (which yet we fhall in that cafe as much as poffible en-
deavour to prevent ) then I appeal to the righteous God, to be judge between you
and us, and to require the wrong. And let all England judge whether the burning
of its Towns, ruining its Cities, and deſtroying its people, be a good requital from
a perfon of your Family, which hath the Prayers, Tears, Purſes, and blood of its
Parliament and People. And if you look on either as now divided, bath ever had
that fume party both in Parliaments and People, moft zealous for their affistance and
reftitution, which you now oppoſe and ſeek to deſtroy, and whoſe conſtant grief bath
been, that their defires to serve that your Family, have been ever hindred or made
fruitless by that fame party about his Majesty, whofe Counsel you act, and whofe
Interest you pursue in this unnatural War.
I expect your ſpeedy Anſwer to this Summons, with the return of the Bearer
this evening, and remain
1
Your Highneß Humble Servant,
THO. FAIRFAX.
The Trumpeter was detained all the night, during which there was a volunta. The Trumpeter
ry Ceffation on both fides; which continued all the next day, when this Anfwer detained:a cef-
was returned.
fation.
SIR,
Received
I yours by your Trumpeter; I defire to know whether you will give me Prince Ruperes
leave to fend to the King to know his pleasure in it.
Your Servant,
RUPERT
Anfier.
·To
}
86
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Sir Thomas
Fairfax's reply.
SIR,
Yu
To which this was the Reply next day.
+
Our overture of fending to the King to know his pleasure, I cannot give way to,
because of delay. I confeß your Anfwer doth intimate your intention not to
furrender without his Majesties confent; yet because it is but implicite, I fend again
to know a more pofitive Answer from your felf, which I defire may be fuch as may
render me capable of approving my felf
*
Your Highneſs Humble Servant,
THO. FAIRFAX.
In the mean while, additions of Country-forces, by means of Mr. Aſhe and
others, promoting the Generals Warrant to that purpoſe, being come to the
Leaguer, a Storm was concluded on, for that intelligence came to the Army,
and was feconded with advice from the Committee of both Kingdoms, that
the King, who was then newly come out of the Affociated Counties, of which
by and by, was intended for the relief of Bristol, and to that purpoſe was to
joyn with General Goring, who was newly inforced, as was faid before, and
was now about Collumpton in Devonshire; whofe Letters intercepted, being
fent to Secretary Nicholas, faid, that within three Weeks time he fhould be
in a condition to relieve the Town: So that the Prince did prudently ten-
porize with Fairfax, by fending out a Draught of very high Articles, while fuc-
cour might be fent him, and his Lines finifhed; though others, and thoſe va-
liant expert Commanders, of whom for honours fake Colonel Pretty ought
not to be forgotten, declared, that the Town was tenable by force, and nee-
ded not the courtefie or charms of words to preferve it: but it fince appears,
that the Prince had Orders from the King, if it came to extremity, to furrender
it upon honourable Articles.
On the 10 of September, the City having been alarmed two nights together,
Briſtol Storm- about two of the Clock in the morning the Storm began, which was round
ed Sept. 10.
the City; (for the Sea-men alfo having by the lofs of Portfhed, which was
rendred to Colonel Weldens Regiment) free riding in the River, attempted it
of their fide; but the Tide failed them) the difpofal of the feveral pofts of
the ſeveral Regiments was after this manner. The fignal being given, which
was by fetting on fire a great heap of ftraw and faggots on the top of a hill,
and the fhooting of four great Pieces of Ordnance againft Pryors Fort, from
the place where the General was to refide all the time of the Storm, the
General Affault began: Colonel Montague and Colonel Pickerings Brigade,
with their Regiments, at Lawfords gate entred fpeedily, and recovered two
and twenty great Guns, and took many Priſoners in the Works; them Major
Desborough feconded with his Horfe of the Generals Regiment, and part of
Colonel Graves. Sir Hardrefs Waller's Regiment, and the Generals, between
Lawfords gate and the River Froom. Lieutenant-Colonel Pride's Regiment
part againſt Pryors Fort, and part to alarm the great Fort, who in the mean
while took a Fort wherein were fome Welch-men. Colonel Horn, and Co-
lonel Rauftings attempted neer Pryors Fort. The Horfe that entred here,
were led on by Captain Ireton, feconded by Major Bethel, who received a ſhot
in the thigh, whereof he after dyed: whofe Troops likewife mortally wounded
Colonel Taylor of the Kings party. The Line being thus thrown down by the
Pioneers, and maſtered both by the Foot and Horſe,the Royalifts Horſe retreated,
and ſtood in a Body under the favour of the great Fort, and Coultons Fort.
Priors-hill-Fort held out the moft obftinately, but at length was refolutely ma-
tered, where Prides Souldiers gave no quarter except to a very few, in regard
of the great flaughter they within made by their gallant defence.
But
1645.
87
England, Scotland and Ireland.
But on the Somersetshire-fide, the fuccefs was not anfwerable, where Co-
lonel Weldens, Ingoldsby, and Herberts Regiments were appointed to ftorm;
thefe, by reafon of the height of the Work, which they had not rightly
calculated, the Ladders proving too fhort, were repulfed with great loss of a-
bove 300 men; Leiutenant-Colonel Purefoy, and Major Cromwel killed in the
general Affault; and foon after, fome part of the Town was fet on fire, to make
the other more defenfible: And then the Prince thought good to treat, and
obtained the Conditions he firft propounded, faving that the General delivered upon
and afterwards
would not admit of freeing the City from any Garrifon. I may not omit, that Articles.
Sir Richard Crane, a familiar and Favorite of the Prince, was killed fome time Sir Richard
before in a Salley.
Crane flain.
march to Ox-
The Royalists
ford.
According to the honourable Articles of the Surrender, on the 14 of Sep
tember the Royaliſts Marched out, and then affigned (as was before agreed )
Oxford for the place they would go to; and becaufe of the danger of the
Clubmen, had 1000 Arms lent them at the Princes intreaty for his Foot, to
fecure them in their way, which in all amounted to 1500, and the Horfe to
near half as many; and were exactly to their Conditions convoyed to the
City aforefaid, the General waiting upon the Prince two miles out of Bri- The Gen. waits
Stol.
on Prince Ru-
pert two miles
The Plague at
After this Rendition, the General thought it not fit to refide at Briſtol, out of Briſtol.
becauſe of the Plague that was rife in the City: It feems that infection hath
an antidote against its communicableness in fight and Battel, and onely kills Briftol.
in peace; fo God orders it, that two fuch devourers fhould not at one time
be entertained together; nor was it ever known that two contrary Armies
were at the fame time, though never fo neer one another, afflicted with the
fame Contagion. The General therefore, to avoid the after-clap, removed to
Bath, to intend his health, and repoſe in that falubrious place, alligning the Ar- sir Tho. Fair-
my their refreſhments againſt a March further Weltward, where it is now fax removes to
time to leave them to their furfetting fweets of Conqueft.
Bath.
We will now therefore travel on with this difcourfe Northward, where
the Town and Caftle of Scarborough, fo gallantly defended for a long time a-
gainſt ſeveral Commanders, and lately againſt Sir John Meldrum the Scot,
(of whom before at Newark) who laid his bones under the Walls thereof,
was now freſhly and more vigorously befieged by Sir Matthew Boyaton in his
place; to whom, after a long and tedious leaguering, the Garriton worn out by
fickneſs, many flain, and uo hopes of reliet, and the North poffeffed by the
Scots and Parliament, the valiant Loyal Governour Sir Hugh Cholmly deliver- sir Hugh
ed it after a long Treaty,upon very honourable Conditions. Raby-Cattle futtered Cholmley de-
the like fate, and had the like Articles; and Skipton and Sandal-Cattle did livers Scarbo-
afterwards the fame, and the Cattle of Pomfret lome time before to General rough to Sir
Poyntz, the Garrison marching to Newark:
Matthew
Hereford be-
Boynton, for
The Scots, with much intreaty, and more money, were now prevailed with the Parliament,
to march Southward, and in the way took Canon-Froom a ftrong Garriſon by July 25.
Storm. On the 15 of Augut they fate down before Hereford, having made
Raby, Skip-
miſerable ſpoil in their march, which they hoped to compleat at this City, a- and Pomfret-
ton, Sandal,
gainſt which they proceeded in all hoftile manner, by Mines, Batteries and Af- Caftles deli-
faults; but all to no purpoſe, more than the perfwafion, Summons, and induce- to the Parl.
ment from the oppreffed Country, fome Gentlemen whereof were wrought up- jieged by vot
on to requeft Sir Barnabas Scudamore to deliver the Town to their burdenfome Scots. They
guefts the Scots, and fo deliver them from their prefent charge and oppreffion. Fake Canon-
A great number of men they loft here daily, being rejected with fcorn upon Froom.
their Summons; and at last hearing of the Kings approach, who was come Scudamore
Sir Barnabas
from Oxford that way, they raiſed their fhameful Siege, and by the way of Glou- Governour of
cefter departed to Warwick, and ſo Northward again,to the hiffing and laughter Hereford.
of the people through whom they paffed. But now to a more forrowful buli- ed.
The Siege raif-
nefs, the diftracted unpleafant progrefs of the King.
all
The King after his defeat at Nafeby had fled towards Wales, with an intention
to
$
88
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
ters the Scots
and enters the
to recruit; but the neceffity of his affairs requiring no long ftay thereabout, he
poſted back again, his Armies being thus bestowed: The Lord Hepton and the
Prince neer Exeter, Sir Richard Greenvile about Southam, Goring at Okington, and
Prince Maurice at Worcester, and the King with a flying Army every where. The
The King in firft account of his actions was from Bewdley (whither he advanced from Litch-
perfon encoun
field) where he Encountred fome of the Scots Horfe and Dragoons,and worſted
at Bewdley, them; then he paffed to Sedbury and Aſhburn in Derby-ſhire,and Skirmishes with
and werfteth Sir John Gell, and defeated his party; and on the 16 of Auguft came to Wel-
them: defeats beck-houſe,belonging to the Marquefs of Newcastle in Nottinghamshire. Here he
Sir John Gell, ftayed not long, but made all the haft he could,(being at liberty to go whither he
Affociation, would, but of no ftrength to make ufe of and enjoy it, like Confumptive bo-
and furprifeth dies, whofe Legs do laft of all fail them) into the Affociation. His Marches
Huntingdon. were fo volatile, uncertain, and iwift, that no preparatory reſiſtance could be
made; fo that he maſtered where e're he came, Alarming his Enemies every
where; who while they confult to joyn Forces, are forced to dif-joyn thoſe they
have together, to meet with every emergency his nimble Troops occafioned. In
this manner he furprized Huntingdon-Town, which he entred on Sunday after
Noon in Service-time, with fome little oppofition made against him at the
Eridge, where he flew the Captain and Lieutenant that maintained it, with moſt
of the Souldiers, and put the Town to ranſome, Auguſt 24.
and Cam-
bridge.
St. Ives fined
500 pound by
the King.
The King at
Oxford.
The Royalifts
began to come
Iit poi compo-
Sujon.
The King mar-
cheth towards
Wales; comes
From thence he marched with the like expedition and celerity, faced the Town
and University of Cambridge; but out of his favourable regard to that place,
departed as fuddenly; but yet the fright of his Coming had driven the moſt
factious out of Colledges and Town; while his Majefty contented himſelf with
cafting a benevolent look upon that Nurſery, that had been Planet-ftrook with
the astonishing feizures of the Rebellion.
His next Stage was Ouburn, having by the way fined St. Ives in 500 pound:
and good reafon of State there was for this manner of Tax in fuch places as the
Affociation, which had fo largely contributed to the Rebellion, and fo far af-
fitted and maintained it, free befides from the burthen of the War; and the
gieat Bulwark, as London was the Cattle and Magazine, of the Parliaments
Caufe. His next remove was to Doncafter, the way he took for Oxford, whither
he came on the 28 of August.
At his firſt arrival he found his Court much altered; fome of the Nobility
(betides others)veryRight Honourably run away to the Parliament,being thereto
allured by the late Propofitions of Peace, which the Houfe after much importu-
nity vouchfafed his Majefty; which imported in one claufe, that all fuch as
would come in, fhould be received upon payment of the tenth part of their
Eftates which for the richer fort fignified to be clapt in Prifon, and received
into cuftody, but yet this ftratagem mainly helped forward the finking of the
Royal Cauſe, which having no Arms to protect it felf, fell thus into the treache-
rous embraces of its enemies: For while they adventured rafhly upon the fecu-
rity of the Propofitions, they found themſelves miltaken upon the Prelimina-
ry, and ſtumbled at the threshold, not having obtained Paffes for their accefs
to the Parliaments Quarters; which error being rectified at laſt, the two Hou-
fes enhanced that commodity; fuch a quick Trade there was of the fame,
that Compofition could not be had at the first rate; the Publipue Faith being
alike good, and of the fame value, in taking from Friends and Enemies: for
now the expiatory money of their Loyalty was come to the Fifth part, and
a time limited for that favour too, if men made not extraordinary haft to un-
do themſelves and their Families, to fave a little bread and falt, the remainders
of fome fair Eftates. Oh unfortunate Allegiance and Duty!
Theſe heavy misfortunes both of publique and private concernment, the
King not able, or unwilling to be enured to, by a conftant fight of them, de-
to Ludlow, de- parted with his flying Army towards Wales again, intending for the relief of
figning to re- Chelter: with this purpofe, on the 19 of September he came to Ludlow, and
Chefter. there understood that General Pointz out of the North was dogging him at
the
1645.
89
England, Scotland and Ireland.
the heels, being thereto appointed by the Committee of both Kingdoms, ex-
pecting an advantagious jun&ure of time and place to fight him; which up-
on the Kings neer advance to Chester, offered it felf. It was fore-thought
that his defign was there, and therefore it was agreed by the befiegers and
Poyntz, that as foon as the King fhould approach, he ſhould inftantly engage,
and upon fignal accorded on, they fhould draw off, leaving a convenient force
to make good the Leaguer, and joyn with him in the fight.
At Routon-heath, within two miles of Chester, the King made a halt, to Routon-heath-
give notice to the betieged likewife, when Poyntz defperately fell on, and be- fight, Sept. 24.
ing far engaged, was prefently worſted and beaten, the Kings Horfe, which The Parlia
was all his ftrength, fighting couragiouſly; but while he was Rallying again, ments Forces
? under General
in the very nick of a compleat Victory to the King (which had difowned and Poyntz beaten,
forfook him) in come his Referves commanded by Colonel Jones and Loutbian, but referves
with neer 1000 Horfe and Foot; which gave fo much encouragement to Poyntz, coming in, the
broken Forces, that they returned to another Charge. While the King was King is wor-
a mufing what to do, being befet in Front and Rear, in fine, he made ano-
fted.
ther brave Charge, where though he had the worst, yet he made thereby his
Retreat good in part, though in fome diforder, and with lofs particularly of
that thrice-Noble Lord Bernard Stuart, Earl of Litchfield, the latt of the three
Illuſtrious Brothers of the Duke of Richmond late deceaſed; and fo got into
Cheſter with the remains of his Army, where there was no fafety for him to Chefter, and
The King quits
continue, but upon advice it was held expedient to depart again for Wales, goes into
of the fixed affection of which people the King had had conftant experi- Wales.
ence.
After fo many difafters upon the neck of one another, yet did not the
King deſpair of his Arms, nor with pufillanimity give himſelf over to the com-
plaints of his hard Fortune: Though he had loft Armies in the field, and
Fortreffes and Cities in every Corner of the Kingdome, yet was he inexpug-
nable and invincible in his own mind, and in the Loyal affection and conftant
fincerity of his Friends and good Subjects, whofe firm adherence (till he to-
tally diſarmed them himfelt, by his expreſs command) and Gods Soveraign
affittance and ftrengthning of him within, when there was no help from with-
out, was admirable, and more admirably improved in his Meditations on
this fubject.
tone, or
Foolly
'Rom fmall beginnings on my part, he let me fee that I was not Eikon Bafil.
wholly forfaken by my peoples love, or his protection. My fins
Sometimes prevailed against the justice of my Canfe; and those that
were with me wanted not matter and occafion for his just chaftife-
ment both of them and me. Nor were mine enemies les puniſhed by
that profperity, which hardned them to contrive that Injustice by
open Hoftility, which was begun by moft riotous and Unparliamen-
tary Tumults. I never
I never had any Victory which was without my for-
row, becauſe it was on mine own Subjects, who like Abfalom died
many in their fin. And I never fuffered any defeat which made me
despair of Gods mercy and defence.
When Providence gave me or denyed me victory, my defire was
neither to boast of my power, nor charge God foolishly, whom I be-
leived at laſt would make all things work together for my good.
I wiſhed no greater advantages by the War, than to bring my
Ehemies to moderation, and my Friends to peace. I was afraid
of the temptation of an abfolute Conqueft; and never prayed more
for Victory over others, than over my felf. When the first was de-
nyed, the second was granted me; which God saw beſt for me.
O
For
*
...
}
Horje.
90
{
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
The King affifts For notwithstanding theſe fad loffes fo thick together, the King by moving
Montrols with up and down recollecting the fcatterings of feveral parties, had gotten to-
gether a good body of Horſe, with which on the 10 of October he marched to
Texford, thence to Welbeck, and quartered part of his Army at Blits the 13
day, and rendezvoufed the 14 at Waifop, where, to answer the inftant re-
queft of the Marquefs of Montrofs (who was deteated as betorefaid at Phi-
lipfhaugh) for fome affiftance in Horfe, he divided his Army, and appointed
Sir Marmaduke Langdale and the Lord Digdy to march Northwards, and
with all convenient speed to joyn with the faid Marquefs. This they at-
tempted, while the King went for Newark, taking ſuch a way, as amazed
the Parliaments Forces whither they were defigned, or how they ſhould
Sherburn fight way-lay them, and intercept their paffage. About Sherburn they wheeled
08o. 25. in off, and beat up a guard, intending to rendezvous at Bramton Brierly, the
whole number of their Horfe amounting to neer 1600. At this Camifade,
they furpriſed at Sherborn and Mylford 800 Foot, and difabled Colonel Wren's
Regiment of Horte. All their Arms they endeavoured to have carried off, lay-
ing them in heaps on the ftreet, till they could get Carriages to convey them
York-bire.
and Colonel
Lilburn.
away.
1
While they were providing, Colonel Copley, and Colonel Lilburn, who had
Toe Royalifis
forced to fly, by attended their Motion, fell upon them with the like number of truth Horſe;
Colonel Copley and after a ſharp diſpute, where Copley's Regiment were first defeated, the
Royalifts were forced to give back, and fo fid Northwards; the enemy re-
covering all their Arms and Pritoners, took 400 of them Priſoners, (among
the flain was Sir Francis Carnaby, and Sir Richard Hutton, with 40 more) the
Countess of Niddiſdale, and tour or five Colonels, twelve Captains and Oth-
cers; and the belt prize of all, was the Lord Digby's Coach, wherein, beides
the rich ſpoil, were alto the Trophees of other mens fhame, private Letters of
the King's, which were publifhed with thofe taken at Nafeby, to the great
fcandal of all ingenuous and civil people. But as the War began with Tu-
mults, fo it was to be ended with worfe indignities, thofe bale and Vulgar
Proftitutions. The Lord Digby was met and routed again at Carliſle-Sands,
and from thence with 20 men got to the lile of Man, and to to the Mar-
quels of Ormond in Ireland.
Lord Digby
routed at Car-
lifle-Sands, he
flies into Ire-
land.
The King at
Newark,
Octob. Lord
Bellafis Go
The King was at Newark, where a diffention happned concerning this very
mistortune, as if it had not been calamitous enough it felt, while the King and
the Lord Bellafis (then Governour of that Town) fided with the reputation
of the Lord Digby, against the imputation with which the two Princes Rupert
vernour thereof and Maurice, the Lord Gerrard, Sir Richard Willis, (formerly Governour of
Lord Digby
the laine) charged him, as disloyal and treacherous. For upon this difference,
chareed with
difloyalty by
which was grown to a quarrel, the Lord Gerrard, and Sir Richard Willis,
divers Lords, with fome hundreds more, withdrew themſelves in a diſcontent, and laid
the King bis
down their Commiffions; and the two Princes, as they were coming to take
friend.
their leave of the King in the fame mood, were treating with General Poyntz
for Paffes and Terms according to their respective qualities. This was firſt
agitated at, Worton-houfe, fome fourteen miles from Newark, and was accor-
dingly entertained by the Parliament, who gave Colonel Roffiter order to
give fuch Paffes and Conditions; the fevereft whereof was, That all perfons
going beyond Seas by Warrant of either Houles, and after returning, shall have
neither pardon nor quarter given them by the Parliament.
The King re-
turns to Ox-
ford.
1
The King ftaid at Newark about ten days; it being reputed the ſafeſt Gar-
rifon he had, for that there was no confiderable enemy neer it; and the
Souldiers within were numerous and refolute, and the place known to be
tenable and well provided, and befides, lay moſt advantagious for the King
to draw together any Force, having loft and drayned molt of his Garrifons
in other Counties: But upon this Feud, and untowardness of his affairs, he
in the beginning of November departed from hence, with a Convoy of 600
Horfe to Oxfords fo free and fafe was the paffage in that part of England
from
}
1645.
91
England, Scotland and Ireland.
from any Armies, while the Weftermoft Counties were full of them, and la-
bouring to be delivered.
Convoy.
But though the King efcaped any Encounter, the faid Convoy returning Gen. Poyntz
home, w.re fet upon by General Poyntz, and routed, the fixth day of Novem- routs the Kings
ber, and ſo ſhifted away to their Garrilon; while the Victor fets down before
Eelvoyr takens
Belvoyr-Castle, where Sir Gervas Lucas was Governour for the King; fummon- Sir Gervas
ed it, and affaulted it, but both to the like purpoſe, till after a fiege of four Lucas Gover-
months, the Houſe and Caftle was delivered up to him on the 2 of February, nour thereof.
upon honourable Conditions, Sir Gervas and his Officers being convoyed to
Litchfield.
ken.
Fairley-Caftle in Somersetshire,, the Devifes, Lacock Houfe (to Colonel Pic- Several castles
kering) Chepstow-Cafile delivered to the Parliament, the laſt to Colonel Mor and Houfesta-
gan Governour of Gloucester; and Berkley Caftle, where Sir Charles Lucas com-
manded, to Colonel Rainsborough, after a Noble defence; when the Out-works
were taken, and two Summons refufed, Sir Charles faying, he would eat Berkley Caftle
Horse-flesh first, and mans flesh when that was done, before he would yeild: But Surrendred by
upon
the planting of the Guns upon thofe Works againſt the Caſtle, was glad Sir Charles
to Surrender, and (pare thofe dainties for another extremity, when he made
good his Bill of Fare.
Lucas.
The Devises, and Winchester, after a breach made in the Caſtle thereof by Devifes and
the great Guns, furrendred by the Lord Ogle to Lieutenant-General Crom- Wincheſter
wel: there marched out thence to Woodstock 700 men, the chief whereof were the Lord Ogle.
Surrendred by
the Governour, Sir William Courtney, Sir John Pawlet, and Doctor Curl Biſhop of
that Diocefs, to whom Hugh Peters offered fome civilities. A Reverend Pre-
late, who refided amidit his Flock, even in thefe days of danger and trouble;
and quitted not his Charge, while he was fuffered no longer to continue in
it.
The period of the glory and honour of Bafing-houſe was now approaching, Bafing-houſe
for thither next came Crommel, who after his Batteries were placed, fetled formed and ta-
the ſeveral poſts for the Storm; Colonel Dalbeir on the North-fide of the
ken.
Houſe next the Grange, Colonel Pickering on his left, and Sir Hardreß Wal-
ler's and Colonel Mountague's Regiments next him. The Storm was October
the 14 at fix in the morning: Pickering ftormed the new houfe, paffed
through, and got the gate of the old houfe; whereupon the defendants beat
a Parly, but it would not be hearkened to. In the mean time Mountague and
Waller's Regiments affaulted the ftrongest Works, where their Court of guard
was kept, which they refolutely recovered, with a whole Culverin; and draw-
ing their Ladders after them, got over another Work, and the Houfe-Wall,
before they could enter. Sir Hardreß Waller was lightly wounded here; ma-
ny of the defendants were put to the Sword, being about one hundred, and
one Virgin, Doctor Griffith's Daughter, whom the enemy fhamefully left Doctor Grif-
naked: of note, Major Cuffle, flain by the hands (as ſuppoſed ) of Major fiths Daughter
(fince Major-General) Harriſon. There were taken Prifoners 400, within. Marqueß
their Officers, among whom the Noble Marquefs of Winchefter himself, and and the Gover-
Sir Robert Peak the Governour, who with the Colours alſo taken, were ſent our fent Prifo-
up together to London.
of Wincheſter
hers to Lon-
don.
This Fortress of Loyalty, (the place being called by that name, Love Loy-
alty being written in every window of that fpacious houſe) which Mr. Peters
faid, (who gave the relation of its taking to the Houfe of Commons)
would become an Emperor to dwell in, by the fpite and fury of a Rebel-
lious crew was turned into Alhes, to the incredible lofs of the Marquefs, Bafing-houſe
who notwithſtanding in the very ruining of it was heard to fay, That if the
demolished.
King bad no more ground in England but Bafing-houfe, he would adventure as
he did, and ſo maintain it to the utmost. It was commonly called Baſting-
boufe, and that truely enough; but now it muft needs crumble under the
heavy load of the Kings adverfe fortune, which brought three Kingdomes
with it to no leſs a ruine.
O 2
Great
92
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
7
The plunder
great and rich.
wel.
Great and rich was the plunder here; one Common Souldier getting 300
pounds in filver, and was left in an inftant by his Camerades worth but one
Half-crown of it all. And no lefs was the quantity of provifions, which
were enough to fuffice for fome years. All which came into the Conquerours
hands entire, with a Bed worth 1400 pounds; who unhandfomly enough fei-
zed and diſpoſed of them; the account whereof will one day be as juftly re-
quired.
Langford-
Theſe Services being over, and the Weftern-Road cleared, Cromwel was
houfe Surren- commanded to attend on the General, now advanced after the Lord Goring: in
died to Crom- his way thither, he came and befieged Langford-houſe, belonging to the Lord
of Colerain, neer Salisbury, and upon Summons, had it delivered to him up-
on fair and equal Conditions, October 18. While the General on the 19 in-
tending to ftorm Tiverton, the Chair of the Draw-bridge by one unlucky fhot
broke in two, and let down the bridge; whereupon the Souldiers ran in,
and ſeized all but the Church and Caftle, which were preſently yeilded, and
quarter upon their asking for it given; but plundered they were even to their
skins. Here was taken one Major Sadler, an active valorous fellow, who
had revolted from the Parliament-fide, and had now held intelligence, and
proffered them the like fervice he had done the King, for his pardon; not-
withſtanding he was condemned, and yet made a fhift to eſcape to Exeter,
ken by Fairfax. where upon the fame fcore of Treachery to them, having underftood of his
Major Sadler practices (by collution no doubt of both parties) and for deſerting of his poft
at Tiverton, he was fentenced and executed. Here was alfo taken Sir Gilbert
Talbot the Governour, and 4 Majors, and 200 Common Souldiers, who were
Tiverton ta-
executed: Sir
Gilbert Tal-
bot taken Pri-
Joner.
Tranfactions in
the west be-
twixt the Ar-
mies.
eter, by the
endeavours ac-
made Priſoners of War.
There was nothing now left the King in the Weft, but what lay in the
farthermoft parts of Devonshire and Cornwal, and 6000 Horfe, of whom the
onely fear was, left they might break through and get Eaft ward: The Country
therefore was commanded to keep diligent Watch, and to be affiſtant in intel-
ligence, if the Royalifts fhould attempt it: and becauſe it was Winter-time,
and the Army wearied, it was not thought fit to advance after the Royaliſts,
The fiege of Ex- but to fet down before Exeter. During this fiege, which was at a good di-
ftance, blocking up the City by Forts round about it, an Accommodation was
Lord Fairfax, endeavoured by the Prince with the Lord Fairfax, by a Letter ſent to him from
Prince Rupert the Lord Capel for Paffes and fuch other previous things to a Treaty, which
commodation he defired fhould take effect betwixt the King his Father and the Parlia-
with Fairfax. ment: but Fairfax refuſed that, ſaying he was a Souidier, and but the ſervant
of the Parliament, who alone might fo allow, or confider of fuch defires. This
was feconded by General Goring, whofe defign was like that intended before
when the Earl of Eflex was at Leftithiel, to have both Armies joyn, and make
the King and Parliament come to a conclufion and peace; but this with no
other effect than formerly. Soon after this, General Goring paffed over into
France, leaving his Troops to the command of the Lord Wentworth, refolv-
ing to return with fupplyes by Spring: but providence had otherwife deter-
mined of the Kings affairs.
General Go-
ring goes into
France.
Lord Went
worth com-
mands his
Troops.
A skirmiſh at
Corf-Caftle
between the
Kings Horfe
and the Parli-
aments; the
Kings Horfe
worsted.
1
The King was very induſtrious, but his Councels fo diftracted with the re-
fractoriness of his Fortune, that he could effe& nothing; nevertheless, to fhew
his willingness, and to be doing, he fent a party of Horſe Weftward, which for
a while rambled up and down about Oxford, fetching in Contribution, to
the regret of the Parliament, who complained of it to their General, who
preſently fent away a party of Horſe, who fell upon fome of thofe Horfe neer
Corf-Caftle, and refcued the Committee-men of Dorfet at Wareham, taken by
them; and ſeeing no further danger of thoſe Horfe, returned to their Army,
there being fome likelihood of engagement.
For it was now refolved by the Prince, by all means to free Exeter, a-
bout which City fome inconfiderable skirmishes had happened, till the
taking of Pouldram-Caſtle; Captain (afterwards Colonel) Deane, Comptrouler
of
F
}
1645.
93
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
#
of the Ordnance, appearing therein very active: and it was informed the
Lord Hopton, that the Army was wafted with fickness; which indeed was
true, but they never wanted recruits, nor any other neceffary: fo that the
Prince having come as far as Okehampton, in his way underſtanding the force
of the Army, drew back again; whereupon Fairfax preſently fet down before
Dartmouth, being fo far advanced, and gave notice of the Princes retreat to Fairfax at
Plymouth, to encourage them in their defence; who having been long beficged, Dartmouth.
and bar'd of all Trade by land, were impatient of the Siege, but had lately Plymouth
made a fucceſsful Salley, and expected a final deliverance from their General, fiege deferted.
now fomething neer them; which accordingly happened without the Generals
prefence, for the onely Rumour of his coming ferved turn.
The Prince being marched back without any encounter, fave that Crommel Lord Went-
beat up one of my Lord Wentworth's Brigades quarters at Bovey-Tracy, and worth morted
took fome 50 Priſoners, and 300 Horfe; and a skirmish by Sir Hardref by Cromwel.
Waller, where he took fome Prifoners allo; the General refolved to attaque
Dartmouth, a Port-Town, and where fupplies from France or elfe-where
might be landed; and therefore fummoned Sir Hugh Pollard the Governour,
who refuſed to treat; which put him in a refolution to ftorm it. He came Dartmouth
thither on the 12 of January, and on the 18 at eleven at night furiously affaul- formed and ta-
ken, Sir Hugh
ted it, having no Artillery with him; yet his men went on against 100 Pie- Pollard Go-
ces ready mounted, 'which being but once difcharged against them, they got vernour.
under them, and quickly turned them again!t the Town, which they prefent-
ly mastered, together with the Caftle which commanded the River. There
were two other great Forts, wherein were 34 pieces of Ordnance, that flood
a mile from the Town; who beat a Parley, but in the hurry and noife could sir Henry
not be heard at laft one of them, in which was Sir Henry Cary, had Condi- Cary bath con-
tions to march away, he and his Officers with Arms; but the Governour, the ditions to
Earl of Newport, Colonel Seymor, and Mr. Denham, in the other, could gain ernour and
no other Conditions but Quarter. Here the General practifed a civil Strata- the Earl of
gem, giving all the Cornish men their liberty, and two fhillings a man to carry Newport have
them home; they being the onely ftanding, as they had been conftant, ene- quarter given.
my to the Parliament. The General went on board Vice- Admiral Batten,
who blocked the place up by Sea, and was nobly treated.
march, the Ge-
Torrington
From thence the Parliament-Army marched to Totnes, and fo back again
to the Siege at Exeter; but were from thence diverted again by another acti-
on for news came that the Prince was fully refolved to attempt fomething in
relief of that City, and to that purpoſe had made up his Army neer 10000
ftrong, having muftered and affembled a great many of the Cornish at Laun-
cefton, and were come as far as Torrington; and Letters were intercepted from
the Lord Wentworth to Sir John Berkley the Governour, encouraging him fight.
with expectation of Relief. Onthe 15 of February, the Parliaments Army
rendezvouſed within two miles of Torrington, where the Lord Hopton conti-
nued; and an eye was kept by Colonel Cook, who for that purpoſe lay about
Barnstable, that they fhould not break through. On the 16 of February, the
Army marched, and by five in the evening drew up their Van in the Park,
and Forlorns were fent out, betwixt Torrington and Mr. Roll's houfe, to line
Hedges, to make good the retreat of the Horfe. The Lord Hopton likewife drew
out of the Town, four or five Clofes off, and lined the Hedges within a Cloſe
of the enemy, and flankt his Foot with Horfe; whereupon the Enemy fent
good Referves, left by the advantage of the ground they might be encom-
paffed. Towards night the Lord Hopton drew off from fome of the Clofes
he formerly poffeffed; which the enemy entred, and made a halt, intending
not to venture upon the Town, barricadoed, and ſuch a ſtrength within it, in
the dark but hearing a noiſe in the Town, as if the Royalifts were retreating,
and being loth that they fhould go off without fome tafte of their old Fortune
and Succefs, the Parliamentarians fent a party of Dragoons to fire on the
enemy neer the Hedges and Barricadoes, and withal to get fome intelligence
et
94
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
of the eſtate of the Royalifts in the Town. This being accordingly attempt-
ed, the Dragoons were answered with a round Volley of Shot; thereupon
their Forlorn Hope. of Foot went and engaged themſelves to bring off the
Dragoons; and the Referve fell on to bring off their Forlorn. The Royaliſts
alfo drew out Supplies and Seconds, and reinforced the Hedges, ftanding as
before. Both Armies far engaged, the Parliamentarians manifefting a refo-
lution to go on for all their difadvantage of the night, it came at laft to a flain
Fight, the Regiments fucceffively falling on; which continued a hot fervice for
two hours, till at laft the Royalifts were beaten from their aforefaid Hedges, and
up to their Barricadoes, where they again difputed it, manfully maintaining
them at puſh of Pike, and with the But-end of their Mufquets; and then by
command drew off, and gave the Fairfaxians entrance; where the Foot firft
entred, and then the Horfe, who there joyntly charged the enemy drawn up
in the Town; the Lord Hopton commanding the Rear to make their retreat
good; in which action he had his Horfe fhot dead under him. Here the Par-
liament-foot were forced back again to the Barricadoes, where Colonel Ham-
mond oppoſed himſelf, and by the affiftance and timely fupply of Major Ste-
it is taken by phens, beat Horfe and Foot into the Town again, from whence the Foot
the Parliament. marched away, but the Horfe made feveral ftands, and charged in at feveral
Avenues of the Town, and at the Barricadoes which themfelves had deferted.
In fine, all their Horfe marched over a Bridge, and at feveral other paffes of
the River, and fo Weftward; the Parliamentarians not adventuring to purſue
them, but contented themſelves with thoſe Priſoners whom they took in the
Town, being diſordered and divided from their Body by the darkneſs of the
night; who being put into the Church, where the Lord Hoptons Magazine of
80 Barrels of Powder was kept, and there guarded by fome of the Parlia-
ments Forces; the faid Powder either cafually or by defign was fired, the
Church blown into the Air, thofe Prifoners and the Guard killed, and the
the guard kil- whole Army all over the Town endangered by the ftones, timber, and lead,
which with the blaft were carried up very high, and fcattered throughout, and
beyond the Town; fo that neer as much mifcheif was done by this Powder,
as by the Powder and Bullet together in the Fight, fcarce a ftone being left
ftanding of the Church, which fince is raiſed from its ruines.
80 barrels of
Powder fired
in a Church,
led, the Army
and Town
endangered.
ken.
The Royaliſts fought refolutely here, the Cornish not forgetting the reputa-
tion they had formerly got during the War: For here were not taken in all
above 400 Prifoners, the chief whereof were Lieutenant-Colonel Wood, eight
Captains, Commiffary Boney, fig Lieutenants, one Cornet, three Enfignes,
one Chyrurgion, four Serjeants, fifty two Troopers, one hundred twenty feven
Gentlemen, and about 150 common Souldiers, and fix Colours. The flain
were Major Threave and Captain Fry, the Lords Hopton and Capel wounded, and
the Lord Hopton's Commiffion to be General under the Prince, and 500 pounds
in money left in Portmantles, came alfo to the lands of the Victors.
Lord Hopton
Lord Ca.
and
pel wounded.
Lord Hoptons The Lord Hopton after this Encounter made back into Cornwal, where he
Commiſſion ta rendezvouzed his Army again; whither the Princes Regiment of eight hun-
dred Horſe, and fome other additional Cavalry of the County, not before joy-
ned with them, came in, and fo made up a new entire Body of five thousand
Horſe, able to give Battel again to their enemy, on convenient Champion
ground, or at least in ſuch a condition as to make their own terms. And the poli-
of the Lord Hopton was as eminent as his valour in the late fervice, having
thereby given a fair earneſt for a Victory; and made them confider of his For-
ces, if reduced to a neceffity of fighting, as of couragious brave fpirits, to
whom Fortune could not but be obliged to a favourable afpect; and her leaft
inconftancy would undo the Fairfaxians.
Lord Hopton
avaliant and
difcreet Soul-
dier.
Shelford-house
Stormed and ta
ken,
cy
We will now draw off from thofe main Bodies, this whole Winter in the
field, and return to the Garriſons, who thick and threefold rendred them-
felves to the Parliament: We will begin with Shelford-houfe, where Colonel
Stanbop, akin to the Earl of Chesterfield, was Governour; which after Summons
refuſed
...
1645.
95
England, Scotland and Ireland.
refuſed, was ſtormed by Major-General Poyntz, who put all to the Sword they by Maj. Gen.
met with: fome Gentlemen getting within a Seiling till the fury was over, Poyntz. Col.
found quarter; the Governour nimfelf was killed in the defence after the Houſe
was entred, and the Houfe demolished.
Stanhop the
Governour
thereof killed,
On the 4 of December, the magnanimous Countess of Derby, who had endu- and the boufe
red a Siege off and on for two years laft paft, rendred Latham-houfe to the demolished.
The Counteẞ of
Parliament upon very fair terms; the Governour, Officers, and Souldiers to Derby furren
march out either to the Garrifon of Tidbury, or Ashby de la zouch. In this ders Latham-
Siege I may not omit one Military neat Stratagem: The befiegers at dinner- houſe.
time were jearing the Garriſon with Shoulders of mutton and freſh-meat they A neat Strata-
fhewed them: whereupon a Captain fallied out, took both the guefts and the gem.
provifion, and two Colours, and brought them into the Houfe, Whereupon
the Affaylants took the Alarm, both great and ſmall Guns playing on both
fides. This continuing for a while, the Captain cauſed the Colours he had
taken to be fet on the Works backward from the Poft where he had furprized
them; which they of that quarter feeing, and imagining their men on the
other fide had entred the Houfe, and erected their Enfigns, they fell on with-
out fear or wit, and were preſently cut down in heaps, and beaten to their Bolton-caftle
Trenches. Bolton-Caftle, and Beefton-Caftle in Lancashire, were likewife de- caftle deliver
livered to the Parliament; and Hereford-City furprized by another Stratagem, ed.
the manner thus..
and Beefton-
December 18.
The Garriſon was ftrong and well appointed, the inlet alfo for the Kings Hereford ta-
Welch Forces, and therefore much aimed at ; and to that parpofe intelligence ken by Surprise,
had been held by fome within, from Colonel Birch and Colonel Morgan Gover-
nour of Gloucefter; but their greedy and impatient defire of the prefent pof-
feffion, abrupted all thofe practices, and put them upon an honeſter and fafer way:
With 2000 Horfe and Foot they came from Gloucester in one day and night,
where they had provided fix men in Country-habits, with a feventh like a
Conſtable (in purfuance of Warrants directed the day before to the adjacent
Villages, for fome Labourers to be fent in to break the Ice in the Trenches,
and fuch other work) by morning to prefent themſelves at the Gates; and
as feconds to them, were placed 150 Firelocks, which in the covert of the night
were lodged as neer as poflible out of diſcovery; and next them, a Body of
men ready at hand to fucceed in the attempt, and enter with them. According-
ly the ftratagem took effect; the Draw-bridge was let down to the Conſtable
and his crew, with their Pickaxes and Spades; which they no fooner poffel-
fed, but the Guard began to ſuſpect, and make ſome refiftance; but the Reſerves
powring in upon them, after three of them were killed, the Town was entred,
first by Colonel Birch and his Firelocks, and then by Morgan: The Garrifon
amazed, prefently fubmitted, and yeilded themfelves Frifoners; the chief where-
of were the Lord Brudenel, fourteen Knights, Judge Jenkins, (of whom more Lord Brude
hereafter) four Lieutenant-Colonels, five Caprains, Officers and Gentlemen nel, fourteen
neer a hundred more, befides eleven Pieces of Ordnance mounted, with Pro-Knights, and
vifion futable to the ftrength and quality of the place. This lofs was very taken Prifo-
Fudge Jenkins
much regretted by the Royalifts, who now perceived that Fortunes right and ners.
left hand, Valour and Policy, were lifted up against them.
The next place of importance which followed the fate of the Kings de- Weſtcheſter
clination, was the City of Chefter, which had been long befieged, and thrice taken.
attempted to be relieved; and ftill rendred worfe, by the lofs and flaughter of Brereton Com
Sir William
their friends that came to its reſcue, as we have ſaid before. Sir William Brere- mander for the
ton now commanded in chief, as Major-General of thofe Counties; who civil- Parliament.
ly courted the Lord Byron the Governour to a Surrender, laying before him
the impoffibility of any Army or Forces that could be advanced that way, for
that the King was befet in all his Garrifons, either by clofe or open Sieges:
which at laſt the Noble Lord hearkned unto, and upon very honourable Con-
ditions, Surrendred it by Articles, the 3 of February. And thence Sir William Chefter.
went to befiege Litchfield-clofe, which not long after he gayned by the fame
Lord Byron
Surrenders
way
96
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Court of
wards Voted
down.
The Kings For
ces under Sir
Jacob Ashley
defeated at
Stow in the
12.
way of Treaty, as will appear in its due place. Several other places of lef
fer concernment without much parley furrendred likewiſe, ſuſpected of bribery
or fuch-like practifes, which were finely palliated by the neceffity that compelled
the greater to their rendition.
The Houſe now upon diſcharging the Wardſhip of the heirs male of Sir
Christopher Wray, a Member of the faid Houſe, take an occafion to Vote down
the Court of Wards and Liveries.
All the Kings ftrength in the field, except that Army that was pen'd up in
Cornwal, was now collected under the Command of the Lord bley, who
was marching to joyn his Infantry with the Kings remains of his Cavalry
about Farringdon, whereabouts Colonel Rainsborough and Fleetwood kept their
Would, March Poft, having an eye upon that defign of conjunction; and Colonel Morgan
and Sir William Brereton purſued him in the Rear, from Hereford and Worcester-
fhire. At Stow in the Would, they overtook and fet upon him, wearied in
his Quarters; but his men were yet not willing to refigne their ſwords, till
after a fair difpute they were over-powred, 1500 taken Priſoners, with him-
felf, and all his Baggage and Ammunition. This was the laft battel that
was fought bac vice for the King in England, and which put a period to any
further attempts in the field; the Royalifts being forced to take up in their
ftrong Holds, or fubmit to the Parliament, and endeavour a Compoſition;
which was the main work, but too hattily entred upon, as their own fad expe-
rience foon informed them.
Sir Jacob
Afhley taken
Prifoner.
Lord Hopton
disbands.
And juſt before this, the 14 of March, the Lord Hopton accepted of Terms
for the disbanding of his Army, which was in this manner. After this worlt-
ing at Torrington, and marching back into Cornwal, General Fairfax followed
him within two days to Launceston, (where Colonel Baffet with 500 men at
firſt made oppoſition, but was compelled to abandon it, as likewife Saltash
was quitted, and Mount Edgecomb offered a, Treaty) and not far from thence
Sir James Smith with a ftrong party fell upon fome of the Van of their Army
Sir James
Smith falls on with good fuccefs; but having notice of Cromwels approach, timely withdrew,
a party of Par- and gave them liberty to poffels Bodmin, while the Lord Hopton made his head-
liamentarians, Quarters at Truro: from whence the Prince embarqued, and fet Sail for the
with fucceß.
The Prince and liland of Scilly, with the Lord Culpeper and others: which occafioned Ge-
Lord Culpeper neral Fairfax to complement the Lord Hopton to a disbanding, as reckoning
fet fail for Scil- them, by the Princes forfaking them, as good as loft. Among other terms
ly.
offered him, this to his particular felf, as being honour from the mouth of an
enemy, is requifite to be inferted.
Lord Hopton
complemented
Lafily, for your felf, befides what is imployed to you in common with others,
by the Parlia- you may be affured of fuch Meditation to the Parliament on your behalf, both from
ment General. my felf and others, as for one whom for personal worth and many vertues, but ef-
pecially for your care of, and moderation towards the Country, we honour and e-
Steem above-any other of your party; whoſe error (Suppofing you more swayed with
principles of Honour and Confcience) we most pity, and whoſe happineß, ſo far
as is confiftant with the publique welfare, we should delight in, more than in your
leaft Suffering.
In the mean while the Army advanced, and neer St. Columbe. beat up the
The Parliament Quarters of the Princes Regiment, who made a 'gallant Charge through the
Army beat up
the Princes enemy, and broke their firft divifions; but fresh fupplies coming, they drew
quarters, neer off in order, leaving behind them Major-General Pert, a gallant perfon, mor-
St. Columbe. tally wounded, a Priſoner; but fo rebated the edge of the enemies courage,
Major-General that they halted a while, and part of the Army drew back to Bodmin, more
Pert, a gallantrefolved for Treaty than Conqueft: To which place came the Lord Hopton's
mortally woun- answer, wherein he pretended his understanding of a likelyhood of agreement
between the King his Mafter and the Parliament, which he faid without
other Treaty would conclude him, and defired to be referred thereto: but
Fairfax urging this Overture to his advantage, would allow of no fuch de-
lays; but his Terms he offered being honourable, was all he could grant; ac-
Commander,
ded.
any
quainting
1645.
97
England, Scotland and Ireland.
quainting his Lordship that there was no fuch probability of Accommodation
(and indeed his Lordfhip was greatly mistaken, for there was never any fuch in-
tention before nor after) and delays were dangerous, in reſpect of affiſtance
both from the French and Irish, which had been promifed to be landed for the
Kings fervice in that County.
Hereupon the Army alſo advancing, a Treaty was concluded on at Trefilian- A Treaty con-
bridge, and a Ceffation agreed to; and the General thereupon, though with cluded on at
much reluctancy of the Lord Hopton, made Truro his Head-quarters; fo that Trefilian-
now the Kings Forces had but fix miles in bredth, being as it were pounded fation agreed
bridge: a cel-
up, as Effex before. The conclufion of the Treaty was followed by the ren- on.
dition of St. Mawes Caftle.
•
The number of the disbanded was nine Brigades; the French confifting of Nine Brigades
three Regiments, the Lord Wentworth's of four, Sir James Smith's of three, disbanded.
the Lord Cleveland's of four, Major-General Web's of three, the Lord Hopton's
commanded by Colonel Bevil, the Lord Goring's of five, and the Princes Regi-
ment confitting of feven hundred, and Sir Richard Greenvil's Reforma-
does.
The Conditions were, That they ſhould march away with Horfe and Arms, The Conditions
in number according to their reſpective qualities more or lefs, as they fhould of their dis-
chufe to go abroad to Foreign Service, or with Paffes to go home: each Co- banding.
lonel with eight or fix horfes, fix or two pair of Piftols; and fo other inferior
Officers respectively; the common Troopers to have twenty fhillings a man
for their Horſes; which, upon ratifying the Agreement being noited, many
of the Royalists fold their horfes before-hand, and got ſpittle-Jades in their
ftead, which upon their disbanding were turned upon their hand. The Lord
Hopton was allowed fourty Horfe and Arms for himſelf and twelve men;
the Lord Wentworth twenty five Horfe and Arms for himself and eight
men.
Theſe were the moft material, and in fix days performed. All the French They take ship
were preſently ſhipped for their Country, by provifion made by the General at ping at Ply-
Plymouth, whither he went accompanied by Lieutenant-General Cromwel, be- mouth.
ing welcomed by the difcharge of 300 Pieces of Ordnance, while the Army
retreated back into Devon-ſhire, to make an end of the Siege of Exceter, where
Sir Hardreß Waller had continued during this Cornish Expedition; and the
Lords Hopton and Wentworth, not deigning the Jurifdiction, or indeed any Lord Hopton
favour from their fellow-fubjects at Westminster, who Lorded it at a brave rate, and Went-
gallantly waived and declined any advantage (but what was Military) in the worth/ail ix-
Articles, and Sailed after the Prince into Scilly.
to Scilly.
tempted by Sir
About this time a refolute Attempt was made upon Abingdon, where Ma. Abingdon at-
jor-General Brown was Governour (as before) then abfent in London, by a Stephen Haw
ftrong party under the command of Sir Stephen Hawkins from Oxford: The kins.
Foot had gained the Works, and had entred the Town as far as the Market-
place; but fome refiftance being there made, and the Horfe-guard taking the
Alarm by the appearance of Major Blundel, who deſperately charged, they
were by Force driven out again; no Horfe, but onely three Gentlemen of
Christ-Church Oxon, clambering over to affift them; the Pioneers and their Ashby de-la-
inftruments being fo far behind in the Rear, that they could not timely ad- zouch furreu-
vance to make a breach for the Cavalry to enter and ſo that noble defign, not dred to the
without fufpition of treachery, was fruftrated. Abby de-la-zouch, the maiden- Parliament by
Garriſon, that was never before Befieged during the War, was now rendred by Loughbo-
the Lord Loughborough, (whofe Government it was) upon honourable terms rough.
to the Parliament.
And ſo we have finiſhed this unfortunate year, which with its period and e-
volution may be faid to have concluded the Government; Monarchy being bea-
ten out of the field and out of doors together; the Enemies thereof having
nothing more of hazard to do, but to encounter its Authority at the Bar with
Pleas, not in Battalia with puſh of pike; and fo the main of the Interregnum
between
P
the Lord
{
!
98
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
between that and the Kings death, was (pent in contrivances, defigns and new
models of I know not what, whereof (after the reduction of fome other
places in the beginning of the year 1646, which languiſhed in a Conſumption
till May, the Critical month for that diſeaſe) there will be unwelcome occafion
for this Chronicle next to difcourfe.
Anno Dom. 1646.
Caffle (urren- Dennington-Caftle leads the dance; and though it had withſtood the many
attempts made by the enemy, could not now refift its Fate,
dred (Mar. 25.
1646.) to the nor the cafie Summons of a Brigade of the Victor-Army; but deſpairing of
Parliament, Relief, and fo of honourable Terms, if they ſhould ſtand to their ufual extre-
mity, fubmitted: But out of revenge for the flaughter and diſappointment
the Parliament had ſuffered under its walls, by the refolution of the Governour,
he upon his return to his own houfe according to Articles, was not withſtand-
ing, contrary thereunto, fued and impleaded for ſeveral demolitions by firing
of the out-houſes, for the ſtrength and fecurity of the Caftle; and by the neigh-
bours for damages. And to palliate this breach the better, they made an Ordi-
nance, being cock-fure of a plenary Conqueft, That all Articles of Surrenders
Should infert the damages by wilful firing; which as it was moft unjuft, fo was
it as uncivil and baſe, and befitting none but tumultuary, head-ſtrong, and un-
difciplined enemies. And for the fuller fatisfaction of their fpleen and aduft
choler againſt this Fortress, they themſelves, not thinking of any reckoning,
and demolished. laid the goodly Fabrick in afhes; made yet more notable by its loyal ruines, than
it could have been if ftanding.
Ruthen-caftle
Then followed the Rendition of Ruthen-Castle in Wales to Colonel Mitton,
delivered to the (whither fome of the refidue of the divided Forces under Sir William Vaughan
Parliament by
Sir William had betaken themſelves) upon leſs equal-Conditions than the main Army of-
Vaughan. fered to any place whatſoever.
Then was Corf-Caſtle in Dorſetſhire taken without any offer of Terms, by vio-
April 8.
Corf-Caftle ta- lence and policy mixt together; and to make thoſe Surrenders a Pair-royal,
ken.
Exeter was added, whither Fairfax was come, and on the 31 of March drew
all his Army round the City within Muſquet-ſhot, having made Bridges over
Exeter-City
delivered, Apr.
the River, and then fent in another Summons, which refolved into a Trea-
3. to the Lord ty. Sir John Berkley the Governour fent out the names of his Commiffioners to
Fairfax, by the treat, which at firft were ten; but Fairfax for expedition defiring a lefs num-
Governour Sir ber, eight were confented to, and fix of his: viz. for Exeter; Sir Henry Bark-
by a Treaty be- ley, Sir George Cary, Colonel Ashburnham, Colonel Godolphin, Captain Fitz-
tween commif- Gerald, Mr. John Weare, Mr. Robert Walker, and Mr. Thomas Knight. For
fioners on both the Parliaments Army; Colonel Hammond Lieutenant-General of the Ord-
fides.
The Conditions.
nance, Colonel Sir Hardreß Waller, Colonel Edward Harley (now a Confident,
fhortly after a Reprobate of the Army) Colonel Lambert, Commiffary-Gene-
ral Stane, and Major Watſon Scoutmaſter-General: By whom, after five days
debate, it was agreed as followeth :
1
That the City Should be rendred to General Fairfax on Monday the 13th of
April, with all the Stores, &c. The Princess Henrietta to depart any where with
her Governess, in England and Wales, until His Majefty fhould give order for her
difpofal. The Cathedral nor Churches to be defaced. That the Garrison shall
march out according to the most honourable cuſtom of War, and to have free quarter
all the way, and not to be compelled to march above ten miles a day, and with their
Arms, to the places agreed upon for their laying them down. The Compofition of
perfons of quality shall not exceed two years purchase. That all perfons comprised
within thefe Articles, ſhall quietly and and peaceably enjoy all their goods, debts
and moveables, during the face of four moneths next enfuing: And be free from
all
1646.
99
England, Scotland and Ireland.
all Oaths, Covenants and Proteftations, and have liberty within the faid time of
four moneths, in cafe they shall not make their Compofition with the Parliament,
and fhall be refolved to go beyond Sea (for which they shall have Paffes ) to dif
poſe of their faid goods, debis, and moveables, allowed by thefe Articles:
Theſe were the chief Articles, though there were a great many more; very
honourable all of them, as it was the humour or elfe policy of the Army to
grant them, and ferved as the original Draught for other places. In thefe
Articles Sir John Stawel was included, who for his conftant avowance of thofe sir John
Immunities in thefe Articles from Oaths, &c. was moft difhonourably and fa- Stawel inclu
vagely uſed; infomuch that the Faith of the Army, with their disloyal and ded in the Ar-
perfidious actions towards the King, appeared at the fame time alike villanous. ticles.
and tyrannical.
After the Articles were figned, which was the ninth, the General would The General
not lose fo much time as to ftay till Munday the thirteenth, the time of their marcheth to
Rendition; but though the weather was unfeaſonable, marched away to Ti- Tiverton,
verton, and fo to form a Siege at Barnstable, which concluded upon the fame
Terms with Exeter and then Dunstar-Caftle, who embraced the fame Condi-
tions; of which anon.
and towards
Oxford.
The Weft being cleared, Pendennis-Caſtle onely excepted, General Fairfax on
the 18th of April began his march towards Oxford, it being thẹn rumoured
that the King in the perplexity of his affairs would eſcape thence; but whither,
it could not be ſo much as conjectured. In his way thither, faith one of their own
* Hiftorians, fo many Complaints were made to him of outrages and barba- *Anglia Redi-
rifms done in contravention of the Articles both of Cornwal and Exeter, by viva.
the Committee-Troops, (forfooth) that if they were particularly related,
would make fuch a Volume as would fcarce be imagined.
In the interim of this March, Colonel Rainsborough, who had beleaguered woodstock
Wood-stock, and attempted it by ſtorm with very great loſs, it being manfully furrendred
defended, and as well fortified, had it at laft Surrendred to him upon fuch (April 26) to
Articles as manifefted the Governours worth and honcur in the acknowledg- borough for
ments thereby given him from his Enemies.
Colonel Rainf-
the Parliament.
The King foreſeeing that Oxford was the next place which they defigned, TheKing leaves
not to make his own Court his Prifon, what ever fhould be done by his Ene- Oxford, April.
mies, if it fhould pleaſe God to reduce him to that diſtreſs, refolved to with- 27.
draw himfelf in time to the Scotch Army, who (as was reported and ge-
nerally believed) had given him ſome aſſurance, that not onely his Majesty, but
all others, that adhered to him, should be fafe in their perfons, honours and con-
Sciences in their Army; yet not to lay more upon them, having fo much alrea-
dy, I can hardly credit it. The manner of the traverfe of the King is thus
related: He went out of Oxford, as Colonel Rainsborough informed the Par-
liament (who no doubt were well acquainted with it before, for they had
no other means to be rid of the Kings inftances for Peace (of which hereaf-
ter together) that continually founded in their ears fo neer hand, than to
have him removed from fo neer a convenience of perfonal accommodation )
in the diſguiſe of a fervant to Colonel Job Afhburnham, who was accompa
nied with one Mr. Hudſon a Minifter, who for his fingular Loyalty and fideli-
ty was intruſted in the menage of that affair, and for which he deferves a beté
ter temarque, than this Chronicle can contribute or ſet upon him; lofing his
life afterwards in the fame Caufe, in 1648, in the Commotions of that unfor-
tunate year.
year. By his Examination upon this bufinefs, it appeared that the
King came first to Henly, then to Brainford, and fo neer London, removed back
to Harrow on the hill, there being a general Training of the City-Forces in
Hide-Park, whither the King was expected to come, General Eſſex being
then in the field, and his Majefty almoft perfwaded to venture himſelf into their
hands; but other Counfels prevailing, he departed to St. Albans, and thence
to Harborough in Leicestershire, where he expected the French Agent with fome
Horfe
P 2
100
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The King dif-
guifed comes to
the Scotch Ar-
my, May 4.
Horfe to meet him, and conduct him to the Scots: but he mfling, the
King went (yet uncertain and irrefolute what to do) to Stamford in Lincoln-
hire, and thence to Downham in Norfolk, from whence the examinant was fent
to the Agent, and upon his return, they three paffed into the Scotch Army,
where for the prefent we fhall leave him with this account of it from the Ge-
neral of that Army to the Parliament at London, which imported thus
much.
That out of a defire to keep a right underſtanding between the two King-
domes, he acquainted them with a strange providence with which his Army was
Surprized, together with their carriage and defires thereupon: That the
King came the 4 of May, in fo private a manner, that after they had made
Some Search for him, upon the furmifes of perfons who pretended to know his face,
yet they could not find him out in fundry houses. Trusting to our integrity, we
are fo far perfwaded that none will fo far mifconfter us, as to make use of this feeming
advantage, for promoting any other ends than are expreffed in the Covenant
We do ingenuously declare, that there bath been no Treaty nor Capitulation be-
twixt bis Majesty and us, nor in our names; leaving the ways and means of Peace
unto the Parliament of both Kingdomes. And with fuch twilight of language
concluded.
This was the happieft oportunity that ever offered it ſelf, to do honour to
the Scotch Nation, who had the Peace of three Kingdomes, but their own
particular glory, at their fole Arbitrement; and how miferably they abuſed this
advantage, and how they debauched their duty to their Prince, and their re-
putation to the World, we will not defcant upon, fince the Parliament of Scot
land, in the year 1661, have ſo paffionately proteſted againſt the conduct of
this buſineſs, and have exempted from pardon whomfoever fhall afterwards
be found guilty of this moft bafe and difloyal ufage of the King; of which in
its time.
Before this adventure, which the King would have avoided, if the infolence
of the prevailing Houles at Westminster could have been by any means rebated,
his Majelty had courted the Parliament to a Peace by ſeveral Letters and Meſ-
The King rei fages from Oxford; the abſtracts whereof it will not be tedious to recite. The
terated Meſa- first of them was ſoon after the aforesaid overture from the Prince by the Lord Fair-
ges for peace: tax, and was onely to defire a Paß or Safe-conduct for the Duke of Richmond,
the first, Dec.5. the Earl of Southampton, John Alhburnham and Jeffery Palmer Efquires, for
their journey and continuance at Weftminster, being furnished with fuch Propofi
tions as his Majefty was confident would be the foundation of an happy Peace.
The Parlia
To this Addreß, if I may fo term it, though the Houses thought leffer of it, as
ments answer. appears by their Answer, they retort, That had his Majefties intentions been the
fame with his pretences and expreffions, a happy Peace had been fettled long
fince: That they cannot agree to his defires, as to the coming of thofe Lords
and Gentlemen into their Onarters, in regard the defigne (for Peace) may
be of dangerous confequence: That they are in debate of Propofitions, which
they will draw up, and fend to be figned by way of Bill, by his Majefty. This
was, in December 1645. The Reader will excufe this retrofpection, becauſe
we will repeat this tranfaction in its own feries.
ber, 1645.
} 1
To this the King ten days after replies with more quickening Language,
Meffage of the
15 of Decem- That his Majefty cannot but extremely wonder, that after so many expreſſions on
their part, of a deep and ſeeming fence of the miſeries of this afflicted Kingdom, and
of the dangers incident to his perſon, during the continuance of these unnatural
Wars, their many, great, and fo often-repeated Proteftations, that the raifing of
thefe Arms hath been onely for the defence of Gods true Religion, bis Majesties
bonoura
·1646.
101
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ſo
honour, Safety, and profperity, the peace, comfort and fecurity of his people; they
Should delay a Safe-conduct to the perfons mentioned in bis Majesties Meffage of
the 5 of this inftant December, which are to be fent unto them with Propofitions
for a well-grounded Peace. A thing so far from having been denyed at any time by
his Majesty, whenfoever they have defired the fame, that he believes it hath been
feldome pratiifed among the most avowed and profeffed Enemies, much leß from
Subjects to their King. But his Majesty is reſolved that no diſcouragements what-
foever shall make him fail of his part in doing his utmost indeavours to put an end
to thefe Calamities, &c. And therefore doth once again defire a Safe-Con-
duct.
1
This would not do neither, the King therefore aggreffeth them anothe way, Message of the
and offers a perfonal Treaty ten days after. His Majefty laying afide all expoftulati- 15 of Decem
ens, as rather lofing time, than contributing any remedy to the evils, will not complain for a Personal
of their neglect of him, and delays of Answer, but sends theſe Propofitions this Treaty-
way, which he intended by the forementioned perfons. For conceiving that the for-
mer Treaties hitherto proved ineffectual, chiefly for want of power in thoſe perſons
that treated, as likewife because those from whom their power was derived (not
poffibly having the particular information of every feveral debate) could not
give fo clear a judgment as was requifite in fo important a bufineß; his Majesty there-
fure defires that he may have the engagement of the two Houses at Weftminster,
the Commiffioners of the Parliament of Scotland, the Mayor, Aldermen and Com-
mon-Council and Militia of London, of the chief Commanders in Sir Thomas
Fairfax bis Army, for his Majefties free and fafe coming to, and abode in London
or Weltminster, with fuch of his Servants and Train, not exceeding the number
of three hundred, for the face of forty days; and after the fame time, for his free
and ſafe repair to any of his Garrisons, Oxford, Newark, Worcefter, &c. which
he shall appoint, there to have a Perfonal Treaty with his two Houses, to begin with
the three heads which were Treated on at Oxford. And for the better ingredience
and expedition thereto, will commit the great trust of the Militia for feven years into
the hands of a mixt number of his own and their party; and calls God to witness of
his fincere intentions to Peace, and adjures them likewife to the fame.
t↓
To this he is inftant with them for an answer; and for the facilitating of Another to the
the way to a Treaty, and their better inducement, without any expoftulation, fame purpose,
which he ſays he purpoſely forbears, he adds now more particularly, and to
Decemb 29.
the reſpective interefts, That upon his repair to Weſtminſter, he doubts not but ſp
to joyn his indeavours with his two Houses of Parliament, as to give just fatisfaction
not onely concerning the business of Ireland, but also for the fetling a way for the pay-
ment of publique debts, as well to the Scots, as to the City of London and others:
and refumes his defire afresh for a Perfonal Treaty, and that they would accept of his
former offers.
*
tion.
But the House of Commons refolved to keep to their firſt Anfwer, not to Royaliſts expel-
treat, but to fend Propofitions; the main whereof was an abfolute avoydance ed the Lines of
of the Kings conceffion as to the Militia, which they would have folely vefted Communica
in themfelves, and no other. And to give colour, to this unreasonable fifnefs,
and to obſtruct a Perſonal Treaty, they Vote how great danger there is already
to the Parliament and City, in the refort of fo many Cavaliers to London; and
thereupon an Ordinance is made anew, fetling the Militia thereof, and re-
quiring them to provide for the fafety of the City and to fearch for Delinquents,
and to expel them the Lines of Communication: and then on the 14 of Ja
nuary returned his Majeſty this Anſwer.
,、
J
They repeated the innocent blood fpilt by his Majefties Command and Com- The Parlia-
million, Irith Rebels brought over, and more, with Forraign Forces, on, com- ments Anſwer
ing the Prince of Wales heading an Army in the Weft, and Garrifons kept January 14.
againït
102
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The King re-
plies, Jan. 15-
The Kings
Meſſage and
Answer of the
17 of January
to that of the
13.
<
againſt them, and Forces likewife in Arms for him in Scotland. That for that
reaſon, until ſatisfacton and ſecurity be given unto both Kingdoms, his com-
ing cannot be convenient; nor do they conceive it can be any way con-
ducing to Peace, that his Majefty fhould come to his Parliament for a few
days, with thoughts of leaving it, especially with intentions of returning to
Hoftility against it. And do note likewife, that his Majefty defires not onely
the engagement of the Parliament, but of the Lord Mayor, and the Officers
of the Army, and the Scotch Commiffioners; which is against the honour
and priviledges of Parliament, thoſe being joyned with them, who are ſubject
and fubordinate to their Authority.
They infift upon their Propofitions as the fafeft and fureft way to fettle Peace,
as well in England as in Scotland, of which Kingdom in his Letters he makes
no mention.
In proceeding according to thefe juft and neceffary grounds for the putting
an end to the bleeding calamities of theſe Nations, his Majefty fhall have the
glory to be the principal inftrument in fo happy a work, and they (however
mifinterpreted) fhall approve themſelves to God and man. But what?
Before this came to hand, the King ſends another Meffage, to know the rea-
fon of the detention of his Trumpet; and farther offers the free and publique uſe of
the Directory (as commanded by the Parliament, and then practifed in fome
parts of the City of London) to fuch as shall defire it; and teftifies to God and
the World, who they are that not only binder, but reject this Kingdoms future happis
neß; it being ſo much the ftranger, that his Majefties coming to Weltininfter, which
was the first and greatest pretence of taking up Arms, ſhould be so much as delayed,
much leẞ not accepted or refufed. But his Majesty hopes that God will no longer fuf-
fer the malice of wicked men to binder the Peace of his too much afflicted Kingdoms.
From Oxford, January 15.
In the mean while, fome Papers concerning the Kings Tranſactions about
a Peace in Ireland were publiſhed on purpoſe by the Parliament, to caſt a ſcru-
ple into the minds of men, as if while the King Treated, he meant a new War
by Ayds from thence; and fo to prejudice him in his peoples minds, who
began to murmur at the averfeneſs and delays of the Parliament: which news
coming to the Kings ears, he fends them a fringing and fharp Meffage, which
was the next day after he had received their Anfwer.
yet
His Majesty thinks not fit to Answer thofe afperfions which are returned as Argu
ments for his not admittance to Westminster to a Perfonal Treaty, because it would
enforce a ftile not futable to his end, being the peace of thefe miferable Kingdoms;
thus much he cannot but fay to Thofe that have fent him this Anfwer, That if
they had confidered what they had done themselves in occafioning the sheding of fo
much inocent blood,by 'withdrawing themselves from their duty to him,in a time when
be bad granted fo much to his Subjects; and in violating the known Laws of the
Kingdom, to draw an exorbitant power to themselves over their fellow-Subjects,
(to Say no more, to do as they have done) they could not have given fuch a falfe
Character of his Majefties Actions.
<
That his Majefty with impatient expectation requires their Anfwer to his defire
of a Perfonal Treaty, as the onely expedient. For certainly no rational man can
think their taft Paper can be an Answer to his former Demands, the scope of it
being, That becauſe there is a War, therefore there should be no Treaty for Peace.
And is it poffible to expect that the Propofitions mentioned should be the ground of
a lafting Peace, when the perfons that fend them will not endure to bear their
own King peak? But what ever his fucceß this way bath hitherto been, or bọw
Small his hopes, confidering the bigh strain of thoſe who deal with his Majesty,
•
yet
1646.
133
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
yet he will not want Fatherly Rowels to his Subjects, nor will be forget that God
bath appointed him for their King with whom he treats.
At His Court at Oxford,
January 17. 1645.
This was well refented by the Houfe of Peers; but the averfe Commons
wou'd hear them no more at their Conference than the Kings Meffages; where-
fore the King plies them again with a large Meffage, wherein he fhows the reafo
nableness and neceffity of his defires for a Treaty.
·
His Majesty being refolved not to defift (though his difcouragements be never His Majefties
So many and great) from his endeavours after Peace, till he fee it altogether im- Meſſage of the
poſſible, thinks fit to make this Anſwer to the Objections of his two Houſes in their 24th of Jan.
Answer of the thirteenth inftant, against his coming to Westminster; expecting still
a Reply to bis Meſſages of the fifteenth and the Seventeenth, which he hopes by
this time have begotten better thoughts and refolutions in the Members of both
Houses. And firt, as to the innocent blood fpilt, he will not dispute who was the
Author of it, but rather preſſeth there (hould be no more; it being no Argument
to fay, There shall be no fuch Perfonal Treaty, becauſe there have been Wars; it
being a strong inducement to have fuch a Treaty, to put an end to them. As to
the next Objection of the affistance he had from fome of his Iriſh Subje&s ; he faith,
they are Proteftants, who were formerly fent thither by the two Houses, and im-
poffibilitated to stay there longer, by the neglect of those who sent them thither,
who should have better provided for them. And that for Forraign Forces, their Ar-
mies have swarmed with them, when his Majesty had few or none. Thirdly, to
the Princes heading an Army in the Wet, that there are divers Garrisons yet
ftanding for him, and Forces likewife in Scotland; it must be as much confeffed,
that as yet there is no Peace, and therefore is this Treaty required. But his
Majefty defires it may be remembred how long fince he hath preſſed the disbanding
of all Forces; the refuſing whereof hath been the Cauſe of this Objection. As to
the time of fourty days limited for the Treaty, whereupon they infer that he would
again return to Hoftility; his Majesty protefteth the fincerity of thoſe reſolutions
he bringeth with him for Peace, which if they meet with the like inclinations from
them, will end all these unhappy blondy differences. To his requiring thofe engage-
ments of the City, &c. for his fecurity; whosoever will call to mind the particular
occafions that enforced his Majesty to leave his Cities of London and Wettmintter,
they will not think his demands unreasonable. But he no way conceiveth how
the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council, and Militia of London, were ei-
ther fubject or fubordinate to their Authority, there being neither Law nor practice
for it, and fo not to be parallel'd. That the breach of priviledge they mention,
is more likely to be infringed by hindering his Majesty from this Treaty. As for
Scotland, and their Religion, and fecuring the peace, his Majefty conceives it
was included in his former Meffages, particularly that of the fifteenth; but his fin-
cere meaning and endeavours are after it, as he now expreſſeth himſelf for their
better fatisfaction. Lastly, he faith, that there is but two ways of finally end-
ing theſe diſtractions, either by Treaty, or Conquest: The latter of which his
Majefty hopes none will have either the impudence or impiety to wiſh for:
and for the former, no better Expedient can be in the managing thereof, than
by his Perfonal affistance in it; before which no Propofitions can be effectual, which
will remove all unneceſſary delays, and make the greatest difficulties eafie. Where-
fore his Majesty, who is most concerned in the good of his people, doth again de-
fire a ſpeedy Anfwer.
Amidst theſe importunities, the King was not lefs follicitous and inftant at The King com-
the High Court of Heaven; having commanded a general Faft in Oxford, up- weekly Fast in
mands a general
on Fryday weekly, according to the laudable example of the Primitive Chri- Oxford.
ftians
104
Part I
A Chronicle of the-Civil Wars of
:
The Earl of ftians: in which devotions, another unhappy Cavil was raiſed against him, by
Glamorgan the intercepting or difcovering of his Commiffion to the Earl of Glamorgan,
in peached by
the Lord Digby, the Marquefs of Worcester's Son, impowering him to treat with the Irish for
and for a while which he was afterwards impeached by the Lord Digby, charged on fufpi-
impijoned. cion of high Treaſon, and impriſoned for a while; (but foon after fet at li-
berty) as having concluded a Peace against the Honour and Dignity of his
Majefty, and to his great fcandal with his English Subjects) of which faid
Tranfactions, to wipe off the imputation laid on him thereby, he gives this ac-
count to his two Houfes. And the words of this Prince are of fuch unqueftio-
nable credit and veracity, that this affair needs no other defence, which was
this, (having intermingled therewith, and fubjoyned his former defires for a
Perfonal Treaty.)
His Majeſties
Mag, Jan.
29.
1
3
His Majefty having received information from the Lord-Lieutenant and Council
in Ireland, that the Earl of Glamorgan bath without bis or their directions or
privity entred into a Treaty with Jome Commiffioners on the Romane Catholiqne
party there, and also agreed unto certain Articlès, highly derogatory to his Ma-
jefties honour and Royal dignity and prejudicial to the Protestant Religion there,
whereupon the Said Earl is arrested, &c. bath thought fit to give this relation
thereof, to hem how contrary it was to his Majesties intention and directions; the
Earls Commiffion being onely to raise Forces in that Kingdom, and to conduct them
into this, for his Majefties fervice, and not to treat about any thing elſe, much
lef.about Religion, or any propriety belonging to their Church or Laity. That
what the Earl did there, came to his knowledge meerly by accident; protesting, that
until the news of the faid Earls restraint, he had no notice of any Capitulation
with thofe Rebels, fo destructive to Church and State, and repugnant to his Maje-
fties publique profeffions: That therefore he is fo far from confidering any of thoſe
Articles framed as aforefaid, that he doth abfolutely diforon the faid Earl thereini
having given order to his Lieutenant there, the Marqueß of Ormond, to pro-
ceed against the faid Earl, as one who either out of faljeneß, preſumption, or folly,
bath hazarded the blemiſhing of his Majefties reputation of his own head, &c.
But true it is, that for the neceffary prefervation of his Majefties Proteftant Sub-
jects in Ireland, whofe cafe was dayly reprefented unto him to be defperate, his
Majesty had given a Commiſſion to his Lieutenant to treat and conclude fuch a Peace
there, as might be for the fafety of that Crown, &c. And yet if the Houfes will
admit of a perfonal Treaty with him at London, and will fend him a Paß or Safe-
Conduct for a Meſſenger to be fent immediately to Ireland, he will dispatch one thi-
ther to prevent any accident that may binder his Majefties Refolution of leaving
the Manage of the business of Ireland wholly to the two Houses; and will make
no Peace but with their confent.
And further, in order to this defired Perfonal Treaty, he offers the Militia
for seven years, with fuch limitations as were expreffed at Uxbridge the 6 of Fe-
bruary 1644, all Forces disbanded, and Garrisons dismantled, and then all
things to be in Statu quo. That the Houſes ſhall nominate the Admiral, Officers
of State, and Judges, to hold their places during life, or quamdiu fe bene gel-
ferint, which shall be best liked. And likewife liberty to Tender Consciences be-
having themſelves peaceably, with a general Act of Oblivion, in both his Parlia-
ments of both Kingdoms refpectievly. Thefe Conceffions extending likewife to
his native Realm of Scotland.
And now his Majesty baving fo fully and clearly expreffed bis intentions and de-
fires of making a happy and well-grounded Peace, if any person shall decline that
happiness by oppofing of fo apparent a way to attain it, he will fufficiently demon-
ftrate to all the World, his intention and defign can be no other, than the total
Subverfion and change of the ancient and happy Government of this Kingdom, un-
der which this Nation bath fo long flourished.
This was followed with two Meffages more; the firft of the 26 of February,
where
1646.
105
England, Scotland and Ireland.
.$
where he faith, that he needs make no excufe, though he fent no more Meffages
unto them, for be very will knows he ought not to do it, if he either ſtood upon pan-
Etilio's of honour, or his own private interest: but nothing being equally dear unto
him as the preſervation of his People, he paſſeth by many fcruples, neglects, and
delays, and once more defires a speedy Answer; which he provokes by a fecond Mef-
fage of the 3 of March, complayning of their unexpected filence, and offering up-
on the faith of both Houses for the prefervation of his honour, perfon, and estate,
and liberty given to all who adhered to him to go quietly to their houſes with-
out any minner of Sequestration, and not to be. compelled to take any Oath Save
what was warranted by the Laws of the Land, to disband bis Forces, and dif
mantle his Garrisons, and with no Martial but Royal attendance return to his
two Houfes, and there refide with them: And Concludes with a tender of an Act
of General Pardon and Oblivion.
Yet notwithſtanding all theſe forcible and reaſonable perſwaſions, and as
many obliging Careffes and Condeſcentions, with which never Subjects or Par-
liaments of England were fo treated, they continue inflexible, and rather the
worſe and more arrogant than at his firft overture: for they refolved to pro-
ceed in their own method, ſpending their ſpare time in wrangling and deba-
ting their most quarrelfome Propofitions; and on purpofe totally to obviate
and preclude the Kings defigne (if he ſhould fo refolve) of coming to London,
they throw theſe rubs in the way thither, by this Ordinance, in the firft
place.
:
That in cafe the King fhall, contrary to the advice of Parliament already given
him, come or attempt to come within the Lines of Communication, that then the
Committee of the Militia of the City of London fhall have Power, and are here- The Parliament
by enjoyned to raise fuch Forces as they shall think fit, to prevent any Tumult publiſh an Or-
that may arife by bis coming, and to Suppreß any that shall fo happen, and to dinance for the
apprehend and fecure any fuch as fhall come with him, and to fecure bis Perfon from Seizure of the
danger. That all perfons whatfoever, that have born Arms against the Parlia- Adherents.
King and his
ment, are to depart the City and Lines of Communication, by the 6 of April; or
to be taken for Spies, and proceeded against according to the Rules of War in
fuch cafes. This Order to continue for a month,and no longer.
by Com-
invite the
Prince
miffioners.
Which ſhewed it was a fudden Legiflative by-blow, made temporary, ac-
cording to their prefent apprehenfion, fear and occafion. And then to bear
the people in hand, and to ſeem to intend their fatisfaction, they promiſe to
diſpatch their Propofitions with all speed; and to make this fhew to appear
more real, as if they were about a Settlement, they refolve to vouchsafe to
give the Prince a like account of it, That Commiffioners shall forthwith be fent, they pretend to
&c. Which Letters and Cajole were turned afterwards into another deeper
fetch, or invitation (upon his Majefties going to the Scotch Army) of the
Prince to the Parliament; whom, it was fpread by the Faction, if the King
fhould by his complyance prevail upon the Scots to take upon them his Intereft,
they would fet up as a balance to his Majefties Authority, having the Scale of
indubitable Succeffion on their fide, againſt the quarrelled and perplexed poffef-
Hion of the Crown and the Perfon of the King on the Scots. But theſe were
but fudden emergent thoughts, pro re nata, and to be uſed onely if the Rebel-
lion came to fuch extremity. And here we may wonder, how through fo
many patches of policy, and the changes of defignes, one fingle ufurper at-
tained the compleat intire refult of fo many inconfiftent devices and practi-
ces.
The Prince de-
parting for
The Prince was then departing for France, when this follicitation was in-
tended; and we fhall fee how foon their mind changed.
Exeter being delivered while the General was before Barnstable with the France:
a
}
other
}
106
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Barnstable other part of the Army, that Town and Fort alfo rendred it felf upon Terms:
Surrendred
fo that now there was nothing left the King in the Weft, and very few places
April 7th.
elſewhere; the Garriſons that were yeilded this month, being no leſs than fix,
Ruthen-castle,
St. Michaels and thofe confiderable, viz. Ruthen-Caftle, Exeter, Barnstable, St. Michaels
Mount, and
Mount, Woodstock, and Dunſter-Caſtle, tu Major-General Mitton, the Gene-
Dunfter-ca- ral, Colonel Hammond, Colonel Rainsborough, and Colonel Blake: And this
Arch-Bishop of June alfo the Arch-Bishop of York declared himſelf for the Parliament, and
York declares maintained his Houſe for them at Purin in Wales. Dudly-Caftle, May the
for the Parlia- thirteenth, Surrendred by Colonel Levifon to Sir William Brereton.
Stle Surrendred.
Fort neer the
Town.
Sir Thomas
ford.
Carlile yield-
ed to the Scots
July 19,
1645, by Sir
Thomas
Glemham.
ment. Dudly-
General Fairfax having done here, marched now Eaft-ward, and on the
Castle furren-
dred.
19 of April came to Newbury, and advanced directly to Oxford, from whence
Sir Thomas the King (as before) eſcaped. Upon his approach, he fummoned a Council
Fairfax comes of War, to advife which way to proceed: by whom it was agreed, that con-
before Oxford: fidering the ftrength of the place, they ſhould make a Line and Starve them, for
be ſummons a
Council of war, that it would be very hazardous to attempt it by Storm; to which was ad-
raifeth a great ded another reaſon, pretence of their Civility, left by Batteries they ſhould de-
molish the Colledges, and deftroy the Library by their Shot and Granadoes.
preceding the affault. To this purpoſe a regular Circumvallation was finiſh-.
ed, and a great Fort raiſed upon Hedington-hill, within half a mile and lefs of
the City (Eaſtward thereof) and a Battery likewife; but to little effect. Sir
Glemham Go- Thomas Glembam was Governour, who to his everlaſting Honour had fo well
vernour of Ox- defended York, and made very honourable Conditions; but, to the wonder
of Valour and Gallantry, had defended the City of Carlile againſt the Scots,
(which was forgot to be mentioned in its place, other Actions crowding it
out) for nine moneths, and upward, againſt Sickneſs, Famine, and War,
having eaten things moſt reluctant to nature; till the Kings affairs 1645, being
defperate, he accepted of no less honourable ( than his York) Conditions, and
was now deſervedly, and as the onely fit perfon, intrufted with this chief
Bulwark and Fortress of Loyalty. By him many additions were made, to
render it impregnable; one moft dangerous to the enemy was, that he had
cauſed the ground before the Trenches to be broke and digged into pits, where-
in he had driven ſtakes; ſo that it was neither ſafe for Horfe nor man, if they
fhould attempt to form, to approach the Works. But all this ftrength avail-
ed not againſt the Fate upon the Kings Caufe: befides that there was fome
Diviſion among the Nobles at Court, to whom the King had left a power of
Treating with the Enemy, infomuch that after a Summons, the Governour by
the advice of the Lords condefcended to a Treaty, which was managed at Mar-
Gon at Mr. Crooks Houfe, by Commiffioners on both fides; and atter a long
debate, all Hoſtility being exerciſed in the mean time (eſpecially when it was
thought they would agree, the beſieged fhot their great Guns continually, by
which they did fome hurt, killing a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Works; and
Prince Rupert received a fhot in a Salley that he made, rather to take the air,
than out of any great defigne) the Treaty came to a conclufion, upon very
noble Terms; which Fairfax was willing to grant, not knowing but that he
might have been forced to continue there till the depth of Winter,at which time
the over-flowing of the Rivers, which were now diverted, might make him
rife and leave the Siege; there being plenty of all provifions in the Town to
maintain it beyond that time. The Articles being tedious, and like thofe of
Exeter, need no repetition.
Divifions at
Court among
the Nobles at
Oxford.
Oxford deli-
On Wedneſday the 23 of June, according to Agreement, Sir Thomas Glem-
vered June 23. ham marched out with a Body of 3000 compleat Foot, through two Files of
the Enemy, which were placed at the Eaft-Gate, and extended to Shotover-
bill, where their Horſe were drawn up in the Rear, in a Solemn Military
The Governour poſture; and having marched to Tame, 900 of them laid down their Arms,
and had Paffes to their own houſes; the reft, or the moſt part of them, took
fervice under Colonel Tillier, one of the Garriſon, for the French, and fome
for the Spaniard. A thouſand more marched out at the North-gate, whoſe
marcheth to
Tame.
habitations
1646.
701
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Maurice de-
habitations were in Glocester-fhire, and the Counties that way. Prince Rupert Prince Rupert
and Maurice departed on the Monday before to Oatlands, upon fpecial Articles and Prince
for themſelves; and a number of Gentlemen on Tueſdays befides near 2000 pars to Cat-
that ſtaid after the Army was entred, for Paſſes; ſo that there could not be lefs lands.
than 7000 men (befides three Auxiliary Regiments of Scholars and Townf-
men, which were difarmed by the General upon his entrance) then in the
Town, being the very flower and the Chivalry of the Kings Army.
and many per-
There marched out likewife the Duke of York, the Marquefs of Hartford, Duke of York
the Earls of Dorſet and Southampton (the Duke of Richmond, and Earl of fans of great
Lindſey, being compriſed in the ſaid Articles, who departed Oxford fome while Quality depart
before the Siege, and rendred themſelves) the Lords Cottington, Lane, and from Oxford.
Dunsmores Secretary Nicholas, Sir George Lifle, and abundance of brave Gen- Duke of York
tlemen and Officers: fo that it was a pleafant martial fight, and many were James's; (oon
conveyed to St.
the ſpectators from London, to behold their exit. The Duke of York was con- after into Hol-
veyed to St. James's to his Royal Brother and Sifter under the Government of land the Prin-
The Earl of Northumberland, from whence, by means of Colonel Jofeph Bam- ce Henrietta
field, he was conveyed away, (according to the directions of the Queen his while before.
Mother) into Holland, as fome while before, the Princefs Henrietta, (after Faringdon in
married to the Duke of Orleans) was by the Lady Dalkeith, her Governefs, cluded in the
privately carried into France. In theſe Articles Faringdon was alfo included; cles.
the Governour Sir George Lifle, being then in Oxford; ratifying the
fame.
ร
•
to France, a
Oxford-Arti-
and Col. Roffi
Colonel Poyntz and Colonel Reffiter had joyned their Forces, and with the Te Parliament-
accefs of the Scottish Army refolved to belige Newark, upon which they long Forces under
had a hankering defire. They began the Siege in December, which was conti- Col. Poyntz
nued with all obstinacy, the Town defending it felt refolutely, and by often ter befiege
Salleys annoyed the befiegers, doing notable Execution upon them. The Scots Newark.
Jodged on the North-fide with 6000 men, making good Mufchams bridge ;
Poyntz on the South-fide, Colonel Roffiter and Lehunt at Blechington, Clay-
pool, (the first time he appears in fervice, now put on by Crommel) with Lei-
cester and Ely-forces at Bennington; the Nottingham Brigade at Stoak, where
the Lord Bellafis, (the Noble ftout Governour) gave them fuch a Camifade by
a fudden eruption, that he totally routed their Florfe, Poyntz being there)
and had near furprized the Foot, but that Roffiter came opportunely in, and de-
figning to get between the Salliers and the Town, made them leave their Victo-
ry,and make home: in their way whither,they defeated the ſaid Colonel Roffiter,
and ſafely returned in at their Works.
Town Summon-
Nevertheless, and though General Leven with his Army was drawn off from General Leven
Newark, diſguſted for want pay, Poyntz would not give over; but having with his Scots
turned the River Trent quite from the Town on the North-fide, and the Scots draws off from
having taken Sands Fort before, who paid dear for their Approaches, and the Newark: the
other River being alfo turned afide; and ſeveral Forts and Batteries new raiſed ed; Lord Bel-
within Mufquet-fhot of the Town, a fecond Summons was fent in unto the lafis the Go-
Governour; which had not prevailed, for all their bravado's of danger, had they vernour com-
not been reinforced with a command from the King to his Lordship, to make manded by the
as good Terms as be could, and deliver the place, for that the Peace of the King- der.
King to furren
dome might the fooner be restored. Accordingly, on the 4 of May, a Treaty was May 4 a Tred-
4
entred into; the Articles very fair, but not fo comprehenſive as thofe given by ty entred inte,
Fairfax, but yet fuch as fignified the noble Governours refolution, and pointed and Newark
at his great deſert; he having approved himſelf an eminent Soldier and Ser- yeilded.
vant of his King and Country throughout the War, and was afterward his Ma-
jefties Governour of his Town of Hull.
While the Army was marching to Oxford, Colonel Whaley with a thouſand The Parliament-
Foot, and four Troops of Horfe, was fent to befiege Banbury; who lay before Forces under
it ten weeks ere the Governour would hearken to any Terms, as nobly angry
Col. Whaley
with the Fortune of his Caufe, as difdainfully vext with the difparagement of besiege Banbu-
the Siege; the Caftle able to defie their entire Army,and which had often difap-
•
pointed
ry.
108
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
viva.
*
pointed and beaten ſeveral united ſtrengths that beleaguered it. But I cannot
*Anglia Redi- fo regretfully partake with that Loyal Garrifon, as Mr. Sprig doth zealously
with the Town, in a Paragraph of his worthy obfervation, and which may
very juftly be conftrued in a better fenfe than he meant it, being a full account of
that once-famous place for Zealotry.
Sir William
Compton the
Governeur
yields on bo
nourable Terms,
May 8.
Lord Say Pro-
prietor of the
place.
The Caffle de-
moliſhed.
Colonel Wha-
ley marcbeth to
Worceſter.
Banbury, once a great and fair Market-Town, before the late Troubles, but
now having ſcarce the one half standing to gaze on the Ruines of the other, was ever
till now unfortunate in all means and endeavours used for its recovery, having lain
under the poffeffion and Tyranny of the Enemy from the beginning, without almoſt
any intermiſſion; which happened to it, partly through the commodiousneẞ of its Si-
tuation for the Enemy, as lying but eighteen miles North from Oxford, and in fuch
a convenient place as gave it a command into divers other Counties, viz. North-
hampton-fhire, Warwick-fhire, &c. from out of which it gathered large Contri-
butions from Oxford: the sweetneß that the Enemy tafted in the fruits and effects
thus reaped by this Garrison, made them, that upon all our attempts to reduce it,
they were still ready with great Forces to relieve it.
But yet I cannot but alſo look upon and obferve the end, a Special hand and in-
timation of God against that Profeffing Place, where in a manner Judgment began
as at the House of God, and was removed with one of the last. The strange
fights in the Air over it, as fighting, &c. whereof I was an eye-Witneß, might por-
tend the portion which providence bath fince prepared for them.
All endeavours were uſed by the Befiegers, by Sapping, and Mining; which
were again Countermined by the vigilance of Sir William Compton, Brother to
the Earl of Northampton the refolute Governour, who by flinging down
ftones and hand-Granadoes, mightily annoyed the Enemy; who nevertheleſs
couragiously perfifting in their work, being advanced cloſe to the Wall, Sir Wil-
liam accepted of honourable Terms, and yeilded it on the eighth of May, the
Anniverſary of his Majefties Proclayming. I may not pass this notable place
without another remarque,
When the Grandees of the Faction in 1648 were dividing the fpoyls of the
Kingdom, and Loyal demolitions (which made entire ftructures of fome of
their partiſans Fortunes) were conferred mutually by them, (of which in its
place) and ſeveral Caftles were then ordered to be rafed; A friend of the
Lord Say's, the Proprietor of the place, ) moved in the Houſe of Commons,
that this Caſtle alſo might be ruined, as having been fuch a thorn to the Parlia-
ment and that the Lord Say's confent might be procured (who had all along fer-
ved them as chief of their Council and Cabal, and dyed after the King's reftitu-
tion, to say no more of him, though a grand engine of our Troubles) Two
thoufand Pounds fhould be given him in compenfation: A Member, (that
underfood his Lordships drift,who put in for his fhare among the Commoners,
while they were of the giving hand, and the Lords looked onely on others boun-
ty) ftood up and faid, that the Publique had no need of fuch penny-worths,
as to give his Lordfhip two thouſand pounds for that which coft him but five
hundred; a cheaper time might be expected: which his Lordship was forced to
await, and be content with an under-fale; when it was enviously by them,
and diſhonourably by him laid in its duft; the rather to be pitied, becauſe of its
revivifcency, having bravely and vigorously recovered it felf from the decays
of a long Antiquity; fo much Art and induftry being beftowed on it, that
neither the Approaches of Time, nor the Batteries, fury and violence of the
Enemy, were to be ſeen in any part of it. But it ſeems the Loyal Genius,
the new Penates, agreed not well with their Manfion, and fo abandoned it to
the luft and ſpight of a deforming Reformation. May the prefent inhabitants
confider, and the Reader pardon this digreffion.
From Banbury, Colonel Whaley was ordered to march to Worcester, and with
fome Troops of Horfe to affift the Siege began by Colonel Morgan, who was
then
i
1
1646.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
109
then commanded to the Siege of Ragland, to command in chief the Forces be-
fore that place; fo that the Carrying on of Worcester-fiege was devolved upon
Colonel Whaley, who for want of Foot could not lay a clofe and regular Lea-
guer, until that defect was fupplyed by Colonel Rainsborough, who came with a Befizeth it for
Brigade thither, and luftily plyed the railing of Forts and Approaches, which the Parlia
in fhort time he effectually brought to paſs; fo that the Governour (Colonel ment.
Washington, who had done the King excellent fervice throughout the War,
particularly at the firft taking of Bristol, where the breach he couragioufly en-
tred was afterwards called by his name, made terrible thereafter by his brave
Regiment of Dragoons, whoſe fierce and active gallantry beflowed a Pro-
verbe on every reſolute exploit, Away with it, quoth Washington) who be- Colonel Wafh-
fore had refuſed Terms, (or to accept a Summons) but upon his own high ington the Gu-
Conditions, feeing how feafible the torcing of the City might prove, and that vernourysildeth,
July 23.
no Relief could be expected, having alfo information of the furrender of Ox-
ford, inclined now to a Treaty, which took effect July 19. and rendred the
23 of July, the Articles being fomething lefs equal than the General gave;
which was the manner of thofe fubftitute Commanders, who either might
not, or rather were not indued with fo much Military honour, as to grant
them honourable Articles, the belt Military policy; a courtefie, for which the
Low-country-war is very defervedly famous; and the great matter-piece of
Souldiery in the late Princes of the Houſe of Aurange.
At the fame time the Generals Regiment and Colonel Lilburn's were fent
to affift and carry on the Siege before Wallingford, where Colone! Thomas Wallingford
Blague commanded; and after Oxford was yeilded, the General came himfelt yeilded, July
thither in perfon, to honour the Noble Governour, by the rendition of it to 28, to the Par-
the main Army. His Terms were as good as any that had been given before ;Sir liament.
Thomas as well respecting the merit and worth of the perfon, as the value
and confiderableness of the place. By Treaty it fhould have been ſurrendred
on the 29 of July; but a mutiny happening among the Souldiers of the Gar-
rifon, the Governour was forced to render it the day before, having had fix
days time, from the conclufion of the Treaty, to prepare for his depar-
ture.
After this rendition, Sir Thomas Fairfax went to the Bath to refreſh himfelf, Sir Thomas
after fo tedious attendance on feveral Leaguers; and from thence, being in- Fairfax goetb
formed of the refolution of the Noble Marquefs of Worcester in defending his from thence to
to the Bath,
Caſtle of Ragland (where he had made many deſperate Salleys, and kept the Ragland-c4-
befiegers at hard and conftant duty) he advanced to the aid and affittance of his fle, to affêt
Forces under Colonel Morgan, Sir Trevor Williams, and Colonel Laughorn; and Colonel Mor-
upon his arrival ſent in the Marquefs this Summons.
B
(
My LORD,
gan, Sir Tre-
vor Williams,
and Colonel
Laughörn.
Eing come into theſe parts with ſuch a ſtrength as I may not doubt, but with Sir Thomas
the fame hand of good providence that bath hitherto bleſſed us, in fhort time Fairfax [um.
to reduce the Garrison of Ragland to the obedience of the Parliament; I have, in mons the Mar-
order thereto, thought good to fend your Lordship this Summons, bereby requiring you queß of Wor-
to deliver up to me for the Parliament's uſe, the faid Garriſon and Caſtle of Rag- cefter.
land, which as it onely obftructs the Kingdom's univerfal Peace, the rendition may
beget fuch terms as by delay or vain hopes cannot be expected. Aug. 7.
Your Lordships humble fervant,
THO. FAIRFAX.
་་
To
}
110
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part 1.
SIR,
To which the Marqueß Answered thus:
The Marqueß A though my icfumities might jufily claim priviledge in fo fudden an An-
He defires to
fend to know
the Kings plea
Hre.
fwer, yet becauſe you defire it, and I not willing to delay your time.
to your Letter of Summons to deliver up my houfe, and the onely houſe
now in my poffeffion to cover my head in; Thefe are to let you know, that
if you did underſtand the condition I am in, I dare fay, out of your Judg-
ment, you would not think it a reafonable demand. I am loth to be the
Author of mine own Ruine on both fides, and therefore defire to have leave to
fend to his Majefty to know his pleaſure, what he will have done with his
Garrifon. As for my houfe, I prefume he will command nothing; neither
know I how, either by Law or Confcience, I ſhould be forced out of it. To
this I defire your return, and reft,
Your Excellencies humble Servant,
}
H. WORCESTER.
The General
denyes it,
fhews the in-
To which the General replyed, that for fending to his Majefie, it had
been denyed to the most confiderable Garrison in England, further than an account
of the thing done upon the Surrender; which he offered: that for the deftruction
of the Marques of his Lordships house and Garrison, he ſhould not have troubled bis Lordſhip, were
his refusal.
it difgarrifened. And repeats inconveniences upon a refufal.
conveniencies
The Marqueß
urgeth reasons
on his fide.
The General
To this the Marquefs anſwers, that he hath twenty thousand pounds due
from the King lent out of his Purfe, (it is believed the Loyal Noble Marquess
might have faid four times as mach, being the richeft and freeft Subject the
King had ) which would be loft, if he in this matter fhould difpleafe him; al-
ledges his familiarity with Sir Thomas his Grandfather in Henry Earl of Hunting-
tons time, Prefident of the North; for whofe fake, he fuppofeth, were it known
to him, the General would do what fafe courtefie he could: Defires, if he
might have his Means, and be at quiet by the Parliaments approbation, and
not vexed with the malice of the Committees of that County, to be quit of
the Garrison, and to that purpoſe expects what Conditions he will give.
that
The General returns, that he will give fuch as fhall be fit and fatisfactory for
The Marqueß
excepted but of the Souldiers, to his Lordship and Family all fecurity and quiet from any
the Parlia- belongs to him (note that the Marquefs was then excepted out of Pardon; )
ments Pardon. he will interpoſe betwixt his Lordship and the Committees, that they shall do no-
thing without order from the Parliament, to whom he hath liberty to send, and
promifeth to from whom, upon a prefent Surrender and ſubmiſſion to their Mercy and Favour,
interpose be- he may prefume on better Terms than if he stand to extremity. Propofeth the fad
tween bis Lord- example of the Marques of Wincheſter, who lost all by the ſame reſolution. For
the twenty thousand pounds, he may fend to the King at the fame time with an
account of the Surrender.
Ship and the
Committees.
{
The Marquefs rejoyns, and defires to be fatisfied, whether if any conclufion
fhall be made, he fhall afterwards be left to the mercy of the Parliament for
The Marqueß
alteration at their Wills and pleafures; and cites to that purpofe the Earl of,
cites the Earl Shrewsburies cafe, and divers others, whofe Conditions were broken. He
of Shrewsbu- knows that by the Generals Will and Confent it fhould never be ; but Souldiers
ries cafe.
are unruly, and the Parliament Unquestionable, and therefore de fires Pardon for
his juft caufe of Fear.
This was Anſwered by Sir Thomas, that what he granted, he would under-
take to make good. And as to the inftance of the Lord of Shrewsbury, the Actors
in that breach, who were none of his Army, bave received their Cenfure, and by
this time he believes Execution.
The
1646.
LI!
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
the Parliament,
The first refult between them, was, at the defire of the Marquefs, a Ceffation Ragland-ca-
for fix hours; but nothing being concluded on, the Army proceeded in their file Surrendred
Approaches, which were caft up within fixty yards of their Works; when the Aug. 19, to
Marquefs was induced and perfwaded by them within to come to a Capitula-
tion, which was in effect, the fame with others: And on the 19 of Auguſt
the Cattle was Surrendred, according to Agreement; into which the General
entred, and had fome fpeech with the Marquefs, and fo back again to
Bath.
the Parlia-
mèats
There marched out befides the Marquefs, who caft himſelf wholly upon the The Marque
mercy of the Parliament, the Lord Charley his Son, the Countels of Glamor- cafts himself on
gan, Sir Philip Jones, Doctor Bayly, a Commiffary, 4 Colonels, 82 Captains, mets mercy.
16 Lieutenants, 6 Cornets, 4 Enfigns, 4 Quarter-mafters, 52 Efquires and Several perfons
Gentlemen, as by the Catalogue of them taken by the Advocate of the Army of Quality in
appeared.
the Castle.
much indebted:
I do not wonder the gallant Marquefs was fo loth to part with his houſe :
for not long after, and 'tis prefumed from ſome thought, ſadneſs, and trouble of the Marqueß a
minde, of being forced from this his Cattle, and expofed to the fury of his great Scholar,
Enemies, he departed this life. A man of very great Parts, and becoming to whom the
his Honours; of great Fortitude of mind, either Actively or Paffively, and to King was
whom the King was much beholden. He was nevertheless better at his Pen he departs this
than the Sword and a great deal happier; for he hath uſed that with rare life.
fuccefs, as fome of his Works in print, viz, his Apophthegms and Diſcourſes,
and Diſputes with his Majefty concerning Religion, do abundantly demon-
ftrate. He lived lo ſee himſelf undone, and a moſt plentiful eſtate ſpoyled and
Ruined; but anticipated and fore-ran that of the Kingdom, which foon after
followed.
Conway-Caftle was taken by ftorm, by Forces under Major-General Mitton, Major-General
to whom Sir Thomas Fairfax would have fpared fome Forces, but he would Mitton tabes
have no partakers of his Trophies, but thoſe men he had raiſed hirnfelf, and Conway-Ca-
ftle by Storm
hitherto kept as a diftinct Body, pretending he had more men than money to for the Parlia
pay them. He alſo took in Carnarvan-Caſtle, ſeconded by Major-General meat. Carnar-
Laughorn his Country-man, being delivered upon good Articles by the Lord van-Caſtle de-
Byron, who had before fo ftoutly maintained Chefter. Ludlow was likewife livered as al
fo Ludlow,
delivered, and Litchfield-Cloſe to Sir William Brereton; Borstal-houſe by Sir Litchfield.
Charles Campian, flain after at Colchester together with Gotheridge. So that clofe, and Bor-
the Pen is quite worn out with fcribling of Articles, and defires to be excuſed ftal-bouſe.
from further particulars.
Mount-Mi-
Onely we may not omit Pendennis-Caftie (and Mount Michael in Cornwal Pendennis-
taken during the fiege of Exeter by Colonel Harmond) which ſtood out ftill, Castle (and
by the refolution and Loyalty of a right Noble Gentleman of that County chael) taken
John Arundel of Treacife Efquire, the Governour: it had been blockt up by for the Parlia
Land by Colonel Richard Fortefeue, and by Vice-Admiral Batten by Sea, ever meas, by Colo-
fince the General departed: no Summons could prevail, without his Majefties ze/Hammond.
ſpecial Order to Surrender; whom the Governour was very inftant to have John Arundel
leave to fend to. All the deficiency was in Provifion; and no Relief could our baving
Efq. the Gover-
enter, fave two Shallops, who got in at the break of day, at which time the order from the
Parliaments Shallops that in the night-time lay cloſe to the Caftle to intercept Xing to furrex-
them, drew off, for fear of being diſcovered as they were fo neer within the
reach of the Cannon. The Governour therefore gave the Prince notice; who
not being in a condition to relieve the place, there being a numerous Garrifon
within, he accepted of Terms, which, to give Colonel Fortefeue his due, were
the beſt given by any but the General himſelf, and came the neereft his gene-
rous way of Treating, and careffing an yieldingEnemy.
der,
Not long after followed the rendition of Scilly-Ifland; and the Prince de- Scilly-Iſland,
parted for France: the like of Denbigh, and Holt-Caftle, which concluded Denbigh and
the Military Actions, and left the Conquerours (whofe wreathed Bays would Holt-caftle
not well twine together; the Presbyterian Thistle, and the Independant Bramble,
not
Surrendred.
I 12
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Cromwell the
Kaul of the pre-
teaded Saints.
not apt to fuch coalition, but fcratching and tearing one another,) worfe em-
broyled than they had been throughout, or before the War, in the greateft dif-
ficulties of their defigns or defeats.
The Pricks of thefe Triumphant Coronets fharply troubled the heads of the
wearers; and how to fet them eaſily they knew not. Ambition was the moſt poi-
gnant and grievous to Crommel, Dildain and Envy to the old Presbyterian
Commanders; from whence refulted a juft indignation in fome of their Grandees
of having taken Arms to fuch ill purpoſes againſt the King: But in moſt others
of them, the Itch of Sacriledge and Covetousness, the longing after the fpoils
of the Kingdom, rebated the acuteness of thofe animofites, jealoufies and di-
ftruft, intending their private advantages, and chiefly aiming at the kirnel,
Wealth and Riches, and leaving the fhell of Government to be crackt and bro-
ken by other mens teeth, to give them the fruition of their projected profits and
Eftates.
+
For Cromwel (as it might well be prefumed) now took up theſe reſolutions,
which he had ftaggered at fome while before, to invade the Soveraignty: un-
to which end,incredible will it be,how he had wrought upon the Grandees of his
Faction, and they upon the Rafcality and rabble of the fame leaven,into ſo great a
popularity, that he became the very Idol of thofe (fo then called) Saints. The
News-books every day were filled with the wonders of his Atchievements,
where he was prefent at any fuccefs, all was attributed either to his fortune or
Valour; where they had Victory in his abfence, it was acknowledged to his
Counſel and Frudence: infomuch that by ſober men it was well hoped fuch af-
fronts to his General might have awakened him to fome diftruct of his aſpiring
method; but by the fecret wifdome of God he was blinded, not onely in a de-
ftructive and fupine compliance with this Rebel, by a guilty omiffion of his care
and inſpection over him, but infatuated into his molt fcelerate and abominable
practiſes, to the ſubverfion of the Parliament, and the execrable murther of the
King. They who Raifed this Army against their Soveraign, being Raiſed af-
terwards by that (one of their own lifting) Ufurper.
He difbands His main and firft engine to the overthrow of the Government and Laws,
part of the Ar- which took its mifchievous effect, was the disbanding part of the Army under
my n der Ma- Major-General Maſſey, a Noble perfon, and though formerly an enemy to the
jor-General
Mafey.
King in that unlucky Siege of Gloucester, now fufpected as inclinable to a mo-
derate uſe of that Victory the Parliament had obtained. He was known to
have much affected General Effex, of whofe principles, and intentions of duty
to his Prince, one may without danger fay they were tainted by the contagion
of the times, but never corrupted or alienated from the Kings perfon, Authority,
or Family, or Peace of the Kingdom. By disbanding the Forces under him, the
Cromwel de defign of Cromwel was firft to make a divifion, and ftir fome ill humour in the
Fents to create Army, as if that were the leading cafe; next, to make the ftanding Officers,
when they ſhould know they were at his difpofal, more fure and obliged to
him, and then to inftil into them his own Trayterous devices in fum,to perpe-
tuate the War till he had attained his ends, and then continue them, as the Turk
doth his Janizaries.
Cifferences in
th: 17.3.
Colonel Cooks
Brigade dis-
bacdid.
*Anglia Redi-
viva.
Many of the
cisianded
Accordingly, at the Devises, General Fairfax ( for upon him it was put )
disbanded Major-General Maffey's and Colonel Cook's Troops, being in all
2500 Horfe, prepared, but fallely to obey the Ordinance of Parliament, re-
*
ceiving onely fix weeks pay for many moneths Arrears and becauſe the Parlia-
ment lo vehemently tax the King for entertaining of Forreigners,and alfo becaufe
it is very ftrange, obferve what he faith further: Sir Thomas Fairfax his Pen
travelling as far as great Alexanders Sword.
*
زا
1
Divers of the disbanded came from very remote Countries, and had Paffes, fome
Couldiers of
Porriga Coun- for Egypt, others for Mefopotamia and Ethiopia.
→
Upon confideration of this paffage (befides that it wipes away the cavil of
the Kings entertainment of Forraigners, a more general and no lefs envious
obfervation
1
1646.
113
England, Scotland and Ireland.
obſervation ariſeth, viz. that in ſome fort it may be ſaid (what was ſpoke of
the Roman Civil Wars, That all Nations and people were engaged in the for-
tunc and Fate of Cafar or the Senate) that the whole World was concerned in
our English Contutions: for by this black lift of Auxiliaries from the other fide
of the Line, and fuch remote Regions (it being alfo unquestionable how dex-
teroutly and defignedly all our potent Neighbours thruſt themſelves in at our
Breaches) our troubles and inteltine fcuds may be allowed to pretend to a like
obnoxious greatneſs and reputation; fince the fame of our conflagration and
incendiaries flew to fuch diftant and fcorched Climates. Thofe Salamanders
embroyled themſelves in the fire of our contentions, and by their Hue it had
been no great prejudice to the Caufe they maintained, if a man had gueffed
them to be the Tutelary Angels thereof; the infide of all the pretences of the
War against the King, appearing as black and foul as the outfide of theſe their
fellow-Souldiers.
So that while we ſhall now in its order and time repeat the fubfequent per-
petrations of the Party and Faction, the War being wholly finiſhed, and they
by the wife providence and permiflion of God poffeffed of all they quarrelled
for; (though it is not fair to prepoffefs pofterity) the Reader and after-times
will fufpect or think there is fome Hiatus or deficiency in the Regiſter of
thefe troubles, if after fuch a promifing conclufion (wherein the neceflity and
bluing of Peace feemed to be well accommodated in that juncture, befides
the opportunity and obligation of the Parliament to make appear their many
Declarations and Proteftations, both in behalf of his Majefty and the King-
dom, he fhall be on a fudden, without any pauſe or expoftulation, or account
of the delignes and practiſes of the Parliament and Army, plunged imme-.
diately, and involved again in new, and worfer, and more perplexed actions The Factions
b.gin now to
and politicks than in the middle of the War: for now having laid afide the
unmask them.
mask, the ſmooth and foft cover of their beautiful pretences, they put on the felves, and lay
gaftly and terrible Vizor, that perfonated the Tyranny and ufurpation which open their in-
foon after followed. To proceed then,
tentions.
tions, Pres-
other.
The ftate of the matter was briefly this: It was thought now high time by
the principals of the conquering fide, to share the Soveraignty, but the difhcul-
ty of doing it, in regard of thoſe mutual diftrufts that waxed every day firon-
ger betwixt the two factions of Presbytery and Independency, delayed a while he two F1-
the actual fruition of their defires. The Bucket of intereft went up and down bytery and In-
a long while, one fide fecretly clofing with the King in a feeming tenderneſs dependency
for his Rights and Perfon, to ballance the other, who by an obstinacy against distruct each
him and his Government, engaged moſt of the firft leaven of that tumultuous
rabble to an adherence and ftrengthning of their party, from an expectation of
fpoil and preferment upon their Models, after their fubverfion of Monarchy.
In theſe their diſtractions, the onely expedient for both, was to protract time,
and await a more advantagious and favourable juncture for either of them,
wherein to compaſs and accompliſh their feveral aims and divided projections
upon the Kingdom. Therefore the fame publike ends and common concern-
ments, which were the pretended caufes of the War, were now declared to be
infifted on, as to conſtant and perpetual fecurity, viz. the Laws, Religion
and Liberty. That the beating the Eneiny in the Field, was not fufficient alone
to that purpoſe, but that ſome proviſion muſt be made for the future; and that
thoſe eſtabliſhments of the publike upon a firm Peace, would require time, af-
ter ſo many commotions and diflocations, fuch diforder and confufion of the
policy of the Government.
To this purpoſe the King was held out to his people as an obftinate perfon, The King ma-
no way changed in his mind as to their good, but that all his offers of Treaty ligned to his
and Peace were meerly to impofe upon their credulous affections, intending people.
nothing lefs than fatisfaction to his Parliament, againſt whom he had waged
a long and bloody War. That in a juft refolution, they had proceeded, and
would perfilt on their way of Propofitions, on which alone a lafting Peace
R
might
114
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
J
his party high.
might be grounded and expected. That in the mean time they would take
care that the Common Enemy fhould take no advantage of raifing a new War,
(indeed their tyrannical method of Compofition for their Loyalty in the first,
might well make them as good as their words.) And with the old flourishes
of Liberty, and happy times, inculcating their Succeffes, and afcribing them
to their Cauſe, they thus offered to amuſe the people, exchanging their fine-
neſs and ſmoothnefs of words, for the real repofe and tranquillity looked for by
the Kingdom.
This proceeding highly exaſperated the Kings party, and as much encoura-
ly exasperated. ged the defperadoes of their own, to claw them with Petitions and Addreffes of
Thanks for theſe refolutions, proving the onely means to continue the rupture,
and confequently their Power and Authority; which how then and hereafter
they executed, we will now more particularly relate, having laid down theſe
SEEDS of the SECOND WAR, as they, and from then their Sequeſtrators and
Committees were moft wrathfully pleafed to call it, when they wrongfully pla-
ced it upon their ſcore and account.
The Scotch
Parliament and
Army ingroß
the wealth of
the Nation.
The Scots are
for ready Cab,
Theſe were the tranfactions and the devices of the English Parliament and
Army: it will be requifite to fee what the fame bodies of Scotland do in refe-
rence to the Peace of both Kingdoms; and we fhail finde them in as great a
ftrangeness to it as the former, and not with far different purpoſes and inten-
tions: For the Scots would have money in Coyn and Specie, the other were for
the value in great penny-worths, and purchases of Delinquents Eftates. The
the others for Scots, as was faid before, had the King in their poffeffion, a good pawn and
Delinquents pledge for the debt accrued to them before, for the pay due for their fervice
Elates.
in England, which being not over-haftily pay'd, they quitted their poſt at the
The King in
the Scots poffef. Siege of Newark, and with the King marched Northwards, bearing him in
hand that they were his gude Subjects, and would ſtand as far as 'twas con-
ſiſtent with their Covenant, for his perfon and intereſts. As the Army marched,
fo did the King, making the limits of their Quarters to be his Court, until by
leafurable journeys (and which were interrupted by ſeveral Expoftulations,
Expreffes from Westminster) he came at laft and took up his refidence at New-
caſtle, where appeared ſuch a deal of Scotch bravery, efpecially among the
Commanders of their Army, that the place appeared like the revived Court of
King James after his affumption to the Crown of England. Every rag worn
by them, being bought and purchaſed (if fo fairly come by) with English
gelt.
fion.
In the mean while the Parlianent were debating concerning the Perſon of
The Parliament the King; but it was fo ticklish a point, that they agreed not to any prefent
of England
confult concern- pofitive fettlement or entertainment of it, but negatively, in fignifying to the
ing the Kings Scots, that in England his Majefty might be difpofed by none but the Parlia-
perfon.
ment of England: That their Army in England is theirs, and under their pay;
and pretending the inconvenience of the great diſtance of the King from them,
as to obtaining of his affent; and then the Covenant.
The King at
Newcaſtle
May 13.
This begat in the King another meditation, in his Eikon Bafil. where he
difcourfeth and deplores thofe events, which put him to fuch a choice; but
reſolutely fixeth himſelf on his own Honour and Confcience, however it ſhould
pleaſe God to order this difpofition of him in the Scots hands. And con-
trariwife it raiſed in the faction Soliloquies and Charms, which way they
might extricate this puzling difficulty. As the firft expedient, the old ftalk
of courting the Prince was agreed upon; and therefore they fent a Letter to
the Governour of Guernsey to be conveyed to him.
At the Kings Arrival at Newcastle, he was there received with all demon-
ftrations of respect, both from the Town and the Scots on the Towns
part, with the ufual cuftomes of Bone-fires, and ringing of the bells, and ap.
precations for his Majefties happy reftitution, and fpecdy accommodation with
his Parliament; on the Scots, in a femblance of the fame gladness and duty,
with proteftations to the fame purpoſe as the inhabitants wifhes; but which
fuddenly
$646.
115
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ļ
ſuddenly loſt belief, when their General fignified by Proclamation, not onely The Stors Gen.
that no Papists or Delinquents should come neer his Perfon, but alſo, That although Proclaims that
no Popilis nor
his Majefties Perfon were prefent, yet all men whatſoever fhould yield Autho-
Delinquents
rity to the Ordinances of the Parliament. A parcel of which Authority they all come nier
themſelves imitated, laying heavy Affeffments upon all the Northern Counties, the Kings Per-
pretending the Parliaments negligence of their pay; fo that thoſe poor people on. Iwe Scots
Lay heavy Al-
were ready to rife and free themſelves from these oppreffors, having in vain the
Petitioned them at Weltminster for relief: which the Scots fenting, they pri- Northern Coun
vately fent for their Horfe under David Lefly, who had defeated Montroß at ties.
Philipsbaugh (of which briefly before) and driven him far enough into the They fend for
High-lands, to return to their main Army then at Newcastle, to reinforce it,
and to fecure themfelves in their Quarters, till the bargain fhould be
made.
They at Westminster underſtanding hereof, do refent this additional force of
Scots, and thereupon in anger Vote,
ments on
their Horfe.
The Erelih
Vote them home,
and Iccooo 1.
That this Kingdom hath no further need of the Army of their brethren the Parliament
Scots in this Kingdom, and that the ſum of one hundred thousand pounds ſhould be
advanced and paid to that Army, as followeth, viz. 50000 1. after their furren- to be paid to
der of Newcattle, Carlile, and other English Garrisons poffeffed by them in Eng-thair" Army.
land, and the other 50000 1. after their departure into Scotland; and order
fhould be taken for the payment of their Arrears.
This was a good come on, and a handfome induction to greater fums: in
the mean while the Scotith Commiflioners, with their Omne tulit pun&tum qui The Scoteb
miſcuit utile Dulci, addrefs themſelves to the Parliament with their glozing ora- CommiTioners
tory, protefting the good intention of their Army and Nation, and obtefting gloze with the
Englih Par-
fome ſpeedy fatisfaction of money, that they might not be burdenfome to the liament.
Country, affuring them on one hand, of their complying with the Parliament
according to Covenant,and offering fomething for the King too a la Mode the
fame Covenant; like the man in the Fable, that could blow hot and cold
with the fame breath. But where fo many words pafs between buyer and feller,
a man may ſuſpect little honefty or reafon in either.
•
Hec-
derfon at
To confirm this their firm adherence in all fairneſs to the Covenant, Mr. The Disputes be-
Alexander Henderfon, the Moderator' formerly in that illegal Affembly at Glaf- twixt the King
gow in 1639. and Commiffioner here in England afterwards, a famed preach- and Afr. H
er, Scholar, and Presbyter, was fet upon the King at Newcastle, whom the Newcaſtle.
King handled with that acutenefs both in private Conferences and Difputes,
as alſo in difcuffive Papers of the Controverſies of the Diſcipline of the Church
of England, and fo well plyed him (his Majefties prudent and laborious un-
dertaking of this perfon ferving to ftop the weaker yet more malapert aſſaults
of his English Reformifts who followed this grand Pattern) by afferting the
practice and univerfal confent of the Primitive Church beyond any private or
modern opinion whatfoever, that it is more than credible that Mr. Henderſon
convinced in his confcience of the errours he had maintained to the.promoting
of Schifm and Rebellion, from fuch a Church, and againſt fo excellent a
Prince, whofe Learning, Clemency and Courtefie, were alike eminent, not
long after upon his return, or rather fending home into Scotland, languiſhed M. Hender-
with grief and anxiety of mind ; and with plain fymptoms thereof, and no other fon languisheth
and dyetb.
outward caufe, dyed.
Marſhal 4
great Preacher
Mr. Stephen Marshal, another Presbyterian Minifter, and a famous Teacher of Mr. Stephen
the Covenant, was there alfo; but the King would not be troubled with his
difcourfes, having fuch cauſe of offence at his prayers; which made him after- of the Covenant
wards wholly decline any intercourfe with him: the Papers wherein he had fo at Newcastle.
rationally refuted the fame principles with Mr. Henderfon, being publike, and
therefore he might well be difobliged from further trouble in that Controverfie.
Politick dif-
Nor were the difputes lefs between the Scots Commiffioners and the Parliament, the Parliament
putes between
which every day came in Print, being politick, fubtile wranglings for nothing, and the Scotch
de lana Caprina, each party endeavouring to cajole the other into abfurd beliefs: Commiſſioners.
R 2
meer
116
Part
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
:
the Scots.
1
!
meer names of things, and diftinctions, as the Perfon of the King, &c. wholly
imploying thoſe State-Logicians, with whom Majefty and duty were non En-
tia. Into thefe frivolous jars, Cromwel and his Army-Fellows put in their Pleas,
Cromwel and and fuborned fome ferious fools to throw in their confiderations of the matter;
his party afperfe which reflected bitterly on the Scots, not by way of Reafon, but bold im-
pudent afperfions, and indeed, as to them, ungrateful and unmannerly dicte-
ries. Thoſe the Commiffioners take notice of, complaining to the Parlia-
ment; but in vain, the Independant party laughing fecretly at the pudder
they made for fuch trifles as Religion and Government, which to forwardly
and defignedly they themſelves had overthrown, and aukwardly and fcrupu-
loufly they would now feem to intend and eſtabliſh. It being generally recei-
ved by them, as proclaimed by others, That all was but a Juggle; and the con-
clufion credited that report.
Setting afide other punctilio's between them, concerning Presbytery (which
now laboured grievoufly in the birth, being ready for the Midwifery of an
Ordinance, and was hereby retarded, A Provifo for Tender Confciences being
to be added as a fuperfætation of that Difcipline by the Independents, and
rejected as an after-birth, inlet and receptacle of all Herefies, Sects, and Schilms
by the Scots, of which there will be occafion hereafter) matter of State fhall
be firſt related, as coming first to the Kings confideration in the Propofitions
after ten months time fent to him by Commiffioners while he was at New-
caftle. To omit alfo all their diſputes concerning the obligations of the Coves
nant, as to mutual interefts and polity of Government, whereby the one
Kingdome might not act without the concurrence of the other, infifted on by
the Scots, and waved by the Members, becauſe theſe ſhadows and the Cove-
nant it ſelf is vaniſhed, and the best friends of it would be loath to have theſe
abfurdities and clafhings of the faid League revived; the Confederates, as at the
building of Babel (fuch our after Commonwealth) being divided within
three years time among themſelves in the very language of it; and fome great
promoters of it then, calling it now an Old Almanack: I fay, not to rake in
this unconcerning matter, which is intended to be forgotten, let's proceed
onely with this due infertion of another matter, That Cromwel fecing how
the Scots drove at money for pay, to ripen a divifion betwixt them and the
Poyntz's Soul- Houſes, fet Poyntz's Souldiery and Garrifon of York, where he was Gover-
diery and Gar- nour, to mutiny for pay, and to force it as the Scots did, whofe example they
rison of York pleaded; and with the fame blow to difcard Poyntz first from the affection,
mutiny for pay and then from the command of his forces; one fufpected to be honefter than
the defignes of the Army could fuffer.
Propofitions
On the 11 of July the Propofitions were finiſhed, and fent to the King by
fent to the King the Earls of Pembroke and Suffolk, Mr. Goodwyn, Sir Walter Earl, Six John
at Newcastle, Hippefly, and Mr. Robinfon: who met on the way with a Mellage from the
July 11.
King to the Two Houfes in answer to their demand for the Marquefs of Or-
monds disbanding in Ireland; wherein he defires their Propofitions, as the rea-
dieft and ſafeſt way to gratifie them in that and other things conducing to the
Peace of the Kingdom. A little while before this alfo, Monfieur Bellieure, a
French Ambaffador being fent to accommodate the difference between the King
and Parliament, received thanks from the Parliament, to whom he firft ad-
interpoſe be- dreffed; but the interpofition of his Maſter was wholly denyed: whereupon
tween the King he did the like fruitlefs office to the King; and having had fome private Audi-
ence with him, after many good morrows departed.
An Ambaffa-
dor from
France fent to
and Parlia-
ment.
The Queen and
Prince at Pa-
To keep a punctual account of the Prince his Son's peregrination; the firſt
forrain place we find him in is about this time at the French Court in Paris; ot
which the Queen, then there alſo, gave notice to the King by Mr. Montril the
The Scots Com- French Agent refiding there.
ris.
miſſioners quar- The Propofitions fent now to the King were quarrelled at by the Scots Com-
rel at the Eng- miffioners; firft, becauſe they were not the fame with thoſe formerly fent to
tiſh Propofi Oxford and Uxbridge. Secondly, Becauſe all the additions, omiffions and alte-
rations
1646.
117
England, Scotland and Ireland.
I
L
E
:
rations made in them, are in thofe things which concern the joynt intereft and
union of both Kingdomes. And thirdly, the danger of wholly excluding
the King and his Pofterity, and fo the Crown, from their right to the Militias
which was an alteration of the Fundamental Laws. And fourthly, the uncer-
tainty of the Religion the Parliament would eſtabliſh, they refuſing to give their
Brethren, the Scots, the particulars thereof; Presbytery being then piece-
meal offered by the Affembly of Divines to the Parliaments confidera-
tion.
In this point, the Scots urged how many promiſes of UNIFORMITY the The Scots urge
Parliament had made at their inftances to them throughout the War; and the Parliaments
promife of uni-
that this uniformity might be extentive, and become the Difcipline of the Re- formity, and
formed Churches every where, and fo be the Catholick Rule, had ordered the their ordering
Covenant as a Model or Pattern to be printed in moſt of the Forrain Lan- the Covenant to
be printed in
guages; that it ſhould be a fin and ſhame to England, that all forts of He-
moft Forrain
relies, Sects and Schifms fhould be fo multiplied; Liberty of Confcience not Languages.
onely pleaded for, but in place already, and all the kindneffes done them, fo
unhandfomly flighted. And as to the Presbyterial Government to be eſta-
bliſhed here, Exceptions were taken at the fubordination of Church-Affemblies
to Parliament, in the words prefcribed, left it ſhould be interpreted as if the
Civil Power were not onely converiant about matters of the Church and Re-
ligion, but were formally Ecclefiaftical, and to be exerciſed Ecclefiaftically,
and be counted fuch a Supremacy in the Church, as in the Pope and the late
High-Commiffion of England. Next, they fcrupled their Provincial Commif-
fioners for judging of Scandal, there being no fuch Warrant for fuch a mix-
rure of Lay with Spiritual Officers; which they ſuppoſe may be the laying of
a New Foundation of the faid High-Commiffion or Epifcopacy. Thirdly,
That admitting the Power of calling and convening a National Affembly be
in the Civil Magiftrates as poſitive, yet they cannot allow it privative or deftru-
ctive,and that therefore fuch Affemblies may not be reftrained to times of Seffion,
the ſafety of the Church being the fupreme Law; That therefore it ſhould not
be left ad libitum to the pleaſure of the Civil Power, but that fixed times for
their meeting might be appointed.
From this the Engliſh perceived that the Scotch Yoak would not fit their
necks; and though they could be content with their Spirituals, there was no
enduring of their Temporals: which confideration, with thoſe Cavils printed
and publiſhed, produced a Declaration of the Houfe of Commons, wherein
(being now in no need of further affiftance, having no Enemy left but that publish a De-
Army) they come to a point, and withal. thus gird their gude Brethren (we claration.
ſhall repeat onely one Paragraph.)
The Parliament
Church-Gover–
ment, &c.
Concerning Church Government, we having fo fully declared for Presbyterian
Government, having spent so much pains, taken up fo much time, for the fettling of One Para-
it; paſſed most of the particulars brought to us from the Aſſembly of Divines (cal- graph thereof,
led onely by us to adviſe of ſuch things as shall be required of them by the Parlia- relating to
ment) and having published feveral Ordinances for putting the fame in execution,
becauſe we cannot confent to the granting of an arbitrary and unlimited Power
and Jurifdiction to near TEN THOUSAND JUDICATORIES
to be erected within this Kingdom, and this demanded in a way INCONSI
STENT with the FUNDAMENTALS of GOVERNMENT,
excluding the POWER of PARLIAMENT in the exercise of that JV-
RISDICTION; nor have we refolved yet, how a due regard may be had,
that TENDER CONSCIENCES which differ not in any Fundamen-
tals of Religion, may be ſo provided for as may ſtand with the word of God, and
peace of the Kingdom. And let it be OBSERVED, that we have had the
more reafon not to part with the Power out of our hands, fince all by-past Ages
manifeft, that the Reformation and purity of Religion, and the prefervation and
protection of the people, bath been by Parliament, and the exercife of this power :
3
OHY,
1.
1
I
118
The 23 Propofi
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part 1.
our endeavours being to ſettle the Reformation in the Kingdoms of England and
Ireland, in Doctrine, Worship, Difcipline, and Government, according to the
Word of God, and the example of the best Reformed Churches, and according to our
COVENANT.
That's the burden of the Ditty; but how that comes to be fet in oppofition to
the Scotch Model of Presbytery, may be left to the diftinguishing Expofitors,
between Bell and the Dragon. The Poets Fiction concerning Proteus, was cer-
tainly a meer vaticination and prediction of this variable Moniter; for the King,
the Kirk, the Parliament, the Sectaries, for every thing according to its prefent
intereft, as the Camelion appears in the colours that are neereft it. A ferious
Kirk-fallacy, made a Parliament-Riddle.
Come we now to thofe long-hammered Propofitions fent to the King at
King at New. Newcastle, July 11. as aforesaid, which were twenty three in number.
tions fent to the
caſtle.
Thele the chief-
eft of the Pro-
pofitions, the
rest relating to
Ireland, and
other private
Concerns.
Firft, That his Majeſty would paß an Act for nulling all Declarations and Pro-
clamations against both or either Parliaments of England or Scotland. Secondly,
The King to ſign and fwear the Covenant, and an Act for all perfons in the three
Kingdoms to do the like. Thirdly, An Act to take away Bishops, &c. Fourthly,
To confirm by Act the Affembly of Divines at Weftminiter. Fifthly, To fettle Re-
ligion as the Parliament shall agree. Sixthly, In Unity and Uniformity with Scot-
land, as shall be agreed by both Parliaments, [ Kill Epifcopacy point-blank, and
Shoot at Scotch wild-fowl at randome J Seventhly, An Ad to be confirmed against
Papifts. Eighthly, Their Children to be educated in the Protestant Religion. Ninth-
ly, For taking away part of their Estates. Tenthly, Against Saying of Mass in
England. Eleventhly, And the fame in Scotland if they please. Twelithly,
For obfervation of the Lords day, against Pluralities and Non-refidents, and for Vifi-
tations and regulating the Univerfities. Thirteenth, That the Militia of the three
Kingdoms be in the hands of the Parliament for twenty years, with power to raise
money and fuppreß all Forces, &c. Fourteenth, That all Honours, and Titles,
and Dignities, conferred on any fince the great Seal was conveyed from the Parlia-
ment, May 21 1642. be nulled; and that those who hereafter fhall be made
Peers by the King, fhall not fit in Parliament, without conſent of both Hou-
fes. Fitteenth, That an Act be paffed to confirm all the Treaties between England
and Scotland, and a Committee of both Houses to be nominated Confervators of the
Peace between both Kingdoms. Sixteenth, An Act for the establishing the Decla-
ration of both Kingdoms of the THIRTIETH of JANUARY, 1643.
touching Delinquents, with other qualifications added now, which were fo com-
prehentive, that they feemed accommodated for the fatal prognoftick of that days
Revolution in 1648. when accumulative treaſon (a word invented by them--
felves against the Earl of Strafford) was extended to other the Kings Friends
as to number, and in the amaffed guilt of all impiety, afterwards practifed
upon the life of his Martyred Majefty; exempting from pardon all fuch as had
proved themselves zealous and ftout afferters of the King and his Caufe, Sequeftra-
tions, Bonds, Fines, and Securities abiding the reft as to the King himſelf,
they had left him nothing but the name and Title of Regality, the honour and
fupport thereof being quite taken away. The reft of them were private re-
ferves and advantages for themselves and their partifans, and fome relating
to the Kingdom of Ireland; fuch an unreafonable mifcellany, that the Scots
for pretence of honour could not digeft them, but fcrupled at moft of them, as
they were framed at Westminster, for fome of the reafons afore mentioned,
but fwallowed then, and were fatisfied at their delivery at Newcastle, by the
Solution of Two hundred thousand pounds, when in a peremptory manner,
as will preſently be related, they told him he muft affent.
At the delivery of thoſe Propofitions on the 23 July, the King asked the
Commiffioners if they had power to Treat; who replyed, No: then faid the
King
1646.
119
England, Scotland and Ireland.
*
and the Parti-
King, Saving the honour of the busineß, an honest Trumpeter might have done as Difcourfe be
much. I hope you expect not a prefent Answer to this high concernment. To which tween the King
they answered, that their time was limited to ten days. By which time the aments Commu
King having viewed them, declined them altogether, though hardly belabour- fioners.
ed and follicited on all hands to comply with them; and put into the Com-
miſſioners hands a Paper containing offers of coming to London to Treat there;
which they nevertheleſs excufed themfelves from fending to the Parliament:
whereupon the King fent this Anſwer to the two Houfes by a Meffenger of his
own.
The Propofitions tendered to his Majesty by the Commiſſioners, &c. (to which
the Parliament have taken up twice fo many moneths for deliberation, as they have (wer to the Pro-
The King An-
affigned days for his Majesties Anſwer) do import ſo great alterations of Govern- pofitions
ment both in Church and Kingdom, as it is very difficult to return a particular and Auguſt 1.
pofitive Anſwer, before the explanations, true ſenſe, and right reaſon thereof be un-
derstood; and that his Majesty upon a full view of the whole Propofitions, may
know what is left, as well as what is taken away or changed. In all which he
finds that the Commiſſioners are in no capacity to Treat with him. That it is impof-
fible for him to give ſuch a preſent judgment of, and answer to the Propofitions,
whereby he shall be able to answer to God, that a fafe and well-grounded Peace
will enfue; and therefore defires to come to London upon the fecurity of Parlia
ment and Scotch Commissioners, where, by his perſonal prefence, he may not onely
raiſe a mutual confidence betwixt him and his people, but alſo have thofe doubts
cleared, and difficulties explayned unto him, which he now conceives deftructive to
bis Royal power, if he ſhall give a full confent as they now stand: as likewiſe to
make known unto them his reasonable demands, which he is affured will be con-
ducible to Peace, &c. and will be there ready to give his affent to all Bills for the
Security and ſtability thereof, not having regard to his own particular. Conjuring
them as Chriftians, as Subjects, and as men, who defire to leave a good name
behind them, that they will fo receive and make use of this Answer, that all If
fues may be stopped, and these unhappy distractions peaceably fettled. And post-
feribes, that upon fuch affurance of agreement he will immediately fend for the
Prince bis Son, not doubting of bis perfeci obedience, to return into this King-
dom.
This Anſwer had a various reception in the Houfe of Commons; it ſtart-
led the Presbyterians, as who found it difficult to effect their purpoſes other-
wife than by and with the King; it tickled the Independents, who did all they
could, by thruſting in harsh words and terms, to make the King indiſpoſed
and averfe to all. Both became very fenfible the King was not the man they
took him for, but a Prince of prudence and refolution; no evil Counsellors
being to be taxed with the penning of this, as their cuftom was, except Duke
Hamilton, and his Brother the Earl of Lanerick, both of whom were very in- ton and the
Duke Hamil
duſtrious in perfwading his Majefty to confent: nay, even better friends than Earl of Lane-
they to the King, who feared this peremptoriness of the Parliament would rick indutri-
grow to fomwhat worfer, were almoft of the fame mind, as far as preferring his Majesty to
ous to work
the fafety of his life would indulge fuch thoughts: whom the Presbyterians confent.
faw there was no way, but by ftrict and undutiful reftraint, to bend to their
will; and the Independents, by treachery and barbarous villanies to break and
utterly to deſtroy.
}
Moſt highly incenfed therefore was the Parliament at this refufal of thoſe
means which they faid their mott elaborate prudence, and diligent ponderation
of every circumftance (after fo long a time) conducing to the King and King-
doms happineſs, had prepared and digefted to fuch an equal temperament of The Faftions
the rights of the King and the people. The King was fcandalized and repor- (candalize the
ted every where as obftinate and perverfe, while nothing but the ipfe dixit of King as being
the equity, juftice,or reafonableness of their Propofitions was produced; nor was obstinate and
the perverſe,
120
Put 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Y
$
The Marqueß
of Montrofs
the Kingdom at all fatisfied with their fhallow fuggeftions. But this ferved the
turn with thoſe who were glad it ſhould be fo, and gratified the Rabble and
the Army, who fearful of a diſappointment of their fhares in the Ruine of the
Kingdom, the hopes whereof had fo long flattered them, more eſpecially by
the better perfwafions and irrefiftibie Arguments of money, they (fufpecting
the Iffue fome while before) prevailed upon the Scots reaſon, and faith, and
honeſty to Boot, who were fo clearly convinced of the Kings refractoriness to
the Counſel of his Parliament in denying thofe Propofitions, that they would
nor could no longer maintain nor abet fuch his perfiftency therein, but would
leave him to the difpofal of his Engliſh Parliament; having first procured from
him an Order and ſevere Injunction to the Marquefs of Montroß to lay down
Arms (though in a probable condition of recovering his late Defeat) and to
accept fuch Conditions as he could procure for him; which indeed were mean,
and full of fecret fraud and revenge against that Noble and famous Captain.
He was forced, in the diſguiſe of his Captains habit, at his prefixed time, to
for Norway, put himſelf on board an old and leaky veſſel, (defigned for him by the Eſtates
follicites for of Scotland, but pretending want of Victual and other neceffaries, while the
the King in
time of his embarquing) and fet fail for Norway, where it pleafed God he arri-
forain Courts,
last betakes ved in ſafety, and after traverfed much ground, folliciting the Kings cauſe in
himself to the feveral forain Courts, where he refuſed all imployments, intent onely upon his
Court of King Majefties affairs; and at laft betook himſelf to the Court of King Charles the fe-
Charles the 2. cond: but of that, and what afterwards happened to this illuftrious Heroe, there
The Earl of is yet room for another Memento.
Lowdon unra- The Scotch Compact being concluded, the Earl of Lowdon very fairly tells
vels the compact the King (till at Newcastle) what he muſt truft to, if he will not comply with
ordered to lay
down bis Arms.
He takes ship
of both Parlia-
ments to the
King.
The Lord Low-
don's speech to
the King.
the offers of the Parliament.
ty
If you refuse to affent, you will lose all your friends in Parliament, lofe the Ci-
and all the Country; and all England will joyn against you as one man : they
will proceß and depofe you, they will charge us to deliver your Majefty to them,
to render their Garrisons, and to remove our Armies out of England'; and fo both
Kingdoms for eithers fafety to agree, and fettle Religion and Peace without you, to
the Ruine of your Majesty and pofterity: and if you lofe England, you will not
be admitted to come and Reign in Scotland. We confeß the Propofitions are
higher in fome things than we approved of, but we fee no other means of clofing with
the Parliament. And immediately thereupon, Inftructions are fent them from
fent from Scot- Scotland, concerning the giving over of the King. It had been debated in
their Parliament, and from thence fent to the Affembly for their advice, by
whom it was remitted in the affirmative, and carried but by two voices in the
Parliament and was accordingly tranfacted at Newcastle and Lon-
don.
Inftructions
land to New
caſtle concer-
ning giving
over the King.
The Scots op-
preß the Nor-
thera Counties.
They agree
with the Par-
But the Scots were not fo willing to be rid of the King, as the Northern
Counties were to be rid of the Scots; of whom, befides free quarter, that Army
had levied 20000 l. a month; an unheard-of rate, and, a moft unreafonable.
Several general complaints had been made, but now they made up a charge of
particulars, with variety of imputation upon them; which being alfo Printed,
the Scots Commiffioners defired the fuppreffion thereof, or fome other repara-
tion; which was, as one may think, well repaid in the fums of money they re-
ceived upon this Contract, which at firft demand was no less than a Million;
liament to de-
but in confideration of a prefent round fum, abated to 400000 l. whereof
liver the King
for 400000 l. 200000 1. to be paid at two payments, the firft upon quitting Newcaſtle (and
they infift upon marching beyond the River Tine) the other upon the delivery of the King,
the fale of De- and their departure out of England, and furrendring Carlile and Berwick: to
Linquents
eftates for fecu- the performance on either part, Hoftages to be given. The Scots infifted upon
rity of perfor fecurity for the remaining 200000l. naming very confcionably and brotherly,
the fale of Delinquents eftates; but the Parliament would not fo undervalue
their credit, nor proftitue it to their luftful eye, caft upon fo fair a partage of
their Conqueft; nor buy the King, and fell his friends. The money they had
mance.
was
1646.
121
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
was enviouſly enough beſtowed on them, being the facrilegious rapine of But ar pud
Church-Lands then expoſed to ſale by Ordinance of Parliament, but conveyed out of Church-
Lands jold by
Army by the order of the General going with it for its Convoy; and accor- ament.
ding to the agreement, the first 100000l. was paid at Northallerton in
in pomp to the place of payment in thirty fix Waggons, fix Regiments of the order of Pa:ti-
December.
Scols.
Not to profecute this fubject further through fo many diverfities, and change The King dili-
of countermines, nor to touch on thofe irreverend Declarations from the Scotch vrd by the
Parliament and Affembly, and their Reaſons as unmannerly, of not admitting
the King into that his Kingdom, it will fuffice to fay, that at laſt they acquaint
ed the Parliament (having received their money) that they were now upon
going home, and defired to know what fervice the Parliament would command
them to the Parliament of Scotland: which the King foreſeeing, and that he
ſhould be thus bafely abandoned by them, he betakes himſelf afreſh to his follici-
tation of his Engliſh Parliament, wherein he faith,
Hepr pufeth.
That he had endeavoured by his Anſwer of the 24th of July laßt, to their Pro·
delivered him in the Name of both Kingdoms, to make his intentions fully fage from
The Kirgs Aief.
pofitions
known. But the more he endeavoured it, be more plainly faw that any Answer Newcastle of
be could make, would be fubject to misinformations, and misconstructions; which the 20th of
his own explanations he is molt confident will give ſuch fatisfaction, as to eſtabliſh December.
upon
a lasting Peace. He propofeth therefore again his coming to London, upon fecurity again his com-
of both Houses, where by his perfonal prefence he may not onely raise a mutual con- g to Lon.
fidence betwixt him and his people; but alſo have all doubts cleared, &c. To con- don.
clude, it is your King who defires to be heard ( the which if refuted to a ſubject by
a King, he would be thought a Tyrant for it ) and to that end which all men
did profefs to defire. Wherefore be conjures them, as they defire realy to shew them-
felves what they profess, as good Christians or fubjects, that they accept this bis
Offer, which he is confident God will fo bleß as to a happy Settlement,
&c.
,
A Reply was fent to the former by Sir Peter Killigrew, one who had beeri
the Parliaments Meffenger throughout; but none to this, the two Houfes being
taken up with the bufinefs of difpofal of his perfon fomewhere elſe, which
was wholly remitted to them by the Negative Reſolves of the Parliament of Scotch Parlia
Scotland, upon the Queftion of the Kings coming into that Kingdom: That ment refolves
the Government ſhall be managed in the fame manner and way as it hath been these concerning the
five years last past, and that freſh Aſſays and all means in the interim ſhall be uſed Kings person.
to make the King take the Covenant. That if he (hall do ſo, yet the taking of it,
or paſſing the Propofitions, will not warrant them to affist him in England; nor
is the bare taking of it fufficient otherwife. That the claufe in the Covenant for
defence of the Kings perfon, is to be understood of the defence and fafety of the King-
dom. That if he refuse the Propofitions, he ſhall be difpofed according to the Co-
venant and Treaty. That he shall execute no power or Authority in Scotland, till
he do figne them, and take the Covenant; and that the Union be kept between both
Nations.
His Majefty gueffing at this their defperate and perfidious deſertion of him,
had founded their Commiffioners then attending him, in what condition or
eftate he was among them, whether at Liberty, or a Prifoner: and put the
Dilemma upon them, If at liberty, why he might not difpofe of himself any-
whither? if in reftraint, what did they mean by his affenting and figning
the Propofitions, which in no cafe could be valid or binding, if agreed by him
while a Priſoner? To this the Scots had nothing to fay, but their Covenant with
the Engliſh, which they might not contravene; and that according to the above
mentioned Refolves, which they now declared, he was to be rendred to fuch
hands as the Parliament of England fhould appoint, who were expected every
day upon that errand. They further excufed themſelves from their reception
and
s
!
1
122
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
A Plot noyfed
of the King's
escape.
The affairs of
Ireland rela-
ted. 150000
men, women and
children massa-
cred by the
Irish Rebels;
the English
Lords of the
Pale fide with
them, Earl of
Leiceſter ap-
pointed Lord
Deputy, and
and admiſſion of his Majefty into Scotland, from the danger and hazard they
might incur, his party being not yet fo disbanded, but that by his neer pre-
fence, and advantage of his perfon, they would refume their Arms and Cou-
rages, and put that Nation in a worſe broyl than before: and for conclufion,
they told him, they were in no condition to entertain him in that ſtate and
dignity due to his perfon; the Treaſure exhaufted, and his Revenews eaten up:
fo that there was but one way for his Majefty to turn, which he might make
hereafter large and convenient enough, by a preſent ſpeedy complyance with
his two Houſes at Westminster.
This made the King to look about him, and to caft about which way to pre-
vent and efchew this ftreight in which the baſeneſs of the Scots had thus en-
gaged him. A deſign was therefore thought on of his eſcape from them; but
it was preſently diſcovered, and the ſurrender of him the rather expedited: for
the Scots were fuch honeſt dealers, that having received their money upon the
bargain, they would not defeat their Chapmen of their purchaſe. A wretched
advantage to either! the Scots never thriving after it, but being totally at laſt
vaffalized and ſubdued; and the Presbyterians in England every day growing
leſs and leſs, till they were ſwallowed up in the Anarchy and Medly of the
following times, and benighted in the fucceeding contufions and Schifms.
We will leave the King thus in the Ballance between England and Scotland,
and croſs over to Ireland, of which little mention hath been yet made, but ſhall
now be remembred in its own feries.
In the first four months of that Rebellion, no lefs than 150000 Men, Wo-
men and Children were Maffacred there by the Iriſh Rebels; an account where-
of hath been publiſhed, taken by the Rebels themſelves, left they ſhould have
feemed more Cruel and Barbarous than indeed they were. Some of theſe Mur-
ders were committed by old English Families Grafted upon Iriſh ſtocks, and
thereby became Roman-Catholicks; fuch as were the Lords of the Pale, who
openly fided with the Irish, and were their Chief Officers and Leaders. The
Earl of Leicester had been appointed Lord Deputy; and he haftned thither; but
appoints the E. fome difficulties intervening, he by Commiffion appointed the Earl (after-
be bis L. Gen. Wards Marquefs, then Duke) of Ormond to be his Lieutenant-General in that fer-
who after ma- vice; who after many ſucceſsful Encounters with the Iriſh (whoſe numbers
ny successful en- maintained the War more than their Valour, (though raiſed by the greateſt
counters con- incentive imaginable, Natural delire of Libertie) from the preffing Calamities
'cludes a ceffa-
tion with the of the Proteftants there, and the urgency of his Majefties affairs in England) had
Rebels in
concluded a Ceffation by order of the King in 1643. Notwithſtanding the
1643, by order Parliament-party and the Scots ftill carried on the War: And to fhew the Iriſh
from the King what they ſhould truft to, the Parliament in 1644, had Arraigned Mac Mahon
The Parl. party
and the Lord Macquire (who a little before had broke out of Priſon, and af-
and Scots car-
ry on the War
ter a months hiding were taken) at the Kings-Bench Bar, where Macquire
there: they ar- infifted mainly on his Peerage, but was over-ruled, and both by a Jury of Mid-
raign Mac Ma-
hon and the 1. dlefex-Gentlemen found guilty, and fentenced for High-Treafon, for which
Macquire,both foon after they were Executed as Traytors at Tyburn. The Lord Inchiquin
wch were execu- and the Lord Broughil condefcended not likewife to this Treaty, but with
ted at Tyburn. intermixed fuccefs ftood out against the whole power of the Rebels, and were
Id. Inchiquin at laft greatly diftreffed. To remedy this, the Lord Lifle, Son to the Earl of
hil in diftreß. Leicester, was now ordered to go for Ireland, with an Army of 8000 men:
The Lord Lifle the Lord Muskerry was likewife General for the Irish in the Southern parts
ordered to go of the Kingdome, who took ſeveral places of ftrength in a ſhort time; where-
with an Army upon the Marquefs of Ormond proceeded to make that Ceffation a kind of
of 8000 men. Peace; it being judged by the Lords of the Council there, not only an ex-
The Ld. Mus- pedient for their fafety (for the Rebels threatned to befiege Dublin) but alſo
kerry Gen. for to divide them againſt one another: the more moderate of them, who had
the Irish. fome fence of the Kings condition, and had not altogether Renounced their
Marqueß of
Ormonds con- Loyalty, being for a compofure; but the Popes Nuncio and the inveterate
verts the Ceffa- Irith, fuch as the Family of Oneal and Macquire, and generally the Popiſh
Clergy®
L.
Lord Broug-
into Ireland
tion into Peace,
1646.
123
England, Scotland and Ireland.
veterate PJ-
Clergy Oppofing themſelves thereto. Notwithſtanding it took fome effect; for it is op led by
the Marquefs perceiving that no good could be done at prefent with the Parlia. the Popah C.er-
ment of England, with whom he had Treated for fupplies and affiftance, and by, and the in-
had in lieu of it offered the Surrender of the places he held, upon conditions, pits.
to them and the Forces they fhould fend, came to agreement with the Rebels
there; and though the King had by his Letters from Newcastle ordered him not
to proceed farther to any conclufion with them, according as the Parliament
had defired him, yet feeing the neceffity of falling into the hands of the Rebels
or the Parliament, and confidering that the King when he writ this was in
reftraint, and ſo his Commands might be difpenfed with, and that the Kings
intention was to be judged better by them who faw the neceffity of it upon
the place, and fo not give way to other mens defigns and falſe repreſentations
of it to his Majefty received thefe Propofitions for Peace following, being
figned in November 1646, from the haughty Irish, who thought themſelves
abfolute.
First, That the exerciſe of the Roman Catholick Religion be in Dublin, and
Drogheda, and in the Kingdom of Ireland, as free as in Paris or Bruffels.
Secondly, That the Council-Table confiſt of Members true and faithful to his
Majesty, and who have been enemies to the Parliament.
Thirdly, That Dublin, Drogheda, Team, Newby, Cathirly, Carlingford,
and all Proteftant Garrisons, be manned by the confederate Catholicks, to keep the
fame for the use of the King, and defence of the Kingdom:
Fourthly, That the faid Counſellours, Generals, Commanders, and Souldiers,
do fwear and engage to fight against the faid Parliament of England, and all the
Kings Enemies, and that they will never come to any agreement with them, to the
Prejudice of bis Majesties rights, or the Kingdoms.
Fifthly, That both parties, according to their Oath of Aſſociation, ſhall to the beſt
of their power and cunning, defend the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom, the Kings
rights, and liberties of the Subject.
Theſe the Iriſh infifted upon, and were held in play, that they ſhould be
granted with fuch Provifoes as fhould become the Kings Honour and Confci-
ence, of which, if that Loyalty they pretended was any way Real, they
ought not to be leſs follicitous than the Marquefs; and in the mean while, the
Peace to be as good as Eftablifhed: which indeed by the faid moderate party 4 half peace
was thenceforward obferved, as to his Majefties Intereft in that King- land.
dom.
A
made in Ire-
Colonel Monck
The Parliament to ftop this Agreement, a little before diſpatcht away the
Lord Lifle, who weary of his Journey at his fetting out, was recalled; but part
of his Army was Tranfported, with whom was Colonel Monck ( the after Re-
nowned General) who being Tampered with, and for his Liberty, having en- is fent by the
dured a long Impriſonment in the Tower for the ſpace of three years, under- Parliament in
took an Employment for the Parliament in Ireland. The Forces fhipped to Ireland.
from Chester were neer two thouſand, accompanied with three Commiffioners
from the Parliament to the Marquefs, who having offered Dublin upon ſome
Terms, which they were to prefent to his Majefty for him to figne; upon non-
performance thereof on their part, by keeping the Paper from the Kings fight,
now refufed the delivery of the City without his Majefties Command: fo that
after a Noble Treatment given the Commiflioners, they for the prefent ceaſed
any further Tranfaction, and fhipped away the faid Forces, under Colonel
Monck, for Belfast in the North of Ireland, where they did very good ſervice
against Oneal and his fellow-Rebels.
The conclufion of this Peace was as ill refented by the Nuncio, and all the The Parliament
faid Popish party, as it was by the Parliament: For the Catholick Armies ha- and Popes Nua-
ving lately had feveral great fucceffes, and neither of the two other King- cio alike un-
doms then in a condition to relieve that of Ireland, thought upon nothing lefs concerned in
than
S 2
the Peace..
124
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
threatens to
The Nuncio
1
than a ſhaking off the Engliſh yoak, which ſo often in former ages they had
attempted, but never had the like probabilities as now: the Clergy therefore,
who were generally addicted to the Spaniard, under whofe protection they
The Spaniard would render themfelves and the Nation, thundered out Excommunication
againſt any that ſhould acquiefce in the ſaid Peace and Agreement, and with an
beſiege Dublin. Army of 17000 Horfe and Foot, refolve, notwithſtanding thereof, to march
and befiege Dublin. This refult begot a divifion among them, as by the Mar-
quefs was afore confulted; but yet to great a ftrength remained to that party
against the Peace, that the faid Marquefs was forced to refume his former Trea-
ty with the Parliament, concerning the delivery of thoſe places he held to their
Commiffioners; who being fenfible how difficult a work it would prove to be-
gin a new Conqueft of that people, if either by force or a Treacherous Peace
they ſhould poffefs themſelves of that little that was left to the Engliſh Prote-
ftant intereft, did labour with the King, the Marquefs, and the Scots, that
there might be no entertainment of any Accommodation with them, being
ready (they faid) to Tranſport over a numerous Army, to reduce and fub-
due that Rebellion; which they pretended had ere long been done, if the
King would have permitted them, by a complyance with their Propo-
Litions.
and his party,
notwithstand-
ing fome divi-
fions among
them, profecute
the war.
The Earl of
Effex dyes,
Sept. 13. fuf-
pected to be
poyſoned. A
Zealous man
for a compofure,
and an able
Souldier.
The King indeed was loth to abandon himſelf and his hopes in that King-
dom, with his Forces in England and Scotland at the fame time, fadly foreſeeing
how the two Houfes would ufe their Victory, and plainly feeing how his Scotch
Subjects had already abuſed him; therefore he with no little reluctancy was
brought to give way to the demand concerning Ireland: but there being no re-
medy, (all the affurances he had from the Marquefs, and the Lord Digby, as
well as from the tranfaction of the Marquefs of Worcester, then Earl of Glamor-
gan, being difappointed by the Rebels falfenefs and Treachery, who indeed
thought of nothing lefs than Peace, whereby the English Forces there could not
be ſpared to his afliftance) he confented to fuperfede and ceaſe all manner of
Treaty with the Enemy as aforefaid; which it is probable they coming to un-
derſtand, did therefore the rather Violate their Accord which fo unwillingly
they entred into, as doubting of the performance of it, it being wholly out of
his Majefties Power and Authority. Whatfoever the matter was, the Lord of
Ormond was at laſt conſtrained (as the leffer Evil) to cloſe with the Parlia-
ment, and ſurrender : of which, and the War profecuted there by them, in the
next year.
The 13 of September, the Earl of Effex (the former General) dyed of an Apo-
plexy, ſuddenly (having for a little while before retired himſelf to his houſe at
Eltham,) not without great fufpicion of poyfon, or fome fuch practice. For
he was known to have had his judgment rectified concerning the Quarrel,and to
have ſtickled for a compofure of the War in the Houſe of Peers, and his influence
on the Army not yet fo weakned, but that he could make a party there to any
defign he should ftand for, and the Reformadoes his faft friends, He was an
able Souldier, confeft; whether ſo much a man, diſputed; the reproaches of his
debility that way, as loud and unmannerly, as the praiſes of his Valour and
conduct were juftly due and renowned, The Royalifis derided him with the
ftile of his OXCELLENCY, jeering him with his two unfortunate
He was unfor Marriages, firft with the Lady Francis Howard, from whom he was divorced
tunately marri
ed to the Lady for his impotency and frigidity, quoad banc, and the Daughter of Sir Amia
Francis How- Pawlet in Wiltſhire, fufpected of incontinency with Mr, Uvedal. Her be
ard, and after had declined himself, who during the War continued at Oxford, while her
wards married Husband was in the field. Nor did he fuffer lefs reproach from the Phanatick
to Sir Amias Rabble, who proffituted his honour at the fame rate; They that were once
moſt highly in love with his perfon, fcorning and contemning him; like adul-
terous fondneſs, which converts into extreme hate and contempt. By them
whom his popularity had eſtranged from their first love to their Prince, was
he alike repudiated, with publike dicteries and reprefentations in Pictures.
Se
Pawlet's
Daughter.
P
1
1646.
125
England, Scotland and Freland,
4
So Tranfitory is Vulgar efteem, grounded no other where than upon levity
and defire of change, the deferved fate of fuch Grandees, who with the fpe-
cious debauchery of good Commonwealths-men and Patriots, corrupt the
minds, and alienate the affections of the Subject, to dote upon the bewitches
and flatteries of Liberty, of which fuch perfons are held forth by their courtefic
and affability to be the main affertors: fo that it may be faid of this Earl, that
he was alike ferved with his wives, and the Commonalty faving that by the laſt
he loft his innocency, and the real honour of his houſe and Family.
But the Parliament (to which the Faction very readily concurred) to make His Funeral for
reparation for thoſe indignities done him, of which they could not otherwife lemnized, oa.
acquit themſelves, ordered his Exequies to be performed in a very folemn and 22 in a magni-
magnificent manner. The Independent party, to colour and allay with the ficent manner.
pomp and honour of his Funerals the envy and fufpicion of his death, not
grudging belike to make a golden bridge for a departing Enemy; as they might
well reckon him to prove to their fucceeding defigns, when his duty to his
injured Prince, and love to his abuſed deluded Country, and indignation of
thofe affronts and contumelies put upon him, ſhould raiſe in him a ſpirit as
able to lay that white Devil of Reformation, as he was to conjure it up in the
dreadful ſhape of an unnatural and difoyal War.
Cineri Gloria fera venit.
Mart.
Mr. Vines.
He was drawn in Effigie upon a Chariot, from Effex-houfe in the Strand, Drawn in Ef
to the Abby-Church at Westminster, (where Mr. Vines an eminent Presbyterian figie pon a
Preached his Funeral-Sermon upon this Text, [Knowest thou not, that a Prince Effex-bonfe to
Chariot from
is this day fallen in Ifrael?] very learnedly and elegantly) moſt of the Parlia- weftminſter-
ment-Nobility in clofe mourning following him on foot, The Effigie was af- Abby, his F-
terwards placed in the uppermoft Chancel in very great ſtate, till a rude vindi- Heral Sermon
tive fellow laid his prophane hands upon it, and to defaced it privately in the Preached by
night, that it was by order removed. Very few condolements were made after, Meft of the
The being like to be foon forgotten, who had neither intereft, nor relation to his Parliament-
Honour, remaining; dying childlefs,and leaving his Eſtate to be divided betwixt Nobility ia
the Marquess of Hertford who married his Sifter, and his Cozen Leicester De- The Effigie pla
clofe mourning.
vereux, after his deceaſe Lord Viſcount Hereford, which onely title of all the reft ced in the
he now enjoys; his Title and Dignity of the Earldom of Effex being transfer- Chancel, and
red long after to the Noble and moſt Loyal Family of the Capels, in the 13th year privately defa-
of King Charles the ſecond.
cd.
The Earldom of
The very foul of Presbytery now departed, that which actuated its mafs and Ellex conferred
matter, the inform Schifm in the Church, to a moſt unnatural divifion in the on the Capels.
State, and armed its hands with Force and violence to propagate its dominion,
The Presbyteri
An Government
and Magifterial ufurpation; when from pretentions of Ecclefiaftical Autho- and Directory
rity, it invaded the Civil Supremacy and Government; it was now culminant, no fooner fet up
and with this great Patron and Champion of it was come to its axμn or full but flighted.
ftop, having been declared by Ordinance of Parliament, for the onely Religion The Ordinance
and manner of Worship in England: but to make an experiment of it onely, for Presbyteri-
the Ordinance was to continue no longer than three years; a limitation which a Government
boded its abolition, and foreſpoke the inconveniences and unſuitableneſs there to be in force
of to our Laws, Manners and Cuftoms. Nothing but the best things are per-
petual, fay the Philofophers, all immoderate things are fhort-lived; and 'twas
a fecret, but mortal wound, this preſcription of time gave to the pretended
Divine Right of Presbytery, which by that Plea muft always be invariable, un-
changeable and indeterminable. But when this firft great Pillar of it fell, ( as
it is obfervable, fuch Great Ones feldome go unaccompanied) it fubmitted to
its period; its great blaze and flames it had raiſed waning into a glimmering and
fufpicious light, lookt upon rather as a Meteor or Exhalation, than any fixed
Luminary, the ill influence thereof confirming our belief. And the Directory
eſtabliſhed the fame time, was clearly fuch an ignis futuus, which was to ferve
as
but three years.
The Directory
established
126.
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
3
The Presbyte-
rian and Inde-
pendent parties
divided.
The Indepen-
dents fubtile
practices.
as a guide to the wandring extemporary excurfions of prayer, not allowing any
certain or fure Form, the onely help and promoter of true Piety and Devo-
tion. It languished for a while after in London, but with fuch lighting and
difregarding, as was due to the worshipful Pageantry of that Motly and time-fer-
ving Ordinance, wherein Presbytery and Independency were fo blended and
moulded together, that the leaft touch would feparate and divide them;as was
prefently feen in the Conteſts between thefe two parties.
It will be therefore requifite to give an account here of the manner and de-
fign of that rupture between them, it proving the rife of all thofe calamities
that after befel the King. The Presbyterians were more numerous, the Inde
pendents more active, vigilant and reftlefs, watching all opportunities, and
preſent both in publike and private Counfels: oft have they wearied out the
Houſe with long unneceffary debates, to unfeaſonable times of night; and
when the Members of the other faction, being tyred and diſeaſed, had with-
drawn themſelves, flipt in a Vote of great concernment, and carried it by them-
felves. If in a full Houfe any thing contrary or deftructive to their defigns was
ready to país, by putting in Provifo's, and perplexing the matter, or by in-
ftance of further confideration of affairs of fuch importance, they fo hinder'd it,
that it dyed an Embryo abortive. Some of the Grandees of the other party they
likewife fo wrought upon, that they became falfe friends to their own fide; the
weaker fort of them they aniufed with fair offers. They fcrued themſelves by
one means or other, by promiſes, preferments, largeffes, into all manner of
perſons who could either hinder or advance their defigns; and when they had
proceeded fo forward by this fmooth way, they attained the reft by Menace
and Threats, and the formidable infolence of their Army, which they had
folely at their Devotion: yet notwithltanding they were threudly put to it, and
countermined by ſome eminent Patriots, whole indefatigable diligence and faga-
city was yet deluded by theſe following Artifices. Their prodigal liberality
of beftowing 5000l. and 10000 1. on fome of the chief of the Presbyterian
Members for their loffes and fufferings, far beyond the value of them, was the
firſt. This clearly begot in them a fupine negligence of their main drift.
Next, they furrogated and fubftituted in the place of thofe Members whom
they had expelled for their Loyalty, men of mean fortunes, and wholly addicted
to, and of the Army, who awed (by drawing their Troops thither,) the
feveral Boroughs at their Elections, by which means they became at lait a com
petent party in the Houfe to carry any thing. But the main Engine was the
Self-denying Ordinance, whereby all Members of either Houfe were difchar-
The felf-denying
Ordinance, by ged from bearing any Office Military or Civil, and obliged to quit all their
which the In- places of profit and preferment, that the publike bufinefs might be better atsen-
dependents out ded. By this fhift they heaved out many eminent Presbyterians, who were
wit the Pres- poffeffed of Places and Offices in the Treafury, Garrifons and Commands of
byterians.
like confequence, and put in their friends, or those whom the profit would
foon render fuch, in their ftead. So that by this device the Presbyterians were
abfolutely ftript of all Power, and were wip'd and cheated out of the Militia,
for which they began the War, and which they had violently wrefted from their
Soveraign. Who cannot here but admire the wonderful fteps and traces of Di-
vine Juſtice?
The Presbyteri
ans Counter-
piot, of disban-
ding the Army.
The Presbyterians were not wholly infenfible whitherto this tended; but
they could not with any pretence of honefty refift the plaufibility of this Ordi-
nance, left they ſhould feem all along to have fought themſelves, and not the
Kingdoms good. A cry very rife and loud, put into the heads of fome Demo-
cratical and Levelling Scriblers of the Fanatick Rabble, by Cromwel and his Privy
Council. They caft about therefore to check and counterplot this grand Stra-
tagem by another as fubtile, and altogether more feifible and neceffary, that
was, to disband the Army, fince they perceived they had loft their Command
and difpofal of it. The Independents had ufed the fame trick with good fuc-
cefs in their modelling and disbanding Colonel Maffey; and the Peace of the
times
1646.
127
England, Scotland and Ireland,
times, and the charge of the Kingdom, did feem more inftantly to require an
end of the War here, as Ireland the tranflation of it thither.
Souldiers.
But the Independent Faction foon fimelt out the defign, and gave notice to Cromwel fents
Cromwel (who was ftill licenſed to continue in all his Commands, his Iron- it, and spreads
fides, by which name he was now called, being OR DINANCE-PROOF, it among bis
of its undoubted effect, if the Army interpofed not. He upon conference
with his Privado Ireton, agrees to fpread it among the Souldiers, and withal
to add their own comment, That the Parliament by the prevailing Vote of
fome unfound Members, were refolved to disband the Army, and cheat them.
of their Arrears, and fend them in a wanting condition into Ireland, to be
Butchered by the Rebels, for having thus faithfully ferved them in England.
And we may foon imagine what a quarrel and hatred this begot in the lump of
the Souldiery againſt the Parliament; but it was beft judged by the irreconcile-
able malice againſt them, which they made appear not long after, in thoſe moſt
infolent and daring affronts, in affaulting, feifing, impeaching, and fecluding
them ſeveral times in the two years enfuing. From this Military rage and in-
dignation they were prefently put upon an unpractifed, and as licentious as
dangerous a defign, even to the Authors themſelves (as it afterwards proved,
though their confident ambition made them venture it) of chufing out two out of They chafe Ad-
each Company and Troop to be their Adjutators, and to draw up the fence of jutatours to
the Army, and to affift at the Councils of War, and adviſe therein for the Peace draw up the
and ſafety of the Kingdom, even to fuch a fawcy degree of ftrange freedom, fence of the dr
as to give their Vote, and to put in their spoke to any debate. This highly at their Coun
my, and aFilt
conciliated them and the whole Army to act whatever was privately ſuggeſted cils of war.
to them by Cromwel, and engaged them alike in the hazard which by thefe def- Cromwel a
perate courſes he was refolved to run; counting it no diminution of his
compleat Poli-
great- tilian.
nefs, if by the baſeft fervilities, and wretched Familiarities, he could attain his
Tyranny.
By thefe ADJUTATORS, or AGITATORS, a Proteftation of
the Army was drawn and publiſhed, where they declared not to disband nor
go for Ireland, until all their Arrears were paid, and the people reſtored to thofe care not to
The Army de.
rights for which they had engaged, and the Kingdom fetled, and Peace fecur- disband till all
ed, by an Act of Indempnity principally for themſelves. Which demands be- their Arrears
ing formed into a Petition (which was pretended to be no more than a Tran- are paid.
ſcript of a nother from feveral Counties to the General to the fame purpoſe) was
delivered to the Houſe by Colonel Hammond, Colonel Rich, and Colonel Ireton.
The Presbyterians now plainly faw what they must truft to, and therefore
put on a good face, and generously fhewed their diſpleaſure of this undutıful
procedures and to cry quits with their Country-cheat, put the County of
Effex, and fome other adjacent, to Petition them to pursue their refolutions of
disbanding. In the intrigues of which affair, we will leave them embroy-
led and proceed to their no lefs perplexed confultation concerning the
King.
>
On the fixth of February the King was delivered, and Newcastle at the The King and
fame time, by the Scots, to the Parliament Commiffioners, whofe names were Newcaſtle
as followeth the Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Denbigh, Lord Mountague, Sir turned over to
Walter Earl, Sir John Holland, Sir James Harrington, Sir John Cook, Mr. the English
Crew, (afterwards Lord Crew of Stene) and Major-General Brown, and two Feb. 6.
Commiſſioners,
Miniſters, Mr. Marshal and Mr. Caryl, whom they might well have ſpared:
Marſhal being an Amphibium or Hermaphrodite of Presbytery and Independen-
cy; to this as a Penfioner, to the other a Chaplain; and was not much unlike Ma-
jor-General Skippon, who had the fame Janus aſpect to the Army and City, to
the laft whereof he approved himself a moft Treacherous friend, as in all other
the fecret practices of the Presbyterians afterward. Caryl was downright
Independent; both of them fo inacceptable to the King, that he would by no
means admit either of them to preach before him; which begat fuch a diſguſt
in Caryl, that he mightily promoted ever after the Independent flander of the
Kings
}
A
}
128
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
Kings obftinacy: Marfbal lived not long after, being difcovered and flighted
by all Parties..
They be the
The Commiffioners having kiſt his Majefty's hand, acquainted him with
Kings had their Order and Initractions to convey him to his houfe at Holdenby, in North-
baad;
be is conveyed
ro Holdenby, bamptonshire; but the King defired New-Market, as more convenient, and near-
act in the way er to London: but understanding he was not at their difpofal, who were tyed
by the General, up by the Parliament,he acquiefced,and withra forrowful mind departed,attended
who alighted with near 1000 Horſe, accompanied by the Commiffioners. On the eighth of
Kings band: the February at night he lodged at Durham, next to Aukland, to Richmond, to
King commends Rippon, to Leeds, to Wakefield, to Rotheram, to Mansfield (whereabouts he
him for a truely was met by the General, who at his approach alighted, and his Majeſty gave
Noble perfon. him his hand to kifs, and this commendation, That he was a truely Noble perfon,
and had kept the Articles and Conditions he had fo fairly given ) to Leicester, and
fo to Holmby; being all the way thither gratulated by the people, as if in a Pro-
grefs. So far was any part of the Kingdom (and thofe had been his fharpeft
and foreſt Enemies) from thinking him the cauſe of their Troubles, ( as he
was afterwards moſt untruly Blaſphemed,) that with all joy and gladneſs ima-
ginable they would have brought him in with their Peaceful Troops, without
more ado, to his innocent Throne, inftead of a Priſon; where, upon his arrival,
Proclamation was made, That none that had affifted him, or deferted the Parlia-
ment, should prefume to come near his perſon.
At the Kings
arrival at
Holdenby, bis
friends are for-
bid to attend
him, his chap
Lains denyed
admittance.
This folitude
the occafion of
his writing
his excellent
Meditations.
Major-General
This folitude gave him opportunity, though (as he faith moſt elegantly
himſelf) fad occaſion for fome of thoſe excellent Meditations in his Eikon
Bafil. particularly that of his reftraint in this place; which was fo much the
more tedious, by their barbarous refufal of admitting his Chaplains, or but any
two of them, to minifter to him in this diftrefs. He had twice fo paffionately,
and with fuch obliging language (that his Chriſtianity paffed on his Regality)
wooed the House of Lords to do him that favour, that they could not in pity
and Piety refufe; but the Houſe of Commons peremptorily withſtood them,
alleaging that thoſe Chaplains would the more indifpofe him, and avert him
from complying with them as to Religion. This denyal grievously troubled
the King; but fince there was no perfwaſion of them, he endeavoured to con
vince their Commiffioners, in whofe company he paſt fome hours of his confine-
ment at Bowles and other exercife; which he in particular affected with Ma-
jor-General Brown, who moft dutifully reconciled himſelf to the King, pro-
teſting his forrow to have engaged fo far againſt him, and his refolution to
Brown recon hazard as much for him if there fhould be occafion. With this Gentleman
ciled to the
and the Earl of Pembroke moſt an end he diverted the durefs of this recluſe life,
King.
He diverts fhewing himſelf pleaſant in the intervals of his ftudying and devotions; and
himself by when the faid Earl fell fick, moft kindly viſited him: but to all of them he
Bowling with
fhewed himſelf ſo affable and courteous in his converfe, fo obliging in his dif
the Earl of
Pembroke and courſe, yet ſo Majettick and Authoritative in his Argumentation and State-
Major-General conferences, that they were all (fave Harrington his ungrateful domeſtick)
Brown. meerly conſtrained to acknowledge their errour, and to profeſs a moft willing
Harrington an obedience for the future to his perfon and Government. Though we fhall con-
ungrateful (er-
clude this year with an indignity done him by their Maſters, who a while be-
The Great Seal fore had caufed the Great Seal of England, which the Lord Littleton had car-
of England
ried to Oxford, to be broke in pieces in the Houfe of Lords; prefuming there-
by to cancel whatever had paffed it fince that time: But it made too deep an
impreſſion to be ſo cafily obliterated, as we ſhall fee in the year 1660.
vant.
broken.
}
*
Анно
1647
129
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Anno Dom. 1647.
Hus had Providence been pleafed to favour the Arms of the Parliament,
by putting all into their hands they had contefted for: we fhall fee them
putting all that under their feet, trampling upon the King, his Prerogative, the
Laws, and the Subjects Liberty. The City of London, their great Magazine,
from whom they had exhauſted ſo much treaſure, expecting now the repleni-
fhing of those veins, and to fee her Exchange filled, ftraight beheld the whole
Trade managed at Goldsmiths and Haberdafher-hall; Mortgages and Purcha-
fes of Land, not Traffick and Returns from Sea, bufying and employing the
furer. Incredible is the mafs of Money ex red from Royalitts tor Compo-
fition: moft barbarous and Italian villany, to make them fwear illegal Oaths,
fach as the Covenant and Negative Oath, directly contrary to that of Allegi-
ance moſt perfidious and abominable Treachery, to deny their Articles, and
by fubornation and Trapans to juftifie themselves; and no fufficed with that,
to profecute the innocent fufferers for their lives alfo, as in the cafe of Sir John
Stawel, and others, whom they kept firft in long durance, feized all their eftates,
and laftly arraigned at their pretended Courts of Juftice.
Et quando uberior vitiorum Copia, quando
Major Avaritie patuit finus ?
A heap of thefe enormities following thick upon the neck of one another, will
wholly take up the enſuing ſheets.
Noftra bac farrago libelli, Juven. Sat. Prima,
This perhaps might be indured by Subjects from their fellows, from the con-
fideration of precedents of other the like Commotions, eſpecially from fuch
ftarveling States-men as thefe; but in prudential manners, they could not be
prefumed to be more cruel to their Soveraign, He had waged no War for the
Juſt of any Favorite, nor exerciſed any Tyranny over his people, but had been
defended and ayded in his juft quarrel, by the Nobleft and moft confiderable
of his Subjects; not abandoned like Edward the fecond, Richard the fecond or
third; but in the decay and declining of his fortune, more intently beloved, by
how much his vertues in fuch a fiery probation became more confpicuous and
relucent. But for all this, he is treated by his two Houſes as one of the worſt,
and moſt undervalued and flighted of all his predeceffors; they vouchſafe not
a thought of him, but what's ſcared with the jealoufie of publike fafety, the
main thing to be attained: it is fufficient for him, that he breathes the frefh
Ayr, theirs is indeed too hot and contagious.
While they thus neglect him ( we ſpeak ſtill of the Presbyterian party, who cornet Joyce
had yet the Major part of the Houfe, and were fure of the Lords to concur feizeth the
with them) the King, by an Audacious Policy, which puzled moſt men what King at Hol-
denby, June 4,
to make on it, is on the 4 of June late at night feized on by a Guard of 1000
men from the Army, under one Cornet Joyce a great Adjutator, who being
very importunate to fpeak with the King, though at fuch an unfeaſonable time,
was at laft admitted; where he declared his Arrand was to remove his Majefties
perfon to the Army, for his and their fecurity. The King told him it was too
late for that night, but in the Morning he would ſpeak with him.
Next morning the King aroſe early, and had conference with the Commif-
The King delis
fioners, who were highly troubled with the news; but their Guards were not berates what
fufficient to maintain them in the refolution of keeping him; onely General to do,
Brown offered to adventure; but 'twas concluded to no purpose; for 'twas not
T
to
130
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
1
+
to be doubted that they who durft attempt fo dangerous a thing, had feconds
neer at hand to reinforce them; and the Houſe was fo guarded, that there was
no hopes neither of his eſcape: fo that the King went down into the Court-
Yard, and after fome few private words with Joyce,asked the Souldiers,By whoſe
Puts leveral
questions to the Authority they came thither. They Anfwered, From the Army. He was inftant,
if from Sir Thomas Fairfax his Army? they continued, From the Army. His
Majefty then replyed, What if I should refuse to go with you, would you compel
me? They Anſwered, We hope your Majelly will not refuſe; but we have com-
mand to bring you. His Majefty concluded, I bave thefe Questions to put to you,
which if you grant, I will go with you.
Souldiers.
He requests
them.
His Majety
takes horse, is
welcomed at
Childerfly by
the General, but
especially by
Cromwel.
The Army fuf-
fer the Kings
friends and
Chaplains to
'attend him.
First, That he might have no violence offered his perfon. To which they all together
ſhouted, and cryed, None, None. Secondly, He defired that his Trunks and
Papers might not be rifled and tumbled, (here were parcels of his Eik-Bafil.
and fome other choice Pieces, as was known fince.) They promised to fet a
guard upon them, and that they should not be touched. Thirdly, He required
Such fervants to attend bim, against whom there were no juft exceptions. They An-
fwered, He, fhould. And Laftly, defired that nothing might be imposed on him
contrary to his confcience. They Anfwered, that it was not their judgment to
force any thing against Confcience on any one, much lefs on his Majefty.
Whereupon his Majefty took horſe, and was conveyed by them to the Head-
quarters at Childerfly, where he was welcomed by the General, but with greater
Reverence and expreffions of Loyalty received by Cromwel, who now plaid
his Mafter-piece of diffimulation, profeffing himſelf a devoted fervant to his Ma-
jefties intereft, and that the ftrangeness of this action of the Army, proceeded
of meer care of his perfon, and out of refpect to his Authority, which they
fhould equally affert with their own rights and the Liberty of the Subject, againſt
any perfons whatſoever.
His Majetty then propounded that they would conduct him to Mewmarket,
the houſe he had formerly defigned to go to, there to expect what judgement
or refolutions his two Houſes would make of his Treaſonable enterpriſe; where-
in though he dealt as warily with Cromwel, as he did fallacioufly with his Ma-
jefty, not ſeeming to look upon it as fo heinous a fact as it was, yet he expected
the Parliament, (if they were abfolute, and not awed; which by this means
would be experimented) to call the principals and complices in it to a ſevere
account, and therefore reſerved himſelf to Cromwel, till he could thence judge
of it; hoping if the Army were maſterleſs, to make better Terms with them,
than he had yet hopes of from his two Houſes; and the Impoftor did not ſtick
to declare as much; which was more manifeſt and eaſier of belief, when all
perfons that were formerly of his fide, without any diftinction, were admitted;
his Chaplains, fuffered to attend him, and the ufe of the Liturgy and Common
Prayer publikely allowed him.
upon the Kings first arrival at the Head-quarters, the General fent to the
Parliament, giving them an account thereof, but withal clearing himſelf from
any
hand in it, and faying as much for the Council of Officers: And 'tis very
crédible he knew not who it was did it, or by whofe direction it was done,
but was informed by his Council of Officers, that now it was done, 'twas very
requifitely and oportunely done, and it being the fence of the Army, he had done
enough in giving them at Westminster (for the Parliament founded no more
at the Head-quarters) an account of Him. But of this preſently at large.
Moft certain it is, that this defigne was laid folely by Cromwel and Ireton,
chief confpira- and perfonated by the Agitatours, fufpected many of them, and that ratio-
tor infizing nally, for Jefuits; who were as good at wicked Plots and Contrivances, as either
of thoſe Catilines; but moft accomplished for execution, having fuch Lawlefs,
yet moft powerful Indemnity, not onely to protect them, but to flroud their
other Confpiracies for themſelves, againſt this Church. and State.
ftrange indeed to confider how many feveral interefts were driven on a-
mong the Belials of this Army, as then, under the appearance of honeſt
and moſt juſt ends; the fame pretence whereof ferved, and was accommodate
Cromwel the
the King.
It is
to
1647.
131
England, Scotland and, Freland.
to each particular combinating againſt the Publike,as fo many lines tending to one
Center: with all which Cromwel wifely temporized, giving fecret encourage-
ment to them all, profefling to intend the fame things, and to be of the Farty,
but that for a while there was a neceffity of concealing his refolutions: To this
purpoſe careffing the Papilts, upon all addreffes or difcourfes with him; as alfo
familiarizing himſelf with the Levellers, as the men indeed that were to do his Cromwel ſets
bufinefs, and were right of his complexion for the fpoyl of the Kingdom, to be up the Level-
compaffed any manner of way, but by fetting up a Government or Laws (for lers.
their projected Democracy was but a more exact method or Rule of Thievery of all
which they moſt abominated Monarchy, as the moſt regular and ſtrict, whole
awful Authority could folely rettrain their loofe and licentious practifes, and
keep the mad vulgar within their bounds from invading all propriety, fecured
by the ancient Tenure of all Lands and Inheritances from the Crown, and the They defigne to
Laws, which their devilish intention was to abrogate and aboliſh, and by a Wild
lay all things
parity lay all things in Common.
But for fuller fatisfaction what this Intrigue or defigne meant, it will be
requifite to confult the King's and the General's, or rather the Armies account
thereof, juſt as it was done: and firft from the Actors, the General and Council
of War.
Sir Thomas Fairfax his Letter.
After Speaker, yeſterday the King was taken from Holdenby by fume Soul-
in common.
Sir Thomas
diers, who brought him thence by his confent, the Commiſſioners going along Fairfax his
with Him: That his Majesty lay that night at Colonel Mountagues, (after Earl Leter to the
of Sandwich,) and would be at New market next day: That the ground of the re- Parliament.
moving the King, was from an apprehenfion of fome strength gathered to force the
King from them, whereupon he fent Colonel Whaley with his Regiment to meet the
King and the Commiſſioners, and to return them back again; but they refuſed, and
were come to Sir John Cuts neer Cambridge. Protefling That this remove was
without his confent or his Officers about him, or the body of the Army, or without
their defire or Privity, and that he will fecure the King's perfon from danger. Fur-
ther alluring the Parliament, that the whole Army endeavours Peace, will not
oppofe Presbytery, nor affect Independency, or to hold a licentious freedom in Reli-
gion, or interest in any particular party, but will leave all to the Parlia
ment.
Tiberius Letters about Sejanus were not half fo myftical as thefe,nor was there
ever ſo daring, braving an attempt done in the face of the Sun, to the face and
perfon of a Prince, fo covered and concealed under fuch obſcurities and pre-
tended ignorances, which rendred the impudence of the action more dange-
rouily fearful, by how much the lefs it was conjecturable what it portended;
nor could the King himſelf at prefent well refolve himself or his two Houſes
in this juncture, as we fhall fee in his acquainting of the Parliament with
it by the Earl of Dunfermling, where he faith, contrary to what Fairfax
before,
That he was unwillingly taken away by a strong party of Horfe: and defired of
the Parliament to maintain the Laws of the Land; and that though he might Mellage con-
The Kings
figne to many things in this condition, yet he would not have them believed till fur- cerning it.
ther notice given by him to his two Houses.
The King imagined they would make uſe of his Authority, by forcing his
confent to fome Propoſals and defignes of Government; but they onely made
a ftalking Horse of his perfon, keeping his intereft, by pretences of refpect to
him, on foot, meerly to countenance their own, and outvy and awe the Pres-
byterian party.
T 2
At
132
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Parliament and
The perplexed At the news of it in London, both Parliament and City were in fuch con-
thoughts of the fufion, and ſo diſtracted, that they might well be excufed from rightly_judg-
City about it. ing of the fact; therefore they firft bethink of remedy: the Houfes order the
Committee of Safety to fit all night, and provide, ne quid detrimenti accipiat
refpublica; and difpatch a Meffenger to the General, requeſting him not to
come neerer London than twenty five miles; for news was brought them they
were upon a ſpeedy March for the City, who at the fame time fhut up their
fhops, run to their Arms, and make a fearful hurry for a while, and then re-
folve to fend Commiffioners likewife, and attend the Iffue in peace: in fuch a
maze did this accident put them.
The Duke of
Richmond, Dr.
Sheldon and
Dr. Ham-
mond, (uffered
to have acceß
to the King.
The Army de-
clare.
In the mean while the King is careffed by the Army, and ſhown in ftate to
the people, who with great joy every where receive him, and applaud the Ar-
my, who to carry their bufinefs the fairer, fuffer fome of his Majeſties old
Friends to have acceſs to his perfon, as the Duke of Richmond, the two Doctors
Sheldon and Hammond, his Chaplains, who Officiated with him in publike, ac-
cording to the Church of England, and divers others of leffer note.
the Parliament take exceptions, and fend again to the General, expoſtulating
the matter, and defiring him to re-deliver the King to the Commiffioners afore
faid, to be brought to Richmond, and there to be guarded by Colonel Roffiters
Regiment of Horſe.
At this
In Anſwer to this, the Army declare, and require (after their like manner
of expoftulation about the Irifh Expedition, and Tranfporting the Army
thither, that it was against former Declarations of the Parliament the
precedent cafe of the Kingdom of Scotland, and the liberty and freedom of the
People)
3
That the Houfes may speedily be purged of fuch as ought not to fit there.
That ſuch who abused the Parliament and Army, and endanger the Kingdom, may
Speedily be difabled from doing the like or worse.
That fome determinate period of time may be fet to this and future Parliaments,
"according to the intent of the Bill for Triennial Parliaments.
That provifion be made that they be not adjournable and diffolvable by any
power but their own confent during their Respective period, and then to determine
themselves.
That the freedom of the people to prefent Grievances by Petition to the Parliament,
may be vindicated.
That the exorbitant powers of Country-Committees may be taken away.
That the Kingdom may be satisfied of the Parliaments accounts for the
vaft fumis received, and in other things where the Kingdom bath been abu-
fed.
3
That after Delinquents have paſſed their Compofitions, an A&t of Oblivion may
be paſſed.
Then they proceed to a Charge against ELEVEN Members; which be-
ing read to them, they ftood up and made defence. Their names were as
followeth :
Denzil Hollis, Sir Philip Stapleton, Sir William Lewis, Sir John Clotworthy,
Sir William Waller, Sir John Maynard, Colonel Maſſey, Mr. Glyn, Colonel Long,
Colonel Edward Harley, Anthony Nichols Efquires all of them active men
for Presbytery, and obnoxious to their future undertakings, and therefore by all
means to be removed.
This was fent up by Colonel Scroop, Okey, Hewson, and Pride, Lieutenant-
Colonel Goff, Major Desborough, Colonel Berry, Clark, Carter, Rolph, Saxby s
to which Charge a Paper was added, wherein they ſet forth, That in pur-
Suance of thefe Reprefentations, they have the heads of the Charge ready, and ſhall
appoint fit perfons on their and the Kingdoms behalf to make it good.
That if the Parliament ſhall admit this Charge, that the perſons impeached may
be forthwith fufpended from fitting in the House, having appeared notoriously to the
prejudice and provocation of the Army.
ぷ
​That
1647.
133
England, Scotland and Freiand.
That another Months pay be fent down.
That if those who deferted the Army, and have engaged for Ireland, have received
more, that the Army be equally paid, and that fuch have no more pay till the Army
are paid their Arrears.
That becauſe of ſecret practices and defignes to raiſe new Forces, and to bring back
to London those ordered for Ireland; That no Forces be raiſed or invited back, or
other Forrein preparations to interrupt the Liberty and Peace of the King-
dom.
That all this be speedily performed; the condition of the Army, the Kingdom and
the King (mark the order) fo requiring.
demur to the
This concerning no raiſing of Forces, &c. was agreed to; but to the fufpen- The Parliament
fion of the Eleven Members the Parliament demur, and anſwer, That by law no
Suspending of
judgment can be given to fufpend thoſe Members,before the particulars of their Charge their Members.
be produced, and proofs made. Nor have thofe Members faid or done any thing for
which the Houfe can fufpend them. Nevertheleſs not to enrage them, the Mem- They for beare
fitting of them
bers forbore of themſelves; whereupon the Army drew off to Berkamſtead, twen-elves.
ty ſeven miles diſtant, and ſo to Uxbridge, having marched the King from Roy-
fton to Hatfield, and fo to Caufam neer Reading.
Earl of Straf-
To this Anſwer of the Parliament, the Army returned, That by the Lams The Army quote
and the precedent cafe of the Earl of Strafford, and the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Cafes of the
( obferve how that blood is thrown or flyes in the faces of the Parliament) and ford, Arch-B.
the Lord keeper Finch (who upon Papers of accufation were fufpended fitting) of Canterbury
they might not be permitted likewife; but are contented as yet, because they of them. and Ld. Keeper
felves have forborn the Hoafe.
From Uxbridge the Army marched to Wickham, in complyance with the de-
fires of the Parliament.
:
Finch.
See here the Villanous Artifices of this Independent faction, to fo neer an
imitation of Machiavel, that they were neither diſcoverable nor refiftible, cheat-
The King and
ing and overpowering the King, the Parliament, the City, nay the whole King-
Parliament
dom at once for while all men ftood at gaze what would be the event, they over-am d by
had fo obliged opportunity by their diligent attendance on her, that they were Cromawel:
bis remarkable
already in fruition of it: for remarkable is that ſpeech of Cromwel, who, upon
notice given him that Joyce had the Kings perfon in bis poffeffion, replyed, Then expreſſion.
1 have the Parliament in my pocket, making fure of his full attainment of all
his ambitious purpoſes, by this aufpicious entrance and beginning of them. For
he dared now to fhew his teeth,and manifeft that quarrel with the Presbyterians,
which had feftred inwardly fo long; and by widening the rupture, give vent
to that filthy matter encloſed betwixt them: All which cannot better be laid
open, than the excellent Pen of the King hath done it, in this enfuing Medita-
tion thereupon.
Hat part God will have me now to act or ſuffer in this new
W
and Strange Scene of affairs, I am not much follicitous
Some little practice will serve that man, who onely ſeeks to preſent
part of honesty and honour.
His Majeſties
Meditation on
3 the defignes of
the ſeveral fa-
a
This furprize of me tells the World, That a KING cannot be fo
Low, but he is confiderable; adding weight to that Party where he
appears.
This motion, like others of the times, feems excentrick and irre-
gular, yet not well to be refifted or quieted: Better ſwim down fuch a
Stream, than in vain to ftrive against it.
Theſe are but the ftruglings of thoſe Twins, which lately one womb
encloſed, the younger striving to prevail againſt the elder : what the
Presbyterians have hunted after, the Independents now feek to catch
for themselves.
So
Etrons:
1
I
1
13+
A Chlonicie of the Civil quars of
Part I.
So impoffible is it for Lines to be drawn from the Center, and not
to divide from each other, fo much the wider, by how much they go
farther from the point of union.
That the builders of Babel ſhould from divifion fall to confuſion, is
no wonder; but for those that pretend to build Jerufalem, to divide
their tongues and hands, is but an ill omen, and founds too like the
fury of thofe Zealots, whofe inteftine bitterneß and diviſions were
the greatest occafion of the last fatal deftruction of that City.
Well may I change my Keepers and Prifon,but not my captive condi-
tion; onely with this hope of bettering, that those who are so much
profeffed Patrons for the Peoples Liberties, cannot be utterly against
the Liberty of their King: what they demand for their own Confcien-
ces, they cannot in reafon deny to mine.
In this they feem more ingenuous than the Presbyterian Rigour,
who, fometimes complaining of exacting their Conformity to Laws,
are become the greatest Exactors of other mens fubmiffion to their no-
vel Injunctions, before they are stamped with the Authority of Laws,
which they cannot well have without my confent.
'Tis a great Argument that the Independents think themselves má-
numitted from their Rivals fervice, in that they carry on a buſineſs
of fuch confequence, as the affuming my perfon into the Armies cufto-
dy, without any Commiffion, but that of their own will and power.
Such as will thus adventure on a King, must not be thought over-mo-
deft or timorous to carry on any defigne they have a mind to.
Their next motion menaces and Scares both the two Houſes and
the City; which foon after acting over again that former part of
tumultuary motions, (never questioned, punished, or repented) muft
now fuffer for both; and fee their former fin, in the glass of the pre-
Sent terrours and distractions.
No man is fo blinde, as not to fee herein the hand of Divine Ju-
ftice; they that by Tumults firft occafioned the raising of Armies,
must now be chaftened by their own Army for new Tumults.
So hardly can men be content with one fin, but add fin to ſin, till
the latter punish the former. Such as were content to fee me and
many Members of both Houfes driven away by the first unsuppressed
Tumults, are now forced to flie to an Army, to defend themſelves
against them.
But who can unfold the Riddle of ſome mens justice? the Mem-
bers of both Houses who at first withdrew, (as my felf was forced to do).
from the rudeness of the Tumults, were counted defertours, and outed
of their places in Parliament.
}
Such as stayed then, and enjoyed the benefit of the Tumults, were
all afferted for the onely Parliament-men: now the flyers from, and
forfakers of their places, carry the Parliamentary Power along with
them, complain highly against the Tumults, and vindicate them-
felves by an Army; fuch as remained and kept their flations, are
looked upon as Abettours of Tumultuary infolencies, and Betrayers of
the freedom and Honour of Parliament.
They will find that Brethren in iniquity are not far from becoming
infolent
...
1647.
135
England, Scotland and Freland.
+
infolent Enemies, there being nothing harder, than to keep ill men
long in one minde, &c.
The King, as before, defired the free enjoyment of what company exception-
lefs he ſhould need, wherein in part he had been gratified (though to avoid
offence the Duke of Richmond had withdrawn himself:) he thought fit there-
fore by a more equitable requeft to defire the company of his Children, which the His Majesty
Parliament had denied; which the General civilly undertook, in this Letter.
I
MASTER SPEAKER,
defires his chil
drens company.
Fairfax his
Letter eo the
dren.
to
Was fent unto by the King on Fryday last, to defire the Parliament to give him Sir Thomas
way to fee his Children, and that they might for that purpoſe be ſent unto him.
If Imay be bold humbly to offer my opinion, I think the allowance of fuch a thing Parliament
raay be without the least prejudice to the Kingdom,and yet gain more upon his Majesty con rning the
than by denying it. And if it be in the Prayers of every good man, that his heart Kings defire of
may be gained, the performance of fuch Civilities to him is very fuitable to those feeing his Chit-
defires, and will bear well with all men, who if they can imagine it their own cafe,
cannot but be ſorry if his Majefties natural affection in ſo ſmall a thing ſhall not be
complied with, I engaging for their return within what time the Parliament ſhall
limit. Denies (occafion being taken hereby by fome) any underhand contract or
bargain with the King, and aſſures them of their Fidelity to them and the Kingdom ;
nothing being ſo likely to Jettle an agreement and peace, as an accord betwixt them
and the Army, which they hall study to preferve. What is done in reference to a just
confideration and fettlement of the Kings Rights (he first giving his Concurrence
to fecure the Rights of the Kingdom) is declared in our Remonstrance, fince which
Several Addreffes have been made to him by feveral Officers, to clear the intentions of
Such Papers as the Repreſentation and Remonstrance, whereunto his Majeſty might
make any question, but no bargain of advantage for our ſelves, having thereby ut-
terly diſclaimed any fuch thing: But the onely intent and effect of thoſe Addreſſes,
bath been to defire his Majefties free Concurrence with the Parliament for establishing
and fecuring the Common Rights and Liberties, &c. and to affure him (that being
done) that it is fully agreeable to their principles, and that they ſhould be de-
firous, that in fuch fetling of the publike, the Rights of his Majefties Royal Family
Should be alfo provided for. And that as we had declared, fo in general, if things
came to a fettlement, we ſhould not be wanting in our Sphere, to own that ge
neral defire in any particulars of Natural or Civil Rights to his Majefties Perfon
or Family, which might not endanger the publike. And in the mean time, that his
Majefty fhall finde all perſonal reſpects and civilities, and all reaſonable freedom
from us, that might stand with fafety, &c. And for that particular of the Duke of
Richmond and his two Chaplains, Doctor Hammond and Doctor Shelden, lately
admitted to attend his Majesty, it was not done without much reluctancie,because we
doubted we might therein be misunderstood by the Kingdoms best friends. But upon
bis Majefties continual importunity, we did allow him fuch Company, of perfons
least dangerous, fuch as we hoped would not do ill offices, and in whom his former
acquaintance might cauſe him to take pleaſure, being both reaſonable and just; and
the debarring of that liberty especially of his Chaplains, would but make him the
more prejudiced against their Ministers.
In general, we humbly conceive, that to avoid all harſhneß, and afford all kinde
uſage to hu Majefties Perſon, in things confifting with the peace and ſafety, &c. is
the moſt Chriſtian, honourable and most prudent way; and we think that tender,
moderate, and equitable dealing both towards his Majesty, his Royal Family, and
late Party (fo far (again) as may stand with the fafety, &c. ) is the moſt hope-
ful courſe to take away the feeds of War, future feuds amongst us for Pofterity, and
to procure a laſting Peace, and fettle Religion, &c. And if God ſhall make us in-
·ftrumental thereto, we shall thenceforth account it our greateſt happineß and honour
(if God fee it good) to be difengaged from any publike employment whatfo
\ eper.
This
售
​1
136
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
•
A Letter from
This in the name of the Army, or at leaſt moſt confiderable part there of.
In this Letter he likewife encloſed another from the King to the Duke of
the King to the York, wherein he ordered him to ask leave of the two Houſes, for Him, his
Duke of York Brother, and Sifter, to come and fee Him, if but for a Dinner-time, acquaint-
incloſed.
ing him, that if the Parliament fhould make any fcruple for fear left the Army
ſhould detain them alfo, that he had affurance from the General and other
principal Officers (fuch caution was then neceffarily uſed, for they did what
they pleaſed without the General) that they ſhould freely return according to
the time limited, to their Governour the Earl of Northumberland, who then
kept them by a ſmall allowance out of his Majefies Revenue, at his Mannor of
St. James. By the mediations of the General, who could do more with a
word, than the King by a Proclamation, he had the pleaſure, or rather favour
done him to fee them at Maidenhead, where they dined with their Father, and
thence went with him to Caufam, a houſe of my Lord Cravens, where for two
days they were difpented with in his company, and then remitted to their for-
mer tuition and cuftody. He was vifited alfo, fome while before, by his Ne-
phew the Prince Elector Palatine (eldeſt Brother to the Princes Rupert and
Maurice) who had all along continued from his coming over laft, in the
Parliaments Quarters, allowed by them a ftipend of 8000 l. per annum, till in
1649. after the murther of his uncle, they diſmiſt him into Holland.
The King enjoys
his childrens
company two
days.
His Nephew the
Prince Elector
· Palatine vifits
bim.
The Armies de-
Signe upon the
City of Lon
don.
The Citizens
Petition the
Lord Mayor
behalf of the
King and the.
Army.
To digress a little to the review of the Generals Letter, but the product of
Iretons brain, who was Secretary all along to theſe whidling and fallacious
Paper-Kites; no less than ten Salvo's or Reftrictions to the refettlement of the
King: yea to curry with him, fetting forth a neceffity of vindicating his juſt
rights, and the equity of their declaring for them; ftill not meaning the per-
formance of the leaft Syllable they writ or uttered in his behalf. They defire
not to be miſunderſtood, and it is impoffible for any man to underſtand them
aright, their Language and Actions being fo diftanced: yet fo plaufible and
fwimmingly they carried it, that no Party was diſobliged fave the Presbyterian,
with whom upon any flender pretences, they defired and had offered to be at
open defiance. But their conclufion of this Epiftle bewrayed all, and gave fome
light to thofe defignes in the dark behind, in that they fo voluntarily offered to
disband, and to take it for an honour to be difmift, (though with a Referve of
a Settlement) when as a more honourable fervice, and a moft Chriftian work,
of affifting their poor Countrymen in Ireland, was with fo much indignation
and mercileſneſs upbraided and refuſed by them, But of this enough.
The Armies now thinking the King fecurely confident, turned their defignes
upon the City, which feeing they could not feparate from the Parliament, and
becaufe the late purge of the 11 Members had not awed them fufficiently;
(though they had patiently enough put it up, confidering their infolence to the
King, on his demand of their Five Members) the Country being lulled alfo
by their pretences, they by a Remonftrance demand the Militia of London to
be put into other hands: which infolent bravado inftigated this Petition to the
Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, &c. of the City of London; being ftiled,
The humble Petition of the Citizens, Commanders, Souldiers, and Officers, in the
Regiments of Trained-bonds, and Auxiliaries, Apprentices, Sea-Commanders,
Sea-men and Water-men of the fame City.
That your Petitioners taking into ferious confideration, that their Religion, bis
Majesties Honour and Safety, the Priviledges of Parliament, and Liberties of the
in Subject, are at prefent greatly endangered, and like to be destroyed; and alfo fadly
weighing with our felves what means might likely prove the most effectual to pro-
cure a firm and laſting Peace, without a further effufion of Chriſtian Engliſh-blood :
We are therefore entred into a folemn Engagement, which is hereunto annexed; and
do humbly defire, that this whole City may joyn together, by all Lawful and poffible
means, as one man, in hearty endeavours for his Majesties prefent coming up to bis
two
·
1
1647.
England, Scotland and Ireland:
two Huses of Parliament, with Honour, Safety, and Freedom, and that with-
out the approach of the Army; there to confirm fuch things as he hath granted in
bis Meffage of the 12th of May last [which was his Antwer to the Prepofitions
from Holdenby, not inferted, becauſe infignificant to that unreasonablenefs of
the Parliament, being loth to weary the Reader with the Kings unwearied
defires after Peace to no purpoſe ] in Answer to thofe Propofitions of both King-
doms: And that by a perfonal Treaty with his two Houses of Parliament, and the
Commiſſioners of Scotland, ſuch things as are yet in difference may be speedily fettled,
and a firm and lasting Peace established. All which, we defire, may be prefented to
both Houses of Parliament from the Honourable Aſſembly.
137
The Solemn Engagement, fo was it called, run thus: Whereas we have en- The faleme Tn-
tred into a Solema League and Covenant. for Reformation and Defence of Religion, agement of the
the Honour and Happineß of the King, the Priviledges of Parliament, &c. All which City.
we do evidently perceive not onely to be endangered, but ready to be destroyed; we
do therefore, in pursuance of our faid Covenant, Oath of Allegiance, Oath of every
Free-man, and Proteftati n., Solemnly engage our ſelves, and Vow unto Almighty
God, that we will to the utmost of our power ardently endeavour, that his Majesty
may speedily come to his two Houfts of Parliament, to the end here specified. For
effi Eting whereof, we do proteft, and re-oblige our felves, as in the prefence of God,
the fearcher of all hearts, with our Lives and Fortunes, to endeavour what in us lies,
to pr. ferve and defend his Majeflies Royal perfon and Authority the Priviledges,
&. and the Cities of London and Weltminit r, and Lines of Communication, and
all other that shall adhere to us in the faid Engagement. Nor shall we by any
means admit, fuffer, or endure any kind of Neutrality in this common Caufe of God,
the King, and Kingdom, as we do expect the bleſſing of God, whoſe help we crave,
and wholly devolve our ſelves upon, in this our undertaking:
This was the honeſteſt, and moſt genuine aſpect, as to the fair pretences of
the Covenant, Presbytery ever appeared in; here being fome realities of thoſe
many fmblances that Party had made before, and fhewed that there was a fober
mifled number, and that for the major part too, who were onely Church-dif-
fcnters, hurt onely in their opinions, not feftered or corrupted in their affe-
ctions to the State, the Kings Perfon and Government. For they profecuted
this Confederacy to vigoroutly, (and with all manner of diligence, openly aver-
ring the juftice and equity of his Majetties offers, lifting and encouraging all
men to a prefent undertaking of his quarrel, of which more particularly by
and by) that the Independents perceiving the fudden dangerous confequence
thereof, they prevailed upon the Houfes in a Vote, (which they wire-drawed
by arguments of the indignity and affront, and breaches of Priviledge of Par-
liament, by fuch illegal and Tumultuous Combinations) and got it digefted in
a Declaration, forbidding all ſubſcriptions to the faid Engagement. See it here
tranfcribed.
Saturday 14 July 1647.
The Lords and Commons having seen a printed Paper entitled, A Petition to the A Declaration
Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, &c, and the names of divers Citizens, &c. of the Lords
together with a dangerous Engagement of the fame perfons by Oath and Vow, con- and Commons
cerning the Kings prefent coming to the Parliament, upon terms far different forbidding fube
from thofe which both Houses, after mature deliberation, have declared to the Engage
fcriptions to
> neceffary for the good and fafety of the Kingdom; cafting reflexions upon ment.
the proceedings both of the Parliament and Army, and tending to embroil the King-
dɔm in a new War: And the Lords and Commons taking notice of great endea-
vours uſed by divers ill-affected perfons to get ſubſcriptions thereunto, whereby well-
meaning people may be mifled; do therefore declare That whofoever after publica-
tion, or notice bereof, ſhall proceed with, or promote, or fet bu name to, or give
V
confent
138
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
؟
conſent that his name be fet to, or any way joyn in the faid Engagement, hall be
deemed and adjudged guilty of high Treaſon, and ſhall forfeit Life and Eftate, as
in cafes of high Treafon accustomed.
Mark how eagerly they fall upon men, the very fame perſons, credibly,
whom at firſt they had put upon the very fame courſe to commence our Con-
fufions: that is now by their Authority high Treafon, which by their Lawleſs
perſwaſions, then, was but the Liberty of the Subject, the birth-right of Eng-
liſh Free-men. A good caution for the Vulgar, and for fuch Democraticks alſo,
how they imbibe, or how they inftil fuch dangerous and leud ſuggeſtions not
warranted by Law, which every unhappy emergency or diſpleaſing event may
retort upon their own heads; as was moft apparent in the enfuing Tumults,
which the King excellently obſerves as a juft judgement of God upon the Au-
thors and Actors of the like violences and infolences against himſelf in the bc-
ginning of our Troubles.
But the City of London were not ſo ſcared with this Ordinance, as they
thought they would be; the cauſe of their difcontent not onely not cealing,
but being more exafperated, by a juftification of the injuries they were refolved
to redrels; they continued their Subfcriptions; and while the Army was yet
at fome diſtance, and abundance of cafhiered Officers, (the Presbyterian party
in Parliament being fome time before furprized in a Vote, whereby all Officers
and Souldiers not of General Fairfax's Arty were disbanded from their Com-
mands) and old Reformadoes of the Earl of Effex's now in the Town, to
The rahneß attempt the execution of what they had fo publikely declared. A great and
and precipitan- fatal over-fight, in lying fo open to fo fubtle and cunning an Enemy, whom
cy of the city. they needed not to have valued, if by equal and confiderate progreffions, they
had filently advanced their enterprize, not precipitated it with noife, and pre-
fumptuous oftentation. For the City was furnished with men, both Souldiers
and Officers, as expert, daring, and ready for fuch a piece of Service, aš
they could have defired. In fome, their recent animofities for thoſe cheats
put upon them by taking away their Commiffions, in recompence of their
good fervice: In others, a true and rectified ſenſe of what they had done a-
miſs againſt the King: In others, and the moſt indifferent, the very Employ-
ment it felf, which was fure to be gainful, by the certainty of Pay. But be-
fore they could be formed, or the defigne digefted into that formidable appea-
rance which the other Faction jealoufly dreaded, the Plot was ſpoiled by a Tu-
multuous Rabble, who on the 26 of July, (a Petition being delivered that
and Rabble Tu- morning to the Parliament for the fettlement of the Militia, as of the 4 of May
mult the Parli- by that Committee of Citizens) ran down to Westminster, and forced the Houle
ement-Houfe. of Commons to comply with their Commands, the Lords having granted that
Petition betore.
The Prentices
For on the 26 of July, the Parliament had made an Ordinance whereby the
Militia of London was changed, and put into the hands of a mixt number of Pres-
byterians and Independents, but where the latter were molt prevalent; reverſing
thereby their Ordinance of the fourth of May, which had vefted it in the Lord
Mayor, &c. for that year. From difguft of this change, the occafion of this
Riot was taken; firft therefore, the Speaker thinking to leave the Chair, and
depart at the noife of their coming, a man of a covetous mind, who being in
fear of being questioned for feveral fums of money purloined from the Publike,
and wifely foreſeeing the Army would have the better of it, ftuck to that Party
(though he had alfo held intelligence with the King formerly) firmly for the
future) was ſeized on by them, forced to return to his Chair, and there, with
the like compullion of the rest of the Members, to Unvote that Ordinance for
the change of the Militia, which now ftood entruſted in the faid hands before,
as if that Ordinance had never been. Next they obtained another Vote, where-
by that Declaration againſt abetting, carrying on, or fubfcribing to the ſaid
Engagement, under penalty of high Treaſon, was annihilated. Yet not con-
tent with this, (which had not done any great mischief, and feemed another
matter,
1
1647.
139
England, Scotland and Ireland.
matter, no way relating to the King, whofe intereft was to be carryed on by
the faid fpecious ſhows, though honefted otherwife than thofe of the Army,
with whom the counterparts of the faid deceits were to be practifed, and their
juggles colluded) a madder crew of the ſaid multitude, juft as the Houſe was
rifen, and after the Speaker had adjourned it, did conftrain them back again,
and both Lords and Commons to Vote this Refolve; That bis Majesty shall
come to London forthwith to Treat. To the follicitation and forcing whereof,
The Ind per-
it was more than ſuſpected, that the multitude was inftigated by the Fanaticks, dents bave a
who had mixt and diſperſed themſelves among them for that purpoſe; it being hand in the
clearly befides the firſt intention of that Tumult; which nevertheless yet cealed Tumults.
not, till the Sheriffs with what force they could get together (the Militia then
unſetled, through the contradicting Order of Parliament) pacified them, and
brought the Speaker home in ſafety.
The Lords, who had been more ready to this complyance with the City, es
ſpecially as to the Militia, it being its custom all along before the faid alteration,
to name their Commiffioners for the Parliaments approbation; and becauſe
they ſmelt the Armies defigne in it, (whofe partakers in the Houfe of Commons
faid, that otherwiſe there was no ftopping them from coming to London, which
they had hitherto in duty forborn, and greatly magnified as their reſpectful ob-
fervance of the Parliaments Commands) adjourned from the 26, to the 30 of
July, the Commons to the next day the 27 where they fate quietly, and ad-
journed to the ſaid time with the Lords. And the next day being Wedneſday,
the Monthly Faſt, they oblerved it at their uſual Churches of St.Peters Abbey,
and St. Margarets Weſtminſter.
On Friday many of both Houfes met accordingly, where of the Commons ap- The Parl. chafe
peared 140. but the Speaker was miffing, and the Houfe after fome inquiry was new Speakers.
The former
informed that he was gone to the Army, fetcht thither it ſeems by this menace
Speaker to the
from Cromwel, That if he did not comply with their defignes, he would cause the Commons men1-
Army to impeach him, for cozening the State of many vaft fums of money. The Earl ced by Crom-
of Mancheſter, Speaker likewife to the Houfe of Lords, was gone the fame way:
Both Houſes thereupon, without more hefitation,chufe two new Speakers, which
were the Lord Grey of Wark for the Lords,and Mr. Henry Pelham for the Com-
mons, who wanted 40 of their number that were Army-driven; and then pro- of Wark chen
ceeded to Vote, and Act as a Parliament.
;
old Speakers go
old Speakers go
The Lord Grey
wel. Both the
to the Army.
Speaker to the
Lords, Mr.
Hen. Pelham
The first thing they did as fuch, and as became English-men, was to Vote the Speaker for the
re-admiffion of the 11 Members who had fubducted themſelves; and then they Commons.
revived and fet up again the Committee of Safety, by Ordinance of both Hou- The Parl. Pate
the re-admiffion
fes, enabling them to joyn with the Committee of the restored Militia of London of the 11 Mem-
giving them power to Lift and raiſe Forces, to appoint Commanders and Offi- bens.
cers, and to Iffue forth Arms and Ammunition, for defence of both Houfes and The Committee
the City, against all that ſhould invade them.
of Safety Set up.
Tumults in
This would clearly have done the buſineſs, had not their openness before, London about
layd the rubs and obftacles in the way, which fo much time of preparation lifting of For-
againſt it had contrived. For while the City was in a great divifion by the ces.
fticklers of Independency, yet carrying on their levies, having appointed Major-
General Maffey and Poyntz to Command in chief the Forces fo to be raiſed, who
were lifted at Guild ball; feveral multitudes of Fanaticks broke in, and diftur-
bed the Court of War, to ſo great an affront, that the two Major-Generals were
forced to draw their Swords, and wound fome of thoſe Tumultuaries, before
they could be quiet; and were ſcarce returned to their feats before they had no-
tice of the approach of the Army, who in fcorn of the Parliaments Com-
mands of keeping at 30 miles diftance, were approached to 10, and had appoin- The Army ap-
ted a Rendezvouz on Hounsloe-heath. This Alarm begot ftrange and different proach within
paffions in the Citizens: the wealthier fort began to flinch from thoſe refolutions 10 miles of
of adhering to their Engagement,to fave their bags; nothing being more vogued
among
V 2
London.
140
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
}
The Kings De-
claration clear-
ing himself of
any designs of
Ivar.
He as a Neu-
Affine of Divine
Providence.
among the people, than that the City would be plundered, as it was given out
by fome of the Grandees of the Army: but the Military-men, and thofe of
meaner fortunes, feemed to take courage from the nearness of the danger, offer-
ing to meet it; and if the pufillanimity of the Court of Aldermen had not hin-
dred, Maſſey would have given the Army, then quartering (part of it) on this
fide Braynford, a falute or Camifado, by that means to make the Rupture wide,
and paſt the cure of a reconciliation.:
Nevertheleſs the defenfive part, from their own concerns, they undertook,
guarding the Works and Fortifications round the City, quartering feveral re-
ferves in whole Regiments in the fields, more particularly thoſe parts nearest the
Army, out of dread of another Wat Tyler, or Jack Cade with his Rebel-rout,
(a judgement this famous City hath been more fubject to than any City in the
World, moft of which have often fuffered by their own inteftine divifions) but
were in fine glad to feek Peace, (betrayed at their own doors by one Hard-
wick, Colonel of the Southwark-Regiment, and who then guarded the Works
on that fide, which were opened to Colonel Hewfon ;) by their Commiflioners
Fouk, Gibs, and Estwick, (acceptable men to the Army, for they durft not for
fear of a difmiffion re infecta fend others) then attending the General at Hounfloe.
The King hears this, and to avoid the Scandal of theſe Uproars, which he in
prudence did fee primarily concern others, though they would right or
wrong be Loaded upon him, emitted this Paper to clear himſelf from
them.
T
Here having been many Rumours Spread, and Informations
given, which may have induced many to believe, that We in-
tend to make War against Our Parliament; We profeß before God,
and declare to all the World, That We always have, and do abhor all
Such defignes; and defire all our Nobility and Commoners who are
here upon the place, to declare whether they have not been witneſſes
of as frequent and earnest Declarations and Profeffions to this pur-
pose, whether they fee any colour of preparations and Counfels that
might reasonably beget a belief of any fuch defigne, and whether they
be not fully perfwaded that We have no fuch intention, but that all
Our endeavours (according to Our many Profeffions) tend to the
firm and conftant Settlement of the true Proteftant Religion, the juft
Priviledges of Parliament, the Liberty of the subject, the Law, Peace,
and Prosperity of this Kingdom.
This even courfe of the Kings, and conftancy to himſelf fo well known to
ter attends the the Army, made them fpeak lefs to the Kings prejudice in the altercation about
the priviledges of Parliament, of which they now (forfooth) were the main
affertors; fo that the King, as he got nothing, loft as little by this brangle be-
tween both Parties, neither of them having whereon to faften any cavil on the
King in this matter, who without medling with their differences, further than
his own private defcants upon them, awaited the Iffue of Divine Provi-
dence.
The Fugitive
Members fit in
Council with
the Army.
The Armies De-
claration.
The Army therefore, the better to proceed and countenance their Rebellion,
His Majefty and Parliament being made a meer Cypher, invite and engage the
two Speakers and Fugitive Members, to fit in confultation, and paſs Votes pro-
mifcuously with the Council of War in the nature of a Parliament; and to
Signe an Engagement, dated the 4 of August, to live and dye with Sir Thomas
Fairfax and the Parliament and Army, both under his Command; affirming
therein, that generally throughout, their fenſe agrees with the Declaration of
Sir Thomas Fairfax and his Council of War, which fhewed the grounds of their
preſent advance towards the City of London. In this Declaration the Council
of
1647.
141
England, Scotland and Ireland.
of the Army took upon them alfo to be the Supream Judges of the Parliament,
difcriminating whom of the two Houſes they held for perfons in whom the
publike truſt of the King remained, and by whofe advice they meant to govern
themſelves in managing the weighty affairs of the Kingdom. They highly.
reſent the late choice of a new Speaker by thoſe Gentlemen at Westminster; and
fay, that as things now ftand, there is no free nor legal Parliament fitting, fuch
being through the violence of the 26 of July ſuſpended. That the Orders and
Votes, &c. paffed the 29 of July laft, and all fuch as fhall pafs in this Affembly
of Lords and Gentlemen at Westminster, are void and null, and ought not to be
fubmitted unto.
This Remonftrance was the fecond to a Letter to the Lord Mayor and Court
of Aldermen, upbraiding them with the late Tumult, as Enemies to the Peace of the
Kingdom, Treacherous to the Parliament, and unable to fecure that, or themſelves ;
and therefore demanding the City to be put into their hands, to which purpose they
were then on their way. And to brave the City to a furrender, their General fends
out Warrants to raiſe the Trained-Bands of the near Counties to march with Fairfax fends
him against the City and both Houſes, although fuch Bands were not under pay Travrants for
of the Parliament, and fo not under any Command of the General by any Or- the Trained-
der or Ordinance. But armed violence was not to be stopt with Lawyers niceties. A Bands to march
Bumkin in a Leather-doublet, must be a Red-coat; by the fame rule, that Foxes have against the
Horns.
city.
ditions.
This brought the City to the expected fubmiffion, by which they obtained the city fub-
(and thank you too) theſe moſt diſhonourable Conditions: That they should mits, on diſho-
yield to defert the Impeached Members, call in their Declaration newly publiſhed, nourable Con-
relinquish their Militia, deliver up all their Forts and Line of Communication to
the Army, together with the Tower of London, (which they had fo clamorouſly
and impudently extorted out of the Kings difpofal ), and all the Magazines
and Arms therein; disband all their Forces, and turn all the Reformadoes out of
the Line; withdraw all their guards from the Parliament, and receive ſuch guards
of Horfe and Foot within the Line,as the Army ſhould appoint to guard them; demo-
lish their Works, and ſuffer the whole Army to march through their City: all which
were fuddenly and dilhonourably yielded to, and infolently executed; the
Souldiers marching in Triumph, with Bays in their Hats, through all the prin-
cipal ſtreets of the City, boatting of their civil march as a great courteſy, when
there was men enough, if they had offered to Plunder, to have caten
them.
This envious difdainful Triumph being over, the next work was to refeat The Fugitive
the Fugitive Members, whom the General himself brought to both Houfes with Members refea-
a ftrong party, (the two Palaces filled with Souldiers, and double Files clean and the former
ted Aug. 6.
through Westminster-hall up to the ftairs of the House of Common, and fo speakers placed
through the Court of Requeſts to the Lords Houfe; the Souldiers looking fcorn- by the General.
fully upon many of thefe Members (as they were inftructed to know them)
that had fate in the abfence of the Speakers) and feated the Speakers relpective-
ly in their Chairs, and was by them, in return, placed in a Chair of State,
where they gave him fpecial thanks for his fervice to the Parliament; and like- The Parl. ap-
wife appointed, to fignalize his defert, a folemn day of Thankſgiving for the point a day of
re-fettlement of the Parliament, their ufual prophane and impious practice Thanksgiving
of mocking God: to which they now added the abuſe of the Creature, at a tlement.
for their re-jet-
Dinner provided for the Parliament and chief Officers of the Army by the City; The Army fez-
at whoſe coſts they furfeited, while the Poor thereof ftarved through want of fted by the city.
Trade, which decayed ſenſibly in a fhort time; no Bullion likewiſe being after-
wards brought to the Mint.
Sir Thomas Fairfax was now likewife conſtituted Generaliſſimo (ſo ſudden and Conftable
their favour, and fo great their confidence) of all the Forces and Forts in Eng The Soldiers
of the Tower.
Land, to diſpoſe of them at his pleafure; and Conftable of the Tower of Lon- ordered a
don. The Common Souldiers were likewife ordered a Months gratuity, and months gratui
the General remitted to his own difcretion, for what Guards he fhould pleaſe ty.
to
Sir Thomas
Fairfax made
Generaliffimo
The
14.
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The 11 impea-
cbed Members
rably.
All Votes, Or-
ders and ordi-
nances paled
in the abfence
of the Speakers
abrogated.
to fet upon both Houſes; in fuch a fervile fear were thofe Members that fate in
the abfence of the Speakers, that they durft not diffent from any thing.pro-
pounded by the contrary Faction. The effect of this was, that the Indepen-
dents difplaced immediately all Governours, though placed by Ordinance of
Parliament, and put in men of their own party, which they could not fo currant-
ly do before, and by vertue of the fame, the Militia's of London, Westminster,
and Southwark, from whence was their fole danger, which were all united be-
fore, were now divided,to make them the weaker, the Lines of Communication
dismantled, that the Parliament and City might ly open to any ſudden invaſion,
that fo they might have a perpetual and cafie awe upon their Counfels and
actions.
The Eleven Impeached Members, before mentioned, who had fuperfeded
themſelves, and were newly re-admitted, (the Army not being able to pro-
withdraw.
duce their Charge, upon pretence of more weighty affairs) now altogether
One of them,
VI. Mr. Ni- withdrew, and had Paffes, (though fome ftaid in London) fome for beyond
chols,/cized on Sea, and other for their homes; in the way whither, one of them ( Mr. Ni-
by Cromwel, chols) was feized on, and bafely abused by Cromwel: another, Sir Philip Sta-
and abuſed.
Szr Philip Sta- pieton, one who had done them very good fervice, paffed over to Calice, where
pleton path falling fick, as fufpected, of the Plauge, he was turned out of the Town, and
over to Calice, perifhed in the way near to Graveling; whofe end was inhumanely commented
and dyes mife-
on by our Mamaluke-like Saints, who infcribed it to the Divine Vengeance.
Having thus Levelled all things before them, they proceed to an abrogation
of all thoſe Votes, Orders, and Ordinances, that had paſſed in the abſence of
the faid Speakers. This was firft carried in the Lords Houfe without any trou-
ble; the Peers that fate there that time abfenting themſelves, fo that there was
not more than ſeven Lords to make up their Houſe. By theſe an Ordinance
was fent to the Commons for their concurrence, to make all A&s, Orders and
Ordinances paffed from the 26 of July to the fixth of August following, when
the Members did return, Void and Null, abinitio. This was five or fix days
feverally and fully debated, and as often put to the queſtion, and carried in the
Negative; yet the Lords ftill renewed the fame Meffage to them, being promp-
ted and inftigated by the Army, rejecting their Votes, nor would acquiefce, but
put them to Vote again, contrary to the priviledge of the Houfe of Commons;
nor could it pafs, for all the threats of the Sollicitour-General Saint John, one
mancipated to the Faction, nor the fury of Hazelrigg, when he uſed theſe
John, Hazel words--- Some Heads must fly off, and he feared the Parliament of England would
rigg, Sir Hen. not fave the Kingdom of England, but that they must look another way for fafety.
Vane Junior, To which fence ſpoke Sir Henry Vane junior, Thomas Scot, Cornelius Holland,
Tho. Scot, Prideaux, Gourdon, Sir John Evelin junior, and Henry Mildway, (all Regicides,
Holland Pri- and Contrivers of it until the Speaker perceiving fome plain apparent en-
deans, Gour- forcements muſt be uſed, pulled a Letter out of his pocket from the General
don, Sir John and General Council of the Army, (for that was now their ftile) pretending
Evelin unior, he then received it; which foon terrified the Members, (either by withdraw-
and Henry
Mildway, all ing themſelves, or fitting mute, as if they had been Planet-ftruck) into a com
Regicides, and pliance; fo that the next morning, Auguſt the 20. in a thin Houſe, the Ordi-,
bulic contrivers nance paffed; the procuring thereof being palpably and notoriously forced and
Arbitrary. This Letter to the Speaker, was received by him over-night, as
was conceived, with directions to conceal it, if the Queſtion had paffed in the
Affirmative: But that not fadging, it was was produced in the nick, accom-
panied with a Remonftrance full of villanous language againſt thoſe that conti-
nued fitting while the two Speakers were with the Army, calling them preten-
ded Members, and taxing them in General with Treaſon, Treachery, and Breach
of Truft; declaring, that if they shall prefume to come there, before they have
cleared themſelves that they did not give their affents to fuch and fuch Votes, they
Should fit at their Peril, and he would take them as Prisoners of War, and try them
at a Council of War.
The Sollicitour -
General St.
Cornelius
of the Armies
defignes.
The Ordinance
of Null and
Void, paffed
Auguſt 20.
•
Having thus invalidated or annihilated thofe Laws, the Law-makers could
not
1647.
123
England, Scotland and Ireland.
་
derme', and
not think to cfcape untouched: Judgement began with the House of Lords, whofe Seal Lods,
degenerate remnant, upon an Impeachment (carried up by Sir John Erelin the Coms
younger) of High Treafon in the name of the Commons of England, for their citizens of
levying War against the King, Parliament, and Kingdom, committed the Earls London, in-
of Suffolk, Lincoln, and Middleſex, the Lords Berkley, Willoughby of Parham, pitched and
Hunfdon, and Maynard, to the Black Rod. Then divers of the Houfe of Com-committed. The
impeachment
mons were fufpended, as Mr. Boynton, others committed to the Tower, as broaght by Sir
Recorder Glyn, and Sir John Maynard: but the wrath of the Army fell prin- John Evelin
cipally on the Citizens, the chici of whom were, viz. the Lod Mayor Sir Fokn junior and
Gayre, Alderman Adams, Alderman Langham, Alderman Bunch, and Sheriff Miles Corbet,
Culham, with others, theſe without any more ado than an Impeachment pre-
ferred against them by Miles Corbet, one of the Regicides, and Chair-man to
the Cloſe-Committee of Examinations to the Houte of Lords, were never
being called to any Bar ) fent Priſoners to the Tower of London, where they
lay a long time, and could never obtain a Trial; but at lalt fued out a precious
Poyntz and
and precarious liberty: fo that bythis means the Spirit of Presbytery was quite
Malley ofcape
daunted, and the Independent Faction abfolutely ruled the roaft, and were pa- to Holland.
ramount: Poyntz and Muffey fled over to Holland, and fo efcaped:
Having concluded this Contraft or Feud betwixt them, we will fee with what
alpect they regard their Soveraign, upon whom, having worried one ano-
ther in this defpiteful manner, they fly as freely, as if there had been no fuch
quarrel.
His Majefty after feveral removes by direction of the Council of Officers, The King
was brought to Hampton Court, whither, on the 7 or September, the Houses brought to
701
Hampton-
having hammered out the fame fubftance of the former Propofitions, into a new Court: Comi
but ftranger ſhape, fent Commiffioners, to whom were joyned fome Scots in the fioners fent to
like quality from that Kingdom. The names of both were as followeth; the him from the
Earls of Pembroke and Lauderdale, Sir John Holland, Sir Charles Erskin, Sir
John Cook, Sir James Harrington, Major-General Brown, Mr. Hugh Kenedy, trans.
and Mr. Robert Berkley. The preface to which Propofitions (omitting them-
felves, as recited before) was this.
Parliament
with Propofi
May it please your Majesty, We the Lords and Commons Affembled in the Parlia- The Preface
ment of England,in the name and in the behalf of the Kingdoms of England and Ire- thereuata.
land, and the Commiffioners of the Parliament of Scotland, &c. Do humbly pre-
fent unto your Majesty the humble Defires and Propofitions for a safe and well-
grounded Peace, agreed upon by the Parliaments of both Kingdoms reſpectively,
unto which we pray your Majeſties Aſſent, and that they, and all fuch Bills as ſhall
be tendred to your Majesty in pursuance of them, or of any of them, may be Eſtabliſhed
and Enacted for Statutes, and Acts of Parliament, by your Majeſties Royal Aſſent,
in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms reſpectively. And never a good word
after.
1
To thefe, his Majefty, being accuſtomed to the unreaſonablenèfs of the men,
in two days returns this Anſwer.
H'
For the SP EA K E R of the Houſe of Lords, &c.
C. R.
them, Sept. 9.
Is Majesty cannot chufe but be paffionately fenfible as he be- His Majefties
lieves all his good Subjects are) of the late great distractions, Answer to
and ſtill languishing, and unfetled ftate of this Kingdom: And he
calls God to witness, and is willing to give Testimony to all the
World, of his readiness to contribute his utmost endeavours, for re-
ftoring it to a happy and flourishing condition.
His Majesty having perufed the Propofitions now brought to him,
finds
1
144
Part L
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
trons the same
Thefe Propoft finds them the fame in effect which were offered to him at New-
in effe with caftle: To fome of which, as he could not then consent, without vis-
the fur er of lation of his Honour and Confcience, fo neither can be agree to
fered a New-
others now concerning them, in many respects more difagreeable to
cave.
the prefent condition of his Majesty, than when they were formerly
prefented to him, as being deftructive to the main principal interefts
of the Army, and of all thoſe whoſe affections concur with them.
And his Majesty having feen the Propofals of the Army, to the Com-
miffioners from his two Houſes residing with them, therewith then to
be Treated on, in order to the clearing and fecuring the Rights and
Liberties of the Kingdom, and the ſettling of a just and lasting Peace,
to which Propofals, as he conceives his two Houfes are not strangers,
So he believes they will think with him, that they much more conduce
to the fatisfaction of all interefts; and may be a fitter Foundation for
a lafting Peace, than the Propositions which at this time are tendered
unto him : He therefore Propounds (as the best way in his judge-
ment in order to Peace,) that his two Houfes would instantly take
into confideration thefe Proposals, upon which there may be a perfo-
nal Treaty with his Majesty, and upon fuch other Propofitions as his
Majeſty ſball make; hoping that the faid Proposals may be fo mode-
rated in the ſaid Treaty, as to render them the more capable of his
Majeſlies full Conceſſion; wherein he reſolves to give full fatisfaction
unto his People, for what foever shall concern the fettling of the Proteftant
Profeffion, with Liberty to tender Confciences, and the fecuring of
the Laws, Liberties, and Properties of all his Subjects, and the just
Priviledges of Parliament for the future. And likewife by his pre-
Sent Deportment in this Treaty, He will make the world clearly judge
of his intentions in matter of future Government.
In which Treaty
his Majesty will be well pleafed, if it be thought fit, that Commif
oners from the Army (whofe the Proposals are) may likewife be
His Alajefty
prefers the Ar-
my Proposals.
Cromivel jug
gles with his
Majesty.
admitted.
His Majesty therefore conjures his two Houses of Parliament, by
the Duty they owe to God, and his Majeſty their King, and by the
Bowels of compaffion they have to their fellow-Subjects, both for the
relief of their prefent fufferings, and to prevent future miferies;
That they will forthwith accept of this his Majefties offer, that here-
by the joyful news of Peace may be restored to this diftreffed King-
dom. And for what concerns the Kingdom of Scotland mentioned
in the Froportions, his Majefty will very willingly Treat upon those
particulars with the Scotch Commiffioners, and doubts not but to give
reaſonable fatisfaction to that his Kingdom.
17
The Kings harping upon thöfe Propofals of the Army, ( acknowledging a
greater quity, and jutt menfuration, and comprehenſiveneſs of them, and that
they did much more conduce to the fatisfaction of all interefts, and were a fit-
ter foundation for a lafting Peace than the Propofitions) feemed very pleafing
to Cromwil, who complemented the King with the Armies glad fenfe of his pre-
ferring their ways and method to Peace before the Parliament's, which would
no doubt credit them likewife to the Feople; not ticking to upbraid the Mem-
bers with their difloyal and peevish carriage toward the King,and yet fecretly He
entaged the Vulgar against him. The Traytor yet knew that the King did
but
1047.
145
England, Scotland and Freland.
:
but fhew them Art for Art, for that it was impoffible to produce any thing out
of that Chaos of their Propofals, without a Divine Fiat ; which being made.
to ſerve onely as a temporary ſhift, a bone of contention, could not beyond the
purpoſe of the Contrivers be durable: it will be requifite therefore to take a
thort view of them, that pofterity may fee what curious Legiflators thefe Soul-
diers were, and how well capacitated for Governnient. Bliß us from the
Goblin, this Idea of STRATOCRACY.
The first principle is the diffolution of the Parliament, [a prepofterous begin- A abtract of
ning, where Nature ends; but yet not intended by them till they had ferved the Armies
their own ends, luft, and ambition, from whence thefe ftructures. ] 1. That Pripoſals.
there be Biennial Parliaments, and at more certainty than thefe. 2. Each Bien-
nial Parliament to fit 120 days certain, afterwards adjournable or diffolvable by
the King. 3. This Biennial Parliament to appoint Committees to continue during
the interval, for fuch purposes afore mentioned in the Proposals. 4. That the King,
upon the advice of the Council of State, in the Intervals call a Parliament extracr-
dinary, with limitation of meeting and diffolvings that the course of the Biennial
one may never be interrupted. 5. That a better rule of proportion may be observed
in Electing, all Counties to have a number of Parliament-Members competent to
their charges as they are rated to the publike; that no poor Boroughs have any more
Elections; and that an addition of Members may be allowed great Counties, that
have now leẞthan their due proportion; and that effectual provifion be made for the
freedom of fuch Elections. 6. That the Parliament onely have Power to direct fur-
ther, as to Parliaments: and for those two ends exprefled before, their Orders there
to paß for Laws. 7. That there be a Liberty for Entring Diffents in the House
of Commons; and no man further cenfurable for what be ſhall ſay in the Houſe, ex-
clufion by, &c. from that Truſt, and that by the Houſe it felf. 8. That the Judi-
cial Power in the Lords and Commons without further Appeal may be cleared. The
King not to be capable to forgive perfons adjudged by them, without their confent:
9. That the Peers have no Jurifdiction against the Commons, without the concar-
ring Judgment of the House of Commons, as alfo may be vindicated from any other
Judgement, &c. than that of their equals. 10. That Grand Jury-men be chofen
by feveral parts or divifions of each County respectively, not left to the discretion of
any Under-Sheriff, which Grand Jury-men at each Affize, shall present the names
of perfons to be made Justices of the Peace, and at the Summer-Aſſizes the names
of three, out of which the King may prick one for Sheriff.
+
4
Secondly, being another principle,] For the future fecurity to Parliaments,
and the Militia in general, in order thereunto, That it be provided by Act of Par-
liament, 1. That the power of the Militia by Land and Sea, during the space of
ten years, ſhall be difpofed by the Lords and Commons Aſſembled in Parliament, or
perfons they shall nominate. 2. That it shall not be exerciſed by the King, nor any
from him, during the ſaid ſpace, nor afterwards, but by advice of the Parliament,
or Council of State, or fuch Committees in the Interval. 3. That the faid Lords
and Commons, &c. raiſe and diſpoſe of Money for the Forces thought neceſſary, and
for payment of publike debts, and uſes of the Kingdom. 4. That these ten years
fecurity may be the firmer, It be provided, That none that have been in hoftility a-
gainst the Parliament in the late War, ſhall be capable of any Office or Trust for five
years without conſent of Parliament ; nor to fit as Members thereof, till the ſecond
Biennial Parliament be paſt.
Thirdly, For the ordering of the peace and ſafety of this Kingdom and Ireland.
1. That there be Commiffioners for the Admiralty, an Admiral and Vice-Admiral
now agree on, with power to execute amply the faid Offices, and pay provided for
the fervice. 2. Ihat there be a Lord-General for the Forces that are to be in pay.
3. That there be Commiſſioners for the ſtanding Militia in every County (confifting
of Trained Bands and Auxiliaries not in pay) to diſcipline them. 4. A Council of
State to furperintend the powers given thofe Commiffioners. 5. That the faid
Council have the fame power with the Kings Privy Council, but not make War or
1
X
Peace
146
L
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part
;
1
Peace without confent of Parliament. 6. That that Council confift of trusty and
able perfons, to continue fi bene fe gefferint, but not above feven years. 7. That a
[Money e. Sufficient Establishment be provided for the pay of the standing Forces; the Establish-
nough be
fure, this they ment to continue till two months after the meeting of the first Biennial Parliament,
e-
intended for a or Saint Tibs Eve.
Law no
doubt, and
might have
been put firſt,
the other be
ing meerly
fubfervient to
it. ]
They indulge the
King in not
Fourthly, That an Act be paffed for difpofing the great Offices for ten years by
the Lords and Commons in Parliament, and by the Committees in the Intervals, with
ſubmiſſion to the approbation of the next Parliaments and after that time,they to name
three, and the King out of them to appoint one for the fucceffion upon a vacancie.
Fifthly, For disabling the Peers (made by the King fince the Great Seal was car-
ried away May 21.1642.) to fit and Vote in Parliament.
Sixthly, An Act to make void all the Acts, Declarations, &c. against the Parlia-
ment and their Adherents; and that the Ordinances for Indempnity be confirmed.
Seventhly, An Act to make void all Grants paffed under the faid Seal fince May
1642. and to confirm and make thoſe valid that paſſed under the Great Seal made
by Authority of Parliament.
Eighthly, An Act for Confirmation of Treaties between England and Scotland,
and conftituting Confervators of the Peace between them.
Ninthly, That the Ordinance for taking away the Court of Wards and Liveries
be confirmed by A&t; but the Kings Revenue made up another way, and the Officers
thereof to have reparation.
Tenthly, An Act declaring void the Ceſſation of Ireland, leaving that War to the
profecution of the Parliament.
Eleventhly, An AƐl to take away all Coercive Power, Authority, and Jurifdiction
of Bishops, and other Ecclefiaftical Officers whatſoever, extending to civil Penalties
upon any; and to repeal all Laws whereby the Civil Magiftracie hath been or is
bound upon any Ecclefiaftical Cenfure, to proceed ex Officio unto any Civil Penalties
against any perfons fo cenfured. Mark, here is not a word of abolishing Epi-
ſcopacy, or confirming the fale of their Lands, in which they knew the Presby-
terians were entangled; but the King extreamly gratified, who abominated
Sacriledge, and fo was the likelier never to comply with the Parliament, ( who
made it one of their principal demands) which Cromwel defigned.]
Twelfthly, That there be a repeal of penal Ads or Claufes enjoyning the Common-
the Prayer, and impofing Penalties for not coming to Church; fome provifion to be made
for diſcovering of Recufancie.
abrogating
Common Pray
er, and claw
with the Pa-
piſt.
Life to the Roy-
alift, and death
to the Presby
Thirteenthly, That the taking of the Covenant be not inforced upon any, &c. bus
that all Ordinances enjoyning that be repealed.
Fourteenthly, That the things before propofed being provided for, his Majestie,
his Queen and Royal Iffue, may be restored to a condition of Safetie, Honour, and
Freedom in this Nation, without diminution to their perfonal Rights, or further
limitation to the exercife of their Power than according to the particulars afore-
The rarest At-
ticle in the going.
ter.
Pack.
the Cavaliers.
י
Fifteenthly, For the matter of Compofitions. 1. That a leß number out of the per-
Divers preten- fons excepted in the two firft qualifications, (not exceeding five for the English)
ces in favour of being nominated particularly by the Parliament, befides the Irish Rebels, may be
Cromwel de rejerved to the Judgment of the Parliament,&c. [And many more good morrows
fignes to pleaſe in favourable reftrictions of the Parliament's ſeverity to poor Cavaliers, whom they
all Parties, by referved for their more ravenous jaws; thinking by thefe wiles, firft to betray,
Propoſing to
and then devour them: and therefore now the Tyger is become a mediator
regulate the
Law and Al- to the Wolf, to ipare the innocent ſheep that's encompaffed between them.]
Jeffements; Al- The reft of this batch was for partienlar redreſſes of the Law, and abuſes of the
ferting the peo- Lawyers; concerning Impriſonments for Debts, Regulating Aſſeſſements, and reme-
ples rights in
dies against the contentious Suits of Tythes for afferting the peoples right in Petition-
Petitioning; a-
gainst Forreſt- ing; against Forrest-Lands; and almost all particular grievances, especially the Ex-
Lands, Excife, cife and Monopolies against Corporation-Oaths, as grievous to tender Confcien-
Monopolies,&c. ces, being too long to enumerate. The drift of all being to pleate all forts of
people, one or other hitting the humour of every man; but chiefly gratify-
1
ing,
-
1647.
147
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ing the Fanaticks, and miferable Vulgar, who were to be deluded, and then
ufed as a bridge to their own flavery. The conclufion of them, was to tye the
hands of the Militia of the Trained-Bands, by regulating the Commiffioners
and Officers, from their former Arbitrariness, that fo the Souldiers might be
under no Command, and unable to offend them: To which was fubjoyned a
demand of their Arrears to the utmost penny, and the publike Faith to be satisfied
and relieved. [And then they have more particulars to offer; if any body that
knew their jugling fhould take them now at their word, which they would ra-
ther eat their Swords than perform. ]
Signed by the appointment of his Excellency
Sir Tho. Fairfax, and the Council of War.
Job. Rushworth, Secretary.
This Hodgpodg or Alchoran, containing Jewish, Turkish, and fome Chri-
fiian ſentences; fome of the Parliaments, and fome of their own, and ſome of
the Kings Condefcentions too, were far more tolerabhan thofe Heathenifh
and Pagan Inftitutes of the Parliaments, fent to the Kg in the name of Pro-
pofitions: which He having declined, did hope to effect his and his Kingdoms
Peace and restitution at cafier terms from the Army; and therefore was in-
ſtant with Cromwel and other Grandees of the Army, who were evermore at Cromwel and
his Elbow, to appoint Commiflioners to Treat with him of thoſe Propofals: other Granaces
of the Army,
His Majesty not doubting, but fo to temper them, as to come to a right understanding ;
which if it should happen, it would be the Glory and Honour of the Army, that the King.
they had laid fuch a platform and expedient, for the good, quiet, Peace and happiness
of their King and Country.
frequently with
But Cromwel began to turn a deaf ear to thofe Charms, to falter in his Addref- Cromwel baf
fes to the King, to be full of uncertainties and ſcruples; and at laft, to tell his fleth with the
Majefty that He did not rightly understand them, and fo interpret their words o difcovered.
King, and is
therwise than they were spoken, and that they had forgotten they had promiſed him
any fuch things. He excufed himſelf at another time, for not performing of
their Engagements, from a reverence to the Parliament, whom as yet they durft
not ſo openly oppoſe, as to take up his Quarrel. And lastly, as the main artifice,
he acquaints Him with the boldness and malice of the Agitators and Levellers,
who Confpired his Murth rs and that for the prefent he could not mitigate their vio-
lent and wicked Counfels; but when the Difcipline of the Army fhould be recover-
ed, he would make good what he had undertook to perform. And fo from time
to time courted the King, till the Plot, which he might well forefpeak, was rea-
dy for execution, of which by and by.
ton-Court,
The King was kept at Hampton-Court in very great State, as ufually in times The King ſtill
of Peace, his Chaplains and Friends about him, all people permitted to fee kept at Hamp
him, Liberty of Hunting with the Duke of Richmond, and others of the Loyal with the pub-
Nobility allowed him together; fo that great was the concourfe thither; and like ufe of Com-
uſe
molt men that judged by the outfide and fine appearance of things, concluded man-prayer, in
all things would do well, and that the Army would prove honeft and Loyal. great State,bis
Others contrarily thought that the Army had fome defigne in this pompous Chaplains a
friends and
and open Treatment of the King, who thereby imagining himſelf in his Rega- boat him.
lity and proper Orb, would keep and maintain the greater diſtance from the bold
approaches of the Parliament upon his Soveraignty; as all men in profperity are
naturally more elated, more jealous of affronts, and lefs ductile, than in an ad-
verfe condition. Theſe came neareſt the Mark, and yet the Kings conftancy to
himſelf not diſputed; nothing being able to make him recede from thoſe his
two great principles of Honour and Conſcience; which yet may admit of a magis
and minus in the accidental and circumftantial defence of them, fometimes more
magnanimouſly, and fometimes more warily.
This concourfe to the King, which fhewed the love the people, especially
X 2
the
148
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
The Faction
don.
the Citizens of London, bare him, began to be no way pleafing to the Faction,
and Cromwel lefs to Cromwel and his party, who feared a furprize of his perfon out of his
Suspect and fear
hands to London, and then his defignes and wits were at an end. He refolved
the Kings neer-
neẞ to Lon-
therefore fpeedily to be rid of that fear: and though he had deliberated whe-
ther it were more conducing to his purpoſe to affaffinate the King there, and in-
vade the Government by a fudden and impetuous violence, when all men fhould
have been in a confternation at the atrocity of the Fact, and would fave all thofe
tedious arts to be practifed in a folemn way of Regicide; yet more flower
Counfels prevailed, the image and fright of Death fhould ferve turn at prefent.
To this purpoſe, Colonel Whaley is ordered to tell the King, that the Adjuta-
tors were grown to that height of violence, as that they had combined to
Murther Him; and therefore as his duty was, befides his particular affection
for his Majefty, he could not but acquaint him, defiring him to confult for his
own Safety; it being alfo (as he faid) the advice of the chief of the Ar-
who were loath he fhould be Murdered while they helplefly looked
Colonel Wha-
ley pretends
to the King
that the adju-
tators defigne
to Murther
bim.
They fright the
King from
Hampton-
by
Colonel Ham-
mond Gover-
nour thereof.
my,
Onl
{
The defigne of this parricide had purpofely been muttered up and down the
Court,and fo came to thor of the Kings Friends,by whom he was near the fame
Court who time acquainted with The King therefore called to him Sir John Berkley
the advice of and Mr. John Aſhburnham then attending him, and adviſed with them concern-
Sir John ing his Efcape, where between them they unfortunately, and upon deceitful
Berkley and
grounds, concluded to fly to the Isle of Wight, the Government whereof was
Mr. John
Ashburnham newly conferred upon Colonel Hammond, Brother to that Reverend Doctor
efcapes to the Henry Hamond, the Kings beloved Chaplain) whom the crafty Traytor did fore-
ifle of Wight. caft, the King in fuch a perplexity would chufe to truft, from that Relation.
Horfes being therefore laid ready on the other fide.of the Water, the King leaves
his Chamber November the 11. (in a very, dark and tempeftuous night) with
his Cloak ſpread in the floor thereof, and by the back-ftayrs defcends to the
Vault, and fo over the Thames to his Company, who were the fame of his
Counſel; and by Farnham (after much tedious ftraying in the night out of the
way in that bad weather) came to the Sea-fide neer Southampton, where mif-
fing of a paffage, the Boat failing the prefixed time, he was conveyed to the
The King at the Countefs Dowager of Southampton at Tedworth, where he lay that night, while
Core Dow- Sir John Berkley and Colonel Aſhburnham paffed over to the Isle of Wight to
agers of South- the faid Governour, concerning the entertainment of him: where we reft this
hampton. relation, and return to Hampton-Court.
Nov. 11. The
King is miffed.
Whaley takes
the Kings Pa-
pers left behind
him in his
chamber.
The First di-
reЯted to the
Lord Mounta.
gue.
>
•
No more
About 9 a'clock at night the King was miffed, but no doubt to the little
worder, lefs trouble of his Guardians; for the Centries had been on purpose
drawn off, to give him free paffage: and it had been diſcourſed in the Army
ſome while before, that He would ere long be in the Ifle of Wight.
ado therefore was made of it, but onely a Letter with a bare account of his
flight fent to the Parliament, and the watchful Guard remanded to the body of
the Army; Whaley having first taken up the Papers which the King had left,
the contents of which are as follow; the firft fuperfcribed,
F
To the Lord Mountague of Boughton.
MOUNT A GUE,
Irft, I do hereby give you and the rest of your fellows thanks, for
the civilities and good converfations that I have had from you.
Next, I command you to fend this my Meffage, which you will finde
on the Table, to the two Houses of Parliament; and likewiſe to give
a Copy of it to Colonel Whaley, to be fent to the General. Like-
wife I defire you to fend all my Saddle-Horfes to the Duke of York.
For what concerns the refolution that I have taken, my Ďeclara-
tory
1647.
149
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
$
tory Meffage fays so much, that I refer you to it; and fo I reft
I
The ſecond to Colonel Whaley.
Col. WHALEY,
Your Affured Friend,
C. R.
Have been fo civilly used by you and Major Huntington, that I The fecond to
cannot but by this parting farewel acknowledge it under my Hand, Colonel Wha-
as alfo to defire the continuance of your Courtefie, by the protecting of cy.
my Honfhould-stuff and Moveables of all forts which I-leave behind
me in this House, that they be neither spoiled nor Imbez'led. Only
there are here three Pictures which are not mine, that I defire you to
reſtore; to wit, my Wives Picture in Blew fitting in a Chair, you muſt
Send to Mrs. Kirk; my Eldest Daughters Picture Copied by Belcan, to
the Countess of Anglefey; and my Lady Stanhop's Picture, to Cary
Raleigh. There is a Fourth, which I had almost forgot, it is the
Original of my Eldest Daughter, it hangs in this Chamber over the
board next the Chimney, which you muſt ſend to my Lady Aubig-
ney.
So being confident that you wish my Prefervation and Reftitution,
I reft
嘴
​Your Friend,
C. R.
#
CHARLES REX.
t
I affure you it was not the Letter you fhewed me yesterday that made
me to take this refolution, nor any Advertiſement of that kind. But
I confess, that I am loath to be made a cloſe Prifoner, under pretence
of fecuring my life.
I had almost forgot to defire you to fend the Black Grew Bitch
to the Duke of Richmond.
a
The third was the Meffage to both Houſes.
CHARLES REX..
Message left
Houſes of Par
Iberty being that which in all times hath been, but eſpecially now His Majeſtics
is, the common Theme and defire of all men; common Reason behinde Him at
fhews, that Kings less than any ſhould endure Captivity. And yet I Hampton-
call God and the World to Witnes, with what patience I have endured Court to both
tedious Reſtraint, which fo long as I had any hopes that this fort liament.
of my suffering might conduce to the Peace of my Kingdoms, or the
hindring of more effusion of Blood, I did willingly undergo : But
now finding by too certain proofs, that my continued
continued patience would
not only turn to my Perfonal ruine, but likewiſe be of much more
prejudice than furtherance to the Publike good; I thought I was
bound
150
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1.
1
bound as well by Natural as Political Obligations to feek my Safety,
by retiring my Self for fome time from the publike view both of
my Friends and Enemies. And I appeal to all indifferent men to
judge, if I have not just cauſe to free My Self from the hands of
thofe who change their Principles with their Condition, and who
are not aſhamed openly to intend the deftruction of the Nobility
by taking away their Negative Voice, and with whom the Levellers
Doctrine is rather countenanced than punished. And as for their
intentions to My Perfon, their changing and putting more strict
Guards upon Me, with the diſcharging most of all thofe Servants of
Mine, who formerly they willingly admitted to wait upon Me, does
fufficiently declare. Nor would I have this My Retirement miſinter-
preted: for I shall earnestly and unceſſantly endeavour the fettling of
a fafe and well-grounded Peace wherever I am, or ſhall be, and that
(as much as may be) without the effufion of Christian Blood. For
which, how many times have I deftred, preft to be heard, and no ear
given me? And can any reasonable man think, that (according to
the ordinary courſe of affairs) there can be a fettled Peace without
it, or that God will bless those who refuse to hear their King? Surely
no! nay,I must further add,that (besides what concerns My felf)un-
less all other chief Interefts have not onely a hearing, but likewife
just fatisfaction given unto them, (to wit, the Prefbyterians, Inde-
pendents, Army, those who have adhered to Me, and even the Scots)
I Say there cannot (I speak not of miracles, it being in My opinion
(inful prefumption in fuch cafes to expect or trust to them) be a
Safe or lafting Peace. Now as I cannot deny, but My Personal fecu-
rity is the urgent cauſe of this My Retirement, ſo I take God to Wit-
ness, that the Publike Peace is no leẞ before My eyes and I can finde
no better way to express this My Profeffion, (I know not what a wifer
man may do) than by defiring and urging that all chief Interefts
may be heard, to the end each may have just satisfaction. As for
example, The Army (for the reft, though neceffary, yet I suppose not
difficult to content) ought (in My judgment) to enjoy the Liberty
of their Confciences, have an Act of Oblivion or Indemnity, (which
fhould extend to all the rest of My loving Subjects) and that all their
Arrears should be Speedily and anely paid; which I will undertake
to do, so I may be heard, and that I be not hindered from using fuch
lawful and honest means as I shall chufe. To conclude, Let Ale be
heard with Freedom, Honour, and Safety, and I ſhall instantly break
through this Cloud of Retirement, and fhew My felf to be Pater
Patriæ.
*
From the hazard of a faigned attempt to be made on His perfon, behold the
Majeſty of fo excellent a Prince really endangered, and in the very pit of de-
ftruction which his Enemies had digged for him. For upon notice given to
Hamond by the faid Attendants, of the Kings Adventure, which they would
have to be valued at no less than His Liberty He preſently replied, that for fe-
curity of Him from danger he would undertake, but His Liberty and that were in-
confiftent, nor could be answer it to his Superiors the Army and Parliament; where-
upon fince they perceived the neceffity of yielding to thefe terms, they Boated
over with him, accompanied by one Captain Basket to the place where the King
was,
1
1647.
ISI
England, Scotland and Ireland.
-
was, who delivered Himſelf into their hand, and was prefently conveyed over The King ſeized.
to the Caffle of Carisbrooke in the faid Ifland.
by Col. Ha-
mond in the
Ifle of Wight,
14.
In the interim the Parliament had made it High Treafon for any man to con
ceal His perfon, and with Spies and Guards laid every place to intercept Him and conveyed to
but being foon informed by Hamond that He was in his cuftody, they derived Carifbrook-
their fury upon thoſe Gentlemen that accompanied Him, commanding Hamond Cafle, Nove.
to fend them up to London to be proceeded againft; which he refused; pretend- The Parl. make
ing frit, the juſt offence thereby given the King, in removing His only Friends it High Tiea-
and Familiars: then, his Honour engaged, as he ſaid,for their indempnity; and for for any to
declaring, that what they had done therein, was out of a defire of the Peace of conceal the
the Kingdom: whereas the meaning was, that their ſafety and protection was command Col.
King. They
obliged partly to that unwitting fervice they had done the Faction, who were Hamond to
(honourably) pleaſed to ſhield thoſe,who had skreened them from the odium (end the Kings
of that unfortunate and pernicious Efcape; and partiy to the King, who inter- attendants 1.p
poſed himſelf in the matter, declaring, If thofe Gentlemen were taken and punish- refufeth.
ed as evil doers, for Counseling Him not to go out of the Kingdom, but rather to come The King pleads
to the place where he now is, for the ends aforesaid, and for their endeavours in at- in their behalf.
tending Him thither, He cannot but expect to be dealt with accordingly, His Cafe
being the fame.
to London, be
The next confideration of this affair by the Parliament was a refult of five The Parliament
Votes, which forbad any Cavaliers or Papifts to be admitted in the liland, and vote that no
left the guard of his Perfon and the nomination of Officers to attend Him to Cavalier or
the General, and allowed 5000 l. for the expences of his Court; the laft of Papifts be ad-
mitted into the
which Hamond quarrelled at, as an incompetent pittance, but it's questionable Inland-
whether he meant not for himſelf; and no doubt he was better paid for his fer- The Gen. hath
vice. He alſo required more aid, that (forfooth) he might be as good as his the command of
word, in keeping the King in fecurity and out of danger, who having piffed
bis perfon.
(Per varios cafus per tot difcrimina rerum,
ad Latium tendit,) lowed 5000 1.
The King al-
many perils and difcouragements, gave not yet over his endeavours after Peace, for the expences
but with a juft refolution of not being denied this time, when he now granted of his court.
almott the whole controverfie, He wooes them in this Meffage from His Prifon
at Carisbrook, (where He had only the liberty of the Walls under a Guard : )
It indeed comprehends and clears all the differences between the King and
Parliament.
fo
CHARLES REX.
Parliamentfrom
brook-cafile.
H
Is Majesty is confident that before this time His two Houfes of The Kings Mef-
Parliament have received the Meſſage which he left behinde lage to the
Him at Hampton-Court the 11th of November, by which they will his imprison
have understood the reaſons which enforced Him to go from thence, ment in Caril-
as likewife his conftant endeavours for the fettling of a safe and
well-grounded Peace wherefoever he ſhould be. And being now in a
place where he conceives himself to be at much more freedom and
Security than formerly, He thinks it neceffary (not only for making
good his own Profeffions, but also for the Speedy procuring of a Peace
in these languishing and diftreffed Kingdoms) at this time to offer
fuch grounds to His two Houses for that effect, which upon due ex-
amination of all Interests may best conduce thereunto.
And becauſe Religion is the best and chiefeft Foundation of Peace,
His Majefty will begin with that particular.
That for the abo-
a
lishing Arch-bishops, Bishops, &c. His Majefty clearly profeffeth,
that he cannot give his conſent thereunto, both in relation as he is
Chriſtian and a King. For the first, he avows that he is satisfied
his judgment, that this Order was placed in the Church by the Apostles
in
themselves,
He
profeſſeth as
he is a Chrifti-
an and a King
to defend the
Government of
the Church, by
Arch-bishops,
Bishops, &c.
Their Order be-
ing placed in
the Church by
the Apoftles.
153
Part L
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
!
And he and
His predece
Prodeccf-
fors having
themselves, and ever fence that time hath continued in all Chriſtian
Churches throughout the World, until this laft Century of yearsz
and in this Church in all times of Change and Reformation it hath
been upheld by the wisdom of His Ancestors, as the great preferver
of Doctrine, Difcipline, and Order in the Service of God. As a
King, at his Coronation He hath not onely taken a Solemn Oath to
maintain this Order, but His Majefty and His Predeceffors in their
Confirmation of the Great Charter, have infeparably woven the
Rights of the Church into the Liberties of the rest of their subjects.
And yet he is willing it be provided, that the particular Biſhops per-
form the feveral Duties of their Callings, both by their Perfonal
refidence, and frequent Preaching in their Diocefes, as also that they
ay be fo limi- Exercife no Act of Jurifdiction or Ordination, without the confent
ted as not to be of their Presbyters; and will confent that their Powers in all things
der Confciences, be fo Limited, that they be not grievous to Tender Conſciences.
Sworn to main-
tain it.
But agrees that
their Power
grievous to ten-
1
Wherefore fince His Majefty is willing to give eafe to the Confcien-
ces of others, He fees no reason why he alone, and thofe of his Judge-
ment, ſhould be preffed to a Violation of theirs. Nor can His Maje-
fiy Confent to the Alienation of Church-Lands, becauſe it cannot be
denied to be a fin of the Highest Sacriledge, as alfo that it fubverts
the intentions of fo many Pious Donors, who have laid a heavy Curfe
upon all fuch prophane Violations, which His Majesty is very unwil-
Fing to undergo: And besides the matter of Confcience, His Majesty
believes it to be a prejudice to the Publike Good; many of His Sub-
jects having the benefit of renewing Leafes at much eater rates than
if thofe Poffeffions were in the hands of Private men: Not omitting
the difcouragement which it will be to all Learning and Industry,
when fuch eminent rewards ſhall be taken away, which now lye open
to the Children of the meanest perfons. Yet His Majefty confidering
the prefent great diftempers concerning Church-Discipline, and that
the Presbyterian Government is now in practice, His Majesty,to
efchew Confufion as much as may be, and for the fatisfaction of His
two Houſes, is content that the faid Government be Legally permit-
ted to stand in the fame condition it now is for three years: pro-
vided, that His Majesty and those of his Judgement, (or any other
who cannot in Confcience fubmit thereunto) be not obliged to com-
ply with the Presbyterian Government, but have free Practice of their
own Profeffion, without receiving any prejudice thereby: and that
free Confultation and Debate be had with the Divines at Weſt-
minfter twenty of his Majesties nomination being added unto
them) whereby it may be determined by his Majesty and the two
Houſes, how the Church-Government after the faid time shall be fet-
led, (or fooner, if differences be agreed) as is most agreeable to
the Word of God; with full Liberty to all those who shall differ upon
Confcientious Grounds from that Settlement. Always provided,
that nothing aforesaid may be understood to tolerate thofe of the Po-
pish Profeffion, nor the exempting of any Popish Recufant from the
penalties of the Laws, or to tolerate the publike profeffion of Atheism
or Blasphemy, contrary to the Doctrine of the Apostles, Nicene, and
Athanafian Creeds, they having been received by, and had in reve-
rence
1647'
153
England, Scotland and Ireland.
w
رية
rêncë of, all the Chriſtian Churches, and more particularly by us of
England ever since the Reformation.
Militia both
Next, the Militia being that right which is infeparably and un-
doubtedly Inherent in the Crown, by the Laws of this Nation, and
that which former Parliaments, as likewife this, hath acknowledged
to be for His Majefty cannot fo much wrong that Trust which the
Laws of God and the Land hath annexed to the Crown for the
pro-
tection and Security of his people, as to Devest himself and His Suc-
ceffors of the Power of the Sword: Tet to give an infallible evidence
of His deſire to ſecure the performance of fuch Agreements as shall
be made in order to Peace, his Majesty will consent to an Act of Parli- The King con-
ament, that the whole Power of the Militia both by Land and Sea, fents that the
for and during his whole Raign, fhall be ordered and difpofed by his
two Houses of Parliament, or by ſuch perſons as they shall appoint, by Land and
Sea ſhall be
with Powers limited for fuppreffing of Forces within this Kingdom ordered by the
to the difturbance of the Publike Peace, and against Forain Invasion; Parliament du
and that they shall have Power during his ſaid Raign to raise money
ring his Raign.
for the prefent purposes aforesaid; and that neither his Majesty
that now is, or any other by his Authority derived onely from him)
fball execute any of the faid Powers during his Majefties ſaid Raign,
but fuch as fall act by the confent and approbation of the two Houses
of Parliament. Nevertheless His Majefty intends that all Patents,
Commiffions, and other Acts concerning the Militia, be made and
acted as formerly; and that after His Majeſtics Raign all the Power
of the Militia fhall return entirely to the Crown, as it was in the
times of Queen Elizabeth and King James of Bleffed Memory.
pay the Army
After this head of the Militia, the confideration of the Arrears. He promijeth to
due to the Army is not improper to follow; for the payment whereof, their Airtars.
and the eaſe of his people, His Majesty is willing to concur in any
thing that can be done without the violation of His Confcience and
Honour. Wherefore if His two Houfes fhall confent to remit unto
Him fuch benefit out of Sequestrations from Michaelmas last, and out
of Compofitions that shall be made before the concluding of the Peace,
and the Arrears of fuch as have been already made, the affiftance of
the Clergy, and the Arrears of fuch Rents of His own Revenue as
His two Houfes fhall not have received before the concluding of the
Peace,His Majeſty will undertake within the ſpace of eighteen months,
the payment of 4000001. for the fatisfaction of the Army. And
if thoſe means shall not be fufficient, His Majesty intends to give.
way to the Jale of Forrest-Lands for that purpose; this being the
publike debt which in His Majefties judgment is first to be satisfied:
And for other publike debts already contracted upon Church-Lands,
or any other Engagements, His Majesty will give His confent to fuch.
Act or Acts for raiſing of moneys for payment thereof, as both Honfes
Ball hereafter agree upon, fo as they be equally laid, whereby His Peo- Confentech that
ple (already too heavily burthened by thefe late distempers) may of State, and
have no more preſſures upon them than this abfolute neceflity requires. naming of Pri-
And for the further fecuring all Fears, His Majefty will
con- by Counfellors
fent that an Act of Parliament be Paffed for the difpofing of the Power of the
great Offices of State, and naming of Privy Counſellours for the two Houses,
whole during his
whole raign.
Y
the great Offices
Shall be in the
|
}
154
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
And to the ta
king away the
whole term of his Raign by the two Houſes of Parliament; their Pa-
tents and Commiffions being taken from His Majefty, and after to
return to the Crown, as is exprest in the Article of the Militia.
For the Court of Wards and Liveries, His Majefty very well know's
Court of wards the confequence of taking that away, by turning of all Tenures into
and Liveries. common Soccage, as well in point of Revenue to the Crown, as in the
protection of many of His Subjects being Infants: Nevertheless, if
the continuance thereof feem grievous to His Subjects, rather than
he will fail on His part in giving Satisfaction, He will confent to
an act for taking of it away; so as a full recompence be ſettled
upon his Majesty and His Succeffors in perpetuity, and that the Ar-
rears now due, be referved unto Him towards the payment of the
Arrears of the Army.
Proferreth an
Act of Oblivi
jects.
And that the memory of these late distractions may be wholly wiped
on to His Sub- away, His Majefty will confent to an Act of Parliament for the
Suppreſſing and making Null Oaths, Declarations, and Proclamations,
against both or either Houfe of Parliament, and of all Indictments
and other Proceedings against any perfons for adhering unto them.
And His Majefty propofeth as the best expedient to take away all
Seeds of future differences) that there be an Act of Oblivion to ex
tend to all His Subjects.
As for Ireland, the Ceffation there is long fince determined;
but for the future (all other things being fully agreed) His Maje-
fty will give full fatisfaction to His Houfes concerning that King-
dom.
And although His Majesty cannot confent in Honour and Justice to
avoid all His own Acts and Grants, past under His Great Seal fince
the 22 of May 1642. or to the confirming all the Acts and Grants
paſſed under that made by the two Houfes; yet His Majesty is confi
dent, that upon perusal of particulars, He shall give full fatisfaction
to His two Houses, to what may be reasonably deſired in that par-
ticular.
And now his Majesty conceives that by these his Offers (which he
is ready to make good upon the ſettlement of a Peace ) he hath
clearly manifefted his intentions to give full fecurity and Satisfacti
on to all Interests for what can justly be deſired, in order to the fu-
ture happiness of his people. And for the perfecting of theſe Con-
ceffions, as alfo for fuch other things as may be propofed by the two
Houfes, and for fuch just and reaſonable demands as his Majefty
Shall finde neceflary to propofe on his part, he earnestly deſireth a
Perfonal Treaty at London with his two Houfes, in Honour, Freedom,
Perſonal Treaty and Safety; it being in his Judgment,the most proper,and indeed only
means, to a firm and fettled Peace; and impoffible, without it, to
reconcile former, or to avoid future misunderstandings.
He defireth a
at London
with His two
Houses.
All theſe things being by Treaty perfected, his Majesty believes his
two Houſes will think it reaſonable, that the Proposals of the Army
concerning the Succeffion of Parliaments, and their due Election,
fhould be taken into confideration.
As for what concerns the Kingdom of Scotland, his Majesty will
very readily apply himſelf to give all reaſonable ſatisfaction, when
the
19
1647.
155
England, Scotland and Ireland,
the desires of the two Houses of Parliament on their behalf, or of
the Commiffioners of that Kingdom, or of both joyned together, shall
be made known unto him.
the King.
Fudge
This Anfwer was full, and apportioned to all intereſts,and fhewed the incom-
parable prudence, as well as invincible conftancy of the King: at which the
Parliament (hewed themfelves much offended, and communicated this their
diſpleaſure to the Scots Commiflioners, ( who participated feemingly with
them therein) but made no Reply to the King; their cuftom being to let other
Pens on work to difcant upon them, and pick out fome jealous Obfervations, to Several fcurri
keep the people ftill to their party, by bold affertions of His Majeftics preva- lous Pamphlets
rications and injuftices in all his Papers and Meffages to the Parliament; fome published to de-
of them writ meanly, fcurriloufly and impudently, (among the reft, a moft fame His Ma-
jesty. Especially
execrable and blafphemous Paper called a Hue and, Cry after the King, upon his Needham's,
flight from Hampton, by one Needham that writ afterward the News-Book for entituled a Hue
them) in others more modeftly and politely, with a fine but falfe edge, which and Cry after
yet ferved to wound His Majeftis Reputation, and to carve to the Grandees
the fpoils of the Kingdom, which were to be fecured by thefe mifunderſtand-
ings.
But against thefe Writers there appeared a Champion of Loyalty, Judge Jen-
kins, who out of the Parliaments Wrath, (with the Earl of Cleveland, Sir Judy Jenkins
floutly vindi-
Lewis Dives, Sir John Stawel, and others Royalifts) was Committed to the cates the
Tower,and being brought to the Chancery-Bar,refuſed to own the Court and the King's Caufe
Authority thereof, and fo was remanded in Order to a Tryal at the Kings-Bench, and Party.
where in the mean while he fully Anſwered all thofe Cavils againſt the King, by
Reafon, Law, and from the Parliaments own words and Declarations, ridling
their nice, time-ferving diſtinction of the Kings Perfon and Authority, his Po-
litick and Natural Capacity, to be a meer Fiction never heard of before, and
that their as bold affumption of the Kings Vertial prefence in the two Houles,
was alfo and alike Treafonable, as he cited in the Cafe of the two Spencers, in
the 7 of Edward the 2. from their own Oracle Sir Edward Coke, in the 7 part
of his Reports, fol. 11. He then runs over the whole Cafe and ftate of the
Question and Dispute betwixt the Royalifts and Parliamentarians; which being
publifhed, incredible it is how greedily they were bought up, and how many
hontit people undeceived; fo that His Majefties Caufe was every where under
the nofe of the Faction well fpoken of. We will, for the honour, of that
Noble perfon, give this fhort and fummary account of it, as a Sea-mark
to Pofterity.
First, The Royalifts have aided the King in this War (contrary to the Parlia-
ments Negative Oath and Votes,) warranted by the Statute of 25 Ed. 2. ch、
2. They have maintained the Commiffion of Array by the Kings Command againſt
their Votes, by the Statute of the 5 Hen. 4. 3. They have maintained Arch-bi-
Shops, Bishops, &c. from Magna Charta, and many other Statutes. 4. They have
maintained the Book of Common prayer, warranted by five Acts of Parliament, in
Edw. 6. Queen Eliz. for Libels againſt which and Church-Government, ſome have
been Executed. 5. They maintained the Militia of the Kingdom to belong to the
King, from the Statute of the 7 Edw. 1. and many Statutes fince. 6. They
maintained the Counterfeiting of the Kings Great Seal to be High Treaſon, as like-
wife the ufurpation of the Kings Forts, Ports, and Shipping, &c. from the ſaid
Statute of 25 Ed. 3. and divers others fince, and the practice of all times. 7. They
maintain, that the King is the only Supreme Governour in all Cafes; the Parlia
ment, that his Majestie is to be governed by them. The former's warrant is the
Statute of Queen Eliz. &c. 8. They maintain that the King is King by an inhe-
rent Birth-right, by Nature, by Gods Law, and by the law of the Land; Thefe fay,
that his Kingly Right is an Office upon Truft. Their warrant is the Statute of
Ÿ 2
the
156
Part L
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
enlarged as the
the 1 of King James, and the 5 of Queen Eliz. 9. They maintain that the
Politick capacity is not to be fevered from the natural, vide Čoke, as before, their
Oracle, who hath declared to pofterity, that it is Damnable, Deteſtable, and Execra-
ble Treaſon. 10. They maintain, that who aids the King at home or abroad,
ought not to be molested or questioned for the fame. (Thefe practice the contrary-)
Their warrant is the Statute of 11 Hen. 7. 11. They maintain that the King
hath power to diſaſſent to any Bill agreed by the two Houſes, which theſe deny.
Their warrant is the Statute of 2 Hen. 5. the practice of all times, the 1 Car.
ch. 7. and 1 Jam. ch. 1. 12. They maintain that Parliaments ought to be bolden
in grave and peaceable manner, without Tumults; Theſe abet and keep guards of
armed men to wait upon them. Their warrant is the Statute of 7 Edw. 2.
13. They maintain that there is no State within this Kingdom but the Kings Majesty,
and that to adhere to any other State within this Kingdom is High Treafon. Their
warrant is the 3 of King Jam. and 23 Eliz. 14. They maintain that to levý a
War, to remove Counſellours, to alter Religion, or any Law eſtabliſhed, is Higb
Treafon; Theſe hold to the contrary. Their warrant is the refolution of the
Judges, Queen Elizabeth, and Sir Edward Coke. 15. They maintain that no
man should be impriſoned, put out of his lands, but by due Courfe of Law ; and
that no man ought to be adjudged to Death, but by the Law established. Thele
have practiſed the contrary in London, Bristol, and Kent. Their warrant is Magna
Charta, ch.29. The Petition of Right, 3 Car.and divers others. 16.They believe
what the Laws fay, that the King can do no wreng, that He is Gods Lieutenant,
and not able to do an unjust thing; Theſe charge Him with the ſpoil and blood
of His Subjects; which falfe imputation was like the reſt of their actions, con-
trary to all Law, Reaſon, Chriſtianity, or Humanity.
Judge Jenkins This eye-falve made the wilfully blinde more peevish, and fuller of ſmart
imprisoned, and and anguish, fo that they were refolved to have hanged him; but he had fo
Reftauration of hedged up their way to it, by upbraiding them with their former Illegal and
King Charles Tyrannical Cruelty, that they only kept him in a ftri& durefs, which was enlarged
the fecond. by degrees, till the time of Reftitution 1660, when he was in health, and at
perfect freedom.
He was a great ftickler likewife in the Feud betwixt the Presbyterian and
Independent, fiding with the Army, and doctrinating them with the Principles
of Allegiance, which they pretended to; and animating them againſt the Par-
liament, by perfwading them that all their Ordinances made for their Indem-
nity and Arrears, were infignificant and invalid, and were but fo many blinds
for the prefent; and that their fecurity and fatisfaction depended wholly upon
the King: which defigne of his, in that juncture of time, did operate ſucceſs-
fully, until the caule of the contention ceafing, Cromwel having mattered and
furmounted all the rubs to his defigne, the effect, the ruine of both, likewiſe
failed.
Miſerable now were the complaints from ſeveral parts of the Kingdom, by
reafon of the burden of Free-quarter. In the third year of King Charles, upon
The burden of the Expedition for the Ifle of Rhee, the Lords and Commons in their Petition of
Free-quarter.
Right, when not above 2 or 3000 Souldiers were thinly Quartered upon the
people, but for a Month or two, complained thereof to his Majetty as a great
grievance, contrary to the Laws and Cuftoms of the Realm, and humbly pray-
ed, as their right, according to the Law of the Land, that he would remove
it which his Majefty preſently granted Yet now, though the Country was
ten times more oppreffed, no remedy could be had; the Army under pretence of
Lodging, Fire, and Candle, taking all other neceffaries: for which if at any
time they pretended to offer money, yet durft none take it for fear of greater
damage, the ſpoiler being only triable by a Council of War. This, the Souldiers
Cromwel and were taught likewife by their Adjutators to load upon the Parliament, through
bis fuperaume- their neglect of paying them; when indeed the fupernumeraries with which
raries, the cause Cromwel daily recruited the Army, without any Authority, far beyond the
thereof.
pay
1647.
157
England, Scotland and Ireland.
pay or number'eſtabliſhed, was the cauſe of the Arrears, and this oppreffion of
Free-quarter for upon complaints thereof made in the Houſe, the Army being
quartered in ſeveral Brigades, fupernumeraries have been disbanded in one Bri
gade, their Arms taken by their Officers, and ſhortly after they have been lifted
again in another Brigade, and their Arms fold again to the State after a while,
to new arm them. By which means Cromwel had amaffed a Magazine of fuch,
which being lodged in the City, and rumoured by fome zealots to be for arming
fome Reformadoes, were now upon examination found to belong unto Him, and
fo the buſineſs was hufht up; which if they could have faftned upon the other
Party, fhould have been noifed for horrid Treafon.
By this grievance of Free-quarter they were doubly and trebly payed, taking
it in one place, and Compoſition for it in another, perhaps in three or four places
at once, by falfe Billets; yet nevertheless, though by thefe tricks they owed
money to the State, they demanded and compelled an Ordinance from the Par-
liament to fecure their Arrears of the 24 of December, whereby they had the
two thirds of Delinquents Eftates, mentioned or comprehended in the three
firft qualifications of them, in the Propofitions fent to the King at the Ifle of
Wight, and all the money arifing out of the remaining part of Bishops Lands,
appointed to be fold by former Ordinances; and the fum of 600000l. charged vast fums of
on the receipt of EXCISE, (with the Forreft-Lands and other incomes) for moneyrarfed for
the fecuring of the ſaid Arrears, to be iſſued out to the Treaſurers at War, to the Souldiery.
fuch and fuch perfons for the uſes aforefaid, in fuch manner as the Committee
of Lords and Commons for the Army, or any five of them under their hands
would limit and appoint; which was by way of Audit and Debentures, fold not
long after upon doublings on purchaſes of the Crown and other forfeited Lands
for Half a Crown in the pound, beſides innumerable cheats by counterfeit hands,
but more to the talk than trouble of the Kingdom, whofe general Note was
Caveat Emptor.
Debentures/old.
Wonderful it is (fince we have now mentioned that Dutch Devil, as it was
called, the Excife) what vaft fums of money the Parliament had raiſed by it,
amounting, as by their Ordinance of the 28 of August this year appears, to that
time, from its Commencement fome three years before, to One million three
hundred thirty four thousand five hundred thirty two pounds ten fhillings and
eleven pence half peny, clear, and deducted of all charges in the levying of it,
which defalked not above two fhillings in the pound. No wonder therefore The Excife an
they did fo carefully enjoyn and uphold this Tax, which had ſupported and en- exceſſive Tax,
abled them in all their atchievements; and upon this fcore they made it over to and carefully
the Souldiers, feveral Uproars and Tumults happening in the refufal of payment, Several refufe
upheld.
particularly at Smithfield-bars London, where the Butchers who then paid Excife to pay it, and
for the Flesh fold, at two fhillings in the pound, rofe and fired the Excife-houfe tumults happen.
neer adjoyning, with all the Papers of Books of Account; for which feveral of The Butchers at
them were tryed, but acquitted thereafter, that Duty upon Cattle, as likewife bars London,
upon all Salt made in the Kingdom, was wholly laid aſide. But a moft fevere fire the Excife-
injunction was now made for the continuance of the reft, and the refractory boufe: feveral
threatned with exemplary puniſhments.
of them tryed,
but acqitted.
督
​Smithfield-
So that while Cromwel could finde Men and Arms at ſuch a rate, and the Par-
liament fuch heaps of Money by feveral Revenues, it was in vain to think of a
Peace, when fuch vifible powerful advantages fubferved to thoſe wicked defignes
of inthralling King, Parliament, City and Kingdom, now mainly profecuted
by the Adjutators; but fo leudly and unfeafonably, that Cromwel, to palliate
his fecret impiety, abandoned one of the Ringleaders, one White, to his Execu- White a Le-
tion at Ware, by a Sentence of a Council of War, for mutinous fpeeches and veller Executed
Papers of the Levelling principle (but fufpected alfo to aim at himself) among Thompson
the Common Souldiers. Neer the fame time, one Tompfon of the fame Crue, condemned by a
was feized on in the Lobby of the Houfe of Commons, fuppofed to be ready Council of war.
with fome Impeachment or Articles against him, and condemned in the fame
manner by a Council of War. They cryed out of the King as ufelefs, and
at Ware. And
had
J
A
158
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
had got a Stork of their own making ten times more dangerous, who durft
cruſh them to Ruine in the very rife of his Ambition.
Theſe miſdoings, and no Government, highly diſpleaſed and incenfed the
people, who too late Serò fapiunt Phryges) faw how they had fool'd
themſelves into flavery; the refentments whereof became fo publike, and ſo
fearlefly Voyced, that the Parliament was conftrained to humour it, and to per-
fonate a ſerious ſtudy to an Accommodation. Hereupon, the fame 24 day of
December on which they had Voted Security for the Armies Arrears, (an ill
Omen of what Kindness they had for the King, whom they would not bate an
ace of their demands) their Commiffioners prefent to the King at Carisbrook
Cafile four Bills to be Paffed as Acts of Parliament, (with divers other Propoſals,
ned to humour fuch or worse than thofe at Hampton-Court) before any Treaty might be ad-
The Parlia
ment conftrai-
a Treaty.
mitted.
A
Four Bills ten-
The first was an Act with this Title, Concerning the raising, ferling, and main-
dred to the
taining Forces by Sea and by Land, within the Kingdoms of England and Ire-
King at the
Isle of Wight land, and Dominion of Wales, the Ifles of Gernfey and Jerfey, and the Torn of
before the Trea- Berwick upon Tweed; whereby it was to be Declared, That the Lords and Com-
ty should begin. mons then Affembled in Parliament, or whom they should appoint, (that was a
Council of State of Pickt Grandees) ſhould for twenty years have the Militia in
their difpofal, against the King, His Heirs, and Succeffors for that term, and after
that term the fame Power to be exercised by the King, but with the confent of the
Parliament, if they shall declare the fafety of the Kingdom to be concerned and the
Moneys raised for that purpoſe to be imployed by the fame perſons in the like man-
ner: Which was in effect, to take away the Kings Negative Voyce from him
and His Heirs for ever. Befides, it grants an unlimited Power to the two Hous
fes, to raiſe what Forces, and of what perfons they pleafe, and to raise money
in what fort, and as much, and of whom, as they (hall think fit, without any
reftriction or exception. The fecond was, An Ali for Justifying the Proceedings
of Parliament in the late War, and for Declaring all Oaths, Declarations,
clamations, and other proceedings against it to be Void; whereby they were to b` de-
clared to bave stood upon the Defenfive part, ( their Confcience prickt them with
their Blood-guiltin efs, and they would fain throw it off, and by adding more
Guilt to it, load it upon the Innocent; a wicked thift!) and be Indempnified (ftill
they are tormented) for all their paſt actions therein. The third was, An Aut
whereby all Titles, and Honour of Peerage, conferred on any fince the 20 of May,
1642. being the day that the Lord Keeper Littleton deſerted the Parliament, and
carried away the Seal, were Declared Void. And it was further to be Enacted,
that no person that ſhall hereafter be made a Peer, or bis Heirs, ſhall fit or Vote in the
Parliament of England, without the confent of both Houses of Parliament. The
fourth was, An Act concerning the Adjournment of both Houses of Parliament;
whereby it was Declared, that when and whither the two Houſes ſhall think fit to
Adjourn themselves, the faid Adjournments ſhall at all times be valid and good,
and ſhall not be judged or deemed to end or determine the Seſſion of this Parlia-
Their Propofals
to the King.
ment.
Pro-
The Propoſals were, 1. That the new Seal be Confirmed, and the old Great
Seal, and all things paſſed under it fince May 1642. be made Void.
2. That
Acts be Paffed for raising moneys to pay publike Debts. 3. That Members of both
Houſes put from their places by the King, be restored. 4. That the Ceflation in
Ireland be made Void, and the War left to both Houses. 5. Ihat An A&t of Indem-
pnity be paſſed.6. That the Court of Wards be taken away, and fuch Tenures turn-
ed into common Soccage. 7. That the Treaties between England and Scotland be
confirmed, and Confervators of the Peace and Union appointed. 8. That the Ar-
rears of the Army be paid out of Bishops Lands, Forfeited Eftates and Forrests.
9. That An Act be paffed for abolishing Bishops, and all appendants to them.
That the Ordinance of difpofing Bishops Lands be confirmed by Act. 11. That An
10.
A&
1047:
159
England, Scotland and Ireland.
去
​A be paſſed for the fale of Church-lands. 12. That Delinquents be proceeded
again, and their Eftates difpofed of according to their feveral Qualifications.
13. That an Act be puffed for discharge of publike Debts. 14. That Acts be
paſſed for fettling the Presbyterian Government and Directory, Fourteen of the
39 Articles revised by the Affembly of Divines, Rules and Directions concerning
Sufpenfion from the Lords-Supper. 15. That the chief Officers in England and
Ireland be named by both Houses. 16. That an Act be paſſed for the conviction of
Popish Recufants. 17. That an Act be paffed for the Education of the Children of
paſſed
Papists by Protestants. 18. and 19. Against Papifts, for levying penalties, and
probibiting the bearing of Maß. 20. An Att be paſſed for Obfervation of the
Lords day. 1. A Bill for Suppreffing Innovations.
Lords-day.
22. And Advancement of
Preaching. 23. And againſt Pluralities and Non-refidencie.
Withal, The Commiſſioners were to defire His Majesty to give His Royal Affent
to those four Bills by His Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England, Signed
by His Hand, and Notified to the Lords and Commons Affembled together in the
Houſe of Peers it not standing then with the fafety of the Kingdom for His Majesty
to do it otherwiſe, ( to wit, at London) and a Bill to be drawn for fuch Letters
Patents to be preſented Him, and then a Warrant to Edward Earl of Manchetter,
c. whereupon a Committee (hall be fent to the Ifle of Wight to Treat with Him
only.
It was not intended to fhew thefe fhapeless abortions of Laws, but that they
ſhould have been buried in their Chaos; yet being the (though unprepared)
matter of this beautiful Form of the Kings Anfwer, the darknefs of the one
occafioning and preceding the light of the other, they are here repreſented in
this unreaſonable lump and mafs: Nothing indeed fhews them better, or it may
be faid worse; fo that they need no Paraphrafe or Comment: Give me leave
only to infert the Scots fenfe of thefe Bills and Propoſals.
The Commiffioners of Scotland having understood the proceeding of the
Parliament in this bufinefs, now firft publikely protefted against it here, and
immediately followed the Commiffioners to the Ifle of Wight, where they like-
wife preſented His Majefty with this Paper.
L
declare their
There is nothing which we have more conftantly endeavoured, and do more earneſt- The Scotch
ly defire, than a good Agreement and happy Union between Your Majesty and your Commiffioners
Parliaments of both Kingdoms; neither have we left any means uneffayed, that by diffent from the
united Councils with the Parliament of England, and making joynt applications to Prepoſals and
Your Majesty, there might be a compofition of all differences. But the new Propofi- Bills.
tions communicated to us by the two Houſes, and the Bills therewith preſented to Your
Majefty, are so prejudicial to Religion, the Crown, the Union and Intereft of the
Kingdoms, and fo far different from the former proceedings and engagements be-
twixt the Kingdoms, as we cannot concur therein. Therefore we do in the name of
the Kingdom of Scotland, diffent from thefe Proposals and Bills tendred to Your
Majesty.
Lowden,
Lauderdale,
Charles Erskin,
Kennedy,
Berclay.
This was the first equal and good Office meant the King, though they had
greater concerns of their own; but it fomething ferved to juftifie the King to
His people in His refufal to Sign them. The Kings Anfwer was as followeth,
>
•
A
-
For
}
1
{
160
His Majeflies
Aufwer to the
Bills, &c.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
For the Speaker of the Lords Houfe pro tempore,
to be Communicated, &c.
CHARLES REX.
1
Part I.
He neceffity of complying with all engaged Interests in theſe
great distempers for a perfect Settlement of Peace, His Ma-
jefty finds to be none of the least difficulties he hath met with fince
the time of His afflictions; which is too visible, when at the fame
time that the two Houses of the English Parliament do prefent to
His Majefty feveral Bills and Propofitions for His Confent, the Com-
miffioners for Scotland do openly protest against them: so that were
nothing in the cafe but the confideration of that difference, His Mà-
jefty cannot imagine how to give fuch an Answer to what is now
propofed, as thereby to promise himself his great End, A Perfect
Peace. And when his Majesty further confiders, how impoffible it
is in the condition he now ftands) to fulfil the defires of his two
Houses, fince the onely ancient and known ways of palling Laws, are
either by his Majefties perfonal Affent in the House of Peers, or by
Commiffion under his Great Seal of England; He cannot but won-
der at fuch failings in the manner of Address which is now made
unto him, unless his two Houfes intend that his Majesty shall allow
of a Great Seal made without his Authority, before there be any con
fideration had thereupon in a Treaty; which as it may hereafter ha
zard the fecurity it felf, fo for the prefent it ſeems very unreaso-
nable to his Majesty. And though his Majesty is willing to believe that
the intention of very many in both Houses, in fending thofe Bill's
before a Treaty, was onely to obtain a Truft from him, and not to
take any advantage by paſſing them to force other things from him,
which are either against his Confcience or Honour; yet his Majefty
believes it's clear to all understanding's, that theſe Bills contain
they are now Penned not onely the devesting himself of all soves
raignty, and that without poffibility of recovering it, either to him
or his Succeffors (except by repeal of these Bills) but also the ma-
king his Conceffions guilty of the greatest preffures that can be made up-
on the Subject, as in other particulars, fo by giving an Arbitrary and
unlimited power to the two Houses for ever, to raiſe and levy, for Land
and Sea-fervice, of what perfons (without diftinction and quality Jand
to what numbers they pleafe; and likewife for the payment of the Ar-
rears,to levy what monies, in fuch fort,and by fuch ways and means,
Cand confequently upon the Estates of whatsoever perfons) as they shall
think fit and appoint, which is utterly inconfiftent with the Liberty and
Property of the subject, and his Majefties Trust in Protecting them:
So that if the major part of both Houſes fhall think it neceſſary to put
the rest of the Propofitions into Bills, hic Majefty leaves the world to
judge how unfafe it would be for him to Confent thereunto; and if
not, what a strange condition (after puffing those four Bills ) 'his
Majesty and all his subjects would be cast into. And here his Ma-
jesty thinks it not unfit, to wish his two Honfes to confider well of the
manner of their proceeding; That when his Majesty deſires a perſonal
Treaty with them for the fetling of a Peace, they in answer propose
i
as
the
I
}
1647.
161
England, Scotland and Ireland,
the very subject matter of the most effential part thereof, to be first
granted; a thing which will be hardly credible to pofterity: Where-
fore his Majefty Declares, That neither the defire of being freed from
this tedious and irksome condition of life his Majesty hath so long
Suffered, nor the apprehenſion of what ſhall befal him in cafe his two
Houfes fhall not afford him a perfonal Treaty, ſhall make him change
his Refolution of not-consenting to any Act, till the whole be conclu-
ded. Tet then he intends not onely to give just and reaſonable ſa-
tisfaction in the particulars prefented to him; but also to make good
all other Conceffions mentioned in his Meffage of the 16 of Novemb.
last, which he thought would have produced better effects, than what
he finds in the Bills and Propofitions now prefented unto him.
for a perfonal
And yet his Majefty cannot give over, but now again earnestly His Majeły a-
preſſeth for a perfonal Treaty, (ſo paffionately is he affected with the gain preſſeb
advantages which Peace will bring to his Majefty, and all his Sub- Treaty.
jects) of which he will not at all deſpair, there being no other
visible way to obtain a well-grounded Peace.) However his Ma-
jesty is very much at eafe within himself, for having fulfilled the
Offices both of a Chriftian and a King, and will patiently wait the
good pleaſure of Almighty God, to incline the hearts of his two Hon-
Jes to confider their King, and Compaffionate their fellow-Subjects
Miſeries.
Given at Carisbroke-Castle, Dec. 28:
I. mons.
On the third of January following, this Anfwer was debated in the Houfe Sir Thomas
of Commons. And firft Sir Thomas Wroth had his Cue (fet by the Faction) Wroth flies
to run high, and to feel the pulse of the Houſe; which was uttered in this, or high, and in-
the like Expreſſion: That Bedlam was appointed for Mad-men, and Tophet the King in the
veighs against
for Kings; That our Kings had carried themselves of late as if they were fit for House of Com
no place but Bedlam: That his Humble Motion fhould confift of three parts.
To fecure the King, and keep him in fome cloſe Inland-Castle with Guards. 2. To The History
draw up Articles of Impeachment against him. 3. To lay him by, and ſettle the
of Independency,
Kingdom without him. He cared not what Form of Government they fet up, fo it
P. 70.
were not by Kings and Devils.
Then Commiffary Ireton feeming to
fpeak the ſenſe of the Army, under the notion of many Godly men, who had
ventured their Lives to fubdue their Enemies) faid after this manner.
*
The King had denied Safety and Protection to his People, by denying the four Bills: He is feconded
That Subjection to bim, was but in lieu of his Protection to bis Peoples this being by Commiary
denied, they might well deny any more Subjection to him, and fettle the Kingdom Ireton.
without him. That it was now expected, after ſo long patience, they should fhew their
refolution, and not defert thofe Valiant men who had engaged for them beyond all
poffibility of Retreat, and would never forfake the Parliament, unleß the Parlia-
ment for fook them first.
After fome more debate, when the Houfe was ready for the Queftion, Crom-
wel brought up the Rear; and giving an ample Character of the Valour, good
affections, and Godliness of the Army, argued,
That it was now expected the Parliament should Govern and Defend the King And both of
dom by their own power and reſolutions, and not teach the people any longer to ex- them backed by
pect Safety and Government from an Obftinate Mant, whofe heart God had hard- Cromwel.
ned. That thofe men who had defended the Parliament from fo many dangers, with
Z
the
162
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
who laid his
Hand upon his
Sword; not
long before baf-
fled by Sir
Philip Sta-
pleton.
The Parlia-
War.
}
Non-addreẞ to
the expence of their blood, would defend them herein with Fidelity and courage
against all oppofition. Teach them not, by neglecting your own and the Kingdoms
Safety, (in which their own is involved) to think themſelves betrayed, and left
hereafter to the Rage and Malice of an irreconcileable Enemy, whom they have fub-
dued for your fake, and therefore are likely to finde his future Government of them
infupportable, and fuller of Revenge than Justice; Left defpair teach them to feek
their fafety by fome other means then adhering to you, who will not stick to your
felves; and how deftructive fuch a refolution in them will be to you all, I tremble
to think, and leave you to judge. - At the latter end of this contrived
Speech, he laid his Hand upon his Sword, that Sword which by his fide could
not keep him from Trembling, when Sir Philip Stapleton ſome while before
baffled him in the Houfe of Commons.
Now we discover thefe two Matchiavels, avowing in a manner their ends and
defignes, which they had hitherto cloaked by fair pretences to the King, and
charged upon the Adjutators: And henceforward we fhall fee them ufing all
manner of fcelerate practiſes to promote their Confpiracie. This bold Harangue
and Menace fo far availed them, that the Parliament over-awed therewith,
after a long debate, from 9 in the morning till night, upon the firft of the en-
fuing Votes, the Houſe being divided, 141 Yeas, to 91 Noes, came to theſe
following Refolutions; the other three,except the laft,being carried more cafily :
They were prefaced with a fhort Declaration (yet of twelve days deliberation)
dated the 15 of January, in thefe words.
Die Sabbathi 15 Januarii 1647.
The Lords and Commons Aſſembled in Parliament, after many Addreſſes to his
ments Deciara- Majestie for the preventing and ending this unnatural War, raiſed by him against his
tion, wherein Parliament and Kingdom, having lately fent four Bills to his Majeflie, which did
they make the contain only matter of Safety and fecurity to the Parliament and Kingdom, refer-
thor of the ring the compofare of all other differences to a perfonal Treaty with his Majestic,
King the Au-
thor of
and having received an abfolute Negative, Do hold themselves obliged to use their
utmost endeavours fpeedily to fettle the prefent Government in such a way as may
bring the greatest fecurity to this Kingdom in the enjoyment of the Laws and Li-
berties thereof; and in order thereunto, and that the Houſes may receive no delays
Their Votes of nor interruptions in fo great and necessary a work, they have taken theſe Refolu-
the King, 16 tions, and paſſed thefe Votes following, viz. Refolved upon the Question,
Janua. 1647. the Lords and Commons do declare, that they will make no further Addreffes or
None to ap- Applications to the King. 2. That no Application or Addreß be made to the King
ply themselves by any person whatsoever, without leave of both Houses. 3. That the person or
Leave from both perfons that shall make breach of this Order, shall incur the penalties of High
Houfes. Treafon. 4. That the Lords and Commons do declare, that they will receive no more
whosoever doth, any Meffage from the King; and do enjoyn, that no person whatsoever do prefume to
to incur the pe- receive or bring any Meſſage from the King, to both or either Houses of Parliament,
nalties of High or to any other perfon. Which Refolves by. their Order were Printed, and by
That they will the refpective Members difperfed into the Counties, to give notice of the in-
reccive no more tended ſeverity againſt the Offenders.
to him without
Treason.
Meffages from
1. That
the K. and en- But this was not all; they would be thought to do this from Right Reaſon,
joyn all persons
Not to bring any and therefore they ſecond this Refolution with another Remonftrance, as far
from him.
beyond the other delivered at Hampton-Court, for filly and ridiculous imputa-
They publish a- tions, as that from Duty and Truth: The old, ftale, and exploded Stories of
nother Remon- Rochel, and the lile of Rhee, Ship-money, Monopolies, &c. for which the King
Sir Arthur had given them fatisfaction,being numbred again into this Charge. They would
Haflerig's Bro- fain have made ufe alfo of that Story of the Plaifter applied to King James by the
ther fuborns one Duke of Buckingham; but their fubornation failing, which was attempted by
Smalling to
vilifie the K. Sir Arthur Hafelrig's Brother, who produced one Smalling for that purpoſe,
ftrance.
who
1647.
163
England, Scotland and Ireland.
who difppointed them, as to the Papers he was faid to have as proofs thereof,
(it being a most notorious lye) they let that falfhood alone, and betook them-
felves to more plaufible, yet ſelf-guilty criminations.
cunts.
But all thefe devices and fig-leaves could not hide the guilt of their actions
the people every were loathing to be abuſed any longer with theſe fictions of
mifgovernment, when they perceived what mafters of mifrule they had proved
themſelves. This the Grandees found at fome conferences with the City,
whom ſtill they thought to have befooled and ſweetned out of their money, but
foon faw they were mistaken. The Art of perfwafion had loft its power; and
plain force, if any thing, was to be uſed; which as the cafe ftood, they durft
not venture: for the Town was full of rage and madneſs, and expected but the
firt blow. However, the richer fort referved themſelves, as equally flaves to
the Army and Riches. From this difficulty therefore they turn to a more facile
undertaking, hoping to délude the King, whom his hard reſtraint could not but
have foftned to their hands and though Colonel Hamond upon the delivery of col. Hamond
the Kings Anfwer to the Propofitions to the Commiffioners, had turned away turns away his
His Majefties Servants, and made Him a clofe prifoner, (telling the King, who Majefties Ser
demanded the reafon of it, that He was acted by ill Counfels to the destruction of the King a
the Kingdom, and that He did it by Authority of Parliament,before they knew the clos Pron.
faid Anſwer, which the King ſaid they would never reply to) yet was he now
employed by Cromwel, during the force of theſe Votes, to make new Offers to
the King from the Army, the drift being to get Him to own the Army, as He
had formerly done against the Parliament, till by that means His Friends re-
pofing themſelves likewife on their integrity, and the people alfo amufed, they
might of a fudden irreſiſtibly destroy Him. To this purpoſe they cajoled Co-
lonel Aſhburnham, and Sir John Berkley, whom Hamond yet retained about the
Kings Perſon, to convey their poyfon of perfidy more unfufpectedly into the K
and the Earl of Southampton was likewiſe dealt withal; but he better under-
ftood them, and declined all manner of commerce or correfpondence with them,
having had the advantages of liberty,and opportunity of prying into the Cabal.
Several perfons were employed as Meffengers in this tranfaction, who were ne-
ver queftioned or puniſhed, as the Refolves had declared.
,
King.
Col. Hamond.
Very many, as was faid before, were the difcontents of the people againſt
the Parliament, ready, but for fear of the Army, to burft out into Infurrections;
when the near fenfe of the Kings Captivity, whofe fighs were imagined to be
heard in the Ifland, ſo affected one Captain Burleigh lately of the Kings Army, Captain Bur-
and then an Inhabitant there, that not able to endure his Princes fufferings and leigh beats a
injuries, he beat a Drum in the Ifland, intending to gather a force fufficient to Drum in the
Island for the
refcue Him from His Impriſonment, but was quickly feized and fuppreft by
Hanzond, who fent him over to Winchester, in order to his tryal by a (pecial Com- He is fuppreft
miffion of Oyer and Terminer. Againſt which time, one Major Rolf, accuſed by and seized by
one Osborne a Servant of the King's, of a defigne to have affaffinated Him Major Rolfac
(which accufation was with much ado admitted, though Rolf was like to be cufed for defign-
torn in pieces by the Citizens of London, upon his feizure in Bishops-gate-freet, ing the Kings
meerly upon the bare Rumour of his Crime) was brought down from the Gate- death.
house, and tryed there likewife by the fame Judge and Jury. The matter was fhopf-gate-
delegated to Serjeant Wilde, and Sir H. Mildmay, betwixt whom and the ſaid ſtreet.
(packt) Jury, Burleigh was found guilty of High Treafon, for levying War Capt. Burleigh
againſt (becauſe for) the Kings and the other, Rolf, quitted by Ignoramus, Executed at
for his wilful intention of parricide. Captain Burleigh courageously fealed his Feb. 16.
Cauſe with his blood, dying a Loyal Martyr for the King and his Country, and
is worthily infcribed into that Roll, though the ftupid, and Subjects uncom-
paffionate of their Princes miferies, accounted him rafh, and inconfiderate.
Upon this Attempt, Hammond fends to the Parliament for an additional
ftrength to maintain the Ifland; and Rainsborough, who was newly put in the
place of Vice-Admiral Batten, a Presbyterian, and who had done good ſervice, the Parliament
(though now the Independents were poffent of all places) was Commanded to guard the
Z a
Seized iz Bi-
Wincheſter,
10.
Rolf quitted by
Ignoramus, by
the fame Fury.'
Rainsborough
commanded by
with Lands
1
}
164
The Army de-
clare for the
Parliament.
Many gallant
perfons put to
death in Seot.
land.
Gordon and
another of his
name executed
at St. John-
ftons. Sir Ro-
bert Spotf-
wood executed.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I
with his Fleet to furround the Iſland, and to guard it: and next, out comes a
Declaration of the Army, wherein they promife to live and dye with the Par-
liament in purſuance of thefe Votes; and fo for a while they piece together again
like Herod and Pilate, where we leave them, and caft a look into Scotland
and Ireland.
Scotland this year was infamous for the butchery and death of many gallant
perfonages, taken at the defeat of Montroß at Philipsbaugh, whom the Covenan-
ters having carried up and down with them, till they fetled at St. Johnstons,
there Executed them. The firft whereof was Colonel Nathaniel Gordon, and
Col. Nathaniel another of his noble name; then Sir Robert Spotswood, a man of mot polite
and deep learning, eſpecially in the Oriental Languages: he was made the Kings
Secretary of Scotland, in the place of the Earl of Lanerick; which, together
with his other abilities, accelerated his end. His laft words were, Jefu
bave mercy on me, and gather my ſoul with those that have run before me in this
Race. Next to him, Mr. Andrew Guthrey, Son to the Biſhop of Murray.
Mr. Andrew And laſtly, Mr. William Murray, a young Gentleman of fome 19 years old, Bro-
Guthery and ther to the Earl of Tullibardin, who moſt magnanimously encountred Death,
Mr. William behaving himſelf (as he ſaid His End would prove) as the greatest bonour of his
Family. For this Blood Scotland hath fince pretty well fatisfied the Divine
Justice; I pray God it be yet fully expiated and attoned. There efcaped out of
their clutches the Lord Ogleby, the day before his defigned Martyrdom, difgui-
fed in his Sifters apparel. To conclude thefe Funerals in Scotland, Ferdinando
Lord Fairfax, (Father to Sir Thomas the General) whofe Barony is Scotish, dyed
about the fame time of a Gangrene, occafioned by cutting a Corn on his tõe;
and devolved that Honour to Sir Thomas.
Murray execu-
ted. Lord Ogle-
by escapes.
Ferdinando
Lord Fairfax
dyeth of a Gan-
grene.
In Ireland, upon the advance of the Rebels in fo formidable a poſture againſt
Marq. of Or- Dublin, the Marquefs of Ormond was forced to capitulate with the Parliament;
mond deliver-d in June, according to agreement, delivered that City to Colonel Jones, and
eth Dublin to other Parliament-Commiffioners, who brought over with them 1000 Foot and
Col. Jones.
500 Horſe; and the Marquefs came over into England, and attended the
The Marqueß King at Hampton-Court, and in his removes with the Army, with an account
of Ireland, till upon his going into the Isle of Wight, he tranſported himſelf in-
to France, and from thence (not long after) back again into Ireland, by the
Kings Commiffion, with the above mentioned Forces, fome recruits out of Eng-
land, and other broken Troops of the Marqueffes, amounting in all to 3000.
Colonel Jones refolved to march againſt the Iriſh, who under the Lord Preston,
within 12 miles of Dublin, met him at a diſadvantage, and totally routed him,
killing many, and taking fome few prifoners, the rett efcaping with difficulty
to Dublin.
attends the
King.
Goes into
France, thence
into Ireland.
Col. Jones
routed.
Col. Jones
kills $470
Iriſh neer
Trim.
Prefton hard-
Ly efcap es, and
joyns with
O Neal.
The Lord Inchi-
queen defeates
the Lord Taaf.
Dec lares for
the King,
The Parliament had undertaken the War, and were therefore troubled at this
unſucceſsful beginning; but chey prefently re-inforced Jones, who taking cou-
rage, met with the fame Enemy again, and neer Trim utterly defeated him,
crying over and above quits with him for his laft defeat. After his two Wings
had diſcomfited the two Wings of the Irish by plain Valour, their main Battle
of 3000 Foot betook themſelves to a Bog, where the English followed, and
made great flaughter: thoſe that efcaped thence, the Horſe killed. This
flaughter (one of the greateſt during all the War) was reckoned juft to 5470.
The Commander of them, with Preston, hardly escaped, and joyned with O'Neal,
who lately had given a terrible defeat to the Scots in Ulfter. Upon this Victory
twenty feveral places yielded themfelves to Jones, who omitted not to profe
cute his fuccefs, till the Winter fummoned him to his quarters at Dublin.
Neer the fame time the Lord Inchiqueen had a like good fuccefs in Munster
against the Lord Taaf, where he killed near 3000. But the Parliament de-
figning to out him of his Command, (he being Prefident of that Province)
and to confer it upon the Lord Life or Brogbil, to that purpoſe endeavouring
to ſecure his perfon and convey him into England; he declared againſt the Inde-
pendent prevailing party in England, and for a ſpeedy compofure with the King;
and
1647.
165
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
Lord.
and forthwith joyned his Forces with the faid Lord Taaf, who with a part of and joyneth
that Catholick Army had declared folely for the King. This fpoiled all the with the faid
Triumphs. of Jones his Conqueft, and made the Parliament look about them;
Ireland being by this means further from being reduced, than it was the first
day of the Rebellion. An enterprife Cromwel refolved to undertake, when he
had overcome the difficulties of his Invafion, and ufurpation of the Govern-
ment in England. In the mean while a Treaty was fet on foot by the Faction The English
with O Neal, and the Lord Inchiqueen's Commiflion taken away; fome of his Faction Treat
Treacherous Officers (put upon him to that purpoſe, as Spies, by the Parlia- with O Neal.
ment ) revealing and depofing his correfpondencies with the Presbyterian par-
ty of the Parliament, who were by the faid Examinations fworn to have pro- miffion taken
cured their pardon of the King, to act for him for the future: which Inde- from him.
pendent Fetch (to beget a new Impeachment) bringing us back into England,
we proceed in the affairs thereof, where we ſhall fee the Scene altered; the do-
mineering Army, and their Grandees at Derby-houſe, (which managed all)
feeking fhelter for their outrages.
The Lord Inchi-
queens Com-
Non-Addrefes:
Army.
The House of Lords had fcrupled the paffing of the Votes of Non-addreffes, The House of
10 againſt 10: but the Army quartering at the Mews and at White-Hall, made Lords fcruple
them come to it: whereupon, the next day, the Army gave them their the Vote of
Thanks; and with thoſe another piece of Journey-work, which was compriſed they at last pas
in a Meffage fent down from them to the Commons, to defire their concurrence it, and are
to the Engagement of thofe Members that fled to the Army, to live and dye thanked by the
with the Army. It was debated all day until 7 a clock at night, and then the
queftion put, That this Houfe doth approve the Subfcription of the faid Members to
the faid Engagement; which was carried in the affirmative by 10 Voices. To pro-
fecute this project (now that the Army was afraid of the Scots advance, there
being fufficient ground of quarrel, as they had ſet forth in their Papers) they
would have the Parliament and City to own their late forcing of them, if cal-
led to account for it, ( fee the baſe viciflitudes of Villany! now infolent, then
moſt fordidly fearful.) [Nor repeating all the Adjutators faid to this fubfcri-
bing the Engagement, where they acknowledge, That they Rule by Power one-
ly, and that the House of Commons is no longer theirs than they over-awe them;
and they fear the Critical day will come, which will discover the Parliament to be no
longer theirs, than while they have a force upon it.] The Independent party The Indepen-
Propoſed to unite all Interefts in the Houfes, City, and Army; and Crommel dents Propoje
made a Speech in Parliament to that purpofe, but was fnapt up by a Member, terefts in the
to unite all In-
That they were chofen and trusted by the people to pursue one Common intereft, and Houfes, City
Common good, Safety and Liberty of the People; and whofoever had any peculiar and Army.
Interest eccentrick from that, was not fit to Sit in that Aſſembly, and deferved to be Cromwel
called to a strict account by thofe that trusted him. And one of Cromwel's Agents,
And one of Cromwels Agents, to that purpole:
makes a speech
Mr. Glover, was employed to the City on the fame errand, who offered them he is confronted.
the releaſe of their Aldermen, then Priſoners, and the fetting up their Pofts and Glover fent to
Chains, upon a mutual agreement; which the City likewife generously reje- the City, and
cted, as forefeeing the Scots Invafion; and therefore denyed any correfpon- rejected.
dency with them; upbraiding them with their paft actions, and reiterated
Violences.
Cromwel was troubled at this rejectment; but refuming his wonted impu- Cromwel trou
dence, taxed his Agents by what Authority they had made that Overture; who bled thereat.
producing his own, he falfly renounced it. Yet the plot ceafed not here; his
implacable malice caft about prefently another way to effect his mischievous
intent againſt the City; of which fuddenly, leaving him to prepare againſt the
ftorm for Scotland, whofe preparations we now fpeak of.
The Scots Commiffioners, upon the faid Votes, had defired to know whether The Scots Com
they did exclude them, or the Subjects of that Kingdom, from any Addreſſes › miffioners figni-
and had anſwer by an Interpretative Vote, that they were left at liberty, and and depart
fie their defires,
might make application, &c. They then demanded the Arrears of money due, home.
and other mutual ftipulations according to Covenant; which being delayed, they
departed home.
This
166
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Committee
at Derby-
houſe grows
powerful.
The Parliament
fend Commif-
fioners into
Scotland.
The Scots fet
forth an angry
Declaration.
That and their
Covenant is
flighted.
This netled the Derby- Houfe blades, which from a Committee of Safety, (as it,
was conſtituted in the beginning of the War) being a joynt Committee of
Lords and Commons of both Kingdoms, was now become a Committee of
Danger; the power of the former being vefted wholly in thoſe perfons, Engliſh
only (with fome other Independent Grandees added in the room of fome de-
cealed) remaining of that Juncto; whereupon, by their appointment, the
Parliament fent Commiffioners to Scotland, two Lords, the Earl of Nottingham
and another; and four Commons, whereof Mr. Ashurst was the chief; and
two Clergy-men, Mr. Marſhall a Renegado and Spy, and Mr. Herle; who did
no more there but give conftant notice of the Scots refolutions, and the for-
wardneſs of their Levies.
In the mean time comes an angry and expoftulating Declaration from Scot-
land, where, as uſual, the Covenant was mentioned; but with fuch fcorn recei-
ved, and ſo opprobriouſly vilified, that of all its former veneration in that place,
it was now thought worthy only of a Sirreverence. This Declaration was
long debated, and feveral Poftilions employed betwixt this and Edinburgh,
with Lenitives, Invectives, Explanations, Corrections, and fuch fort of fcribling,
The Scots mad but all to no purpofe. The Scots were mad for another Expedition, being in-
for an Expedi- vited by (the beft pay-mafters) the City of London; and a better Caufe, which
might affure them of freer and more welcom entertainment; befides the un-
known reward of Victory, if it ſhould prove their good fortune to restore the
King; whofe condition is the next confideration, which we have elegantly de-
fcribed by himſelf, in his Declaration in Anſwer to the Votes of No further
Addreffes.
tion.
His Majesties
elegant Decla-
ration in An
[wer to the
Votes of no
further Addref
Jes.
*
A
To all my People, of whatfoever Nation,
Qualification, or Condition.
, nor receive
MI thus laid afide? and must I not speak for my felf? No,
I will speak, and that to all my people, (which I would rather
have done by the way of my two Houses of Parliament, but that
there is a publike Order neither to make Addreſſes to
Message from me.) And who but you, can be Judge of the Difference
betwixt me and my two Houses? I know none else: for I am fure
it is you, who will enjoy the happiness, or feel the mifery of good or
ill Government; and we all pretend who shall run fastest to ſerve
you, without having a regard (at least in the first place) to parti-
cular Interefts. And therefore I defire you to confider the State I am
and have been in this long time, and whether my Actions have more
tended to the publike, or my own particular good. For whosoever
will look upon me barely as I am a man, without the liberty (which
the meanest of my Subjects enjoys) of going whither, and converfing
with whom I will ; as a Husband and a Father, without the comfort
of my Wife and Children; or laftly, as a King, without the least shew
of Authority or power to protect my diſtreſſed subjects; must con-
clude me, not only void of all natural Affection, but alſo to want
Common Underſtanding, if I should not most chearfully embrace the
readiest way to the fettlement of thefe distracted Kingdoms. As al-
fo on the other fide, do but confider the Form and Draught of the Bills
lately prefented to me, and as they are the conditions of a Treaty, 'ye
will conclude, that the Same Spirit which hath still been able to
fruftrate all my fincere and conftant endeavours for Peace, hath had
A
1647.
167
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
a powerfull influence on this Meffage: for though I am ready to
grant the ſubſtance, and comply with what they seem to defire; jet,
as they had framed it, I could not agree thereunto without deeply
wounding my Confcience and Honour, and betraying the Trust re-
pofed in me, by abandoning my people to the Arbitrary and Unlimi-
ted Power of the two Houses for ever, for the levying and maintain-
ing of Land and Sea-Forces, without diſtinction of quality,or limita-
tion for Money and Taxes. And if I could have paffed them in
terms, how unheard-of a condition were it for a Treaty, to grant be-
fore-hand the most confiderable part of the Subject Matter? How
ineffectual were that debate like to prove,
wherein the most potent
Party had nothing left to ask, and the other nothing more to give?
So confequently how hopeless of mutual compliance? without which,
fettlement is impoffible. Besides, if after my Conceffions, the two
Houses Shall insist on thofe things from which I cannot depart, how
deſperate would the condition of theſe Kingdoms be, when the most
proper and approved Remedy fhould become ineffectual? Being
therefore fully refolved, that I could neither in Confcience, Honour,
or Prudence pass thofe four Bills, I only endeavoured to make the rea-
fons and justice of my denial to appear to all the world, as they do
to me, intending to give as little dissatisfaction to the two Houfes of
Parliament (without betraying my own Caufe) as the matter would
bear. I was defirous to give my Answer of the 28 of December last
to the Commiſſioners fealed (as I had done others heretofore, and
Sometimes at the defire of the Commiffioners) chiefly because when
my Meffages and Answers were publikely known before they were
read in the Houses, prejudicial interpretations were forced on them,
much differing, and fometimes contrary to my meaning. For ex-
ample, my Answer from Hampton-Court was accused of dividing
the two Nations, because I promised to give fatisfaction to the Scots
in all things concerning that Kingdom; and this last fuffers in a
contrary fenfe, by making me intend to interest Scotland in the
Laws of this Kingdom, (the which nothing is or was further from
my Thoughts) because I took notice of the Scots Commiffioners
protesting against the Bills and Propofitions, as contrary to the In-
terefts and Engagements of the two Kingdoms. Indeed, if I had
not mentioned their diſſent, an Objection, not without fome proba-
bility, might have been made against me, both in respect the Scots are
much concerned in the Bill for the Militia, and ſeveral other Pro-
poſitions, and my filence might ſeem to approve of it.
But the
Commiffioners refusing to receive my Answer fealed, I (upon the
Engagement of theirs and the Governours Honour, that no other uſe
fhould be made or notice taken of it, than as if it had not been ſeen
read and delivered it open unto them; whereupon what hath fince
paſſed, either by the Governour in diſcharging most of my fervants,
redoubling the Guards,and restraining me of my former liberty,(and
all this, as himself confest, meerly out of his own dislike of my An-
fwer, notwithstanding his beforefaid Engagement;) or afterwards
by the two Houses, as the Governour affirms, in confining me within
the circuit of this Caſtle; I appeal to God and the World, whether
miy
1
t
}
168
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
my ſaid Anſwer deferved the Reply of fuch Proceedings; befides the
the unlawfulness for Subjects to Impriſon their King. That by the
permiffion of Almighty God I am reduced to this fad condition, at
which as I no way repine, ſo I am not without hope, but that the
fame God will in due time convert thefe afflictions unto my advan-
tage. In the mean time, I am content to bear thoſe croffes with
Patience, and a great equality of minde. But by what means or oc-
caſion I am come to this relapſe in my affairs, I am utterly to ſeek;
eſpecially, when I confider that I have facrificed to my two Houses of
Parliament (for the Peace of my Kingdoms) all, but what is much
more dear to me than my Life, my Confcience and Honour; defiring
nothing more, than to perform it in the most proper and natural way,
A Perfonal Treaty. But that which makes me most at a loß, is, the
remembring my ſignal complyance with the Army and their Interefts,
and of what importance my complyance was to them, and their often-
repeated Profeffions and Engagements for my just Rights in general,
at New-Market, and Saint Albans; and their particular Explana-
tions of theſe generals, by their voted and Revoted Proposals, which
I had reason to understand should be the utmost extremity would be
expected from me, and that in fomething therein I should be eaſed,
(herein appealing to the Confciences of fome of the chiefest Officers
in the Army, if what I have faid be not punctually true) and how
I have failed of their expectations, or my profeſſions to them, I chal-
lenge them and the whole World to produce the least_colour of rea-
fon. And now I would know what it is that is deftred: Is it Peace?
I have fhewed the way, (being both willing and deſirous to perform
my part in it) which is a just complyance with all chief Interefts.
Is it Plenty and Happiness? they are the infeparable effects of Peace.
Is it Security? I, who wish all men would forget and forgive like me,
have offered the Militia for my time. Is it Liberty of Confcience?
He who wants it, is most ready to give it. Is it the right Admini-
ftration of Justice ? Offices of Trust are committed to the choice of my
two Houfes of Parliament. Is it the Arrears of the Army? Upon a
Settlement they will certainly be paid with much eafe; but before,
there will be found much difficulty, if not impoffibility in it.
Thus all the World cannot but fee my real and unwearied Endea-
vours for Peace, the which (by the Grace of God) I shall neither
repent me of, nor ever be flackned in, notwithstanding my paft, pre-
fent, or future fufferings: But if I may not be heard, let every one
judge, who it is that obftructs the good I would or might do. What
is it that men are afraid to hear from me? It cannot be Reaſon (at
least, none will declare themselves fo unreasonable as to confeß it ;)
and it can less be impertinent or unreasonable difcourfes, for thereby
peradventure I might more juftifie this my Reftraint than the Caufers
themſelves can do: So that of all wonders, this jet is the greatest to
me.
But it may be easily gathered hence, how these men intend to
govern, who have used me thus. And if it be my hard fate to fall
together with the Liberty of this Kingdom, I shall not bluſh for my ſelf,
but much lament the future miseries of my People,the which I shall still
pray to God to avert, whatever becomes of me.
C. R.
So
1648.
169
England, Scotland and Freland.
So we have attained the end of this bustling year, the 23 of King Charles the
first, wherein the Pen laboured more than the Sword, and the politick Matchi-
avel-Head of the Army combated all oppofition with the fame fuccefs as their vi-
ctorious Arms lately before; their power now appearing Paramount, and from
whence the Kingdoms were to expect their future Government, unleſs they
could be able to maſter and difperfe that Formidable Hoft, now joyntly and
unanimouſly concurring with their aſpiring and Rebel-Leaders.
And behold,
the next year gives us a proof of a noble and gallant Attempt for the recovery
of Englands Majefty, Liberty and Safety; but the anger of Heaven was not yet
neer appeaſed!
Anno Dom. 1648.
"Hat the beginning of this calamitous and black year might correfpond
and fuit with its end, (as the annual revolution thereof was never better
affimilated, than by the antient Hieroglyphick of a Serpent rounding its tail to
its Mouth; the Serpentine windings of this monftrous Rebellion, terminating
at the Head of their molt facred Soverain) the Grandees of the Faction fol-
lowing that State-principle, That it is as great prudence to keep as to win an Em-
pire, refolved to put out (as the accurfed Philiftins did to Sampson) the eyes of
the Kingdom, that ſo they might make ſport with our Laws, Franchiſes, and
Priviledges, and then ruine and fatally deftroy us; at laſt feparating the Head
from the Body Politick, in their enfuing monftrous Regicide.
niversity of
Learned Sch.-
To this purpoſe, under the notion and term of a Vilitation of the Univerſity The Parlia
of Oxford, (whereby Authority from the Parliament was delegated to certain ments Vifita-
Inquifitors, fuch as were mancipated to their intereft, of Clergy, and fome tion of the u
more moderate Laity; fuch as were the two Wilkinsons, Cheynel, Rogers, Lang- Oxford, and
ley; Sir Nathaniel Brent, Efquire Tipping, Mr. Palmer, and others: to whom turning out of
was added (as chief of this Commiffion) Philip Earl of Pembroke, with the the Loyal and
Stile and Title of Chancellour of the faid univerfity.) The aforefaid perfons lars.
proceeded to the ejectment of above two thirds of the Heads, Fellows, and The Earl of
Students of the refpective Colledges, the moſt eminent for Learning, and Piety, Pembroke
and Duty to the Church, and Loyal obedience to His Majefty; for no other made by then
reaſon, but that they would not ſubſcribe and recognize, that the two pretended the University.
Chancellour of
Houſes had any Right or Authority to vifit that Univerfity; which by the known
antient Statutes thereof, and the Laws of the Land, is invefted only in the King,
and fuch as He from time to time ſhall depute thereunto.
By this moft wicked practiſe and Dilemma, of either ruining men, or vio-
lating their Confcience, they had nearly barbarized thofe Fountains of Learning;
with no leſs rage and fury inveighing againſt thoſe Confeffors of the Royal
Caufe, than the Goths did to Old Rome, fparing neither young nor old; even
very Children, fuch of 16 years, being outed of their places, upon the fame
ſcore, and under pain of death, (having endured a civil death already) by
poſting up their names at St. Maries Church-Gates, Commanded within 24
Hours to depart that City, or to be taken and proceeded againſt as Spies. It
will indeed rather require an Elegie, or fome Satyrical Lamentation, than an
Hiftory, though I could not pass it, out of reverence I owe my Mother, and
having but flightly touched the fame rudeneffes done to Her Sifter of Cambridge
by Cromwel and his Complices; and out of commiferation to thofe Noble per-
fons that fuffered this perfecution, who (though perhaps the Commonwealth
may recover this lofs by timely recruits of Literature ) do no doubt irremedi-
ably rue this their violent Revulfion out of that Bofome, where they might
and ought to have been cheriſhed to a competent vigour, enabling them to
ferve the Commonwealth, and their own thus enforced neceflities. Sed
quo vebor ?
A a
By
t
170
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
:
By thefe and the like diftempers and pains in every part of it, England be-
gan now to be Heart-lick; and thoſe ambulatory running Humours which
fpread through the whole mafs of the people, to Center at laft in the Metro-
polis, the City of London; which had more fuccefsfully broke out, but for the
oppofition it met with from the then Lord Mayor, Alderman Warner, Penning-
ton's own fecond, a Factious and Seditious perfon, who diſcountenanced it by
Warner Lord the Authority of his place, appearing at the firſt hubbub thereof openly againſt
Mayor of Lon- it. The manner was as followeth.
don, a faili
ous perfon.
A Timuit and
Infurrection
Alderman
78 London by
the Boys and
Prentices, Apr.
9.
Sir Thomas
On the 9 of April, being the Lords-day, a number of Apprentices (as was
ufual) were playing in Moor fields, in the aiternoon; (for the Parliament had
abrogated all H lydays, and by a venerable Order had appointed one day in
every Month for their Recreation, in lieu of thoſe Feſtivals, after much coil and
many elaborate Petitions, and reference to, and reports from Committees of
both Houſes concerning them) which being told to a Company of Trained-
Bands then upon the Guards, whofe Officers were fome precife Schifmaticks,
they came into the Fields, and comnianded them to depart; which they refu-
fing or delaying, they fired fome Pieces at them: whereupon the Boys incenſed,
took up Stones, and couragiously fell upon them, and routed them, taking from
them their Enlign, which in a tumultuous and childish bravery they marched
with into the City; and being increaſed with additions like themſelves, affron-
ted the Mayor, and made him haftily retire to his own Houfe for Sanctuary,
whither they followed him, and feized on one of the Drakes he had planted
for his defence, and thence marched to the ſeveral Gates, which they likewife
fecured; more especially Ludgate, which lay neereft their Enemy the Army,
who were then quartered at White-Hall and the Mews, they guarded with the
fame Drake: The City remaining the reft of that day and night in great ter-
rour and confufion, the Rabble crying out for God and King Charles; but no
Perfon of Quality undertaking their Conduct, or to bring them into Order and
Difcipline.
In the mean while, the Army-Guards take the Alarm; and conceiving it
dangerous to venture into the City by night, kept themſelves in a readineſs
for the morning, when Sir Thomas Fairfax himself entred by Alderfgate with
Fairfax with Horfe and Foot, who fell a fcouring the Streets, and driving this unarmed and
part of the Ar- ungoverned Multitude before them, wounding and killing divers innocent
my entrs,quells perions, Men, Women, and Children, in a cruel and hoftile manner, until they
it, and difper- came to Leaden-ball, where the Apprentices entred, and endeavoured to main-
Seth them.
Kenley and
Matthews, the
one a Vintner,
the other a
Meal man,con-
demned; but
reprieved by the
mediation of
Alderman
Tichborn, and
afterwards
pardoned.
tain it: But the avenues thereof being found defenceless, and themſelves not
ftrong enough, beſides want of neceffaries requifite thereunto, they wifely ( and
more prudently than any thing they did before) flipt away and ſhifted for
themſelves, few or none falling into the Armies hand; but fome upon enquiry
afterward, in the beginning of the Commonwealth, were diſcovered, and arrai-
ned of High Treafon, for levying War, &c. Two of whom, a Vintner and a
Meal-man, Kenfey and Matthews, were convicted and condemned; but by the
mediation of Alderman Tichborn (one of the beft deeds likewife he ever did)
were reprieved, and by the fame means at laft pardoned, and affumed by him,
for a demonſtration of his goodneſs, to be the guard to his perfon on publike
Trayning days.
う
​This Infurrection, or Riot rather, was quickly noifed to the uttermoft parts
of the Nation, where it was reported and received with great advantage, as
we uſually fancy and credit what we expect to the encouraging of all honeſt
people to rife now and follow this example, and redeem and reſcue their Re-
ligion, Laws, Lives and Liberties now at ftake: for neither the feveral nor uni-
ted practices of Parliament and Army, Presbyterian nor Independents, could
impoſe upon them any longer. Nor was there an eafie belief given to this
check of that Tumult, but was fuppofed an Artifice, and one of their old Lies,
with which they ftuffed their News-Books, fince the whole Nation faw how
they had irritated the City by their infolent carriage towards them,in changing
their
1647.*
171
England, Scotland and Freland.
their Militia, &c. fo that it was undoubtable they would embrace and improve
the first opportunity.
ales, thy fe-
Whereupon, as the next Scene of this years Tragedy, Colonel Laughorn, Poy Col. Laughorn
er and Powel, who had done notable fervice for the Parliament in Wales, roft in Foyer and
Pembroke-fhire and Flint-fhire, to neer the number of 8000 men.
They had the King is
Powel, rife for
been by the Council of the Army (which was Authorized always by the Pai
liament) ordered to disband, ( as being men of better and furer principhs than re Pen
they durft confide in, in order to their fubfequent defigns) which they under- broke and
ftanding the drift of, refuſed, and flew to their Arms; and for the trurgthen- Tenby Castles.
ing of their. Party, Declare for the fettlement of the King and Kingdom, and
gave notice to the Prince, who then iffued out Commiffions as General for his
Father, of their intentions and prefent poſture, having fecured Tenby-Cathe,
and the Town and Cafile of Pembroke, to the fame end. This fudden and
threatning defection put the Juncto at Derby houfe to their dumps, when ano-
ther Exprefs brought news that the like effects were to be looked for from
North Wales, where Sir John Owen was rifen with a Force, and had d.frated Chepstow ca
and taken Prifoner the High-Sheriff that oppofed him; and that Sir Nicholas
file furyrized
Kemish (an eminent Cavalier) had likewife furprized Chepstow-Cattle: to that is Remith:
by Sir Nich c-
all Wales was like to be loft, without a blow ftrucken, from the late Conquer- and Sir John
ors, who therefore hattened away Forces to re-cftablish their Dominion, and Owen in AYRS
fupprefs thefe dangerous beginnings.
for the King
in North-
10
Over thefe Colonel Horton was now Commiffioned, for the reducing thofe Wales.
new and old Royalifts; Crommel being (if occafion fhould require) preparing col. Hi rton
to fecond him. Horton with the Stafford and Worcester-Forces, and part of the feat to pyje
Army quartering thereabouts, advanceth against Langhorne, his whole power thom
confifting of not above 3000 men; with whom making more haft than good
speed, a party thereof being under the Command of Colonel Fleming, fell un- Commands a
Col. Fleming
awares into an Ambufcado, and were most of them cut off, the rett heltring party again't
themſelves in a neighbouring Church, were forced to render at difcretion: the Royalells: be
which Fleming feeing, and defpairing that he ſhould be able to answer this ever- is jet won and
fight at a Council of War, or for fome other caufe, laid violent hands upon violent hands
voured, lays
himſelf, and fo dyed. Horton no way daunted with this inaufpicious entrance, on himself, and
marched up and faced the Enemy, who fhewed themfelves upon the hills and dieto.
places of advantage, making their Hubbubs to call the Country to their affiftance.
In their defcent whence into more even ground, the Parliamentarians defperately
Engaged with them, no way prepared, or thinking of fighting that day,
(though Langborn refolved to fight before Cromwel fhould come up, who was St. Fagons
then on his way) and having laid an Ambuſcado behind fome Shrubs and Hed- fg: May 8.
ges in a Meadow, did fo gall and terrific theſe raw and undifciplined Britons, defeats Laug-
that they could not be made to ftand, or to keep any order,but annoyed their fel- hörn-
lows, and gave the Parliament-Horfe opportunity to engage their whole Body;
which being vigorously profecuted and maintained, the whole Army ran, fome
1500 killed, 500 Officers, befides 3000 Prifoners taken, with all their Am-
munition, Bag and Baggage: But the chief Officers, and ableft Souldiers, got Cromwel´ends
fome into Tenby, and others into Pembroke, whither Cromwel came prefently, Col. Eure to
and Befieged them both.
Col. Horton
attempt Sir
Nich. Kemish.
In his advance whither, that he might not give Sir Nicholas Kemish leave or Chepftow-ca-
leifure, and time to neftle in his acquifition, he fent away Colonel Eure to at- file retakes,
tempt him; who having a fufficient itrength, refolved forthwith to ftorm Chep- May 25,
ftow-Caſtle, (having before Loyally refufed all manner of Treaty) which fuc- Sir Nich. Ke-
cessfully was attempted, and a difaftrous flaughter made; the refolute and cold biol.
mish killed in
noble Knight being killed in cold blood. Sir John Owen's Forces were like sir Jo Owen's
wife at the fame time fuppreffed by Major-General Mitton, and himſelf likewife Forces fuppref-
taken prifoner.
fed by M. Gen.
Mitton, and
Cromwel was now joyned with Horton; by whofe united Forces, Tenby was himself takez.
first stormed, and then yielded upon difcretion; but Pembroke was a harder bit, Cromwel joyas
being naturally and artificially well fortified, and as well manned, though not with Horton:
proportionably and yieldeth.
Tenby stormed
A a 2
172
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Pembroke be-
Sermon.
proportionably stored with neceffaries; and two or three Parliament-Ships lay
before the Haven to keep out all fupply, if the Prince fhould have endeavoured
it, who was then at Sea; of which prefently.
But Cromwel's impatience of loitering before a fingle Town, in a corner of
fieged by Oli- the Kingdom, when the Scots were advancing upon the fame account with the
ver Cromwel. befieged into England, put him upon a refolution of ftorming it; to which
glorious and facile work Hugh Peters by his Sermons and Stories of Jericho
Hugh Peters
encourageth his animated the Souldiers. Accordingly Approaches were made, and a Line
Souldiers in his drawn round, within Carbine-fhot of the Works, and the night and hour ap-
pointed for their talling on; the Horfe being drawn up, and in the dark got
clofe under the Gates, to be ready at the opening of them by their Foot when
entred. The befieged fufpecting this ftilnefs of the Leaguer would end in a
Storm, had as clofely prepared for the onfet; juft about the time thereof, calling"
off their Guards and Centries, and making femblance of betaking themfelves
to reft; when with great fury the Parliament-Foot fell on, and having planted
their Ladders, fcaled the Works, the Trenches being filled with men like to a
fwarm of Bees, making haft to get over; which being the deſigned advantage,
the Flankers of the Town difcharged all their Cannon laden with Chain-fhot,
and fo fwept the Trenches, that not a Ladder was ftanding, abundance of men
killed and maimed, and left therein, the reft forced to retreat, being pelted fore-
right from the Walls, and thofe that were entred knockt on the Head, fome few
onely eſcaping and becoming Prifoners.
Pembroke
formed to the
befiegers loß.
But at length
delivered.
and London
Petition for
Peace.
This fo daunted the Army, that Cromwel thought not fit to expose them any
more to fuch danger, but to block and ftarve them out, which the Befieged
perceiving, and no hopes of Relief, and being already pinched with want, they
bethought themſelves of making Conditions in time, while the late Storm was
yet in recent memory, and fome regard had to their ftrength and courage, and
while Cromwel was himfelf there; upon which account they entred into a
Treaty, whereby Crommel was too hard for them: For giving good terms to
the Souldiery and the inferior Officers, who were willing to accept of lefs, he
referved their three Leaders to difcretion, and fome Superiour Commanders to
two years Baniſhment; and fo having quieted that Welch commotion, haftned
on his Expedition against the Scots.
ſo
While all things appeared now ready to run into worfer and more deſperate
mifchiefs, equally feared from a new War, and that cicatrized and more perilous
Peace we had rather paft than enjoyed, during the quarrelling Intrigues of the
Independant and Presbyterian parties; firft the County of Effex, though not fo
Effex, Surry, confiderably, then the neighbouring County of Surrey, thought it a good and
neighbourly Office to the Parliament, to give them a tafte (in fair and civil
language, and peaceable quiet deportment) of the whole Kingdoms refentment
of their proceedings with the King, that fo without any more effufion of blood,
a ſtop might be put to thofe threatning evils, that vilibly were imminent upon
the Nation. To this purpoſe, a calm, milde, and rational Petition was with all
humility,and without any tumultuous diforder attended on by a numerous,yet ci-
vil,and a well-reputed train)preſented to the two Houſes on the 16 of May,by the
hands of the prime Gentlemen of that County, who were preſently ordered to
withdraw, and await their Anſwer, while in the mean time the Faction gave
notice to the Guards at White-ball and the Mews to come and free them from
this (otherwiſe unanſwerable) Addreſs.
The Guards of
the Army fall
upon them, and
perfe them.
In the interim, the Honeft Country-men underſtanding their Anſwer was
refpited, and that the chief of their County would onely be admitted to receive
it, withdrew themſelves to feveral Inns in Westminster, to put up and refreſh
their horfes and themſelves, where they found the Troopers very quarrelſom,
and telling them, that there was no room, nor fcarce accommodation for the
Army, which made moft of them go into the Suburbs; when prefently the
Guards of Janizaries marched in halte into the Hall, and fell a hewing and
cutting (without any expoftulation of the Petitioners buſineſs there,) and
with
ہو
:
!
1647.
173
England, Scotland and Freland.
!
with ſome flaughter, and more terrour, drove them into the Palace-yards. föme are killed,
Among the reft that were killed, was the Miller of Wandsworth, a ftout Fellow,
and who died not unrevenged,being cut and run through with a Halbert, the reft
ſcattered and difperfed themſelves, being in no capacity of refittance, and carri-
ed home their Answer for Peace, written in the red Letters of their Fellows Blood.
This Petition had been Subfcribing a Month before, and much order and ex-
actneſs uſed therein; but one Rubrick blot dafht it into nothing: the Trium-
phant Grandees never knew the ways of Peace, and this method to it retorting
their own practices in the beginning of our troubles, was moſt diſtaſtful; for it
diſcovered to the people that the right prayer of Petitions was onely for Parlia-
mentary Priviledges, and that the Liberty of the Subject was but a ſubſervient
pretence: They had attained the mystery and mafterſhip of Government, and
therefore thoſe filly Rudiments were to be forgotten; but if their Crue would
Petition against the King and their Country, (fo was our Engliſh ſpirit charmed
and transformed before) they ſhould be honoured with the Title of the well-
affected, and have the thanks of the Houſe for nothing.
This fanguinous reception of fo innocent a Paper, was highly refented every The Kentish
where; but the Kentish-men reflected moſt upon it, who were then in a readi- Infurrection
neſs with a Petition to the fame tenor, believing the Parliament would never May 24.
fo far vary from that principle they had fo mainly held forth and afferted, viz.
the Peoples right of declaring their grievances to that High Court: But now
fadly convinced of that opinion, they refolved to fave their honour, and their
Journey to London; not to be baffled by Red-coats, or to travel up on a fools
errand, but with their fwords in their Hands, which was the onely reaſon then
prevailing, to reduce thofe by force to their duty, they could not induce by the
moſt urgent and winning intreaties, and accordingly appointed a Rendezvous
neer Rochester, to refolve upon the affair, and chufe their Officers. On the 24 voze neer Ro
of May they affembled together, and named the Lord Goring Earl of Norwich cheſter, Lord
(then upon the place) for their General, being their next Countryman of Goring Earl
Suffex, though they had pitcht upon the Duke of Richmond then at Cobham;
who declined it, out of his incapacity for action, or that Command. Hither
alfo reforted many hundreds of London-Prentices, the chief and flower of the
Youth, with many of the Old Cavalry; and many thouſands more had gone,
but that all the ways from London thither were fo laid, that there was no paffage,
the River of Thames being guarded with the like diligence, and feveral adven-
turers, and well-willers to the King and the quarrel, intercepted.
They Rendez-
of Norwich
their Gentral.
the Militia
again to the
'Twas therefore thought hazardous to dally with fuch an Enemy who in-
creaſed every hour, being already formidable, not for the number onely, but
the confiderableness, experience, and gallantry of them: fo that the General
himſelf with all the Forces he could make, being 8000, fix of Foot, and two of
Horſe, drew out againſt them: which advantage (as it was defigned and
hoped the Citizens might have taken; but it ſeems the Army was fenfible of
that; and fince they could not keep it, were contented to part with the Militia, The Army yield
and leave it according to that eſtabliſhment which they fo abominably quarrel-
led before; which artificial kindness fo obliged the City, that though feveral city, and cajole
promiſes had been made of their concurrence with the grand defigne, Colonel them.
Culpeper negotiating and preffing their ſpeedy refolution and Declaration for the
King and Kingdom, at the very fame time at Guild ball, to his no little danger Col. Culpeper
and honour; yet would they not by any means or arguments of their Honour endeavours to
perfwade the
and Safety, be drawn into any publike undertaking; not minding that ftory of City to Declare
Polyphemus to Vlyffes, whofe onely favour to him was, that he fhould be eaten for the King:
up laft. And it was a strange confidence in them, to think that their Militia they refire.
could ſecure them, which before had feen fo fcurrilouſly and contumeliouſly
wrefted from them; when they were upbraided in 47 that they were not able
therewith to preserve the City, much leẞ the Parliament or the King. However,
they now undertook both the former; Skippon,instead of noble Brown, being ac- Skippon made
cepted (a meer boſom-Traytor to them) as their Major-General, at the falary of Major-General
609 1. per annum.
Fairfax of London,
t
17+'
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Maidflone-
fight June 2.
Fairfax therefore fecurely and refolutely advanceth againſt theſe Kentish For-
ces; and understanding that the Body of the Army quartered about Rerbeter,
whoſe Bridge was broke, he refolved to pass the River of Medway fomething
lower neer Maidstone, and fo march toward them. But the Royalifts fentible,
and fore-judging he would attempt that way, had manned it with 1500 men,
of the refoluteft and willingeft of their Army, confifting chiefly of London- Au-
xiliaries; who though furprized by Fairfax's ſudden approach, who had receiv-
ed intelligence from fome Traitors within the Town, at what diftance and in
what fecurity the Army lay difperfed, did yet make a moft maħful refitance.
The first Difpute (after a flight skirmish at Crayfield-heath by Gravesend ) hap-
pened at Northfield-bridge, the paſs to Maidstone, whither Fairfax fent Major
Husbands with a ftrong party before him, himſelf marching with a full Body,
not trufting altogether to his Kentish intelligence. Major Husbands after a
fharp and hot conteft prevailed, more for fear of the approach of the whole Ar-
my, than his own ftrength; when yet that handful of men daringly engaged
this whole Body, and fought very much of their ground with fuch pertinacious
valour, that Fairfax (then troubled with the Gout) was forced to light out
of his Coach, and to lead his men on in perfon for their animation, the fervice
proved fo tedious and defperate. At laft the Royalifts (fresh fupplies overpow-
ring them) were beat up to the Barricadoes of the Town, where they made a more
bloudy defence than in the Fields and Hedges, repelling the Enemy twice:
And being thence beaten into the Town, did worfer annoy them than ever be-
fore, firing out of the Windows and Leads, and ufing all thofe ready Engines.
of death which the Houſes afforded, to the very great flaughter of the Red-
The Royalifts coats, fo that it was 6 hours compleat before the Town was fully gained; and
had the Royalifts from Rochefter moved to their relief, it was more than proba-
ble the Army had been utterly baffled, and the Quarrel at an End. Of the
Kentish were killed 300, and almoft 1000 taken Prifoners, with 4co Horfe, 8
pieces of Ordnance, and fome Ammunition. Fairfax confeffed they were the
tougheſt Enemy he had met with in England. The Fight began at 7 a clock at
night, and laſted till midnight.
Routed
Earl of Nor-
wich and
Kenti Forces
But the main Body under the Earl of Norwich, inſtead of coming to their
reſcue, marched in haft away for Black-heath, where moft of the Kentish-men
at Black beath, leaving him not above 500) deferted him. (The reaſon of their not ſecond-
ing their Fellows, was reported to be this: The one half of them was march-
ed to Dover, and thoſe places, to ſeize on thoſe Caftles, and fecure that Country,
and ſo weakened the remaining Party.) For feeing few come in to his affiftance,
which was to be afcribed to the ftrict care and induftry of Major-General skip-
woors the City pon, they thought then of the fafeft courſe. From Black-heath the Earl fent a
for pallage, de- Meffage to the City of London, defiring free paffage through it, and declaring
nied, Ferries
the intentions of his undertaking: But they flatly refufed any fuch thing,
into Effex
though fome former affurances had been given of their joyning in the defigne;
June 3.
whereupon, the Royalifts were forced to Ferry and Swim their Horfes, and Boat
themſelves into the Ifle of Dogs, and ſo to Mile-End-Green, whence afreſh they
Sollicited the City to partake in this Honourable Confederacy; but they were
deaf to all fuch perfwafions; their Major-General and his Tarriers inveagling
them with the honesty and good refolutions of the Army, both to them and the
Kingdom.
The Effex-Foi-
ces joya with
him at Bow.
Sir Charles
Lucas their
General.
Thence the Earl marched to Stratford-Bow, where joyned with him the Effex-
Forces, under the Command of Sir Charles Lucas, whom they had unanimouf-
ly choſen for their General, being under colour of a Mufter, Rendezvouzed
by Colonel Far, a Gentleman of that County; whence they were drawn to
this place, to countenance and favour any Loyal attempt in the City, and to
encourage them to fhew themſelves Men and Subjects. But that hope proving
more and more vain, fo wretchedly ftupid were the Londoners, they marched
They seize the into Effex; and by the way, feized upon the Arms and Ammunition that then
Earl of War- lay in the Earl of Warwick's Houſe at Leez, (as then in open hoftility againſt the
Prince)
wick's Arms,
1648.
175
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
Prince) and fo further into the County, until at laft they fetled in the Town and march to
of Colchester.
Colcheſtér:
Fairfax underſtanding of this Go-by, and their conjunction, having diſpatcht
away Colonel Rich and Colonel Bark(tead with their Regiments, to reduce and
free thoſe Caſtles which the Kentish-men (as aforefaid) had taken, with all
haft paffed his Army over at Gravesend, to make the quicker purfuit after them,
having underhand received recruits and fupplies both of men and money from
Skippon to re-inforce him, who every day privately lifted men for the Service.
At Colchester the Lord Capel, (with fome Horfe of his own raifing) met him: Lord Capel
and a Troop of Veterane Royalifts from London, who fought their way at Ep- affils them
ping, with fome Army. Horfe, laid to obftruct all additions from the City by
that Road, came alfo entire at the fame time, juft as the Van of Fairfax his
Army was Skirmiſhing at the Towns-end, where they fo peppered the Enemy,
that in great confufion he ran to the Body, having had an Effay what Sparks
he had to deal with. Sir George Lifle was made Major-General of the Effex- Sir George
Forces, and the rest of the Army diftributed into Regiments, and diftinct Com- General of the
mands, and had their pofts and places affigned them.
with a party
of Horje.
Lifle Major-
Efex-Forces
The Town was inconfiderable, either in it felf, as being intenible and unde- for the King.
Colcheſter
fenfive, nothing but a Breft-work caft up about it; and as to the adjacent parts Siege.
of the County, to receive any provifional relief or great Force into its fo that
there was no hopes of fetling or planting in it, for in all probability it was not
thought poffible to hold out a Month to an end; nevertheless, by their induſtry,
courage, vigilance, and patience, it held out three compleatly, againſt a victo-
rious Enemy, recruited (as aforefaid) and affifted with the Forces of the Neigh-
bouring County of Suffolk, on whom defervedly the flaughter principally fell,
for fo bafely engaging againſt (whom they had promiſed to joyn with) theſe
Effex-Royalifts. Several attempts were made by Fairfax to take the place by
Force, and many Sallies were in requital made by the Befieged, who both in al-
fayling and defending did great Execution. From the beginning to the ending
of the Siege ſcarce a day paffed without actions from within, at firft to fetch
in Cattel, then to cut Grafs, which was ftained all over with Blood; for the
Befieged would have it, who had now planted fome Cannons upon St. Mary's-
Steeple, whence they cruelly annoyed the Leaguer. Infomuch that Fairfax
ſeeing the loss of his men, and the courage of the Defendants, gave over his re-
folution of Storming, proceeding with his Approaches to begirt them clofe, and The Lord Lu-
fortifying his Camp to ftarve them, and alſo to fire them out; which forced cas (Sir
the Befieged to burn the Suburbs, that he intended for fhelter; but he poffeft Brother) his
the Lord Lucas his Houfe (Sir Charles his Brother) and ruined it.
Charles his
Houfe ruined.
The condition
of the befieged.
The proviſion they had in the Town (beſides what they fought for and
brought in afterwards) would not fuffice for above a Month; and all hopes
were abandoned of getting in more; yet the courageous and generous fuffer-
ance of theſe Loyal Souldiers, refolved to undergo all mifery rather than yield,
and fo free the Army to march against the Scots, who were now entred Eng
land upon the fame account. Their main fupport was the fauce and reliſh to
their meat, good ſtore of Prunes and Plums with which the Town was ftored,
that did a little palate their Horf-flesh to them, which they were forced to kill and They eat horse-
drefs for their victuals,a good while before their Surrender there was alſo ſome flesh.
Corn, which Sir Charles charitably diſtributed among the Townf-folk, but the
Souldiers borrowed it again in their extremity: in which we must leave thefe
Noble Gentlemen, and take a view of other concurrent endeavours for the King
and Kingdom.
į
The Fleet which the Parliament had ftollen,and debauched from their Duty by The Fleet comes
their first pretences, perceiving that indeed they were but fuch, and no more, in, and render
repenting of their paſt ſervice, did, to fatisfic for their former offences, now turn themselves to
the Prince, Ju-
fides, and rendred themſelves to the Prince, now made Captain-General of His
ly 27.
Fathers Forces. The Parliament had fome inkling thereof, and therefore had ei comman-
Commiffioned Colonel Rainsborough (a Sea-man formerly) to the Command der Col. Rains-
thereof, borough fet on
Shore.
1
Part I
176
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Prince in
Yarmouth-
Road with the
thereof, whom the Loyal Mariners fairly put on Shore, having pofed him with
this Queſtion, of engaging for their Soverain; and at the fame time their for-
Vice-Admiral, mer Vice-Admiral, Sir William Batten, now Knighted by the Prince, being diſ-
afterwards Sir banded by the Independent Rulers, as more honeft than they would have him,
Will. Batten, brought fome other Ships to His Majefties Obedience. With this Naval Force
brings more
the Prince departed from Holland, and came into Tarmouth-Road, where it was
Ships to the
Prince.
deliberated, whether he ſhould land, and attempt the Relief of Colchester. There
were then in company with Him, His Illuftrious Brother the Duke of Turka
(who in April before had happily escaped from St. James's, (where he was
Duke of York, kept by the Earl of Northumberland his Guardian) by the conduct of Colonel
Pr. Rupert, Bamfield, who was employed therein by the Queen; the Duke pretending to
E. of Brain play in the dusk of the Evening, was difguifed in Maiden-habit, and landed
Hopton, Lord fafely at Dort in Holland) Prince Rupert, the Earl of Brainford, the Lords
Wilmot, Lord Hopton, Wilmot, Willoughby, (who had deferted the Parliament, having
Willoughby,
been charged, imprifoned, and affronted by the Army) and Culpeper, and
other Gentlemen, but underſtanding that Colonel Scroop was attending there-
about, they concluded it hazardous to venture the reputation of the Princes firit
Arms upon fo well-appointed an Enemy, and thereupon weighed Anchor, and
flood into the Downs.
ford, Lord
The Prince
a Fleet.
The Navy confifted of 20 Ships of War, moft of the firft and fecond Rate;
the other Frigats,well manned and furniſhed, which anchoring neer the Mouth of
the Thames, put the City into great fear; no Ships poffibly going in or out
without the Princes permiffion, a Hamborough-bound Ship richly laden being
takes a Ham- feized on by him. In all hafte therefore the Parliament order their old Admiral
borough-fhip. Robert Rich Earl of Warwick to Equip another Fleet then in the River, and to
Lord Rich
fet to Sea; hoping by his Authority and influence to reclaim their Revolters;
Earl of War-
wick, Admi- or if not, upon the coming of more Ships from Portsmouth (which accor-
Tal for the Par- dingly joyned with him) to fight the Prince. In purfuance of this Command,
liament, order- Warwick appears with his Fleet about Quinborough; but for all his former in-
ed to fet forth dearedneſs to the Sea-men, and their affection his Mafters confided in, he durft
not engage, left a total defection might have enfued: for the Mariners were
grown fenfible how Trade, and confequently Navigation was decayed by the
long continuance of the War; and had more kindneſs befides for Batten, than
Prince fummons they had for the Earl, which the Prince was fenfible of, and therefore in civil
terms, by a Meffage required him to ſubmit, and bring in the Fleet under his
Command, offering him thofe advantages, and fo obligingly inviting him to
fuch juft ends and purpoſes, thatof all the unhappineffes that befel that Noble-
man, (as there were many in his Family and Relations afterwards,) this his refu-
fal made the greateſt breach of his Honour, as appeared to him not long after
this, when he was ignominioufly turned out as a dangerous perfon by his Ma-
iters, and faw his onely Brother murdered by their Hands.
Earl of War-
wick 'at
Quinbo-
rough, the
bim.
He refuseth.
In the mean while of Warwick's preparation, the Prince, that he might not
ſeem to be unactive, and to have done nothing worthy his adventure and pre-
fence, landed 500 men to the Relief of Sandwich, Walmer, and Deal-Caftles,
beſieged as abovefaid. At Deal they were first oppofſed; and though they did
as much as poffible could be expected from men, yet were they finally vanquish-
ed by the unerring victorious hand of the Army-Forces; whereupon inſtantly
enfued the rendition of thoſe Caſtles; and the Prince, without any other effect
than a perfwafive Letter fent to the Houfe of Lords for the obtaining of a Per-
ſonal Treaty with his Father, which ſoon after enſued, ſet fail for Goree in Hol-
at Gorec in land, where he Anchored his Ships: Warwick vauntingly following him, and
demanding the States to thrust them out to Sea, according to the laws thereof;
but the States were civiller and wiſer: Prince Rupert therefore was conftitu-,
made Admiɣal. ted Admiral thereof
ted Admiral thereof, whofe Navigation we fhall in its place duely ob-
ferve.
Prince Charles
with the Fleet
Holland,
Pr. Rupert
To profecute and advantage the fame Royal Intereft, another defigne was laid
in Surrey, where neer Kingston appeared fome 500 men, under the Command
of
1648.
177
England, Scotland and Ireland.
in Arms at
Petre, &c.
of the Earl of Holland, with the Duke of Buckingham, the Lord Francis Vil- Earl of Hcl-₁
liers his Brother, the young Earl of Peterburgh, the Lord Petre,and others; but land appears
they no fooner rofe,but Colonel Rich and Major Gibbons were upon the back of Kingſtor, Jr-
them, as they Rendezvouz'd between Ewel and Nonfuch-Park.
Sir Michael ly 7. accompa-
Livefy joyned alſo with the other Parliament-Forces, and preſently attaqued nied by the D.
thele upstarts, who had intended for Rygate, but were compelled to fteer their of Bucking-
ham, the Lord
courfe for Kingston; in the way whither, they were all along skirmished: for, Francis Vil-
to preſerve their few Foot they had placed before, they were forced to march liers, the young
flowly. In one of thofe onfets, the nobly-fpirited Lord Francis (being too far E. of Peterbo-
engaged by his metalfom courage) was taken Prifoner, and refufing Rebels rough, the Ld.
quarter, was bafely killed by a mean and rude hand; with whoſe fall fell the They are atta-
courage of all the other. For Holland having gotten the Town, gave the qued by Sir
Foot opportunity to ſhift for themſelves, and poſted away with his Horfe to St. Michael Live-
Neots in Huntington-fhire, where the next day he and his Party was furprized to forces a
by Colonel Scroops Regiment of Horfe, Colonel Talbeir (formerly a great Par- mentarians.
liamentarian) being flain in the defence of his quarters; the Duke of Buck- Lord Fran-
ingham and the Earl of Peterborough escaped into Lincoln-fhire, and fo beyond cis Villiers
flain. Earl
Sca, leaving their Eftates to fatisfie for their offence; and the Earl of Holland of Holland
was fent Frifoner to Warwick-Cattle, where he continued till he was removed flies zato Hun-
to his Tryal and his Death.
tington-bire,
(v's and
other Parlia
to Warwick-
To fum up all the difaftrous events of this Second War, as it was called, and is taken by
c. Scroop.
(though the mention and hopeful concerns of Peace fhould orderly and of right Col. Da bier
intervene, a Perfonal Treaty being now Voted, of which prefently) we must flain. Duke of
look Northwards, where, on the 13 of July, the Scotch Army, after tedious Buckingham
debates and ſtruglings with the Kirk and Presbyterian party of that Kingdom,
and E. of Pe.
terborough
entred England bringing with them a D claration containing the fe five points. escape beyond
1. That the King be forthwith brought to London to Treat in Perfon with the two Sea. Earl ef
Houſes of Parliament. 2. That all those who had a band in or contrived the car- Holland (ent
rying of the King away from Holdenby, be condignly punished. 3. That the Ar- Caftie.
my be disbanded.
4. That Presbytery be fetled. 5. That the Members of Parli
ament who were forcibly fecluded from the Houses, may be refeated. (The third, Scotch Army
first and last, being the very lente of the Effex, Su rey, Kent, and London Peti- eaters Englard
unger commnd
tions.) of this Army Duke Hamilton lately freed from his Impriſonment
of Duke Hamil
by the Kings Commitment at Pendennis-Caftle) was made General; which
when the King firft understood, he fadly and prophetically foretold the fatal Colonel (after-
Iffue of that Expedition, reckoning him as an unfortunate, if not a felf-ended wards Earl of)
perfon; as his Service in Germany in fupply of the King of Sweden, and in favour Major-Gen.
of the Prince Elector Palatine, to the Ruine of many brave English Gentlemen, E of Calender
did evidently declare. Colonel Middleton, (afterwards Earl of Middleton, Lient. Gen.
His Majefties High Commiffioner of Scotland) was Major-General; and the Sir Marma-
Earl of Calender Lieutenant-General. It confifted of 15000 Horfe and Foot duke (after
wards Lord)
effctive, and was increaſed by an addition of 3000 Engliſh, under Sir Mar- Langdale, and
maduke (after Lord Langdale, and Sir Philip Muſgrave, antient Families in thote Sir Philip
parts, who had a while before furprized Carlile and Berwick, neer the fame time Mulgrave joya
that Major Morris furprized Pomfret Cattle (which Cromwel afterwards in his
Northern march vifited, and took the Town thereof) juft upon the time of the
Welch Infurrection.
ton.
Middle on
Forces with
them.
1
For the Honour of another brave perſon, we may not omit Colonel Wogan, col. Wogan
then a Captain in the Parliaments Army, who perceiving the wicked defignes revolts from the
of his party, deferted them; and being fent to oppofe, did joyn with this Scotch Parliament.
Army, before their advance into England, bringing a gallant Troop along
with him. He afterwards did the King eminent fervice in Scotland and Ireland,
of which hereafter. This entire ftrength wandering by the way of Westmer-
land and Cumberland, (which affords a plea fant paffage, wherewith the Reader
may be diverted; one Colonel Stuart who was in this Expedition, being after-
wards fet on the Stool of Repentance by the Kirk, with others in the fame En-
gagement, and being asked gravely and feverely by the Minifter, whether he
Bb
was
1
}
1
}
}
f
178
Col. Stuart's
Saying on the
*
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part / I.
was not convinced that by his Malignancy he went out of the way, fuddenly
replied, Yea, for we went awrong through Westmerland, &c. when we fhould
Stool of Re-
have marcht for York, and fo to London) an ominous prefage (befides the
pentance.
Major General unluckiness of the General) of their overthrow, none of their Armies thriv-
Lambert oppo- ing that came that Road. Major-General Lambert made the first oppofition,
feth Sir Mar- but was beaten by the Engliſh, and forced back to Appleby, and fo to a further
dale, but forced retreat, (Sir Marmaduke taking in fome (mall places of ftrength by the way)
until he joyned with Cromwel now come from Wales, to whom the chiefty of
that ſervice was committed: his whole ftrength amounting to 11000, mott of
them Horfe and Dragoons.
maduke Lang-
to retreat.
Cromwel
joyns with
Lambert.'
Prefton-Fight
Auguft. 17.
At Preston in Lancashire both Armies faced one another; and fome two
miles thence, on a Moor, on the Eatt-fide of the Town, engaged: the brunt
of the fight continued but two hours; nor had it endured fo long, but through
the valour of the English Royalifts, on whom the ftrefs lay. The Scots Army
was fo ill ordered, that they came not all to the Fight, nor could relieve one
another; ſo that a general Rout enfued; one part flying towards Lanca-
fter, who were purſued by Col. Twifleton and Thornbills Regiments of Horfe;
and the other over Ribley-River,whom the Body of the Army followed : moſt of
their Foot, under Major-General Baily, came that night to Wigan, fighting and
crying Quarter in the Rear; and the next day to Warrington-Bridge, where
in their way, at a place called Red bank, in a narrow lane, they made a ſtand
with a Body of Pikes, and lined the Hedges with Muskets, who fo rudely enter-
tained the purſuing Enemy, that they were compelled to ſtop (having loſt abun-
dance of men, and Col. Thornbill himſelf) until the coming up of Col. Pride's
Regiment of Foot, who after a fharp diſpute put thoſe brave Fellows to the
The Scots de- run: they were Commanded by a little Spark in a blew Bonnet, that perform-
feated. ed the part of an excellent Commander, and was killed on the place. After
this, they never turned Head, but ran, crying, Mercy, Mercy, ( fo that the noiſe
thereof was heard at 5 Miles diſtance) until they came to Warrington-Bridge,
where Baily made Conditions for Quarter, and rendred himſelf and 4000 of
Major-General them Prifoners. Middleton was likewife taken with 400 Horfe in his flight
Middleton ta homeward; Hamilton fled first to Namptwich with 3000 Horfe, where the Coun-
ken.
Duke Hamil, try people furprized 500 of them; and thence in hafte to Uttoxeter in Stafford-
fhire, where he yielded himſelf to the Lord Gray of Grooby, and Col. Wayt, who
were ready to encounter him; and was thence brought priſoner, to Ashby de la
Zouch, where he was kept in great ftate, and courted by thofe the Grandees ap-
pointed to attend him, on purpofe to cajole and fish out what Great Ones,
Members of both Houſes, the City, and Clergy, had a hand in his undertaking;
it being more than fufpected that he had fuch Invitation. But the unhappy man
was yet fo fortunate to others, as to reveal little or nothing to their prejudice,re-
ferving his thoughts till the laft extremity, for his ranfom; but he overftood the
Market. To fave the Reader the trouble of particulars, he may know, that all
that ever belonged to that Army was taken, the Scots that efcaped (which were
but few) hardly carrying a Sword home with them: fuch as got home, happe-
ned to light upon Monro, who was marching after Hamilton with a Reſerve;
and upon news of this defeat, hafted back again into Scotland, having intelli-
gence that Cromwel was marching towards him.
ton flies.
Is taken by the
Lord Gray of
Grooby.
Monro coming
to aſſiſt Ha-
milton,but re-
turns.
Cromwel
marches into
Scotland.
He is feafted by
Argyle.
Who to compleat his Succeffes and Defignes together, thought it expedient to
make ſure of a party in Scotland, that ſhould keep all things quiet there, while
he ſhould accompliſh his intended miſchief here, and under the notion of God-
lineſs, and the Godly Party, ſhould amuſe and cheat one another, to the helping
and bringing about his moft ungodly Confpiracie. To this purpoſe he marched
into Scotland, complementing the Kirk-men with the civility of his Journey to
fecure and ſettle them, in return of their kindneſs to the Parliament in 1643
who cawed him again, and congratulated his Victory in Scripture-Language,
who was no way behind them in thoſe hypocritical Cantings.
He was likewiſe ſumptuouſly feafted by Argyle and others of that Party; and
laftly,
1648.
179
England, Scotland and Ireland,
:
1
Jaftly, by the Committee of Eftates, of whom he required and obtain d, that all His poliere in
the Armies both of Mouro and Lanerick, who yet flood our,and Argyle's in oppo- die meing the
fition to them, ſhould be disbanded (Berwick and Carlift: being already delivered Scots Forces.
to him) that ſo there might be none in readinefs to hinder his refolutions.
Secondly, that a new Parliament be called. And thirdly, that none ſhould be
elected to fit and Vote there,or in the General Affembly,that had any hand in sir Matthew
the late Invation under Hamilton. And fo, after many high cxpreffious of their Boynton Go-
thankful refentments and obligations for his meritorious fervice, took his leave vernor of Scar-
of them, and return'd into England; being, as he paffed through Tork hire brough for the
with his Forces, defired by that Committee to allift them in the reducing of Scar- Kisg.:
borough, fame while before declared for the King. Sir Matthe. Boynton the feizeth Tin-
former Governour) returning to his Allegeance, and fecuring the Town on that mouth-Cafle
{core. Tinmouth-Caſtle was likewife feized on for the King by Major Lilburn, for the King.
one of (that famous) John Lilburn's Brothers, who only ferio fly repented of zed for the Par-
It is refurprz
his difloyalty, and would have made fatisfaction,to the redemption of his Fami- liament.
lies and his own Honour, but was preſently, and before he had time to fortite The Caftle flor-
and prepare for defence, fet upon by Forces fent by Sir Arthur Haflerig from me, Lilburn.
Newcastle, who stormed the Caftle and carried it, putting the Souldiers and Lil-
burn himſelf to the Sword.
Major Lilburn
and the Soul-
diers put to
the Sword.
Return we now to the diftreffed and ftarved Colchester, where the D.fendants
had eaten up mot of their Horfes, in expectation of relief from the Scotch Ar-
my, being encouraged to hold out by Letters from the Lord Langdale of their
Armies Ipeedy advance to their fuccour. But understanding by information
from the Enemy without, that that Army was totally defeated, theſe unfortunate
Heroical Royalifts were forced to bethink themfelves of a Surrender; which
Fairfax would now accept upon no other terms (after much debate by Trea-
ty) than the Common Souldiers to quarter for life, and the Officers to mercy.
Thefe hard Terms were difputed within, and were at the firft generously fcorn-
ed; and thereupon a refolution was taken, féconded with à Proteftation, where-
by they engaged one to another, by the affiftance of God, to break through the
Enemy on Friday night the 23 of August: but through the diffatisfaction or
perfonal confideration of fome of the Grandees, this noble Defigne was hinder-
ed, and the Souldiers by the delay and after-confultation of it (it b.ing refpited
a day longer) being enjealouſed as if the Officers would leave the Foot in the
action, and (hift for themselves (and it was impoflible to attempt their Line
without Foot and Pioneers) they were forced to accept of the former Conditi- Colchester
ons; and accordingly August the 28th they rendred themſelves, a fad fpectacle Surrendred Au-
to all, but that barbarous and infulting Enemy, who preſently ftript them of all guft 28.
they had left comfortable, their Money and Apparel.
on
bard terms.
Within two hours after the ſurrender, Col. Ireton was fcht to the Inne where sir Charles
all the Officers were put, to acquaint Sir Charles Lucas, Sir George Lifle, and Sir Lucas and Sir
Bernard Gafcoyn, that by a doom of the Council of War they were fentenced to George Lifle
be ſhot to death within three hours, and that they ſhould prepare themſelves ac- Shot to death
cordingly. They all of them undauntedly received this fad Meffage Sir Aug. 28.
Charles only defiring fome little time longer to prepare himſelf, both in refe-
rence to his peace with God, and concerns of his Relations, which he faid he
asked not for fear of death, or in hope of life, which he would not value from
their hands. But this was refufed by Ireton, who, on purpoſe to make the Ge-
neral odious,then the only impediment to his Father-in-Law's Greatureſs(which
was afterwards removed by a more innocent wile)had urged him to this murder.
Seven a Clock at night was the appointed time; to prepare them againſt which,
Areton proffered the Generals Chaplain; but him they refuſed,the Lord Capel's
being defired to affift them in this laft duty to God and Nature.
tenced to be
Accordingly they were brought unto the place of Execution (Sir Bernard Sir Bernard
Gascoyn being upon more humane confideration as a Stranger reprieved ) Gascoyn fex-
where after two or three ejaculations, Sir Charles tearing open his Doublet, shot to death,
and crying, Shoot Rebels, was prefently difpatched. Sir George feeing him fall, bas reprieved.
Bb 2
ran
180
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
The Londo-
Neuters.
ran to him, and fell upon his Face, and kiſſed him, ſaying, Oh bow foon bath
a brave Soul expired! but I shall not stay long behind thee; my death at hand
Shall joyn us both together again. And then ftanding up in a molt heroical po-
fture, drawing out of his Pocket five pieces of Gold, four whereof he fent
to four Friends, the other he gave to his Executioners; and looking round
about him, faying, Oh how many do I fee here, whom I have faved in hot
blood, and mut mine now be fed in cold! fure fuch barbarity is not a-
mong the Scythians! He likewife then opened his Doublet, and with the In-
vocation of the Name of Jefus, and bidding the Rebels fhoot and do their
worſt, was likewife fhoot dead and both their Bodies interred in the Vault
where Sir Charles his Family were laid: where thoſe impious wretches, the
Common Souldiers, (as they were bid, and to fit them for fucceeding Barba-
riſms) did violate thofe Honourable Reliques, by taking the Hair from the
Scalps; fo extending their malice beyond his death, even to his deceaſed An-
ceftors.
This odious Fact (for which the Sufferers Memories, and the due Renown
of their Virtue and Valour fhall flourish, and the Names of thofe blood-
thirſty men that perpetrated and counfelled it, fhall ftink and rot) was moſt
highly refented: For it was very obvious, that it was done on purpoſe to ex-
afperate and grieve the King, with whom at the fame time the Parliament had
Voted (and were proceeding in) a Treaty; of which we come next to ſpeak :
leaving thefe two Heroes to a refufcitation of their Glories, being without any
partiality of affection declared by thoſe that knew them, one of them the
beft for Horfe-fervice, and the other for Infantry, that ever Commanded in
their quality in the Kings Armies.
•
During all theſe ſeveral warlike endeavours for the Kings Reftitution, the
ners continue City of London, as was faid before, kept it felf in a kind of Neutrality, vainly
expecting to accompliſh thoſe ends which had been fo powerfully proſecuted
by the Loyal Sword, by the peaceful Subſcriptions of the Pen to a Petition for
a Perfonal Treaty. But indeed the appearance of fo many dangers to the Par-
liament, gave them hopes that they would begin to confider, if not of Peace
to the Kingdom, yet of fafety to themſelves, if any one of thofe Loyal Ef-
fays ihould have taken effect: Nor were they deceived therein; but they did
not caft this confideration far enough, nor did they manage it rightly. For they
might have fore-thought of the Armies prevailing fuccefs, and confequently
of the variation and different courſe of their intentions to the Publique, and
ſhould have therefore kept the balance even between the Royalifts ( whoſe
Revenge upon Victory they pretended to fear) and the infolent Sectarian Holt,
who not long after requited them for their looking on, by the most impudent
outrages upon their Charter; excluding all men from any place of Truft, or
Vote, or Benefit of a Vote, that ſigned to this Perfonal Treaty, which upon
their unanimous Addreſs they obtained of the Parliament, who to methodize
and open the way thereto, proceeded as followeth.
A Perſonal
Treaty voted
Jun. 30.
Seeing themſelves thus compelled into this Affair, and that their former Re-
folves of Non-addrefs had fo quickly altered the Scene, with the Hypocriti-
cal Repentance of the Army at the very fame time (for their former fawcie
intermedlings with them, or Civil Affairs) they fain and imitate likewife the
better part of Penitence, by a pretended Reftitution, beginning at the right
place, tirit, by thefe enfuing Nullities (as indeed at laft they proved) Refolves or
Diffolves, chufe you whether.
I have thought fit to deliver the whole Treaty entire, without any intercur
tencie of other State-affairs, it being of the main and fole concernment.
་
The
1648.
181
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The Votes for a Treaty. Die Veneris July 28. 1648.
Refolved,
That a Perjo-
That a Treaty be had with the King in Perfon in the Isle of Wight, by a Refolves,
Committee appointed by both Houses, upon the Propofitions prefentel to him at nal Treaty with
Hampton-Court, and the taking away of Wards and Liveries, and for fetling of the King be
a fafe and well-grounded Peace. Which was followed Wednesday the 2 of Au-
guſt with this other :
Refolved,
held at the Ifle
of Wight.
acquaint him
That a Committee of both Houses be fent to his Majesty, to acquaint him That a Com-
with their Refolutions to Treat Perfonally with his Majesty by a Committee of both mittee be sent to
bis Majety to
Houſes, in fuch place as his Majeſty ſhall make choice of in the Isle of Wight, upon
the Propofitions prefented at Hampton-Court, &c. which Treaty is Refolved by therewitha!.
the two Houſes to be transacted with Honour, Freedom, and fafety to hu Majesty in
the Isle of Wight.
And accordingly Inftructions were given to the Earl of Middlefix, Sir John Earl of Mid-
Hippefley, and John Bulkley Efquire, delegated to attend upon the King, what dlefex,Sir Jo.
Hippelley, and
they ſhould fay to, or receive from his Majefty. At their arrival, the King John Bulkley
fhewed himſelf gladded with the good news brought, and received them very Eq. delegated
affectionately, and forwith applied himſelf to an answer to the Parliament, as by the Parlia-
they had defired, in hæc verba.
CHARLES REX.
ment to attend
on the King.
Anſwer to the
F the Peace of my Dominions were not much dearer to me than any His Majefliès
particular Intereſt whatſoever, I had too much reason to take no two Houses of
tice of the feveral Votes which paffed against me, and the fad condi- Parliament.
tion I have been in now above theſe feven Months. But fince you my
two Houses of Parliament have opened (as it feems to me a fair
beginning to a happy Peace, I shall heartily apply my felf thereunto;and
to that end, I will as clearly and as shortly as I may, fet you down those The King.
things which Iconceive neceſſary to this bleſſed work, so that we to- chearfully em-
gether may remove all Impediments that may hinder a happy Conclu- braceth the
fion of this Treaty, which with all chearfulneß I do embrace.
overtures of
Peace.
Demands of the
Parliament to
And to this end, you your felves have laid most excellent grounds:
For what can I reaſonably expect more, than to Treat with Honour,
Freedom, and Safety, upon fuch Propofitions as you have, or shall pre-
fent unto me, and fuch as I shall make unto you? But withal remem-
ber, it is the definition, not names of things, which makes them
righly known; and that without means to perform, no Propofitions
can take effect. And truly my preſent condition is fuch, that I can
no more Treat, than a blind man can judge of colours, or he run a
race who hath both his Feet faft tied together; wherefore my firſt ne-
ceſſary demand is, That you will recall all fuch Votes and Orders,by
which people are frighted from coming, writing, or ſpeaking freely to his
me. Next, that fach men of all Profeffions whom I shall fend for, as coming
of necessary use to me in this Treaty, may be admitted to wait upon or fending to
In a word, that I may be in the fame state of Freedom I was "That all men of
in when I was laft at Hampton-Court. And indeed, leß cannot in necessary Pro-
any reasonable meaſure make good those offers which you have made fons be ad-
me.
recal thoſe
Votes and OT-
drs by which
Subjects are
frighted from
bim.
mitted to come
me to him.
I
1
162
Note, That His Majefty had fuf-
fered his Beard to overgrow in
that folitary restraint of near fe-
ven Months; fo that Compallion
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part
me by your Votes. For how can I Treat with Honour, fo long as peo-
ple are terrified with Votes and Orders against coming to speak or
write to me? And am I honourably Treated, Jo long as there is none
about me (except a Barber who came now with the Commiffioners)
that ever Inamed to wait upon me? Or with Freedom,
until I may call fuch to me of whoſe ſervice I ſhall
have use in fo great and difficult a work? And for
Safety (I speak not of my Perfon, having no appre-
hension that way) how can Ijudge to make a safe and
well-grounded Peace, until I may know (without dif
guife) the true prefent ftate of all my Dominions, and particularly of
all those,whose Interests are neceſſarily concerned in the Peace of the
Kingdoms? Which leads me naturally to the last neceffary demand
I shall make for the bringing this Treaty to an happy end; which
is,
wooed, where Majefty once aw-
ed.
That the Scors
Propofitions.
That you alone, or you and I joyntly, do invite the Scots to fend
may be invited fome perfons authorized by them, to treat upon fuch Propofitions as
to fend their they shall make. For certainly the Publique and Neceffary Interest
they have in this great Settlement, is fo clearly plain to all the world,
that I believe no body will deny the neceffity of their concurrence,
The King de- in order to a durable Peace. Wherefore I will only fay,that as I am a
elaring a ten- King of both Nations, fo will I yield to none in either Kingdom, for
being truly and zealously affected for the Good and Honour of both;
my reſolution being never to be partial for either, to the prejudice of
the other.
dr affection
for both his
Kingdoms.
The King op.
Ports New-
Port for the
a
Now, as to the place (because I conceive it to be rather a circum-
ftantial, than a real part of this Treaty, I shall not much insist upon
Place of Treaty. it) I-name Newport in this Ifie; yet the fervent zeal I have that
Speedy end be put to these unhappy distractions, doth force me ear-
nestly to deſire you to confider, what a great loẞ of time it will be, to
Treat fo far from the Body of my two Houfes, when every Small De-
bate (of which doubtless there will be many) must be tranfmitted to
Weſtminſter, before they be concluded. And really, I think (though
to fome it may seem a Paradox) that peoples minds will be much
more apt to fettle, feeing me Treat in or near London, than in the
Ijle, becauſe, ſo long as I am here, it will never be believed by many,
that I am really fo free, as before this Treaty begin I expect to be. And
fo I leave, and recommend this point to your ferious confidera-
But urgeth the
ZUCONVENIENCIES
0: Treating jo
fax from Lon
con.
His Mayly
conjures the
Dicgutes to
expedite the
Treaty by dif
patching their
Commiffioners.
tion.
And thus I have not only fully accepted of the Treaty which yon
have propounded to me by the Votes of the 3 of this Month, but alfo
given it all the furtherance that lies in me, by demanding the necef-
fary means for the effectual performance thereof. All which are fo
neceffarily implied by,though not particularly mentioned in the Votes,
that I can no way doubt of your ready compliance with me herein. I
have now no more to fay,but to conjure you by all that is dear to Chri-
ftians, Honeft Men,or good Patriots,that you will make all the expedi
tion poffible to begin this happy Work, by bafting down your Commif-
fioners, fully authorized, and well inftructed, and by enabling me (as
I have fhewed you) to Treat; Praying the God of Peace fo to bless our
endea-
1048.
183
England, Scotland and Ireland.
endeavours, that all my Dominions may speedily enjoy a ſafe and
well-grounded Peace.
Carisbroke, Aug. 10.
Commoners.
Majentes Roy-
the Treaty.
All which defires of the King were affented to, to their full intent and pur- The Parliament
poſe; and five Lords and ten Commoners appointed Commiffioners for the appoint Com-
Treaty, whole names were as followeth: The Earls of Northumberland, Pem- milioners, five
Lords, tea
broke, Salisbury, Middlefex, and Lord Viscount Say: The Lord Wenman, Mr.
Denzil Holiis, Mr. William Pierpoint, Sir Henry Vane Junior, Sir Harbottle Grim-
Rone, Mr. Samuel Brown, Sir John Potts, Mr.Crew, Serjeant Glyn, and Mr.Bulk-
ley. The Treaty to begin ten days after the Kings Affent to Freat as is agreed,
and to continue from thence forty days. Refolved likewife, That His Majesty And defire his
be defired to Paß his Royal Word to make his constant Refidence in the Isle of Wight, al Hard for his
from the time of his Affenting to Treat, until twenty days after the Treaty be end- contronance r
ed, unleßit be otherwiſe defired by both Houses of Parliament; and that after His the Island till
Royal Word So Paffed, aad bis Affent given to Treat as aforefaid, from thenceforth 2 days after
the former Instructions of the 16 of Nov.1647. be vacated,and theſe obſerved; and
that Col. Hammond be authorized to receive His Majellies Royal Word Paffed to
his two Houſes of Parliament for his Refidence in the Isle of Wight accordingly, as
is formerly expreft, and ſhall certifie the fame to both Honfes. They likewile Re- Toir Vates of
pealed the Votes of Non-addrefs, and defired a Lifttrom his Majefty of thofe Non-addreß ri-
peaizd.
he would have to attend him. Whereupon the King by his Meffage of the 28
of Auguſt (not being in the former limitation) accepted of the Treaty, deli- His Majelly
ring the expediting of the Commiffioners; and ſent them a Liſt of thoſe per- leads the Par-
fons he defired to be with him. First, for the Journey into Scotland, he defired liament a Lift
of juch Perjuus
a Pafs for Mr. Parfons, one of the Grooms of his Prefence-Chamber: next,the be defired might
Duke of Richmond, Marquels Hartford, Earl ot Lindsey, Earl of Southampton, attend him.
Gentlemen of his Bed-chamber; Mr. Kirk, Mr. Leviton, Mr. Murray, Mr. John
Ashburnham, Mr. Legg, Grooms of his faid Bed-chamber; Mr. Hen,vir. Rogers,
Mr. Lovet, Pages of his Back-ftairs; Sir Fulk Grevil, Captain Titus, Captain
Burroughs, Mr. Creffet, Abr. Dorset, Firebrace, to wait as they did,cor as he
fhould appoint them: The Bishops of London and Salisbury, Drs Shelden, Ham-
mond, Oldſworth, Sanderſon, Turner, Heywood, Chaplains; Davis his Barber,
Rives Yeoman of the Robes; Sir Edward Sidenham, Mr. Terwhit, Hunſdon, Ef-
quires; Mrs Wheeler Landrefs; Sir Thomas Gardiner, Sir Orlando Bridgeman,
Sir Robert Holbourn, Mr. Jeffrey Palmer, Mr. Thomas Cook, Mr. John Vaughan,
Lawyers; Sir Edward Walker, Mr. Philip Warwick, Mr. Nicholas Oudart, Mr.
Charles Whitaker, Clerks and Writers; Mr. Clement Kinnerſley, and Mr. Peter
Newton, to make ready the Houſe for Treaty. To which, at the Kings requeſt,
were after added for the Civil Law, the Kings Advocate, Dr. Rives, Dr. Duck ;
and thefe Divines, the Biſhops of Armagh, Exeter, Rocheſter, and Worceſter ; Dr.
Ferne, and Dr. Morley.
The Treaty began the 18th of September; which the King fo prudentially The Treaty be
managed fingle against all the Commiffioners (none of his Party being fuffered gan Sept.18.
to affift him at the Conferences) that there appeared fome hopes of a right un-
derſtanding. The Propofitions concerning Religion took up the longeſt time,
both in difcourfe and writing, whereby he fully evinced the right of Epifcopa-
cie: which his Anſwers, with his Majefties Propofitions on the 2 of Octob. be-
ing fent up to the Parliament, notwithstanding produced thefe Votes.
with the Kings
Refolved by the Lords and Commons, &c. That they are not fatisfied in the Pro- The Parliament
pofitions made by his Majesty in his Letters and that a Letter be fent to the Com- diffutisfied
miſſioners in the Isle of Wight, to acquaint them that the Houfes do well approve propoſitions.
of their proceedings, and do give them thanks, &c. requiring them ftill to proceed They fend
punctually according to their Inftructions.
thanks to their
The Commiſſioners:
18+
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
His Majefties
Propofitions.
He is willing to
confeß himself
Author of the
War, rather
than the Peace.
hall be frustra-
ted.
That the Af-
Sembly of Di-
vines hall fit
fter 3 years.
That the Dire
Яory shall be
confirmed for
at Weftmin-
3 years, &c.
That Legal E-
States for Lives
or Years shall
be made of B1-
Shups Lands,
Provided the
Propriety re-
main in the
church.
That there be a
and concerning
The Sum of his Majefties Propofitions was this:
He expreſſed bus Conſent to the Proemial or first Prepoſition, of acknowledging his
beginning the War, that he might not by denying it be refused Peace; but that his
Confent not to be valid till all was concluded in the Treaty. Concerning the Church,
he will Conſent that the Calling and Sitting of the Alembly of Divines at Weſt-
miniter be confirmed for three years by Act of Parliament; and will by act of Par-
liament confirm likewise the Directory for 3 years in England,Ireland, and Wales,
and the Form of Government by Presbyters for the fame term. Provided that his Ma-
justy, and thofe of his judgment and others,who cannot in Confcience fubmit thereunto,
be not obliged to comply with it. And that a free Confultation may be had with the
Affembly of Divines in the mean time, twenty of his Majesties nomination being ad-
ded to them; whereby it may be determined how after the faid term(by his Majesty
and the Parliament) the faid Church-Government and Publique Worfhip may be
fetled; and the Articles of Christian Religion (now delivered him) may then be
confidered of, and care taken for tender Confciences.
Concerning the Bishops Lands and Revenues, and to the Contracts and Purcha-
fes of them; His Majesty will conſent to an Act or A&ts of Parliament for their ſa-
tisfaction, whereby the Legal Estates for Lives or for Years (at their choice) not ex-
ceeding ninety nine years, fill be made of all thofe Lands,at the old or fome more mo-
derate rents; which if it will not fatisfie, his Majesty will propound and conſent to
Some other way: Provided that the Propriety and Inheritance of thofe Lands do
Still remain in the Church, according to the pious intentions of the Donors; and the
rest that ſhall be reſerved, to be for their maintenance.
*
His Majesty will give Conſent for a Reformation, viz. Obfervation of the Lords
Reformation, day, and fuch other things in theſe their Propofitions as they have defired; as alfo
Papists, &c. Confents to thofe Propofitions against Papists. But as to the Covenant, bu Majeſty
*Thruſt in by fome rigid Prefbyterians, and not therein satisfied that he can either Signe or Swear
maintained there by the Independants, be- it, or Confent to impofe it on the Confciences of others i
cauſe they knew the King would never Af nor conceives it proper or uſeful at this time to be infifted
fent to it, and fo no Conclufion.
That the two
Houfes jhall
dispose of the
Militia for
years, or du-
ring his Reign.
That the affairs
of Ireland be
determined by
the Parliam.
That Taxes be
on.
Touching the Militia, his Majesty conceives that their Propofitions demand a far
larger Power over the perfons of his Subjects, than bath ever hitherto been warranted
by the Laws and Statutes of the Realm: yet confidering the preſent diſtractions re-
quire more, and trating in his two Houfes of Parliament, that they will not abuse
the Power hereby granted; his Majesty will consent to an Act of Parliament,
wherein it ſhall be declared, That for the space of ten years, or during his Maje-
fties whole Reign, if they fhall think it more fatisfactory, the two Houfes fhall
have the fole difpofal of the Militia, and raiſe Mony, as in their Propofitions:
And that neither the King, his Heirs or Succeffors, nor any other, but fuch as
fhail act by the Authority or Approbation of the Lords and Commons, fhall
during the space of ten years exerciſe any of the Powers aforefaid; nor after
that term, without the Advice of the Lords and Commons. And confents to the
entrusting the Militia into the Cities hands, according to their Propofitions: Provi-
ded, that all Patents, Commiffions, and other Acts concerning the Premises, be
made and acted in his Majettis Name by Warrant fignified by the Lords and Com-
mons, or fuch other as they shall authorize for that purpoſe.
Touching Ireland, bis Majefty leaves it to the Determination of his two Houſes,
and will give his Conſent as is herein hereafter expreſſed.
Touching Publick Debts, hus Majesty will give his Confent to ſuch an A&i for rai-
levied for the fing of Monies, by general and equal Taxations for the payment and Satisfying the
payment of the Arrears of the Army, and Publique Engagements of the Kingdom, as shall be a-
Army and pub-
like Debts. greed on by both Houses of Parliament. and fhall be ordered by them, or their ap-
pointment, within the pace of one year after paffing an Ad for the fame.
His Majesty will give Confent that all the Great Officers of state, and Judges,
Chief Officers of for the faid term of ten years, be nominated by the Parliament, to continue quam-
State Jhall be diu fe bene gefferint; and in the intervals of Parliament, to be nominated by ſuch
nominated by
That all the
the Parl for as they shall authorize.
10. Years.
A&
His
:
1648.
185
England, Scotland and Ireland.
His Majesty will Confent, That the Militia of the City, and Liberties thereof, That the Mili-
during the pace of ten years, may be in the ordering and Government of the Lord tia of the City
of London &
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-Council affembled, or fuch as they shall appointi Liberties, for
for
whereof the Lord Major, and the Sheriffs for the time being, to be three; to be em- ten years may
ployed and directed from time to time by the Parliament: And that no Citizen shall be in the Lord
be drawn forth into the Field, without his own confent. And an Att be passed for Mayor, Alder-
granting and confirming the Charters, Customs, &c. thereof: And that during the Council and
faid ten years, the Tower of London may be in the Government of the City of Lon- Sheriffs there-
don; and the Chief Officers thereof, during the faid space, to be nominated and re- of.
moveable by the Common-Council, as was defired in the Propofitions.
His Majesty having thus far expreſſed his Confent for the preſent fatisfaction and
Securing of his two Houfes of Parliament, and thofe that have adhered unto them,
touching the four first Propofitions,and other the particulars before-ſpecified; as to all
the rest of the Propofitions delivered to bim at Hampton-Court (not referring to
those beads )and to that of the Court of Wards fince delivered, as alfo,to the remain-
ing Propoſitions concerning Ireland, His Majesty defires only when he shall come to
Weltminster, perfonally to advife with his two Hafes, and to deliver bis Opinion
and Reaſons of it: which being done, he will leave the whole matter of thoſe re-
maining Propofitions to the determination of his two Houses, which shall prevail
with him for his Confent accordingly.
men, Common-
and
With the TowET
and Chief Offi
Gers thereof.
to Weſtmin-
fter, and to be
And his Majesty doth (for his own particular) only propoſe, that he may have His Majeſty
liberty to repair forthwith to Weltminster, and be restored to a condition of abfo- propofeth his li
Inte Freedom and Safety (a thing which he ſhall never deny to any of his Subjects.) berty to repair
and to the poſſeſſion of his Lands and Revenues; and that an Act of Oblivion and
Indemnity may paß, to extend to all perfons, for all matters relating to the late un-
happy differences: which being agreed by his two Houses of Parliament, his Ma-
jeſty will be ready to make theſe his Conceſſions binding, by giving them the force of
Laws by bis Royal afſſent.
restored to his
Revenues,
Proffereth an
A&t of Oblivi
on to all per-
fons.
Though theſe Condeſcentions (nor indeed if they had been to the very let- The Parliament
ter of the Propofitions would they have been fatisfactory) did not at prefent imperious.
ſure the high and imperious humour of the Parliament; yet by the good tempe- Most of their
Commiſſioners
rament and reſpectful behaviour of the major part of the Commiffioners, ſuch
dutiful in their
a mutual confidence was wrought, that the King won with their dutiful per- behaviour to-
ſwaſion, did in moſt of thoſe things (befides Religion and Church-lands) com- wards the
ply with their demands; and then the Parliament upon debate of the whole King.
Treaty, Voted his Conceffions a ground to fettle the Kingdom of which pre-
fently.
But a little before the conclufion of the Treaty, which hapned on the 27th
of Nov. the Army (Cromwel being now come out of Scotland) had after a long
Confultation how to break it off, hammered out a villanous Remonfirance on The Army's Ri-
the 16th of that Month, at St. Albans; and on the 28th preſented it to the monftrance at
House of Commons by Col. Ewers (related to the Lord Ewers) and feven Offi- St. Albans.
cers more: the Treaſonable and Execrable Heads thereof (fetting afide that
Principle, That the Magistery of the People is Supreme) were as followeth :
First, That the Capital and Grand Author of our Troubles, viz. the Perfon of The villanous
the King, by whofe procurement, and for whofe Interest of Will and Power all our heads thereof.
Wars have been, may be brought to Justice, for the Treafon, Blood, and Mischief he That the King
is therein guilty of.
be brought to
Justice.
Secondly, That a Timely Day may be fet for the Prince of Wales and the Duke That the Prince
of York to come in, by which time, if they do not,that then they may immediately of Wales and
be declared incapable af any Trust or Government in this Kingdom, or its Domini- Duke of York
ens, and thence to stand exiled for ever, as Enemies or Traytors, to die without mer- render them-
cy if ever after found or taken therein, &c. If by the time limited they do render felves by a cer-
tain day, or be
themselves, that then the Prince be proceeded with as on appearance he shall give fa- proclaimed
tisfaction or not ; and then the Duke as he ſhall give ſatisfaction, may be confidered Traytors.
Cc
AS
$
¡
!
186
ake of the
Crown be fe-
queftred.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I
That the Reve as to future Trust or not. But however, that the Revenue of the Crown (Saving
neceffary allowances for the Children, and for Servants and Creditors to the Crown)
be Sequeftred, and the coſtly pomp fufpended, for a good number of years and that
this Revenue be for that time difpofed toward Publike Charges, Debts, and Dama-
ges, for the eafing of the people; so as the Estates neither of Friends to publique In-
terest, nor alone of inferior Enemies thereunto, may bear the whole burthen of that
loẞ and charge, which by and for that Family the Kingdom hath been put un-
That Capital
puniſhments be
inflicted on
fome Chief In-
ftruments in
the wars.
That all De-
linquents come
to.
Thirdly, That Capital punishment be speedily Executed upon a competent num-
ber of his Chief Instruments alfo, both in former and later Wars; and that ſome of
both forts be pitcht upon, as are really in your hands or reach.
Fourthly, That the reft of the Delinquents, English, may upon rendring them-
felves to Justice, have mercy for their lives, and that only Fines be fet upon them,
and their perfons declared incapable of any Publique Trust, or having any voice in
Elections thereto, at
Elections thereto, at least for a good number of years: And that a short day may be
fet by which all fuch Delinquents may come in and for those who come not in by
that day, that their Estates be abfolutely Confifcated and fold to the Publike uſe,
and their Perfons ftand Exiled as Traytors, and to die without mercy, if ever after
without mercy. found in the Kingdom or its Dominions.
ia by a certain
day, or their
Elates be con-
fifcated, and
they to dre
That Fines,
Compofitions,
འ
Fifthly, That the fatisfaction of Arrears to the Souldiery, with other publike
Debts, and competent reparations of publique Damages, may be put into fome or-
and Confifca- derly way: And that therefore the Fines and Compofitions of Delinquents be dif
tious be difpo-
Sed for the pay- posed to thofe ufes only, as also the Confifcations of fuch who shall be excluded from
Pardon, or not come in by the day affigned.
ment of the
Souldiery.
That the Par-
liament fet
Some period to
their own
Power.
Now after Publique Juftice thus provided for, we proceed in order to the general
Satisfaction and Settlement of the Kingdom.
First, That you would fet fome reasonable and certain period to your own Power.
Secondly, That with a period to this Parliament, that there may be a Settle-
ment of the Peace and future Government of the Kingdom. And in order thereto,
First, That there may be a certain Succeffion of future Parliaments, Annual or
That the future Biennial, with fecure provifton, 1. For the certainty of their Sitting, Meeting,
Government of and Ending. 2. For equal Elections. 3. For the Peoples meeting to Elect: Pro-
of the King vided that none engaged in War against the Kingdom, may Elect or be Elected,
nor any other who oppofe this Settlement. 4. For clearing the power of Parlia-
ments as Supreme only they may not give away any Foundation of Common
Right. 5. For liberty of Entring Diffents in the faid Reprefentatives, that the
people may know who are fit for future Trusts; but without any penalty for their
free Fudgments
dom may be
fetled.
That no King
be hereafter
admittel, but
Thirdly, That no King be bereafter admitted, but upon Election of, and as upon
Truſt from the people by fuch their Repreſentatives; nor without first diſclaiming
pon Election. all pretence to a Negative Voice against the Determinations of the Commons in
Parliament and this to be done in fome Form more clear, than heretofore in the Co-
ronation-Oath.
And be to ac-
Thefe Matters of General Settlement, we propound to be provided by the Author
cord to thefe
Propoſitions as rity of the Commons in this Parliament; and to be further Established by a general
they shall be e- Contract or Agreement of the people, with their Subfcriptions thereunto: And that
Stablished by no King be admitted to the Crown, nor other person to any Office of publique Trust,
the Agreement without expreß Accord and Subfcription to the fame.
of the people.
:
This was the Bafis, Method, and Model of Crommels Tyranny, and though
he had changed his pretences, according to the exigences of time and occali-
ons, yet he was fixed here, as having learnt from
Matchiavel, that there is no readier way to an U-
furpation, than by dettroying the Fundamental
Laws and Effentials of Government, and propo-
fing pleafing Innovations to the Vulgar. This he
drove at in his poffeffed Servants the Levellers,
Something near the ſame stuff,except what toucht the
King, was signed by nine Regiments of Horfe,and
Seven of Foot, and afterward promoted in London
by Lieutenant-Colonel Lilburne, and Mr. Prince,
by Petition to the Parliament, who condemned
both, Novemb. 1647. and yet the fame Moneth
next year it revived.
whom
1648.
187
England, Scotland and Ireland.
},
whom he put on to divulge this new ſecret of Empire, but they thundering of The Levellers
fet or by
it out (and to try its acceptance) as the rain in unfeaſonable weather, he was Cromwel to
content to abandon them to a fhower of Bullets, influenced on one of his prime profecute this
Boutefeus, by the Command of the Parliament to the General, as before- dejigne.
faid, in 1647 at Ware. For obferve the trace of his Policie after this Critical
Juncture, when he had fuperated all difficulties, and removed all obſtacles; and
you fhall fee how fequacioufly he copied theſe Articles of Agreement (as they
were called) of the people.
First Destroy the King as a Tyrant, then exclude the Royal Progeny, then difa-
ble its potent Friends, and ingratiate with the mean. Next, Gratifie and engage
th: Suldiers with promife of Arrears and Establishment. Then the next fubfe-
quent great work is the diffolution of the Parliament; then a Chimæra of Govern-
ment, fuch as Barebones Convention: And lastly, A pretended Elective Tyranny,
under the Style of Protectors which his impiety afforded him not only to fub-
furibe, but to fwear to.
The ill news of this peftilent Paper flew amain to the Isle of Wight, where
the King ſurpriſed with this monftrous difluyalty, at the reading of it to him
at Newport, propounded thefe Queries.
1. Whether this Remonftrance be agreeable to the former Declarations of the Ar- The Kings
Queries to the
my? and if not Whether the Parliament would make good their Votes, that after
Ramonftrance.
he had confented to what they deſired, he ſhould be in a capacity of Honour, Free-
dom, and Safety ?
2. Whether his acknowledgment of the Blood that hath been spilt in the late
Wars (nothing b.ing as yet abfolutely concluding or binding) could be urged ſo far,
as to be made uſe of by way of evidence against him, or any of his party?
3 Whether the Arguments that he hath uſed in a free and perfonal Treaty, to
leſſen, or extenuate, and avoid the exactneß of the Conditions, though in manner and
form only, might be charged against him as an act of obstinacie, or wilful perfiftence
in what is alledged against him, in that he goes on in a destructive courſe, and enmity
against the People and Laws of the Land, when he bath declared, that bis Conſci-
ence was fatisfied concerning divers parti ulars in the Propofitions?
4.
Whereas by the Letter of the Law,all perfons charged to offend againſt the Law
ought to be tried by their Peers or Equals, what the Law is if the person questioned
is without a Peer? And if the Law (which of it ſelf is but a dead Letter) feems
to condemn him, by what Power shall Judgment be given, and who ſhall judge it,
or from whence shall the Adminiftrators of fuch Judgment derive their power, which
may (by the fame Law) be deemed the Supreme Power or Authority of Magiſtra-
cie in the Kingdom?
Theſe his Queries were refolved no otherwiſe, than by a ſtrict Guard put up- 4 ftri& Guard
on him; ſo that the Commiffioners coming to receive his Anſwer of him, he put upon the
told them he thought to have ſent his Anſwer ſealed, becauſe he had been preju- King.
diced by fending others open but fince his condition could not be worfe (no
body fuffered to speak with him without fufpition) he had fent it open; and
reading it, defired their opinion; who told him,they thought it would procure a
well-grounded Peace. He then defired them to put a good Interpretation upon
his manage of this Treaty, and thofe vehement expreffions in fome of his De-
bates,there being nothing in his Intentions but kindneſs; & acknowledged their
abilities which had taken him off from fome of his own opinions; as he doubt-
e not, if they had had power to recede, he could have prevailed upon theirs ;
as alfo, if he had been prefent, upon the two Houſes. And he defires them to
ufe the fame freedom and inftance to his two Houſes, to indulge his Confcience
wherein he cannot be fatisfied, and to reprefent him candidly to his two Houſes,
fince he hath parted with all how near or dear foever, but wherein his Confci-
ence is unfatisfied. And at their taking leave, he added thefe Pathetick Sen-
tences.
Cc 2
MY
188
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Pathetick Ex-
preffions to the
Parliaments
Commiffioners
at parting.
'MY
MY LORDS,
You are come to take your leave of me, and I believe, we
His Majefties Shall Scarce fee each other again; but God's Will be done. I thank God
I have made my Peace with him, and ſhall without fear undergo what
he ſhall be pleased to suffer men to do unto me. My Lords,
You cannot but know, that in my Fall and Ruine you ſee your own,
and that also near to you. I pray God fend you better Friends than
I have found. I am fully informed of the whole Plot and Car-
riage against me and mine; and nothing so much afflicts me, as the
Senfe and feeling I have of the ſufferings of my Subjects, and the
miferies that hang over my three Kingdoms, drawn upon them by
thofe, who upon the pretences of good, violently pursue their own
Interests and Ends.
After which, he preſently withdrew himſelf to his Guards.
Let the Reader give me leave to compleat his forrow with this laft Captive
Breath of the King's in the Ifle of Wight, and I am confident he will not blame
me for vouchfafing him a Sympathy or Part in this Threnody and Lamentation,
fince it was delivered to one of his Servants juft at his departure thence, and
Commanded by him to be publiſhed for the fatisfaction of all his Subjects.
WH
His Majefties mances, then the greateft Labours produce the smallest Ef-
Hen large Pretences prove but the shadows of weak Perfor-
Declaration
concerning the
Treaty, and his fects; and when a period is put to a Work of great Concernment, all
dislike of the men's ears do as it were hunger, till they are fatisfied in their Expe-
Armies pro-
ceedings.
&ations. Hath not this distracted Nation groaned a long time un-
der the burden of Tyranny and Oppreffion? And hath not all the
Blood that hath been spilt these seven years been cast upon my Head,
who am the greatest Sufferer, though the leaft guilty? And was it not
requiſite to endeavour the stopping of that Flux, which if not stopt
will bring an abfolute deftruction to this Nation? And what more
Speedy way was there to confummate those distractions, than by a
Perfonal Treaty being agreed on by my two Houses of Parliament,
and condefcended to by me? And I might Declare, that I con-
ceive it had been Phyſick, kad not the Operation been hindred
by the interpofition of this Imperious Army, who were fo auda-
cious, as to stile me in their unparallel'd Remonstrance, their
Capital Enemy. But let the world judge, whether my endea-
vours have not been attended with reality in this late Treaty 3 and
whether I was not as ready to grant as they to ask? and jet
all this is not ſatisfaction to them that pursue their own ambitious
Ends, more than the welfare of a miferable Land. Were not the dy
ing hearts of my poor diftreffed People much revived with the hopes
of a happiness from this Treaty ? and how fuddenly are they fruftras
ted in theire xpectations! Have I not formerly been condemned,
for yielding too little to my Houses of Parliament, and must now
be condemned for yielding too much? Have I not formerly been
imprisoned for making War, and shall I now be condemned for ma-
king Peace? Have I not formerly enjoyed the Society of my dear
}
1
Wife
1
1648.
189
England, Scotland and Freiano.
Wife and Children in peace and quietness, and shall I now neitker
enjoy them nor Peace & Have not my Subjects formerly obeyed me,
and shall I now be obedient to my Subjects? Have not I been con-
demned for Evil Counfellours, and fall I now be condemned for há-
ving no Counſel but God? These are unutterable miferies, that the
more I endeavour for Peace, the leß my endeavours are refpecled:
and how shall I hereafter know what to grant, when your felves,
know not what to ask? I refer it to your Confciences, whether I
have not fatisfied your deftres in every particular (ince in this Trea-
ty: if you find I have not, then let me bear the burthen of the
fault; but if I have given you ample fatisfaction (as I am fure İ
have) then you are bound to vindicate me from the fury of those,
whofe thoughts are filled with blood: though they pretend zeal, yet
they are but Wolves in sheeps cloathing.
I must farther Declare, that I conceive there is nothing can more
obftruct the long-hoped-for Peace of this Nation, than the illegal pro-
ceedings of them that prefume from Servants to become Masters,
and labour to bring in Democracie, and to abolish Monarchy. Needs
must the total alteration of Fundamentals be not only destructive
to others, but in conclufion to themselves; for they that endea-
vour to rule by the Sword, shall at last fall by it: for Faction is
the Mother of Ruine, and it is the humour of thofe that are of this
Weather-cock-difpofition, to love nothing but Mutabilities ; neither
will that please them but only pro tempore, for too much variety
doth but confound the fenfes, and make them ſtill hate one folly,and
fall in love with another.
Time is the best cure for Faction; for it will at length (like a
Spreading Leprofte) infect the whole Body of the Kingdon, and make
it fo odious, that at last they will hate themselves for love of that;
and like the Fish, for love of the Bait be catched with the Hook.
I once more declare to all my loving Subjects,and God knows whe-
ther or no this may be my last,that I have earnestly laboured for Peace,
and that my thoughts were fincere and abfolute,without finifter ends;
and that there was nothing left undone by me, that my Confcience
would permit me to do. And I call God to witness, that I do firmly
conceive, that the interpolition of the Army (that Cloud of Malice)
bath altogether eclipsed the glory of that Peace, which began again
to ſhine in this Land. And let the world judge, whether it be expe-
dient for an Army to contradict the Votes of a Kingdom, endeavon-
ring by pretending for Laws and Liberties to fubvert both. Such acts
as these must produce ftrange confequences, and fet open the flood-
gates of ruine, to over-flow this Kingdom in a moment. Had this
Treaty been only mine own feeking, then they might have had fairer
pretences to have stopt the course of it; but I being importuned by
my two Houses, and they by most part of the Kingdom, could not
but with a great deal of alacrity concur with them in their deftres, to
the performance of fo commodious a work. And I hope by this time,
that the hearts and eyes of my people are opened so much, that they
plainly discover who are the underminers of this Treaty.
For my part, I here proteft before the Face of Heaven, that my own
afflictions
190
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
P
The Presbyte-
afflictions (though they need no addition) afflict me not fo much as
my peoples fufferings, for I know what to trust to already, and they
know not: God comfort both them and me, and proportion our pa-
tience to our ſufferings.
And when the malice of mine Enemies is spun out to the ſmalleſt
thread, let them know that I will by the Grace of God, be as con-
tented to ſuffer, as they are active to advance my Sufferings ; and
mine own Soul tells me, that the time will come when the very Clouds
Shall drop down vengeance upon the heads of those that barricado
themſelves against the proceedings of Peace; for if God hath pro-
claimed a blessing to the Peace-makers, needs must the Peace-breakers
draw down curfes upon their heads.
my
I thank my God I have armed my felf against their fury; and let
the Arrows of their envy fly at me, I have a breaft to receive them,
and a heart poffeft with patience to ſuſtain them: for God is
Rock and my Shield, therefore I will not fear what men can do un-
to me. I will expect the worst; and if any thing happen beyond
my expectation, I will give God the Glory, for vain is the help of
man.
This Declaration gave entire and compleat fatisfaction to the moſt refracto-
rians fatisfied ry of the Presbyterian Party, who when too late perceived their untoward fcuf-
with this De- fling and debuting with ſo excellent a Prince, had brought him and themſelves
clavation, and to ruine, together with three Kingdoms; the care of which, when his Prote-
ction failed, the King as his laft and most incumbent bufinefs refumed in this
following Letter. For having thus refigned himfelf into the hands of God,
and patiently ſubmitted to his Croſs, he in a way of renunciation and Self-de-
pofition of his Government, transferred and bequeathed the Scepter, with thefe
following excellent Advices, to his Son the Prince.
troubled at
the proceedings
of the Army.
Letter to the
vereign.
SON,
B2/
Newport, Novemb. 29. 1648.
His Majeſties
T what hath been ſaid, you may ſee how long we have laboured
in the fearch of Peace: Do not you be difcouraged to tread
Prince his Son, thoſe ways in all worthy means to restore your ſelf to your Right,
our prefent So- but prefer the way of Peace: shew the greatness of your mind, ra-
ther to Conquer your Enemies by pardoning, than by punishing. If
you saw how unmanly and unchriftian this implacable difpofition is
in Our Ill-willers, you would avoid that spirit. Cenfure Us not for
having parted with too much of Our own Right; the Price was great,
the Commodity was Security to us, Peace to Our People. And We are
confident another Parliament would remember how useful a Kings
Power is to a Peoples Liberty; and of how much we have devefted
Our Self, that We and they might meet again in a due Farlia-
mentary way, to agree the Bounds for Prince and People. And
in this give belief to Our Experience, never to affect more Greatness
or Prerogative, than what is really and intrinfecally for the good of
your Subjects (not satisfaction of Favourites.) And if you thus use
it will never want means to be a Father to all, and a bounti-
› you
full Prince to any you would be extraordinarily gracious unto. You
>
may
}
}
1648.
191
England, Scotland and Ireland.
may perceive all men truft their Treafure where it returns them In-
tereft; and if Princes, like the Sea, receive and repay all the fresh
Streams and Rivers trust them with, they will not grudge, but pride
themſelves to make up an Ocean. Thefe confiderations may make you
a Great Prince, as your Father is now a low one; and your State may
be so much the more established, as mine hath been ſhaken. For Sub-
jects have learned(We dare fay) that Victories over their Prince, are
but Triumphs over themſelves; and fo will be the more unwilling
to hearken to Changes hereafter. The Engliſh Nation are a ſober peò-
ple, however at prefent under fome infatuation. We know not, but
this may be the last time We may speak to you or the world pub-
likely. We are ſenſible into what hands We are fallen; and yet we
bless God we have thofe inward refreshments, that the malice of Our
Enemies cannot diſturb.
To conclude, if God give you Succes, uſe it humbly, and far from His excellent
Revenge: If he restore you to your Rights upon hard Conditions, Advice to him:
whatever you promise keep. Those men which have forced Laws
which they were bound to obferve, will find their Triumphs full
of troubles. Do not think any thing in this world worth obtain-
ing by force and unjust means. You are the Son of Our Love,
and as We direct you to what We have recommended to you, fo We
affure you We do not more affectionately pray for you, to whom We are
a Natural Parent, than We do that the antient Glory and Renown of
this Nation be not buried in Irreligion and Fanatick Humour, and
that all Our subjects (to whom We are a Politick Parent) may
Such fober thoughts, as to feek their Peace in the Orthodox Profeffion
of the Chriftian Religion, as it was established since the Reforma-
tion in this Kingdom, and not in new Revelations; and that the
antient Laws, with the Interpretation according to known Practices,
may once again be a hedge about them; that Yon may in due time
Govern, and they be Governed as in the fear of the Lord.
have
The Commiffioners are gone, the Corn is now on the Ground;
We expect the Harveſt: if the Fruit be Peace, we hope
the God of Peace will in time reduce all to Truth and
Order again; which that he may do, is the Prayer of
C. R.
With this his Majefties final account of this unconfummated Treaty, I will
conclude all his State-Miffives and Papers, the juftice and reaſonableness whereof
no doubt will be fo convincing, that there needed no other Pen to affert his
Quarrel. As he was the chief Subject of this Hiftory, fo was he the Life of it,
ording it the greatest light of Truth towards its compofition; fo that thefe
his happy Labours thall perpetuate his juft Renown, and make his Moral and
intellectual Virtues endure together, enthrined in the hearts of pious Pofterity:
To contribute whereto, as far as my humble dévoir would reach, I have made
thefe Collections; and fo with reverential leave to their bleffed Author, I pro-
ceed in this Chronicle.
7
In
192
Part J.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
The Army con-
pire to force
the Houfe.
The Parlia
ment Vote the
Kings Answer
Satisfactory,
Dec. 5.
In purſuance of that accurfed Remonftrance prefented the 20 of November
aforefaid, Cromwel drew the Army into the Suburbs of London, quartering them
at the Mews and at York houfe (and afterwards into London it felf) the General
quartering himſelf at Whiteball, to keep the King out in defiance of the Trea-
ty, with a reſolution to awe the Parliament into a non-compliance with his Ma-
jefty, whoſe great and moſt reaſonable Arguments for a Compoſure, and his
un-exampled Condeſcentions in order thereunto, they could neither fairly refel
or honeſtly refuſe. But notwithstanding, fuch was the juftice of God in favour
of his Majeſties Caufe, that the Parliament who had fo obftinately and dilato-
rily to the ruine of the Kingdom) rejected all his other Accommodations,
cloſed with him now. For upon the 4th of December, the Queſtion being put
in the Houfe of Commons, Whether the Kings Answer was fatisfactory or no?
(though the Army-party argued that they were not fatisfactory, becauſe the
King had not granted all their Propofitions in terms (contrary to the nature of
all Treaties, where fomething must be bated on both parts) and fo kept the bu-
fineſs in queſtion (until 8 a Clock at night next day, being Tuesday the 5th of
December) the Independents hoping (by their uſual trick)to tire out the mode-
rate Party) it was then Refolved,
That the Answers of the King to the Propofitions of both Houses, are a Ground
for both Houses to proceed upon, for the Settlement of the Peace of the Kingdom.
This being carried Affirmatively, and that fo clearly, that the Houſe was not
divided about it; to fecure this Vote, and the earneft of a Peace, a Committee
of fix Members was appointed to attend the General, to keep a good Corre-
fpondencie, &c. but we ſhall now fee Hell broke loofe in the Armies Infolen-
cies and Violence.
j
For theſe Caitiffs underſtanding the courage and honefty of the Houfe, re-
folved to play no longer with the weak Reed of Priviledge, but with a bold
Sword to folve the Oracle of their Villanies, in theſe enſuing complicated mif-
chiefs. To this purpoſe, Pride, Hewfon, and other Officers, having had fome
Conference in Westminster-Hall (the Doors being fhut) with the Speaker, fent in
The Army re- a Paper to the Houfe of Commons, Requiring the Impeached Members and Ma-
quire that the jor-General Brown (as guilty of calling in Hamilton to be fecured and brought to
Impeached
members and Justice; and that the ninety and odd Members, who refused to Vote against the late
Major-General Scotch Engagement, and all that Voted for recaling the four Votes of Non-Addref
Brown be fe- fes, and Voted for a Treaty, and concurred in the Yesterday's acquieſcing Vote in bis
cured and Majeties Anfwers, may be immediately fufpended the House; and that all fuch
brought to Fu- faithful Members, who are innocent of thofe Votes, would by Proteftation acquit
ftice.
themselves from any concurrence (that ſo they might know their own Goats) and
fo be distinguished. To this Paper they admitted no demur, not caring for, or
not daigning them the confideration of an Anfwer, but prefently brought
three or four Regiments of Horfe and Foot, and ſet ſtrong Guards at the Houles-
doors, the Lobby-ftairs, and every where about the Palace, admitting none but
Col. Hewton, Parliament-men into the Hall; where the faid two Colonels, and Sir Hardreß
and Sir Har- Waller violently feized upon divers Knights and Burgeffes of the Parliament,
dreſs Wailer, and forcibly carried them away Priſoners; others were by feigned excufes cal-
Seize on several
Members Dec. led out of the Houſe, and then pull'd away, and committed likewife without
any Warrant or caufe fhewn. And though the Houfe remaining fent the Ser-
jeant of Mace to command their attendance, (when Pride would not faffer him
to paſs) and fent likewife to the General about it, declaring they would not pro-
ceed in any buſineſs without them; yet the fecured Members were ftill kept in
durance, while the Rump (or Conventicle) became of the Armies Complexi-
on, and ſo prevaricated, and deſerted their Fellows. The Gentlemen thus de
tained, were afterwards lifted in a Catalogue by Hugh Peters, and carried to a
Victualling-place called Hell, being in number 41.where they were kept with-
out Beds, or other fitting accommodation all that night; and the next day, af-
ter a tedious attendance on the Council of Officers, were committed Prifoners
under Guard to two feveral Inns in the Strand. Befides thefe, the Belial Com-
The Houſe
guarded.
Col. Pride,
6.
Hugh Peters
an Agent for
the Army in
this Defigne.
manders
1648.
193
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
Ireton's info-.
ient expreffion.
manders ftanding feveral days with Lifts of Names in their hands at the Parlia. The Parliament
ment-door, turned back from the Houſe and debarred above 160 other Mem- impri ord.
bers, besides 40 more who voluntarily withdrew to avoid their violence.Moſt of
thofe 41 Members were after much expoftulation, and their Proteſtation of this
Force upon them and the Houſes, releaſed; Ireton infolently bidding them to
look to themſelves, and to act nothing against the prefent Parliament and Ar-
my at their peril. But Major-General Brown was fent Prifoner to St. James's,
where they would have put a trick upon him, by a forged Letter brought thi-
ther and delivered him (which he understanding their Plot, would have pub-
Major-General
likely read) as from the Prince. The Meffenger feeing his Project would not Brown feat
take, threw the Paper into the fire, and eſcaped, as was forelaid: He was after- prifoner to
wards fent prifoner to Windfor.
Windfor.
A
The remaining Juncto having met and conferred at Sommetfet-houſe,
began to act at Westminster as a Parliament; with whom fome fawning
Loids joyned, and Paffed an Ordinance, Declaring all perfons that had any way
appeared for the King, even by Subfcribing to the perfonal Treaty, fhould be in- Note, that
capable, &c. whereby the City could not find men to fupply thofe Trufts and Skippon thrust
in that clause.
Places, &c. and Petitioned againft it, but in vain; the Sectaries had packt a
new Common-council (by Authority from the Juncto) who conftituted any 40 The Fundo
of them a Court, and ſupreme to the Mayor) whoſe firſt work was the framing take apon them
a Petition for Juftice againſt the King and other Capital Offenders; which was to act as a
afterwards delivered by Titchburn, and had the thanks of the Mock-Parliament
for their pains, who now entred a Proteſtation againſt that fatisfactory Vote of
the 5th of December aforefaid, and purfue the Dictates and Directions of the
Army.
·
Parliament.
A little while before this, Colonel Rainsborough was flain at Doncafter by a Rainsborough
party of Royalifts that fallied out of Pomfract, then befieged by Sir Edward flain at Don-
Rhodes and the County-Forces, as he was in his Inn and his Souldiers about cafter,o&.29.
him, under a pretence of delivering him a Letter from Crowel. They would
have only taken him prifoner, and carried him through his own Leaguer into
their Caſtle; but he refuſing, they piftoled him in his Chamber, and departed
untoucht. A ftrange, yet brave Adventure. Scarbrough Caftle now Scarborough
likewiſe yielded to the Parliament, whom we will leave, and fee the Armies Cafle yielded
like violence and outrages upon the King.
to the Parl.
Colonel Ewres was appointed by the Parliament to this Service, who afflifted The Army seize
by Colonel Cobbet,on the first of Decemb. according to Command, received from the King, and
Hammond the perfon of the King, and hurried him out of that Ile away prifo- carry bim from
the Isle of
ner to Hurſt Caſtle, within the term of thofe 20 days after the Treaty,in which
Wight to
he was to remain according to the Houfes Declaration, in Honour, Safety, and Hurft-castle,
Freedom. This Caftle ftands a mile and a half in the Sea, upon a Breach full of Dec.1.
mud and ſtinking oaze upon low Tides, having no freſh water within two or
three miles of its fo cold, foggy, and noyfome, that the Guards cannot endure
it without ſhifting Quarters. Here they frayed the King a while, till Harriſon
was on his way to receive him, who brought him to Winchester; where the May- From thence to
or and Inhabitants caufed the Bells to ring, and at the Towns-end (as was due Wincheſter.
and uſual) in the middle of the mire prefented his Majefty with the Keys of
the City and the Mace; but in the very Ceremony were tumbled in the fame
mire by the Horſe, at the Command of Harrison. The next day the King
came to Farnham, and fo to Windfor, where he kept his forrowful and last 70 Farnham.
Chriftmats, being pent up in a corner of the Caftle, no man befides his Guards To Windfor.
to come to him; and all refpect and reverence to his Perfon forborn, while by
Order of the Juncto he was fent for up to his Palace of St. James's, Harrison The King
brought to St..
impudently riding covered in the fame Coach with him, and his Myrmidons
James's, Jana
wounding any that fhewed their Loyal Compaffion, and lamented this mifera- 19.
ble condition of their beloved Sovereign. In which we muft leave him, and Harrifon's in-
return to our Grandees.
11
Theſe offals of a Parliament having by an Ordinance taken away the Oaths
D d
of
$
· folent behavi-
our to the
King,
F
}
Part I.
194
À Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
The Ordinance
for Trial of the
King brought
into the Fundo
by Tho. Scot.
Ibey Vote
it Treafon for
the King of
England to
le
vy war against
bis Parlia-
ment.
The Vote and
of Supremacie and Allegeance, ufually adminiftred to Freemen, &c. thereby to
free themſelves from thoſe ties of Duty upon them, and to make way for their
enfuing Trayterous defigne (in order whereunto the Council of War had forbid
any Ceremony or State to be uſed to the King, and his Attendants leffened)
now proceeded roundly to their Army Journey-work: for on the 28 of Decem-
ber, Thomas Scot brought in the Ordinance for Trial of the King: it was read
and recommitted three ſeveral times, and the Commiffioners names of all forts,
to engage the whole Body of the Kingdom in this Treaſon inferted; and to
give it a Foundation, thefe Votes paffed:
That the Lords and Commons Affembled in Parliament de Declare and Adjudge,
that by the Fundamental Laws of the Realm, it is Treafon in the King of Eng-
land for the time to come to Levy War against the Parliament and Kingdom of Eng
land.
With this Declaratory, Vote the ſaid Ordinance was carried up to the Lords,
by the Lord Gray of Grooby, January 2. 1648. The Lords being 16 in num-
Ordinance car- ber, met that day, and received it, promifing to fend an Anſwer by Meſſengers
of their own.
ried to the
Lords by the
Grooby.
est .1
The firſt Queſtion ſtarted by fome Lords (who had rather had a thinner
Lord Gray of Houfe) was, Whether it should be prefently debated; which was affirmed. The
firft Debate was upon the Declaratory Vote, to which the Earl of Mancheſter
faid, That the Parliament of England by the Fundamental Laws, confifted of
three Estates; King, Lords, and Commons; whereof the King is the first and chief-
elt: He Calls and Diffolues Parliaments, and without him there can be no Parlia-
ment, and therefore it's abfurd to fay, the King can be a Traytor against the Par-
liament. Then the Earl of Northumberland added, That the greateſt part, at
least twenty to one of the people of England, were not yet fatished whether the
King Levied War first against the Houses, or the Houses against him? And if the
King did Levy War first against the Houses, there is no Law to make it Treaſon in
bim: And for them to declare Treafon by an Ordinance, when the matter of Fact
is not proved, nor any Law extant to judge it by, is very unreasonable. The Earls
of Pembroke and Denbigh faid, they would be torn in pieces before they would
affent with the Commons; fo the Lords caft off the Debate, and caft out the
Ordinance, and adjourned for ſeven days.
The Lords caft
out the Ordi
nance, and ad-
journed for 7
days.
The Commons,
netled, they
refolte to rid
their band of
King, Lords,
and iſſenting
Commons.
An Act of the
Houſe of Com-
mons for the
Tryal of King
Charles the
Firft.
This netled the Commons, who thereupon refolved to rid their hands of
King, Lords, and their Fellow-Commons together, by a leading Vote, That all
Members of Committees ſhould proceed and act in any Ordinance wherein the Lords
vere joy,though the Peers ſhould not Sit nor concur with them. And added
thereanto aree other Democratical Reſolves, Jan. 4. 1648. 1. That the Peo-
ple are under God the Original of all just Power. 2. That the Commons of Eng-
land in Parliament Affembled, chofen by and Reprefenting the People, bave the Su-
preme Power of the Nation. 3. That whatsoever is enacted or declared for Law
the House of Commons Affembled in Parliament,bath the force of Law. Which
pailed without one Negative Voice,which fhewed at whole beck they were. And
thus firft they hatcht this Monfter, called An Act for the Trial of the King, &c.
which is here tranfcribed, transferring the names of the Commiffioners to
their enfuing Character.
3.9
An Act of Parliament of the Houfe of Commons for Trial of
· Charles Stuart King of England.
Hereas it is notorious, that Charles Stuart the now King of England, not
W
content with the many Encroachments which bis Predeceffors had made
upon the People in their Rights and Freedom, bath had a wicked defigne to fubvert
the Antient and Fundamental Laws and Liberties of this Nation, and in their
place to introduce an Arbitrary and Tyrannical Government; and that befides all
other evil ways to bring his defigne to paß, he hath profecuted it with Fire and
Sword,
1648.
10%
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Sword, levied and maintained a Civil War in the Land, again the Parliament
and Kingdom ÿ whereby this Country hath been miſerably wasted the Publique Trea-
fure exhausted, Trade decreased, thousands of people murthered, and infinite other
mischiefs committed 3 for all which bigh offences, the faid Charles Stuart might
long fince have been brought to exemplary and condign puniſhment:
Whereas also the Parliament, well hoping that the restraint and imprisonment of
his perſon, after it had pleafed God to deliver him into their bands,would have quie-
ted the distempers of the Kingdom, did forbear to proceed judicially againt bim, but
found by fad experience, that fuch their remifness, ferved only to encourage him
and his Complices in the continu ince of their evil practices, and in raising new Com-
mtions, Rebellion and Practifer.
f
For prevention of the like and greater inconveniences, and to the end no Chief Offi-
cer or Migitrate may hereafter prefume traiterously and maliciously to imagine or
contrive the enflavi g or destroying of the Engliſh Nation, and to expeli impurity: Be
it Enacted and Ordained by the Commons in thus prefent Parliament Afembled, and
it is hereby Enicted and Ordained, that Thomas Lord Fairfax,&c. (the other per-
ons that actually did Sit and Sentence are hereafter fubjoyned) shall be and are
appointed Commiffi mers and Judges for the Hearing, Trying and Judging of the
faid Charles Stuart. And the faid Commisioners, or any twenty of them, shall be,
and are hereby Authorized and Conftituted an High Court of Justice, to meet at
fuch convenient time and places, as by the faid Commiffioners, or the major part, or
twenty or more of them under their Hands and Seals hali be appointed, and notified
by publique Proclamation in the great Hill or Palace-yard of Weſtminſter ; and to
adjourn from time to time, and from place to place, as the faid High Court, or the
major part thereof meeting fhill bold fit; and to take order for the Charging of Him
the faid Charles Stuart with the Crimes above mentioned, and for receiving his
perfonal Anſwer thereunto, and for examination of Witneſſes upon Oath if need be
concerning the fame; and thereupon, or in default of fuch answer to proceed to final
Sentence, according to Justice and the merit of the Caufe, to be executed speedily and
impartially.
And the faid Court is hereby Authorized and required to chuſe and appoint all
fuch Officers and Attendants, and other Circumstances, as they or the Major part of
them shall in any frt judge neceſſary or uſeful, for the ordering and good managing
of the Premises And Thomas Lord Fairfax the General, with all Officers of
Justice, and other well-affected perfons, are hereby Authorized and Required to be
aiding and affiting to the faid Commiſſioners; in the due execution of the Truſt here-
by committed to them. Provided, that this Ordinance, and the Authority hereby
granted, do continue for the space of one Month, from the Date of the making bere-
of, and no longer.
>
Fultice were to
This Act was followed by a Proclamation January 9. made by Serjeant Jan.g.
Dendy, by found of Drums and Trumpets, and Guards of Horfe and Serjeant Den-
dy makes Pro-
Foot in Westminster-Hall, whereby notice was given, that the Commillioners of clamation,that
the ( pretended) High Court of Juftice were to fit down on the morrow, and the commiffio-
that all thoſe that had any thing to ſay againſt Charles Stuart King of England, nes of the
might be heard. The like was done in Cheap-fide, and at the old Exchange. High Court of
The Actors or Tragica! Perfons in this Ordinance, were ſtumbled at feveral fit the next day,
illegalities and irregularities thereof, which in a prefumptuous confidence (as and all perfons
drunken men pafling over a dangerous Bridge) they yet flighted. But when it ated to give
was perfected, and the confummatory part of the Seal to be affixed, and the in Evidence a-
gainst Charles
whole refult to be warranted thereby, they were at a ftand, as knowing the Stuart.
Kings Seal could not be made ufe of against him; while the Army-Familiars Proclaimed in
infpired them, that the King and his Seal was alike unneceffary, and that they three places,
Westminster,
mult now (according to their advice) act by themselves and their own Autho-
Cheap-fide,
tity; which direction they followed, and gave order for a new Seal to their en- and the Old
fuing Acts as hereafter.
Exchange,
We have omitted the Cypher-Names ſpecified in the faid pretended Act, be-
+
Dd 2
caufe
196
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
ļ
32
i
cauſe many of them, upon reluctancie of Confcience, or more happy perfwafi-
ons of Friends, did not undertake the Impiety; as alfo, becauſe we would not
defame the Names of thofe Lords and Peers of the Kingdom, and the Judges
(whofe Function inftructed them to the contrary) that were invited, and lifted
The Names and once by the fame Treaſonable Combination, to be partakers in that Guilt: but
Charaffers of those that appeared and profecuted their Power, and are worthy of their brand,
the King's
are with their due Character here fubjoyned.
Judges.
+
The Kings Judges marked with † are thoſe that were
Executed.
Oliver Cromwel, an English Monſter, a fhame to the British Chronicle; a
Cromwel, a name of ruine and mifchief, a Native of Huntingdon fbire, who needs no other
Native of Hun- Character than this Chronicle, being the Troubler of our Ifrael; whofe
tingdon-fhire.
ruines were his Grave, yet hath found another under Tyburn, Jan. 30.
Henry Ireton, Commiffary-General of Horfe, Crommel's Second, efpoufed his
Daughter as well as his Delignes, fo, like Father-in-law, like Son-out-
+
Ireton, bis
Son-in-law.
+
Chefhire-man
ly, 1659.
He took the
Terms before
the King's
death.
law, and renterifed in the fame manner, and at the fame time, 1660.
Jobn Bradshaw, Prefident, Cum nemini obtrudi poteſt itur ad Hunc,
there was no fuch Villaia to be found among the Long-Robe, who drowned all
his wickedness and falfe practifes, not to be compared,under this moſt flagitious
Bradshaw, a and fcelerate parricide of the King. A Chefbire-man born, but hateful to his
died obftinate Country, more abominable to his Name, moit odious to his Nation, whofe
hopeful recovery by the first endeavours of his own County under Sir George
Tooth, in 1659. he fo pined at, that taking a juft deſperation, he died. Two
Oath of Alle- Terms before the Perpetration of the Kings Murther, he had took the Oath of
geance but two Allegeance as a Serjeant at Law, being called to that Dignity from the fcolding
and railing of Guild-ball London, to convitiate and reproach his moft peaceable
Sovereign. He grew conſcious (as to the fafety of his Body) of his Fact, when
he thewed his averlneſs to Oliver, the very name of a Single Perfon frighting
him; but fo cauterized as to the falvation of his Soul,that he departed in a molt
damnable obitinacie and maintenance of his Fact, prefuming there was no
High Court of Justice in Heaven, or elle that he was judged already. The price
He is rewarded of this Villany was the Prefidencie of their Council of State, the Lord Cotting-
with the Lord ton's Eſtate, and the Dutchy of Laneafter, with fome Advance-Money like Ju-
Cottington's
Eitate, and the dis ior his undertaking. It is obferved he died in his Bed, advantageoufly Com-
mented on by the Imps and Abettors of his villany by others, at leaſt taken
as a note of admiration, leaving his Name and Memory to be tortured for ever.
The good Providence of God removing this wretch, and the moſt implacable
Enemies of our Sovereign, by the fame cafie hand (which might otherwife have
been died in blood) with which it reſtored Him to his Kingdoms,and his people
to their Laws, Liberty,and Religion; he was likewife digged out of Westminster-
Abby, and thrown under the Gallows.
Dutchy of
Lancaſter.
Col. Thomas Harriſon, the Son of a Butcher at Newcastle-under-line in Staf-
Marriſon, a
ford-fhire, once Servant to Mr. Hutker an Attorney. He betook himſelf to the
Butchers Son
at Newcaſtle Ariny in the beginning of the Wars, and by Preaching and fuch-like fanctity,
in Stafford- came to be a Major; where his pragmatical fpirit cherished by Cromwel, pre-
fhire, was ex- ferred him to a Colonel, and the cuftody of the Kings perfon, when taken
ecuted at Cha- from the Ile of Wight; which he moft irreverently abufed, by no lefs fawcie
behaviour than Treaſonable ſpeeches. He was afterwards the great Captain
of all the Schifmatiques, efpecially Fifth-Monarchy-men, in whofe love, and
no others, he died, and was expectedly Executed at Charing-Croß, in that expia
tory Month of October, 1660.
ring-Crofs,
Octob.1660.
+
John Carew, Brother of Sir Alexander Carew beheaded in 1644. This per-
John Carew. fon was no doubt deluded by the miſtaken impulfes of Satan, for thofe of the
Spirit, being a Rank Fifth-monarchift, and fo pre-difpofed against all Govern
ment
1648.
197
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ment and Authority, which he helped to ſtrike at in the death of the King.
+
John Cook,
John Cook, the Sollicitor of the High Court, whofe Plea (charitably taken }
is his belt Character, that his Crime was not out of Malice but Avarice; being sollicitor of the
a poor man, and in a wanting Condition, before he undertook this moft fcele- High Court.
rate piece of Service. Better be out of practice, than in fuch as this.
Hugh Peters, the fhame of the Clergy, a Pulpit-Buffoon, a feditious abomi- +
nable Fellow, Trumpet to this Pageantry of a High Court of Juftice, the moft Hugh Peters,
th⋅ hame of
unparallell❜d Ecclefiaftick in all Story or Times.
the Clergy.
+
Thomas Scot,
a Brewers
Clerk, bis rab
wish.
Thomas Scot, a Brewers Clerk, then turned Country-Attorney, and by coun-
tenance of the Grandees was choſen a recruit for the Borough of Wickham in
the County of Buckingham; fo violent an Enemy of the Kings, that he
wifhed for no other Epitaph or Infcription on his Grave, than Here lies Thomas
Scot one of the King's Judges: but he ſhould first have wiſhed for a Gravė.
Gregory Clement, a Merchant, who procured and purchaſed a place in Parlia- +
ment, by the fame means as he did his luftful debaucheries, for the notori ty of Gregory Cle-
which, his Fellow-villains difcarded him their Company. He contributed to chant.
the deftruction of his Sovereign, that he might Reign in his own wicked-
nefs.
ment, a Mer-
+
Adrian Scroop, a Colonel of Horfe, very active against the Kings Party in
1648. and more diligent against his Life and Honour at this High Court of Adrian
Scroop, Bro-
Juftice. 'Tis fad to think he ſhould be allied to fo Honourable a Family, and ther to Sir A-
fo deferving and Noble a Gentleman of his own name, Sir Adrian Scroop drian.
Knight of the Bath, 13 Caroli 2.
+
Col. John Jones, a Serving-man, of a mean fortune, till the times, which
John Jones,
afforded him advantages among the ruined Loyal Welch, where he was first a
a Serving-mang
great Committee-man, and then a recruit to the Parliament, and married one of marries
Cromwels Sifters (who had as many Females to beſtow as a Cardinal) and might Cromwels
therefore be prefumed on to make one in this Tragedy.
fifier.
Francis Hacker, a Souldier of Fortune, of notable Refolution and Conduct, +
the fuccels whereof wrought him into Cromwels familiarity, from whence he Francis Hac-
had not the faculty or power co recede, but was charmed into this defperate de- ker,a Soullier,
figne; his being the latt hand through which it paffed to the Scaffold.
of Fortune.
Mercer, Capt.
Daniel Axtel, a kind of Country-Mercer in Bedfordshire, obeyed the Call (as +
he ſaid) of the (fèditious) Pulpits, and went forth fome (mall Officer to fight a- Daniel Axtel,
gainit the Mighty after many Traverſes, was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and 4 Country-
employed by Cromwel out of favour to him, as the ready way to Greatnefs, to of the Guard
be Captain of the Guard at the Kings Trial, where he made his Janizaries by at the Kings
blows and threats, to cry out, Justice and Execution. He was guilty of a great Trial.
deal more but not to be mentioned with this) blood in Ireland, and had got-
ten a pretty foul Eftate.
+
Col. Okey, formerly a Stoker in a Brew-houſe, then a Chandler near Billings-
Okey, 2
gates but leaving his Trade for his hopes in the War, paffed through the feveral chandler near
Commands to that of a Colonel, in a very ſhort ſpace of time. He was a da- Billingsgate,
ring bold Commander, which rendred him open and fuitable to Cromwels de- London,a de-
fignes, who likewife bewitched him into the Partnerſhip of this accurfed Mur- ring Comman
ther.
der.
Miles Corbet, of a very good Family in Norfolk, chofen Burgeſs for Yarmouth +
in that County, when he had no other advantage but troubleſome times to reco- Miles Corbet,
ver himself, which he helped forward into the enfuing Calamities. Hoc mily in Nor-
of a good Fa-
faciunt mores Pontiliane Tui. - He was one of the Male-content Members folk, Burges
of the former Parliament, with Sir John Elliot and others; and now took the for Yarmouths
opportunity of wreaking all thofe old grudges upon the Kings life, and to thare
himſelf an Ettate from leveral great places in England and Ireland, where he
was in effect Lord Chancellor.
+
Col. John Berkstead, once a forry Goldfmith in the Strand, and having learnt John Berk-
a little City-Souldiery, for want of better Commanders, was made Captain of Itead, a Gold-
a Foot-company under Colonel Ven at Windfor; was afterwards Governour of mith, Liente,
nant of the
Reading, Tower.
198
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
Ap
£
*
Reading, and by his pliantnefs ingratiated with Oliver, who made him one of
the Kings Judges, afterwards preferred him to the Lieutenancie of the Tower,
where now his head ftands.
Thefe of the Kings Judges marked with
नै
before the Kings Return.
are those that died
Col. Thomas Pride, a Brewer, to which he afcended from a Dray min, by the
fame steps as from thence he became a Lord: he was a refolute ignorant fel-
Thom, Pride, low. but of very good fuccefs, and therefore fit to partake with Cromwel, and to
a Brewer, an
venture on that prime and hardy work of garbling the Parliament for him. That
ignorant Fel-
lon, but of
done, he deferved any employment from his Mafter, and was put upon this,
good facceß.
which he difcharged with as much brutifhnefs.
*
Ifaac Ewer,
of au bonnura.
rable family in
Yorkshire.
*
!
The Lord Gray
of Grooby,
Son to the Earl
of Stamford.
*
Sir John Dan-
Co'. Ifazc Ewer, deſcended of an Antient and Right Honourable Family in
Yorkshire, but the Patrimony thereof fo wafted, that this Cadet was forced to
betake himfelf to the wealthier fide, where he profited alike in Principles. He
was thought fit (becauſe of his Birth) to be the Kings Guardian from the Ifle
of Wight which he performed, and afterwards to be his Murtherer. His Re-
lation was chofen one of Olivers Lords of the other Houſe.
{
Thomas Lord Gray of Grooby, Son to the Earl of Stamford, a Colonel in the
Army, and fo infected. By the Honour of his Family he efcapes a mention or
condemnation for this Crime, as well as others.
Sir John Danvers Knight, Brother to the Earl of Danby, a Loyal and Noble
Pecr: Sed fcio quis Deus eft, bunc qui tibi dividit aftris. The covetoufnels after his
Brothers Eftate (who was made a Delinquent) fuckt him in, and afterwards
fwallowed his Name and Honour in this Whirl pool of confution, and Roy-
Earl of Danal Blood.
vers, Brother
to the Loyal
*
Sir Tho. Ma-
by Sir Thomas Maleverer, defcended alfo of a very good Family in Yorkshire, but
obliged to the kinduefs of the two laft Kings for their Honour, which being
above his Eftate, wickedly prompted him for the equalling of it, to drain the
Fountain of his Mafters life and Honour.
leverer, of
good Family in
Yorkshire.
*
Sir John Bourchier,another Yorkshire Knight,an Independent Mercenary, who
Siroh™ Bour- from the Crifts of their prevalencie workt for them; and that he might not
chier, a dzli- be out of the way when occation ſhould ferve them, diligently dined at Hell;
geat Indepen and to compleat his work, confented to this Murther.
dent-Mercena-
ry.
*.
Col Purefoy,
Governor of
Coventry,
*
John Blake-
Col. Purefoy, a Warwickshire Gentleman, and Governour once of Coventry ;
a great Zealot against Croifes, and no lefs againft Crowns. He imbrued his
hands in the Blood of his Prince, but could not tell (for the cafe of his Confci-
ence upon his death-bed) how he ſhould wipe them.
John Blakeftone, formerly a Shop-keeper in Newcastle, where pretending him-
felf a Presbyterian while the Scots were there, he was chofen Burgels for that
ftone, a Shup- Town and jugling a while among the Independent Faction, learnt a worſe
kreper in
Trade, and the wicked Craft of King-killing.
Newcastle.
*
Sir William Constable, a Yorkshire-man, one who fold his Lands, to Sir Mar-
Sir William maduke (after Lord Langdale) in the beginning of our Troubles, but when
Conftable of the faid Lord was made a Delinquent, regained them for nothing was a great
Rumper, and at their hand for this Parricide, he died Governour of Glouce-
fter, and a great Commander in the North.
Yorkshire,
Governor of
Gloucefter.
if
Rich. Dean,
General at
Sta, flain by
a
Cannon foot.
*
Fr. Allen, a
Goldsmith, one
of the Com.
mmittees for the
(cle of Kings
Lands.
Richard Dean, Colonel and General at Sea, where he was flain by a Cannon
hot, ftanding by the Renowned General Monk his Colleague. This perfon
was formerly a Hoymans fervant in Ipswich, and when the War began, was a
Matrofs in the Train of Artillery, and rofe to a Captains Command therein;and
was famous firſt at the Siege of Exeter,& being a crofs Fellow,was thought fit to
be one of Cromwels Complices, to execute his Plots againſt his Sovereigns life.
Francis Alien, once a Gold-fmith in Fleet-treet, where he leapt into a pretty
Eltate by marrying his Miftrefs; was chofe a Recruit of the Long Parliament,
and adhered to the Juncto for their admiffion of him; was made one of the
Trea
1648,
100
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Treaſurers at War, a Cotomer; and had Crone-house given him, and held it in
Capite Regis: atter that Musher, was made one of the Committees for fale of
his Majettes Lands, &c.
*
Pelham, Go-
vernour of
Hull.
Peregrine Pelham, a Yorkshire Tike, not of the Suſſex-Family; a kind of Go- Peregrine
vernour of Hell after Hotham; the dutifui carrage of which place taught
him afterwards this Trayterous deportment in the High Court of Juftice.
John Moor, formerly Colonel of the Guards, and had the benefit of all Paſſes
from London.
John Allured, a Souldier of Fortune, promoted (for his hand in this Villany)
to be a Colonel, died juſt before his Majefties Reflitution.
Humphry Edwards, a Member of the Long-Parliament, difcontented againft
the King for being denied by him a Preferment he deſerved not; which rankled
and feltred him into this malicious Parricide.
Sir
1 Gregory Norton, a poor Knight, one of the Penfioners to the King, had
Richmond-Mannor and Houfe as good as given him for this Service againſt his
good Mafter and Sovereign.
*
*
John Moor.
John Allured.
*
Humph. Ed-
wards, a
Member of
the Long-Parl.
*
Sir Gregory
Norton.
*
John Ven, a broken Silk man in Cheap-fide, made Governour of Windfor-
Cattle in the beginning of the War, and had other profits and emoluments. It is John Ven,
credibly reported that he hanged himſelf, certain it is, he died ſtrangely and a
fuddenly.
Silkman, Go.
vernour of
Windfor-ca-
Thomas Andrews, a Linnen-draper in London, afterwards a Treaſurer for the file.
Guild-hall Plate, and Receiver for the Army; he afterwards proclaimed the Act
againſt Kingly Government, and very narrowly prevented Juftice.
Anthony Stapely, a Suſſex Gentleman and Colonel, and Governour of Chi-
chefter, ſtrangely wrought into this wicked Confpiracie.
*
Th.Andrews.
*,
Anth.Stapely.
*
Th: Horton,
• Thomas Horton, a Recruit to the Long-Parliament, of fo mean and unknown
a Quality before St. Fagons-Fight, that that's all the Character can be given Recruit to the
him here.
Long Parl.
*
John Fry, another Recruit to the Long-Parliament, a Yeoman and Commit-
tee-man of Dorſetſhire; he proved an Arrian in Print, which Colonel Downs
John, Fry,
charged him with; and fo no wonder he that dar'd deny the Divinity of Chrift, Dorſetſhire,
a Yeoman of
was fo cruelly Traiterous to the Majefty of his Prince.
an Arrian.
*
Thomas Hammond, Son to Prince Henry's Phylitian,who moſt ungratefully and
difloyally was the Kings Joylor, and verified that fad Prefage and Oracle of the Thom.Ham-
King, That there are but few steps between the Prisons and Graves of Princess to mond, Brother
the great trouble of his moft Loyal and Learned Brother, Dr. Henry Hammond,
the Kings beloved Chaplain.
•
to Dr. Ham-
mond: the
Kings Faylor.
Ifaac Pen-
nington, Lora
Ifaack Pennington, Lord Mayor of London two years together, againſt the
Kongs exprefs Command from Oxford, a moſt implacable Rebel; yet for all the
fpoil he got, broke twice, and hop'd to make good all by the death of his Sove- Mayor of
reign: fince his Impriſonment he died in the Tower.
London. }
*
Simon Meyne, a Buckingham-ſhire-man, of a good Eſtate, but an illegal Re-
cruit of the Long-Parliament; a great Committee-man and Sequeftrator of o- Simon Meyne
ther mens Eltates, and being fo initiated, thought it no great matter to aflift in of Bucking
this buſineſs of the Kings life: fince his Impriſonment he died in the Tower. in the Tower.
hamshire, died
Theſe of the Kings Judges marked with
in the Tower of London and elsewhere,
of Death, to be Executed at the pleasure
ment.
a
are fuch as are in Priſon
and are under Sentence
of the King and Parlia-
Sir Hardref Waller, à Souldier of Fortune, once a Cavalier in Judgment,
then a Presbyterian, upon the new Model an Independent, where finding the Sir Hardrefs
uncontroulable ſweetness of Pay, and likelinefs of greater Spoils, he was hard- Waller, a
ned into this Conſpiracie againſt the King, and mattered his hopes of Wealth Fortune.
in
Souldier of
5
+
200
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
;
Will Have
ningham Efq.
of as artient
Fantly in
Suffolk
in Ireland, being Major-General: he was a prifoner in the Tower of London
and confeffed and deprecated his crime.
#
ز.
William Heveningham Efquire, a Gentleman of the fairest Eftate, and as
Gentile and Ancient a Family as any in Suffolk. To keep ill Company, is the
way to be wicked. Other caufes and inducements to this horrid action are not
publique, and I will not dive further.
Col. Henry Marten, Son of Sir Henry Marten Judge of the Perrogative-Court;
a mot lewd, vicious, and infamous perfon, who firft fpoke Treafon against the
Henry Mar- King and his Family in the Houſe of Commons, and was in complement com-
mitted and ſuſpended. There was no queſtion, but he would act what he ſpoke,
when the power thereof was in his fellow Traytors hands.
¿ell.
Owen Row, 4
Silk-man of
London.
Auguline
Owen Row, a Silk-man of London, a conftant Commander in the Indepen-
dent Militia thereof, and fo trained up to the perpetration of this wicked-
nefs.
Auguſtine Garland, a Recruit of the Long-Parliament for the Borough of
Quinborough in Kent, in 1647. Chair-man of the Committee that drew up the
pretended Act for the Kings Trial: as rare a Blade as the worst of them at the
perfon relating fpoil of the Kingdom; a Lawyer, and fufpected to have ſpit in the Kings Face
Garland, a
to the Law.
Henry Smith,
at his Trial.
Henry Smith, a Lawyer, but a mean one,, of a fair Eſtate in Leiceſterſhire, to
one of the Six which was added (as the hire of this villany) a Six Clerks place in Cancery; fup-
pofed to be drawn in, and complicated in this Guilt.
Clarks in
Chancery.
Robert Titchbourn, a Linnen-draper, of good City-Extraction, a Colonel,
made by Fairfax Lieutenant of the Tower for a while, Lord Mayor of London,
and one of the infamous Triers of his Sovereign, the meritorious fervice of all
Mayor of Lon- his preferments and greatneſs.
Robert Titch-
bourn, Lord
don.
Col. George Fleetwood, of Buckingham-fhire, Kinſman to Sir Miles Mafter of
the Kings Court of Wards, and Brother to Sir William a very Loyal and ho-
George Fleet- neft Gentleman, and to Charles Fleetwood a very Knave and Fool.
wood.
James Tem-
ple.
James Temple, of Suffex, Colonel, came in to this pack for his thare of the
Spoil; a man remarkable for nothing but this horrid bufinefs.
Thomas Wait, a Rutlandſhire-man, a Recruit to the Parliament, choſen by the
Armies influence, and from a mean perfon made by them Governour of Bur-
Thomas Wait leigh, by which means he became engaged to their Interefts and Defignes.
Peter Temple, formerly a Linnen-drapers,apprentice in Friday-ſtreet;but his elder
Brother dying, forlook his Trade, and was poffeft of fome 400 pounds a year in
Leiceſterſhire, was as a Recruit chofen Burgefs for that County-town,as Colleague
to Sis Arthur Haflerig, made a Captain of Horfe, and a great Committee-man,
but of very weak parts, and cafie to be led where the hopes and promiſes of pro-
fit guided him yet got nothing (though a conftant Rumper) being fooled by
Oliver into the fnare, as he hath often confeffed it.
Peter Tem-
ple, a London
Lanner-draper,
But for Lei-
cefter.
Robert Lil-
burn, Brother
to John Lil-
burn.
Gilbert Mil-
lington, a
Lawyer.
i
Robert Lilburn, of the Bishoprick of Durham, Brother to John Lilburn the
Trouble-world, fided formerly with Cromwel, and was through-paced to his In-
terefts, though another Brother repented, and would have kept Tinmouth-caftle
for the King, when John fell off upon a Model of his own. A Colonel of Horfe
he was made a while before this Regicide, and fo ran fearlefly into the danger
of it.
?
Gilbert Millington, a Lawyer, and conftant Chair-man of the Committee
for plundered Miniſters, the fweets of which Imployment fet his Teeth on edge,
and ſharphed him to this cruel attempt upon his Sovereigns life.
Vincent Potter, a Recruit of the faid Long-Parliament, a Muſhroom-Member,
Vincent Pot fo fuddenly fprung up, and from fuch ignote Relations, that the only knowledge
ter, an upstart of him came by this infamous Murder.
Member.
John Downes, formerly a Citizen, then a Colonel in the Army, and a Recruit
to the Parliament, and by menaces and threats engaged in this fatal buſineſs:
John Downs, he would have oppofed the violence that carried it, but was over-born himſelf,
a citizen of
London, and a his Allegeance and Confcience being over-awed by Crommel.
Colonel.
Thefe
1648.
201
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
Theſe of the Kings Judges marked with || are those that fled the
Kingdome upon His Majefties Return.
Thomas We-
Thomas Wogan, a recruit likewife to the Parliament, had his leffon fet him
upon his procured Election, that he was to endeavour the Ruine of the King- gan, an obſcure
dom, for his fhare in it; and to deftroy the King, to become himself one of our perfon.
Princes in the Anarchy.
John Lifle, a Gentleman and a Lawyer bred, was born of a good Family, ||
who had a fair Patrimony in the Ille of Wight, whofe Father dyed there during Gentleman and
John Lifle, a
the Treaty a fevere and fupercilious perfon, clouded always with pretences of Lawyer, Prefi
Religion, and Common-wealth Intereft. The very picture of a male-content, dent of feveral
and by his countenance (the counterfeit of Guy Fauks his Dark-lanthorn) di- High Courts of
rected to this confpiracy. For his fervice done herein, he was made one of the Justice.
Commiffioners of the new Great Seal, Mafter of Saint Croffes, a place onely fit
for a Divine, worth 800 per annum, in place of a reverend Doctor; for which
preferments he became obliged to the Blood-fucking State, to affume the Scar-
let Robes and the as deep dyed guilt of John Bradshaw, and be Preſident to all
the High Courts of Juftice during the ufurpation: the lalt effects of his fan-
guinous violence being the death of Sir Henry Slingsby, Doctor Hewit, and
others of leffer quality. He fled upon the return of the King, and not long
after fell himſelf by the hand of Violence.
ព
will. Say Eq.
William Say Elquire, a Member alfo of the Long Robe, and a well-practifed
who for the Fee of this wicked combination, & Lawyer and
but ill counſelled Lawyer
had Liberty to get what he could, being foyfted in as one of the illegal recruits Deputy-speaker
of the Long-Parliament. He fate in the Chair of the Scorner when Lenthall of the House of
the Speaker was fick of the fullens for ten days, upon the approach of General Coinmons.
Monke; and gave himself the Thanks of the Houfe, while three Kingdoms
gave
him their Curfes. He is relatively good, by a Brother now living, Fel-
low of Oriel-Colledge in Oxford, for whofe fake I will fpeak no more of him,
till Juftice finde him, for he is fled.
Col. Valentine Walton, whofe firft remarque was the marriage of Crom- Valentine
wel's Sitter, by whofe awe and command he was made by the Parliament Go- Walton, Bro-
vernour of Lyn, and Bathaw of the Ifle of Ely; which place he had fortified, ther in law to
Cromwel, and
if before Cromwel could have compleated his deligne, he had been forced thi- Governour of
ther. He hath efcaped hitherto, but remains in the lift of the Fugitives of that Lyn.
tribe.
Col. Edward Whaley, once a Wollen-draper, deſcended from a Family in Edward Wha
Nottingham-fhire, but decaying, left the Ell and took up the Spear, and from ley, a wollen-
our firft Troubles continued in them, till he rofe to be Commiffary-General of draper, bis Fa-
the Horſe. Theſe advantages taught him firft to betray the King at Hampton tinghamshire,
Court under pretence of affection, when he made him fly to the Isle of Wight, a good fouldier.
and to murder him afterwards, without any fcruple. He is fled alſo.
mily of Not-
Edmund Ludlow, whofe Father was a Traytor before him, and uttered Trea-
ſonable words against the King in the Houfe of Commons in 1643. which the son of a
were afterwards accompliſhed by his Son in this unparallell'd Fact, who by Trator, a da-
feveral gradations in the Parliament and Army came to be a Lieutenant-Gene- ring foldier.].
ral, and one of the chief Commiflioners for Ireland.
Sir Michael
Sir Michael Livefey, a perſon of an undone reputation and Eftate in Kent, Livesey of
whofe Plunder-Malter-General he was in the progreſs of the War; a fit perfon Kent.
for the employment, Dignum patella operculum.
JohnHewfon,
John Hewfon, a broken Shoo-maker or Cobler, who by degrees rofe to be a a Skoo-maker,
Colonel a Fellow fit for any miſchief, and capable of nothing elfe, as his flo- dead in Exile,
ry will declare, and therefore no wonder that he was a partaker in this impie a bold Com-
ty. He is fince dead in Exile, and was buried by report at Amfterdam.
William Goffe, a Salters Apprentice, run from his Mafter into the Army, and will. Goffe.
mander.
!
E e
by
202
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
$
a Salters Ap by his boldness was notified to the Grandees thereof, who liking of his hu-
prentice, and a mour preferred him, and ferved themſelves with his company in this flagiti-
bold Comman-
der.
11
ous crime.
Cornelius Holland, a Servant to Sir Henry Vane, and preferred by him to the
Cor. Holland, Green-cloth in the Kings Houfhould. His Father was a poor man, and dyed
a fervant to
a Prifoner in the Fleet but this Fellow got a vaft Eftate by his disloyalty against
a good Mafter, whom he not onely robbed but murthered.
Sir Hen.Vane.
11
ThomasChal-
loner, a great
Speech-maker
against the K.
11
Will. Cawley
a Brewer of
Chicheſter.
11
Nic. Love (on
to Dr. Love
;
Thomas Challoner, a great Republican, and Enemy to the King, his Family
and Government, fince he knew what it was; the great Speech-maker against
him, having been a traveller, and no doubt Jefuitically affected, as he made
more vifibly manifeft in the practife of their Doctrine of Regicide.
William Cawley, a Brewer of Chichester, and returned for a recruit of the
Long-Parliament, could not for Trade-fake but concur with his Brethren O-
liver Cromwel and Thomas Scot.
Nicholas Love, Doctor Love's Son of Winchester, Chamber-fellow with the
Speaker Lenthall, made one of the fix Clerks of Chancery in Mafter Penrud-
fWinchefter. ducks place; a violent Enemy against the King and his Friends, from the
very beginning of our Troubles, and an Army-partaker in this horrible Act."
John Dixwel,
John Dixwell, a recruit of the Long-Parliament for Dover, Colonel and Go-
'Governour of
Dover-Castle. Vernour of Dover Caftle; one fo far obliged to them for their promotion of
him, that he could do no leſs for them, than aflift them in this grand Confpi-
racy against the King.
11
Daniel Bla-
grave, a re-
cruit for Rea-
ding.
Daniel
Daniel Blagrave, a recruit alfo for Reading in Bark-hire, of a ſmall but com-
petent Fortune, there to have kept him guiltlefs of this great offence.
Daniel Broughton, a Clerk, bred up among Committees in the War, and pre-
ferred therefore at laft to be chief Scribe to this Pharifaical murderous crue of
Broughton, a the High Court of Juftice.
Clerk
H
Edward Dendy, Serjeant at Arms to the faid Court, who had outed his Fa-
Edward Den- ther from the employment of the Mace before: no wonder fuch a Rebel to his
dy, Serjeant Father, fhould prove a parricide to his Prince.
ae Arms.
John Hutchi-
fon fined.
Francis Laf-
fels fixed.
Lord Munfon.
Thefe following being of the Kings Judges, but recanting, were par-
doned, or otherwife mulcted and punished.
Col. John Hutchison, who both Sentenced and Signed to his Majefties Exe-
cution, by a timely repentance (which he publikely teftified by tears) obtain-
ed his pardon, being onely difcharged the Houfe of Commons, and all fu-
ture Trufts, and fined a years profit of his Eftate to the King.
Col. Francis Laffels, a Tork-fhire man, who fate once, but neither Sentenced
nor Signed, was mulcted accordingly as Colonel Hutchifon, having alike given
proof his forrow and deteftation of that monftrous Fact.
William Lord Munson, James Challoner Eſq. deceaſed in the Tower, Sir Hen.
Ja: Challoner Mildmay, Robert Wallop Elq. Sir James Harrington, and John Phelps another
Elq. Sir Hen. of the Clerks, for fitting in the faid pretended High Court of Justice, were by
Mildmay. Ro. Act of Parliament deprived of their Eftates, and ordered to be drawn to Ti-
Wallop Efq. burn in Sledges, with Ropes about their Necks, as Traytors are uſed, and fo
rington and back again to the Tower, there to be imprifoned during their natural
John Phelps, Lives.
their Estates
Forfeited,
Sir Ja: Har-
This is the perfect Catalogue and Character of theſe unfortunate men, who
drawn to Ty-
in obedience to the faid pretended A&, or rather out of dread of Cromwel and
burn, and Im his Red-coats, (though fome others named in the faid Act wilely withdrew
prifoned during themſelves) met according to appointment in Westminster-hall, having adjour-
Life.
ned thither from the Painted-Chamber, where they had chofen Serjeant Brad-
Shaw for their Bold Prefident, and had made Proclamation at the Palace-gate
and in London for the Witneffes (whom they had raked out of the refufe and
moft perdite fort of the People) to be ready there with their evidence; which
Witneffes were numbered to near 40. So much for the preparation, come we
now to the perpetration.
The
!
1648.
02
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The High Court of Justice.
On Saturday, being the twentieth day of January, 1648. Bradshaw Prefi- The High Court
dent of the High Court of Justice, with about feventy of the Members of the of Futice pás
faid Court, having Colonel Fox, and fixteen Fellows with Partizans, and a Jan. 20.
Sword born by Colonel Humphrey, and a Mace by Serjeant Dendy, with their,
and other Officers of the faid Court marching before them, came to the place
ordered to be prepared for their fitting, at the Weft-end of the great Hall in
Weſtminſter, where the Prefident in a Crimſon-Velvet Chair, fixed in the midt 4 crimſon Vel-
of the Court, placed himſelf, having a Desk with a Crimſon-Velvet Cushion be- vet-chair and
fore him. The reft of the Members placing themselves on each fide of him, President.
Cubion for the
upon the feveral feats or benches, prepared and hung with Scarlet for that pur-
pofe; and the Partizans dividing themſelves on each fide of the Court before
them.
ד *
The Court being thus fet, and Silence made, the Great Gate of the faid silence made,
Hall was fet open, to the end that all perfons, (without exception) defirous to the Hall-gate
fee, or hear, might come into it; upon which the Hall was prefently filled, fet open.
and Silence again ordered.
+
He is brought
to the Bar,
Chair of crimsons
Velvet Set for
This done, Colonel Thomlinson, who had the charge of the King, as a Pri- Cal. Thomlin-
foner, was commanded to bring him to the Court; who-within a quarter of fon commanded
an hours (pace brought him, attended with about twenty Officers with Parti- to bring his
priſoner.
zans marching before him; there being Colonel Hacker and other Guard-men,
to whofe care and cuftody he was then committed, marching in his Rear.
Being thus brought up within the face of the Court, the Serjeant at Arms,
with his Mace, received and conducted him ſtreight to the Bar, where a Crim
fon-Velvet Chair was fet for the King. After a ftern looking upon the Court,
and the people in the Galleries on each fide of him, he placed himſelf, not at him.
all moving his Hat, or otherwife fhewing the leaft refpect to the Court; but
preſently rofe up again, and turned about, looking downwards upon the Guards
placed on the left fide, and on the multitude of Spectators on the right fide
of the faid great Hall. After Silence made among the people, the Act of Par- Silence made,
liament for the Trying of Charles Stuart King of England, was read over by the
the A& for the
Tryal of
Clerk of the Court; who fate on one fide of the Table covered with a rich Charles Stu-
Turkey-carpet, and placed at the feet of the faid Prefident; upon which Table arr King of
was also laid the Sword and Mace.
England read.
After reading the faid Act, the feveral names of the Commiflioners were cal- The Names of
led over every one who was prefent, rtling up, and answering to his the commiffio-
call:
$
Bers read.
The King having again placed himſelf in his Chair, with his face towards
the Court, Silence being again ordered, the Preſident ſtood up, and ſạid;
Prefident. Charles Stuart, King of England, The Commons of England Affem- The Prefidens
Speech to the
bled in Parliament,being deeply ſenſible of the Calamities that have been brought up-
King.
on this Nation, (which is fixed upon you as the principal Author of it) have
refolved to make inquifition for Blood, and according to that debt and duty they owe
Fulice, to God, the Kingdom, and themſelves, and according to the Fundamental
Power that rests in themselves, They have refolved to bring you to Tryal and Judge-
ment; and for that purpoſe have conſtituted this High Court of Juſtice, before which
you are brought.
This faid Cook Sollicitor-General of the Commonwealth (ſtanding with- Cook Selici
in a Bar on the right hand of the King) offered to ſpeak; but the King having tor-General
a ftaff in his hand, held it up, and laid it upon the faid Cooks fhoulder two or is forbid by the
offers to speak:
three times, bidding him hold: Nevertheless, the Prefident ordering him to go King.
on, he ſaid:
Cook. My Lord, I am commanded to charge Charles Stuart King of Eng- He proceeds.
land, in the name of the Commons of England, with Treafon and high Mifdemea-
nors; I defire the faid Charge may be read.
E e 2
The
i
204
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Charge
read.
The faid Charge being delivered to the Clerk of the Court, the Prefident
ordered it should be read, but the King bid him hold: Nevertheless, being com
manded by the Prefident to read it, the Clerk begun.
The Charge being read, (which, for its talfhocd and Treaforable impudence,
is purpofly omitted, as impuung to the King the Blood fpilt, by his pre-
fence in feveral Fights ;) The Prefident replyed: sir, you have beard
Kings Answer. Your Charge read, &c. The Court expects your Anfier.
Prefident de-
mands the
King. I would know by what power I am called hither: I was, not long a-
go, in the Ifle of Wight; how I came there, is a longer ftery than I think is fit
at this time for me to fpeak of; but there I entred into a Treaty with both
Houles of Parliament, with as much publike faith as 'tis poflible to be had of
any people in the Wor'd. I Treated there with a number of Honourable
Lords and Gentlemen, and Treated honeftly and uprightly: I cannot fay but
they did very nobly with me; we were upon a conclufion of the Treaty. Now
His Majesty
refufeth to 4n- I would know by what Authority, I mean, lawtul: there are many unlawtul
fwer, and dif. Authorities in the world, Theeves and Robbers by the high ways; but I would
owns the Au know by what Authority I was brought from thence, and carried from place to
thority of the
place, ( and I know not what) and when I know by what lawful Authorny, I
Thall anfwer: Remember I am your King, and what fins you bring upon this
Land. Think well upon it, I fay, think well upon it, before you go further
from one fin to a greater; therefore let me know by what lawful Authority I
am ſeated here, and I ſhall not be unwilling to Anſwer: in the mean time I
fhall not betray my Truft. I have a Truſt committed to me by God, by old
and lawful deſcent, I will not betray it, to Anſwer to a new and unlawful Au-
thority; therefore refolve me that, and you ſhall hear more of me.
Court.
Proves his T-
tle to the
Crown, by fuc-
ceffion, not E-
le Etion.
Is prevented by
the Prefid nts
infolent re-
bikes.
who urgeth for
an Answer.
The King ftill
refufeth, de-
Prefident. If you had been pleased to have obferved what was hinted to you by
the Court at your first coming hither you would have known by what Authority, which
Authority requires you, in the name of the people of England, of which you are E-
lected King, to answer them.
King. No Sir, I deny that.
Prefident. If you acknowledg not the Authority of the Court, they must pro-
ceed.
King. I do tell them fo, England was never an Elective Kingdom, but an
Hereditary Kingdom for neer thefe thousand years; therefore let me know by
what Authority I am called ther. I do ftand more for the Liberty of my
people than any here,that come to be my pretended Judges; «nd therefore let me
know by what lawful Authority I am feated here, and I will Anfwer it, other-
wift I will not Anſwer it.
Prefident. Sir, how really you have managed your Truſt, is known: your way
of Anſwer is to interrogate the Court; which beſeems not you in this condition." You
bave been told of it twice or thrice.
King. Here is a Gentleman (Lieutenant-Colonel Cobbet ) ask him, if he did
no bring me from the Ifle of Wight by force? I do not come here as fubmit-
ting to the Court; I will fland as much for the priviledge of the Houſe of
Commons, rightly understood, as any man here whatsoever. I fee no Houſe of
Lords here that may conſtitute a Parliament, and (the King (00) fhould have
been. Is this the bringing of the King to his Parlament? Is this the bringing
an end to the Treaty in the Publike fauth of the world? Let me foc a legal Au-
thority warranted by the Word of God, the Scriptures, or warranted by the
Contitutions of the Kingdom, and I will Anfwer.
Profident. Sir, You have propounded a Question, and have been Anſwered: fee-
ing yʊu will not Anſwer, the Court will confider how to proceed, in the mean time,
thoſe that brought you hither, are to take charge o you back again.
Ine Court defires to know whether this be all the Anſwer you will give, or
no?
King. Sir, I would defire that you would give me and all the world fatis-
manding their faction in this; let me tell you, it is not a flight thing you are about. I am
Authority.
fworn
A
1
1648.
205
England, Scotland and Ireland.
fworn to keep the Peace by that duty I owe to God and my Country, and I will
do it to the laft breath of my Body; and therefore you fhall do well to faristie
firſt God, and then the Country, by what Authority you do it: if you do it by
an ufurped Authority, that will not last long. There is a God in Heaven that
will call you, and all that give you Power, to an account : fatishie me in that, and
I will Antwer, otherwife I betray my Truft, and the Liberties of the people,
and therefore think of that, and then I fhall be willing. For I do avow, that
it is as great á lin to withſtand lawful Authority, as it is to fubmit to a Tyran-
nical, or any other ways unlawful Authority; and therefore fatisfie God, and
me, and all the World in that, and you ſhall receive my Anſwer: I am not
afraid of the Bill.
Frefident. The Court expects you should give them a final Answer: their purpoſe The President
is to adjourn till Monday next, if you do not fatisfie your felf, though we do tell answers, their
you our Authority, we are fitisfied with our Authority, and it is upon Gods Autho- Authority is
rity and the Kingdoms: and that Peace you ſpeak of, will be kept in the doing of
Justice, and that's our prefent work
King. Let me tell you, if you will fhew me what lawful Authority you have,
I fhall be fatisfied: But what you have hitherto faid, fatisfies no reaſonable
man.
Prefident. That's in your apprehenfions we think it reasonable that are your
Fudges.
King. 'Tis not my apprehenfion, nor yours neither, that ought to de-
cide it.
.
Gods and the
Kingdoms.
Prefident. The Court hath beard you, and you are to be diſpoſed of as they have The Court riſed
commanded.
A
Two things were remarkable in this days proceedings.
It is obferved, That as the Charge was reading against the King, the filver be head of the
head of his flat fell off, the which he wondered at; and feeing none to take Kings ftaff
it up, he ſtoop'd for it himself, and put it in his pocket. The other, that the falls down, be
people as the King went out cried aloud and fhouted God fave the King, while floops and takes
the weaker noiſe of hired and commanded Souldiers cried out Justice
Execution, at Colonel Axtel's Threats and Baltinadoes.
and it up.
Some cry, God
Save the Kings
others, Furice
and Execution,
At the High Court of Justice fitting in Weſtminſter-Hall, Monday, by Axtels di
January 22. 1648.
Upon the Kings coming a fhout was made.
rections.
The Court fits,
Sollicitor. May it pleaſe your Lordship, my Lord Prefident, I did at the laft the Rang comes
Court in the behalf of the Commons of England, exhibit and give into this in, the people
Court a Charge of High Treafon, and other High Crimes, againit the Frifoner hout. Solicitor
moves for the
at the Bar, &c. My humble Motion to this High Court is, That the Prifoner Kings Answer.
be directed to make a poſitive Anſwer, or elſe the Charge may be taken pro
confeſſo, and the Court may proceed according to Juice.
may
Fietident. Sir, You may remember at the laft Court you were told the occafion of
your being brought hither, &c. you were then pleafed to make fume fcruples concer
ning the Authority of this Court, &c. Since that the Court bath taken into confide-
ration what you then faid, they are fully fatufied with their own Authority, and they
bold it fit you ſhould stand fatufied with it too: and they do require it, that you do
give a pofitive and particular Årſwer to this Charge'that is exhibited againſt you :
they do expect you should either confeß or deny it's if you deny it, it is offered in the
behalf of the Nation to be made good against you; their Authority they do avow to
the whole world, that the whole Kingdom are to relt ſatisfied in › and you are to loſe
no more time, but to give a poſitive Anfier thereunto.
King. When I was here fait, 'tis true, I made that Question; and truly if it
Prefident in-
fijts upon it.
were
206
Part 1.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
;
His Majefy
ftill denies the
Authority of
the Court.
were onely my own particular cafe, I would have fatisfied my felf with the
Proteftation I made the latt time I was here againftathe Legality of this Court,
and that a King cannot be tried by any Superiour Jurifdiction on Earth; but
it is not my cafe alone, it is the Freedom and Liberty of the people of Eng-
land, and do you pretend what you will, I ſtand more for their Liberties. For
if Power without Law, may make Laws, may alter the Fundamental Laws of
the Kingdom, I do not know what Subject he is in England, that can be ſure
of his Lite, or any thing that he calls his own; therefore when I came here,
I did expect particular Reaſons, to know by what Law, what Authority you
plead, and of did proceed against me here, and therefore I am a little to feck what to lay to
fers to fhew his you in this particular, becauſe the Affirmative is proved, the Negative often is
· Realons. very hard to do: but fince I cannot perfwade you to do it, I fhall tell you my
Reafons as thort as I can.
:
Refuſeth to
My Reaſons why in Confcience, and the duty I owe to God first, and my peo-
ple next, for the prefervation of their Lives, Liberties and Eftates; I conceive
Here the King I cannot answer this, till I be fatisfied of the legality of it.
would have de-
livered his
Reasons, butwas.
not (ufered.
His Majefty
All proceedings against any man whatſoever
:
Prefident. Sir, 1 must interrupt you; which I would not do, but that what you do
is not agreable to the proceedings of any Court of Justice : you are about to enter into
Argument and Difpute concerning the Authority of this Court, before whom you ap-
pear as a Prifoner, and are Charged as a Delinquents if you take upon you to dif
pute the Authority of the Court, we may not do it, nor will any Court give way un-
to it; you are to fubmit unto it, you are to give in a punctual and direct Answer,
whether you will Answer to your Charge or no, and what your Anſwer is.
King. Sir, by your favour, I do not know the forms of Law, I do know
Law and Reaſon: though I am no Lawyer profeffed, yet I know as much Law
preffe b to them as any Gentleman in England, and therefore (under favour) I do plead for
his Reasons, the Liberties of the people of England more than you do, and therefore if I
ſhould impoſe a belief upon any man without Reaſons given for it, it were un-
reaſonable; but I must tell you, That by that Reafon that I have as thus infor-
med, I cannot yield unto it.
but cannot be
permitted.
He defires to
Demmr.
Prefident. Sir, Imut interrupt you, you may not be permitted: you speak of Lam
and Reaſon, and there is both against you. Sir, the Vote of the Commons of Eng-
land Affembled in Parliament, it is the Reason of the Kingdom, and they are those
two that have given that Law, according to which you ſhould have Ruled and
Keigned. Sir, you are not to difpute our Authority, you are told it again by the
Court. Sir, it will be taken notice of, that you stand in contempt of the Court,
and your contempt will be recorded accordingly.
King. I do not know how a King can be a Delinquent not by any Law
that ever I heard of; all men (Delinquents or what you will) let me tell you,
they may put in Demurrers against any proceedings as legal, and I do demand
that, and demand to be heard with my Reafons; if you deny that, you deny
Reafon.
Prefident. Sir, you have offered fomething to the Court, I shall speak fomething
unto you of the sense of the Court; Sir, neither you nor any man are permitted to dif-
He is over-rn. pute that point, you are concluded, you may not Demur to the Jurifdictor of the
Courts if you do, I must let you know, that they over-rule your Demurrer: they fit here
by the Authority of the Commons of England, and all your Predeceſſors and you are
refponfible to them.
Led by the
Court,
King. I deny that, fhew me one precedent.
Prefident. Sir, you ought not to interrupt while the Court is speaking to you; this
and Interrup- point is not to be debated by you, neither will the Court permit you to do it's if you
offer it by way of Demurrer to the Jurifdiction of the Court, they have confidered
of their Jurifdiction, they do affirm their own Jurifdi&ion.
ted.
King. I fay Sir, by your favour, that the Commons of England was never a
Court of Judicature, I would know how they came to be ſo.
Prefident. Sir, you are not to be permitted to go on in that speech, and theft Dif
courfes.
Tien
1648.
207
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Then the Clerk of the Court read as followeth.
Charles Stuart, King of England, You have been accused on the behalf of the The Clek di
people of England, of High Treafon, and other high Crimes; the Court have deter-
mined, that you ought to Anfwer the fame.
King. I will Anſwer the fame, as foon as I know by what Authority you
do this.
Prefident. If this be all that you will fay, then, Gentlemen, you that brought the The Guards
Priſoner bither, take charge of him back again.
King. I do require that I may give in my Reaſons why I do not Anſwer; and
give me time for that.
Prefident. Sir, 'Tis not for Priſoners to require.
King. Prifoner? Sir, I am not an ordinary Priſoner.
Prelident. The Court hath confidered of their Furifdiction, and they have alrea-
dy affirmed their Jurifdiction: if you will not Anfier, we shall give order to Record
your default.
King. You never heard my Reaſons yet.
Prefident. Sir, your Reasons are not to be heard against the highest Jurifdi-
Єtion.
King. Shew me that Jurifdiction, where Reafon is not to be heard.
Pretident. Sir, we fhew it you here, the Commons of England: and the next
time you are brought, you will know more the pleasure of the Court, and it may be,
their final determination.
King. Shew me wherever the Houſe of Commons was a Court of Judicature
of that kind.
Prefident. Serjeant, take away the Prifoner.
King. Well Sir, remember that the King is not fuffered to give his Reaſons
for the Liberty and Freedom of all his Subjects.
Prefident. Sir, you are not to have liberty to use this Language; how great a
friend you have been to the Laws and Liberties of the people, let all England and
the World Judge.
King. Sir, under favour, it was the Liberty, Freedom and Laws of the Sub-
ject that ever I took defended iny felf with Arms: I never took up Arms
against the people, but for my people and the Laws.
Prefident. The command of the Court must be obeyed; no answer will be given to
the Charge.
King. Well Sir.
charged to take
away their Pri.
foxer.
Then the Prefident ordered the default to be recorded, and the contempt The court order
of the Court, and that no Anſwer would be given to the Charge.
the default and
And fo the King was guarded forth to Sir Robert Cotton's houſe.
contempt to be
Then the Court adjourned to the Painted-chamber on Tueſday at twelve a Recorded.
clock, and from thence they adjourned again to Westminster-ball, at which
time all perfons concerned were to give their attendance.
At the High Court of Justice fitting in Weſtminſter-hall,
Tueſday,
January 23. 1648.
O yes
made. Silence commanded, The Court called, feventy three perfons
The King guar-
ded to Sir Ro.
Cottons.
The Court ad-
journs.
The Court fits
again.
prefent.
The King came in with his Guard, looking with an auftere countenance up- The King comes:
on the Court, and fate down.
..
Cook, Sollicitor General. May it pleaſe your Lordſhip, my Lord Prefideat,
This is now the third time, that by the great grace and favour of this high
Court, the Priſoner hath been brought to the Bar, before any Iffue joyned in the
Caufe. My Lord, I did at the firit Court Exhibit a Charge against hum, &c.---
My
J
208
Part J.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
The Sollicitor
moves the
Court for
Fudgement.
The Preſidents
Speech in behalf
of the Court,
My Lord,after this great delay of Juftice,I fhall now humbly move your Lord-
ſhip for speedy Judgment againtt him. My Lord, I might prefs your Lordship
upon the whole, according to the known Rules of the Law of the Land, That
if a Prifoner fhall ftand as contumacious in contempt, and fhall not put in an
Iffuable Plea, Guilty or not Guilty of the Charge given against him, whereby
he may come to a fair Tryal; that as by au implicite Confeffion, it may be
taken pro confeſſo, as it hath been done to thoſe who have deferved more favour
than the Prifoner at the Bar has done : but befides, my Lord, I fhali humbly.
preſs your Lordſhip upon the whole Fact. The House of Commons, the fu-
preme Authority and Jurifdiction of the Kingdom, they have Declared, that it
is notorious, that the matter of the Charge is true, as it is in truth (my Lord)
as clear as Cryftal, and as the Sun that fhines at Noon-day; which if your Lord-
thip and the Court be not fatistied in, I have notwithftanding, on the People
of Englands behalf, feveral Witneffes to produce: And therefore I do hun-
bly pray, and yet I must confefs it is not fo much I, as the Innocent Blood
that hath been ſhed, the cry whereof is very great for Juftice and Judgement;
and therefore I do humbly pray, that ſpeedy Judgement be pronounced againſt
the prifoner at the Bar.
་
Prefident. Sir, you have heard what is moved by the Counsel on the b. half of the
Kingdom against you. Sir, you may well remember, and if you do not. the Court
cannot forget, nhat Dilatory dealings the Court bath found at your hands. You
were told, that it was not for you, nor any other man, to dispute the Jurifdiction of
the Supreme and higheft Authority of England, from which there is no appeal,
and touching which there must be no dispute, yet you did perfit in fuch carriage, as
you gave no manner of obedience, nor did you acknowledge any Authority in them,
nor the High Court that conftituted this Court of Juftice.
Sir, 1 muſt let you know from the Court, that they are very fenfible of theſe delays
of yours, and that they ought not, being thus Authorized by the Supreme Court of
England, to be thus trifled withal; and that they might in Justice, if they pleaſed,
and according to the Rules of Justice, take advantage of the delays, and proceed to
pronounce Judgement against you; yet nevertheless they are pleased to give direction,
and on their benalfs I do require you, that you make a pofitive Anfrer unto this
Charge that is against you. Sir, in plain terms, for Justice knows no respect of per-
be demands a fons, you are to give your pofitive and final Answer in plain English, whether you be
pofitive an/wer Guilty or not Guilty of these Treafons laid to your charge.
from the King.
His Majefty de-
fires to speak
for the Liberties
of the people:
but is not per-
mitted till he
gives bis An-
wer to Guilty
or not Guilty.
The King after a little pauſe, ſaid,
When I was here yefterday, I did defire to ſpeak for the Liberties of the people
of England, I was interrupted: I defire to know yet whether I may speak free-
ly or not.
Frelident. Sir, you have heard the refolution of the Court upon the like Question
the last day, and you were told, that having fuch a Charge of fo high a Nature a-
gainst you, and your Work was, that you ought to acknowledge the Jurifdiction of the
Court, And to Anſwer to your Charge. Sir, if you Answer to your Charge,
which the Court gives you leave now to do, though they might have taken the advan-
tage of your contempt, yet if you be able to Answer to your Charge, when you have
once Answered, you shall be heard at large; make the best Defence you can.
Sir, I must let you know from the Court, as their commands, that you are not to be
permitted to iffue out into other diſcourſes, till ſuch time as you have given a pofitive
Answer concerning the Matter that is Charged upon you.
But
King. For the Charge, I value it not a Rufh, it is the Liberty of the People of
England that I ftand for; for me to acknowledge a new Court, that I never
heard of before, I that am your King, that ſhould be an example to all the peo-
ple of England, to uphold Juftice, to maintain the old Laws; indeed I do not
know how to do it: you fpoke very well the firft day that I came here, (on
Saturday) of the Obligations that I had laid upon me by God, to the main-
tenance of the Liberties of my people. The fame Obligation you fpake of, I do
acknowledge to God that I owe to Him, and to my people, to defend, as much
as
1
J
1648.
209
England, Scotland and Ireland.
:
as in me lies, the antient Laws of the Kingdom; therefore until I may know He refufeth to
that this is not against the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom, by your favour, give any parti
I can put in no particular Anſwer: If you will give me time, I will then ſhew
you my Reaſons why I cannot do it, and this
Here being interrupted, he said,
10
Cular Anſwer,
deficer
Shem his Rea.
(ors.
again,
By your favour, you ought not to interrupt me: how I came here, I know is interrupted,
not, there's no Law for it, to make your King your Prifoner: I was lately in
a Treaty upon the publike Faith of the Kingdom, that was the known
the two Houſes of Parliament, that was the Reprefentative of the Kingdom;
and when that I had almoft made an end of the Treaty, then I was hurried a-
way and brought hither, and therefore
Here the Prefident interrupted bim, and faid, Sir, you must know the pleaſure and again.
of the Court.
King. By your favout Sir,
Prefident. Nay Sir, by your favour, you may not be permitted to fall into theſe
difcourfes you appear as a Delinquent, you have not acknowledged the Authority
of the Court the Court craves it not of you, and once more they command you to
give your pofitive Anſwer Cleik, do your Duty.
King. Duty Sir!
The Clerk reads.
Charles Stuart, King of England, you are accufed in the behalf of the Commons
of England, of divers high Crimes and Treaſons ; which Charge hath been read
unto you's the Court now requires you to give your pofitive and final Answer, by
way of confeffion or denial of the Charge.
The Clerk reads
King. Sir, I ſay again to you, So that I might give fatisfaction to the peo-
ple of England of the clearness of my proceedings, not by way of Anfwer, His Majeſty ju
not in this way, but to fatisfie them that I have done nothing againſt that Truft ftifies his pro-
that hath been committed to me, I would do it; but to acknowledge a new ceedings, and
Court against their Priviledges; to alter the Fundamental Laws of the King-refuleth to Az-
dom; Sir, you muft excufe me..
Prefident. Sir, this is the third time that you have publikely disowned the Court,
and put an affront upon it; bow far you have preferv'd be Priviledges of the Peo-
ple, your Actions have spoke it; but truly Sir, mens intentions ought to be known by
their Actions: you have written your meaning in bloody Characters throughout the
whole Kingdom: but Sir, you underſtand the pleasure of the Court.
cord the default, and Gentlemer, you that took chrge of the Priſoner, take
bim back again.
Clerk, Re-
(wer to the
Charge.
The Guards or-
dered to take
charge of their
King. I will onely ſay this one word to you, If it were onely my own parti- Prijoner.
cular, I would not fay any more, nor interrupt you.
Prefident. Sir, you have heard the pleasure of the Court, and you are ( not-
withstanding you will not understand it) to finde that you are before a Court of
Justice.
i
Then the King went forth with his Guard, and Proclamation was made, that The King goes
all perfons who had then appeared, and had further to do at the Court, might forth, and the
depart into the Painted-Chamber, to which place the Court did forthwith ad- Court adjourns.
journ, and intended to meet in Westminster-ball by ten of the Clock the next.
morning.
Cryer. God bleß the Kingdom of England.
F f
His
210
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
J
1
Reafons a
His Majefties His Majefties Reafons against the pretended Jurifdiction of the High
Court of Justice, which he intended to have, delivered in writing
on Monday, January 22. 1648. But was not permitted.
gainst the FH-
rifdi&ion of
the Court.
which he int.n-
Court, but waS
bindered.
1
ded to ſpeak in Aving already made my Proteftations, not onely againſt the
illegality of this pretended Court, but alfo that no earthly
Power can juſtly call Me (who am your King) in queſtion as a
Delinquent; I would not any more open my Mouth upon this oc-
cafion, more than to refer my ſelf to what I have ſpoken, were I
in this cafe alone concerned. But the duty I owe to God in the
preſervation of the true Liberty of my People, will not ſuffer me
at this time to be filent: For, how can any free-born Subject of
England call life, or any thing he poffeffeth, his own, if Power
without Right may daily make new, and abrogate the old Funda-
mental Law of the Land? which I now take to be the preſent caſe.
VVherefore when I came hither, I expected that you would have
endeavoured to have fatisfied me concerning theſe grounds which
hinder me to anſwer to your pretended Impeachment; but fince I
fee that nothing I can fay will move you to it (though Negatives
are not fo naturally proved as Affirmatives), yet I will fhew you the
Reasons why I am confident you cannot Judge me, nor indeed the
nieaneſt man in England: for I will not (like you) without fhew-
ing a Reaſon, ſeek to impoſe a belief upon my Subjects.
No proceeding
juft, but what
is warranted
of God ir man.
by the Laws
There is no proceeding just against any man, but what is warrant-
ed either by Gods Laws, or the Municipal Laws of the Country
where he lives. Now I am most confident, this days proceeding can-
not be warranted by Gods Law; for on the contrary, the Authority
of obedience unto Kings is clealy warranted, and strictly comman-
ded both in the Old and New Teftaments; which if denied, I am rea-
dy inftantly to Prove: "and for the Question now in hand, there it is
faid, That where the word of a King is, there is Power; and who
may fay unto him, What doeſt thou? Ecclef. 8. 4. Then for the
Law of this Land, I am no less confident that no learned Lawyer
No Impeachment will affirm that an Impeachment can lie against the King, they all
car lie again't going in His Name and one of their Maximes is, That the King can
do no wrong. Besides, the Law upon which you ground your procee-
dings, muft either be old or New if old, fhew it; if New, tell what
endamental Laps of Ne
Authority warranted by the Fundamental Laws of the Land hath
made it, and when But how the House of Commons can ered a
Court of Judicature, which was never one it felf, (as is well known
to all Lawyers) I leave to God and the world to Judge: And it
were full as strange that they should pretend to make Laws without
King or Lords House, to any that have heard ſpeak of the Laws of
England.
the King.
The House of
Commons can-
not erect a
Court of 740.
And admitting, but not granting, that the People of Englands
Commiffion could grant your pretended Power; Ifee nothing you can
fhew for that: for certainly you never asked the question of the tenth
man
&
1648.
211
England, Scotland and Ireland.
or are the
Commis-
Members of this
plusfe
by the
People of Eng-
Piolated.
man in the Kingdom: and in this way you manifeftly wrong even
the poorest Plow-man, if you demand not his free confent; nor can
you pretend any colour for this your pretended Commiffion without
the Confent at least of the major part of every man in England,
of whatsoever quality or Condition, which I am fure you never went
about to ſeeks ſo far are you from having it. Thus you fee that I land.
Speak not for my own right alone as I am your King, but also for
the true Liberty of all my Subjects; which confifts not in the power
of Government, but in living under fuch laws, fuch a Govern-
ment, as may give themselves the best affurance of their lives, and
propriety of their goods. Nor in this must or do I forget the Pri- The Priviledges
viledges of both Houses of Parliament, which this days proceedings of Parliament
do not onely violate, but likewife occafion the greatest breach of their
publike Faith, that I believe ever was heard of; with which I am
far from charging the two Houſes for all the pretended Crimes laid
againſt me, bear date long before this late Treaty at Newport, in
which I having concluded, as much as in me lay, and hopefully ex-
peding the Houfes agreement thereunto, Iwas fuddenly furpriz'd,
and hurried from thence as a Priſoner, upon which account I am a-
gainſt my will brought hither; where fince I am come, I cannot but
to my power, defend the antient Laws and Liberties of this King-
nom, together with my own just Rights. Then for any thing I can
fee, the Higher Houfe is totally excluded; and for the House of Com- Tee bigber
mons, it is too well known that the major part of them are detained House excluded,
or deterred from fitting; so as if I'had no other, this were fufficient and the major
Reaſon for me to protest against the Lawfulnes of your pretended lower atterred
Court. Besides all this, the Peace of the Kingdom is not the least of from fitting.
My thoughts: and what hopes of 'Settlement is there, fo long as Pow-
er reigns without Rule or Law, changing the whole frame of that Go- The frame of
vernment, under which this Kingdom bath flouriſhed for many hun- Government
years? (nor will I fay what will fall out, in cafe this lawless
unjust Proceedings against me do go on.) And believe it, the Com-
mons of England will not thank you for this Change, for they will
remember how happy they have been of late years, ander the reign of
Queen Elizabeth, the King my Father, and my Self, until the be-
ginning of theſe unhappy Troubles; and will have cauſe to doubt
that they shall never be fo happy under any new. And by this time
it will be too fenfibly evident, that the Arms I took up, were onely
to defend the Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom, against thofe
who have fuppofed my Power bath totally changed the antient Govern-
dred
ment.
Thus having fhewed you briefly the Reasons why I cannot fubmit
to your pretended Authority, without violating the Trust which I
have from God, for the Welfare and Liberty of my People: I expect
from you either clear Reasons to convince my Judgement, Shewing
me that I am in an Error (and then truly I will Answer) or that
you will withdraw your proceedings.
This the King intended to speak in Weſtminſter-hall on Monday, Jan. 22. but
against Reafon was bindred.
part of the
charged.
Ff2
The
212
Part I.
A Chzonicle of the Civil Wars of
a
The Court fits. The Proceedings of the High Court of Justice fitting at Weltmin-
fter-hall, on Saturday the 27 of January, 1648.
Silence com-
manded.
The King
comes, the foul-
diers cry for
Justice.
His Majefty de-
fires to be
beard.
1
O yes made. Silence commanded. The Court called, Scrjeant Bradshaw Pre-
fident, in his Scarlet-Robe (futable to the work of this day) with fixty
eight other Members of the Court called. As the King came into the Court,
in his uſual poſture, with his Hat on, a cry made in the Hall by fome of the
Souldiers for Justice, Justice, and Execution.
King. I fhall defire a word to be heard a little, and I hope I shall give no
occafion of interruption.
Prefident. You may Answer in your time, bear the Court first.
King. If it pleaſe you Sir, I delire to be heard, and I fhall not give any occa-
fion of interruption, and it is onely in a word: A fudden judgment
but not permit Prefident. You shall be heard in due time, but you are to hear the Court first.
ted.
King. Sir, I defire it; it will be in order to what I believe the Court will
fay; and therefore Sir, a hafty Jndgement is not fo foon re-called.
1
Prefident. Sir, you shall be heard before the Judgement be given, and in the
mean time you may forbear.
King. Well Sir, fhall I be heard before the Judgement given?
1
Prefident. Gentlemen, it is well known to all or most of you here prefent, İbat
the Prifoner at the Bar bath been feveral times convented, and brought before the
Court, to make Anſwer to a charge of Treaſon and other bigh Crimes exhibited
gainst him, in the name of the People of England; to which Charge, being re-
quired to Answer he hath been so far from obeying the commands of the Court, by ſub-
mitting to their Juſtice, as he began to take upon him to offer Reasoning and debate
unto the Authority of the Court, and of the highest Court that conftituted them to
try and judge him; but being over-ruled in that, and required to make his Anſwer,
he was still pleaſed to continue contumacious, and to refuse to fubmit or Answer, &c.
But Sir, if you have any thing to fuy in defence of your felf. concerning the matter
charged, the Court bath given me command to let you know they will hear you.
J
ง
King. Since I fee you will not hear any thing of debate concerning that
which I confess I thought moft material for the Peace of the Kingdom, and
for the Liberty of the Subject, Ifhall wave it, I fhall fpeak nothing to its but
onely I must tell you, that this many a day all things have been taken away
from me, but that that I call more dear to me than my life, which is My Con-
Science and my Honour, and if I had refpect to my life more than the Peace of the
Kingdoms and the Liberty of the Subject,certainly I thould have made a particular
defence for my felf, for by that at leaft-wife I might have delayed an ugly Sen-
tence, which. I believe will pass upon me: therefore certainly Sir, as a man that
hath fome understanding, fome knowledge of the world, if that my Zeal to
my Country had not over-born the care that I have of my own prefervation,
I fhould have gone another way to work than that I have done. Now Sir, I cor-
ceive that an hafty Sentence once palt, may be fconer repented than recalled s
and truely the felf-fame defire that I have for the Peace of the Kingdom, and the
Liberty of the Subject, more than my own particular, does make me now at´lalt
defire, that having fomething to lay that concerns both, I defire before Sen-
tence be given, that I may be heard in the Painted Chamber before the Lords
and Commons: this delay cannot be prejudicial to you, whatsoever I fay; if
no Reaſon, thofe that hear me muft be Judges; if it be Reafen, and real for
the Welfare of the Kingdom, and the Liberty of the Subject, I am sure on it, it
is very well worth the hearing; therefore I do conjure you, as you love that
you pretend, I hope it is real, the Liberty of the Subject, the Peace of the King-
dom, that you will grant me the hearing, before any Sentèncè be paffed: Ione-
ly defire you will take this into your confideration; it may be you have not
heard of it beforehand, if you will, I'le retire, and you may think of it: but
if
1648.
213
England, Scotland and Ireland.
4
if I cannot get this Liberty, I do here proteft, that fo fair fhews of Liberty
and Peace are pure fhews, and not otherwiſe, and that you will not hear your
KING.
VA
Prefident. Sir, you have now spoken?
King. Yes Sir.
Prefident. And this that you have faid is a further declining of the Jurifdiction
of this Court, which was the thing wherein you were limited before.
King. Pray excufe me Sir, for my interruption, becauſe you miftake me, it
is not a declining of it, you do Judge me before you hear me fpeak; I fay ic
will not, I do not decline it, though I cannot acknowledge the Jurifdiction of
the Court; yet Sir, in this give me leave to fay, I would do it though I did
not acknowledge it in this: I do proteft it is not the declining of it, fince I
fay, if that I do fay any thing but that that is for the Peace of the Kingdom and
the Liberty of the Subject, then the fhame is mine. Now I'defire that you will
take this into your confideration, if you will I'll withdraw.
}
Prefident. Sir, this is not altogether n w that you have moved unto us、 not il-
together new to us, though the first time in perſon you have offered it to the Cours :
Sir, you say you do not Decline the Jurisdiction of the Court?
.
King. Not in this that I have faid.
Prefident. I underſtand you well Sir: That which you now tender, is to bare a-
nother Furiſdiction, and a co-ordinate Jurifdiction. I know very well you expreß
your felf, Sir, that notwithstanding what you will offer to the Lords and Commons
in the Painted Chamber, you would nevertheless praceed on here. Sir, because you
Shall know the further pleasure of the Court upon that which you have moved, the
Court will withdraw for a time.
King. Shall I withdraw?
Prefident. Sir, you ſhall know the pleaſure of the Court prefently. The Court
withdrew for half an hour into the Court of Wards.
The Court with-
Then the Court commanded the Serjeant at Arms to withdraw the King, drams.
and to expect order for his return again.
Serejant at
Arms with-
The Court withdrew for half an hour, and returned (this withdrawing draws the
was occafioned by the importunacy and diſturbance of Colonel Downs, who King.
fate next to Cromwel; but Downs was quickly quieted, being awed by Crombe Court re-
wel during this ſhort ſtay.)
Prefident. Serjeant at Arms, fend for your Priſoner.
#
turns,
Court:
heard, dnd ag-
eth the Curt
againt a bajty
gerent.
Sir, their withdrawing and adjournment was pro forma tantum; for it did not
feem to them that there was any difficulty in the things the Court is now refolved to refolving to
proceed.
proceed.
King. Sir, I know it is in vain for me to difpute, I am no Sceptick for to The King
deny the power that you have, I know that you have power enough: Sir, I brought into the
confefs I think it would have been for the Kingdoms Peace,if you would have take urgeth to be
ken the pains to have ſhown the lawfulness of your power. For this delay that
I have defired, Lonfefs it is a delay, but very important for the Peace of the
Kingdom for it is not my perfon that I look on alone, it is the Kingdoms
welfare, and the Kingdoms Peace: it is an old fentence, That we ſhould think.
on long before we have refolved of great matters fuddenly, Therefore Sir, I do
fay again, that I do put at your doors all the inconveniency of an halty Sen-
tence. I confess I have been here now I think this week; this day eight days
was the day I came here firft; but a little delay of a day or two further, may
give peace, whereas an Hefty Judgement may bring on that trouble and perpe-
tual inconveniency to the Kingdom, that the Child that is unborn may repent
it; and therefore again, out of the Duty I owe to God, and to my Country,
I do defire that I may be heard by the Lords and Commons in the Painted-
Chamber, or any other Chamber that you will appoint me.
á
Preſident. The Court will proceed.
King. I lay this Sir, That if you will hear me, I doubt not but I fhall give
fome fatisfaction to you all here, and to my people after that and therefore I
do
214
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
5
The Presidents
Speech in de-
fence of the
Courts procee
dings.
His Majefly is
interrupted.
do require you, as you will anſwer it at the dreadful day of Judgement, that
you will confider it once again.
Prefident. Sir, I have received direction from the Court.
King. Well Sir.
Prefident. If this must be re-enforc'd, or any thing of this nature, your Answer
must be the fame, and they will proceed to Sentence if you have nothing more to
Say.
King. I have nothing more to ſay; but I ſhall de fire that this may be entréd
what I have faid.
Prefident. The Court then Sir hath ſomething to fay you, which although I
know it will be very unacceptable, yet notwithstanding they are willing, and are
refolved to difcharge their Duty. [and fo proceeded by way of frory, how
other Nations in all times had taken the fame courfe with their Kings and Prin-
ces, depoſing and executing of them, eſpecially, and more frequently in the
Kings Native Realm of Scotland; mif-citing, and wrefting, and abuling the
truth of Hiftory, to varnish the Rhapsody and Treafon of this lying Harangue :
of all which, one moft remarkable paragraph, as noted by the King himself
with an admiration, is here inferted.
Sir, That that we are now upon by the command of the higheſt Court, bath
been and is to Try and Judge you for thofe great offences of yours. Sir, the Charge
bath called you Tyrant, a Traytor, a Murtherer, and a publike Enemy to the
Commonwealth of England. Sir,it had been well,if any of all these terms right-
ly and justly might have been ſpared, if any one of them at all.
King. Ha!
Prefident. To do Justice Impartially, and even upon You, is all our Refolu-
tions. Sir, Iſay for your felf, we do heartily wiſh and defire, that God would be
pleaſed to give you a ſenſe of your fins, that you would fie wherein you have done
amiß, that you may cry unto him, that God would deliver you from Blood guiltineß.
Agood King was once guilty of that particular thing, and was clear otherwiſe, ſa-
ving in the matter of Uriah. Truly Sir, the story tells us, that he was a repentant
King, and it fignifies enough that he had died for it, but that God was pleaſed to
accept of him, and to give him his pardon. Thou shalt not dye, but the Child
ſhall dye'; thou haft given cauſe to the enemies of God to blafpheme.
King. I would defire onely one word before you give Sentence, and that is ;
That you would hear me concerning thoſe great Imputations that you have
laid to my charge.
}
Prefident. Sir, You must give me leave to go on, for I am not far from your
tence, and your time is now paſt.
Sen-
King. But I fhall defire you will hear me a few words to you for truly,
what ever Sentence you will put upon me, in refpect of thofe heavy Imputa-
tions I fee by your fpeech you have put upon me, that I Sir, it is very true
that
-
Preſident. Sir, 1 muſt put you in minde ; truly Sir, I would not willingly at
this time effecially interrupt you in any thing you have to ſay, that is proper for us
to admit of; but Sir, you have not owned us as a Court, and you look upon us as a
fort of people met together; and we know what Language we receive from your
party.
King. I know nothing of that.
}
Prefident. You dif-avow us as a Court, and therefore for you to address your felf
to us, and not to acknowledge us as a Court to judge of what you fay, it is not to
be permitted: and the truth is, all along from the first time, you were pleafed to
dif-avow and diforon us, the Court needed not to have heard you one words for un-
less they be acknowledged a Court, and engaged, it is not proper for you to speak :
Sir, we have given you too much liberty already, and admitted of too much de-
`lay, &c.
<
1
The Prefident commands the Sentence to be read.
mand Silence while the Sentence is read.
Make an O Yes, and com-
ایگان
:
!
1648.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
O Yes mide, Silence commanded.
The Clerk read the Sentence, which was drawn up in Parchment.
F
Whereas the Commons' of England in Parliament, buvę appointed them an high
Court of Justice, for the Trying of Charles Stuart King of England; before whʊm
be had been three times convented, and at first time a Charge of high Treaſon
and other Crimes and Misdemeanours was read in the behalf of the Kingdom of
England, &c.
Here the Clerk read the Charge.
215
Silence com.
wind:d,
the Sentence
read.
The cb arge
read.
Which Charge being read unto him as aforesaid, He the faid Charles Stuart ad
was required to give his Anfica, but he refused fo to do. [exprefling the feve-
ral paffages of his refufing in the former proceedings. ]
For all which Treifons and Crimes, this Court doth adjudge, that He the faid
Charles Stuart, as a Tyrant, Traytor, Martherer, and a publike Enemy, shall be
put to Death by fevering his Head from his Body, Jan.27.1648. Which being read,
Bradfbar added
This Sentence now read and publifhed, it is the Aft,
Sentence, Judgement, and Refolution of the whole Court.
red to give his
Anwer,
be refujib.
To which they all expreffed their affent by ftanding up, as was before a-
greed and ordered. And then the King (not being admitted to reply) was ta-
Ken by his Guards and carried to Sir Robert Cottons: the Souldiers as he paffed The King guar-
down the Staires, fcoffing at him, and cafting the fmoak of their Tobacco (a ded away.
thing odious to him ) in his Face, and ftrewing the Pipes in his way. And He is abfed by
one more infolent than the reft Spitting in his Face, which his Majetty accor- the Soulaiers,
ding to his wonted Heroick Patience, took no more notice of, than to wipe it
away. As he paffed along further, hearing the fame wretches crying out Ju-
ftice, Execution; He faid
Alaß poor Jouls, for a piece of money they would
do ſo for their "Commanders.
Being brought thus to Sir Robert Cottons, a houſe neer adjoyning, and thence
by water to White-ball, the Souldiers (at their Commanders inftigation, who
were fet on likewife by Cromwel continued their brutith carriage toward
him, abuſing all that feemed to fhew any refpect or even compaflion to him,
not fuffering him to reft in his Chamber, but thruſting in, and (masking their
Tobacco,and difturbing his privacy. But through all thefe Trials (unufual to disturbed in his
Princes) he paffed with fuch a calm and even temper, that he let nothing fall Devotions.
unbefceming his former Majefty and Magnanimity. In the Evening, a Mem- His admirable
ber of the Army acquainted the Committee with his Majefties defire, that fee- patience
ing they had paffed a Sentence of Death upon him, and his time might be nigh, He defires to fee
he might fee his Children,and Doctor Juxon Bishop of London might be adtit- bis children
ted to affift him in his private Devotions, and receiving the Sacrament. Both and Doctor
Juxon.
which at length were granted.
At this time did fome of the Grandees of the Army tempt the King with The King tempt
new Propofals; but fo deftructive to the peoples Liberty and Safety, fo contrary ed with new
to his Honour and Confcience, and fo reproachful to any Chriftian Govern- Popo als from
ment,that he with the like courage and conftancy which he had thewed through-Jome Grandees
of the Army,
out his Troubles, rejected, and chofe the Crofs; to prepare him whereto, the
Lord Biſhop of London on Sunday (being that day guarded at Saint James's) B. Juxon
preached before him on thefe words
In the day when God fhall judge the preacheth before.
bim at Saint
fecrets of all men by Jefus Christ, according to my Gafpel.
James's.
On Monday following, the day before his death, the Duke of Gloucester and His Maj.giveth
the Lacy Elizabeth were brought to him, whom he moſt joyfully received, bis Bleſſing to
and: giving his Blefling to the Princefs, He bad her remember to tell her Brother the Dik:
Jimes, when ever she should fee him, That it was his Fathers lat defire, that be and the Lady
should look na more upon Charles as his eldeſt Brother onely, but be obedient unto Elizabeth.
him as bis Sovereign: And that they should love one another, and forgive their His pious ad-
Fathers vice to them.
Gloucester,
'
&
216
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
5
·
Fathers Enemies. And then faid unto her, Sweet-heart, you will forget this. No,
faid fhe, Ishall never forget it while I live. And pouring forth abundance of
Tears, promifed him to write down the particulars.
Then the King taking the Duke of Gloucester upon his Knee, faid, Sweet bedrt,
now they will Cut off thy Fathers Head. (upon which words the Child looked
very withfully on him.) Mark Child what Ifay; They will Cut off my Head,
and perhaps make thee a King: But mark what I say, you must not be a King, fo
long as your Brothers Charles and James do live; for they will Cut off your Bro-
thers Heads (when they can catch them) and Cut thy Head off too at last: and
therefore, Lcharge you do not be made a King by them. At which the Child
The Duke of
fighing, faid, I will be torn in pieces firft. Which falling fo unexpectedly
Gloucester's from one ſo young, it made the King rejoyce exceedingly.
reply.
bir.
He adviſeth
་
Another Relation from the Lady Elizabeths
own Hand.
}
What_the King ſaid to me 29 of January last, being the last time I had the hap=
The Lady Eli-
zabeths Reia- pineß to ſee him: He told me he was glad I was come, and although he had not time
tion of what to say much, yet somewhat he had to say to me, which be had not to another, or
paffed between leave in writing, becauſe be feared their Crueltie was fuch, as that they would not
his Majesty and
have permitted him to write to me. He wished me not to grieve and tormont my felf for
him; for that would be a glorious Death that he should die, it being for the Laws
and Liberties of the Land. He bid me read Bishop Andrews Sermons, Hookers
Ecclefiaftical Policy, and Bishop Laud's Book againſt Fiſher, which would ground
me against Poperie. He told me, he had forgiven all his Enemies, and hoped God
would forgive them alfo and commanded us, &c. to forgive them. He bid me tell
my Mother, that his thoughts had never strayed from ber, and that his Love would be
the fame to bis last. Withal, be commanded me and my Brother to be obedient
to her.
And bid me fend his Bleſſing to the rest of my Brothers and diſters, with
commendation to all bis Friends. So after he had given me his Bleffing, I took my
her to read Bp.
Andrew's Ser-
mons, Hookers
Policy, and Bp.
Laud against
Fifher.
A Committee
appointed to
confider of the
time and place
for Execution.
leave!
Further, he commanded us all to forgive thoſe People, but never to truſt them,
for they had been moſt falſe to him, and to those that gave them power, and be fear-
ed alfo to their own Souls. And defired me not to grieve for him, for he ſhould die
a Martyr, and that he doubted not but that the Lord would fettle his Throne upon
his Son, and that we ſhould all be happier than we could have expected to have
been if he had lived. With many other things, which at prefent I cannot Re-
member.
The fame day the Regicides met (being fixty four in number) at the Pain-
ted-Chamber, in purſuance of their Bloody Sentence, and appointed Sir Hardreß
Waller, Harrison, Ireton, Dean, and Okey, to be a Committee to confider of the
Time and Price for the Execution, who having made a report, fourty eight of
the Commiffioners meeting again the fame day, made this Refolve.
Upon Report made for confidering of the Time and Place of the Executing of
the Judgement against the King: that the faid Committee have Refolved, that the
They agree upon open ſtreet before White-hall is a fit place; and that the faid Committee conceive it
the open street fit, that the King be there Executed to Morrow, the King having already notice
before White thereof.
hall the mor-
row following.
The Court approved thereof, and ordered a Warrant to be drawn for that
purpoſe; which Warrant was accordingly drawn and agreed unto, and or-
dered to be ingroffed: which was done, and Signed and Sealed according
ly, as followeth
}
At
1648.
อ
1
217
England, Scotland and Ireland.
{
At the High Court of Justice for Trying and Judging of Charles Stu-
art King of England, January 29. 1648.
Whereas Charles Stuart King of England, is and standeth Convicted, Attainted, the warrant for
and Condemned of high Treafin, and other high Crimes; and Sentence upon Sa- the Kings Ex-
turday last was pronounced against him by this Court, to be put to death, by fevering ecution.
bis Head from his Body; of which Sentence Execution yet remains to be die: Thefe
are therefore to will and require you, to ſee the ſaid Sentence Executed in the
open
street before White-hall, upon the morrow, being the 30 day of this instant Month
of January, between the hours of ten in the Morning, and five of the afternoon of
the same day, with full effect: And for your fo doing, this ſhall be your ſufficient
Warrart. And thefe are to require all Officers and Souldiers, and other the good Signed by Joh.
People of this Nation of England, to be affisting unto you in this Service.
To Col. Francis Hacker,
Colonel Huncks, and
Lieutenant Colonel Phray,
and every of them.
Bradaw
Tho Gray,
Ol. Cromwel
Given under our hands and Scals, &c. Directed ta
John Bradshaw,
Thomas Gray,
Col. Fr. Hac-
ker, Colon:l
Hunks, and
Lien. Colone!
Oliver Cromwel, &c. Phray.
But to amule the people, for prevention of a refcue, they caufed it to be ru-
moured as if they would refpit the King, and better confider of fo weighty
and important a buſineſs, when the next day diſcovered their villany.
For Tueſday the 30 of January (the Fatal day) being come, the Comif-
fioners met, and ordered four or five of their Minifters to attend upon the King Factions Mi-
at Saint James's, where they yet kept him; but his Majefty well knowing nilters appoin-
what miferable comforters they were like to prove, refuſed to have conference ted to attend
with them.
the King, be
refuleth to con-
fer with them.
That Morning, before his Majefty was brought thence, the Biſhop of Lʊn-
don did again Officiate, and read Divine Service in his prefence; to which Du-
ty, the 27 Chapter of Saint Matthew, being the Hiftory of our Saviours Paffion,
was appointed by the Church-Calendar for the ſecond Leffon. The King fup-
pofing it to have been ſelected on purpoſe, thanked him afterwards for his fea-
fönable choice. But the Bishop modeftly declining thoſe undue thanks, told
Bp. of London
him that it came by courfe to be read on that day; which very much comfor- readeth prayers
ted his Majefty, who proceeded to the remaining duties of receiving from the to him, and
Biſhop the Holy Sacrament, and the other preparations for his approaching adminiſters the
paffion.
Sacrament.
White-hall.
His Devotions being ended, about ten a clock his Majefty was brought from
Saint James's to White-ball by a Regiment of Foot, with Colours flying, and The King
Drums beating, (through the Park) part marching before, and part behind, brought to
with a private Guard of Partizans about him, the Bilhop on the one hand, and
Colonel Thomlinson (who had the charge of him) on the other, bare-headed.
The Guards marching a flow pace, as on a folemn and fad occafion,to their ill-tu-
ned Drums: He bid them go fafter, (as his uſual manner of walking was) ſay-
ing That he now went before them to strive for an Heavenly Crown, with less
Sollicitude than he had often encouraged his Souldiers to fight for an Earthly Di-
adem.
Bing come to the end of the Park, he went up the ſtayers leading to the
Long-Gallery in White-ball, where he ufed formerly to lodge. There finding
an unexpected delay in being brought upon the Scaffold, which they had begun
but that Morning, He paft the moſt of that time (having received a Letter
from the Prince in the interim by Mr. Seymor) in prayer.
Mr. Seymor
About twelve a clock his Majefty (refuting to dine) eat onely a bit of Bread, prefents his
and drank a glass of Claret; and about an hour after, Colonel Hacker with Majesty with a
G g
other Letter from the
Prince.
218
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
เ
:
The Kings
friends barba-
You fly fed.
Engines to
force the King
if he had re-
filled.
His Majefty
ken, but
be might be
thought to fub-
mit to the
guilt.
He began not
the war;
but the two
Houses.
す
​other Officers and Souldiers, brought him with the Bifhop and Colonel Thom-
linfon through the Banqueting houfe to the Scaffold, whereto the paffage was
made through a Window. A ftrong Guard of feveral Regiments of Horfe and
Foot were placed on all fides, which hindred the neer approach of his mifera-
ble and distracted Subjects, (who for manifefting their forrow, were barba-
roufly uſed) and the King from ſpeaking what he had defigned for their Ears:
whereupon his Majefty finding himſelf difappointed, omitted much of his in-
tended Matter, but having viewed the Scaffold (which had Irons driven in it
to force him down to the Block by Ropes, if he fhould have refifted) and the
Axe, ( of whofe Edge he was very careful, having minded one ( a Knight then
prefent) of touching it with his Cloak.)
The King being come upon the Scaffold, look'd very earnestly upon
the Block, and asked Colonel Hacker if there were no higher :
And then Spake thus: (directing his Speech chiefly to Colonel
Thomlinfon.)
I
Shall be very little heard of any body elſe, I ſhall therefore
ſpeak a word to you here: Indeed I could have held my peace-
very well, if I did not think, that holding my peace would make
had not po- fome men think that I did ſubmit to the Guilt, as well as to the
that otherwife Puniſhment: But I think it is my dutie to God first, and then to
my Countrie, to clear my felf, both as an honeſt man, a good King,
and a good Chriſtian. I fhall begin firſt with my Innocency;
and
in troath, I think it not very needful for me to Infift long upon
this: For all the world knows, that I did never begin a War with
the two Houses of Parliament; and I call God to witneß, unto whom
I muſt ſhortly make an account, that I did never intend to in-
croach upon their Priviledges: They began upon me; it is the
Militia they began upon: They confefs'd the Militia was mine,but
they thought it fit to have it from me. And to be ſhort, if any
body will look to the dates of Commiffions, of their Commif-
fions and mine, and likewiſe to the Declaration, he will fee clearly,
that they began theſe unhappie Troubles, not I. So as for the guilt
of theſe enormous Crimes that are laid againſt me, I hope that God
will clear me out. I will not (for I am in charitie) and God for-
bid that I ſhould lay it upon the two Houses of Parliament, there is
no neceflity of either, I hope they are free of this guilt; but I be-
lieve, that ill inftruments between them and me, have been the
chief caufe of all this blood-fhed: So that as I finde my felf clear of
this, I hope (and pray God) that they may too: Yet for all this,
God forbid that I fhould be fo ill a Chriftian, as not to ſay, that
Gods judgements are juſt upon me: Many times he doth pay ju-
One unjust sen- ftice by an unjuft Sentence, that is ordinarie: I will fay this, That
tence punished unjust Sentence that I fuffered to take effect, is punished by an n unjuſt
Sentence upon me So far I have faid to fhew you, that I am an
innocent man. Now to fhew you that I am a good Chriftian; I
hope there is a good man that will bear me witneſs, that I have for-
given all the world, and even thofe in particular, that have been the
chief caufers of my Death: who they are, God knows, I do not de-
caufers of his fire to know, I pray God forgive them. But this is not all, my
His Majely
lays not the
guilt on the two
Honfes:
ill Instruments
the cause of it.
with another.
His Majefty for
gives all the
world, even the
death.
charitie
1
}
1648.
219
England, Scotland and Ireland.
wi, to Peace.
7
Charitie muſt go further; I wiſh that they may repent, for in leed
they have committed a great fin in that particular; I pray God with
St. Stephen, that this be not laid to their charge: And with il, that Prays they may
they may take the way to the Peace of the Kingdom; for my cha- tab the right
ritie commands me, not onely to forgive particular men, but to
endeavour to the laſt gafp, the Peace of the Kingdom. So (Sirs)
I do wish with all my foul, (I fee there are fome here that will car-
ry it further) that they endeavour the Peace of the Kingdom. (Sirs)
I muſt fhew you, both how you are out of the way, and put you in
a way. First, You are out of the way; for certainly all the ways
you ever had yet, as far as I could finde by any thing, is in the way
of Conqueft: certainly this is an ill way; for Conqueft, in my Opi- conquest an ill
nion, is never juft, except there be a juft and good caufe, either for way, feldom
matter of wrong, or a juft Title; and then if ye go beyond the firſt just.
quarrel that ye have, that makes it unjuft at the end, that was juft
at firft: for if there be onely matter of Conqueft, then it is a great
Robbery ; as a Pirate faid to Alexander, That he was a great Rob-
ber, himſelf was but a petty Robber: And fo Sirs, I think for the
way that you are in, you are much out of the way. Now, Sirs, to
put you in the way; believe it, you fhall never go right, nor God
will never profper you, until you give God his due, the King his to give God bis
due (that is, my Succeffor) and the people their due; I am as
much for them as any of you. You muſt give God his due, by re- is the right
gulating rightly his Church, according to the Scripture, (which way.
is now out of order.) And to fet you in a way particularly, now due in fetling
I cannot; but onely this: A National Synod freely called, freely the Church.
debating among themſelves, muſt fettle this: When every Opinion
is freely heard. For the King, indeed I will not, the Laws of the As to the King,
Land will clearly inftruct you for that; therefore becauſe it con- it concerning
cerns mine own particular, I onely give you a touch of it. For
himſelf, bis
the People, truly I defire their Libertie and freedom as much as a-it.
ny body whomfoever: But I muft tell you, that their Libertie and Peoples Liberty
their freedom conſiſt in having Government under thofe Laws, by confils in ha-
which their lives and theirs may be moſt their own; it is not in ment, not (34-
having a ſhare in the Government, that is nothing pertaining to ring in it.
them: A Subject and a Soveraign are clean different things; and
犁
​therefore until you do that, I mean, that you put the People into
that Libertie, as I fay, certainly they will never enjoy them-
felves.
dus, and the
King bis due,
Give God his
ving Govern
Sirs, it was for this that now I am come hither; for if I would
have given way to an Arbitrary way, for to have all Laws chan-
ged according to the Power of the Sword, I need not have come
here; and therefore I tell you (and I pray God it be not laid to
your charge) that I am the MARTTR of the people. In troath
Sirs, I fhall not hold you any longer; I will onely fay this to you, the Martyr of
His Majefty
that I could have defired fome little time longer, becauſe I would the People.
have put this, what I have faid, a little better digeſted than I have
done; and therefore I hope you will excufe me. I have delivered
my Confcience: I
take thoſe Courſes, that are
Gg 2
beſt
pray God you
220
Part I
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
M
!
>
His Majeſtie
declares his
Religion.
beſt for the good of the Kingdome, and your own Salvati-
on.
Dr. Juxon. Will your Majesty (though your Majesties affeciims may he very
well known to Religion,) yet it may be expe&ed that you should fay somewhat for
the worlds fatisfaction.
King. I thank you very heartily, my Lord, for that I had almoſt
forgotten it. Introath Sirs, My Confcience in Religion I think is
well known to all the world, and therefore I declare before
very
you all, That I die a Chriftian, according to the profeffion of the
Church of England, as I found it left me by my Father: and this
honeſt man I think will witness it. Then turning to the Officers,
faid, Sirs, excufe me for this fame; I have a good cauſe, and I have
a gracious God, I will fay no more. Then turning to Colonel Hac-
ker, he faid; Take care they do not put me to pain; and Sir, this,
*Afterwards and it pleafe you. But then a Gentleman coming near the Ax, the
Sir William King faid, Take heed of the Ax, pray take heed of the Ax. Then
the King Speaking to the Executioner, faid, I fhall fay but very ſhort
prayers; and when I thruſt out my hands
Clerk.
The King
makes ready
for Execution.
Dr. Juxon
comforts him.
*
1
Then the King called to Doctor Juxon for his Night-cap; and having put it
on, he ſaid to the Executioner, Does my hair trouble you? who defired him to
put it all under his Cap; which the King did accordingly, by the help of the
Executioner and the Bishop: Then the King turning to Doctor Juxon, faid,
1 have a good Cauſe and a gracious God on my fide.
Dr. Juxon. There is but one Stage more; this Stage is turbulent and trouble-
Some, it is a short one: Bat you may confider, it will foon carry you a very great way:
it will carry you from Earth to Heaven, and there you will finde a great deal of
cordial Joy and Comfort.
King. I go from a corruptible to an incorruptible Crown ; where
no diſturbance can be, no diſturbance in the world.
Dr. Juxon. You are exchanged from a Temporary to an Eternal Crown; a good
exchange.
The King then faid to the Executioner, Is my hair well? Then the King
It is known for took off his Cloak and his George, giving his George to Doctor Juxon, faying,
to give it the
Prince.
His Majesty
gives the Sig.
nal.
Remember.
Then the King put off his Doublet, and being in his Waft-coat, put his Cloak
on again: then looking upon the Block, faid to the Executioner, You muſt ſet
it faſt.
Executioner. It is fast, Sir.
King. When I put my hands out this way, ftretching them
out, then,
After that, having faid two or three words (as he ftood) to himſelf, with
hands and eyes lift up; Immediately ftooping down, he laid his Neck upon the
Block and then the Executioner again putting his hair under his Cap, the
King (thinking he had been going to ftrike) faid, Stay for the Signe.
Executioner. Yes, I will, and it pleafe your Majefty.
&
And after a very little paufe, the King ftretching forth his Hands,the Executio-
He is Executed. ner at one Blow fevered his Head from his Body.
The Head being off, the Executioner held it up, and thewed it to the people;
which done, it was with the Body put in a Coffin covered with Black Velvet
for that purpoſe, and conveyed into his Lodgings there: And from thence it
was carried to his Houfe at Saint James's, where his Body was Embalmed and
put in a Coffin of Lead, and laid there a fortnight to be feen by the people: and
on the Wedneſday fevennight, his Corps Embalmed and Coffined in Lead, was
delivered
1648.
221
England, Scotland and Freiand.
-
delivered chiefly to the care of four of his Servants, viz. Mr. Herbert. Captain The Corps com-
Anthony Mildmay, his Sewers; Captain Preston, and John Joyner, formerly mitted to the
care of his jer.
Cook to his Majefty: they attended (with others? clothed in Mourcing futes vints.
and Cloaks ; accompanied the Herfe that night to Windfor, and placed it in that carried to
which was formerly the Kings Bed-chamber: next day it was removed into Windior.
the Deans Hill, which Room was hanged with black, and mide dark, with
Lights burning round the Herſe; in which it remained till three in the after-
noon, about which time came the Duke of Lenox, the Marquefs of Hertford,
the Marquess of Dorchester, and the Earl of Lyndsey, having obtained an Or- Some Lords get
der from the Parliament for the decent Interment of the King their Royal Ma- an order for the
fter, provided the expence thereof exceeded not five hundred pounds. At their burial of the
coming into the Caftle, they fhewed their Order of Parliament to Colonel
Whichcor Governour of the Cattle, defiring the Interment might be in Saint They defire it
George's Chappel, and by the form in the Common-prayer-Book of the Church might be in St.
of England.
Gorge's Chap-
pel by common-
prayer: are
King.
vail not.
This requeſt was by the Governour denyed, ſaying, it was improbable that
the Parliament would permit the uſe of what they had ſo folemnly abolished, and deayed.
therein destroy their own Act. To which the Lords replyed, There was a diffe- They expoftu
rence betwixt destroying their own Act, and difpenfing with it, and that no Power late, but pre-
fo binds its own hands, as to difable it ſelf in fome Cafes. But all could not
prevail, the Governour perfifting in the fearch of a convenient place for the
Burial of the Corps; the which after ſome pains taken therein, they diſcover- Seeking a place
ed a Vault in the middle of the Quire, wherein, as it was probably conjectured, for Burial, they
finde Hen. 8's
lyeth the body of King Henry the eighth, and his beloved Wife, the Lady Jane .
Seymor, both in Coffins of Lead: in this Vault, there being room for one more,
they refolved to interre the Body of the King; the which was accordingly
brought to the place, born by the Officers of the Garrison, the four Corners The Funeral.
of the Velvet Pall born up by the aforefaid four Lords, the Lord Biſhop of
London following next, and other perfons of Quality; the Body was commit-
ted to the Earth with fighs and Tears, eſpecially of the Reverend Biſhop, as de-
nyed to do the laſt Duty and Service to his Dear and Royal Mafter; the Velvet
Pall being caft into the Vault, was laid over the Body. Upon the Coffin were
theſe words fet :
KING CHARLES. 1648.
All Elegies are uſeleẞ and in vain,
While Charles the Second shall be King again.
No learned Grief can tell the Church and State
What Heaven conceals in this bleft Martyrs Fate.
Fortune may play with Scepters for a time,
Tet make the Peoples Liberty their Crime.
The
{
1
223
A
CHRONICLE
OF THE
CIVIL WARS
OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND.
THE SECOND PART:
BEING
The Democracie.
out Regal Go-
He Scepter had not departed from Great Britain, nor had the
Imperial Majeſty of England been ever darkned, or in any part England kaď
fo Eclipfed, fince the Nation firft Inhabited the Ifland, which is not been with-
beyond the computation of any Hiſtory. Regnum Britanniæ prin- verament from
cipio Regis habuere, was an original and conftant truth through the begining.
innumerable fucceffions, nor did it ever vary in the moft difficult perplexities
of whatſoever Revolutions. Indeed Monarchy was fo congenerous with the
People and Inhabitants of this Iſland, that civil Fortune, when ſhe had given up
the rest of the world to the potent Arms of Romes Senate, and that victorious
Commonwealth (for Cæfar had Conquered France and Spain as a General in
their fervice) yet referved us to be the infallible next and immediate Omen of
his future Empire, when he parted hence with a refolved and facilitated Am-
bition of feizing the univerſal Soveraignty; and 'tis obſervable, that the Britains
were never taken into the protection of the Senate and people of Rome, but
of Cafar onely.
After the decay of that Empire, we changed our Governours onely, not the It bad change
Government, which in our British, Saxon, and Danish Rule, was one and the of Governors,
fame, fave that it was divided into feveral Principalities under the Heptarchy, not change of
and afterwards parted among the Invading Potentates, until the Norman Line Government.
fuccessfully grafped all, and united the whole Realm of England under one
entire Regality.
In
1
1
224
The Royal race
bad continued
562 years in
onc Regality.
Now clouds
and darkuel,
blackveß and
Stupefaction.
Horrour and
Amazement.
No leß enough
to bem afenfe
of so great a
diffolution.
His Majefly
might have
lived very long.
The Prince ab-
Sent,
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part
In this Royal race the Crown had continued 562 years; and though fome
of thofe Princes had been difpoffeffed and outed of the Throne, yet was it
but transferred to another proprietor; changed onely the Temples, that it
might fit fafter and eafier, and with more fpreading fplendor fhew its felf to
the World. Of fuch a veneration was the Royal, right always efteemed, that
the Laws placed it beyond the power of Fate, and made it the fupreme fanction,
that the King never Dieth; like the Sun in his Glorious Orb, that perpetually
fhines, though our interpofed fight conceives him benighted, Moritur & Oritur,
In the fame inftant and moment he fets and rifeth.
1
But oh, the thick gloominess, thofe difmal Clouds, that palpable Darkness,
which enveloped the fetting of this our Martyr'd Soveraign! The Face of the
Kingdom gathered blacknefs, and we feemed to have returned to our firft
Chaos; nothing of Order, Frame, or Conftitution remaining to be feen. If
we looked upwards, the incenfed Heavens had vailed themselves from behol-
ding this Impiety: if upon our felves, our ftupified fenfes and our defpairing,
looks gave fignes, Humanity was fled, and Nature could not long continue:
if round about us, the reproaches and derifion of the world, and the affronts.
and impudence of theſe flagitious Regicides, pointing at, and deriding us for
our disloyal cowardife, fharpned thofe ftings of Confcience, and made us ferk
Solitudes, and wish for a total diffolution: If downwards, the mournful
Earth gaped for vengeance, and reprefented us the infernal Tomb of lefs wic-
ked Rebels, Corab and his Tribe. Nothing but horrour and amazement pol-
felt us, Hope abandoned us; Women mifcarried and died, Young people made
vows of abftinence and perpetual chaſtity, Old Mens fpirits failed them,. and
they gave up the Ghoft, Children wept and lamented (by a natural inſtinct)
for this Father of their Country; an univerfal out-cry there was to Heaven
for help and mercy: thofe whofe ftronger hearts could not preſently yield, felt
fuch Convulfions within them, as if they were in travel with grief, and knew
not how to be delivered of their unwieldy burden. In fine, fhame and anguiſh
laid hold upon us, and our Glory departed.
!
No lefs extafies of grief could ferve to fhew how fenfible we were of the
diffolution of that Political Machine, which had fo long and fo happily con-
ſerved our Honour, our Lives, and our Liberties; wherein the Princes Prero-
gative, and the Subjects Propriety, ſo harmónioutly moved, without the leaft
jar and difcordance for fo many hundred of years, till our unhappy Reformers
took too much upon them, and would be tampering with that Noli me Tan-
gere, the facred (and not to be profaned) right of Princes; boldly diſtin-
guishing betwixt the perfonal and political capacity of the King, and fo ma-
king him co-ordinate with his Parliament: An impious Treafonable Tenet,
and the corrupt Fountain and bitter fource of all thofe undutiful and rebellious.
actions against that bleffed Prince, and fince damn'd by a Parliament it ſelf in
thoſe expreſs Epithets.
If therefore the Indians do cuftomarily every night with forrowful Lamen-
tations take leave of the Sun, whom yet undoubtedly they expect in the Mor-
ning; no wonder will it feem to pofterity (nor will thefe evidences of our
confternation (before recited) be thought an hyperbolical ſtrain ) if ſo dif-
confolately we faw our Sun pulled out of his Orb, and darkned in the ſhadow
of Death; his Beams cut off and eloigned into obfcure and remote corners,
from whence, it was treaſon againſt theſe Princes of Darkneſs to return, and
with their hereditary fucceffive influence to re-vifit and revive the drooping dy-
ing hearts of a forlorn and deferted people.
Such was our condition in the deprivation and extinguiſhing of that lamp
of life, which fupplied, with fo many vertues and graces, rendred our Mar-
tyr'd Soveraign the moft confpicuous of all Monarchs,and might have prolong-
ed his days to an extraordinary term; fo proportionate and fit, had God and
Nature made him to Eternity. The fame was our fearful cafe, in the abſence
and exile of our prefent miraculoufly-reftored Prince, Charles the fecond;
whom
1
•
1548.
225
England, Scotland and Ireland.
whom yet wifer and kinder providence had fecured in that cloud, and by a but in fafety.
timely refcue had in fafety conveyed into Forrain Parts,out of the reach of theſe
Herods, who would have ftretched out their Hands alfo againſt his innocent
and most precious Life.
Now when there was neither Sun, Moon, nor Stars (the King murthered,
Regal Authority abolished, the Heir excluded, the Houſe of Lords turned out
of doors, and the Houfe of Commons turned into a Den of Thieves, and packt
Juncto and Conventicle of a moft perdite fort of men) did thefe Bats and In the night of
Scritch-owls ufurp the Dominion of the night of our confufions, and take up- confusion, Bats
on them to Enact and give Laws fuitable to their interefts, as rational as true; and Scritch-
which ſhewed they concerned the Law-givers, not the receivers.
owles rule.
The first hourfe and ominous noiſe they made, as a foundation and main prin-
ciple of their wild Government, was a fained note to catch the Vulgar and the
mad rabble, on whom they wholely depended, and whom they were to flat-
ter (not force) into flavery and ſervitude, by the ſpecious hopes of their ar-
riving alfo in time to be Governours and Statef-men, and to ſhare in the honours
and profits of their new Commonwealth. This was concluded, as is mention- They make an
ed before, in theſe few words, viz. That all power and Authority is originally in a forbidding
the people: And in order to that, they now emitted a Tidy Act by way of a the Proclama-
tion of a King,
Proclamation, which was with wonderful Expedition founded all the King- c. Jan.
dom over, in theſe or the like words.
That whereas ſeveral pretences might be made to this Crown, and Title to the
Kingly Office ſet on foot, to the apparent hazard of the publike Peace; Be it En-
acted and Ordained by this prefent Parliament, and the Authority of the fame,
that no Perfon whatfoever do prefume to Proclaim, declare, publish, or any ways
to promote Charles Stuart, Son of the ſaid Charles late King of England, com-
monly called Prince of Wales, or any other perfon to be King or chief Magistrate of
England or Ireland, or of any Dominions belonging to them; by colour of Inhe-
ritance, Succeffion, Election, or any other claim whatsoever, without the free con-
Sent of the People in Parliament first bad or fignified by a particular Act or Or-
dinance for that purpoſe: any Law, Statute, Ufage, or Custom to the contrary
notwithstanding. And whosoever shall contrary to this Act, Proclaim or cauſe to
be Proclaimed, &c. shall be deemed and adjudged a Traytor, and fuffer accar
dingly.
So did they contrive and imagine to obftruct and bir the way to the Throne
which themſelves had Invaded, and parted into fhares; but fuch monstrous
wickedness boyling up to an excess of malice towards the dead and living
Proprietors of the Crown, was not fuffered to pafs without an allay and coo-
ler, in a Printed Proclamation thrown about ſtreets, letting them fee the peo- A Proclama-
ple would not run a gadding after their Calves at Bethel, as they would have tion thrown a
rancied to themfelves, but would keep in the old path, and beaten track of bout streets.
Government, in the fucceflion of Charles the fecond to the Majefty of England.
Which Proclamation was as followeth:
We the Noblemen, fudges, Knights, Lawyers, Gentlemen, Minifters, Free- The Procelama-
holders, Merchants, Citizens, &c. and other Free men of England, do according tion.
to our Allegiance and Covenant, by theſe Preſents, beartily, joyfully, and unanimouf-
ly acknowledge, and Proclaim, the Illustrious Charles Prince of Wales, next Heir
of the Blood-Royal to his Bleſſed Father King Charles (whoſe late wicked and
Trayterous Murder we do from our fouts abominate, and all parties and conſenters
thereunto) to be by Hereditary Birth right, and Lawful Succeffion, rightful and
undoubted King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, and the Dominions there-
unto belonging. And that we will faithfully, conftantly, and fincerely, in our ſe-
veral places and callings, defend and maintain his Rayal Perfon, Crown, and Dig-
nity, with our Eſtates, Lives, and laſt drop of our Blood, againſt all Oppoſers there-
of, whom we do hereby declare to be Traytors, and Enemies to his Majefty and
bis Kingdoms. In Testimony whereof, we have ordered, and canfed these to be
publiſhed
Hh
1
1.
i
.226
They Vote the
Exclufion of
the Members
the Army bad
fecluded.
The House of
Lords Voted
ufeleß, Feb. 5.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
published and Proclaimed throughout all Countries and Corporations of this Realm,
the first day of February, and the firfryear of his Majefties Raign.
God fave King Charles the ſecond.
This without any folemnity, or indeed open appearance, met with the chear-
ful reception, and inward Loyal reſolutions,as if vent had been given to a publike
manifeſtation of Duty and Joy, upon his Majetties prefent acceffion to the
Crown: for it revived the Hearts of mourning and difconfolate Subjects, to
fee the fure and certain Succeffion thereof to be continued in the fame moft
beloved name, the Eldeft Branch and defcendant of their Martyr'd Soveraign,
in whoſe ruines the Regicides thought to have raked up and buried all the,
claims and juft Titles to this Impartial Diadem.
In tendency whereunto, they firſt confidered how to keep the honeft Mem-
bers (the Army had Secluded) from entring in again, that they might not have
too many partakers in the ſpoil of the Kingdoms; and therefore another Legitla-
tive by-blow was Enacted, That all thofe Members that had affented to the Vote
of the 5 of December,concerning the Kings Conceffions, fheuld never be re-admitted;
and fuch as Voted in the Negative fhould prefently enter their faid diffent, or before
they were to be admitted. And this characteristical difcrimination they moft pun-
ctually infifted on to the very laft, as the main Pillar of their Oligarchy:
and we fhall fee this difference hardly laboured throughout their ufurpa-
tion.
On the 5 of February they fell again upon the ftanding remains of the dif-
folved Government, the Peerage and Nobility of the Kingdom, whoſe med-
ling in State-affairs to the fettlement of the Nation, and their Meffage to that
purpoſe, they had fcornfully rejected, not looking upon them as a part of the
people; but at one blow, and with the breath of one Vote, which imported
that the Houfe of Lords were uftlefs and dangerous, and fo ought to be abo-
lifhed, they laid them afide, having given order for an Act to be drawn up ac-
cordingly yet fo far indulging their Honours the favour of any mean Sub-
jes priviledge, to be Elected either Knight or Burgess to ferve in their
Houſe.
Againſt this civil and political Execution, came forthwith likewiſe a Decla-
The proteftation ration and Proteftation, dated, February the 8. in the name of the Nobility,
of the Nobility braving them with their illegal, Trayterous, Barbarous, and bold faucy Ufur-
against it.
pation, with other arguments, mingled with threats, menaces, invectives,
which will be too tedious to recite: And indeed it was to little purpoſe then,
for it was too late to argue with, or to Vapour againſt thoſe men, who were
fo Fortified in their new Empire, by a ſo numerous, and potent, and well-paid
Army. Something might have been done when this Cockatrice was a
hatching; but now its angry looks were enough to kill thofe that envigufly be-
held it. And to let them fee how little they valued, and how flightly they
thought of the injury the Peers fo highly urged, they with the fame calie
demolition of Kingly-Government, by a Vote that it is unneceffary, burden-
fome, and dangerous, overwhelm the whole Fabrick together, bidding them
feek a place to erect their Monumental Lordfhips; and Honour was never yet ſo
The Kingly
Power Voted
ufeleß, Feb. 7.
neer a fhaddow.
Now that they were thus poffeft of the whole entire Power and Authority,
for the better exerciſe thereof, and the fpeedier fruition of the fweets thereof,
they agree to part and divide the Province, the Government among them. To
this end, they concluded to erect an Athenian Tyranny of lome 40 of then,
A Council of under the Name and Title of a Council of State, to whom the Executive part of
Satt in Force. their Power ſhould be committed, while the Parliament (as they called their
Worſhips )ſhould exerciſe onely the Judicatory part thereof; and fo between them
make quick work of their buſineſs, in confounding and ruining the King-
dom.
And
1648.
226
England, Scotland and Ireland.
14
And that they might likewiſe appear to the people as great preſervers of the
Laws, and to study their weal in the due aminiftration of Juftice; their next
care was for drawing up Commiffions for the Judges; which ran in the new Fadges Com-
file of the Keepers of the Liberties of England, by Authority of Parliament; miffioned.
miſſioned-
and to that purpofe, a Conference was had by a Committee with the Judges
about it; fix whereof agreed to hold, upon a Provifo to be made by an Act of
the Houfe of Commons, that the Fundamental Laws fhould not be aboliſhed:
a very weak fecurity, but that it met with ftrong and prepared confidence: thefe
were Lord Chief Juftice Rolls, and Juftice Jermyn of the Kings-Bench; Chief
Juftice Saint-John, and Juftice Pheasant, of the Common-Pleas, and Chief Ju-
itice Wilde, (how he was made fo, Captain Burleigh tells us,) and Baron Tates:
the other fix refuſed,as knowing the Laws and the preſent Anarchy were incom-
patible and incapable of any expedient to fute them together. But the one
half was very fair, and ſerved to keep the Lawyers in practice, and from daſh-
ing at their illegal Authority.
maintain the
In purſuance of that promife made to thofe Judges that held, and to deceive
and cologue the people, they Paffed a Declaration, That they were fully refolved
to maintain, and would uphold and maintain, preferve and keep the Fundamental They declare to
Laws of the Nation, as to the prefervation of the Lives, Liberties and Properties preferve and
of the People, with all things incident thereunto, faving thofe alterations concerning Laws.
the King and House of Lords already made. And yet notwithitanding, they
at the fame time were Erecting High Courts of Juftice; impreffed Sea-men, and
levied illegal Taxes by Souldiers,and many other Enormities. But it feems thoſe
Judges were content with the prefervation of the litigious part of the Law,
extending this Provifo no further, than to the private difputes of Meum & Tu-
um, whilft this publike Monfter fwallowed all.
ed to Forrain
Princes.
Having thus eſtabliſht themſelves in the Civil Power, with fome face of a
Democratical Authority, they proceeded to other Acts of State, to give repu-
tation to themſelves, and ftrength to their Government; the firft whereof,
was their Voting a New ftamp for Coyn, whereby their Soveraignty might be A new stamp
notified to all the world, in the Trade and traffique thereof: Next, defigning for Coyn Voted.
feveral Agents and Envoys to go to the Courts of Forrain Princes, and there Agents and
by their ſpecious challenges and thews of Liberty and publike good, the pretence Envoys defign
of the Law of Nations, peculiarly the Municipal Laws of this, to palliate o-
ver, and Juftific their unparallell'd proceedings againft the King; of which
Meffengers we fhall preſently fpeak. And fo we fhall for a while leave thefe
ufurpers amidst the feveral Complements given them by way of Salutation
from the Army and Sectarian party, under the yet-continued Notion of the
Godly; who forfooth highly magnified their Juftice in this, and urged them in
their Addreffes to extend it further. (About this time the Parliament Nulled The monthly
the Monthly Fatt on Wedneſday, which had continued through all the War, Faft Nulled.
thinking to impoſe upon the people, as if God had anſwered all their prayers
in that Murther of the King, and that the work of Reformation was now ac-
compliſhed.)
It was high time therefore for ſuch of the Kings party as were in their hands
to look about them; for beſides the life and moit certain rumour of a general
Maffacre intended against the whole, which was debated at a Council of War,
and carried but by two Votes, they had ipecial information of proceedings to several eſcapes
be had againſt them, in the fame way of Tryal, before a High Court of Jultice. of the Cavalier
First therefore Colonel Maffey efcapes away from Saint James's, juft upon the party, viz.
Col. Malley,
Kings Death; next, Sir Lewis Dives and Matter Holden being brought to Sir Lewis Di-
White-ball upon examination, pretending to eaſe themſelves, got down the ves, Mr Hol-
Common-ſhore to the Water-fide,and eſcaped, leaving their Warders in the lurch, den, and Lord
and to a vain refearch after them. The Lord Capel likewife made a handfome last of them be-
Capel; the
efcape out of the Tower; but paffing by Water to Lambeth, in the Boat of one trayed by Da
Davis a Water-man, and unhappily and fatally cafting out fome words by vis a water-
way of enquiry of the faid Lord; the wicked villain ſuſpecting the truth, man,
feized
Hh2
}
227
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
and retaken. feized him at Lambeth, from whence he was re-conveyed to the fame Prifon, in
order to his fpeedy Tryal, his Betrayer being preferred by the Parliament, be-
came the ſcorn and contempt of every body, and lived afterward in fhame and
Lord Lough- mifery. And the Lord of Loughborough Brother to Ferdinando then Earl of
borough - Huntingdon, famous for feveral Loyal Services, but mot maligned by the Par-
capes from
Windfor-Ca- liament for the laft effort thereof at Colchester, gave them alfo the flip from
ftle with feve- Windfor-Caftle (where he and the Colonels Tuke, Hamond, and Francis Heath
(newly at liberty upon his parole to finde good fecurity) and other Royalifts
were impriſoned) and got cleaverly away, and in March arrived at Rotterdam
in Holland, where on the New-bridge he accidently met with Colonel Maſſey,
who claiming knowledge of him, from Lidbury-fight, where they more un-
happily encountred each other; his Lordship was civilly and Nobly pleafed (up-
on the Colonels proteftation of a return and entire obedience to his Majeltics
Authority) to pass with him in company to the Hague, whither. this occation
happily directs us.
ral others.
The King at
the Hague,
Feb. &c.
The Prince of
Aurange 4
friend to the
Royal Family.
Mr.Beaumont
Executed at
Pomfret,
Feb. 7.
The King our Soveraign, Charles the fecond, then kept his Court there, fur-
niſhed with Blacks and other mournful Emblems of his Fathers Death, at the
charge of the Prince of Aurange, whofe moft fignal kindneſſes to the Royal Fa
mily may not pafs without a due Commemoration. The King was here at-
tended by the Lord Marquess of Montroß, the Lords Hopton, Wilmot, Culpeper,
Wentworth, and other great Perfonages, Sir Edward Hide, Sir Edward Nicholas,
and a Noble (though poor) retinue of old Royalifts, who had vowed to his
Majefties Fortunes. The Relator was prefent, when the Lord of Loughbo-
rough added Colonel Maffey to that number, both of them kiffing the Kings
Hand the fame morning; the Lord in his Majeſties Privy-Chamber, where he
was received by the King with all poffible gladness and joy of his eſcape, and
other endearments; the Colonel was very refpectfully and civilly treated, and
confirmed into the Kings Service and Truft, by his Majefties gracious accep-
tation of his forrow for his former actions,and his refolutions of reparatory Duty.
The new Eſtates of England liked not well of his fo neer neighbourhood
and entertainment, in a Commonwealth too, and thought their greatneſs fo
formidable, that it could perfwade (without any more trouble) all places and
people to his dereliction; and to this purpoſe, they infinuated the fame inten-
tions to Myn Heer Pauw (the then Dutch Refident here) who was fent over
by the States, as alſo another Embaffador from the French, befides the carnett
intervention of the Scots Commiffioners, to intercede for the King) with whom
they had ſeveral difcourfes about the dangerous greatness of the Prince of Au-
range and 'tis reported the Man was made by them. He departed hence a-
bout the middle of March, very well pleafed with the profits of his Em-
baffic.
Ma-
Though they could not reach the King, and though fome of his best Sub-
jects had outreached them, yet many others 'could not fo efcape them.
fter Beaumount a Minitter belonging to the Gariſon of Pomfret, then belea-
gured by Major-General Lambert, in place of Rainsborough, who was killed,
and buried at Wapping neer London, as aforefaid, was taken for holding cor-
refpondence in cypher; and by a Council of War Condemned and Hanged
before the Caſtle, prefently after the Kings Death; and deſerves to be placed
as the Protomartyr for King Charles the fecond. But this was but a puny vi-
Єtime to the enfuing Sacrifices: for the old pretence of Jultice challenged new
dues, by the evidence of its former adminiftration, which would have been
thought but a ſtep purpofely made to their ambitious ufurpation, if other blood,
not fo obnoxious to their grand defigne, fhould not (in purfuance of their de-
clared impartial bringing to condigne punishment all forts of Delinquents) be
offered up to their Idol of Liberty. There was alfo another Reafon of State
in it; for that the Houfe of Lords being fo eafily laid afide,, it was requifice
while the firſt violence was yet recent, utterly to difanimate the Nobility by a-
nother as lawleſs, more bloody infringement of their Priviledges.
In
1648.
228
England, Scotland and Ireland.
J
In order to this, a new High Court of Justice was Erected, by an Act to that A new High
purpoſe, wherein other D. udges were named under the conduct of the former Court of Justice
erected.
Prefident; for that the State-Grandees could not themſelves intend fuch minute
matters, as the lives of the Pecrage. Before this Tribunal were brought (as
in the faid Act were named) James Duke Hamilton as Earl of Cambridge,
and Naturalized thereby in this Kingdom, Henry Rich Earl of Holland, George
Lord Goring then Earl of Norwich, Arthur Lord Capel, and Sir John Owen of
North Wales.
Duke Himilton was the firft of thofe that came to this Bar, where he was Duke Hamil.
foothed by Bradshaw according to inftruction, in hopes he would be won to ton, Earl of
Holland, Lord
difcover his partakers in the late Parliament and City; and Peters to that Capel, Irved
purpoſe gave evidence that Lambert gave him quarter, when Colonel Wait by the High
(who took him) denied it to the Houfe: but when the Court perceived he Court of Ju-
was not to free therein, off ring in lieu of fuch Treachery 100000 l. for his life, ftice,
and promiling to joyn interefts with Arguile in Scotland; Bradshaw took him
up fhort, and for all his plea of quarter, and to what he further arged againſt
his Naturalization, (that he himfelt was never Naturalized,but that it was his Fa-
ther, whole right devolved no more to him by the Civil Law, than the fame
Franchife doth to Children in other Countries) haftily was answered, that in
the 15 year of King Charles, he was called to Parliament by Writ as Earl of
Cambridge. They objected against him alfo his breach of Faith paffed to the Go-
vernour of Windsor for his true Imprifonment, from whence he had eſcaped,
and was retaken in Southwark; which breach he denied, and challenged the
Governour of untruth in that particular. After much delay, which he obtain-
ed in hopes of a diſcovery, and ſeveral arguments of his Counſel affigned for
him, Bradshaw at laft fnapt him up, telling him of his Treafons and Murthers,
and gave final Sentence. The Lord Capel likewife after ſeveral brave legal The Lord Ca-
Defences, as his Peerage, &c. and his plea of quarter given by Fairfax, who pel's legal De-
in open Court conftrued that quarter to be but a prefent faving from the pro-
mifcuous flaughter, with a reference ftill to a Judicial proceeding, was over-ru-
led; they urged alfo againſt him, his efcape out of the Tower, which he pro-
ved to amount to no more (at the moſt of it in any other cafe) than a bare
Felony, and within the benefit of the Clergy. His refumed argument ( when
all would not do ) was the Honour of the Sword, which feeing how little
thofe & that ſhould have juftly afferted it ) did value, he refolved to trouble
hamilf no longer at their Bar; but being demanded what he could ſay more
for himfelt, replied nothing; but with a chearful refignation of himſelf to
providence, expected his Doom, then impending over him. The Earl of Hol-
land caine not to their Bar while they had finished with the other Lords, by
reafon of his indifpofition which delayed him at Warwick-Caſtle; but ſuch was
their impatient pretenfions to Juftice, that they got him conveyed to their
High Court, and as they had done by the reft, over-ruled his plea (which he
argued ju much weakneſs, taking a spoonful of fome Cordial every foot between
his words) of quarter given, and concluded him in the fame Sentence.
fences.
The Lord Goring fo artificially and wifely pleaded to them in Form, Not The Lord Go-
Guilty, and withal iofifted upon his Commitlion and Authority, and harmle- ring and Sir
John Owen
nels therein, that he efcaped the Execution of the like Condemnation; as alfo reprieved.
did Sir John Owen, who with a Britain confidence denied every tittle of the
Charge againit him; efpecially that part relating to the death of Mafter Loyd
the Sheriff of Cardigan, and came off with the fame danger, and the like fuccefs
as the Lord preceding, whole Fate being referred to the Parliament, proved
fortunate but by the decifion of one Vote, 24 to 24 being divided in the que-
tion of his life; and as I Remember, it was the faving double voice of Len-
thall the Speaker; Sir John Owen was carried more affirmatively; the reft all
in the Negative, being turned off with their Ladies and their Relations Peti-
tions, to the fame High Court, who to fhew their civility more than their mer-
cy, were pleased to gratifie the Ladies with a refpit of two days, as long as their
Commiffion and power lafted.
On
229
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Duke Hamil-
ton, E. of Hol-
land, and Lord
Capel behead
el, Mar. 9.
i
Other capital
Delinquents in
nomination.
On the 9th of March, the Duke, the Earl of Holland, and Lord Capel be-
ng guarded from Saint James's to Sir Robert Cottons Houſe, (the next fatal
Stage of late to the Scaffold) were feverally brought to the Palace-Yard through
the Hall, their Judges then fitting, and looking fore-right upon their Execu-
tion. The Duke aſcended firſt, and to give him his due,he kept a good ſeeming de-.
corum in his laft words and actions. The Earl of Holland fucceeded to this
bloody Theatre, who very Chriftianly, penitently, and compaffionately enough,
prepared him for his end, juftifying his honeft intentions in that his firft and
lalt action for the King, and intimating that Duty we all owed to our preſent
Soveraign, and fo fuffered for him. But the Lord Capel (like a true Chridian
Heroe) as he came laft, fo did he fum up all (both in his Speech, Countenance,
and Geftures) that was good, praife-worthy, and generous in them both; re-
folutely afferting his own actions, his late Soveraigns Caufe, and his prefent
Majefties Rights; recommending him to his people as the great example of true
English worth, and as the onely hope of the Kingdom. So as with Sampfon he
may be laid to have done thefe Philistins more harm at his Death than in all
his Life, railing and renewing the defires of the people after fo deferving a
Prince.
This Tragedy being over, they refume afresh the debate of what perfons were
yet within their Clutches, any way obnoxious to their Cannibal-Idol of Justice,
who could not be pleafed but with whole Hecatombs: and therefore the Noble
As Sir John Sir John Stowel and Judge Jenkins, thoſe Champions of Law and Loyalty,
Stowell, Judge with Captain Brown Bushell, were next ordered to be put in that fatal Lift of
Jenkins, and
Traytors against their Commonwealth: the Maiquefs of Winchester, and Bishop
Cap. Brown
Bufhell, Marq.
Wren, who had lain prifoner from the beginning of our Troubles, hardly ef
of Winchefter caping the like dangerous qualification; which was upon a forged information
Bp Wren, Ma intended likewiſe againſt Major-General Brown, and Sir John Clotworthy; and
Gen. Brown, to that purpoſe the Cafe of all thofe fecluded (and thereafter impriſoned)
and Sir John
Clotworthy
Members was ordered to a Committee, to make a diſcrimination of their offen-
hardly escaping, ces, and render thoſe two the moſt liable to their feverity. As for thoſe who
Several quali- had eſcaped their hands by departing the Kingdom, they farisfied their indig-
fications of De nation, by a decree of perpetual Banishment, and prefent death upon the re-
Linquents to life
and Eltate.
turn of any fo fentenced. The chief of thefe, befides the Kings Majelty, whom
The chief of God long preferve, and the Duke of York, &c. were the Earl of Bristol, the Duke
whom were,
of Buckingham, the Lord Digby, Lord Cottington, Marqueffes of Newcastle and
the Kings Ma- Worcester, Sir Edward Hide, Lord Culpeper, Lord Widdrington, and fome others,
jesty, the D. of
York, E. of who were very well fatisfied they could do no more to them, and were then
Bristol, D. of following the hopeful fortunes of the King. The reft of that unfortunate par-
Buckingham, ty were put to Ranſome, a Fine being fet upon their Heads, proportionable to
Lord Corting-
their Eſtates; to be paid within fuch times, or else to be in the fame predicament
ton, Marq of with the condemned.
New-cafile, Having thus made good their Conſpiracy or (by them ftiled) Agreement, of
Marq of Wor- bringing Delinquents to Justice, that the exactness of their dire performances
might credit their intentions and refolutions, and make them feem to the Vul-
gar the moft impartial lovers of their Lives and Liberties; (but rather of their
Etates) they proceeded in the political part of Government, by filling up their
Committee of Eltates to the number of 41. who were ordered particularly to
enter their Affent to whatſoever the Juncto had done in reference to the King
and Lords, before they fhould act in that Committee; and Cromwel thereupon
reported to the Houfe, being impowered by them, that of that juft number, 22
had refuſed to engage, as to what was paft; but would joyn with them for the
future,and acknowledge the Supreme Power to be veſted in them. There could no
expedient be found to falve' this fore; fo they were contented to cicatrize it, and
gently lay afide all difputes, or further contrafts about it: but though they past it
without doors, they would not fo within, but totally precluded any turcher
Secluded Mem- pretences of the Members of taking their places in Parliament, who in fome
ber's totally
numbers returned to Westminster; for they Voted, That all fuch as bad abfented
themſelves
Lord Digby,
celter, Sir Ed.
Hide, Lord
Culpeper, and
Lord Wid-
drington.
Excluded.
ક્
1648.
231
England, Scotland and Ireland.
themselves from the 5 of December, ſhould not fit till further order; which was
never vouchläfed till fuch claimers had given evidence of their adherence and
cloling with them.
noldſon the
Lord Mayor
In this fame Month, to take away the fame dignity and priviledge (ſuch The Parlia-
as the House of Lords was to them) from the Lord Mayor and Court of Alder- ments proce d-
men, and to make the Government of London à la mode Democratical, they ings in reference
ordered a Quorum of the Common-Council to a& without the Lord Mayor
to the City.
or the faid Aldermen, if they fhould refuſe to joyn with them: and not long
after, to put another affront (though diftant fome ſpace of time, being the 24
of March enfuing) upon the Mayor, they order him to proclaim their Act
for abolishing Kingly Government; which he difdainfully and generously re-
fuling, his Lady likewife not fuffering their Meffenger that brought it to
drink in her Houſe, but bidding him return to his Mafters for his Wages) up-
on the report thereof by Alderman Atkins a Member of their Houfe, they Vo. AldermanRey
ted him Impriſonment in the Tower for two Months, and to be degraded of
his Honour, and disfranchiſed, and to pay 2000l. to be distributed among outed and fi
the Poor of Westminster, the Hamlets and Southwark; which was rigidly le- ned, and Alder-
vied, and Alderman Andrews (one of the Kings Judges) was Elected in his man Andrews
place; for whofe choice at his prefentment for their approbation, the Houfe one of the Kings
gave the City thanks, and ordered the Barons of the Exchequer to fwear him in bis flead.
Judges placed
in theſe words, That he ſhould be faithful to the Commonwealth (as it was now He proclaims
established) in the Government of the City, where he in ftate Proclaimed the the Act for a-
faid A&, though the people hooted and reviled it, and cryed aloud, God Save Kingly Govern
bolishing
the King, and would have made worfe work, but that the Guards of Horfe ment.
awed them. Alderman Sir Thomas Soams, and Alderman Chambers, for ab- Sir Thomas
fenting themſelves, and juftifying their confcientious refufal, as from former Soams, and
Oaths, were likewife degraded from their Dignity in the City; Alderman Cul- ham degraded.
ham and Gibs excufed themfelves by bufinefs in the Country at the fame time.
At Exeter likewiſe, the Mayor and Sheriffs refuſed to act or joyn in Commif-
fion with Baron Wilde, fent down that Circuit; and divers other places were
very ſtiff in complyance with theſe new Malters: but their Iron Bodies quickly
brought them to perform thoſe new Infructions the Parliament had given
for altering the Patents and the Oaths of Sheriffs, as in all Indictments, a
little before, inſtead of Contra Coronam & Dignitatem, they had ordered it,
Contra Rempublicam & pacem publicam, and fo Mutatis Mutandis.
cy,
Alderman Cul-
To compleat the Martyrology of thoſe that fell with, and accompanied their
Soveraign, Colonel Laughorn, Colonel Powel, and Colonel Poyer, were now col. Poyer
brought before a Court Martial, for the Welch Infurrection at Saint Fagons and Executed
Pembroke, where they were all three Condemned: but at the importunity of April, 25.
their Wives and Friends, the General was pleafed to exempt two of them, fuch and Col. Pow-
Col. Laughorn
as the Lot ſhould ſpare; which being delivered out of a Hat by a little Child, el condemned.
fell upon Poyer, his fcroll of Paper being a Blank, the other having written in
it, Life given by the Lord. Accordingly Poyer was Executed in Covent-garden
againit Bedford- Houſe-wall, on the 25 of April, where he died in fome reluctan-
but ought nevertheless to be numbred with other Loyal Sacrifices, from
whom therefore I could not, though against order of time, disjoyn him: Nor
indeed is the thred of this Chronicle poffible to keep ſtraight, in ſuch a diver-
fity and multitude of tranfcurrencies, which weave it up and down in the va-
rious confufions of this new-fashioned State; but we ſhall now proceed more re-
gularly: Our Lords a Weſtminſter having lickt their Cub into ſome form, and
thewed us a glimpſe of its Complexion, and how like it was to its monftrous
Parent (a Rebellion) in the fhapes enfuing. Yet first we muft Northward
in our way to Scotland, and behold Pomfret-Caftle, that had held out 9 Months, Pomfret-Ca
now delivered (after much debate) to Major-General Lambert, with this
ftle delivered,
condition, That Colonel Morris the Governour, and five more, fhould be ex- Maj. Gen.
Mar. 24, to
empted from Mercy; but if they could eſcape any way, they might attempt it Lambert.
betwixt the Agreement and the Surrender; the Article to ftand force otherwife
to
<
232
Part J.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
to all purpoſes. Thefe fix divided themſelves into two parties, whereof Mor-
ris, Cornet Blackburn, and another, broke quite through the Leaguer, but the
other three were taken; the reft of the Garrifon had liberty to go home, leav
ing two Months Provifion, and fome Ammunition behind them. Lambert
was the willinger to give thefe terms, for the eafing of the Country, which
by reaſon of an Armies lying before it fo long, was wafted and exhaufted of
all provifions; who to avoid the like future inconveniencies, follicited and
procured the Demolition of that Caftle, which from the Grave of Richard the
fecond, became now the Sepulcher of departed Loyalty, whofe last efforts
Expired here, as became the repofitory of a Princes Ahes, and his Royal
Manes.
There is fomething to be faid in this place, concerning the feizing of Lieu-
John Lilburn, tenant-Colonel John Lilburn, Malter Walwyn, Mafter Prince, and others of
and ſome of his the Levelling Faction, which began now to fhew it felf in the fame riſe and
party secured. danger to the Independent Faction,as that did to the Presbyterian; but we will
take that ſtory all together: upon which account we refer the Reader likewiſe
as to the fale of the Kings Goods, Moveables, and Houfhouldftuff, now con-
demned there, to a more exact account in the year following, which begins
with the Scotch affairs.
An account of
the state of
Scotland.
i
Anno Dom. 1649.
'He Eſtates, and Parliament, and the whole Nation of Scotland, having
received Advertiſement of the horrible Murther of the King,to the impeding
whereof they had ufed what endeavour they could by their Commiffioners inter-
mediation at London,did with all manifeftation and expreffions of forrow bewail
and deplore his Death; and on the 6 of February cafuing, to teftifie the truth of
their conftant Allegiance to the Crown, did in moft folemn manner Proclaim
his Son, King Charles the ſecond, at Edingburgh, the Crofs there being hung
Charles the fe-
cond proclaim with Tapiftry, and the Parliament-Lords in their Robes, the Chancellour him-
ed King at felf reading the faid Proclamation (reciting the Murther of the King) to the
Edingburgh. King at Arms, and the night concluded with all ulual Demonftrations of joy
and gladness. This being over, the Eftates fent an expoftulatory Letter to
their former Brethren at Westminster, concerning their proceedings with the King,
and were in the mean time by Letters flattered with the cajole of good amity
and friendſhip, and other fineries from thofe Regicides, with many other flams
of advantage, if they would concur with, or acquiefce in what the Mogens of
Independency had done in England.
Parliament.
The English But the paffion of the Scot, as ſeeing how his Countries Honour had been loſt
State tampers by the fame Trayterous proffers, boiled too high, and would give no ear to ſuch
with the Scotch overtures, nor would they enter into any Treaty with them,not own them (di-
recting their Moffages to the Honourable William Lentball Speaker of the Houfe
of Commons) unless they were a free Parliament, confifting of both Houſes,
without any force upon, or feclufion of their Members.
las & fent from
The Scots were mainly intent upon anotherguefs Treaty with the King, and
Sir Jof.Doug. Sir Jofeph Douglas was ordered to be gone forthwith to give his Majefty an ac-
the Scots to the count at the Hague, what they had done, and were preparing to do; when on a
King at the
fudden fome of the Mackenzeys, a great Sept in the North of Scotland, and
Hague.
the Lord Freezer's Brother,feized Innerne for the King, and put them into per-
plexed Counfels about it: The news whereof thoſe at Weſtminſter thought a
good occation for them to lay hold upon in order to a rupture with their Kings
and when that distemper came to the Head (fome of the Goardens (whoſe Fa-
ther, the Marquefs of Huntly, was Beheaded about the beginning of March, when
he died a refolute Royalift) with Lieutenant-General Middleton, who had made
an eſcape from Barwick into thofe parts, and the Lord Rea joyning with them)
Innerneſs fei-
zed for the
King-157
they
"
1649.
233
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
ton fubmits.
milioners ent
to the King.
they failed not of doing their devoir, by offering their affiftance, and ince fi The Kings par-
the Scots against the King, for whofe fole fake they faid all thofe Troubles were, ty defeated in
and ftill were like to be raiſed and fomented; but Colonel Ker, and Straught Scotland, Feb.
the North of
defeating that party, killing 400, and taking the Lord Rea and 800 Prioners, 22. L. Rea
and Middleton fubmitting, that disturbance ended, and the Kingdom was a- taken, Middle.
gain reduced into peace and quietnefs.
The Commiffioners in the mean while were dispatched to the King, being The Scots Com-
one Earl, one Lord, one Burgeſs, and one Minitter; of which the Earl of
Caffils was the chief, and their Commiffioners at London, viz. the Earl of L-
thian, Sir John Cheifly, and Mafter Glendonning remanded; who having fent å
peremptory Paper to the Juncto, withdrew themſelves privately, intending to
pafs by Sea to Scotland; but at Gravefend they were intercepted, and by a
Guard conveyed by Land, an Envoy going with them to the Scotch Parlia-
ment, to know if they would approve of the aforefaid Paper, who ftomaching
the Rump worſe and worfe, turned him home again without any Anſwer; bur
prepared for defence, intending to Levy 17000 Foot, and 6000 Horfe, as ex-
pecting the return of their Commiffioners, who landing about the middle of
the Summer, though they brought no Confirmation of Agreement, yet gave
certain hopes of it, by Treaty prefently to be Commenced; the King offer-
ing all whatever his Father had promiſed to the fettlement of Presbytery:
whereupon the Lord Liberton was diſpatcht to wait on the King, now inten- Lord Libertori
ding to remove from the Hague through Flanders into France.
fent to the
King.
The English Army next comes under our confideration, who perceiving this The History of
Principle of the Levellers (which was to lay all things in Common, and make the Levellers.
an Hodgepodge, an Ochlarchy of Government) was very taking, and flew high
in their ſpeeches, and was higher in the Noddle of the covetous Souldier; had
ordered, That no Souldiers or Officers should keep any private Meetings, to beget
diſturbance in the Army, their right of Petitioning being ſtill preferved: whereupon
feveral Souldiers were feized, and fentenced to ride the Wooden-horſe with Pa-
pers on their Heads, and Caſhiered. Lieutenant-Colonel Lilburn, &c. as afore-
faid, was likewiſe ſeized, for a Book of his called, Englands New Chains Dif-
covered, which was the bottome and foundation of the Levellers defigne; and
one Lockier a Trooper, for promoting of the like Models, and two others, were
ſentenced by a Court-Martial; and Lockier was fhot to death accordingly in
Saint Paul's Church-yard, and moſt mptuoufly, and in great ftate, a Foot-man Leveller foot to
leading his Horſe in black after his Herfe, attended by thouſands with black death in Saint
and Sea-green Ribbons, all of his party, and fome men of note and Eftates, Paul's Church-
carried to his Grave in the New Church-yard London.
yard.
Lockier the
fervice.
Theſe appearances of danger from the fame party, whom Cromwel had uſed
as his foot-ſtep to his deſigns, lookt very untowardly upon Him and the Gran-
dees, whom this deceived people were ten times more enraged at, than ever
againſt the King. For the prevention therefore of this evil, he had timely be-
thought himself of a Remedy, the tranfporting of thefe Mutineers and Male-
contents under any Government, to the fervice of Ireland; (for which 11 Re- Eleven Regi-
giments, befides one of Dragoons under Colonel Abbot, were by lot defigned, ments designed
viz. of Horſe, Iretons, Scroops, Hortons, and Lamberts; of Foot, Eures, Cooks, by Cromwel
Hewfons, and Deans; and three new ones, viz. Cromwels, Venables, and Phayrs) for the Irish
their combining againft or difcouraging one another whereto, he had caatio-
ned before by the faid Order: but that proved the meer criſis of that diſeaſe ;
for the Army being generally infected and bewitched with the promiſes Crom-
wel himſelf and his Agents had ſpread abroad (in order to the bringing about
the death of the King) of ſharing the Kingdom among them, could not en-
dure to hear of fighting in another Country, where they were fure of hard-
ſhips and more defperate fervice, and leaving their fweets (they had already
fwallowed in their fancies) of their Conqueft here. There was one Thomp-
Son the great ringleader of them, a Cornet, who had for theſe tricks of med-
ling with Government, and other adjutating pranks, and pragmatical boldneſs
I i
to
234
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Thompſon a to his fuperior Officers, been condemned at a Council of War, and reprieved.
Cornet with 2 This fellow now with two Troops of Horfe enters Northampton, and emits a
Troops, enterS
Declaration, fhewing the Armies refolution of not going for Ireland (though
Northampton
and declares they think that Expedition in time fit to be undertaken) till thoſe main
his and the Ar- ends, the peoples Liberty, for which the Army firft engaged, fhould be fecured:
mies refolution and generally the Army was of this leven, through the licentioufnefs and into-
against that
lerable boldneſs which their Antimonarchical Leaders had trained them up in,
Expedition.
to fit them to their purpoſe.
The first formidable cruption of it was at Salisbury, where Colonel Scroop's
Several Regi- Regiment of Horfe laid afide their Officers, and with their Colours marched
ments confede- thence, in order to a conjunction with Harrisons, Iretons, and Skippons Regi-
rate in the jame
defigne. ments, who had confederated (by means of thoſe Adjutators) in the fame
defigne: which affair admitting no delay, Fairfax and Cromwel with his own
Regiment advanced to them, to Bagshot, and to Alton, where they had notice.
that they were marched to Abingdon, whither (after a tedious march of fourty
miles in one day) the General came; and Cromwel fell prefently to work with
his old arts of Treachery, for Harrison's Regiment was hafting to the Con-
junction.
Cromwel by
treachery fur-
prizeth them.
Levellers de-
ford in May.
Thompſon
and two more
Executed.
His firſt finefs in order to their reducing, was the offer of a Treaty, where-
in fatisfaction might be mutually given; and that done, that neither party fhould
come within ten miles of one another : whereupon the Levellers marched to
Burford, and being oppofed at a Pafs called Newbridge over the River, to avoid
any quarrel, and hoping the Souldiery there would no doubt joyn with them up-
on the Treaty, paffed a mile lower, and arriving at the Town, relied fo much
upon the Generals and Cromwels engagements, that moſt of them had put their
Horfes to Grafs, leaving a Corps de guard of fome 60 men, the whole party
making in all 900 men, confifting of 12 entire Troops, reputed the beſt in the
Army, and whofe defeat would have colt many men lives, if the Army would
have ſtood againſt them. But to fave that difficulty, while thofe fecure Troops
were refting themſelves, and their Horfes put in the adjoyning Meadows, a-
bout twelve a clock at night Colonel Reynolds fell into their Quarters, having
feated at Bur- notice from fome Traytors within of their pofture, and prefently mastered the
Guard, not dreaming of fuch a Camifado, and ſeized moſt of the other, then
tipling or afleep. Here were taken neer 900 Horfe, and 400 Prifoners, where-
of there onely were Executed one Thomp and two more, who died very re-
folutely: Cornet Den expreffing his grief and forrow, was reprieved at the in-
ftant of Execution, which their fellows beheld from the Leads of the Church,
and were faluted with a Meffage of Decimination: but that Cromwel might
ingratiate with the Army, for his fake, and at his inftance they were pardoned,
Their Chieftain and fent home to their own Houfes; the great Chieftain of them being purſued
flain in Wel- as he was marching towards this party, took into Wellingborough-wood, where
lingborough couragiously defending himſelf, he was killed by Carbine-fhot, refufing to take
wood. Quarter at fuch perfidious peoples hands. This Hurliburly being over, and en-
Fairfax com- ded like a flaſh, the General came to Oxford, where he was highly Treated,
plemented at
and he and Oliver made Doctors of the Civil Law, and Lambert, &c. and Hew-
Oxford, and
Oxtain. Son made Mafter of Arts: from thence having intelligence of the like commo-
treated at Din-
ner in the City tions feared in Portſmouth and the Isle of Wight, he hafted thither through
Hampshire, and was received every where in great ſtate, and ſo back in tri-
umph to London, where he was complemented by the Parliament and City, the
laft inviting both to Dine with them at Grocers-hall, where they had a very Mag-
nificent Entertainment. Fairfax (as their farewel-complement ) being pre-
They prefent
Fairfax and fented with a Baſon and Ewer of Beaten Gold, and Cromwel with 300 pounds
Cromwel with worth of Plate, and 200 pieces of Gold; and great rejoycing there was, and
fmiling too, at this the Cities kindness; whofe Proclaiming of the Act for abo-
liſhing the Kingly power having touched before, I think I am not obliged to
the worth or worshipfulness of the matter, to fay any thing more of it here in
its place; but in lieu thereof, will pleaſure the Reader with a contra-afpect in
of London.
Gold and
Plate.
this
1
1649.
235
England, Scotland and Ireland.
this Archive and Premier Record of Englands being a Free-State Created
byt hele Hogen Mogen words.
Be it Enacted and Declared by this prefent Parliament, and by the Authority there-
of, that the People of England, and all the Dominions andTerritories thereunto be-
longing, are and fhall be, and are hereby Conftituted, Made, and Declared a Com-
monwealth, and Free-State, and shall fo be Governed by the Supreme Authority the
Representatives of the people in Parliament, and by fuch as they shall conftitute as a Free-State,
Officers for the good of the people, and that without any King, Single Perſon, or June.
House of Lords.
:
England made
And for the Honour and Grace of this Free-State, a new Mace was now A new Mace
made, and brought to be Confecrated in the Houfe, wrought with Flowers in- made.
ftead of the Crols, and on the bottome and the top, the Arms of England and
Ireland; which was fo well liked, that they ordered all the Maces in England
ſhould be made after that pattern. But that which they did moſt like a Free-
State, was giving and bounteouſly beftowing Eſtates upon one another for be-
ĥides ſmaller Rents and leffer Sums, kindly (quandered and reciprocated among
the Journey-men by themſelves; no less than 4000 a year was given to Fairfax, 4000 l. a year
out of the Duke of Buckingham's Revenues; the Lord Cottington's Eftate to Brad- out of the D. of
Shaw, and ſo to other their deferving Favorites. And to requite the City for Eſtate, given to
their civility of the late Treatment, and to engage them at a pinch; New-park Fairfax.
with all the Deer therein, was liberally conferred upon them, to hold it in Com- Lord Cotting-
mon Soccage, [from any body; a very excellent Tenure and Title. ]
Buckinghams
ton's Eſtate to
Bradshaw.
Several Act's
to raise money.
Great givers must be great receivers, and therefore, befides their tormer Act
of felling the Kings Houfhold-goods (which was pretended to fatisfie his Debts,
but fuch Creditors as ventured upon them, found them dear pennyworths, not
onely in conclufion, but for the prefent, being rated and prized fo unreaſonably,
that 100 l. in goods would not yield above ten in money) There came out an
Act for the fale of Deans and Chapters Lands, the product whereof (though
encumbred with Debentures) amounted to a clear account of incredible fums;
and another for the fale of the Mannors, Houſes, Lands, and Forrefts of the
King, Queen, or Prince: but White-ball (for that it was the refidence of my
Lords the Committee of Eftates) Saint James's and Windfor-Caſtle were by them
excepted; and Cromwel for a pleaſant retreat for his future greatness, faved Hamp-
ton-Court and Greenwich; and the French-Church, having obtained the ufe of the
Chappel of Somerſet-bouſe, reſcued that likewiſe from fale, becauſe the Purchafers
could not build upon the ground with any conveniencie, if that were not de-
moliſhed. But the grand money-making Act, the very Mint of their Com-
monwealth, was an Act of the 7th of April, for 90000l. a Month, which roſe
higher afterwards, though in the middle of the War it was never more than
56000, and there were three Armies in pay; but it feems the good Husbands
had accounted, and then publiſhed it, that the Monthly charge was 160000
pound, and that the ſtanding force amounted to 40000 men in England and
Ireland. About this time feveral Inland Caftles were demolished, as Winchester, Several caftlei
Lancaſter, Belvoir, Nottingham, &c. and fome reparations made to the feveral demolished.
Proprietors.
It will be requifite now to enquire what and how the King doth, fince we short account
left him at the Hague, while his Rebels rant it away in ſuch ample manner, and of the King at
carry all before them. 'Tis true, he wanted not a Kingdom, being lookt upon the Hague.
by the people of thoſe United Provinces with the fame refpect as if he were
their Soveraign, nor did they fail of giving manifeft demonſtration thereof. His
Fathers Death was with all State Condoled, and his afcent to the Throne Gra-
tulated, and that moreover both by the Swedish and Danish Embaſſadors, then
refident at that Court; efpecially the Prince of Aurange by his reſpects and ob-
fervance, obliged all perfons to the reverence of his Perfon, as if no fuch misfor-
tunes had befallen him; nor could any thing but a vertuous tempered minde
Ii 2
( amidſt
2
1
236
Part J.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
1
?
1
1
I
:
Salmafius
Dies in the
Kings defence.
Is dijered by
anfuered
Milton the
libwije an-
fwered His
Majelis Me-
ditations,
which Anwer
was fince burn
ed by the com-
mon Hang-man
The condition
bis Niajelty
was in at the
Hague.
( amidſt ſuch careffes and Honours) been fenfible of fo fadden, fo dif-regard-
ed and diſcountenanced adverfity. To better alfo his condition as to his King-
doms, came forth feveral defences of his Authority in feveral Treatifes, efpe-
cially that of Salmafius called The Royal Defence (which one Milton, fince
tricken with blindneſs cavilled at, who wrote alfo againft that imcomparable
Book and Remains of King Charles the Martyr, about this time produced to
light, though endeavoured by all means to be fuppreft, called Eikon Bafilike, in
an impudent and Blaſphemous Libel, called Iconoclastes, ſince deſervedly burnt
by the Common Executioner) doth juftly challenge to be here Regitred.
Thus He triumpht by the Pen, and great were the expectations of his like fuc-
cefs by the Sword, Scotland being wholely his, and Ireland very neer reduced
to the fame obedience; the affairs of both which Kingdoms calling him away,
He refolved to depart from this His long-continued abode, and after mature con-
fultations with the Princes His Allyes, and His neerer Relations, His difconfo-
late Mother then in France, to determine to which Realm He fhould firft be-
take Him: but before His departure, fell out this remarkable paffage at His
Court at the Hague.
One Doctor Doriflaus a Dutch-man and School. Mafter that fled his Coun-
try, and here became a Civilian, then pertainer to the University of Oxford,
and a Profeffor there, but difappointed of his ambitious expectations, in the
beginning of the War became the Parliaments Judge-Advocate in their Army,
and at the expiration thereof, by his acquaintance with Sir Henry Mildmay, a
great Enemy to (though raiſed by) the King (at whoſe Houſe in Effex, he
ordinarily played at Cards on Sundays) was promoted to the Employment of
drawing up that Charge againſt the King; and the rather, for that no Engliſh-
man durft finde or make a way to that illegal and unprecedented butinefs. Af-
ter that perpetration, he was thought the onely fit man to be fent over as an
Envoy to his Country-men, to profecute the defigns of that Fact, which would
look the handfomer to them, by this their Subjects hand in it (though he durft
not have appeard there but in the quality of a Forrain Minifter.) He arrived
there in May, and the firft night, as he was at Supper there, one Colonel W'hit-
ford a Scotch-man (then attending the Kings Court) with fome twelve other
Royaliſts, regretting and dildaining the affront done to the King, by the im-
pudent boldness of this Fellows addreſs in the Face of His Majefty; entred his
Dr. Doriflaus Lodging, and with a broad Sword cleaved his Head and killed him, fuffering
their Envoy to his Page to efcape, but by a mistake, wounding another Dutch-man for him at
the Effates Ge. their firit coming in; and having done the deed, quietly departed: and though
nevat killed at the States pretended a Hue and Cry, yet the people were generally well fatif-
nied, and applauded the Execution; but our States here were outragiously mad,
and publiſhed a Paper, wherein they imputed this Fa& to the Royaliſts, and
upon the next occation threatned to retaliate it upon thoſe of that party then in
their Hands: yet Afcham their Agent and Envoy to Spain fo me. time after, with
his Interpreter Signour Riba, was ſerved in the fame manner, at his arrival at
by one Sparks, Madrid, in his Inn, by one Sparks, and other English Merchants, upon the fame
who was there- Account: Sparks fled to the Venetian Embaſſadors, and thence to Sanctuary s
fore Executed. but by the fubule Don,to curry with our Maſters,then dreadful to his Plate-trade,
and for other defigned advantages, was at their important inftance taken thence,
and with all mens pitty and indignation at the meanness of the Spaniard, there-
aftei Executed.
the Hague.
May.
Aſcham their
Envoy to
Spam killed
Parts for
}
King Charles
The King on the 15 of June departed from the Hague, in company with
the fecond de his Sifter and her Husband the Prince of Aurange in their Coach, and came car-
France, June, ly to Rotterdam, where the Burgers were in Arms, and was Nobly received
and faluted at his paffing the Gates with all the Artillery, and Ringing of the
Beils, and other fignes of Joy and Honour; though the English Company there
durft not (as of themſelves) give any particular proof thereof. From thence
to Dart, where he was received in the fame ample manner; and then to Breda,
and fo to Antwerp, where by the Arch-Dukes order he was met and entertained
with
*
し
​1
}
!
1649.
England, Scotland and Ireland..
237
ted by the.
with all poflible ſtate, and prefented with a moſt ſplended Chariot, with eight
Horfes futable, and particularly welcomed by the Marquefs of Newcastle (wo
had fixed his Refidence there, out of refpect to the great Civility he found from
that people, who made him Excife-free, with other immunities and priviled-
ges and thence conducted to Bruffels, where his Treatments were mott Royal-
ly ordered (as the King afterwards acknowledged, tor the molt fumptuous mag- The King mag-
nificency and pleafing variety He ever met with) and with the fame gran- nificently trea-
deurs as if the King of Spain had received them himself: which Amplitudes Arch-Duke.
were, obferved throughout his paffage; and at his departure thence, the Duke of
Lorrain gave him the like entertainment, and conveyed him on his way to
France, where in Compeigne the French King ( accompanied with the moſt and
chiefett of his Nobility) received him with all the Teftimonies of affection
and Flonour, and brought him in State to Saint Germains to the Queen his Mo-
ther, where we will leave him in Counſel with his fureft and moft beloved friends.
The Dutchefs of Savoy his Aunt, having made him an allignment of 50000 Savoy affignes
The Dutches of
Crowns a year; and feveral the like proffers from others of his Family: while him socoo
His Brother the Duke of Gloucester, and the Princess Elizabeth, were transfer- crowns per
red from the Earl of Northumberland's, to the care of the Countefs of Leicester Ann.
at Penshurst, with the maintenance of 3000 a year, which was afterwards lef- Duke of Glou-
fened when they came into the cuftody of Anthony Mildmay at Carisbroke in Prince Eliz.
the Isle of Wight, there being a bold but credible rumour of a refolution of at Penshurst,
our States putting the Duke to a Merchant or ſome other Trade.
S
cester and the
with the CouR-
cefter.
ther.
The Commonwealth of England was now wholly bufied about the affairs of teß of Lei-
Ireland; which proving very defperate, Colonel Monk, lately difmift from his The affairs of
Impriſonment in the Tower, upon account of his fervice in this Kingdom Ireland fum
(having vowed never to draw a "Sword against the King in England) was or- med up toge-
dered privately to joyn with Owen O Neal, and the Nuntio party, the bloo- Note, they tax-
dieft of all the Rebels, to prefèrve what was yet left the Parliament (of which ed the King
more hereafter) and in the mean time, all poffible ſpeed was made for the Ex- with what
pedition hence; money was mainly wanting, and therefore the City was de- themſelves were
fired to lend 120000 1. upon the fecurity of the Act of 90000l. per menſem ; but guilty.
that not proving fatisfactory, the Act for the fale of Dean and Chapters-lands,
then greedily bought up by old Arrears, Debentures, and Doublings, was offer-
ed, and additional Acts for removing of Obftructions were paffed, and fums of
money to be raiſed thereupon fecured for the fame: Lieutenant-General Crom- Cromwei Vo-
wel was complemented with the Command, which after fome debate he accep- ted Lord-Go-
ted, and was voted Lord-Governour of Ireland, Fairfax yet continuing Gene- vernour of Ire-
ral in both Kingdoms.
Litut. Gen.
land.
Towards the fecond of July, moſt of the Army defigned for that fervice, The Parl. Ar-
was drawn to the Sea-fide, and Colonel Fenables Regiment ſhipped over, with my biot from
fome 1500 more, which (with Tuthills Regiment newly landed before) made Milford-Ha-
Jones the Governour of Dublin 7000 ftrong, with which he attempted feve- ven to Wales:
⚫ral times againſt the Marquefs of Ormond, with little and various fuccefs. On
the 13 of August, Cromwel having paffed to Bristol, and by reafon of cross wea-
ther compelled to go for his paffage to Milford-Haven, with a Fleet of 60
Dutch and Engliſh Bottoms, fet fail, and the next day after landed at Dublin : Cromwel
his whole Force with Jones, now made his Lieutenant-General, amounting to lin.
lands at Dub.
15000 men.
It will be how very neceffary to give an account of the ftate of that Kingdom:
and becauſe it is the firft atchievement of the New State,it fhall be rendred entire,
without any interfering affair; though without any other Apology; it will take
up the moſt part of the remaining year: The Relation whereof we have from
an Actor and Eye-Witnefs there, as he hath moft elegantly and orderly laid it
down, worthy of all belief, and even pleaſant in the ruines he deplores's who
with many other Loyal English Gentry having eſcaped or left England to the
barbarities of the Ufurpation, joyned with the more civiller Irith, and purſued
the Kings Cauſe in this, another of his Kingdoms.
The
?
}
{
238
The State of the
Kingdom of
Ireland.
The English
Roman Catho-
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
The Marquess of Ormond Lord-Lieutenant of that Kingdom, being, preſt
with the danger of.a Siege from the Roman-Catholick-Confederates, who had
broken their League and Treaty with him, had delivered Dublin, as aforefaid,
in 1647. to the Parliaments Commiffioners, having articled for his free paffing
to the King, and for thoſe fums of money he had expended for the English In-
tereft out of his own private purfe, when that Exchecquer was drained; and
accordingly having waited on the King, while the Army carried him about,
with an account of his Actions, paffed into France, whence about September,
1648. the faid Catholick Confederates perceiving a ftorm impending on them
from England, had by Letters to the King importuned His refending to them,
upon their Engagement and Proteftation of plenary fubmiffion to his Majefties
and defire the Authority, and to him as his Lieutenant, as being the onely fit qualified perſon,
Marq of Or- for his Intereft, Birth, and Relation, to prefide in that Nation. His Lordship
their General. accordingly undertook the Commiffion; and though all things promiſed fair,
by the agreement made with the Lord Inchiqueen, who had had feveral fuc-
ceffes against the Rebels, and had joyned Forces with the ſaid Confederates, yet
did the Popish and Nuntio Party under General O Neal,'very much perplex the
hopes of thefe Affairs.
likes declare
for the King,
mond may
be
Au Affociation
with O Neal,
by Sir Charles
Coot, and Col.
Monke, then
in Arms for the
Parliament.
The Confode.
rates and the
Lord Inchi-
queens Forces
do not brook
one another.
For this Nantie Party had Excommunicated the Confederates, which con-
fifted of mott ot the old English Papifts, and fome Irish, who wifely forefaw
their further obstinacy against the King or the Proteftant Intereft would final-
ly give them up a prey to the Engliſh ufurpation (which yet fatally evened)
which had made an affociation by Cromwel's practifes with the faid O Neal,
with Sir Charles Coot and Colonel Monke, then in Arms in Ulfter for the Par-
liament. On the other fide, the Confederates had Proclaimed the Nuntio
party Rebels and Traytors, and were making ready to Reduce them by
torce.
Their ftrength and the Lord Inchiqueens, with additions from the Marquefs
of Clanrickard and the Earl of Castlehaven, being now joyned under the Com-
mand of the Marquefs of Ormond, though upon hard reftrictions and condi-
tions, as it was very difficult for him to divide himſelf conveniently betwixt
thoſe two former oppofite Interefts; the English under Inchiqueen grudging at
the Exercife of the Romish Religion among the Irish, and they at the conftan-
cy of the Engliſhes pay and contribution; the Lord-Lieutenant had little elſe
to do, but onely go in and out before this Army, without any power or Autho-
rity, more than they themselves pleafed to allow the fource and occafion of
all thofe miſchiefs which thereafter followed thick upon theſe illafſociated and
miſunderſtanding parties. For the Lord-Lieutenant having drawn down their
united Bodies as foon as there was Forrage for his Horſe, and fome advance-mo-
ney in the beginning of the year 1649. to the reduction of Dublin, having in
vain Courted Jones the Governour there, and Owen O Neal, to the Kings
figne to reduce Obedience: In the very entrance of the Expedition, an ominous Rub befel him;
Inchiqueen's Forces would not march, nor the Scotch-Ulfter Forces (then ad-
vanced alſo to the aid of the ſaid Union } unanimouſly ſubmit before the Lord
Inchiqueen was Declared Lieutenant-General of the Army, to the diffatisfaction
of the Marquefs of Clanrickard and the Earl of Castlebaven; though the
former made his merit and Honour prefently yield to his Loyalty, and
the other very patiently (for a while) abſented himſelf from the marching
Army.
they with the
Marq of Clan-
rickard, and
the E. of Ca-
ftlehaven de-
Dublin.
Lord Inchi-
queen Lieu.
Gen. for the
King.
ONeal joyas
with the Inde-
pendent party.
In the time that this was in doing, the Lord-Lieutenant was alfo bufied
in Treating with, and Courting Jones and Owen O Neal unto the Kings Obe-
dience; the firft of which (being as is believed). corrupted by Cromwels bribes,
and large promiſes, pofitively declined the Lord-Lieutenants favour, as appears
by their Printed Letters: the latter having at laſt waved all things concerning
Religion, more than what was granted in the Peace,infifts finally upon the Com-
mand of 6000 Foot, and Ɛoo Horfe, together with thofe other conditions that
fince were granted him. The Confederate Commiffioners will permit his Ex-
cellency
7
A
1649.
239
England, Scotland and Ireland.
7
I
cellency to allow him no more but 4000 Foot, and 800 Horfe; which number
they obftinately refufed to exceed, denying him alfo feveral other of his Lair de-
mands: whereupon 0 Neal feeing them willing to leave him quite out, or to
have him come in upon fuch terms as he judged inconfiderable (they peradven-
ture thinking themfelvs able to do the work without him) makes preſent
application unto Monke, and Jones, either to be revenged upon the Commillio-
ners, the Lord Inchiqueen, the Scots, and all the reft that he conceived to op-
poſe him; or elſe, as he afterwards faid, to make himfelf more confiderable,
and thereby facilitate his conditions with them.
Col. Monke
lieves Lon-
don-Derry.
Whatſoever his motive was, at laft Colonel Monke makes an agreement with
him, in the name of the Parliament (though they very wifely by Cromwels ad- agrees with
vice did afterwards think fit to diſclaim it, becauſe of its ill afpect and odioufnels him.
to the Engliſh, but acknowledged his faithfulneſs and well-meaning by a Vote
to that purpofe) upon which fcore how foever, he affifted them all he could, un-
dertaking the Relief of Derry, which he afterwards (ffected; and notwithftan- O Neal Rɛ-
ding that his Excellency (during all this time) was very fenfible of the great
confequence of Owen O Neal's coming in, or ftanding out, in order to the fer-
vice or differvice of the King; and that he looked upon the difpute of deny-
ing him the Command of 6000 men, when they were content to intru him
with 4000, as a ftrange kinde of overfight in the Commiffioners, and the reft
concurring with them, the rather, becauſe he knew that by his ftanding out,that
accurfed quarrel between the Kings and the Nunties party(not unlike that of the The ill confe
Guelphs and Gibbelines in Italy) was kept on foot, the refractory Clergy were quence thereof
countenanced and upheld in credit with the people, and the great Cities were to the Kings
animated to refuſe Garrifons, to deny the payment of impofitions, and to dif- affairs.
reſpect both the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commiffioners: yet was it not in his
power to help it by any means, unlefs he would have broken Conditions with
the Confederates, which no confideration of any advantage (how great foever)
could induce him to do.
Dublin, Aug.
Other difficulties overcome, his Excellency makes directly for Dublin, all the
Garriſons in his way (but Ballifanon) by force or fair means furrendring un-
to him; yet is he ſet forth fo flenderly provided with money, that neer Kildare
the Army is ready to mutiny, and fall to pieces for want of a very ſmall fum,
had not a worthy perfon ( that was there but accidentally) ſupplied them in
that extremity. This freight alfo being over-paft, and the Lord Inchiqueen's
Forces being come wholly up, they hold on for Dublin, and compel Jones ( that The Marqueßof
was drawn out as far as the Naus, with what ftrength he could make to inter- Ormond
rupt them) to retire into the Town: whither being come at laft, and find- comes before
ing it competently well fortified, and plentifully man'd, both with Horfe and
Foot, infomuch that it was judged no ways fit to hazard the Army upon a deſ-
perate affault; and being not as yet a number able to inveft the place, eſpecially
whilft O Neal and Monke, together with the Garrifons of Drogheda and Trim
lay fo convenient to attempt upon them: it was refolved that the Lord-Lieu-
tenant fhould (with the greateft part of his Army) Encamp at Finglaffe, from
thence to awe and diſtreſs the Town, and be ready to countenance any ftirs or
revolts within, whilft the Lord Inchiqueen with a great Body of Horfe, and
above 2000 Foot, endeavours to take in Trim and Drogheda. All this time his
Excellency found great wants to encounter with, his Provifions and Contribu-
tions coming in fo flowly, and difproportionably to the neceffities of his Army;
and many Factions to compofe and temper; the Munter and the reft of the
Engliſh Forces murmuring againſt the Liberty the Iriſh had there in the exerciſe
of their Religion, and the Irish again repining to fee themſelves murmured
at; but more efpecialy, to fee the English Munster-Forces (though they were
fewer in number, and had Contributions of their own) to fwallow up both
their Pay, and Provifions alfo; which though the reft of the Army did Petition
againft, his Excellency could in no ways remedy, being conftrained to humor
and comply with that party, as being a people fo tickliſh, and unſteady, that if
difgufted,
:
i.
1
240
Sir Thomas
Armfrong,
Col. Trevors,
and the Lord'
and the Lord
Moor declare
for the King.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part I.
difgufted, might probably either fide with Jones, or retiring to their own
Garrisons, compel the Army to withdraw from Dublin, by declaring them-
felves for the Parliament, of which Grudge flightly hinted before.
Sir Thomas Armstronge and the Lord Moor, being come in to the Lord Inchi-
queen; Colonel Mark Trevors (that was but newly declared for the King) having
got notice of a choice party of O Neals, fent to Dundalke, to convey thence
fuch Arms and Ammunition as Monke had undertaken to fupply him withal,
invited the Lord Inchiqueen to intercept them, who came fo opportunely thi-
ther, that he gained O Neals fupply of Ammunition, with the utter defeat of
his Party; whereupon, foon after the gaining of Drogheda, which enfued im-
O Neal defea- mediately upon O Neales defeat, Dundalke it ſelf being fummoned, the Soul-
ted, Drogheda diers compelled Monke to a Surrender, and themfelves took Arms for the
taken, Dun-
King.
dalke furren-
dred to the
King.
His Majefties
Prefence moft
neceſſary and
most defired in
Ireland.
Immediately after this defeat of his Party, O Neale haftneth towards the
Relief of Derry, which was the onely Town in that Province untaken, all the
reft being already reduced by the Lord of Ards, Sir George Monro, and Colonel
Trevors, who were now hindered onely by O Neales Army and the Siege of
Derry, from bringing up a confiderable Body of Horfe and Foot to the Leaguer
of Dublin. Where may be, obferved how great a prejudice the Faction of
thoſe men (who defiring out of animofities and ends of their own, to ftave
off O Neal and his party from the benefit of the Peace, flood chaffering with him
about his Command of 4000, or 6000 men, and other trifles) have done to
the Kings ſervice, and to the whole Kingdom, in depriving themſelves thereby,
not onely of the forementioned affiftance of the Scots, but alſo of the poffeffion
of London-Derry, together with fo confiderable an addition of Forces, as O Neal
could then have brought; whereby not onely the whole Province of Ulfter would
have been ſecured to the King; but Dublin it ſelf either reduced, or fo ftrongly
furrounded, that it would have been impoffible, either for Jones to relieve him-
felf, or Cromwel to invade the Kingdom: Which, notwithſtanding all theſe
forementioned difadvantages, was upon the matter, even gained already, and
would have been entirely, without any manner of queſtion, if it had fortuned
that His Majefty had ſeaſonably come thither himſelf in Perfon, which by all
parties was defired with infinite paffion, bus cfpecially by thofe whoſe prudence
made them beſt able to Judge, how effectual his prefence would be, not onely
for the animating of his own Loyal Party but alſo fuppreffing of all Factious
humours, and uniting all Interefts chearfully and unanimoufly to go on againſt
the common Enemy: which muft foon have put a period to that War, and
made his Authority abfolute in that Kingdom, without difpute; for as upon
his arrival His Majefty ſhould have found Munfter entirely in the Iriſh and the
Lord Inobiqueens poffeffion, Ulfter all reduced, but the Fort of Culmore and
Derry into the Hands of the Scots; Connaght by the Marquefs of Clanricards
fortunate gaining the ftrong Fort of Slego (with what elfe the Enemy had then
remaining in that Province) wholly cleared: In Leinster, nothing left for Re-
bellion to neftle in, but Dublin and Ballifannen; both which were fo well at-
tended upon, that the Defendants had but little pleafure to air themſelves
without the circuit of their Works: fo by his coming he would undoubtedly
have diverted Owen O Neal (who would immediately have fubmitted unto
the perſon of the King) from relieving London-Derry, and thereby have ſecured
both that Town and Province, with Dublin alſo, as it is thought: for they that
had reaſon to know Jones's minde, apprehended that his leaving the Kings
party did proceed from a Pique, either against the Lord-Lieutenant or Sir Ro-
bert Byron, about a Lieutenant-Colonels place, which was conferr'd over his
head upon another; and that then the Scene being altered in England, and his
old Friends out of Authority there, his new terms with the Independents allo
yet unmade, he himſelf would come over, if the King had been there in perſon ;
or if not, yet his Party would have all deferted him, and the work have been
done one way or other, that Kingdom wholly reduced without a blow, all
Factions
}
ם - * *
1649.
2
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
Factions (as I faid before) extinguifhts and his Majefty had had an Army of
above 20000 men, to have employed where he pleaſed.
Atter the taking in of Trim (which followed foon upon the furrender of
Dundalke) the Lord Inchiqueen brings up his Forces (now much improved
in number) to the Army before Dublin; whereupon his Excellency leaving a
part of his Army at Cafleknock, under the command of the Lord Dillon of C.-
Stelo (a perfon of much Gallantry) to keep them in on that fide the Water;
removes his Camp to the other fide the Town, to diſtreſs the Enemy that way
allo: Which, whilft they are endeavouring to do (upon intelligence that
Crommel was ready with an Army to Embark himſelf for Ireland, and that he
intended to land in Munster) the Lord Inchiqueen thought it fit, that he ſhould
with a good party of Horſe go down into thoſe parts, to ſecure his Garriſons
and provide for the worlt.
Aug.
His Lordship was no fooner gone, but the Lord-Lieutenant deligning to fhut The Siege of
up the Enemy within his Works, and quite impede as well their getting in Hay, Dublin by the
as the Grating of their Cattel without their Line; gave order to Patrick Pur- Kings Forces,
cell, Major-General of the Irish Foot, to march with a fufficient Party of men
and an Engineer to Baggot Rath, there to poffefs himſelf of that place imme-
diately, and caft up fuch a Work as had been already defigned: Sir William
Vaughan Commiflary-General of the Horſe, had order likewife to draw toge-
ther most part of the Troops that were on that fide the Water, and to keep
them in a Body upon a large plowed Field looking towards the Caftle of Dub-
lin, there to countenance the Foot while the Works were finiſhing, and to fecure
them in cafe the Enemy (out of the Town) fhould attempt to interrupt
them. Theſe were the Orders given, but not executed: for notwithſtanding
it did not much exceed a mile whither the Foot were to go, yet through the
ignorance or negligence of the Officers that were to conduct them, many
hours were ſpent ere they came at the place: whither when they were come,
they found the Work fo wretchlctly advanced by Mafter Welsh the Engineer,
and (to help all) themselves kept fuch negligent Guards, that many judged it
was done on purpoſe; and that theſe neglects proceeded from thoſe lurking
feeds of difcord between the Kings and the Nantie's Parties: For it is certain,
that about that time, upon an apprehenfion that things went on too profpe-
roudly with the Lord Lieutenant, there were Letters written to Owen O Neal
about broaching a New War, in caſe Dublin had been taken. Whatever the
grounds of theſe failings were, the Enemy never food to examine, but being
troubled to ſee a Fort defigning there, (where, with fo much eafe they might
not onely be kept from all Forrage and fuccour by Land, but intercourfe with
the Sea alfo) and perceiving the pofture they were in, deftitute of Horſe to
Guard them, refolved upon a deſperate Sally to diſturb this Work, which they.
happened to make about eight of the clock in the morning, when his Excellen-
cy who had been on horſe-back moſt part of the night (as his conftant cuſtom
was fince his coming neer Dublin) was newly laid him down in his
Tent to take his reft, however the Westminster-Scandals of thoſe days did aſperſe
him.
The Enemy found the new Fortification fo flight, and the refiftance there Dublin Relie-
weak, that they foon became Mafters of the place; from whence feeing the ved by a fally
Trifh fly in fuch fright and diſorder (contrary to their first intentions) they the Forces of
purſued them up to the Avenues of their Camp, where finding the Souldiers the Gaivion
alfo that were in Guard with great fecurity and unconcernment looking on, made, Aug.22.
they laid hold on the advantage, Charging briskly in,and in a trice beat them off
their Pofts; which if they had defended (as a far lefs number might very cafily
have done) the Camp being no way acceffible towards the Town (excepting
by thoſe few Avenews which there purpoſely had been left open, nay fome ot
them thrown open (contrary to orders) for the conveniency of the Souldiers)
they could poſſibly have run no hazard.
But thefe Paffes being thus loft and abandoned, and more men coming out of
K k
the
1
མ
',
242
The Marq. of
Ormond rout-
ed before Dub-
lin, Aug. a.
Sir William
Vaughan lain,
Col. Butler
and Col. Wo.
gan taken pri-
foners.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
the Town to re-inforce thoſe that were already fo fuccefsful, the whole Army
(in the greatest terrour and confufion that might be ) falis a running every one
a feveral way and in this condition were all things brought, before the Lord
Taafe, then General of the Ordnance, had awaked the Lord-Lieutenant, who
prefently taking Horfe, together with the Lord Caftlehaven (who was now re-
turned back to his Command) and Colonel Milo Power, made towards the
Enemy, taking all ſuch along with them, as they could either by force or fair
means perfwade to face about, with intention to beat them back, or at leaſt,
by making head a while, to ſtop their progreſs, till fome confiderable part of
the Army could be Rallied and brought up again to oppoſe them: But by that
time they came neer the Enemy, their followers were grown fo thin, that his
Excellency (after the having expofed himſelf to much danger, and received
a fhot upon his Arms, in a brisk Charge that he made upon the foremoſt of the
Enemies Troops) was fain to retire at laft, and feek to recover his Army that
was gone before; Sir William Vaughan being already killed, his Brother Co-
lonel Richard Butler taken, and the whole Camp in effect abandoned, except
by thoſe that could not get them ready, or wanted means of flying. This was
fought on the ſecond of August.
Thus, befides the flaughter that was made, and the Prifoners that were taken,
one of which, was the lot of moft of the English that were under the Com-
mand of Colonel Wogan, ( whoſe behaviour that day deſerves much commen-
dation) who having gotten together into a ſmall Body, defended themſelves
ſo gallantly, and with ſo much refolution against the whole power of the Ene-
my, as at laſt, after a great flaughter, the relt made Conditions tor themſelves
before they could be inforced to yield or lay down their Arms.) The total plun-
der of the Camp, with all the Artillery, Tents and Baggage fell into the Ene-
mies hands. Moft of the Lord Inchiqueens Foot, that at firft made ſome refi-
ftance, feeing the day loft, upon this difafter changed fides, and revolted to
the Enemy. All this was done in fo fhort a ſpace, and with fo little noiſe,
that the Lord Dillon, and the reft of the Forces that were on the other fide the
River of the Liffy, knew nothing of what was done, til the buſineſs was over,
and fome runaways brought him word of it; the Iriſh making ſuch haft every
one towards his home, and with fuch diſtraction, that it was impoffible for the
Lord-Lieutenant to draw any Body of them together; and therefore ( having
met with the news of the Surrender of Ballijannon (that very day) into the
mond takes hands of his Forces that lay before it) he retted at Caterlo that night, and went
the next day to confer with the Commiſſioners of Trust and the Lord Inchiqueen
at Kilkenny.
Marq. of Or-
Ballifannon
for the King.
A juft deplora-
tion of this ca-
lamity.
O Neal re-
lieves Coot.
The Plague in
the Loyal Pro-
vinces of Ire-
land.
When this great difafter is well confidered, fcarce any other found reaſon
can be given for ſo ſad a misfortune, but the good pleaſure of Almighty God,
who (if it be lawful to look ſo far into the Judgements of Heaven) knowing
the ill intentions and defignes that were in the Hearts of many, both of the
Irish and English there, in cafe Dublin had been taken, ſaw them unworthy
of that Bleffing, and took that time for their punishment and humiliation; not
onely this, but a torrent of other croffes following in the neck one upon ano-
ther for befides this miſchance before Dublin, to the ruine of fo great an Ar
my, about which fame time O Neal Relieves Coot in London- Derry, to the im
mediate loſs of that Province, and the future fcourge of his own followers:
Not long before likewife the Plague was brought by a Ship out of Spain into
Galloway, and befides the havock it made in that Town, fo difperft ic felf over
all the Province of Connaught, that the Lord Marquels of Clanrickard being
deprived, through the Calamities that were upon that Town and Country
both of Money and Means to march withal, could not for many Months draw
his Army together, either to act any thing alone, or joyn with any other,
for fear left by that means the Plague that had made fuch ſpoil while
they were aſunder, fhould Mow them down now when they were all toge-
ther.
This
1649.
243
England, Scotland and Ireland.
This rout at Dublin, the Relief of Derry, and the Plague, might be thought
competent afflictions to be caft upon a people fo impoverished, and a Kingdom
ſo waſted before; yet this fufficeth not, there are heavier loffes yet to follow,
and a worſe Peſtilence to land fhortly at Dublin, that will fweep away their
Men and Towns together. But here you may júftly interrupt me, and fay, thát
though it must be confeffed, that whatfoever befals us in this Vale of mifery is to
be attributed to the Hand of Heaven, or the permiffion at leaſt of the Divine
Providence (into the Reaſons of whofe fecret and hidden Counfels our weak
capacities are unable to fearch) yet nevertheless, thofe vifible caufes whereby
we draw misfortunes upon our felves, by fuch who through neglect of their
Duty, and diſobedience to their Superiours, are apparently the Authors there-
of, ought not to pafs unpunifhed; and therefore you fee no reaſon why thofe
were not called to an account, that deſerved it both by their cowardiſe, and ſo
(hameful omiffion of their Duty, as could admit of no excufe.
Ormond not
But when you ſhall be pleaſed to reflect upon what I faid before, that the The Marq. of
Lord-Lieutenant Commanded this Army, and indeed the Kingdom, but as it able to puniſh
were upon courteſie, all his Authority in effect confifting in the awing one Fa- the cowardife
ction with another, the beſt of which he found to be on ſo uncertain and un- and treachery
fetled terms, that you will I doubt not when you reflect upon it eaſily grant, of the Parties.
that the Lord-Lieutenant could not in prudence do an act that was likely to
give fo great and general a diftaft, as indeed to have proceeded againſt Major-
General Purcell would have been to the Confederates, amongſt whom he had ſo
many alliances and friends: and the running away of the reft was fo univerfal
a fault, that it was hard to diſcover who deferved puniſhment moft, and harder
to find a Court of War to cenſure them.
cruits his For•
During this ſhort refidence at Kilkenny, his Excellency having taken Order The Marq. of
with the Lord Inchiqueen to bring up what Forces he could poffibly make, Ormond re-
and with the Commiffioners, for the recruiting, drawing together, and arm- ces.
ing their difperfed Forces as foon as could be, to the end they might be ſent
after him; he ſpeeds away himſelf (in the Company onely of 20 or 30 Horſe)
towards Trim and Drogheda, as the places both neereft the Enemies attempts,
and likelieft to totter back, if not fecured in time: At Tecrogban (a Houſe of
Sir Luke Fitzgarretts) he makes a ſtay, till thofe feveral Bodies that he then
expected were come up; and upon notice of their coming removes to Trim,
where he meets with news of Jones his being before Drogheda, who foon after,
upon intelligence that the Lord-Lieutenant was at Trim, and fuppofing his For-
ces to be greater than indeed they were, drew off in the night, and returned im-
mediately to Dublin.
The next day his Excellency went through to Drogheda, where a party of the Drogheda
Scotch Horfe and Foot, under the Command of the Lord of Ards and the Lord Garrisoned
Clanbrazill came up unto him; but whilft they were confulting what to do, with the flower
of the Army.
they received affurance of Cromwels landing with very confiderable Forces:
Whereupon concluding that Town neceffary to be kept, to entertain the Ene-
my before, whilft they made up their Army, as they hoped to do very confide-
rable, and ſoon enough to come to the Relief of the place; of which if they
fhould fail, no queftion was made, but after the gaining of time (which was
then precious) they in the Town fhould be able to make Honourable Condi-
tions for themſelves, whilft Cromwel is refreſhing his own men in Dublin, and
reducing Jones's There is put into Drogheda a Garrifon of 2500 Foot, and
300 Horte, which was thought fufficient; and fo having furnitht it with Pro Sir Arthur
vifions, as well as that ſhort time would give them leave, his Excelleticy com- Afton made
Governour of
mits the charge of that place to Sir Arthur Afton, as a perſon whofe Experience, Drogheda.
Courage, and approved Fidelity, did worthily deſerve the higheft Truft. Thefe Col. Daniel
things thus ordered, his Excellency returns to Trim, and from thence he dif- O Neal Go-
patched away Colonel Daniel O Neal, then Governour of that place, with a vernour of
Commiffion to fet on foot the Treaty again with Owen O Neal if it were pof- ed to treat
Trim,diſpatche
fible, and to endeavour the reducing of the Ulfter-Army, even upon any with Owen
conditions; Neal.
Kk 2
>
244
Part I.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
Sir Richard
Barnwell and
Sir Nicholas
Plunkett fent
to affist him,
aſſiſt
and conclude
an Agreement.
conditions; a perſon eſteemed by all beft qualified for that employment, as
well in regard of his fingular ability, and approved Fidelity to the King, as for
the great Intercft he was fuppofed to have in his unkle, who managed the
bufinefs with that dexterity, as he won his Unkle to hearken again unto
an Agreement: whereupon Sir Richard Barnewell and Sir Nicholas Plunkett
are fent after, to make an abfolute conclufion with him; though by the way this
may not be unworthy of obſervation, that thoſe perfons who were formerly
moft oppoſite to this Agreement, were now become the greateſt ſticklers to pro-
mote it with his Excellency, being grown fenfible of the imminent and approach-
ing danger that now threatned them.
Tecrogban is the next Stage his Excellency removes unto: here he makes a
fland, as being the moſt opportune place to draw his Army together in, and
lying moft convenient (after that was done) to Relieve Drogheda, or make
any other attempt upon the Enemy: Where, befides the remains of the Irish
Army, already ſomewhat recruited, there joyned unto him a good Regiment of
the Lord Marqueſs Clanrickards of above 1000 Foot, together with 300 Horfe;
likewife that party of the Scots before mentioned, Sir Thomas Armſtrong and
Colonel Trevors, together with what Forces the Lord Inchiqueen could bring
out of his Precincts: thefe being got together,and daily additions being ftill ex-
pected, to the making them up a more confiderable Body than they were at
Dubllins the Lord-Lieutenant received ſeveral advices from Sir Arthur Afton,
Drogheda be to precipitate nothing; for he doubted not of finding Cromwel play a while,
fieged by
as certainly he had done, had not Colonel Wall's Regiment, after the Enemy
Cromwel.
had been twice bravely Repulfed, upon the unfortunate lofs of their Colonel
in the third Affault, being fo happily diſmaid, as to liften (before they had
need) unto the Enemy offering them Quarter, and admitted them in upon
thefe Terms; thereby betraying both themselves and all their Fellow-Souldiers
to the flaughter. For Cromwel being Maſter of the Town, and told by Jones,
The Maſſacre that he had now in his hands the Flower of the Irish Army, gave.order to have
at Drogheda.
all that were in Arms put to the Sword: Where, befides the gallant Gover-
Sir Arthur
Afton,&c.kil- nour, Sir Arthur Afton, Sir Edmund Varney, whofe Name-fake was Standard-
le, Sep. 16. bearer to King Charles the firft, Colonel Warren, Colonel Fleming, and Colo-
3000 Soul.
nel Brix, Lieutenant-Colonel Finglaffe, and Major Tempest, together with many
diers put to
other excellent Officers and Gentlemen, there were Butchered neer 3000 Soul-
Sword.
diers, and thoſe truly reputed the beſt that Kingdom afforded.
Ormond en-
deavours to
Strengthen
other places.
This Maffacre at Drogheda having lopt off a principal Limb of the Lord-
The Marqueß of Lieutenants Army, and the lofs of that Town letting the Enemy loofe, cau-
fed his Excellency to remove his Army from Caſtle-Jordan, down towards the
Counties of Wexford and Kilkenny, there not onely to lye fecure till General O
Neal's Army came up unto them (with whom now at laft, he having been re-
jected by the Parliament and the Commiffioners, and whipt to Reaſon with ad-
verfity, there was an Agreement made, and he fubmitted to the Kings Au-
thority) but alfo ready to be drawn into either Wexford or Kilkenny, as there
ſhould be occafion for upon one of thoſe places, after the Enemies retreat from
Drogheda to Dublin, it was concluded they would fall on next. For which
reaſon, his Excellency for many days Courts the Town of Wexford to take in
a Garriſon, Kilkenny having received one already; but they (affirming they
Sir Edmund
Butler Gover- were able to defend their Town themſelves) would never be brought to admit
nour of Wex- of one, till the Enemy was at the Walls, and then tumultuarily Sir Edmund
ford for the K. Butler with neer 1500 men was received in as Governour; whom to re-inforce,
It is befieged by after the Enemy was now fet down before it, the Lord-Lieutenant comes with
Cromwel,fur-
prifed and flor- 'new fupplies within fight of the Town, and had put them in, to the infallible
med, 2000 put prefervation of the place, if (before his Excellencies eyes) the Town had
to the Sword not been given up into the hands of the moſt Cruel and Faithleſs Enemy, who
Butchered there alfo, after they were Admitted in, above 2000 more.
Several Troops. There was nothing more remaining to be done, the Ulfter Army being not
of the Lord In-
chiqueens Re-. yet come up, (and feveral Troops of the Lord Inchiqueens being fince the
volt.
Siege
1649.
245
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
Siege of Drogheda run away to the Enemy) but to put a Garrison into Roff
which was fent in under the Command of Luke Taafe, with orders (for the Luke Tae
place was judged fcarce Tenable against fo powerful an Enemy) to make Con- made Gover
ditions when they faw themſelves able to refift no longer; as at laft they did, when out of Rolie
for the King.
the breach was made, and the Enemy ready to give an Affault, having Terms Roffe (arren-
to march away with their Arms.
dred.
fell with the
Ulfter Arcy,
About Graigge and Thomas Town his Excellency hovered with his Horſe, atid
the fmall remainder of his Foot, until the coming up of the Vliter Army,
under the Command of Lieutenant-General Farrell (the General himſelf lying Lies. Gen.Far-
then a dying :) This new Conjunction with Owen O Neal, and fo great an
acceffion of Forces, brings the Lord-Lieutenant into a condition not onely of joyas with the
putting a ſtop upon Crommels hafty progrefs, but even of gaining ground upon Marq of Or-
him, as queſtionless he would have done,had not another misfortune greater than mond.
any of the former, intervened to fruftrate all: which was this, the Lord In-
obiqueen having (as I faid before) conditioned to have the ordering of thoſe
Garriſons and Forces that he brought in with him to the Kings Obedience left
wholly to himſelf, out of defire (as is believed) to keep himself ftill confider-
able upon a bottome of his own, would never hearken unto any Propofition of
admitting a proportion of Iriſh into any of his Towns, Kingſale onely excep-
ted, into which place (at the importunity of Prince Rupert) he at laſt að-
mitted fome: Being confident that the Engliſh Forces under his Command,
having ferved under him fo long upon ſeveral ſcores, all or the moſt of the Offi-
Gers whereof,being either creatures of his own, or men obliged and indeared unto
him upon a long account, would never ſeparate themſelves from his Fortune, or
abandon his Service. But his Lordſhip (it ſeems) took wrong meaſures; for
the moſt part of them being ſteered wholly by felf-Intereft, and knowing the
way already how for advantage to ferve against the King (whoſe bulineſs
they faw fo much declining, that no more was likely to be got that way) whilft
Cromwel was full of money and fuccefs; Confpired together how to poffefs
themſelves of the Lord Inchiqueens Perfon, together with the Towns under his Lord Inchi-
Command, that they might make a ſurrender of all at once unto the Enemy. queen's Offi
Youghall begins the dance, and taking occafion to mutiny against the English
Royalists under Wogan's Command) that were quartered there, impriſoned and
difarmed them all, and afterwards ftood upon their Guard.
i
cers are trea
cherous.
Whilft the Lord Inchiqueen is by all gentle means endeavouring to reclaim
back this Town, feveral of his Officers combine to feize upon him (then ly-
ing fecure at Lieutenant-General Barries houfe of Castle Lions) but they and
their deligne being diſcovered to his Lordſhip by one of their complices, wete
They are difco-
fo fa prevented, as to be feized upon all themselves. Whereupon the Town and to
vered ta-
of Youghall ſeeing Crommel yet at too great a diftance, and the time of his ex, and on
coming into Munster uncertain, offered to fubmit, upon affurance of Indemni- conditions Re-
ty, the relief of the Imprifoned Officers, and removal of the Royalifts; which leafed.
his Lordship either wanting the means to compel them, or being willing
with kindneſs and fair means to win upon them, and keep them in Or-
der, Affențed unto. After which, having visited his Garriſons, and believ-
ing all things fo fecure, as not to require either his ftay further there, or the
bringing any proportion of the Irifh into thofe other Towns; he returns un- Cromwel bef-
to his charge in the Army. And now Crommel having newly received an af- fled by Colonel
Wogan at
front before Duncannon, through the Courage and Gallantry of Wogan, with Duncannon.
thofe English Gentlemen that were put in with him upon that occation, was
retired back to Roffe, there (under the Protection of the Town) to make a
Floting-Bridge over the River, to the end, that by having a paffage to the other
fide, he might at his pleaſure, either compel his Excellency to divide his Army
to attend upon his motions, and fo give him an opportunity of fetting upɔn
one part or other of it; or at least, if it kept together, of getting a paffage into
Munster, where he expected to finde a general Revolt of thofe Garrifons under
the Lord Inchiqueens Command, as it afterwards happened.
The
246
Part L
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Corke, You-
hall, and all
the English
Towas of Mun-
fter revolt.
Lord Inchi-
queen Jupe
ed, accused
by the Marq.
of Antrim.
The Lord Taafe was fent with a part of the Army to hinder the work;
but what through want of Powder (and indeed all forts of Ammunition) which
was now grown exceeding fcarce, extremity of foul weather, diftempers a-
mongft his men, and other ill concurring accidents; he was not able to effect
it. The Lord-Lieutenant (through Cromwels fudden retreating in the night
from before Duncannon having loft the opportunity of fighting him, as he was
then refolved, finding his Army chearfully defiring the occaſion) had nothing
left him now to do, but wait upon the Enemies motion, and endeavour to cut
off his Provifions, which the Country people (allured by the orderliness of
his Souldiers, who had money to pay for what they took, and Command it
feems to do fo) brought them in as faft as could be; whilft his Excellency ha-
ving no money to pay his Army, nor indeed a competence of Bread to give
them, was conftrained to let them take their fuftenance where they could
finde it.
During this intermiſſion of Action, Corke, Youghall, and all the Engliſh
Towns of Munster (even through the incitation of thofe Officers that were
but lately relealed) being openly Revolted, and the Lord Broghall with ſome
men landed in thoſe parts; very many of the Lord Inchiqueens party (both of
Horfe and Foot) deferted the Lord-Lieutenant, and ran daily over to the Ene-
my
; infomuch, that both the Commanders and Souldiers of the Iriſh (not
without reafon) grew very jealous of the reft that remained behind, fearing
that if ever they came to Engage againſt the Eneny, they would turn upon
them, and betray them: there wanted not divers alfo (though doubtless
very unjustly) that extended their jealoufies unto the Lord Inchiqueen himſelf,
grounding their accufations upon his Lordships not puniſhing the Confpirators,
when he had them in his Power, upon fo fair a warning, and juft an occafion,
as was then given him; his not putting Irish into his Garrifons; upon
Wife, his Family, Plate, and Goods being fent him fafely out of Corke into the
Iriſh Quarters; upon his not confenting to the difmounting and difarming the
reft of his men, when fome of the Commiffioners preft the doing of it; upon
his delivering his advice in Council (as they heard) for his Excellencies com-
ing to Conditions with Cromwel, and making this an Argument for it, That his
men would night no longer; and laftly, upon an impertinent accufation with-
out Head or Tail (as appeared when he came to be examined in the buſineſs)
brought againſt him by the Marquefs of Antrim, for holding correfpondence,
and having made Conditions underhand with the Enemy.
his
Upon theſe Foundations, and fuch as thefe, did many of the Irish repreſent
unto the Lord-Lieutenant the neceffity of diſcharging the Lord Inchiqueen of
his Command, and fecuring his perfon; which his Excellency being more
tender of the Kings Honour and his own, than upon bare furmiſes and fufpi-
tions to deal in that manner with a perfon that had but lately deferved fo
well both of the King and him, would not be brought unto; chufing rather
to run any adventure, than to be guilty of breach of Conditions with him;
which he muſt needs have been, if before a Conviction of apparent Trea-
chery, he ſhould upon the ſcore of the Lord Inchiqueen's over-fights, or the un-
certain jealoufies of the Irish, have condefcended unto either of the things pro-
poſed.
This Temper and Juftice in the Lord-Lieutenant (in not ſuffering himſelf
to be led by the clamors and importunity of the people and Souldiers ) in-
volves him alſo at last under their diſpleaſure and miftruft; ſo that out of
want of confidence in their Chief Commanders, and out of diffidence in one
another, the Army was now fallen into a very unfit condition of hazarding a
batrel with the Enemy, if an occafion fhould offer it felf: and to make it worſe,
the Scots that were there (being tired out with the neceffities the whole Army
ſuffered, and receiving news of the Enemies prevalence in their Country) de-
fired leave to return into the North; which after great importunity at laft be-
ing granted them, they immediately withdrew their Forces, and hafted home-
wards;
:
1
1649.
247.-
England, Scotland and Ireland.
wards; where they were no fooner come, and Sir George Monro joyned with
them, but they received fo fore a blow from Coote, with fo much lofs and
difperfion of their men, that they were never able to make Head in Vlter
after.
Cromwel now finding the Army fo much weakened by the deſertion of ſo
many of the Lord Inchiqueens men, and the departure of the Scots, and like-
wife knowing that it was in fuch diforder through the diftruft and animofities
that were amongft them, fo that in reafon he was like to have much the ad-
vantage if they ſhould fight him; adventures over his Bridge at Roffe, into the
County of Kilkenny, where by facing the Lord-Lieutenants Army, and moving
after it up and down, he amazed the Irish; whilft Jones his Lieutenant-Gene-
ral, with parties, took in the Cattles of the Country, and had Carrick given in- Carrick taken
to his hands wretchedly by Martyn that Commanded there: Upon notice by Lieu. Gen.
whereof Cromwel hattens thither, to pass his Army over into Munster, which
Jones,
was now his buſineſs; for notwithstanding his purfe to buy provifions of the
Country, and his Ships that wherever he went waited continually upon him,
his Army through the unfeafonablenefs of the weather, and want of Quarters,
was ſo much haraffed and wafted, many of his men falling fick and dying dai-
ly, that if he did not hatten to his Winter-quarters, he would in probability
have perished without a blow; which nevertheleſs to make fure work, the
Lord-Lieutenant (whoſe Army alſo was quite tired out with wants, ſufferings,
and continual marches) hearing that he was gone towards Carrick, intended to
beſtow upon him, before neceflity forced him to difperfe his men; and to that
end his Excellency marcht speedily after the Enemy, with defigne to fet on The Marq. of
him, whitt he was either Engaged before Carrick, or elfe incumbered at fome Ormond de-
other Pats upon the River: But after all this diligence, when his Excellency came Cromwel.
fignes to fight
neer the Town, he then learnt that the place was loft before, and that Cromwel
leaving a competent Garriſon therein, had onely paſt his Army over, and was
gone towards Waterford; which Town during Cromwels Refidence at Roffe,
through the perfwation (as it is faid) of Geoffry Baron and Hugh Rochford,
had underhand begun a treaty with him for the delivery of the Town unto him;
which Treaty onely ftuck upon the free exerciſe of their Religion and the
Churches, denied unto them by Cromwel.
The knowledge of this, caufed the Lord-Lieutenant now to haften thither,
with no mall danger to his perſon, to preſs them to admit of a Garriſon, which
being a long time denied, and the Lord Caftlehaven, with divers others that his
Excellency propounded, being utterly rejected by them; yet at laft they were
content to admit of Farrell and the Ulfter-men, who accordingly were fent
immediately unto them. After Farrells admittance, he upon notice of the Lien. General
Enemies motion that way, fearing fome commotion in the Town, and think- Farrel made
ing himſelf not ftrong enough to refift the Enemy without, and mafter them
Governour of
within; writes unto his Excellency for a fupply of men; and theſe his Ex-
Waterford.
cellency (teeing Grommel fo unexpectedly got over into Munster, through
the Treachery of the Garriſon of Carrick) intends now to conduct himſelf out
of hand into Waterford, before which the Enemy was ſuppoſed to be there-
upon, fome Principal Officers of the Army defired leave that they might in the
interim attempt the re-gaining of Carricks against whom his Excellency object-
ing the want of materials neceffary for fuch an enterprize, was affured they had
enough to ſerve their turn for that work; yea, and ſome of them pofitively
undertook the taking of the place that night. Wherefore leaving them to their
butineſs, his Lordship bends his courſe for Waterford, where he arrived when it Cromwel at
was late; upon notice whereof, Cromwel defpairing of doing any good upon rerford, in
tempting Wa-
that Town, and finding many of his men fall tick and dye of the Flux, which vain departs.
then raged amongst them, draws off in the night, and hattens towards his Win-
ter-quarters at Corke and Tougball; in which march, as he gained Dungarvan, ſo
he loft Jones his Lieutenant-General.
Col. Jones
During the Lord-Lieutenants abfence, the Army at Carrick affaults the place, dyes of the
Flux.
the
248
Part IJ.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
i
f
The Kings For
ces Affault
Carrick; but
depart with
LOB.
Both Armies
retire to their
winter-quar-
ters.
the Foot falling on with extraordinary gallantry and refolution, where after the
lofs of many of them, they failed of carrying the place onely for want of a few
Pickaxes and Spades, which being call'd for, were no where to be found; which
neceflitated the poor Foot, after having done fo handfomely, and food under
the Walls fome hours, to quit the buſineſs and draw off; when extreme want of
Food (they having eaten nothing almoſt for two days) enforced them to march
away towards Clonmell, all the Country betwixt Carrick and Kilkenny being
totally ſpoiled already. This Carrick was gained and now defended by Colonel
Reynolds.
The removal of the Army hence, without fending notice of it to the Lord
Lieutenant, had like to have put his Excellency into the Enemies hands: for
he making full account of the regaining of Carrick, upon the tormer affurance
that was given him, was upon his way directly thither (where the Enemy had
300 Horſe, and he not 40 in his Company) when Colonel Milo Power by good
tortune found him out, and told him of the ill fuccefs of the Enterprize, and
the motion of the Army thence: whereupon he altered his courſe another way.
And then confidering that the Enemy was now retired into his Garriſons,
that the weather was bitter and unfit for action, the Winter being now come
on, or if it were not fo, that he had neither Meat, nor Money wherewith to
keep his men any longer together; having fince the Revolt of Munster (which de-
prived him of the greateſt ſhare of his Contributions and Proviſions) been a long
time already forced to live upon the spoil of the reft of the Countryshe concluded
upon difperfing his Army into Quarters alſo, which (becauſe the Principal
Towns refuſed to admit them in) he was fain to ſcatter over all the Kingdom.
The greateſt part of the Ulster-Forces were fent into their own Province, there
to chufe a new General, according as their conditions allowed them, for Owen
Gen. Owen O O Neal was dead; and Luke Taafe with his men were ſent back into Connaght
Neal dyes. the
to the Lord of Clanrickard: The Lord Inchiqueen with the remainder of fuch
feat into their as belonged unto him, went over into the County of Clare; the Lord Dillon
own Province. with his into Meath, and towards Athlone; all the reft were fcattered feveral
Luke Taafe
Leuterate ways, onely Major-General Hugh O Neal was admitted with about 1600 Ulfter-
feat into Con-
men into Clonmell as Governour; and Kilkenny received alfo a competent
naght, Lord
Inchiqueen Garrison, to fecure them againft fo ill Neighbours as both Roffe and Carrick
goes to Clare, were.
Lord Dillon
into Meath.
Ulfter-Forces
Maj. General
for the King.
Here you may behold a fummary of what paft in the field, fince the Army
first fet forth, until their going to their Winter-quarters; in all which time,
Hugh O Neal how ill foever the fuccefs hath been, nothing can with any colour of reafon be
madeGovern ur laid to the Lord-Lieutenants charge, except the not punishing thofe many Fail-
of Clonmel
ings, Treacheries, and Diſorders that were committed during this Summers Ex-
Kilkenny gar- pedition: Yet as to the difobedience and neglects in the Siege of Dublin, I gave
rifoned for the you Reaſons why that was paft over before; and thofe that were committed
King. lince, were for the most part by men of that condition and intereft, that it
was neither fafe nor fit (all things confidered) to call them to an account. As
for Treacheries, moft of the Authors of them took care to fecure themſelves, and
Crosby betray in time get out of reach; onely Crosby that betrayed Kingfule,after he was defign-
eth Kingfale; ed to dye by the Lord-Lieutenant, upon the Lord Inchiqueens coming to Town,
be is Reprieved
and pardoned. was (I know not for what confiderations) reprieved and faved. The want
of money to pay the Souldiers, and the exigences they were for the most part in,
after the milchance at Dublin, did fo much Authorize their diforders in the
Country, that if they had not been paſt by and connived at, there had been no
means of keeping them together.
So that I have many reaſons to believe, that notwithſtanding the defeat at
Dublin, and fuccefs upon Drogheda, Cromwel with all his great Army, his Fleet,
and ftore of Money, had been loft and funk to nothing, if the Caftles of Wex-
ford and Carrick had not been fo foully given up; nay, and after that too, if
thofe Towns and Forces in Munster had not ſo treacherously Revolted.
Thus did the knavery and malice of a few, fteal away the Hearts of the gene-
rality
1
1649.
249
England, Scotland and Ireland.
rality of that undifcerning fimple people from the Lord-Lieutenant, few of them
being able to judge at all of the Prudence and Integrity of his Conduct; or to
confider that the Army that was in the Field the foregoing Summer, would
have required four times the Contribution that was railed, without leaving
any furplus, either to be hoarded up or fent beyond Seas: From which his Ex- The Marq. of
cellency was fo far, that on the other fide, he frequently offered to engage at a
very low rate, all that remained unmorgaged of his Frincely Eftate, for the fup- bis Eftate for
port of the Army.
the hipport of
Ormond of
fers to murgago
The Surrender of Dublin truly had been made unto the people of Ireland, the
by the arts of thofe that were at that time in Government amongit them, a moit
odious thing; though thoſe very perſons knew well enough, it was themſelves
and not the Lord-Lieutenant, that was in the fault, by twice foully violating
their Publike Faith with him: Firft, in breaking a Peace made, and folemniy
publiſhed both at Dublin and Kilkenny (the Refpective feats of the Kings Lieu-
tenant, and the Council of the Confederates) and in feconding that Act (at-
ter having impriſoned the Lord Muskery, Sir Robert Talbott, Sir Lucas Pilion,
Mafter Brown, Master Belings, and the rett of their Supreme Council, that had
made the Peace, and full ftood honeftly to what they had done) with bringing
their Armies before Dublin, where having caufed the burning and destruction
of thoſe quarters, the Town it felf muft have been loft unto them, is upon
overture of a Treaty with the Parliament they had not fent Men and Supplies
to reſcue it. And next, in the breach of that folemn Engagement made be-
tween them and the Marqueſs of Clanrickard, as foon as (upon belief of their
refolution to return unto their Duty) the Treaty was broke off, and the For-
ces of the Parliament fent home again. Could it be expected that after two
ſuch acts as theſe, any wife man would truft or treat with the Irish any more,
whilst the Government was ftill in the fame mens hands? who after all this,
wrought the whole Affembly to declare they would never have any Froteſtant
Governour more, and namely not the Lord-Lieutenant; and who were not
afhamed at the fame time, both to annul the Peace, and yet acknowledge that
the forementioned Gentlemen that had been makers of it, and fuffered in juſti-
fication of it, had neither exceeded their inftructions, nor done any thing mif-
becoming honeſt men.
´s
en
His Excellency was now at Kilkenny, where having in vain endeavoured to He is at Kil-
qualifie the univerſal diſcontents, and obſerving how falt ( notwithſtanding kenny.
the admonitory Declaration of all the Bishops from Clonmacnoffe to the contra-
ty) the people being alienated with the ravaging and diforder of their own
Armies, and allured with the fucceffes and fmooth invitations of Cromwel, run
headlong in to him for Protection, and under Contributions as alfo, how great
numbers of the Iriſh Souldiers, fome frighted with the Plague, which now be- The Irish Soul-
gan to ſpread into the other Provinces of the Kingdom, and others for want diers, fame
of livelihood, as having neither meat nor pay, flockt in unto the Enemy: He the Plague,
frighted with
went into Connaght to confer about carrying on of the publike bulinefs, and the others in necef-
remedy of thole diforders, with the Marquefs of Clanrickard, at his Cattle of fity, revolt to
Portumna, about the end of Chriſtmas; who being a perſon of that eminent Cromwel.
Merit towards our King and Nation, and deferving fo much Honour from all
honelt men, I muft, I believe, do a thing very difplcating to you, not to give you
a due Character of him here.
Clanrickard's
Upon his coming to Portumna, the Lord-Licutenant meets with Sir George
Monro, who was polted thither out of the North, to make fome Propolals in
order to the reduction of Ulfter to his Excellency and the Lord Clanrickard The Marq. of
(who had the Summer before affifted him towards his Vlter Expedition, with character.
a Regiment of Foot, 100 Horfe, and 1000 pounds in money, out of the Pro-
vince of Connaght) and in cafe thoſe overtures of his were not approved of,
to demand his País, that he might leave the Kingdom: but what he propoun-
ded was fo plaufible, that in cafe Money and Arms could be had in time, and
in proportion to what he demanded (as the infection of Galloway, out of which
Town
LI
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250
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Fart II
Town chiefly both were to be had, made it very difficult) they judged it a
very likely Expedition: Whereupon the Lead Clanrickard, de fircus to keep fo
He ſupplies Sir able a Commander as Sir George in the Kingdom, furnisheth him with what
George Mon Money he could at the prefent, and ferd him Northwards to lay ard prepare
To with money. the buttrels before; pic mifing to do his uttermoft er deavours to procure him
thole fipplies of Monty, Ammunition, and Arms, by the time appointed; as
alfo to bring his Army up as far as Sligo, there to countenance Sir George in
his undertakings and be ready for any fair occafion that fl.ould prefent it felf
for the maftering of the Country.
Marq. of Or-
mond at Kil-
kenny endea-
veling with
vise an Army
agairft next
Qring.
After four or five days ftay at the moft, his Excellency tock his leave, and
haftened towards Kilkenny, obliging the Lord Clanrickard to come after him,
to be preſent at a meeting he had appointed there, for the procuring of a good
thead Clan- underftanding between the Clergy, the Commiffioners, and himſelf, and for
richard to pro- taking the belt order they could, for the raifing and maintaining an Army a-
gaft the next Spring: But though they met, nothing at that time could be
done or agreed upon; wherefore the Lord Clanrickard returns ino Connaght,
to take order for his Northern Expedition; which out of the great difficulties
of getting his men together, arifing out of the univerſal diſtractions that were
then in the Kingdom, the hard Seafon of the year, the Feftilence, the want of
Moneys and Provifions, he could not poffibly go through with againſt February,
which was the time defigned; nor even then when he did, without very great
neceffities and inconveniencies to himſelf and his Army; though that No-
ble Perfon declined no difficulty, nor fpared no Charge in his Majefties Ser-
;
Sir Charles
Coote defeats
the iri, and
takes the Earl
of Claneboys.
Sir Geo:Men
ro delivers
Erikillin to
the Enemy.
Capt. Tickle
Executed for
defining to be-
tray Kilkenny.
Mara. of Or-
vice.
This failing in point of time, and a great part of the Moneys pro mifed him
(which nevertheleſs as things ftood, no mans induftry could have remedied)
Sir George Monro complained very much of, affirming, that their opportunity
was left thereby, especially, now they being come, the Army was able to move
no farther through extreme want of Provifion (kept from them by foul and
contrary weather) for which, and the refidue of the Money, together with
hopes of an accord between the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commiflioners, fome
days were spent in expectation; but nothing in the end, except onely a Letter
from the Loid Ormond fummoning the Lord Clanrickard fuddainly away; his
Lordship was forced to leave his Army and the Northern bufinefs to the hazard,
and return back to meet the Lord-Lieutenant and the Commiffioners at Logh-
reogh: Whereupon Sir George Monro believing now the Lord-Lieutenant would
leave the Kingdom, fecing the divifions amongst the Irish grew daily greater,
and giving all for loft (having received a defeat by Sir Charles Coot, where the
Earl of Claneboys was taken Prifoner, and Colonel Henderfon killed, with fome
800 Private Souldiers) and laftly, finding the impatience of his own party to
treat with the Enemy, (as he had often before publikely declared he would)
retires himſelf to Eniskilin and having made Conditions for himself, the re-
mainder of his Party, and his Officers that were in Priſon, gave up that place
to the Enemy, and departed the Kingdom. Very foon after whofe retirement,
the Lord Clanrickard's Army through extremity of want was forced to return
from Sligo back towards the County of Galloway.
Where I will leave it, and come back to his Excellency, who being left by
the Lord Clanrickard lately in Kilkenny, after having caufid Caprain Tickle to
be Execured for a defigne he had of betraying that Town to Cromwel; was
by-the breach growing daily wider between him and the Kingdom, and through
the increaſe of the Sickness now come thither, at the joynt request of the Cm-
miflioners and Officers, induced to remove towards Limerick; where being neg-
ligently received, without the accuſtomed refpect uſed to the Kings Licure-
nant, he after a fhort ftay departed thence into the County of Clare. Imme-
diately thereupon, the Enemy having refrefhed his inen, and encreafed his Ar-
my with a great acceffion of old Souldiers that had formerly ferved under
Army takes the the Lord Inchiqueen and the Lord-Lieutenant, takes the field, and talis a Sum-
mond at Lim
erick, drparts
za dztalt to
Clare.
Cromwels
Field.
moning
1649.
251
England, Scotland and Ireland.
moning Caftles, and bringing the Country under Contribution; wherein he had
a general fuccefs, moſt of the Caftles furrendring upon appearance of a party of
Horſes except Kikenan, which gave him fome refiftance.
wel.
trary to the
His Excellencies Army, through the forementioned obftinacy and diſobedi- The Kings År-
ence of the Towns againſt receiving Garrifons, was fo far difperfed, that there my difperfed.
was no means of drawing them together; neither, if that were done, of draw-
ing them in a Body; for the Country was deftroyed and waft, fo that it could
not fupply him: befides, during thefe difagreements between the Lord-Lieute-
nant, the Clergy, and the Commiffioners, there were few or none of the Irifh
Souldiers (if there had been Provifions for them) that would obey his Excel-
lencies Orders. Of all which Cromwel was well aware, and therefore went
fecurely, and with confidence to work, carrying all before him. Amongſt o-
ther of his fucceffes, Ballifanon was fold unto him, and Cabir Castle (then the Ballifanon
dwelling-houſe of Maſter Matthews, a young youth, and half Brother to the fold to Crom-
Lord-Lieutenant) given him, contrary to thoſe ſtrict orders left by his Excel- Cahir-Caftle
lency with Mafter Matthews for the keeping of it; who was fo confcious of his given him.
own miſdoing in the A&t, that he refuſed upon ſeveral fummons and invitations
to appear before his Lordfhip, and ſtayed ftill in the Enemies quarters to fecure
himſelf from his Excellencies indignation. But nevertheless, this act of Ma- The affairs is
fter Matthews is made a ground of new fufpitions, and fresh clamours againſt Ireland, co-
his Lordſhip himſelf by the Irish, who all this while run on in their extravagan- Maiq. of Or-
cies, intent onely upon their diſputes in hand, as if there were no fuch man as monds defires.
Cromwel in the Kingdom; infomuch, that feeing ſo many ſeveral meetings
affigned, and fo much time spent to fo little purpole, his Excellency concludes
that thoſe people would never be brought into order by him, and therefore re-
folves to withdraw himſelf from the Government, if not to depart the King-
dom, and to commit the management of all unto the Marquefs of Clanric- He withdraws,
kards which was the reafon of his Lordfhips being fent for back again from leaving the
Marq. Clan-
Sligo.
rickard to Go
The Enemy in the mean time having the Caffles of Gowran and Lagblin, vern that King-
together with the Officers Commanding in them, delivered into his hands by
the Common-Souldiers, fets at laft upon Kilkenny; whence (a while before)
the Earl of Castlebaven (who was now left with chief Command in Lemster
was drawn out with his Forces, by reaſon the Sickneſs raged fo, leaving Sir Wal-
ter Butler and Major Walsh, with about 50 Horfe, and fome 400 Foot in the
place, where a breach being made, and the Enemy Affaulting, they were brave-
ly Repulfed,leaving 600 Arms behind them; after which check,they refolvedto
march off,and are fending their Artillery away filently before,whilft the Towns-
men convey a Drummer privately over the Wall, and upon I know not what
accord, let the Enemy in, unknown to the Souldiers, who were then forced to Kilkenny ta
retire to the Caftle, and make their Terms, which being granted them, they
ken.
march away.
dom.
Kilkenny being gained by him; let us leave Cromwel at Cabel for a while Cromwel at
amongst his Committee-men, and return into Connaght, where the Clergy and Cafhel.
Commiffioners feeing that the Lord Clanrickard having refufed to take the Go- The Lord Clan-
vernment upon him, was refolved in cafe they continued diſobedient unto the rickard refu-
Seth to take up-
Lord-Lieutenant ( left the Kings Authority thould be expoſed to further dif- on him the G3-
obedience and contempt) to leave the Kingdom together with his Excellency: vernment.
and confidering what a certain Ruine their departure would be unto them all, The
are now courting the Lord-Lieutenant to ftay, and offer to come to compofitione
with him; who demands affurance from them, that the Reſpective Towns of ted to continue
Limerick and Galloway thall receive fufficient Garrifons, and that themſelves it.
with all the Souldiers and people fhall hereafter readily obey him; which they
undertake unto him, upon condition that all the English whatfoever (under
his Excellencies Command) might be disbanded and fent away; that the Bi-
fhops of the Kingdom might have a ſhare in Council, and the management of
things; that the Receiver-General (which was Sir George Hamilton, Brother-
L12
in-law
Ormond
•
1
1
!
Î
252
to which on
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
in-law to the Lord-Lieutenant, a perfon of great parts, Honour, and Merit)
certain cordi- might give in his accounts; all which his Excellency, out of his great defire to
trons he agrees. fatisfie and unite the people, thereby to preferve the Country and the Kings In-
tereft (if it were poffible) at laft affents unto.
"The English un
der Ormond
disbanded and
take condi-
tions.
This Agreement being made, the English were accordingly (to free the
Iriſh of their] ealoufies, who either were or would ſeem to be equally fufpici-
ous of the Royalifts, as of thofe that had ferved the Parliament before) disban-
ded; and fince there was no further employment for them, nor means of get-
ting away by Sea, they had leave to make their Conditions with Cromwelto
pafs through his quarters out of the Kingdom: 'which being granted by him,all
the fmall remainder of the Lord Inchiqueens men (except a few that Colonel
Buller was to carry for Scilly) went under the conduct of Colonel John Daniel
into the Enemies quarter; fo did the Lord Ards, and after hird Sir Thomas Arm-
ftrong, with whom went alfo Mifter Daniel O Neal, upon the ſcore of carrying
a Regiment into Spain. There remained none behind that was permitted to bear
any charge, bur Lieutenant-Colonel' Trefwell, at the Low Ormonds particular
inftance, to Command his Guard's of Horle, onely John Digby, Colonel Hen-
ry Warren, and Colonel Hugh Butler aid to wait upon his Excellencies perfon,
and bear him company in his adventures: Colonel Trevor retdred huhfulf Nké-
wife upon the fame account,
વ હું ક 15
1.
But before I go on, I muſt not omit to tell you, how DeannBbile, who was
fent to treat with Cromwel for the English that were disbanded being offered
it (as he fays) by Cromwel, and imagining as himfelt affirms to do a fer-
vice to the Lord-Lieutenant and the Lord Inchiqueen in adventured of his own
head to take Paffes from him, tor their departure out of the Kingdoms where
of, as ſoon as ever Dean Boile was gone, he makes ufe, to debauch the Irish Gar-
rifons to take Conditions from him, affuring them the Lord-Lieutenant had
received his Paſs to depart the Kingdom; though the Páffes were abfolutely
without his Lord fhips privity or licente accepted, and with indignation refèn-
ted; but in the mean time Emer Mac Mabon Bishop of Cleghor, who had been
Mahon Bp. of chofen General of the Ulfter Army, having a good while fince received his
Cloghor, made
General of the Commiffion from the Lord-Lieutenant, was now gathering together his Army,
which in a fhort time after he had' made up to be about 6000 men, wherewith
having taken feveral little Caſtles in his way, he was marched up into the Clane-
boyes, and become Matter of the field.
Emer Mac
Ulfter-Army.
Cromwel 76-
pulfed and
worlted at
Clonmel, by,
Maj. General
Hugh O Neal
Governour
thereof.
}
The next enterprize Crommel went in hand with, was to take Clonmell which
was kept by Major-General Hugh O Neal, who behaved himself fo difcreetly
and gallantly in defending it, that Cromwel loft heer upon 2500 men before it ;
and had notwithſtanding gone away without it, if they within had had ſtore of
Powder; but their ſmall proportion being fpent, the Governour with his Soul-
diers was fain to go out of the Town on the other fide of the River, by night,
towards Waterford, and leave the Towns-men to make Conditions for them-
felves; which they did the next morning, the Enemy not knowing but the Gar-
Clonmel far rifon was ftill in Town, till the Conditions were figned. Thus the lofs of this
place, and feveral other Garrifons, for want of Ammunition, was another effe&t
of the diſobedience of the Towns; infomuch, that had it not been for a little
Magazine that the Lord Clanrickard had providently made beforehand, and
wherewith (fince the lofs of Drogheda ) his Excellencies Army, the Scots,
the Ulters, and moft of the Garrifons were furnished; all might have gone to
an irrecoverable ruine, whilft the Walled-Towns (like Free-States) lookt on as
unconcern'd, denying to afford it to them.
+
rendred to
Cromwel.
4
David Roch
1
;
About the time of the Siege of Clonmel, David Roch having raifed above
defeated by the 2000 men in the Counties of Corke and Kerry, and beginning to make head with
1. Broghali.
The ED of Roffe them, received a ſmall bruſh from the Lord Brogball, which onely difperfed his
and two other men for a few days, his lofs being not confiderable for any thing but the Bi-
Priefts banged. Thop of Roffe, who being taken was hanged with two other Priests by Cromwel,
for being found in Arms (as he ſaid) againſt the States of England.
Soom
1
1649.
253
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Soon after the gaining of Clonmel, Cromwel upon Letters out of England in- Cromwel goes
viting him thither, went to Sea, and leaves Ireton in chief Command behind for England,
him, to fubdue the reft of that miferable wafted Kingdom, whilft himſelf went Commander in
Ireton chief
about the Conqueft of new Empires, more worthy of his prefence. Here I can- his place.
not but obſerve, that of all thoſe thouſands that either came with him thither,
or were fent after, there are now few tens furviving, either to reap
the benefit,
or report the ftories of their Victories; his Army upon his departure beitig funk
to a very inconfiderable number, especially in Foot; and neer three parts of
thofe, confifting of either Irish, Jones's, or the Lord Inchiqueen's men, who one-
ly are able to undergo the wotal incommodities of that Country, now groping
under a univerſal Plague, Famine, and Defolation, to that degree, that if they
had known but half the miferies that expect them there, I am confident that no An account of
Threat's nor Flatteries could have perfwaded men out of England thieffer in the Irish
hopes of reaping the fruits of their fellows labours, in that destroyed King- affairs.
dom. Which; as low as 'tis brought, may chance to colt Cromwel a fecond Ex-
pedition, and another Army, and yet go without it.
? +
For they have Waterford, Calloway, and Limerick, three of the ſtrongeſt and
moſt confiderable Towns of the Kingdom ftill untaken; any of which, if they
be well Garritoned (as queitioflefs now they are) will be neer a Summers
work to redute: The Forts of Duncannon and Sligo, the Caffles of Caterlo, Atb-
lone, Charlemont and Neanagħ, are not ea fie purchaſes the Province of Con-
naght is Aill preſerved entire by the Lord Clanrickard, who will be able to bring
4000 men of his own into the field, now that Galloway and his Country is fome-
what cleared from the infection of the Plagues which begins to rage greatly in
the Enemies quarters, as Corke, Youghall, Wexford, and Dublin it felt; Kilkenny,
Clonmel. With feveral places thereabouts being left defolate with it. The Coun
ty of Churfið Munster brought unto the Lord-Lieutenant at a Rendeżvouze at
the fame time above 2000 inet, wherewith his Excellency (being invited by
the Magiftrates) was ready to march into Limerick; to Garrifon that place, and
to makeit his tefidence.
1001
.
What Forces the Irish had in Ulfter and towards Kerry I have already told
you; as likewife what Connaght and the County of Clare afforded: I mult adde
that Hugh Mae Phelim had in Wicklow, and fowards Wexford, hard upon zö60
men, and at Waterford, General Preſton atid Hugh O Neal had little lefs: to con-
clude, befides all this, the Lord Castlehaven, the Lord Dillon, and the Bishop
of Drummore, made account they should draw together a comiderable Body in
Meath, and the rest of Leimfter to joyn with the Marquels of Clanrickard to-
wards the relief of Tecrogban, then befieged by Colonel Reynolds. Thus you
may fee that (provided they be united amongst themfelves, and that' means
can be found of keeping them in bodies together) there are men enough in
Arms yet to dispute the bafinets with an Enemy that is hot half their number,
and whofe quarters are peftered likewife with the Plague and Famine, as well
as theirs cípécially thefe having fuch ftrengths and fafineffes fill in their hands,
as are almott inacceffible to Cromwels Souldiers. Who after having maſtered
the greatest part of Munfter and Leimfter, their fapplies from England coming
in but flowly, have made bold at laft with the people they flattered with be-
fore, and altered their manner of proceedings, taking from them by force what
they pleaſed, and violating their protections given, making not nice to tell
them, they fuffered them to poffels their Effates but during pleaſure, and till
they could have Planters to put into their rooms: by which kind of clear deal-
ing, they have fo loft and made defperate the Natives; that lamenting their
former too ready compliance with the Enemy; they now called for the Lord-
Lieutenant again, and taking Arms in their hand, began to rife in all quarters of
the Kingdoms fo that it is impoffible for a greater power than Ireton hath there
to attend to the fuppreffion of them all.
r
3
This is the perfect account of the Irish affairs, whereby the firft Trophees of
the Engliſh Commonwealth raiſed themſelves to greater Atchievements, by a
chain
T
1
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254
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
chain of fucceffes; but Winter growing on, their Army was put into Winter-
quarters, Cromwel himſelf to that purpoſe taking up Yongball lately, with Corke
wherein were the Lord Inchiqueens Lady and Family) revolted by the trea-
Col. Wogan chery of the Colonels Gilford, Warren, and Townsend: (Colonel Wogan new-
defeated and ly defeated in his attempt in Paſſage-Fort, and then taken prifoner by Colonel
taken prisoner. Żanchy) whereupon Prince Rupert with the Conftant Reformation, the Conver
Prince Rupert
and
departs King- tine, wherein was Prince Maurice, the Swallow where was Sir John Mien,
fale with his fome other Sips, fet fail from Kingfale, where he had continued Blockt up moſt
Fleet, leaving part of the laft Summer by Admiral Popham, and betook themſelves to the Nar-
row Seas, now that the Parliament had moſt of that Coaft in their poſſeſſion,
and failed for France. In the mean while Captain Young had fired the Antilope
(one of the Kings fhips) at Helvoet-fluce in Holland, and the Guinny-Frigor
was maſtered and taken neer Scilly, the Rendezvouze and Harbour of his Ma-
jefties Fleet, that did very much hinder and obftru&t the Trade at Sea, where-
in his Majeſties Rebels were now principally concerned; of which we ſhall have
yet further occafion to ſpeak in the enſuing year.
three empty
ſhips behind
bim. O&. 24.
Col. Morris
and Cornet
Blackborne
Executed at
i..
The Parliament had in June filled up the Benches at Westminster. Aske from
Clerk of the Crown (one of their Beagles at the High Court of Justice) was
made one of the Juftices of the Upper (fo was the Kings) Bench newly cal-
led; and Broughton (a Clerk to the fame Court) had his former Office. Pu-
lifton and Warberton in the Common-pleas, to whom in the place of Judge Phe-
fant, Serjeant Atkins was added: Colonel Rigby and Thorpe were made Barons
of the Exchequer by the laft of whom, Colonel Morris (the late noble Go-
vernour of Pomfret) and Cornet Blackborne, were Condemned and Executed
at Tork, on the 18 day of Auguft; at which Seffions Thorpe likewife in his
York, Aug. Charge to the Grand-Jury magnified the late Actions of the Parliament, and
juftified their Authority, and endeavoured to fhew its confonancy to the Laws:
which fine Oration is yet extant in Print. About this time, after much debate
by theſe Judges, and at the inftance of the Army, the Parliament paſſed the A&
commonly called the Five Pound A&t, whereby Debtors in Prifon, upon their
Oath that they were not worth five pound, were diſcharged; by Vertue where-
of, moft of the Goals in England were emptied, and room made for Cavaliers
and Royalifts; of which party Sir Robert Heath, the Noble and moft Loyal
Lord Chief-Juſtice of England being an excepted perfon by the Parliament)
died at Caen in Normandy, about the end of Auguft; and Sir Kenelm Digby and
Mafter Walter Mountague were ordered to depart the Kingdom, as not being
within any of the qualifications for Delinquents Compofition.
Lord Chief-Fu-
fice Heath
dyes.
Sir Kenelm
Digby and Mr.
WalterMoun-
tague ordered
to depart the
Kingdom
For
ses, how affect.
Forrain Prin-
ed.
The Marq. of
Montrols his
Declaration.
Thus food things at home,in a Commanding and Authoritative pofture: we
will fee next how they fadge abroad; and firit, the Scot their next Neighbours
having an Army moving up and down in the North of that Kingdom, to fup-
prefs the Montroffian Party, which appeared in the Iles of Orkney the Mar-
quefs then beftirring himself in the Court of the Duke of Holftein for fupplies,
and ready to Embarque, having ſent a forerunning Declaration, wherein he
recited the greatnefs of thofe condefcentions to, and that confidence his late
Majefty had of them, when he put himſelf into their Hands at Newark ; beth
which fome wicked perfons of that Nation had Trayterously abufed, even to
the Murther of that bleffed Prince, and thereafter would impofe Conditions.
and Limitations to their prefent Soveraign; and defired all good and honeft
Subjects who had been misled, to appear with him to the vindication of thoſe
injuries, as well as reproach of the Scotch Nation, &c.] and other Forces
quartering about Edenborough, had Decreed that no Provifion whatſoever
fhould be carried into England, and thewed an abfolute averfenefs to any fur-
ther Treaty or Correfpondence with the English; but had difpatcht away the
Laird of Windram, one Maſter Libberton, to the King, who after his arrival at
Zeland, failed to the King at Jerſey, with the onely Conditions of taking the
National-Covenant, and renouncing of Montroẞ and other Royaliſts of that
Nation. For in the beginning of September, the King was arrived there with
}
his
1649.
255
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
His Brother the Duke of York in company with Sir George Carteret the Gover-
and other his Nobles and Confident Followers, having before his depar-
ture defigned fome of his Lords as Embaffadors to feveral Princes.
nour,
cloth.
The French also had prohibited the Importation of Cloth into France (in a The French pro-
proud revenge and quittal whereof, the Parliament forbad the Importation of bibit the im-
French-wines and the States General of the United Provinces had denied Au- portation of
dience to Walter Strickland their new Refident, atter feveral inttances; onely The States of
the Spaniard (who had lately before acknowledged the fame Provinces for a Holland deny
Free-State) began to wind about, and to infinuate a Compliance with the Eng- Audience to
lifh One, as imagining it no way dangerous, but advantageous to his Intereft Strickland the
and Stale Ambition of Univerfal Soveraignty, as Campanella had defigned it.
Stutes of Eng-
lands Refident.
For in tendency thereunto, he prohibited his Subjects in Flanders to firve the The Spaniard
King at Sea, his Ports being before open to fuch Veffels that ferved the King, probibits his
and were Manned with Flemings for the most part, and did alſo underhand Subcls to
love our King
hold Intelligence with this State. But the Emperour of Ruffia no fooner heard
at lea.
of the Kings Death, but he immediately Commanded all the English to de- The Gallantry
part his Dominions,and was hardly perſwaded (having firſt ſecured their Goods) of the Emperour
to give them leave to ftay a while in Arch-Angel, his onely Port of Trade, whi- Ruſſia.
ther from his Court and City of Mufco he had driven them. He had profered
to the Lord Culpeper (His Majcfties Embaffador) to have given him all the
English Eltates; but he declining it, and telling the Emperour the King con-
ceived very well of thofe His Subjects, he very frankly lent the King 200001. He leads the
with a proteftation of his further good will, if he had not been fo greatly en- land 20000!.
King of Eng-
gaged in a War at home. The Dane, the Swede, and the Pole knew not what
to make of our New Lords, and fo let them alone: the Portugal's actions De-
clared Him.
Presbyterian
Several Affronts were likewife given them under their very Nofes: the Lon-
don Presbyterian Minifters would not Officiate,neither at their Fafts nor Thanks- Ministers de-
givings for which Contempts, feveral of them were brought before their Com- cline tee Parli
mittees, and after levere reprehenfion and warning difmiffed, as namely Ma- ament.
fter Love. Matter Jenkins, and Mafter Ah: And the Levellers began to make
new broils, the Garriton of Oxford, of Colonel 'Ingoldsby's Regiment, mutining,
and fecuring their Officers; while Lilburn and his Affociates vex them in print,
by a new Pamphlet called the Apprentices Outcry.
Aſh
The Levelers
discontented
New commo-
tions by the
The Mutineers were fupprefled in a manner by themſelves, and two of them
fhot to Death: Lilburn having been kept a long while before Priſoner in the
Tower, was now brought to his Tryal at Guild-hall, by a Commiſſion of Oyer Levelers.
and Termier, directed to the new Lord-Commiffioner Keeble, Juftice Jermin,and
others; where after a confident defence of himſelf, reading of feveral Statutes,
and thumming of Magna Charta, and a hundred Slurs upon the Court, he was
acquitted by his Jury, and not long after chofen a Common-Council-man for John Lilburn
the City; though the Parliament (by Vote afterwards) difallowed it, and chefen a Com-
made him uncapable of any Office: And finally, that I may have done mon-Council-
with this Trouble-world, not long after Sentenced him to Banithment, which an for Lon-
don, but difa
was procured by the old Feud betwixt him and Sir Arthur Hafilrigge.
bled by the
To fecure themſelves therefore from that and all other Parties, they Legiſlated Parliament.
a thing called an Engagement, which though at its firft defignment it reached
onely perfons in Office and Truft, and the Lawyers that Pleaded (with an ad-
ditional precept to the feveral Benches, to remove out of their Chambers ( in
the Refpective Inns of Court) all who had ferved the King in the late War
(faving the benefit of Articles) as they had kept them fome good while before
from the Bar) yet at laft it included all forts of men from 18 years old
and upwards, who were enjoyned to recognize, and then fubfcribe this knack,
in thefe Republican words, You shall promife to be true and faithful to the
Commonwealth of England, as it is now eſtabliſhed without King or Houſe of Lords,
And their repeated profperous violation of all things Sacred and Civil, had fo
(prob Dolor!) Atheiſted the Land,that people jefted themſelves into this fnare s
the
The Engage-
ment Voted,
O&ob.
}
1
1
}
256
The terrible
Powder-blow
in Tower-
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Párt II.
the Royalifts and fome fuch fober Presbyterians onely difavowing it, though no
protection or benefit of the Law was to be had without it.
On the 4 of January, happened a moft terrible blow by Ganpowder in
Tower-street, out of a Ship-chandlers cellar, who going down about 8 of the
ſtreet, Jan.4. Clock about ſome buſineſs there with a Candle, it unfortunately fparkled into
the Powder, as was conceived, and blew up and fpoiled above 100 Houfes,
fome 60 perfons being killed, the moit whereof were flain as they were drinking
in the Rofe-Tavern, in whofe Ruines they were over-whelmed. This accident
invited the curiofity of fome to fay, that the Treafon committed that time
Twelvemonth before, was followed with this its, futable attendant, to point to
the Authors the likeness of their Villany. But whatever that difafter fignified,
the Death of Alderman Hoyle ( a great Rumper) of York, who hanged him-
felt on the fame day and hour Twelvemonth that the King was Murthered,
plainly fhewed the vengeance and diſpleaſure of God againſt that monstrous
and abominable Fact.
Alderman
Hoyle hanged
bimfelf,
Jan. 30.
Gen. Blake
commands a
Flect.
Prince Rupert
blockt up Lil-
bone, Mar.
Granger's no-
This was the Evening-Sacrifice to their Thankſgiving-Devotion, in moft ſo-
lemn manner celebrated by the States at Wellminster, in commemoration of their
lately recovered Liberty from the Laws and a jult Government, by the Death
of the King, being the Anniversary of his Martyrdom; but had ſo many ill
Omens and finifter Prognoſticks, that they rafed this Feſtival out of their Kalen-
dar, which carried in it fo many fignal remarques of the juft Judgement and
Vengeance of God upon that impious Fact, and their no lets abominable moc
kery of Him as the Author thereof, in this their pretended religious obfervation
of that fatal Providence.
General Blake was now fitting out to Sea with a lufty Fleet, to hinder Prince
Rupert (now Commanding in the Weſtern-feas) irom doing further prejudice
to the Trade, the Nation being then much incommodated by feveral Ships of
War fet out by His Majefties Commiſſion, the execution whereof could not
difcern betwixt His Subjects and His Rebels. The Prince was then in Harbour at
Lisbone, whither Blake directly failed with 16 able Men of War,and blockt up
the Port, demanding licenſe to fall upon the Frince in the River; which being
denied, an attempt was made by him; but the Cattles firing upon his foremoſt
Frigots, in favour and protection of the Prince's Fleet, he was forced to give
it over, and come to an Anchor at the Mouth of the Tagus, refolving to ftop
· and ſeize ſuch Veffels of the Portugals as ſhould make for that place: and the Bra-
zile Sugar-Fleet was then daily expected.
An Act now paffed for removing obftructions in the fale of the King, Queen,
and Princes Lands, as they then called them: and ſeveral Mannors and Lands
were apportioned to the Souldiers for their Arrears, whofe Debentures were
now ſtated by the Committee of the Army, the Common Souldiers purcha-
fiing in manner of a Corporation by Regiments; the frequency of theſe Deben-
tares (which the old Officers and Reformadoes fold at Half a Crown in the
pound, and ſo drew in a great number of Citizens to be Bargainers with the
Truſtees named in the Act for the fale of the faid Lands and Hereditaments,
which were thereby inveſted and ſetled on them for the uſe of the Common-
wealth) gave an opportunity to one Granger and his Complices to counterfeit
torious Cheats. the Hands of the faid Committee, by which means feveral falfe Debentures
were put upon the Commiflioners, and more Cheats upon thoſe that bought
them, when at laft they came to be diſcovered. This Granger, who juftified
his little Cheats by their great ones, continued this kinde of Trade throughout
the ufurpation, in levying Affeffements by Warrants, which he would counter-
feit and make uſe of to any of the Treaſurers of the Coftome-boufe or Cham-
ber of London, and to any Collectors and Receivers of any publike Money,
eſpecially in Gromwels raign, and yet never fuffered further than the Pillory and
a Temporary Impriſonment,and is yet alive,and in cuftody for his former Cheats,
and the like endeavours and attempts of late.
The King was yet at Ferfey, whither the Lord Libberton was Arrived,
{
and
1649.
257
England, Scotland and Ireland.
+
to the King at
and having delivered his Letters to the King from the Committee of Eftates of Lord Liberton
Scotland, was very well received and liked of by the King, and in February di brings Letters
fpacht away, and on the 18 of the faid Month landed at Leith with Letters like- frem Scotland
wife from the King, which though they were not in all particulars according to Jerfey.
the with and mind of the Effates; yet did they fo far fatistic, that Commulio- The Scots ap-
ners were apppointed forthwith to go for Holland, to commence the Treaty point Commif-
which was appointed by the King at Breda, the Prince of Aurange being de- at Breda.
fiorers to treat
fired by the Scots to moderate and mediate in that affair. The King in his de- The King in
parture from Jersey, was by a fudden Guft of Wind near over-fet (it being a lit- dager of
tle Bark that conveyed him into France) had not one of his Retinue very fortu- dearning.
nately with his Knite cut the Cordage that held the Main-fheet, and let it flie in
the Wind. So the good hand of Providence ftill took care of and preferved
him to moſt glorious and wonderful Revolutions.
In the interim the Scots are buti in purging their Army of all Officers who The Scots
were any way concerned in Hamilton's Engagement, and were not throughly purge their Ars
Kirkified, twelve of fuch being turned out of Command in Liflies own Regi- my, and fend
ment, to leave no advantage to the King of requiring any favour tor fuch of his to the King.
Commiffioners
own or that Party to be admitted into Places of Trult; and witnal,they thought
fit now to give an anſwer to that mentioned Declaration of the Marquels of
Montroß, molt virulently and falfly answering the Contents thereof, by utter de-
nial of their promoting the War in England, or felling the late King, or tying
his Son (their prefent Sovereign) to any further Conditions or Agreements
than what his Predeceffors had conftantly been bound to, and the Laws and Cu-
ftoms of the Nation did require; and finally, adjured all men to beware of
Apoftacie, or taking part with that Montter of Men (fo they filed that Mar-
tyr, the Honour of their Country) James Graham, more defervedly and fa-
moufly known Marquefs of Montroß. But the Sun 'was not clearer at Neon-
day, than the truth of that Charge in every particular, as full experience did
convincingly demontirate. The Commiffioners names that were feut, and who
departed in March, were the Earls of Caffils and Lothian, Sir John Smith, the
Lord Libberton, Laird Broady, Jefferies, Leviton, Wood, and Hutchinfun, who
had Intiructions to acquaint the King, that the Committee of Eftates and Ge-
neral Atfembly were not fatisfied with his laft Letters, and to infift that he would
take the National Covenant, and enjoyn others to do it; that he would aban-
don the Counſel and Company of the Marquels of Montroß, and other ſuch Ma-
lignants, that then they thould invite him to come into his Realm of Scotland, They extent a-
and take his Word that he would not bring any Cavaliers over with him, they gift Ma-
having already excepted (not deigning further mention of Montroß) againſt lignants.
Duke Hamilton, the Earl of Lauderdaile, Dunfermling, Ruthen, the Lords Na-
pier, Fendraught, St. Clare, Garnegy, and Eython, and fome others; and com-
manded the Earl of Calendar upon penalty of 100000 Mark Scots to depart
the Kingdom: other matters upon the Treaty the King left to the Parliament,
which he likewife allowed and confirmed, and all proceedings had been had or
done therein: which fhall fuffice for the account of that Tranfaction; neither
the King nor the Commiffioners taking any notice of Montroffes preparation to
come into that Kingdom, but purpoſely avoiding any difpute about it, of which
we fhall have occafion to fpeak prefently.
•
At home, the Parliament to comply with the Propoſals of the Army and their
former Agreements, made fhew of diffolving themfelves, and chuting a new
Reprefentative, and debated upon qualifications of Members, for new Tumults
were feared among the Souldiery; and one Marton a notable Adjutator, who Marston the
had eſcaped from Burford defeat, was now ordered to be taken into Cuftody. Leveller kills
The Meffengers accordingly came to his Lodging in Alderfgate-street, and fend- tivo Mellen.
ing him word to come down, he with a Stilletto killed two of them out-right, wounding a
and forely wounded the third, and eſcaped; but being retaken, and terribly cut third, dfcapes ;
in his endeavouring to make another eſcape, he was Arraigned at the Sellions- is afterwards
houfe in the Old Baily, and condemned to be hanged in the faid Street; which taken and ex
Mm
was
gers, ad
ecuted.
258
Part II
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
}
t
Sir John
Berckley and
Col. Walter
Slingſby fe-
cured.
The Engage-
ment preffed
the Parlia
meat.
Great Robbe-
ries.
A new Coun-
cil of State.
was accordingly executed, fo preventing another death from the grievouſneſs of
his wounds. He was a truly fout perſon, and died as refolutely as his weak-
nefs would permit.
Sir John Berkley and Colonel Walter Slingsby were now taken at Colonel
Travanions houſe in Cornwal, and fecured; which made them conceive there was
fome defignes on foot for the King to be put in execution. At the fame time they
proceeded with the old Vizor of Piety, voting fome Expedients for the pro-
pagation of the Goſpel, and withal, very ſtrictly urging Subſcriptions to the
new Engagement, which at laft vifited the University of Oxford, and was as
by unwelcome and deftructive to the new Fellows and Scholars, put in by the Pres-
byterian Party of Parliament in 1647, and 48. as the Covenant was (being ten-
dered in the like manner) to the rightful proprietors (the Loyal Students) then
ejected; particularly Doctor Reynolds, who came in the place of Doctor Fell,re-
figned it to one Owen, who was made Doctor in Divinity (famous for his primer
and his better Leffon of flattery with Oliver) and Dean of Chrift-Church. Ne-
ver greater or more Robberies committed by Thieves than at this time, for which
almoft 60 fuffered at Tyburn at two Seffions.
Mr. Afcham
and Mr. Vane
fent Agents in
to Spain and
Portugal.
A new Council of State was (as their annual change required) now confti-
tuted, Bafil Earl of Denbigh being first named in the Act by which it was ap-
pointed; by whom Mr. Anthony Afcham and Mr. Charles Vane were fent A-
gents to the refpective Kings of Spain and Portugal, in the Fleet with General
Blake. Care was likewife taken for another Fleet to be preſently equipped,
which fhould confift of 30 great Men of War: and feveral Frigats of great
Force were now upon the Stocks, and preparation made for others; the Names
The Names of of moft of the former Navy being changed, taking their new Names from the
Ships changed. feveral places of the Parliaments Succeffes and Victories; others relating to the
Dignities of the Government, as the Prefident, and the Faithful Speaker, now
newly lanched; fo that the Dutch began to look about them. Several Com-
plaints were now made to them, from ſome that had fuffered for their difloy-
A Fleet fent to alty in the Ifle of Barbadoes, as alfo from other of the Loyal American Domini-
Barbadoes 4- ons, except New England, that yet kept in Statu quo; whereupon the State de-
gaiaft the
creed to fend a Fleet thither to reduce that place, it being now Governed by the
Lord Wil-
loughby of Lord Willoughby of Parham, fent thither by the King from Holland, whither
Parham. his Lordship had withdrawn from the violence of the Army, being one of thoſe
Peers whom they queftioned for Treaſon in 1647.
Cavaliers to
depart Lon-
don.
Orders con-
ceraing Delin-
quents Eftates.
An Act came now out likewife, Commanding all Royallifts to depart Lon-
don, and twenty miles beyond it, with an injunction not to ftir five miles
from their own habitation, and to give notice to the next Officer of their arri-
val there and to make through work with them, the Parliament was now in
Debate of expofing feveral of their Eftates to fale, and fuch in the first place
who were then beyond Sea; and (to raiſe theſe unhappy forfeitures to their great-
er advantage) ordering that no Eftate not Compounded for in the Delinquents
life-time, ſhould be now Compounded for by his Heirs,but ſhould accrue entire
to the State. Against feveral Branches of this and other harsh uſage,particularly
of that reſtraint and confinement within five miles of their dwelling, the kin-
der Army interpofed their defires, as not confiftent with their former Propoſals:
but they well knew they were not to ask, and muft be diſobeyed in that particu-
lar; yea, even in this most reaſonable request of Liberty to thoſe, who had the
A new High benefit of Articles, and had Compounded. Another High Court of Justice was
Court of Fu- now a forming, which though the Act that Conftituted it bore date the 5 of
flice conftitn April in the year enfuing, yet we mention it here, becauſe Montroffes Expediti-
made President on and final defeat do challenge an entire ſpace of time to regifter them. Of this
thereof.
Court, Keble one of the Commiffioners of the Seal was now made Preſident,
Bradshaw being too high to do that Journey-work any longer, being Preſident of
the Councel of State : it was erected in revenge of Aſcham's and Doriflaus's death,
as a Vote and Declaration of the States angrily expreffed. An Act paffed like-
wife for the better managing of Eftates under Sequeftration; which truft was
ted. Keeble
com
1649.
255
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
committed to Samuel Moyer, James Ruſſel, Edmund Winslow, Jofas Barners,
William Mullins, Arthur Squib, and Rowland Moor; names fo terrible, and
Haberdashers-Hall their Court or Judicature fo hated and infamed, for the vio-
lences done by theſe perſons there, that they are not to be paffed without a mark
to Pofterity. They likewife Enacted the outing of all Officers who fhould not
nor had taken the Engagement; another Act against Mariners ferving of For-
rein Princes, which ſtill carried an ill aſpect towards the Dutch: another (accor-
ding to their tenour of profeffed Sanctity) againft Fornication; which was
paffed in April, but was not to take place till the 24 of June enfuing; the first An Act against
Reading thereupon was Harry Martin's, who faid it was made to catch Fools, Fornication.
for that there was a Claufe in it, That no perfon fhould be convicted without the
joynt-teftimony of two witneſſes; yet an Old Man and an Old Woman of above
80 years old apiece fuffered afterwards for it; and for the open guilt whereof,
they had turned out Gregory Clement, one of their Members, though others lewd
enough kept their Seats; and finally, one for the levying of 90000 lib. per
menfem for the three firſt, and 60000 l. for the three lait months, by which they
hoped to ingratiate with the people, now heavily complaining of the preffures
and the ruine of their Trade. And fo we conclude this firft year of the Go-
vernment of our Novel Free States.
Anno Dom. 1650.
WE E begin the Year with the end of one of the Nobleft Gallanteft Per- An Account of
fons that Age faw amongst all the Wars and Broils in Chriften- the last actions
dom: A Captain whofe unexampled Atchievements have fam'd a Hiftory; and of the Marqueß
were its Volume ten times bigger, it would yet be difproportionate to the due of Montrofs.
praiſes of this matchless Heroe. Enter and Exit the glorious Marquefs of Mon-
troß, whofe moſt lamentable Fate and Catastrophe, we will here fum up in this
(no way competent ) compendious Narrative.
After his departure out of Scotland, as you have read, he betook himſelf to the He was offered
Court of France, where he was proffered the Captainfhip of the Scots Guards to be Capt.
of the Scots
to that King, a place of great Honour and Revenue; but being delayed by Car- Guards to the
dinal Mazarine, who affected not that Nation, and his ſpirit aiming at his own King of
Princes Service, he betook himſelf to the King then at the Hague, where he en- France.
deavoured after the Murther of King Charles the firſt, a like new Commiſſion
for Scotland; but being thwarted therein by Duke Hamilton, then refiding
there likewife (and his confident Friends the Earls of Lauderdale and Calen-
dar) who was æmulous of his former glories in the Government, and late War
of that Kingdom; he betook himſelf to the Emperor at Vienna, where he was
preſently proffered the Command of an Army of 10000 men, and to be in-
dependent of any other General; but the Peace being concluded betwixt the The Emperor at
Swede and the Emperour, he departed, upon purſuit of his adventure into Scot- Vienna offers
land, having obtained a Commiffion from the King; and in order to that Ex- to make bim
pedition,was furnished with four fhips from the Duke of Holftein, fome fupplies nerals.
from the King of Denmark, and 1500 Arms from the Queen of Sweden (and
fome Horſe promiſed under General King from thence) and a little neat Frigat
for his own conveyance; fome monies alſo were disburſt to him, which were
tranfmitted to Amsterdam, for other the like occafions and neceffaries, and
there falfly and bafely ſquandred away by one Colonel Ogilby, an old friend,
and now entruſted by the Marquefs in that affair unfortunately and unhappily
enough, a limb of the Defigne being thus broken.
With theſe the Marquefs (as is fuppofed) fearing left he ſhould have an ex-
prefs command to defift from his purpoſe, becauſe the Treaty betwixt the
Prince and the Scotifh Commiffioners was now very ncer a conclufion, did pre-
cipitate himſelf and thofe that were with him into a most inevitable ruine. Now
Mm 2
all
one of his Ge-
1
1
&
260
Marque of
Montrofs
Arms for the
King in Scot-
land.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II
all thoſe great Levies and Aids, thoſe mighty preparations for the Invading of a
Kingdom fettled in a pofture of War, and well forewarned of his intentions, a-
mounted not above the number of fix or feven hundred at the molt, itrangers and
all. The Common Souldiers which adventured over with him, most of them
Holsteyners or Hamburgers. He had fent him by the Queen of Sweden, for the
arming of ſuch Gentlemen as (hould upon his arrival betake themſelves to his
Party (as before) 1500 Arms compleat for Horfe, Back, Brett, Head-piece, Car-
bines, Piſtols, and Swords; all which (after his defeat in Cathnes) were taken
untouch'd. With this fmall preparation, it was a defperate action to attempt
fo mighty a bufinefs. And although his touching firft upon the Island did en-
creaſe his number, and gave him almoft the beginning of an Army; yet were
thofe barbarous people fo raw and unacquainted with Difcipline, that they pro-
ved in a manner uſeleſs and unferviceable. 'Tis true, the Inhabitants of thoſe
Ifles were a people in former times very fierce and warlike, and have under their
own Captains made many great Impreffions into the very heart of the Kingdom.
But whether it was the policie of the late Kings to leave them untrained of pur-
poſe to break their natural fierceness, or becauſe their own Captains being quel-
led or cut off, they cared not much to engage under any other; certain it is,that
Kingdom for 200 years laſt paſt hath not made lefs ufe of any they had under
their Jurifdiction, nor have they at this prefent lefs opinion of any Scots for
Military courage and valour. And this may be alledged as a great cauſe of
their remifsnefs and unweildinefs, whilft they were in the Marqueffes Service.
I told you a little before of Montrof's whole ftrength which did accompany him
from Germany, whereof two ſhips (with near upon a third part) were fent be
• His ill fucceß. fore; but by form of weather (which is both frequent and dangerous)amongſt
thofe Northern Iflands, they were loft with all the men and Arms, nothing fa
ved This was another check, and as it were a warning and a forerunner of
the fad event which followed. But the buſineſs being fatal, he muſt needs con-
tribute his own endeavours towards that deftruction which his cruel fortune had
provided for him. For he being nothing terrified with this. fucceſs, fends out
a ſecond party, which making a more profperous Voyage, landed at Orkney,
and entred the Inland without any refiftance; there being at that time no Ġar-
rifon or defence placed in any of thoſe Iſlands by the States of Scotland: toge-
ther with theſe he ſent ſeveral Commiffions for levying Horſe and Foot. Im-
mediately there were feveral diſpatched to Scotland, and the Iſlands adjacent
for that purpoſe: the people of the Country being in no condition to refift
theſe Officers, endeavoured in hopes of favour as much as they could to further
the defigne: And thoſe who were not ſo earneſt, were by their own neighbours,
favourers of the Cauſe, and theſe violent Commiffioners,forced to take up Arms.
Not long after, landed the Marquels himself with the reft of his Company,
together with thofe Gentlemen which were refolved to partake of his fortune;
amongſt whom were feveral perfons of note: Colonel Hurry was there, a man
who had engaged in all Quarrels, but never profpered in any; the Lord Fren-
draught (for his Kinfman the Lord Napier was left in Holland) Colonel Jabnfon
a refolute man and an old Souldier, Colonel Gray a German Souldier, Harry
Graham his own natural Brother, Colonel James Hay of Naughton, Sir Francis
Hay of Dalgety, George Drummond of Ballach. For he had employed as was
thought Colonel Sibbalds (his Companion heretofore) as his Agent in Scotlands
but he was apprehended at Muffelburgh, and did accompany his General in death
upon the fame Scaffold. The Marquefs continued a confiderable time in Orkney,
raifing of Forces, and ftrengthning himſelf with fuch Recruits as the place
would afford: Neither was there any preparation at all made in Scotland to dif
poffefs him of theſe Iſlands, either becauſe it might be thought a difficult bufi
neſs to affail him within thofe places naturally guarded with a rough and dan-
gerous Sea, or becauſe they knowing his ftrength, expected a better opportunity
of him, as they found indeed, within the Country.
After
1649.
261
England, Scotland and Freland.
Holborn.
The danger of
this attempt.
After this poor rabble of filly creatures was amaffed, he refolved at laſt to
Embarque; and to that purpoſe gathers all the Boats he could finde, fhips his
men, and in a fhort ſpace Lands them all upon the point of Cathnes, which is
the fartheft land to the North-weft of Scotland. The people having fome expe-
rience of the carriage of his former fouldiery, and now far more dreading the
name of Forrainers, partly by the terrible. reports which were conſtantly given
out of him, fled away in heaps, many of them not ſtopping till they came to
the chief City Edenborough, and there gave the terrible Alarm to the Parlia- The Parliament
ment then fitting. The Commanders were immediately fummoned, and char- at Edenburgh
Alarmed.
ged with all poffible haft to get the ftanding Forces in readiness; and a Rendez-
vouze (in order to the States Command) was hereupon preiently enjoyned
at Brechin Northward. Colonel Straughan (who was then in high efteem Col. Straughan
with the great ones for his Valour lately expreffed in the Engliſh ſervice, and his lent with a
Zeal to the Presbyterian Caufe, much extol'd at that time) had an ample and choice party of
Horſe to oppose
particular Commiffion granted to him by the Parliament, to command a choice him.
party of Horfe, which ſhould not be ſubject to David Lefly's Orders, but might
Engage and Fight with the Enemy at his beft advantage. With thefe (being
not above 300) he advanced before the Army; David Lefley with the rest of After bin fol.
the Horſe, and Holborne with the Foot marching after him. In the mean time los Lefly and
the Marquels advanced, but very flowly; and that he might not be miſtaken,
( fince all the world was much aſtoniſhed at this. Invaſion now whilft the King
was upon a Treaty) he publifhed a fecond Declaration, wherein he laboured The Marq. pab-
to clear himſelf of any afperfion of finifter ends. That his intention was onely libeth a De-
againſt ſome particular perfons, who had againſt the Laws of the Kingdom, claration.
raiſed and maintained a War againſt the Kings Father, and did now by their
fubtile practiſes endeavour to deſtroy the Son alfo. That he intended nothing
againſt the Generality of the Kingdom. Laftly, Exhorting all Subjects of that
Nation to endeavour to free themſelves from the Tyranny of thoſe who for the
prefent ruled the State, and the oppreffion of the Miniftry. But the Country,
for ſeveral Cauſes, did not come to fecond him as he expected. For the Earl
of Sunderland, a potent man in thoſe parts, his Lands being next to the place Earl of Sun-
where the Marqueſs then was, raiſed a great power of his Tenants and Friends,
derland oppos
and did his beſt to terrifie and hinder all that were willing to joyn with him.
And though he found himſelf unable to deal with the Marquefs's Forces, yet
did he stop all intercourſe betwixt him and his Friends. And thofe Gentle-
men who had heretofore followed him, and yet inclined to affift him, knowing
the danger of the enterprfe, confidering the fewness of his number, and that
his Souldiers were much undifciplined, and unlike to the former with whom
he had done fo great things,began to be averfe,and have a fufpition of the event.
Yet have I heard fome fay, which knew well enough the fituation of that Coun-
try, that if he had not been fuppreffed in the nick, he might have gained fuch
ſtrength amongst the Hills, as might have given him leifure enough to have
ftrengthened his own Party, and tired out the Enemy. Howfoever, he was
not altogether unmindful of a retreat: There is in that Country a Caftle called
Dumbath; the Lord or Laird thereof is the head of a very Antient Family, but
no friend of the Marqueffes. This Gentleman (having left his Houfe in the file frendred
keeping of his Lady and ſome ſervants) fled to Edenburgh. The Lady (though to the Diar
the place was naturally fortified) yet upon fummons delivered it to Colonel queß his For-
Hurry, (who was fent thither by the Marquefs with a party of Foot to reduce
it) upon conditions her Goods and Eſtate might be fecured, and the with her
Servants fuffered to march away. Harrey having placed a Governour and a
Garriſon (as he thought) fufficient for the defence of the place, returned to
the Marquefs, who was advanced to the place, or neer it, where he was to loſe
at one Throw both his Life and Fortune. The Marquefs hearing of the Ene-
mies approach, made his whole Forces March at a great Trot, to recover a Pafs
which they were not very far from, when he himſelf in the Van-guard diſcover-
ed the first party, which was Straughan's Forlorn-hope, advancing very faſt
Col.Straughan
fets upon him.
upon
(eth him.
Dumbath-ca.
ces.
250
Part II
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
The Marg. of
Montrols ds-
feated Ap. 29.
•
His Standard
taken, and the
bearer thereof
flain taken
beſides on the
Marqueß his
fide, Col. Hur-
rey, Lord
Frendraught
Sir Francis
Hay, &c.
1
upon him. So that thefe, with their hafte and the Soul diers running, found
them both out of Breath and Order. The fecond Party was Commanded by
Straughan himſelf, and the Rear-guard by Colonel Ker, for he had divided them
into three Bodies: But now the first party being very neer, there was a Forlorn-
hope of 100 Foot drawn out to meet them, who giving fire upon them, put
them to a diforderly retreat; but being immediately feconded by Straugban's
Party, they made good their Charge, and fo terrified the Iflanders with that
breach, that moſt of them threw down their Arms, and called for Quarter.
Onely the Dutch-companies (after they had beftowed a Volley or two amongſt
the Horfe) retreated into fome fhrubs hard by, and there very valiantly defen-
ded themſelves a while, but were all taken at laft. There were killed in this
buſineſs to the number of 200. taken 1200; very few efcaped. For the whole
Country being in Arms, especially Sunderland-men (who came not to the Fight,
but to the Execution) they killed or took Prifoners all fuch as fled. In that
skirmish was taken the Standard which he had caufed to be made on purpofe
to move the affections of the people, with this Motto, Judge and revenge my
Caufe, O Lord; and the Portraict of the late King beheaded, exactly well done.
The Standard-bearer (a very gallant young Gentleman) was killed, after he
had feveral times refuſed quarter: there was Colonel Hurrey taken, the Lord
Frendraught, Sir Francis Hay of Dalgetie, Colonel Hay of Naughton, Colonel
Gray, and moſt of the Officers, and two Minifters.
The Marq. of
Montrols ta-
ken, May 3.
by the Laird of
Afton,
The Marquefs (after he faw the day was abfolutely loft) threw away his
Cloak, which had the Star on it (having received the Order of the Garter a
little while before :) his Sword was likewife found,and not very far off his Horfe,
which he had forfaken: For fo foon as he had got clear off that ground where
the Skirmiſh was, he betook himſelf to foot; and lighting upon one of that
Country, or one of his own Souldiers (I know not whether) took his High-
land Apparel from him, and fo in that Habit conveyed himſelf away: But
fuch narrow fearch being made for him, he could not long eſcape; yet he conti-
nued in the open fields three or four days, without any notice gotten of him.
At laft the Laird of Afton (being in Arms with fome of his Tenants, and a--
broad in that fearch) happened on him: He had been one of his followers
before. In that place he had continued three or four days without Meat or
Drink, with one onely man in his company. The Marquels knowing him, and
believing to finde friendſhip at his hands, willingly diſcovered himſelf; but Aften
not daring to conceal him, and being greedy of the reward which was promiſed
to the Apprehender by the Council of State, feized upon him and difarmed
him. 'Tis faid he profered great fums for his Liberty, which being in vain, he
defired to dye by the hands of thoſe that took him,rather than be made an objec
of mifery and ſhame (as he knew very well he fhould) by his enraged Enemies.
But neither of his defires was granted, but in place of them a ftrong Guard fet
on him, and fo conveyed to David Lefley. Strangban having atchieved his bu-
finefs with great expedition, and freed the State from this much-feared danger,
returned to Edenburgh, leaving the reſt of the buſineſs to Lefley and Holborn,
where he received great rewards and thanks for his Eminent Service; not with-
out the great heart-burning of David Lefley, who feeing a rival rifen up to his
honour, and one whom he lookt upon as an upſtart Souldier, have ſo great
cefs, fretted not a little. Howfoever, forwards he moves to accomplish the reft
of the work, which was now of no great confequence; for there retted nothing
Dumbath-Ca- within the Country, but onely the Caftle of Dumbaih, which being out of all
file yielded to
hopes of relief after the defeat, ſo ſoon as they were perfectly affured thereof
the Covenan-
by fome Priſoners they knew, yielded the Garrifon. The Governour was pri-
foner at mercy; the Souldiers being Dutch, were upon terms to return home-
wards. There was nothing elſe to be done, fave the reducing of the lands,
and the Town of Kirkwall in Orkney, where Colonel Johnfon and Colonel Har-
ry Grabam were left, when the Marquefs paffed over to Cathnes: but Mon-
troß (either becauſe he could not fpare any Souldiers, or becaufe he expected
and cenveyed
to David Lef-
lex.
ters.
>
fuc-
better
1649.
263
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
:
bis Fath r-in-
laws the Earl
better fuccefs) had left them almoft naked, though there were feveral places
in thoſe Ifles which might have been made very Tenable. Colonel Johnson
having had notice of the defeat, with thoſe that were with him, took fhipping,
and returned from whence he came; fo did Harry Graham likewife, elfe both of
them had tafted of the fame fauce which their General did. Thus Lefley's For-
ces entred without any refiftance, feized upon the Arms which Montroß had
brought thither, together with two pieces of Ordnance, the Queen of Swe-
deas prefent; the little Friggot of 16 Guns which lay in Harbour, the Maſter of
her being gon afhore into one of the Iſlands, and the Company ſeeing the event
of the buſineſs, revolted, and brought in that likewiſe. The Victory being now
compleat, there was a folemn day of Thankſgiving appointed through the The Covenan
ters give folema
whole Kingdom, Bonfires, Shooting of Ordnance, and other teftimonies of joy thanks for their
but many of the Gentry who had been under his Command before, having now victory.
engaged with him again, were no partakers in this joy. For fome of his Papers
being taken, many of them were afterwards difcovered, and fuffered in their
Eftates. The Marquefs being now in the Cuftody of his mortal Enemies,
from whom he could not expect the leaft favour; yet expreft a fingular conitan-
cy, and in a manner a careleffness of his own condition. Coming to his Father-
in-laws houſe, the Earl of Southesk, where two of his Children were, he pro- Montrofs
cured liberty from his Guard to fee them; but neither at meeting or parting visits bis
could any change of his former countenance be difcerned, or the leaft expreflion Children a
heard which was not fuitable to the greatnefs of his fpirit, and the fame of his
former actions. 'Tis Memorable of the Town of Dundee, where he lodged of Southesk.
one night, though it had fuffered more by his Army than any elfe within that
Kingdom, yet were they amongſt all the reft ſo far from inſulting over him,
that the whole Town teftified a great deal of forrow for his woful condition;
and there was he likewife furniſhed with Cloaths fuitable to his Birth and Per-
fon. Being come to Leith, he was received by the Magiftrates of the City of His journey to
Edenburgh, and ſtaying a while there to refreſh himself,he was afterward led to- Edenburgh.
wards the City, by that way which goes betwixt Leith and the Water-gate of
the Abbey, and with him all the Prifoners of quality on foot, betwixt thirty and
fourty; but he himſelf had the favour to be mounted on a Cart-horſe. Having
ended this part of his journey, with as much ſtate as in Triumphs is accuſtomed on a Cart-horfe
to be, he was met at the end of the Cannon-gate by fome other Officers, and and delivered
the Executioner in his Livery-coat, into whole hands he was delivered. There to the Execu
was framed for him a high feat in faſhion of a Chariot, upon each ſide of which
were holes, through which a Cord being drawn, and croffing his Breft and
Arms, bound him talt down in the Chair. The Executioner (being comman- bound with
ded ſo to do) took off the Marquefs's Hat, and put on his own Bonnet; and
Ropes zit a
the Chariot being drawn by four Horfes, he mounted one of the firft and very chair, and de
folemnly began to drive along towards the Tol-Booth. The people who were pitefully used
uf
affembled in great multitudes,and were many of them heretofore very defirous to The people pity.
fee this fpectacle,could not now refrain from tears; and thoſe who had heretofore
wifhed him all misfortune, began to be fhaken with the first Scene of his Tra-
gedy. But the implacable Miniftry having him now at their mercy, could ne- but the Mini-
ver be fatisfied with his Calamities: they reviled him with all poffible fpite, fers revile
objected frequently to him his former condition, and his prefent mifery, and him,
pronounced heavy judgements against him. Being come to the Tol-Booth,
he was very cloſely fhut up, and Itrong Guards fet upon him, and accefs denied He is Imprioned
in the Tol-booth.
to him; no, not his Father-in-law, or any of his friends fuffered to come nigh His friends not
him. There he was a confiderable time, the Minifters never ceafing to exacer- (uffered to vi-
bate his mifery of whom one being asked why they could not otherwife be fa- fit bim.
tished, but by fo ignominious handling of him? He answered, They knew no
other way to humble him, and bring him home to God.
The Parliament having notice of his approach to Edenburgh, fearing his gal-
lant prefence might gain favour among the people (which the Kirk-Minilters
thundred at afterwards) appointed a Committee to draw up a Sentence against
him
He is mounted
tioner;
bim,
·
}
264
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Jentenced to die
by a Committee
him on the 17 of May, which they did prefently: The first part about his en-
The Marqueß trance we have already feen performed; the latter part ran thus, That he should.
of Montrofs be hanged on a Gibbet at the Croß in Edenburgh until he died, bus History and De-
claration being tied about his Neck, and to hang three hours in publique view of all ·
of Parliament the people; after which he should be Bebeaded and Quartered, his head to be fixt up-
on the Priſon-bouſe of Edenburgh, and his Legs and Arms over the Gates of the
Cities of Sterling, Glafcow, Perth, alias Saint Johns-town, and Aberdeen : And
in cafe he repented (whereby the Sentence of Excommunication may be taken off by
the Church) the bulk of his Body ſhould be buried in the Gray-Friers; if not, in
the Borrow-moor (a place like Tyburn. )
ia Scotland.
Some Members
him.
:
It was ſeven a Clock at Night before he was entred into the Priſon ; and im-
and Minifters mediately the Parliament met, and fent fome of the Members and fome Mini-
ſent to examine fters to examine him; but he refufed to answer any thing to them, until he was
He refufetb to fatisfied upon what terms they food with the King, his Royal Mafter which
anfwer them. being reported unto the Parliament, they ceaſed proceedings againſt him until
Monday, and allowed their Commiffioners to tell him, that the King and they
were agreed he then defired to be at reft, for he was weary with a long Jour-
ney; and ſaid, The Complement they had put upon him that day was ſomewhat
tedious.
The chancel
Iams Speech in
Parliament a-
gainst the
Marqu B.
The Marqueß
of Montroffes
Anſwer in
Parliament.
The next day (being Sunday) he was conftantly attended by Miniſters and
Parliament-men, who ſtill purſued him he told them, They thought they had
affronted him the day before by carrying him in a Cart, but they were much mista-
ken for he thought it the most honourable and joyfullest Cavalcade that ever be
made, God having all the while most comfortably manifested his prefence to him, and
furniſhed him with a refolution to over-look the reproaches of men, and to behold
Him, for whofe Cauſe be ſuffered.
Upon Monday in the forenoon he was brought before the Parliament, and
after the delivery of a long-penned difcourfe by the Chancellor, wherein he
was pleafed to take notice of bis mifcarriages against the first Covenant, the League
and Covenant, his Invafion and joyning with the Irish Rebels, and blood-guiltineß ›
and that now how God had brought him to juſt puniſhment: He defired to know
if he might be allowed to fpeak for himfelt, which being granted, he ſaid, Since
you have declared unto me that you have agreed with the King, I look upon you, as
if his Majesty were fitting among you; and in that Relation I appear with this Re-
verence, Bare headed: My care hath been always to walk as became a good Chri-
Stian and a Loyal Subject ↳ I engaged in the first Covenant, and was faithful to it,un-
til I perceived fome private perfons under colour of Religion intended to wring the
Authority from the King, and to seize on it for themſelves; and when it was
thought fit, for the clearing of honest men, that a Bond ſhould be Subſcribed, where-
in the fecurity of Religion was fufficiently provided for, 1 ſubſcribed. For the League
and Covenant, I thank God I was never in it, and fo could not break it ; but how
far Religion bath been advanced by it, and the fad confequences that have followed
it, thefe poor diftreffed Kingdoms can witneß: when his late Majefty had by the
blessing of God almost fubdued thofe Enemies that rose up against him in England,
and that a Faction of this Kingdom went in to the affistance of them, His Majesty
gave Commiſſion to me to come into this Kingdom,and to make a diverfion of thofe For-
ces that were going from hence against him. I acknowledged the Command mot just,
and I conceived my felf bound in Confcience and Duty to obey it. What my carriage
was in this Country,many of you may bear witneß; diforders in any Army cannot be
Prevented, but they were fooner known than punished; never was any Blood fpilt
but in Battle, and even then many thousand lives have I preferved; and as I came
in upon his Majefties Warrant, fo upon his Letters did I lay afide all Interests, and
retreated.
And for my coming in at this time, it was by his Majefties Command, in order to
the accelerating of the Treaty betwixt Him and you; His Majesty knowing, that
when ever he had ended with you, I was ready to retire upon hu Call. I may justly
+
Say,
1
1
1650.
265
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Say, that never Subject acted upon more honorable grounds, nor by a more Lawful
Power, than I did in this Service; and therefore I defire you to lay afide prejudice,
and confider me as a Chriftian, in relation to the justice of the Quirrel; as a Sub-
ject, in relation to my Royal Masters Command; and as your Neighbour, in relation
to the many of your lives I bave preſerved in Battle: And be not too rash, but let
me be judged by the Laws of God, the Laws of Nature and Nations, and the Laws
of this Land, if you do otherwife, I do here Appeal from you to the righteous Judge
of the World, who one day must be both your Judge and mine, and who always gives
righteous Judgment.
who
Sentence to be
read.
And the Mar-
This he delivered with ſuch gravity, and without paffion, as was much admi- The Chancellor
red even of his Enemies. After which the Chancellour commanded the Sen- comands the
tence to be read; which he heard with a fettled and an unmoved Countenance;
and defiring to be further heard, was prefently flopt by the Chancellour,
Commanded he fhould be prefently removed back again to prifon; where he
was no fooner come, but the Minifters affault him atrefh, aggravating the ter- queß to be con
rour of the Sentence, thereby to affright him. He acknowledged himself much veyed back to
beholding to the Parliament for the Honour they had put upon him, faying, He prifon.
took it for a greater honour to have his Head and upon the Prison-gate for this Quar- His noble beha.
rel, than to have his Picture in the Kings Bed-chamber. And (left his Loyalty viour there.
Should be forgotten) they had highly honoured him, in designing lasting Monuments
to four of the chiefest Cities, to bear up his Memorial to all Pofterity; wishing he
bad had flesh enough to have ſent a piece to every City in Christendom, to witneß his
Loyalty to his King and Country.
KA
His Friends were not fuffered to come neer him, but a Guard was always in
the Chamber with him, infomuch as he had neither time nor place for his pri-
vate Devotions, but in their hearing.
rich attire.
The next day being the 21.cloathed in a Scarlet-cloak richly laced with Gold- He comes to the
Jace, he was brought to the Scaffold: He came along the Streets with fo great Scaffold in
state, and there appeared in his Countenance fo much Beauty, Majeſty, and
Gravity, as amazed the Beholders; and many even of his Enemies did acknow-
ledge him to be the gallanteft Subject in the World. But becauſe all his Friends.
and Well-willers were debarred from coming near him, there was a Boy (de-
figned for that purpofe on the Scaffold) who took his laft Speech; which was
to this effect:
I
Am forry if this manner of my End be fcandalous to any good Chriftian. Doth The Marques
it not often happen to the righteous according to the ways of the righteous doth of Montrols
not fometimes a just man perish in his righteousneß, and a wicked man profper in his bis Speech on
malice? They who know me ſhould not 'difeſteem me for this; many greater than I
the Scaffold,
bave been dealt with in this kind: yet I must not ſay, but that all Gods Judgments
are juſt : For my private fins, I acknowledge this to be just with God, I fubmit my
felf to him; but in regard of man, I may fay, that they are but Inftruments, Gad
forgive them, I forgive them they have oppreffed the poor, and vioiently perverted
Judgment and Justice, but he that is higher than they will reward them.
What I did in this Kingdom, was in obedience to the moſt juſt Command of my So-
vereign, for his defence in the day of his diſtreß, against thoſe that roſe up againſt
him. I acknowledge nothing, but fear God and Honour the King, according to
the Commandments of God, and the Law of Nature and Nations; and I have not
finned againk man, but againſt God,and with him there is mercy, which is the ground
of my drawing near unto him.
It is objected against me by many, (even good People) that I am under the Cen-
Sure of the Church: This is not my fault fince it is only for doing my Duty, by obey-
ing my Princes moſt juſt Command for Religion, his Sacred Perfon and Authority.
Tet I am forry they did Excommunicate me, and in that which is according to Gods
Laws, without wronging my Confcience or Allegeance, I defire to be retaxed: if
they will not do it, I appeal to God, who is the righteous Judge of the world, and
who mujt, and will, I hope, be my Judge and Saviour.
Nn
It
+
266
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
i
}
Mark the bor-
rible unchri-
Scotch Kirk
stianity of the
The Marqueß
gives mony to
the Executio-
ner, who ac-
cording to the
Sentence hang-
ed his Decla-
ration and Hi-
flory about his
Neck.
He is banged
oa a Gibbet.
Cromwel for
England,
May.
Cromwels
cruelty to the
English Royal
lifts.
It is spoken of me, that I should blame the King (God forbid ;) for the late
King, he lived a Saint, and died a Martyr I pray God I may fo end as he did: If
ever I should wish my Soul in another mans ftead, it should be in his. For his Ma-
jefty now living, never people I believe might be more happy in a King: His Com-
mands to me were moſt juſt : in nothing that he promiſeth will be fail. He deals
justly with all men, I pray God he be fo dealt withal, that be be not betrayed under
truſt, as his father was.
I defire not to be mistaken, as if my carriage at this time in relation to your
ways were ſtubborn ; I do but follow the light of my own Confcience, which is ſe-
conded by the working of the Spirit of God that is within me Ithank him, I go to
Heavens Throne with joy. If be enable me against the fear of Death, and furniſh
me with courage and confidence to embrace it, even in its most ugly fhape, let God be
glorified in my end, though it were in my damnation. Yet I say not this out of any
fear or mistrust, but out of my Duty to God, and Love to his people.
I have no more to fay, but that I defire your Charity and Prayers. I shall pray for
you all I leave my Soul to God, my Service to my Prince, my Good-will to my
Friends, and my Name and Charity to you all. And thus briefly I have exonerated
my Confcience.
up
Being defired to pray apart, he faid, I have already poured out my Soal before
the Lord, who knows my heart, and into whofe hands I have commended my Spirit,
and he hath been pleased to return to me a full affurance of peace in Jefus Chrift my
Redeemer; and therefore if you will not joyn with me in prayer, my reiterating it
again will be both Scandalous to you and me. So clofing his eyes, and holding
his hands, he ſtood a good ſpace at his inward Devotions, being perceived to
be inwardly moved all the while: when he had done, he called for the Execu
tioner, and gave him money; who having brought unto him (hanging in a
Cord) his Declaration and Hiftory, hanged them about his Neck, when he faid,
Though it hath pleafed his Sacred Majesty that now is, to make him one of the
Knights of the most Honourable Order of the Garter, yet be did not think himſelf
more honoured by the Garter, than by that Cord and Book, which he would embrace
about his Neck with as much joy and content, as ever he did the Garter, or a Chain of
Gold; and therefore defired them to be tied unto him as they pleaſed.
When this was done,and his arms tied, he asked the Officers, If they bad any
more Dishonour (as they conceived it) to put upon him, he was ready to accept it.
And fo with an undaunted Courage and Gravity fuffered according to the Sen-
tence paſt upon him.
Thus fell that Heroical Perfon by a moft malicious and barbarous fort of cru-
elty, but
Sequitur ultor à tergo Deus, there is a Fury at hand ready with
a Whip of Snakes to puniſh this Viperous Brood of men: For Crommel having
been fecretly called for over from Ireland, to amufe all parties (both the Iriſh
who trembled at his prefence, and made no confiderable refiftance againft him
and his fortune; and the General himſelf at home, who expected not fuch his
fudden rivalſhip to his Command, which gave him no time for mature confide-
ration of the defigne; the Scots, who though allarmed by frequent rumours of
an Engliſh Invafion, yet were not fo forward in their Levies, as having affurance.
of Fairfax's diffatisfaction) was now wafted over into England, preventing his
Letters he had fent to the States to know their exprefs pleature for his departing
that Kingdom; which before we leave,we muft infert fome omiffions. Colo-
nel Hamond a Kentish Gentleman, and firm Royallift, who was a Colcheſtrian,
and had been impriſoned at Windfor, being by the mutiny of his Souldiers (the
Marquefs of Ormonds Regiment) which he Commanded, forced to render him-
felf and Officers at difcretion (the Garrifon being the Caftle before mentioned.
of Gowran, accepting of life from Cromwel,and refuſing to fight)was immediately
fhot to death, one Lieutenant only eícaping: The like fate fuffered a Dutch Co-
lonel, one Major Syms,and another Lieutenant-Colonel of the Lord Inchiqueens
Loyal Party that yet adhered to him, being worited by the Lord Brogbil, where
in
1650.
267
England, Scotland and Ireland.
J
in fight they loft 600 men near Bandon-bridge. Colonel Wogan, that noble per- col. Wogan
fon, who had been fo conftant a terrour to them, having corrupted or converted efcapes.
his Keeper Colonel Phair's Marthal, efcaped with him to his old friends, being;
referv'd to the fame death by Cromwel, but by Providence to be a further plague
to them,in that & another Kingdom & place,as we fhall fee in the continuation An Embaſſa-
of this Chronicle. About the fame time with Cromwel arrived here from Holland dor from Hol-
the Lord Joachimi,in quality of Embaffador from the States General,fent on pur-
land.
pofe to understand the condition of affairs here, & what ftability this Common-
wealth was yet grounded upon or like to obtain, and report it to his Superiors.
Further yet in Ireland. After the departure of Cromwel, in the Province of Vl-
fter, where the Bishop of Cloghor, Emir Mac Mahon was Generaliffimo, the Ixifh
not being to be ſatisfied till the Conduct of Affairs was wholly left to them-
felves, having gathered an Army of 5000 Foot and 600 Horfe, was ranging
that Country at his pleaſure, having fo ordered and interpofed his Forces, that
Sir Charles Coot the Prefident of Connaught, and Colonel Venables who Com-
manded in Chif in Ulster for the Parliament, could not joyn Forces;and though
other additions had been made to Coot, with which they had faced Finagh and that
part of that Province fome while before, yet durft they not engage till June 3
on the ſecond of which Month, Cleghor being incamped on a boggy ground
within half a mile of Sir Charles his Leaguer, who was about 800 Horie and as
many Foot, flood and faced him for almoft four hours, and then drew over a
Pafs, wherein Coot fell upon his Rear with 250 Horfe, and charged through wo
Diviſions of Foot, and had routed them, but that their Horfe came in to their
reſcue,and repelled that Party: but Colonel Richard Coot likewife advancing,
both came off with even hand, and fo the enemy bver Faggots' paffed another
way. This was but a Trial of Skill; but on the 18 of June, Colonel Fenwick
with 1000 having joyned with Sir Charles, the matter came to a final deci- Piop of Clo-
fion. Cloghor was encamped ftrongly on a fide of a Hill, to which Coot approa- ghoreated
ched, the Iriſh courageously defcended to Battle, but were fo moft refolutely June 18 by
received, that in an hours time this Mitred General was defeated, himſelf mor-
tally wounded and taken, with his Lieutenant-General Henry O Neale, together tally wounded
with moſt of the Officers, all of them Irish, to the total lofs of that Province, and taken with
and the utter ruine and deſtruction of that Rebel-Party that began the War, and his Lieut. Gen.
continued it when it might have expired by the cloſing with the Marquess of Or- Hen. Oneale.
mond, to the taking of Dublin and London-Derry. The remaining Irish War was
meerly defenfive, and of fuch weak dying efforts, that all was given over
there for defperate and loft: and who cannot, muft not, here acknowledge
the unerring certainty of Divine Juftice upon that bloody and pitiless people?
Sir Charles
Coot. Afor-
Now appeared in Print, as the weekly Champion of the new Common- Marchamount
wealth, and to beſpatter the King with the baſeft of fcurrilous raillery, one Mar- Needham the
chamount Needbam, under the name of Politicus ; a Jack of all fides, tranfcendent- Parliament-
ly gifted in opprobrious and treaſonable Droll, and hired therefore by Bradshaw of a scurrilous
Droll, Author
to act the fecond part to his ftarcht and more folemn Treafon; who began his Pamphlet
firſt Diurnal with an Invective againſt Monarchy and the Presbyterian Scotch
Kirk, and ended it with an Hofanna to Oliver Cromwel, who in the beginning
of June returned by the way of Briſtol from Ireland to London, and was welcom- Cromwel re-
ed by Fairfax the General, many Members of Parliament and Council of State-turns from his
at Hounflo -beath, and more fully complemented at his Lodgings, and in Parlia- Conqueft in
ment, by the Thanks of the Houfe, and the like fignificant addrefs of the Lord
Ireland, June
Mayor, &c. of London, being lookt upon as the only Perfon, to the Eclipfe and
diminution of his Generals Honour, whom we fhall prefently fee paramount in
the fame fupreme Command.
6.
Lisbon.
t
Prince Rupert was yet in the Harbor of Lisbon, whither the Parliament had Prince Rupert
fent a Fleet to fight him and reduce thofe Ships to their fervice; which the blockt up in
Prince declining, and the King of Portugal refuting to fuffer Blake to fall on in
his Port, and from his Cafles fhooting at fome of the Frigats who adventu-
red within their reach; a Quarrel aroſe betwixt that King and this State, whofe
Nn 2
Men
i
&
268
Part II
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The King fhips
bimfelf for
Scotland from
Schevelt,
June.
Men of War ſeized on nine Brazile-fhips as they were paffing into that Har-
bour.
The Eftates of Scotland had now notice of the Kings prefent coming into
that Kingdom; the Earl of Dunfermling, Mr. Murrey, and Sir William Fleming,
being fent before by the King to acquaint them therewith; when the two latt
were diſpatcht again, to give the King to underſtand the exceptions they took
againſt ſome uncovenanted Scotch Lords, as Hamilton and Lauderdail, and o-
ther Engliſh Royalifts coming over with Him, but before their Arrival the
King was ſhipt, having newly received the diftaftful intelligence of the Mur-
ther of his faithful Servant the Marquess of Montreß, which, as Cafes then food,
He was forced to pass by, having expoftulated very forrowfully thereof with
the Parliament, who by all means endeavoured to fmooth and colour that per-
petration with the Vows of their Allegiance; in order whereunto, they faid,
they Executed that Nobleman, and fome others with him, viz. Sir John Urrey,
Colonel Spotswood,Ogilby, and Sibbald: a very inaufpicious entrance and begin-
ning of a right underſtanding between his Majefty and them, that was cemented
with fuch Loyal Blood.
1
The King (as was faid before) ſhipt himſelf at Terbeyden, a Village neer the
Hague,aboard a Friggot (an excellent Sailor) Commanded by young Van Trump,
old Van Trump attending the King on board, and charging his Son to do his
utmoſt devoir for the Kings preſervation, and with Tears parting (for there
was fome intelligence of the English Fleet lying to intercept him :) there were
alſo two other Men of War in Company, who carried his Goods and Retinue,
well provided,and alike able for Fight and Defence. With theſe Ships He had not
long been under farl, but a Tempeft drove Him upon one of the Daniſh Iſlands
unknown to the Fleet, but where they were moſt humanely and civilly Treated,
and whence (after a tedious Navigation) they Arrived at the Spey in the North
of Scotland (Colonel Graves and Captain Titus alone of the English attend.
ing on his perfon ) juſt as the Engliſh King-catchers were fet fail from thence,
under their Admiral Popham, to feek out after him. At His Arrival He was
His Majefly
complemented Complemented in great State by the Nobility, and brought to Saint Johnstons,
by the Nobility and fo to Sterling, being preſented in the way with very great gifts, according
of Scotland.
to the ability of that Nation, who were now rifing generally in Arms; and a
Party of Horfe under Major Cuningham, fent to vifit the English Borders, and
to get intelligence; for the Meffenger they had fent to London (Colonel Gray)
was fecured, (at which time Mr. Prin was laid up in Dunfter-Castle) and dif-
miffed with a Guard back again unheard, an Anſwer being then in preparation
to be ſent by a General, a more honourable and more powerfully-attended
Officer.
26.
Fairfax layes
That Command of courfe was devolved upon the Lord Fairfax, and he defired
down bis com- to accept it; but he being infcrupled by fome of the Presbyterian Minifters ( who
mifion, June
were highly incenſed at this War) as it was cunningly foreſeen by Oliver and his
Party, who never endeavoured his fatisfaction) and pretending a reluctancy
from the obligations of the National Covenant to engage against their Brethren,
totally declined it, transferring the long-expected Military Supremacy by a
Vote of the Parliament to Crommel, who very zealously accepted the Charge,
and with all readineſs prepared for the Expedition; which makes the fecond
Trophy or Garland of theſe ftrangely and wonderfully profperous Free-States
of England.
The Army mar-
ches into Scot-
On the 12 of June it had been refolved that the Army fhould Advance
land, July 22. Northward, but it was the middle of July before they Arrived there; for on
the 21 of that Month Cromwel quartered at Berwick, from whence he ſent a
Letter and Declaration to the Committee of Eftates, fraught with hypocritical
canting expreffions; which the faid Committee fuppreft, returning anfwer that
they would reply to it by Meffengers of their own. And left any of their peo-
ple fhould be deluded by the like fair words, they made it Treafon for
any person to Correfpond with the English, and fell a driving all their
}
Cattle
1649.
269
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Cattle and Provifions in the parts next adjacent to them, beyond Edenbo-
rough.
Gromwel's Army was now reckoned 16000 men effective, with which he
came firſt to Mordington his Head-quarters, July 25. thence to Hidington, with-
in 12 miles of Edenborough, on the Hills whereabout the Scots had Encamped
them felves, declining to Engage till their additional Forces were come off the
High-lands. On the 25 of July the English advanced, and attempted one of A light Skir
the faid Hills, where a fmall party of the Scots were, and beat them prefently rich and En-
off, when a party of Scotch Horfe fell in their Rear with fuch fury and vigour, counter at Muf
that they wholly diſordered it, and with Referves and freſh Bodies feconded fleborough,
July 29.
and purſued this advantage: which being perceived by Major-General Lambert
and Colonel Whaley, who had the Rear-guard, they couragiously Repulfed them
to their Trenches; in which action Lambert had his Horfe fhot under him,
was ran through the Arm with a Lance, and was taken Frifoner, but was ref-
cued by one Lieutenant Empfon. This paft, and the Army wet and weary on
their way to Muſcleborough. Betwixt 3 and 4 in the Morning, another party
of fome 1500 Horſe, the flower of the Army, being veterane Blades, under the
Command of Colonel Montgomery and Straughan, fell with great fury, and
more exact valour upon them betwixt fleeping and waking, and brought a ter-
rible fright and diſmay upon the whole Army, Charging almoft clear through
upon the Sands; but returning with their Prifoners, were fet upon by trefh
Troops under Colonel Okey in good order, and forced to double their ſpeed
home to their Camp, having loft 100 men (to the fame number in the for-
mer attempt) and fome of their Officers flain and wounded, but came off o-
therwiſe with Honour enough, giving the Invaders little hopes of fo cafie a
Victory and Conqueft, as the Fates had decreed to them, and their invincible
Fortune.
At Home the Parliament was bufie about their High Court of Juſtice, and ma-
king orders for the Compofition of Royaliſts, excluding all fuch who within ſix
weeks (from their laſt limitation ſome time before) Thould not effectually have
finiſhed it; and in order thereunto, they Debated upon an Act Augaft the 6 (be-
ing preffed for Money to carry on this great undertaking abroad) for the fale of
Delinquents Lands; and Voted fo many Eftates to be fold, as would make up
fecurity for 200000 1. and that an A& ſhould likewiſe be Paffed for doubling
on the Purchaſes of thofe Eftates of Deans and Chapters, &c. And into this
black lift the Earl of Derby was now put, and other unfortunate Royalifts : of
which hereafter.
In the Month of June Doctor Levens, formerly a Doctor of the Civil-law,
who had all along ferved the King, was apprehended in his Lodgings, being
fet by the State-ſpies, and feveral Commiffions from the King, and fuch pa-
pers found with him; whereupon he was brought before a Court-Martial,
and there Sentenced to be Hanged: which was accordingly Executed on the 13
day of July, againſt the Old-Exchange in Cornhill, where he Triumpht in his
fuffering.
Dr. Levens
banged in ‹
Cornhill.
See we next a piece of their Juftice upon an inanimate Statue, the old Kings
Effigies in the Old-Exchange, and the ſame with his Fathers at the Weſt-end of
Saint Pauls: the first they had ridiculouſly (in imitation of their more fcele-
rate cruelty) decollated; but afhamed of that impotent Revenge, had now or-
dered to be taken out of its Nich altogether, and under the Balis thereof theſe
words were decreed to be inſcribed:
Exit Tyrannus Regum ultimus, Ax- The Kings Sta
no Libertatis Angliæ reftituta primo, Annoque Domini 1648. Which ſtood a long tes pued
while, a Teftimony of their Guilt, and a memorial to Strangers of their impu-
dent and bold-fac'd Treafon; which gave not onely Truth, but even Time it
felf the lye: For never was there fuch a thing, as the first year of the Peoples
Liberty under their Anarchical ufurpation. The other Statue of the King at
its fall from the Gallery at St. Pauls aforefaid, light upon its Feet; which was
taken as a good and fure Omen and Prefage, that His Majefties glorious Me-
mory,
down Aug.
1
Part II,
270
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Myn Heer Jo.
achim Resident
from the States
of Holland
Jent home.
Lord-Keeper
Lane dieth at
Jerſey.
mory, Fame, and Pofterity, fhould recover and dure, magure all the defignes
and prefent profperous fucceffes of His and their Enemies.
Myn Heer Joachim was Refident here about the fame time from the Eftates-
General, whom the Parliament (becauſe the faid Estates had refufed to give
Audience to Mr. Strickland their Agent) had fent home, having limited his
ftay here to a prefixed time; but at his departure gratified him with the free
tranſport of ſome able Horſes, expreffing likewife their defire of Amity : at the
fame time they were fomenting a Rebellion in France,by offering aid to the City
of Burdeaux,then in Arms against their Soveraign; hoping to make all the world
follow their húmour, and that, as their Libellers faid, the Government thereof
might return to that Form and Conftitution it obtained mott univerfally, before
the Ambition and Tyranny of Single Perſons, within 1600 years haft paſt, had
invaded and overthrown its the great motive and argument ufed to the Dutch,
for a neerer and ftri&t alliance with that Plebeian Authority and Free State.
•
The Duke of York, had for a good while after the Kings departure continu-
ed at Ferfey (in which time Sir Richard Lane Loid-Keeper of the Seal died
there) until the latter end of August, whereabouts he arrived at the Louvre in
Paris, bringing with him a confiderable, fum of Money, the value of fuch Pri-
zes as his Jersey-Frigats had brought in, intending speedily to go thence into
Holland, which journey he purfued. In London, on the 22 of the fame month,
Eufebius Andrews (a former Royallift, and Secretary to the Lord Capel) being
trepan'd a word newly heard in England, being a Denomination of a leud
fort of people that proftituted Strumpets under pretence of their being their
Wives, and having deprehended perfons of Eltates (by a figne given) in the
Fact, profecuted them at Law, to the recovery of great damages] by one Ber-
nards, formerly his Major, and engaged in a kind of Plot againft the Parliament;
who having made a moft accurate legal Plea againft the lawfulneſs and Authority
of the High Court of Justice, and notably defended himſelf, was notwithſtandnig
Sentenced as a Traytor, and had the favour onely of altering the manner of
Col. Andrews his Execution, which was by the Axe, on Tower bill, where he died like other
Executed Aug. 2 Martyrs before him, full of joy and bleffed hope. Sir John Gell, who had been
Tower-hill. one of their prime Champions in the beginning of the War, was now, in re-
:
compence of his fervice, principally aimed at, and endeavoured to have been
wrought into the fame Confederacy (by the innocent follicitation of Colonel
Andrews, and the partaking of his Man Captain Bexfon therein, who was to
that purpose onely, concerned in this Plot of their own contrivance, being both
an old Reformade (and fo obnoxious to them for Arrears and inveterated dif-
content) and a Presbyterian, of which Party Sir John was thought the onely
Chieftain;) but he wifely and prudently declining all fuch matters, fave a pro-
feffing himself the Kings Servant when opportunity fhould ferve; though the
High Court of Justice did what they could to bring him within the danger of
their new Act of new Treafon, after ſeveral hearings at their Bar, he was found.
Sir John Gell onely guilty of Mifprifion of Treafon, for Concealing of it, and to lofe his E-
Sentenced, and ftate, and fuffer perpetual Impriſonment; but Benson and Aftly were Condemned,
cap. Benfon and Benfon, October 7, Executed at Tyburn, where he Loyally and Christianly
Executed,o&o- (taxing their treacherous cruelty and ingratitude) finifhed his Courſe.
ber 7.
Several lurren-
ders in Ire-
land.
In Ireland, the refolute Garriſon of Tecrogban, Governed by the Lady Fitz-
garret, with the fame prudence and magnanimity as Latham-Houfe was by the
Countess of Derby in England, having endured a very hard and long Siege, ren-
dred at laft to the Parliaments Forces on the 26 of Junejand that as ennobled place
for brave defence, the Garrison of Duncannon (where the famous Colonel Wo-
gans Royalifts refided) together with Waterford, furrendred on the 20 of Ax-
guft enfuing, upon very good terms, confidering how the Plague and the Enemy
had fo deftructively annoyed them; and the Lord Preston the Governour Sail
ed into France. Caterlogh and Charlemont (two more important places) fol-
lowed the fame Fortune, and gave the Parliament fuch hopeful affurance of a
fudden plenary Conqueft, that they were thinking of transporting feme of their
Foot
1650.
271
England, Scotland and Ireland.
છે
Foot thence into the Weft of Scotland, whicre Sultan Crommel was now pra-
ciling, hoping to gain Colonel Ker and Straughan (a kinde of Puritan-Pref-
byterians of the lafi Edition) over to their Party: All in a Zealous way for
the Gospel, put up in Bags here at London, for their new gude Brethren of the
Rebellious Kirk of which fine juggle more anon.
Several jealoufios, animofities and diſcontents, were now reigning among the Animofities
Scots, more fupremely than the Kings Authority: the Kings friends wholly among the
discountenanced and laid by, even Presbyterians themselves no way underftan- Scots.
ding one another; fome willing to give the King His Rights without more fti-
pulation and Engagements; others of them thinking they could not fufficient-
ly debafe His Authority, and that it ſhould wholly depend on the Kirk; and to
that purpoſe ſeveral irreverend Poftulata were put to him, beyond the Tenour
of the Treaty at Breda, and in fine, that party prevailed fo, as that the Army
then on foot was in effect but very little for the Kings Intereft and Service, but
was wholly at the difpofal of the rigid Covenanters. This was not unknown Cromwel
to Cromwel, who thereupon never ceafed Scribling and Divulging of the Eng- makes nje of
lifh Armies good intentions to the people of Scotland; With whom they have them.
no Quarrel, but against a Malignant powerful Fallion, who had brought in the
King to the disturbance of the Publike National Peace and Frendſhip betwixt the
two People, and that be was wiling by Conference to give and receive fatisfaction
therein, otherwife to decide the Justice of that Cause by Battle. To which when
no Anfwer would be returned, he advanced on the 10 of August (having re-
cruited his Army by thofe Proviſions that were plentifully brought by fea, the
Fleet failing an even pace with him, and obferving the fame Signals) on the
Weft-fide of Edenburgh up to the Line of the Scotch Army, playing his Can-
non, which were likewife Anfwered, and Encamped on Pencland-bills a little
above Edenburgh-Caftle; intending to march for Queens-ferry, but the Paffes
were fo difficult, and other confiderations intervened, that he proceeded no
further. Next morning came a Letter to the General, with a Declaration from
the Eſtates and Kirk, by found of Trumpet, Declaring that the Quarrel being
now ſtated, and the King ready to conſent to their demands, they were refol-
ved to put it to the Iffue and that the world may fee what that was like to
prove, it will be worthy the memory of thoſe tranſactions, to particularize them
in this fhort abstract.
In the Declaration of the Kirk (or Commiffioniers of the Genertal Affim-
bly) to Cromwel as the ſtate of the Quarrel, they moft undutifully ſet forth (to
the giving up the merit of the Caufe) That the King tumbling at、 and refuſing
to Subſcribe unto the Declaration offered him by the Committee of Estates, and
Commiffioners of the Kirk, concerning His former tarriage, and refolution for the
future, is caufe of just grief and offence, in reference to the Caufe of God, and the
Enemies and Friends thereof. And therefore they do Declare, that they do not, The peremptory
nor will not Eſponſe any Malignant Party or Quarrel, but that they Fight meerly refolution of the
upon their former grounds and Principles, in the Caufe of God and the Kingdom, Kirk of Scot
nor will they own the King, nor his Intercjt, further than be owns and profecutes the
Cauſe of God, &c. Concluding that they will Anſwer Oliver Cromwel's Letters,
and clear themſelves from the Falfhoods contained therein, as if they owned the late
Kings proceedings, and were refolved to profecute His prefent Majesties Interest upon
any other terms than as above mentioned. And this peremptory Kirk-refolution
was Signed by d. Ker, then one of the chief Colonels of the Scotch Army.
land.
be read to bis
Army.
To this Crommel takes very good occafion to reply, and help out their Sophi- Cromwel cag-
Ary with fome more of his own; and to let the Scots fee of how weer affinity feth the Kirk-
the Kirk and the Congregational way were in this refpect to the King, he Declaration to
permitted, nay, caufed their Declaration to be publikely read to his Army;
putting the Scotch-remonftrants upon thefe Dilemma's; namely, That their
profeffed dilowning of Malignants, and receiving and affifting their Head and Chief,
in whom all their hope lies, cannot confift in common fence or prudence, (reciting
Cas
272
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Red-house
Stormed.
The Armies
face one ano-
ther.
(as evidence thereof) the late Popish affairs in Ireland, and Prince Rupert's ro-
ving at Sea) That ſuppoſe He (the King ) ſhould give fecurity of his turning, it
must be some other way, than by a few and faigned formal ſubmiſſions for it is his
neceffity and his old Complices that Counſel him to that Compliance: Nor is it poffi-
ble for the Scots (in the way that they are now in) to be able to ſecure themſelves
England; and concludes, that upon this Quarrel, if they be ready to fight, his
Army attends there for that purpose; and therefore the Scots cannot complain for
want of an opportunity.
Theſe peftilent and alike dangerous Papers, (which in effect ſeemed rather
an Agreement than cauſe of quarrel between the Antagoniſts) were warily
confidered by fome, even of themſelves, who loved the King, as of ſudden
and defperate confequence to His Majefties Perfon and Government, fo highly
vilified and difregarded; fo that a Declaration (to the liking of the Kirk)
was extorted from him, that there might no caufe of pretence remain, either
for their obftinate carriage towards Him, or ready Compliance with the Ene-
my.
Ե
Hereupon the Engliſh Army advanced again; and though ſeveral Bodies of
Scotch Horſe appeared, yet they prefently withdrew upon their approach: which
that it might not be altogether fruftrate, Cromwel in fight of them cauſed a
Garriſon (called Red-boufe, within a mile and a half of Edenburgh) to be
ftorm'd, wherein were taken 60 Foot, and the Houſe made Tenable, and man-
ned by the English; while the Scots (being neceflitated for Provifions, and to
joyn with fome other Forces from Fife and the Weft) had marched two miles
beyond Edenburgh, having a great Hill on the one fide, and the City and a Ri-
ver on the other, fo that it was very hazardous to Engage them, being drawn
up in Battalia, the great Guns playing on both fides. In which polture and
attendance the Scots and English ftood, and neither changed ground, till Provi-
fions growing exceeding fcarce, Cromwel retreated to Pencland-bills (Lambers
having had fome difcourfe and conference with Straughan, &c. about the for-
mer equity of their Caute, de lana Caprina) and thence with fome difficulty (by
reafon of bad weather) to Mußleberough tor provant, and thence a few days af-
The Engliſh re- ter to Dunbar, with intention by fhipping or any other way to get into Eng-
treat to Dun- land, being now clofely followed by the Scoth Army in their Rear; who right-
ly guefling the English to be weakned with long marches and want of Victual,
made cock-fure of a total Victory, which fnatching at before it was ripe for
them, fearing nothing more than that they would efcape them; they faw
themſelves miferably truftrated, and their defpairing Enemy, a moſt inſulting
Conquerour.
bar.
争
​On Sunday at night, the firſt of September, the Engliſh (making at moſt not
above 12000 men) came to Dunbar, whither the Scots (keeping clofe at their
Heels) came alfo and drew up their whole Army, confifting of between 20 and
24 thousand men, upon a high Hill within a mile of the Town, to the great a-
mazement at firft of the English, but defpair adding refolution to their Cou-
rage, they preſently drew out in Battalia, in the Corn-field necr adjoyning,
and ſo ſtood all night, being Encamped upon a neck of Land, whofe breadth
was not a mile and a half from Sea to Sea; fo that they were by Land quite
cooped up. In confidence therefore of an affured Victory, David Leley who
Commanded this Kirk-Army in chief, began to advance as early as the Sun next
morning, and drew down the Hill, fixing at the foot thereof, and about four a
clock in the afternoon brought down his Train, there being a great Ditch be-
twixt both the Armies. That night the Engliſh (by Command) placed them-
felves close to the Ditch, and placed their Field-pieces likewife in every Regi-
ment, that they might be in a readineſs in cafe the Enemy ſhould attempt a-
ny thing upon them, who were vainly expecting terms of a Rendition; boaft-
ing that they had them in a worle Pound than the King had the Earl of Eſſex at
Legithiel in Cornwall.
The
1650.
275
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
The Miniſters having their Voice in the Council of War held by this Kirk-
Army, moft earneftly urged the Engagement, and Fight, ( againſt thoſe that
were of opinion to let the Engliſh eſcape, and not venture the fortune of War
upon an Enemy made defperate, of which there were fo many fad examples)
faying, that God had delivered Agag (meaning Cromwel) into their power;
and if they let him go, would require him at their hands.
On Tuelday-morning at four of the Clock, a Brigade of the English Army
drew down to poffefs themfelves of a Pafs upon the Road between Edenburgh
and Berwick; which being had, they might with the more cafe and advantage
make their way home, and in order thereto, pafs over to the Enemy, to fall
upon them. This Brigade confitted of three Regiments of Horfe, of Major- Dunbar fight,
General Lambert's, Commiffary-General Whaley's, and Colonel Lilburn's, and Sep. 3
two of Foot. This gave the Scots a great Alarm, and a fore difpute happened
about the Pafs, which lafted above an hour, the great Guns playing in the mean
time againſt both the Bodies. At length that ftout Brigade gained and poffeffed
the Pafs, much gallantry and bravery being fhewed on both fides. (This Pafs
lay at Copperpeth in the Engliſh way homewards; to impede which, they had
drawn off their beft Horfe upon the right Wing to receive the English, whoſe
Word was, The Lord of Hofts; theirs, The Covenant.
ed.
The Enemy charged hereupon with their Lanciers, fo that the Horfe gave
way a little, but immediately Rallied, and the Foot advancing to ſecond them,
the Scots were charged fo home, that they put them prefently to the rout, it
being about fix a clock in the morning; the left Wing of Horſe without ftriking
one ftroke following the fame way: the Foot feeing this rout and flight of the
Horſe, and not able in any order by reaſon thereof to Engage, were all of a
ſudden fo confuſed and confounded, that without any refiftance or offer of En-
gagement, they threw down their Arms and fled, giving the Engliſh the tull
purſuit of them above eight miles beyond Haddington. The number of the flain The Scots route
were 4000, 9000 Prifoners, many whereof were defperately wounded, and
10000 Arms, all their Ammunition, Bag and Bagage. Prifoners of Note were, Priſoners_of
Sir James Lumfdale Lieutenant-General of the Army, the Lord Libberton, im- Note, Sir James
ployed by the Eitates to the King lately, and died of his wounds prefently af- Lumídale,
Lieu. Gen. of
ter the Fight at Dunbar, Adjutant-General Bickerton Scout-matter Campbel, Six the Army, Lord
William Douglas, Lord Cranton, and Colonel Gurden; 12 Lieutenant-Colonels, Libberton,
6 Majors, 42 Captains, 75 Lieutenants, 17 Cornets, 2 Quarter-mafters, 110 who died of his
Eufignes, Foot and Horfe Colours 200, 27 Guns, fome B, Iron and Leather: wounds, Adju.
with the lofs of not above 300 English, and one Majookify, who died af- Bickerton,
ter of his Wounds: There was likewife taken the Purfe to the great Seal of Scout-mafter
Scotland, which was prefently fent up to London, aud the Colours, with thofe Campbel, Sir
Will. Doug-
taken before at Preston, ordered forthwith to be hung up in Weſtminſter-ball.
las, Ld.Cran-
The full Contents of all which, was fignified in a Letter from the General in his fton, Colonel
utual ftrain of devout zeal, tending very much to ftrengthen the Independent Gurden, &c.
against the Presbyterian at home, and the advancement of a Commonwealth to Their Colours
the imitation of the reft of the World; the latter part thereof, for the fevere af-
taken ordered
to be bang up
pect it had towards the Miniftry, in favour of Anabaptifis, with which the Ar- in weltmin-
my fwarmed, I have here inferted.
tant-General
fter-hall.
The Minifters of Scotland have hindered the paffage of those things (meaning Cromwel's
his Affection to the good people of Scotland) to thofe to whom we intended them, the fight.
Letter after
and now we ſee that not onely the deceived people, but fome of the Miniſters (three
or four) are fallen in the fight. This is the great band of the Lord, and worthy
of the confideration of those who taking into their bands the Inftrument of a foolish
Shepherd, to wit, medling with worldly policies, and mixtures of Earthly powers,
to ſet up that which they call the Kingdom of Chriſt, ( which is neither it, nor if it
were it, would fuch be found effectual to that end) and neglect, or truſt not to the
Word of God, the Sword of the Spirit, which is alone able and powerful to that
end, and when trusted to, will be found effectually able, &c. This is HÚMBLY
0 0
offered
274
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
$
{
in the honour
of this field.
offered for their fakes (who have lately turned too much afide) that they might
return again to Preach Jefus Christ, &c. and then no doubt they will difcern and
finde your protection and encouragement. Which Humble offer was to command
a ftrict Inquifition upon them, as thoſe moſt probable to obftruct the new Mo-
del and his future greatness.
The glory of this field, though it were by his own party afcribed to his Va-
lour,yet it laid a great blemiſh on his Conduct and indeed the reſcue of his ho-
General Monk nour is principally to be referred to Colonel Monke, whofe company he had ob-
chiefly concern'd liged in this Expedition, (being very understanding in the choice, and as fubtile
in the ſhaking off his Friends and Familiars.) He had newly had a Regiment
conferred on him, made up of recruits and other imperfect Companies, and
did now at the Generals requeft draw and defigne the fight, and embattle the
Army, and feconded that deliberate fpeculation, with forwardeft of action;
for which indeed moſt of the Officers were very praiſe-worthy. After the fight,
Cromwel ufed forme catching courtefies to the wounded Souldiers, and the fee
bler fort of Priſoners; but the poor Highlanders,and fuch-like, paid dear for that
partial kindneſs fhewed their Country-men, as many as with difficulty lived be-
ing fold for flaves.
The Highlan
ders fold for
Slaves.
Nor were their Lords and Superiours at home in much better condition of
minde, being confounded and diftracted at this ſtrange and moft unexpected dif
after. The Kirk immediately ran to her old trick of humiliation, affigning their
vain confidence in the arm of fleſh, to be the fole and moſt juſt cauſe of this
their defeat; not confidering their disloyal arrogance to, and moſt unnatural
diffidence in their Leige-Lord and Soveraign, was that accurfed thing, which
God made inquifition after in this blood, though they had hidden it, and moſt
hypocritically vail'd it under the covering of the Covenant. Theſe were the
rigid Kirk-men, whoſe peevish obftinacy this remarkable fuccefs of the English
was fo far from reclaiming, that in the conclufion they totally prevaricated from
the intereft of their Nation.
Others the more fober, being taught by this Leffon what it was to fet up
A union of var
and maintain parties and factions when the Enemy was at the door, and fo
ties endeavour Victoriouſly potent, were for the perfect reconciling and uniting them; which
ed by the Scots. neceffary, moft incumbent, and preffing affair, was yet unhappily hindred by
even thoſe men themſelves, who when they began to confider how they muſt
part with that Supream and extraordinary power they had fo long ufurped,
made fo many nice culties, by their Cavils and Difputes about the admiffion
of the Royal party, at Cromwel had fixed fuch footing in their Country, that
made it a difficult task to them to keep any part for themſelves. The Royalifts
onely, and the King himſelf, by all manner of tenderneſs and condeſcentions,
ſtudying the common preſervation, and ſuffering any thing from theſe, though
uncertain friends, rather than expect it from fo implacable an Enemy. And in
fome fort it may be faid, that this overthrow did much ferve to conciliate both
intereſts: for the Kirk could not now defend it felf with its own Arms, and
was conſtrained to accept of help from thoſe they had rejected; fo that the
Earl of Cleaveland, Lord Wilmot, and other Engliſh Royalifts (we ſhall men-
tion the Scotch by and by) who were upon their departure, (none but the Duke
of Buckingham, and Colonel Maffey, Graves and Titus being permitted to ſtay)
now continued there; fo that the common voice then was, that the King had
loft nothing in the diſcomfiture of that Army of the Kirk. The fame day in
the afternoon preſently after this blow, the Scots quitted Leith and Edenburgh,
whither old Leven got by nine of the clock, Lefley at two, and had packt up their
Bag and Baggage, and by Queens-ferry marched to Sterling. Crommel marched
with
faſt after them, and the next day quartered at the two places aforefaid
a reſolution to fortifie Leith; Lieutenant-Colonel Paul Hobfon being made Go-
vernour thereof, and Colonel Overton of Edenburgh with his Brigade to ſe-
cure it, while the Army marched towards Sterling, having received recruits by
fhipping
!
*
1650,
275
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The Parliament
fhipping from Dunbar. Upon occafion of this Victory, feveral Minifters in
London, of the Presbyterian way, were fummoned to appear, Sept. 18, before
the Committee of the Militia, according as Cromwel had intimated in the
before-recited Letter, and charged to oblerve the Thanks-giving day the Par- fter appoint a
liament had appointed for this their great fuccefs in Scotland.
Thanksgiving
at Weſtmin-
Cromwel
On the 14 of September, General Cromwel marched out of Edenburgh with day.
7 days Proviſion, for the Scots had not left any manner of fubfiftance betwixt marcheth for
that and Sterling, and on the 15 reached beyond Linlithgow, but through bad Sterling, Sep.
weather was conftrained to retreat thither that night for fhelter: the 16 to Fal- 14.
kirk, within a mile of Sterling, from whence freſh Letters of the old ſtrain were
Tent into that City, but the Trumpeter was not fuffered to enter; whereupon
Order was given for a Storm, but upon better thoughts of the danger, forborn,
fo that on the 19 of September they returned to Linlithgow, (whither came
General Dean to him from fhipboard, being newly arrived at Leith in the Spea-
ker Frigot) and fortified the Town, being the Road-way betwixt Edenburgh
and Sterling, and a fufficient Garriſon was left to maintain it; and fo on the 22
the English returned to Edenburgh, where Colonel Whaley had offered the Mi-
nifters fled to the Caſtle leave to come out and Preach in their ſeveral Pariſhes ;
but they refuſed.
Now was the time of the Independent Ecclefiaftical Government: for the
Parliament would no longer halt between two opinións. An Act was now
publiſhed for relief of Religious and Peaceable people, from the rigour of for- (cience Enacted
Liberty of Con-
mer Acts of Parliament, whereby the compulfive Authority of Presbytery, and in England.
its appurtenances of Lay Elders, was quite annihilated, and the Separatitts and
Sectaries were the onely Church countenanced then in London; who to make
themſelves more confiderable, and in grateful acknowledgment to the Parlia-
ment, raiſed one Regiment of Horfe, and another of Foot, of well-affected The Sectaries
perfons, to be ready upon all occafions for defence of the Commonwealth, and raiſe an Army.
marched in good equipage through the City to Hide-park, being then made up
three Regiments of Foot, and two of Horfe, to the number of 8000. being led
by Colonel, then made Major-General Harriſon: Several other recruits for the Col. Harrifon.
Army were now drawn out of Colonel Barkstead's Regiment in the Tower,
made Maj. Gen.
and new men raiſed in divers Counties for the fame ſervice.
The Duke of York was now at the Hague, from whence he went to Breda, The Duke of
whereabout at a Town called Longstraet in Brabant, His Brother the Prince of Yoak at the
Aurange was raifing of fome Troops, defigned as it was thought for Scotland, Hague.
to be commanded by the Duke; from whence a while after he paffed to the
Rhyne in Guelderland, accompanied with fome English Noble-men, and Sir
George Ratcliff, Sir John Byron, and Sir John Berkley, and thence returned to
the Hague, where the Lords Jermyn and Seymor, with Colonel Progers, left him
with the Piercy, (the Lord Culpeper taking his journey into the Dutchy of Cleve :)
the Lord Cottington, and Sir Edward Hide, were at the fame time at Madrid
in Spain,negotiating the Kings affairs at that Court; where finding nothing but
fhews and temporary Counfels in relation to any affiftance from thence, they
refolved to depart. The Lord Goring was likewiſe newly come into the Low
Countries.
Prince Ru-
perts Fleet
Prince Rupert having difengaged himſelf of the English Fleet at Lisbon, that
had long blockt him up, being now at Sea on the fame coaft of Spain, on the be-
ginning of November, where at Velos and Málaga he had burnt five or fix difperfed, Nov.
Engliſh ſhips, advice hereof was prelently given to General Blake, then with
the fame Fleet, hovering about that ſhore, who on the 3 and 4 of Novem-
ber, with fome of his faid fhips, firft mattered the Robuck's another of the Prin-
ces, named the Black Prince, of 44 Guns,being ready to be boarded, ran on ſhore,
and on the 5 of November tour more ran a ground, the Guns, Tackle and Fur-
niture of all which were then demanded of the King of Spain, by Fisher the
Parliaments Agent there, and promiſed to be delivered, as a pledge of that re-
fpect the King of Spain was now manifetting to the Authority of the Com-
Оог
monwealth
1
}
..
276
beth dieth at
port.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
monwealth of England; Prince Rupert with the Reformation, and his Brother
Prince Maurice in the Swallow, by good intelligence avoiding the fame Fleet,
fail'd into the Adriatick Sea, and retreſhing themſelves a while at Sicily (when
Blake failed to the Isle of Majorca, gueffing that for their Rendezvouze) put to
Sea again, and took an Engliſh fhip called ther Marmaduke, laden from Arshan-
gel in Ruffia to Legern, with Caveer and Hides of a great value, and with her
failed into Toulon, and there expofed her to fale, and took up their remaining
part of Winter in that ftation: In requital of which entertainment, the Parlia
ment made feizure of feveral fhips, both of War and Merchandife, belonging to
the French Nation.
But before this lofs, came a greater to the King; for it pleafed God on the
16 of September to leffen the number of that forrowful Family, by the death
Princeß Eliza- of the Princess Elizabeth, who died at Carisbroke-Caftles having lain fick a fort-
Carisbroke night: the first complained of her Head, atter her coming from Bowls with her
Caftle: is bn- Brother the Duke of Gloucester; and though little care was taken there, the place
ried in New- affording no learned Phylitian, yet Dr. Mayern fent down fome fitting Cor-
dials; but her grief was irremediable: In October fhe was buried in the Church
of Newport, the Mayor and Aldermen attending her to her Grave. This was
feconded with the death of the Prince of Aurange, who fome while before ha-
ving had feveral contefts with the Burgermafters of fome of the chief Cities of
Holland, and had defigned the feizing of Amsterdam, in order to the accom-
plishing his intentions of reducing the ftubbornefs of fome of the principal
there to their obedience, in the difcuffing and conclufion of that affair, as he was
Hunting neer Arabem, a deftemper ſeized him, which turning to the Small Pox,
and a Flux of putrified blood falling upon his Lungs, preſently carried him a-
way, on the 17 of October, not without fufpition of Poifon, leaving behind him
the Princess Royal neer her time, who to the great joy of the Low Countries,
was delivered of a young Frince on the 5 of November, as a cordial to that im-
moderate grief Her Highness and her Family took from this ſad providence; the
Prince being the moſt fincere and abſolute friend his late and prefent Majeſty
found in the greateſt difficulties of their affairs.
Prince of Au-
range died
oab. 29.
land.
The War in Ireland went on profperously ftill with the Parliament, the fuc-
cefs being very much facilitated by the mifunderstanding and divifions that
Divifions a- were among the Catholicks and the Proteftant Loyal party there, in fo much
mong the Loyal that the Lord Ormond the Lieutenant was not regarded among them, nor he
parties in Ire able through this means to make any head againit Ireton, then left Deputy in
that Kingdom; fo that little of any memorable action paffed in the field till
the expiration of the Summer, at which time Ireton intending to befiege Lim-
rick, one of the ftrongeft Cities in Ireland, marched from Waterford, and made
a compafs into the County, of Wicklow, which being ttored with plundered Cattle,
furnished him with 1600 Cows for provifion in that Leaguer, and fo marched
to Athlone in hopes to gain it; but finding the Bridge broke, and the Town on
this fide burnt, he left that, and took two other Cattles, and the Bur on the
fame fide, and prefently clapped down before Limrick, having marched 150
miles (and in fome Counties 30 miles together, and not a houfe or living crea-
ture to be ſeen. )
'
The Marquels Clanrickard (to whom the Military power was by general con-
fent devolved, as being a Papift, and a Native of moit Antient and Noble Ex-
traction, and by the very good liking of the Marquess of Ormond, who had had
large experience of his exemplary fidelity to the King and the Engliſh intereft,
ever fince the very firft Rebellion in 1641) having notice of the Enemies being at
Athlone, marched with 3000 men, to whom joyned afterwards young Preston
late at Waterford, prefently to the relief of it, if any thing fhould have been at-
tempted; and pafling the Shanon, having notice of Ireton's quitting Athlone,
took the two Caſtles again, and laid fiege to the Bur, where two great Guns
had been left by the English. To the relief whereof likewife Colonel Axtel
(having fac'd them before, but now. reinforced marched with a refolution.
to
3
f
ག
1
1650.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
277
Clanrickards
Forces defeated
to Engage, being in all fome 2500 men : whereupon the Marquefs Clanrickard
quitted the Siege, and retreated to Meleke Ifland, bordering upon the Shanon,
into which there was but one Pafs, and a Bog on each fide: On the 25 of Octo-
ber, a little before night, Axtel made a refolute attempt upon them, and after
a tharp difpute beat them from the firft and fecond Paffes; and at the third, The Marq. of
which was ftrongly fortified, came to the But-end of the Mufquet, and entred
the fland, which the Irish in flight deferted, leaving moft of their Arms be- by Col. Axtel,
hind, 200 Horſe, all their Waggons and Baggage; fo that what by the Sword Octob. 25.
and the River, one half of that Army perifhed: On the Engliſh fide, Captain
Goff and a hundred more were killed: the Marquefs was himself not prefent,
but was gone upon a defigne against the Siege at Limerick, which advanced very
lowly. The next day the Irish quitted all the Garriions they had taken, and
fired them; whereupoa Ireton drew from Limerick, and took in the ftrong Ca-
Itle of Neanagh in low Ormond, and fo retreated to his Winter-quarters at Kil-
kenny in November.
J
Lord Inchi-
Nov.
Thefe untoward events and misfortunes one upon the netk of another, toge-
ther with the difplacency and diffatisfaction among themſelves, made the Lord The Marq. of
Ormond defpair of retriving His Majefties intereft in that Kingdom without for- Ormond, and
rain affiftance, and therefore he refolved to depart; and fignified his intentions
queen, rɛfol-
accordingly to the Council of of the Irifh, who after fome arguments and in- ved to depart
treaties of his further ftay, did at laft humbly and forrowfully take leave of him, out of Ireland,
rendring him all expreffions of thanks and honour for thofe unwearied Servi-
ces he had done his Country, and paffed fevetal Votes in record thereof, defiring
his Lordſhip to excuſe thoſe many failures which evil times and ftrange neceffi-
ties had caufed in them, and defiring him to be their Advocate to His Majefty,
and to other Princes, to get fome aid and fupplies from them, to the defence
of that gafping Realm, that now ftrugled with its laft Fate. About the begin-
ning of December the Marquefs took ſhipping in a little Frigat called the Eli-
zabeth, of 28 Tuns and 4 Guns, and fet fail from Galloway, followed by the
Lord Inchiqueen, Colonel Vaughan, the Noble Colonels Wogan and Warren,
and fome 20 more perfons of Honour, intending for France, Scilly, or Jerſey,
but happily landed at St. Malos, in France in January; whence they wem to
Paris, and gave the Queen-Mother an account of that Kingdom. Thence the
Marquess of Ormond removed to Flanders, and the Lord Incbiqueer into Hōl-
land, and came to Amsterdam; the Valiant Wogan taking the firft opportunity in
Selly, in order to his further ſervice of the King in Scotland, where he firft ma-
nifeſted his Zeal and gallantry to the Royal Caufe.
4.
The noiſe of theſe lucky Atchievements, had made moft of the Neighbouring
Princes confider a little further and more regardfully of this Commonwealth,
more eſpecially ſuch whofe Trade by Sea might be incommodated by their Na-
val-force, which now Lorded it in gallant Fleets upon the adjoyning Seas. The
firſt whom this danger prevailed upon, was the King of Portugal John the
whoſe Fleet ( laden with Sugar from Brafile) General Blake had met with,
and for his entertainment of Prince Rupert with his Fleet (now newly taken
and diſperſed) brought away 9 of them into the River of Thames, where they
were delivered to the Commiffioners for Prize-goods, then newly eſtabliſhed by
Authority of Parliament (upon which ſcore the State received in few years
many hundred thousand pounds, and was cheated of almoſt as much) whoſe
names were, Blackwel, Blake, Sparrow; and upon the Dutch-War others
particularly named for that very Affair, becauſe of its continual Employ-
ment.
In the Month of December therefore he fent hither his Embaffador, who lan- Au Embaffa-
ded at the Isle of Wight, and gave notice to the Council of State of his Arrival, der from Por
who (inttead of a better complement) fent him a ſafe Conduct for his Jour-
tugal to the
New States.
ney to London, there being then open Hoftility between the two Nations, for
that the King of Portugal, to fatisfie himſelf of his damages futtained in his
Sugar-fleet, had feized all the English Merchants goods in Lisbon. On the 11
of
Dec.
278
Part it.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
of December, he had Audience before a Committee of Parliament (attended
with the Mafter of the Ceremonies and 20 of his own retinue) in the Houſe.
of Lords; which he at first refuſed to accept, as being a Diminution to his Ma-
fters Greatness; but at laft was forced to accept of the Lord-Commiffioner
Whitlock, Major-General Harriſon, Sir Henry Vane, Thomas Challoner, and
others, being appointed thereunto. He delivered his Credentials, which were
to the Parliament of England, and made an excellent Rhetorical Harangue,
fetting forth the Conſtant Friendſhip betwixt both Kingdoms, and the Civili-
ties they had received formerly and of late from the English, and defiring that
the late mif-underſtanding might occafion no further breach thereof, but that a
firm and new League might be ratified as formerly. He had anſwer, that the
Committee would report his Meſſage to the Parliament: and ſo after a mutual
Salutation upon the Embaffadors riling from his Chair, he withdrew with the
fame attendance. But the reafon he had no folemner Reception, was the pride
and opinionaftry the States had of themselves, by the Courtships and flattering
Infinuations of the Spanish Kings Embaffador, who had likewife defired Au-
dience of them, and came with a moft welcome acknowledgement of their
Commonwealth; and it was a reciprocal kindneſs to him, not to allow the Por
tugal (his pretended Rebel, and a much less potent Prince) the faid Grandeurs
and Legatory Honours, confidering befides the uninterrupted amity that had yet
been maintained by the Spaniard.
On the 16 of December, therefore, Don Alonzo de Cardenas, who had lain
The Spanish Leiger Embaſſador in the Kings time throughout the War, was with all State
Emballador
réceived to Audience in the Parliament-houfe, he having delivered his Creden-
likewiſe ac-
knowledg'athem tials to the Speaker, which were directed [ Ad Parliamentum Reipublica An-
a Free-State, glia] and Conducted back again with large proteftations of friendſhip, and
good correfpondence on their part to be inviolately obferved.
Decem.
An Iefurrection
in Norfolk :
Sipprefed.
During thefe Forrain Agencies, the New State was Alarmed with an Infür-
rection in Norfolk, where fome hundreds of men were gathered together, De-
claring for King Charles the fecond: but the County-Horfe quartering at Lyn,
and a Troop of Rich's men that were neer at hand (being there before) ha-
ving fome intelligence of the defigne, preſently diſperſed them, moſt flying in-
to Lineo Inſhire; and faved the London-Forces the trouble of a long Journey, who
A High Court were then on their way. To try thefe Infurrectors, a High Court of Justice
of Juftice E- was Erected by the Parliament at Norwich, the Members and Commiffioners
rected at Nor- whereof chofe out of themselves; Juftice Fermin their Prefident, and Juftice P-
lifton and Warberton to be his Co-adjutors. The fe Condemned 24, whereof 20
Mr. Cooper a were Executed: the chief of thoſe thus Condemned, were Mr. Cooper a Mini-
Minifter, Maj. Iter in the fame County, who was Executed at Holt, and died a Loyal and
Saul and others Chriftian Martyr ; Major Saul, formerly an Officer in the Kings Army; and
wich.
Executed.
A memorable
accident at
Oxford.
a Merchant and a Brewer in the City of Norwich. There were feveral perfons
of quality befides, as Sir John Tracy, Gibbons Efq. and others fecured and com-
mitted; but no proof coming in, they were at laſt acquitted.
While we mention the High Court of Justice, a very remarkable inftance of
the Justice of Heaven (the Higheft Court) deferves mention. One Anne Green,
a Servant in Sir Thomas Read's Houſe at Dunftu in Oxfordshire, being fuppofed
to be gotten with Childe by one of that Family (as the woman conftantly af
firmed when ſhe had no temptation to lye) neer the fourth Month of her time,
with over-working her ſelf by turning of Malt, fell in Travel; and not knowing
what the matter might be, went to the Houſe of Office, and with fome ftrai-
ning, the Childe (not above a ſpan-long, and of what Sex not to be diſtin-
guifhed) fell unawares (as fhe all along affirmeth) from her. Now there ap-
pearing the lignes of fuch a thing in the Linnen where the Wench lay, and car--
rying a fufpition thereof; and the before confeffing that ſhe had been guilty of
fuch matters as might occafion his being with Child; thereupon a fearch was
made, and the above-faid Infant was found on the top of the Jakes, and ſhe af-
ter three days from her delivery being carried to the Caftle of Oxford, was
forthwith
1650.
279
England, Scotland and Ireland.
forthwith Arraigned before Mr. Crook, fitting as Judge in a Commiffion of
Oyer and Terminer, and by him Sentenced to be Hanged; which was Executed
on the 14 day of December in the faid Caftle-yard. She hung there neer half
an hour, being pulled by the Legs and ftruck on the Brett by divers Friends,
and above all received feveral ftroaks on her Stomack with the But-end of a
Souldiers Mufquet. Being cut down, fhe was put into a Coffin, and brought
to a houſe to be Diffected (before a Company of Phyficiats, according to ap-
pointment) by Doctor Petty the Anatomy-Reader in that Univerfity. When
they opened the Coffin to prepare the Body for Diffection, they perceived ſome
ſmall ratling in her Throat, and a lufty Fellow ſtanding by, thinking to do an
act of Charity, ftamped upon her Breaft and Belly. Doctor Petty, Mr. Willis of
Chriſt-Church, and Mr. Clerk of Magdalen-Colledge, preſently uſed means, and
opening a Vein,laid her in a warm Bed,and cauſed one to go into Bed to her; and
continued the uſe of divers Remedies, refpecting her fenfelcffneſs, Head, Throat,
and Breft; ſo that it pleaſed God within 14 hours ſhe ſpoke, and the next
day talked and prayed very heartily, and was in a hopeful way of perfect
health whereupon the Governour prefently procured her a Reprieve; thou-
fands of people coming to fee her, and magnifying the juft providence of God
in afferting her Innocency of Murther. After two or three days of her re-
covery, when Doctor Petty heard the had ſpoken, and fufpecting that the
Women about her might fuggeft unto her to relate of ftrange Viſions and Ap-
paritions to have been feen by her in that time wherein the feemed dead (which
they had begun to do) having cauſed all to depart the room but the other Gen-
tlemen of the Faculty, fhe was asked concerning her fenfe and apprehenfions
during that time fhe was Hanged. At first the fpake fomewhat impertinently,
talking as if ſhe had been now to fuffer; and when they ſpake unto her of her
miraculous deliverance from fo great fufferings, the anſwered, That ſhe hoped
that God would give her patience, and the like. Afterward, when ſhe was
better recovered, the affirmed, and doth ſtill, that the neither remembereth how
her Fetters were knocked off, how fhe went out of the Prifon, when the was
turned off the Ladder, whether any Pfalm was fung or not, nor was the fenfible
of any pain as ſhe can remember. Another thing obfervable is, that the came
to her felf as if the had awakened out of a Sleep, not recovering the uſe of
fpeech by flow degrees, but in a manner all together, beginning to fpeak juft
where the had left off on the Gallows. I have thought this occurrence no
way unworthy of a Remembrance in this Chronicle, but very fit to be
tranfmitted to Potterity, for Gods Glory, and Mans Caution in Judging and
punithing.
Several Acts paffed the Parliament this January; as namely, for continuance Several Alts
of the Committee for the Army, and Treafurers at War; for the Receiving and of Parliament
Iffuing of the feveral fums of Money appointed to be received and paid, by ver- Paſſed.
tue of their Act for the railing of 120000 pounds per menfem, for 4 Months,
to Commence the 28 of Decemb. 1650. for the Maintenance of the Army, &c.
Another A&t paffed for Importation of Bullion, with the ufual priviledges, and
to have free paffage and protection without any feizure upon any pretence
whatfoever; which was very well cautioned) and another againſt Forced
and Stolen Marriages, Enabling Commiffioners of the Great Seal to Iffue
Commiſſions of Delegates in cafe of pretended Marriage; and laftly, one for ta-
king away the Fee of Damage-clear, or Damna Clericorum, from the first of
January 1650. Not to omit in this place, that Sir John Stawell was now the
third time before the High Court of Justice.
+
From the Gown pafs we to the Sword. The English Army in Scotland, not The Progreß of
being able to effect any thing againſt the main Army of the Kings that lay on Cromwel in
Sterling-fide, refolved to be doing with a party that then lay in the Weft of Scot- Scotland.
land, under the Command of Colonel Ker and Strangban, with whom Crom-
wel had maintained an open intercourſe, and had profered them a Ceffation;
driving at this,to take them off, and fubdivide the Nation in feveral parties and
the
280
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Trayterous
western Remon-
ftrance of (ome
Scots,
Ker defeated
and taken Pri-
(oner.
a
the effect of his Papers taxing the Scots with the admiffion of the King upon
the old Malignant (core, did operate as he projected; for thereupon out comes
a Declaration or Remonftrance from thefe Weſtern Fellows, full of faucy and
Treaſonable Language, which accordingly was Voted both by the Commiffio-
ners of the Kirk, and the Committee of Eftates, to be fcandalous and feditious:
Sir James Stuart, and Sir John Cheifly, and one Mr. Leviston (who feemed to
countenance it) were ftrictly watched, and Straughan taken and made Pri
foner in Dunbarton, and after in Cathnes-Cattle, whence he efcaped, and came
over to the Engliſh at Edenburgh: but 'twas more the facred hunger of Gold
than Zeal for Religion, made him firft betray his King, and his Country after:
and we fhall fee all Cromwel's Profelytes of that Nation, both Dundaß, War-
refton, and Giffin, to love nothing fo much as the Mammon of Presbyte-
ry.
Straughan thus removed, Major-General Lambert was fent to prevail with
Ker, either by blows or words; the latter being thought as feaſible as the former:
and accordingly on the laft of November, having difficultly found and paffed a
Ford.over Hamilton-River, Ker got notice of it, and refolutely fell into the
Major-Generals Quarters at a Town of that name; but the Horfe being in a
readineſs to receive him, he lott a hundred men, had his Hand almoft cut off,
and was taken Prifoner; and the relt of his party, being 5 Regiments of Horſe,
two whereof were the Earl of Caffels and Kirconbrights, purſued as far as dyre,
where Commiffary-General Whaley was now left to Command in chief in thoſe
Weſtern-parts. Crommel had marched with his Army this way as far as Glaf
gow in October; but underſtanding or dreading the Enemy would come and re-
lieve Edenburgb-Caftle with Provifions and another Governour (being in Trea-
ty with the preſent for a fum of Money) he forthwith retired; having there
took and Garriſoned two Houfes, while Colonel Whaley took in Dalkeith and
another neft of Mofs-Troopers: yet his coming thither hindred Major-General
Mountgomery from. marching into thofe parts, to reduce Ker likewife to his obe-
dience to the King.
Edenburgb-Caſtle had been Besieged fome Months and upwards, with little
lofs on either fide, ſave that the Great Guns from the Caſtle did ſome miſchief
in Edenburgh-streets, and one Captain Hamilton was fhot in the Head with a
Mufquet as he was viewing the Caftle, and the Morter-pieces made femblance
of great terrour and annoyance to the Befieged; a Mine was likewife carried on
fome 60 foot, the Stone being cut all the way; but then they could proceed
no further, being come to the Rock whereon the Caftle ftands: nevertheleſs
the Derby-fhire-Miners (being 12 in number) did what they could to proceed,
the Enemy throwing Pitch and Flax, and other combuftible ftuff into the
Works. At laft the perfonated Höftility came to a period; and Dundaß old
Levens Son-in-law pretending want of Water, came to a Parley; and having
premiſed a colourable requeft of 10 days time, to fend to the Committee of
Eftates, by whom he ſaid he was intrufted, which he knew was to be denied;
and after feveral Miffives betwixt Cromwel and Him, concluded the rendition
Edenburgh, of that moft important place to the Kings Service, in thefe Articles agreed on
Caftle yielded
betwixt Major Abernethy Dundaffes man, and Captain Henderfon on one fide,
Dec. 24.
and Colonel Monke and Lieutenant-Colonel White on the other. (It was always
before called the Maiden, it may henceforth be called the Prostitute-Caftle.) The
Articles were as follow.
The Articles
for the Rendi-
tion of Eden-
burgh Castle.
That the Caſtle ſhould be Surrendred to his Excellency Oliver Cromwel, with all
the Ordinance, Arms, Magazine, and Furniture of War thereunto belonging,
on Tuesday the 24 of December. 2. That the Governour, Officers and Souldiers
should' march with Drums beating, &c. in Military posture, to fuch place as they
ſhall appoint. 3. The Publike moveables, private Writs and Evidences to be re-
moved to Sterling. 4. That Proclamation ſhould be made for all that had Goods
in the Castle, to come or send to own and receive them. 5. All fick Officers and
2.
Sout-
1651.
281
England, Scotland and Freland.
Souldiers, as well fuch as burt (in reputation) to have liberty to stay in Eden-
burgh, and the English to provide Horfes and Waggons for the Governour and
other Officers, and Hostages to be given on the Scots part for performance.
ment.
There were found in it five French Cannon, nine Dutch half-Cannon, two
Culverings, two demi-Culverings, two Minions, 'two Falcons, 28 Brafs Drakes
called Monkeys, two Petards, betwixt feven and eight thouſand Arms, neer
eighty Barrels of Powder, and a like ftore of Cannon-fhot. Colonel Fenwick Col. Fenwick
was preſently upon the Surrender made Governour of this and Leith. Sir Ar- mad Gove-
thur Haflerig and Mr. Scot were prefent at the Rendition thereof, and then de- nour ther of
parted, their work being done; which that it may the better appear for a piece and of Leith
of the vileft Treachery any Scot ever committed (though Crammel afcribes it for the Parlia
in his Letter to the Speaker to the alone wifdom of God, beyond all humane
power and accomplishment) take this account from the lovers themselves of
this Treafon at Edenburgh. The greatest want they had was of Beer; but as for
Oatmeal, Butter, Fresh Water, and Salt Meat, they had enough. The Master- Gün-
Her told me, that when our Guns were a drawing to the Batteries, he had so placed
bis Peices that ours could not poffibly have been planted without great loß; but
when he prepared to give fire, he was forbidden by the Governour upon pain of death.
His man Abernethy went often out of the Castle upon pretence of getting Intelli-
gence (but it was to hold it with Cromwel:) fure it is, that Dundafs and he
and fome others were a little wiser, and went not over the Water as they had made
Conditions, fome of thoſe that did being Imprifuned (the Court and Camp being
fadly affected with this loẞ.) The Provost of Edenburgh, Sir James Stuar, is in
Town, but keeps private, left the Wives in the streets should abuſe him as they did
Straughan and Ker at their coming hither: the Lord Warretton, who came as he
pretended for the Records, is not yet returned, but ſtays in Town, for be cares not
to go back. He and the rest of that Remontirant Tribe are Summoned to come to Par-
liament; Colonel Dundals, Straughan, and Captain Giffan, with Abernethy,
Swinton and Andrews, were clfe to be Excommunicated, and Declared Traytors,
which was done, January 14. Mr. James Guthry, and the Earl of Lothian, and
General Holborn, were generally fufpected, with Sir John Chiefly, who are every
day expected in our Quarters. Rutherford and Gillefpy are likewiſe diſſenters from
the prefent manage of affairs. Ker faith, his wound on his right hand is Gods
Juftice against him, for lifting it up against us in fuch a caufe as he maintained.
And fo I will conclude all thofe Treaſonable practices, and fomented divifions
of that Nation against their common Intereft.
Having first acquainted the Reader with an occurrence of the like nature,
from the better mannered and neceffity-inftructed Kirk, who yet would fain
have been paramount,and were moft boldly follicitous with the King to confent The Scots bold-
to fome other Acts mif-becoming the Majefty of a Soveraign, and the Honour ly illicitous
of His Crown; which the King generously and difdainfully refufing, there with the King
flew fuch rumours and whispers, as if fome difloyal and difhoneft Counfels were
hatching againſt his Perfon; whereupon the King privately withdrew him- His Majely
felf to his Northern Friends and Forces under General Middleton, till fuch time withdraws to
as a right underſtanding (Hoftages being given on both fides, as to his party and Gen. Middle-
theirs) was fetled betwixt them; which was firmly and abfolutely concluded in
an unanimous refolve of his immediate Coronation, which was folemnly per-
formed on the firft of January in this manner.
ton.
First the Kings Majefty, in a Princes Robe, was conducted from his Bedcham- The manner of
ber, by the Conſtable on his right hand, and the Marſhal on his left, to the His Coronation
Chamber of Prefence; and there, was placed in a Chair under a Cloath of State January 1.
by the Lord of Angus, Chamberlain, appointed by the King for that day; and
there after a little repofe, the Noblemen, with the Commiſſioners of Barons and
Burroughs, entred the Hall, and prefented themſelves before His Maje-
fty.
Thereafter the Lord Chancellor fpoke to the King, to this purpoſe: Sir, your
P P
good
1
4
282
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
:
The Lord-chan- good Subjects defire You may be Crowned, as the righteous and Lawful Heir of the
cellors Speech Crown of this Kingdom; that You would maintain Religion as it is prefently pro-
to the King. felfed and established: Alfo that You would be graciously pleased to receive them
under Your Highneß's Protection, to Govern them by the Laws of the Kingdon, and
to defend them in their Rights and Liberties by Your Royal Power; offering them-
felves in most humble manner to your Majefty, with their Vows to beflow Land,
Life, and what else is in their Power, for the maintenance of Religion, for the
fafety of Your Majesties facred Perfon, and maintenance of Your Crown; which they
intreat Your Majesty to accept ; and pray Almighty God, that for many years Tou may
happily enjoy the fame.
His Majefties
Answer.
He is accompa-
nied by the No-
bility to the
Kirk of
Scoone.
Mr. Robert
Douglafs
preacbeth before
the King.
Prince of Au-
range Chrift-
ned.
Several of the
King Friends
preferred and
intruſted.
The King made this Anfwer: I do esteem the affections of my good People
more than the Crowns of many Kingdoms, and shall be ready by Gods affistance to
bestow my Life in their defence; wishing to live no longer than I may fee Religion
and this Kingdom flouriſh in all happineß.
Thereafter, the Commiffioners of Borroughs and Barons, and the Noblemen
accompanied His Majefty to the Kirk of Scoone, in order and rank according
to their quality, two and two. The Spurs being carried by the Earl of Egling-
ton. Next, the Sword by the Earl of Rothes. Then the Scepter by the Earl of
Crawford and Lindſey: And the Crown by the Marquefs of Arguile, imme-
diately before the King. Then came the King, with the great Conftable on
the right hand, and the great Marſhal on his left, his Train being carried by
the Lord Ereskine, the Lord Montgomery, the Lord Newbottle, and the Lord
Machlelene, four Earls Eldeft Sons, under a Canopy of Crimſon-Velvet fupport-
ed by fix Earls Sons, to wit, the Lord Drummond, the Lord Carnegie, the Lord
Ramsey, the Lord Johnston, the Lord Brechin, the Lord Tefter; and the fix
Carriers fupported by fix Noblemens Sons. Thus the Kings Majefty entred
the Kirk.
The Kirk being fitted and prepared with a Table, whereupon the Honours
were laid, and a Chair ſet in a fitting place for His Majefty to hear a Sermon,
over againſt the Minifter, and another Chair on the other fide, where He receiv
ed the Crown, before which there was a Bench decently covered, as alfo for
feats about for Noblemen, Barons and Burgeffes; and there being alfo a Stage
in a fit place erected of 24 foot ſquare, about four foot high from the ground,
covered with Carpets, with two ftairs, one from the Weft, another to the Eaſt,
upon which great Stage there was another little Stage erected, fome two
foot high, afcending by two ſteps; on which the Throne or Chair of State
was fet.
The Kirk thus fittingly prepared, the Kings Majefty entred the fame,' accom-
panied as aforefaid; and firft fet himſelf in his Chair, for hearing of Sermon,
which was Preached by Mr. Robert Douglas, A la mode the Covenant. About
this time the young Prince of Aurange was Chriftened; at which celebration the
States General of Holland, of Amsterdam, of Delf, were his God-fathers, and the
Queen of Bohemia and the old Princefs of Aurange his God-mothers, and was
named William Frederick Henry.
But this being over, the King intended to march Northward, to haften the
faid levies by his prefence: but the Nobility and Gentry of the High-lands,
promifing to effect that affair with all expedition, he went no further than Aber-
deen, having more occalion to continue in the Southern parts to keep the newly
re-cemented friendſhip betwixt both parties entire, and from other new Rup-
tures, and to countenance his friends, who now were admitted into the chiefeft
places of Truft and Offices: Duke Hamilton being received into the Army;
Earl of Crawford made Governoar of Sterling, Middleton Lieutenant-General,
and other Loyal Scotch Lords in Offices and Commands befitting their quality,
and to their feats in Parliament, which was to fet down the 15 of February
the King diverting himſelf in the mean time at his houfe of Falkland, care being
taken to fecure the Caftle of Fife from any. Invafion; two attempts that way
being already made in the beginning of February, upon Brunt Ifland, which
never-
i
1650.
283
England, Scotland and Ireland.
nevertheleſs miſcarried, with a great lofs of men
but the want of Provifions
the Engliſh then laboured under, and their having hopes of plenty on that
fide (Fife being the fertileft and moft abounding place in all Scotland) made Fife-caftle at
them every day contrive and venture a landing thereon, and flat-bottomed Boats tempted by the
English.
and Sloops were now a coming from Newcastle and London for the accommoda-
ting their paſſage.
Cromwel likewife was very earneſt and intent upon making or finding a way
by Sterling, and therefore on the eighth of February he marched thither a
gain, having been informed of fome Fords thereabouts where he might pafs
his Army, or at leaſt impede their raifing of new Forces, and way-lay their
marching into England, which was given out as the grand defigne, a Force
being left on that fide the Water fufficient to fuftain any impreffion of the Eng-
lifh; and to that Expedition Duke Hamilton, Duke of Buckingham, Lords
Cleaveland,Wentworth, Wilmot, and Colonel Maffey, who had a Noble and full
Regiment, and was to be Major-General, with Titus, and Colonel Graves, were
defigned. Cromwel, as was faid, to this purpoſe, in very tempeftuous weather
reached his intended paffes; but found the approaches to them fo boggy and
unpaſſable, that in the fame ftrefs of weather his Army half ſpoiled with cold
and other diſcommodities, he was forced to retire again, as he had done twice
before, (having onely Alarm'd the Scots, and put them into a fudden poſture of
defence) and to await the time of his Boats arrival, and a happier ſeaſon of the
year. About this time Hume-Caftle was taken by Colonel Fenwick, the Gar- Hume-Cafle
taken Feb. 4,
rifon having held it to extremity, being forced to deliver it at mercy, February 4. by Col. Fen-
A Copy of the Governours Anfwer to the Summons, for the quaint briskneis wick for the
thereof, I have thought fit to pleaſure the Reader withal.
Right Honourable,
Parliament.
Summons.
I bave received a Trumpeter of yours, as he tells me, without your Paff, (he had The Governours
forgot it, it feems, and left it behind upon the Table) to Render Hume-Castle to Aufwer to the
the Lord-General Cromwel; pleafe you I never faw your General, nor know your
General: as for Hume-Castle it stands upon a Rock given at Hume-Castle this
day before ſeven a Clock, Soreßeth without prejudice of his Native Country,
Your mott Humble Servant,
John Cockburn.
Timtallon-Catle, which had been very prejudicial to the Engliſh Sea-traders Timtallon-
to Leith, and had taken more men than all the Garrifons in Scotland, having cafle yielded
been Befieged above a week by Colonel Monke; upon the 21 of February, af- by Sir James
ter the Mortar-pieces had played, and a Battery of fix Great Guns was raifed, Seaton, to the
Parliament of
yielded to mercy; Sir James Seaton the Governour, newly knighted, not being
England.
able to obtain any other Condition; but Colonel Monke, out of his ufual civility,
fuffered not a man of them to be ftript or plundered. There were 15 Great
Guns taken in it, and the paffage not onely freed, but an Inlet opened to the
Baß Ifland. General Ruthen Earl of Brentford and Forth, nominated to be this General Ru-
Kings General alfo, deceaſed about this time, and left that Command without then, Earl of
any further competition to David Lesley, old Leven having likewife retired him- Brentford and
Forth, deceaſ
felt both from Counfel and Service as fuperannuated but indeed difregar- eth.
;
déd.
David Leſley
Scots.
new
Our New States at home found it opportune, being grown ſo potent abroad, General for the
and fo dreaded at home, to diſcard their Journey-men of the Council of Sate, Council
whofe affiftance they were forced to ufe (though they would not affent and of State,
concur with them in their alteration of the Government, and the Murder of March.
the King, &c. but would act as it was now altered ) in the rearing of their
Model; twenty one of them, fuch as were inftrumental and principal in the
Change,as Cromwel, Bradshaw, and others of the Kings Judges, being continued,
Pp 2
and
284
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
and twenty new ones of the fame gang were furrogated in the others places:
for they could now do the work and receive the wages themſelves. To thofe
a power was given of executing the Admiralfhip to all purpoſes and intents,
John Fry one as any Admiral of England had executed it before. About this time one John
of the Kings Fry another of the Kings Judges, having written a blafphemous Book againſt
Judges, writes the Trinity, but purpoſely againſt the Divinity of Chrift, as the Socinians teach,
a Book against
the Trinity: he was by a Vote disbanded their Company in the Houfe, and his Book ordered to
is Voted to be burnt by the Sheriffs of London: not a word of the Hangman in the Order,
leave the Loufe, for that would have founded ominous to the whole pack of them, now in pomp
and his Book to and great ſplendor.
be burned.
A Dutch Envoy
The King having viſited Dundee, Aberdeen, and other places, accompanied
with Arguile, who had raiſed men for Him in his Countries, returned to St.
Johnstons and the Low-lands, againſt the fitting down of the Parliament at
that City; which was appointed on the 2 of March; in which interim, He
complains to the Gave Audience to a Dutch Envoy, who came to complain of the taking of 20
King of Sir Jo. of their Merchant-fhips by Sir John Greenvile, Governour for the King in the
Greenvile Go- Ifle of Scilly; to which the King gave a favourable Anfwer. The Earl of Der-
vernour of the by likewife feized divers Veffels belonging to the Engliſh Irish Trade, and held
Ifle of Scilly,
intelligence with the King in Scotland, having employed one Maſter Berken-
and others.
head in the buſineſs, who was taken about the beginning of March by Colonel
Lilborne, Sir Philip Mufgrave and Sir Theophilus Gilby hardly efcaping by row-
ing away in a Boat. Several Dutch fhips laden with Ammunition, fent by the
Lord Fermin (as the Dutch pretended) arrived likewife at Dundee; where-
abouts, and over all the adjacent parts, Drums were beating, and a ſpeedy march
was refolved on. The Earl of Calender, a great Hamiltonian, which party
now fwayed, being newly come over Sea, an Employment in fpight of the Kirk
was intended to be conferred on him. On the 27 of February the Prince of
Aurange was Buried in great itate at Delf in Holland, and Interred in the Vault
The Prince of
Aurange buri-
ed, Feb. 21.
of his famous Predeceffors.
By the taking of theſe Papers and Mr. Berkenhead, after the Earl of Derby's
defigne in Lancaſhire, whither Maſſey was to have marched with a flying party
and a kind of a motion he made that way, but immediately retreated) the
States at Westminster to exact ſcrutiny addreft themſelves: and having traced
Tho. Cook of it, gave order for the apprehenfion of one Thomas Cook of Grays-Inne Efquire,
Grays-Inne who being brought, and attending at the Council door, gave his Keeper the
Efq. committed
to the Tower. flip, and was purfued with a Proclamation, and 100 pounds offered to any
ſhould take him and bring him in; and was taken thereupon the next Week in
Maj. General an Upholſters-houſe in London, and committed to the Tower; and Major-Ge-
Harriſon or neral Harriſon was ordered to march ſpeedily into Lancashire, to attend all mo-
dered to march tions and defignes in thoſe parts.
into Lanca-
fhire.
This Month Maj. Harriſon of Guernſey Iſland ( kept for the Parliament )
having a defigne upon Cornet-Caftle (held by Colonel Burgeß for the King,
being now and then relieved with Shallops and Boats which ftruck in thither
from the Coaft of France) attempted it by Storm, having falle information
that molt of the Garrifon were dead, and the reft weak and feeble; but were
fo ftoutly received, that very few that Engaged got off again, the Tide too com-
ing in and drowning many of them, to the utter difheartning of them from
any future Affault; fo that they refolved to try what fair means would do, and
Cornet Caffle by a fum of Moncy amounting to 1500 pounds, with other good Conditions
delivered by
and Indemnity, which (there being no likelihood of doing His Majeſty any
Col. Burgeſs to Service by longer keeping it, relief alfo being ſo very fcarce, difficult, and
M. Harriſon uncertain) was at lait accepted, and that little Citadel delivered into their
for the Parlia.
Hands.
ment.
The Irish de-
feated at Fi-
nagh, March
13.
In Ireland, the Forces there remaining being now under the fole Command
of the Marquess of Clanrickard, whom the Earl of Caſtlehaven did to the laſt
affiſt in the Kings Service, being drawn to the relief of Finagh, were there to-
tally routed; 800 taken and killed, Colonel Macdonnel, his Lieutenant-Colonel
and
>
}
1650.
285
England, Scotland and Ireland,
and Major taken prifoners, Colonel Mac Hugh and Colonel Caban killed, and
376 Officers beſides taken, upon which followed the Rendition of Finagh upon
Articles. After thefe fucceffes, feveral Officers having liberty to go for England,
it was the fortune of the Colonels Axtell, Sadler, the Irifh Adjutant-General,
and Colonel Le Hunt to be taken Prifoners by a Frigat of Scilly, and there Lan-
ded and Imprisoned, till fuch time as that Ifland acknowledged the poffeffion of
the States of England; who having erected their High Court of Justice, had in
revenge of Doriflaws and Afcham Sentenced Sir Henry Hide Cofen to Sir Edward
then Lord-Chancellor with the King, for taking upon him the quality of an Em-
baffador from His Majefty to the Grand Seignior at Conftantinople, and deman
ding Audience in his Name; which they aggravated with imputations of his
defigne of feizing thofe Merchants Eltates there, and Affronting Sir Tho-
mas Bendifh the old Refident there with his new Commiffion. It booted nor
availed Sir Henry (who at his Tryal (having been long out of England) would
have ufed the Italian Tongue as the readielt for his defence, which was alfo
charged upon him as his vanity and pride) to deny, extenuate or juſti-
fie the feveral parts of his accufation: his Name was guilt enough. He was Sir Henry
Sentenced to be Beheaded; which Death he ſuffered againſt the Old Exchange Hide Bebeaded
on Cornhill, with as much courage of minde, as weakneſs of Body, and is jutty London.
infcribed to the Roll of Martyrs. Captain Brown Bushel, ( who had delivered capt. Brown
Scarborough to Six Hugh Cholmly, then revolted in the year 1643. from the Par- Bufhel Execu
liament, and being Prifoner at Hull for the fame, had been exchanged by Ho, ted, Mar. 29,
tham, then winding about to his Allegiance) fuffered in the fame manner the
29 of March. But it is not a rude Prolepfis of the time, to affigne him (becauſe
of the nearness of their Deaths for the fame caufe of Loyalty) his place in this
year, in the Company of Sir Henry Hide.
Yet before we conclude the Revolution of this year, we muft adde one of the
moft remarkable occurrences in it, viz.the Embaffadors fent by this State to that
of the Low Countries who departed hence about March the 10, and landed at Rot-
terdam the 14, being met by the way by two Yachts of State,and handſomely ac-
commodated at the Englith-houfe there, by fome of the faid Company. The
Names of them were, Chiet-Juftice Saint John of the Common-Pleas, formerly
the Kings Sollicitor, and the Earl of Straffords vehement Adverſary; and Mr.
Walter Strickland ; ftiled in their Credentials the Lords Embaſſadors Extraordi-
nary from the Parliament of England, and were the firft that they ever ſent to
any Forrain Princes; for as from Kings and Sovereigns they had juft caufe to
fear their united Forces, to chaſtiſe that infamous Regicide, whofe example was
fo dangerous to themlelves.
June 4, iz
Anno Dom. 1651.
Strickland
N the 30 of March (attended by a gallant Retinue of their own, and fuch
as that State fent with Coaches) they were received to Audience, where The Lord Saint
Saint John in a well-compofed Speech, very gravely declared, that notwith- John and
Itanding feveral injuries received by the English Commonwealth and Subjects Embaladors to
from that State; yet the Parliament had fent them first to make a firm League Holland.
and Friendship with them, if they fhould think fit. 2. That to that purpoſe They defire a
they would renew that moft amicable Treaty of Commerce, made between the firm League.
King of England and the Duke of Burgundy, their then Sovereign in 1495.
3. He fet forth thofe many advantages in point of Trade and Navigation the
Dutch might receive from England by ſuch a League,difcourfing of the commodi-
oufnefs and Excellent Situation of the Ports and Harbours, and other Emolu-
4. He expreffed the juſt reſentment of the Parliament for the Death
of Doctor Doviſlaus, and that he doubted not but their High and Mighty Lord-
ſhips
ments.
286
Part JJ.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The States Ge-
neral ſhew no
forwardneß to
this new friend
Ship.
fhips would give fatisfaction therein, and caufe Juftice to be Executed upon
thofe Offenders. Which faid, a Committee was appointed to confer with him
further, and he conducted in the fame manner as he came, to his own Lodg-
ings.
But the States General fhewed no great readiness to embrace this new Friend-
ship of their Rival States, although the Province of Holland did endeavour to
promote it, for the Prince of Aurange's Intereft was yet very potent in their
Affemblies, which was the reaſon no Addreſs had been made before in his life-
time from the Parliament, who very much courted this peoples Amity, not onely
from the nearness and likeness of both their rifes to be Commonwealths; but
for that no danger was fo neer, and to be feared elſewhere from the Intereft and
Alliance of the King. But the people were far more averfe to any accommo
dation with Traytors and Murderers, as they called thefe Minifters and their
followers; which Clamours were heightned by the Royaliſts, then yet in great
numbers refiding there. The Duke of York being then in the Country with the
Princess of durange his Sifter, as alfo the Queen of Bohemia, and Prince Edward
her Son, who first gave theſe Embaſſadors an Affront as they chanced to meet
him in their Coach, taking the Air neer the Hague, with his Sifter the Princeſs
Henrietta in his Hand, where in indignation he gave them the opprobrious
names of Dogs and Traytors. The next day ſeveral uproars were made a-
bout their Houfe, as if there were a refolution to Storm it; nor was it ſafe for
them or any of their Gentlemen to ftir abroad, and ſeveral advices were given
them of defigned attempts upon their perfons: Of both thefe affronts and in-
juries they complained to the States; who after a long and tedious delay, fum-
moned Prince Edward to appear and anſwer; but he pleaded he was a Prince
of the Empire, and Subject to no other Jurifdiction; and for the other appoin-
Guard appointed them a Corps du guard to fecure the Houfe; and by a Proclamation prohi-
bited all manner of injuries or violence to be done unto them: but notwith-
ſtanding the ſaid indignities were yet committed frequently.
The Embala
dors affronted
by Prince Ed-
ward (on to the
Queen of Bo-
hemia.
They complain
to the States,
and have a
ted them.
In this fort they continued there, expecting an Anſwer and Conclufion (which
Mounfieur Bellieur did likewiſe hinder what in him lay,his Servants and attendants
being as quarrelfome and flighting of theſe English as any whofoever) and in
the interim fix of the chiefelt Gentlemen of their Retinue travelling upwards
the Country, were met by a Lorain-Colonel one Harter then going to the Spaw,
and kept Priſoners for a Ranfome, which at length was paid to the Spaniſh-
Governour of Limburgb, into whoſe hands upon a remove they lighted. This
troubleſome delay ſo diſpleaſed their Westminster-mafters, that on the 18 of May
the Parliament recalled them; which being notified to the States, they ſeemed
furprized, and by confent of the Embaffadors fent away an Exprefs, accompa-
nied with Mr. Thurloe, Saint John's Secretary, to London, to defire a longer re-
fpit, in hope of a fatisfactory Conclufion. But after a vainer Expectation there-
of [faving this dubious infignificant Refolution, as the States called it, In hac
verba, The States General of the Netherlands baving heard the report of
their Commiffioners having had a Conference the day before with the Lords Embaf
Jadors of the Commonwealth of England, do declare, That for their better ſatisfa-
ction, they do wholly and fully condeſcend and agree unto the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
Propofitions of the Lords Embaſſadors (which were the moft unconcerning ) and
also the faid States do agree unto the 1, 2, 3, and 5 Articles of the year 1495.
Therefore the States do expect in the fame manner as full and clear an Anſwer from
the Lords Embaſſadors, upon the 36 Articles delivered in by their Commiſſioners the
24 of June 1647. This indifferency being maintained and ftrengthned by
the prefence and Arguments ufed in a Speech made by Mr. Macdonald the
Kings Agent, then at that time Refident at the Hague, who alfo printed their
Articles or Propofitions, with his Comments on them.] another Months time.
They depart for being ſpent, they were finally remanded, and departed on the 20 of June, rein-
England June fecta, to the trouble (as was pretended) of molt of the Lords of Holland.
When Saint John gave the States Commiflioners who came to take leave of
20.
him
1651.
287
England, Scotland and Ireland.
him, theſe parting words, My Lords, You have an Eye upon the Event of Saint John's
the Affairs of the Kingdom of Scotland, and therefore do refuse the Friendship we Speech at his
bave offered now I can affure you that many in the Parliament were of opinion departure.
that we should not have come hither, or any Embaſſadors to be sent to you, before they
bad fuperated thoſe matters between them and that King, and then expected your
Embaffadors to us. I now perceive our errour, and that thofe Gentlemen were in
the right: in a ſhort time you hall fee that busineß ended, and then you will come
to us and feek what we have freely offered, when it shall perplex you that you have
refused our proffer. And it fell out as he had Divined it. Upon his cʊm-
ing home, after thoſe welcomes and thanks given him by the Parliament, he
omitted not to aggravate thoſe rudeneffes done him, and to exafperate them
gainst the Dutch: and the angry effects of his Counfels and report foon after ap-
peared.
a-
On the 9 of April, in order and defigne to abolish all Badges of the Norman
Tyranny (as they were pleafed to call it) now that the English Nation had
cbtained their natural Freedom, they refolved to Manumit the Laws, and retore
them to their Original Language; which they did by this entuing additional
Act; and forthwith all or molt of the Law-books were turned into Engliſh,
(according to the Act a little before, tor turning Proceedings of Law into
English ) and the relt written afterwards in the tame Tongue; but fo little to
the benefit of the people, that as Good store of Game is the Country-mans Sor-
row, fo the multitude of Sollicitors and fuch like, brought a great deal of trou-
ble to the Commonwealth, not to ſpeak of more injuries by which that moſt
honourable profeffion of the Law was profaned and vilified, as being a dif
courfe out of my Sphere. At the fame time they added a fecond Act, explana-
tory of this fame wonderful Liberty: both which here follow.
Be it Enacted by this preſent Parliament, and by the Authority thereof, That the The Law ard
Tranflation into English of all Writs, Proceß and Returns thereof, and of all its Proceedings
Patents, Commiſſions, and all Proceedings whatſoever, in any Court of Justice with- turned into
in this Commonwealth of England, and which concerns the Law and Admini- Englis Apr.
ftration of Justice, to be made and framed into the English Tongue, according
an Act, entituled, An Act for the turning the Books of the Law, and all Pro-
ces and Proceedings in Courts of Justice into English, be, and are hereby refer
ed to the Speaker of the Parliament, the Lords Commiffioners of the Great Seal of
England, the Lord Chief Justice of the Upper-Bench, the Lord Chief Juſtice of
the Common-pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, for the time
being, or any two or more of them: and what shall be agreed by them, or any to
or more of them, in Tranflating the fame, the Lords Commiſſioners ſhall and may
affix the Great Seal ibereunto, in Cafes where the fame is to be fixed: And fo that
no miß-Tranſlation, or Variation in Form by reason of Tranflation, or part of Pro-
ceedings or leadings already begun being in Latine, and part in English, shall be
no Errour, nor void any Proceedings by reafon thereof.
Provided, That the faid recited A&t ſhall not extend to the certifying beyond.the
Seas any Cafe or Proceedings in the Court of Admiralty; but that in fuch Cafes
the Commiffioners and Proceedings may be certified in Latin as formerly they have
been.
An Act for continuing the Affement of 120000 l. per menfem, for five Months,
from the 25 day of April 1651. for maintenance of the Armies in England, Ireland,
and Scotland, was likewife paffed.
By our way to Scotland, we must digrefs to a petty commotion in Wales Aew weich
Hawarden, and Holt-Caſtle Seized, and a Hubbub upon the Mountains, which Infurrection
engaged Colonel Daukins to a craggy expedition; Sir Thomas Middleton pur-
Started.
ged, and the Coaft cleared of a Presbyterian difcontent, upon which fcore the
noife was raiſed; but the ftory not taking, Preſto on, all's gone, and the invifi-
ble Royalists cannot be found, or fequeftred for their combination in Lancashire-
plot,
288
Part H.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
{
་་
Blacknels-Ca-
Cromwel.
plot, now ſtarted, and hotly fented, and purfued by the Grandees of the Coun-
cil of State, and the Blood-hounds of their High Court of Justice again unken-
nelled of which more preſently.
Blackneẞ-Caftle was now delivered to General Cromwel in Scotland, on the
file delivered to first of April (while he yet continued fick of an Ague,) General Dean being
newly arrived with Money and fupplies from England two days before and
on the 11 of the fame Month the Scotch Parliament fat down, where they re-
fcinded that often-mentioned Act of Claffes of Delinquents; whereby way was
The Loyal No- made to the reftoring of the Loyal Nobility to their feats in Parliament and
bility in Scot- an A&t paffed from the perceipt of the dangerous confequences of the Weftern
land restored Remonftrance; that it fhould be Treafon to hold correfpondence with, or abec
to their Seats the Enemy. Cromwel having already made another journey into thofe parts,
to carry on his buſineſs at Glafcow, which place had been infamed at the begin-
nig of the Scotch Troubles, and was now by the juft Judgement of God the
Stage defigned to act the Catastrophe, and laft act of three Kingdoms Ruine:
The Kirk con- For I must remember the Reader, that here the firtt Scene of our mifery was laid,
vened at Glaf- by the illegal convention of the genetal Affembly of the Kirk.
zn Parliament.
COW.
E. of Egling,
ton furprized
in his defigne
of rarfing For
ces for the
King.
By his Forces thereabouts, the Earl of Eglington, with his fecond Son, and fome
other perfons of Note, were furprized in their defigne of railing Forces for the
King at Dunbarton: His Majefty ftill continuing at Sterling. London the Chan-
cellor being now outed of his Prefidentfhip, Mr. Guthery, and Bennet, and other
Kirk-blades Committed for their refractoriness to the Kings Authority, which
yet they would not own but as fubordinate to the General Affembly. But for
the prevention of fuch future fidings and divifions thofe men had caufed, a Com-
mittee by Parliament was now empowred to manage the War, and fubftitute
Officers, without any more impertinent reverences to the Presbytery; the
King being alfo declared Generaliffimo. Cromwel after fome debates and pub-
like difputes with the Minifters, viz. Gillespy, Rutherford, &c. of Glafcow afore-
faid, concerning the lawfulneſs of his Invafion, which he performed, as he
faid, in much weakneſs of (both Argument and ) Body, feeing there was no
drawing the Scot out that way to fight, which way they intended for an un-
difturbed march, marched back to Edenburgh by the beginning of May, (and
in his way burned the Lady Kilfithes Houfe, for holding intelligence with the
burneth the La- King) having notice of the arrival of his Boats at Leith, for the Tranſpor-
tation of his Army into Fife; which was the laft remedy; the failure of Vi-
ctuals in the Scotch Camp, which therefore they ſhould be forced to abandon
and march, proving a meer delufion.
Cromwel
dy Kilfithes
bouse.
Maj. Syden-
ham flain, and
his party de-
feated, Apr. 15
In the mean while, on the 15 of April, in a miſt, the Lord Montgomery,Son to
the Earl of Eglington,and Lord Cranston, with 500 Horfe and Dragoons marched
from Sterling, and refolutely charged into Lithgow, (a Garriſon the Engliſh
had fortified upon their firft march to Sterling) to the Market place, whence
having taken what Prifoners they could in haft meet with, they retreated; and
being purſued by Major Sydenham of Sir Arthur Haflerig's Regiment, the Go-
vernour, in place of Colonel Sanderfon lately deceaſed, they taced about and
routed him, killing moſt of his Followers, to the number of fome 60; himſelf
being wounded mortally in the Groyn, whereof not long after he died, that
Montgomery, Government being twice vacated already. The Lord Regilter Warriston now had
a Paſs from Sterling to come to Edenburgh about the Records, and the ſhips
loading that was ftaid after Cromwels Pafs and permiffion by Articles; and pro-
fecuted the buſineſs ſo to effect, that the faid Goods, Papers, and lading got
before him to Sterling, May 31. whither he had no more mind (after Cromwel
and he had conferred) to return.
by the Lord
and Lord
Cranſton.
"The Reduction
The Dutch had now fent Van Tramp their Admiral with 12 fail of Men
of Scilly-Inland of War to Scilly Ifland, to demand fatisfaction for 20 fhips which Sir John
in May.
Greenvile the Governour had feized; and had further inftructions to Treat with
the faid Governour: which,befides the aim this State had to integrate all the An-
tient Dominions of England under a new Commonwealth, did very much enjea-
lous
1.
1651.
289
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
lous them that that important place might be put into Dutch hands: thereup-
on a Fleet was preſently manned for the Reduction of that place, and Sir
George Ayfcue (who was then preparing for a Voyage to Barbadoes in the Rain-
bow and two other Men of War upon the fame account) was ordered to at-
tend General Blake in that Service, who Inibarqued in the Phænix-Frigat; and
on the 18 of May with great refolution he landed fome of his Forces in the
Iflands of Trefco and Brier, which were as ftoutly defended by the Noble Colo-
nel Wogan, who in his Voyage from Ireland had taken up Arms here for the
King again, and made a very great flaughter of the firft Invaders: but footing
being gained by freſh Boats fucceeding the other, he paft over to the Ifle of St.
Maries, both more naturally and Artificially Fortified, and of very difficult ac-
cefs. Some few attempts were nevertheless made; but rather to fhew there
was an Enemy there, who would fain be admitted, and who otherwife might
prove very troubleſome to their Trade: and to that effect a Summons or invitati-
on was fent unto the Governour; who having (as it was believed) the Kings leave
for what he ſhould do therein, and knowing with England it would return, and
without would be of little uſe to the Crown; after fome Meffages accepted
of a Treaty which after careffes and civilities on both fides, concluded in a
Rendition of the Ifle, on the fecond of June, upon very Honourable Terms. St Maries
The Governour Sir John, the fon of Noble Sir Bevil Greenvile, after Earl of
Island Surren
dred June 2,
Bath, a perfon always much in the Kings Favour, receiving a confiderable fum by Sir John
of Money and Indemnity for his Eftate and perfon, freed from all manner of Greenvile, to
Arreſts and moleftations whatſoever: the Officers and Souldiers to go whi- Gen. Blake
ther they would; of whom, Sir Fulk Hunks with Doctor Lesley the Biſhop of
Down failed for Ireland, Colonel Wogan for Scotland, to pufue the quarrel there
alfo. In all, there went out 9 Colonels, 4 Lieutenant-Colonels, 10 Serjeant-
Majors, 60 Captains, (faith the Catalogue) 40 Lieutenants, and other under-
Officers of a proportionable number: which over, Sir George Ayfcue proceeded
in his Voyage.
;
and Sir Geo:
Ayfcue.
Prince Rupert was now at Sea from Toulon, with five Men of War, and two Pr. Rupert
Fire-fhips, failing the Mediterranean-fea, in Company with his Brother Prince and Pr. Mau-
Maurice and much difcourfe there was of the Duke of Lorrain's fhipping and rice at Sea
Tranſporting forme Forces for Ireland, by an Agreement made with the Iriſh, from Toulon.
and promoted at the French Court (whither the Duke of York, was now ex-
pected, and Sir Edward Hide arrived out of Spain) and feveral Provinces and
Cities were by report affigned him for his fecurity; but the whole ſtory proved
meer Caftles in the Air: for it's fuppofed the Duke was unwilling to come
where his plundering Troops fhould finde Blows inftead of Booty; and he had
his own Country and Dominions to regain firft. An Agent likewife came now
An Agent likewife came now A Agent from
to the Parliament of England, and owned them as fuch, from the great Duke the D. of Flo-
of Florence, May the 21. The Lord Howard of Eſcrick, a Peer,
The Lord Howard of Efcrick, a Peer, who had got rence to the
himfelt returned a Burgefs for Carlisle, was about this time convicted of Bribery, Parliament of
difmiffed the Houſe, and committed to the Tower.
England.
Lord Howard
Gromwel being at Edenburgh, having notice how the King lay encamped at committed to the
Sterling, Lefley's Foot quartering on the South-fide, and Middleton's on the Tower for Bri-
North fide of the Park encompaffed with a Stone-wall; and that abundance of bery.
Proviſion was brought in daily, fuppofing they would march, drew all his For-
ces out of the Weft with as much care and conduct as could be, and Encamped
likewife in the Fields by Edenburgh in a readineſs for them, whether to march
or fight: But in the mean time he was taken very ill of his Ague, ſo that Do- Cromwel fick
&tor Wright, and Doctor Bates (an eminent Phyfitian, and a concealed Roy-
May.
alift, as appears by a polite Piece of his, written fome time before, entituled,
Elenchus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia) were fent down to attend his Cure; and
many blithe and anxious difcourfes were concerning his Death, as either partie
wifhed, for he was brought very low; but being recovered to fome degree of
Health by thefe Gentlemen, it was prefently founded like a Proclamation; and
I have therefore thought fit to tranfcribe a piece of the Letter, that the World
Qq
may
290
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
1
Part of a Let-
ter from one of
Cromwels
Creatures.
land.
may fee what queer Hypocrites his Attendants, like himself and his times, were,
by the pious Nonſenſe and moſt Blafphemous Flattery of this Apocryphal Epiſtle.
If I knew the Secretary or Inditer, I would Chronicle him for his Pen.
Truly Sir, His Life and Health are exceeding precious, and 1 account it every day
a greater mercy than other that we have his Life, obferving that every difpenfation
of God draws him nearer to himself, and makes him more Heavenly and Holy, and
by consequence more useful for his Generation, in the management of that power
God hath Committed to him, &c.
An Act of Ob- The Parliament of Scotland after long debate had Paffed an Act of Olivion for
livion in Scot- all things done thitherto, inviting thereby ail Parties to joyn in carrying on the
Service of King and Kingdom; and a new Engagement with the Sacrament was
taken by the Kings Army to adhere to him: wh, reupon all Faction and Divifion
The Royalists feemed to be laid atide; the Royalifts and Kirk-men good Friends, and the
and Kirk-men Earl of Calendar made Commander in chief of the new Levies: and this newly
good friends.
Earl of Calen- made Peace and Friendſhip was no more than juft neceffary, for the Wolf was
der Commander at the Door, and ready to feize. In the interim, it was thought expedient for
in chief of their fome of their Horſe to march to Dumfrize in the Weft of Scotland, now deſerted
by the Enemy, and to make more confiderable Levies.
newo Levies.
The Presbyteri-
an Minifters
feized by the
Council of
State, in order
to their Tryal,
May.
Mr. Love
charged with
High Trealon.
On the 7 of May, Mr. Love, Mr. Jenkins, Mr. Drake, and other Presbyte-
rians had been ſeized by order of the Council of State,in order to their Tryal be
fore the High Court of Justice,as yet ftanding by Adjournments (and having three
times convened before them old and refolute Sir John Stawel, who ſo gravel-
led them, that at the third Hearing they were forced to defift from the purſuit
of his Blood; and making report thereof to the Parliament, they Voted the
fale of his Eitate, giving him ſad cauſe to complain with Job, With the Skin of
my Teeth am I elcaped ; making an exception to that general Rule, - Vefti-
gia cerno omnia te adverfum fpectantia nulla retrorfum: He firft eſcaping Condem-
nation at that Tribunal.) Now the aforefaid Minifters, with fome Laicks (En-
gaged in the faid practiſe for the King) were brought thither; and Mr. Love
firft and principally charged with High Treafon againſt the State, for holding
correſpondence with the King and his Party, and fupplying them with Money,
contrary to an Act of Parliament in that caſe provided. After ſeveral appear-
ances, in all which Mr. Love very undauntedly difputed the Court, one Mr.
Mr. Jackſon Jackson a Minifter denying to give in Evidence again't him, was fined 500 1.
fined 500l.
and committed to the Fleet (which made him more paffionate and confident)
but the accufation being at laft proved againti him, he defired Lawyers to affitt
him, and had them affigned; but they not having taken the Engagement,
would not be admitted to Plead, Mr. Hales onely excepted. In fum,
main defence appearing to be equivocal, in that he averr'd he did not perfonal-
ly correfpond, neither Write, nor receive Letters, nor fend any, or receive any
Money to that uſe himſelf; and to confift alfo of an allegation of his merits,
mixt with invectives againſt the Court and its Authority, which he aided with
Scripture-proof, in an Oration of two hours, on the 15 of June: On the 5
Mr. Love Sen. Of July they proceeded to Sentence; which was, that he fhould be Beheaded: the
tenced, July s. time appointed, the 15 day of the fame Month, which by feveral Petitions of
his wife and others was refpited to the 15 of Auguft.
and committed
to the Fleet, for
refusing to give
Evidence
against Mr.
Love.
Mr. Potter
and Mr. Gib-
bonsSentenced,
July 25.
his
And in the mean time, on the 18 of the fame Month, Mr. Potter an Apothe
cary in Black-friers, and one Mr. Gibbons, were tryed before the fame Court.
Potter confeffed, and craved their mercy; Gibbons pleaded matter of Law: but
on the 25 of July they were both Sentenced as Mr. Love, who not coming up
to the Parliaments expectation of diſcovery, and more humble fubmiflion and
acknowledgement of their Authority, and the King advanced into England,
Mr. Love and had his Reprieve caffated by the Parliament, who referring him to the High
Mr. Gibbons Court of Justice, they ordered his Execution with Gibbons on the 22 of Auguſt
which was done on Tower-bill accordingly. Mr. Love refolutely enough, and
I am loath to prejudice his Memory; for his defigne was good proof of his
Loyalty,
Executed on
Tower-hill.
1651.
291
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Loyalty: Gibbons bewrayed fomething of pufillanimity, as being a Taylor,
and after, a kind of Sollicitor to Mr. Hollis, for whofe relation more than his
own guilt, he was thought fit to fuffer; for when the Blow was juft a coming
upou his Neck, he turned his Eyes and Face towards the Executioner, in hopes
(or de fire at least) of fome Reprieve; but prefent Death freed him with o-
ther troubles and follicitudes of Life from that fudden anxiety. And fo we
have done with our High Court of Justice for this Seffion.
This High Court of Justice was fo much their darling, that the antient Judica-
tures had little or no respect, especially they could not endure any of thoſe
Courts that more immediately related to the King: and as they had changed the
name of his Bench to the Upper-Bench; fo now, that there might remain no foot-
fieps of a Court, or the Majefty of a Prince, they aboliſhed the Marſhals-Court An Act for a-
at Southwarke, which was a kinde of a peculiar Kings-Bench for the Verge, that
bolishing the
Marthals-
15, 12 miles circuit every way round the Kings Relidence and Palace (that there Court in
might be no annoyance nor diſorder committed neer his Perfon.) It was re- Southwark.
folved therefore July the 8, that the Court of the Knight-Marshal held in South-
warke, fhould be from and after the first of August next, abfolutely diffolved
and taken away, and no further Suit, Action, or Proceeding to be had there-
upon.
、
About this time they paffed another Act, which as that ftruck at the Root of Another for the
the Royalty of England, ſo this lopt the Branches that clave to it, viż. An Act Sale of Delix-
for the fale of Delinquents Lands, fuch as had with the utmoſt of their Lives quents Lands:
and Fortunes ferved the late King in our unnatural Wars. It will be needleſs
and too bulky to name them particularly; we will mention onely fome of the
principal: the Duke of Buckingham, the Marqueffes of Newcastle, Worcester, Win-
chefter; the Earls of Cleveland, Norwich, Scarfdale; the Lords Hopton, Wilmot,
Langdale, Gerard, Cottington, Jermin, Percy, Culpeper, Hide, and laftly the Lord
Craven, whofe Princely Eftate was enough to help them to a quarrel againſt
him; which they managed by a perjured Fellow one Faulkner, into a fufpition Faulkner 4
of Treafon; he depoling that the faid Lord Craven had delivered a Petition to perjured wit-
the King at Breda, from him, and other Cavalier-Officers, wherein the Parlia- ne against be
ment were termed Bloody and Barbarous Rebels and Traytors. This wretched
fubornation was laid to the charge of the Lord Gray of Grooby, who afterwards
fold his own Inheritance to purchaſe fome of this Lord's, whom the Parlia-
ment had peremptorily fummoned to appear by a day at Westminster, which he
wifely declining, as having heard fufficiently of their High Court of Justice, they
proceeded to fale; and although afterwards he convicted the aboveſaid Villain
of wiltul Perjury, and afterwards profecuted his right before a Committee ap-
pointed to adjudge claims, where Bradshaw had the Chair; (who to captate an
opinion of Justice, feemed to favour the merit of the Caufe, and gave a refo-
lution accordingly :) yet could his Lordship by no means recover his poffeffion;
being baukt and wearied with a fruitless Suic and Attendance during the Ufur-
pation.
4
1
Lord Craveri.
To tingle alfo out of the number of the Honourable the Loyal Commoners,
Sir John Stawel, who for all the Honour of the Sword, his Articles at Exeter
(which as they faved his Life, fhould in the fame manner have preferved his
Eitate was now put into this Black Bill of Forfeiture and Attainder; the
Eltates of them all being vetted in the hands of William Skinner, William Ro The Estates of
binfin, Sampfon Sheffield, Samuel Gookin, Henry Seely, William Lifle, and Arthur the Royalifts
Samuel, as Truſtees; Robert Manwaring Regiſter-Accountaut, Randal Man- put to fale•
waring Comptroller, and John Baker Surveyor-General. Thefe were again
named to the fame trufts in the fecond Edition of this libellous Act, which be-
gan with a Preface of Treafon and Rebellion againſt the Commonwealth: and
great fear there was that fuch Acts would at laft become as conftant as thoſe
of the Monthly Affeffments, till they had not left à Royalift but what was en-
flaved and fold.
And that they might appear the more like to what they had reduced them'
Q93
in
1
}
1
ì
}
ed.
292
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
The HORONYs of in this emptiness and meannefs of Eftate, they Enacted the ftripping them of
the Royalis thofe Honours which their Loyalty and worth had purchafed them, that they
given by the
King (ince Jan. might be fit Peers to fit with any Lower-Houfe, and the Gentry be futable
1641. abolish- Mates and Company to their finical Rabble, who had now Coached their Fel-
low-Servant-maids, with all the other diftinctions of Gentility, even to the
laughter of the enraged people; who perceived they had Fought for thofe,
that were fo much unintereffed in the Quarrel, as to what they had to lofe,
as the meaneft of thoſe wretches, who fneak in for Drink to Games and Match-
cs, have in the Stake and Adventure. It was made by thefe men, a penalty of
51.
5 1. for any Knight, proportionably 50 l. for a Duke, to receive a Title which
had been conferred on him fince January 1641. And the feveral Patentees or
Titulado's were Commanded to bring in their Fatents by fuch a time, or elſe
to incur worfer Forfeitures. But this not being fuch an Affront and Indignity
as the abrogating the power of the whole Peerage, was taken but for a brava-
do; nor did I ever hear any one that paid for giving or receiving this due civili-
ty:s
which even fuch of them as had Breeding and Manners, would be guilty of
themſelves.
The Irish affairs
June.
Lord Brog-
ry..
1
Sir Charles
Coot fuccef-
full.
In Ireland the Lord Broghal had given a notable defeat to the Lord Musker-
ry; who having beaten up his Quarters could not fo conveniently and nimbly
hall defeats the retire, but Brogal was at his Heels: It was a difpute with all Cavalry, no
Lord Musker- Foot on either fide; which before had not happened in Ireland: there was lofs
on both fides; but the leaft thereof with the Victory fell to the Engliſh. A-
bout the fame time Sir Charles Coot having attended a Paſs over the Shanon,
which was guarded all along the other fide by the help of three Cotts, and a
Boat, landed fome. few Forces upon one of the Enemies Guards, (who
fufpected no Boats poffible to be had without danger of finking as they paffed )
and maſtered it; whereupon all the Irish Forces difpofed thereabouts in feveral
Pofts, ran away to Limerick, leaving the River free; which was laid over pre-
fently with a Bridge to bear Horfe and Artillery. Athlone a week before had
been delivered by the Lord Dillon to the faid Sir Charles, by which means the
whole Irish Council and the Marquefs of Clanriekard, and Castlehaven, were put
into great ſtraights and confufion of Councils.
The Irish Coun
cil and com.
manders in
great flraights
Scots Leaguer
in Tor-wood.
The English Army in Scotland was now in motion for grafs, and marched
upon their old defigne of Sterling to Newbridge, fo to Lithgow, from whoſe
Caftle-Bartlements they might elpy the Tents of the Scotch Army, Encamped
in Tor mood, fome four miles off this fide Sterling (whither Warriton was now
fummoned by the Commiffioners of the Affembly, peremptorily by the third of
July) having caft up a regular and well-fortified Line with Bulworks mounted
with Guns, and having a River behind them, which they might paſs at plea-
fure in this pofture they awaited the English, who coming up and facing then
the third of July, in the night following the Scots drew up their Cannon, and
planted them on the brow of the Hill, and next morning faluted Cromwel
with 50 Great Guns; but with little Execution; which made him quickly
draw out of fhot, and give over his once-begun refolution of attaquing them
at fo much difadvantage. The English therefore marched back again: Major-
General Lambert being fent from Glafcow a week after to view the Paffes;
which he reported by reafon of the boggy approaches there, to be very hazar-
dous. Upon their departure from Lithgow to Glafcom the Scots removed from
Tor mood, and Encamped at Kilfith, a place environed with infuperable defen-
•
į
having a Bog on one hand, and craggy Mountains on the other: but
the English Army having eaten up all at Glafcom and thoſe parts, and tred:
down the Corn ftanding, that the Scots might finde no fuftenance that way, if
they ſhould march, appearing and marching with great noife; on the one fide,
Cromwel for- they imaging the English meant to clap in between them and Sterling, halte-
dar-boule, the ned back again to their old Line at Tor-wood July 13, whither Cromwel fol-
defendants put lowed,and to provoke them to an Engagment, Stormed Calendar-houſe in their
to the Sword. view, and put all the Defendants except the Governour to the Sword, and
meth Calen-
then
7
?
t
1651.
293
England, Scotland and Ireland.
$
then feeing there was no poffibility of fighting with them, but that they were
refolved to keep them in play, till Winters fcarcity of Horfe-meat fhould make
them give over and depart the Kingdom; he Encamped himſelf, awaiting
the fuccefs of his defigne by Boat into Fife: In the mean while, Newark-houſe, Newark-houſe
lying before Dunbarton-Caſtle, was taken, and two Houses more.
and two others
Prince Rupert, and Captain Pen Commander of a Fleet in the Streights for takın.
the Parliament, were now both at Sea together, but it was not their fortune
to meet one another. The Prince had lately taken a Spaniſh Ship, worth
Pr. Rupert
100000 Crowns, and had put forth a Declaration, fhewing the reafon thereof, takes a rich
(fatisfying partly his own Revenge for the Spaniſh injuries towards the Palati- Spaniſh ſhip.
nate) which were, First, That Kings giving Protection and Free Port to the Kings
Rebels, and Owning them, and denying the like to His Majesties ſhips, contrary to
the Treaty between both Crowns; bu forcing the Marriners that were put on
fhore by Blake, on board the ſaid Admiral, and making them ſerve the Rebels a-
gainst their wills, &c. The like he declared against the Genoefe, from whom he
had taken another Veffel; the objections against them being their Entertain-
ment of Captain Hall, fent into thofe Seas before Pen. As for the recognition of
this State, the Genoeſe did not that till afterwards, when they faw what Influ-
ence the potent Fleets of this Commonwealth had upon all the Trade of Italy.
With these two Veffels and his own Men of War, the Prince failed to the Ifles
of Madera, upon a defigne againſt the Spaniſh Plate-fleet, and Domingo; but
his ship the Reformation was fo crazy and leaking, that they could hardly bring
her thither, where it had been happier ſhe had been broken up, than fo bung-
lingly mended; thofe Carpenters and Ship-wrights not well underſtanding
the Kepair of ſuch our Ships; but indeed ſhe was too Old for any flight
Remedy.
While Cromwel attended the Scots at Tor-wood, within a mile and a half
of them at Falkirk, at length the long-expected fuccefs of a Tranſportation in-
to Fife manifefted it felf; for Colonel Overton with 1400 Foot of his own, and
Colonel Daniels Regiment, with four Troops of Horfe of Colonel Lydcots,
having with the lofs of a few men gained a place called North-ferry on the other
fide the Frith, on the 17 of July had as the time ferved intrenched themſelves;
and before the Scotch Army then beyond Sterling could reach them with a ſuf-
fiçient Force to drive them out, Major-General Lambert was paffed over to
them, it being an Arm of the Sea, on the 19 being Saturday, in the afternoon;
whereupon Sir John Brown Major-General of the Scotch Forces, drew down up-
on them; but Lambert with his Foot defended himfelf till his Horfe came o-
ver, the next day, and then he drew out; which Brown perceiving, and 'that
the Enemy was ftronger than himſelf, he wheeled about, intending a retreat;
but being cloſely followed, he Embatteled himſelf on the fide of a Hill, inten-
ding to protract time (unleſs Lambert would venture up to him) till more
Forces then neer him were come up. Lambert perceived as much, and there-
fore committing the right Wing of the Horſe to Okey, himſelf in the Battel,
and Overton in the Referve, and Colonel Lydeet in the left Wing of Horfe; a
furious fight began, Okey couragiouſly charging up the Hill, and was as gallant- A fight in Fife
ly charged by the Scots Lanciers; the Highland-Foot did likewife good fervice, between Sir
John Brown
for the whole Army, was in a trice Engaged, and in a trice ceaſed, the brunt and Maj. Gen.
of it not continuing above a quarter of an hour: the flaughter was very great, Lambert,
occafioned (faid the Engliſh) by reafon of the Highlanders not underftan- July 20.
The Scots
ding Engliſh, and fo uncapable of crying Quarter; but by others it's more juft-
worsted, Sir
ly imputed to Command, for that the Highlanders were moft-hateful of all John Brown
Scots to the Army, as being more Loyal than the other, the onely cauſe of the taken, and a
Quarrel. However it were, here were no less than 2000 flain, and fome 1600 while after
taken Prifoners; few of 4500, as they were computed (the English far Excee-
ding them in number) elcaped with the lamentable tidings. Sir John Brown
their Major-General, and Colonel Buchanan and Scot were taken Prifoners: in
which condition Brown died not long after at Leith.
dies.
Before
i
1
1
294
Caftle and
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
Before this defeat the Scots marched over Sterling-bridge to fiep this Inva-
fion; but underſtanding the remedileffneſs of it, and Cromwel marching to-
wards Sterling, made him to retreat thither again: in the mean while most of
the Army was boated over. Major-General Harrison who had attended about
Carliſle and Cumberland, to ſtop the Kings advance if He fhould have come
that way, when Crommel lay about Edenburgh, which was the fhorter cut to
London, was now marched by Edenburgh way, and the charge of the Army on
this fide the Frith (with Colonel Riches and Colonel Bartons Forces then
upon the fame march) committed to his Command, while the Engliſh Army
in Fife advanced to Saint Johnſtons, from whence the Parliament and General
Inchigarvey- Affembly had fled to Dundee, affrighted with this news. Inchigarvey-Caftle
ſtanding in the midft of the Frith, having been delivered on the 24 of July
with the Guns therein, and Brunt-Ifland tollowed the faid fortune on the 27,
on which day Cromwel having fate down before Saint Johnſtons with his whole
Army, though a relief of two Regiments of Foot had been newly put in from
over the Water, yet deſpairing of holding out againſt ſo prevalent and nume-
rous an Enemy, upon the Engliſhes opening their Sluces, Rendred upon Brunt-
Iland Articles, which were the ufual Military ones of Drums-beating, &c. on
the third of Auguft. On the firft whereof, Cromwel had notice of the Kings re-
moval from Sterling; but nevertheleſs reſolved to proceed with his buſineſs at
Saint Johnstons; which being thus over, he marched his men with ali haft to
Brunt-Iſland, where he Ferried to Leith, leaving General Monke to Command
in Scotland, with 7000, and on his march to reduce Sterling, and haftned after
the King.
Brunt-Ifland
delivered to the
English.
St. Johnftons
delivered to
Cromwel.
The King may-
ches for Eng-
land, July 21.
The Parl. fettle
the Militia.
Royalists forbid
to depart their
Honfes.
1
It had all along been the Kings defire to have marched into England before
this fatal opportunity, and His coming was expected by His Friends every day,
though in no condition able to help Him, being fo fpeut, watted and terrified
with the late and yet grievous Sequeftrations and Sales; but the King was ima-
gined here by His Party to be able to do His buſineſs without them; and the late
immature diſcovery of Loves defigne and his Sentence, had quite bogled his Pref-
byterian well-wishers, whatever they muttered to themfelves of their adventu-
rous Loyalty. Indeed nothing fo much heightned the hopes of all good men,
as thofe fears, and diftrufts, and ill looks which the Phanatick-party diſcovered
upon this occafion, the rather becauſe Harriſon had lain fo long in thoſe parts by
which the King entred, on purpofe and by expreſs order to keep him out if pof-
fible, or at leaſt retard Him fo in the Borders, that Cromwel might overtake him
there, who was now three days march behind, and Harrifon allo not very for-
ward in his march: And furely Cromwel was very fenfible of his loytering at
Saint Johnstons, through a proud humour of not riling without it, fince England
was of the far greater concernment; and it ſet him a little awry in the opinion
of his Partifans.
The Parliament no fooner had notice of this Emergency by feveral Expreffes
(who Rid as if their Necks had been at ftake) but out come three Acts or
Proclamations together; the one for the Militia, fetling it as it ſtood eſtabliſhed,
and further forbidding all Royaliſts to depart from their Houſes, and Comman-
ding all other people to give an account of their Servants to the next Officer, if
they fhall abſent themſelves. An Act forbidding Correfpondence with the
Correspondence King or His Party. And therewith another product of Treafon in grain againſt
with the King the King, His Perfon and Authority which faid Decrees they did with confi-
dence command to be publiſhed, ſetting a good glofs and refolute Face upon
their deſpairing and mifgiving thoughts, left they might not feem (what they
were molt ſure of from the people) to be wanting to themſelves, in this perplext
and unconfulted occurrence.
or his Party
forbid.
Toc King at
Carliſle, Pro- The King departed from Sterling the laft of July, and came into England
claimed there by the way of Carlisle; and upon His firft footing there, was Proclaimed right-
King of Great ful King of Great Britain, and did thereupon publifh his Declaration, where-
in He offered His free Grace and Pardon (to be confirmed by an Act thereafter)
Britain: He
Dubli(beth his
Declaration.
to
1651.
295
England, Scotland and Ireland.
to all bist
to all His Subjects of England, of whatever Nature or Crime their Offences, Offereth an
were, excepting Cromwel, Bradshaw, and Cook, the more immediate Murtherers Act of Pardon
of His Father; and therewith profecuted His march, being Proclaimed in the
Cromwel,
fame manner through all the Towns He paffed. The Engliſh that accompa- Bradshaw,
nied Him of Note, were the Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Cleaveland, Lord and Cook.
Wentworth, Lord Wilmot, Colonel Wogan, (I finde him in all Services)
Colonel Matthew Bointon, Major-General Maſſey, and Colonel Graves, Titus,
and Major Aſburſt.
The King marched directly North-west to Lancaſhire, whither Harriſon with
fome of Limberts men had got before Him, intending to ftop His further paf-
fage at Warrington; to which fervice they had obliged and animated the new- Warrington-
fight.
raiſed Cheſhire-Foot, amounting to neer 3000; but both they and Harriſon re- Lambert and
ceived a notable defeat at that place by the conduct of Colonel Maſſey, who fet Harrifon de-
them a forerunning with a greater speed than they had made hitherto to over- feated by Maf-
take the King; to whom in this County came the Earl of Derby, who landed fey.
The Earl of
at Wye-water from the Ifle of Man, though not with the fame inftantaneous Derby joyas
(or indeed any) fuccefs, which his great Anceftor the noble Stanly brought with the King
to His Majefties Royal Progenitor King Henry the feventh, upon his like difpute, in Lancaſhire.
for the regaining of the Crown. With the Earl of Derby the King left fome
Forces of Engliſh under his Major-General Sir Thomas Tildefly, to ftrengthen
what Forces he brought with him, and to countenance thofe Levies he was to
make in that County, where he was very well beloved, both for his own and his
Anceſtors worth, and moft liberal Hofpitality. Maffey was left here behind, but
preſently recalled.
From Warrington the King paffed with quick marches through part of The King fum-
Cheshire to Newport in Shropshire, whence He fent His Invitations and Sum- mons Shrewf-
mons to Colonel Mackworth Governour of Shrewsbury, and Sir Thomas Mid- bury, in vain.
dleton. Mackworth confidently refuſed, directing his anſwer to the Commander
in chief of the Scotch Forces, not owning the King for fo much as their Sove-
raign.
Aug. 22.
On the 22 of August, the Van of the Kings Army entred Worcester, ſome re-
fiftance being attempted to be made by fome new-raifed Forces under one Co- The King comes
to Worceſter,
lonel James, and by the influence of Baron Wilde; but the Townf-men faved
them the labour of driving them out, and most joyfully welcomed thefe weary
guests, and fuch too as in 1645. had been extremely oppreffive and intolerably
burdenfome, at the Siege of Hereford: but their gladneſs at the Kings prefence,
and hope of his Reftitution, obliterated all other confiderations and remem-
brances whatſoever. The Mayor and his Brethren at the Kings Intrado did him
the cuſtomary, but moft chearful Obey fances, tendring Him the Keys and the
Mace upon their Knees, and bidding Him and His Forces welcome to this His
Majefties Antient and Loyal City; where the fame day with great folemnity He
was anew Proclaimed, and the tired Souldiers moſt abundantly provided for,
being in all,Scotch and Engliſh, fome 13000, who had marched 300 miles out-
right in 3 weeks.
In the mean time the Parliament had amaffed a numerous Militia in all the
The Parl. raije
Counties of England, and had muftred the London-Regiments in Morefields, the Militia
with a full, yet not quarter appearance of fuch as would fight for them againft and London-
their Prince, as they witneffed by that dumb filence which was obftinately kept, Regiments.
upon the Reading of their Proclamation againſt the King, and burning his
Declaration at the head of every Regiment; who were defigned onely for the
fervice and fecurity of the City. The Country-Troops in the mean time ad-
vanced, and glad were the Members that the King ftayed for them; for no-
thing was more dreaded than His continued march to London, which place
would have foon ridded their fears, upon an approach of the Kings Army but
30 miles further from Worcester: but to prevent that, as Effex did before at
the beginning of the War (whofe firft efforts took this way) Cromwel by long
marches through Newcastle, Rippon, Ferrybrigs, Doncaster, Mansfield, and Co-
ventry,
296
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The King Sum-
moas the Coun-
try.
Wigon-fight,
Auguſt 25.
Lilburn de-
ventry, had interpofed himſelf, and joyned with his Army at Keynton, where
a General Council of all his Officers was held, and a ſpeedy advance to Worcester
refolved on; Lieutenant-General Fleetwood being difpatcht to bring up his For-
ces then on their way at Banbury, the grofs of all the Forces amounting to a-
bove 40000 effective, Militia and all.
The King had Summoned in all the Country to his affiftance, and Rendez-
vouzed on the 26 of August upon Pitzfodder-Heath neer that City, and went
on with the Fortifications and rearing the Mount. Of the chief of thoſe that
came in was the Lord Talbot after Earl of Shrewsbury, and Colonel Howard,
Colonel Sir Edward Broughton, and Captain Benbow, and fome adventurers from
London,who were forced to pafs through the Parliaments Army; nor could it be
expected any could appear, when fuch powerful Militia's were up every where,
fo that all the new acceffional ftrength the King received, was no way confider-
able, fave for the Gallantry and Noble Loyalty of fuch as in theſe diſadvantages
owned His Majefties Cauſe and Fortunes.
Yet there was a Noble Perfon, and fome few of his partakers, whom fro-
ward unkinde Fate had banded from one ruine to a worſe, and had added to
that number of English at Worcester. This was the truly Honourable Earl
of Derby, that was left behinde in Lancashire to raiſe that County, whoſe Le-
vies with that Force left him did not amount to above 1200 men, though a
little more time had rendred him formidable; with thofe he was marching
upon a defigne to fall upon Cromwel's own Regiment, quartering upon their
march in Lancaster, when in the nick comes Colonel Lilburn with 10 Troops
of Horſe fent by the General from Tork upon this very Service, having with
him two Regiments of the Cheshire-Foot, and other additions of Horſe. The
Earl was now in the midſt of both theſe Parties, and therefore refolved to fight
with Lilburn, finding his men couragious and defirous to engage, though
moft Horſe, and in Lanes; and accordingly charged them fo furiously, that he
totally routed their firft Troops, and made an impreffion into their Body fo far
that they began to run, while other freſh Referves coming in, they were forced
to face about, being annoyed with the Mufquets; yet did they renew the charge
again, and had they had but another Referve, they had in all probability won
the day; for it was upon a fecond Turn, when another fupply refifted the tor-
rent of their Valour, which left undeniable proofs of it felf, in the death of
drington, Ma. moft of the Commanders of their Wounds in and after the Battle; the names
Gen. Sir Tho. of which were the Lord Widdrington, Major-General Sir Thomas Tildefly, Colo-
Tildefly, Col.
Mat. Boynton
nel Mat. Boynton, Sir Francis Gamul, Lieutenant-Colonel Gallyard, and Major
Sir Francis Trollop, and Chester; the Priſoners were Sir William Throckmorton, Colonel Ri-
Gamul, &c. chard Leg, Colonel Robinson, Bayns, Gerard, Lieutenant-Colonel Rigby, Con-
Stable, and Major Gower, and fome 300 Prifoners, among whom were fome Re-
formadoes, and fome 80 flain, for the chief flaughter fell on the other fide du-
ring the fight. The Earl of Derby having loft his George and Garter, fled with
The Earl lefing fome 30 towards Worcester, having by the good providence of God, who alone
his George and is able to bring Evil out of Good, fheltered himself one night in a houfe called
Garter elcapes.
Bofcobel, which Heaven by this means had prepared for the Kings retreat and
prefervation.
feats the Earl
of Derby.
Slain on the
Kings fide,
Lord Wid-
Cromwel fur-
By this time Cromwel had furrounded that City with his fpreading Hoft, in
rounds Wor- as neer a compaſs as the Rivers and Paffes would fuffer him, the Kings Army
cefter, Au.13. as yet lying out of the Town a mile in the fields. The firft Pafs endeavoured
and poffeffeth to be taken, was Upton-Bridge on Fleetwoods fide, which Major-General Lam-
Upton-Bridge.
bert attempted with 500 Horfe and Dragoons, and after a brisk difpute wreſted
from Col. Maſſey, who in defence thereof received a wound in his Hand, the firft
mark of his redeemed honour, in that member which had been fo unhappily
active and fuccefsful against the King. The Scots having thus abandoned the
place, it was preſently poffeft by a ftrong party of Horſe and Foot, in order to
the prefent advance of the reft of the Army.
The Scots now drawn clofer to Worcester, made many Salleys, breaking down
two
1651.
297
England, Scotland and Ireland.
two or three Bridges over the River Team, and fhewing a well-ordered and
governed courage; but September the 3 that ominous day being arrived, Crom-
wel refolved to venture the event upon its former aufpicia, and to that purpoſe
having his Boats in readinefs pafs'd over his men : in the afternoon of that day
he drew out from his own Polt, and (having given the fignal to the whole Ar-
my to fall on) began the Fight in this manner.
Cromwel himself in perfon (about three a clock, with his Life-Guard, and Worcester-
Colonel Hacker's Regiment of Horſe, with part of his own Regiment and Co- Fight.
lonel Ingoldsby's, and Fairfax's entire) paffed over his Bridge of Boats upon
the Severn, and marched towards the City; after him, Lieutenant-General Fleet-
wood, who had been moft part of that day marching of five miles from Upton
to Powick-bridge, which the Kings Army had broken down, paffed with Colo-
nel Goff's and Major-General Dean's Regiments, and joyntly advanced; the
Kings Forces encountering them at the Hedges, and difputing every field with
them, in fuch order, and with fuch gallantry, that theſe already over (left they
ſhould not be wholly difcouraged with the hotnefs of the Service) were reliev
ed by Reſerves, and they by others; no confiderable progrefs yet made, the
Highlanders proving excellent fire-men, and coming to the But-end at every
foot, till weary, and their Ammunition ſpent, the King being then upon the
place Commanded them in fome hafte into the City, and haftened himself to the
other fide, where Colonel Hayn's Regiment with Cobbet's stood about Powick
Bridge, and were entertained with no lefs manhood and flaughter: and though
Colonel Matthews was the Reſerve to the other two Regiments, yet did the
Scotch Foot fairly drive them from their ground, till their little Army being
every way engaged, and no feconds or fupplies to be expected, after fome whee
lings in a careleſs regard of the Enemy, as if they feared not to make which way
they pleaſed, they drew likewife into the Town, as did that Brigade which
oppoſed the Regiments of the Lord Gray, Colonel Blague, Gibbons, and
Marsh.
But they stayed not long there; but as if their pent fpirits had broke out with
greater fury, they fallied out in great Bodies upon the Generals fide, who had
now brought the Militia-Forces into play, the Veterans wifely detrecting to
engage first upon the Storm which was then intended; but there was yet field-
matter enough to do. In the head of one of thofe Squadrons, the King him-
felf Charged with that gallantry which would have become our admiration
in other men, and fhewed he had not forgot the Difcipline of War in which
he had been brought up from his youth: In one of thofe Charges he made,
Duke Hamilton, a better Souldier, and noble gallanter perfon than his Brother,
received a ſhot in his Thigh, whereof preſently after he died. The loſs that
was fuftained by the Enemy, fell principally upon the Effex-Foot, and thoſe of
Cheshire and Surrey, who returned in thin Troops and Companies to their
Counties: but freſh and entire Brigades and Regiments, in Reterves, namely
Desborough's Regiment of Horfe, Cromwel's of Horfe, Major-General Lam-
bert's of Horfe, Whaley's, Harrifon's, and Tomlinson's Brigades, with other
Foot re-inforcing them; the Scots by the over-powering multitude were dri-
ven into the Town, Lefley with 2000 Horfe (upon what account not known)
not ſtirring out of the Town to relieve them, when the Enemy entred pell-
mell with them, and gained the Fort-Royal about feven a clock at night, at
which time the King lett the Town, it being dusk, and accompanied with fome The King des
60 Horſe of the chiefett and moſt confident of his Retinue, (though many feated at
Worcester,
more preffed to bear him Company) departed out of St. Martins gate; and it sep. 3.
was reported that Cobbet very narrowly miſt of him as the King left his Lodg-
ing, whither he firit haftned.
The Enemies Foot was now got into the Town, and according to their or-
der fell a Plundering the Town in a moft barbarous manner, as if Turks were
again Sacking of Conftantinople, and giving no Quarter to any they found in
the Streets: Through this their greediness of fpoil, they kept the Horfe out,
Rr
left
}
298
Worceſter
dered.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
left they ſhould have shared the better part, and to that purpoſe kept the Gates
faft as they were, and fo favoured (as God would have it) the Kings efcape.
Some Scots who had got into one of the Churches held out till next morning,
when they obtained Quarter for Life, by which time there was not an Inhabi-
tant in Worcester Friend or Foe left Unplundered but the Loyal Inhabitants
miferably plun- foon recovered themſelves, being fupplied with freſh Wares to their defires from
London, without any fcruple of credit or payment, and their Debts forborn till
fuch time as God fhould enable them; which the Gentry and Inhabitants round
about them endeavoured to bring to pafs, by their more than ordinary refort
to that Market, for all neceffaries, and upon all occafions. The Mayor (be-
ing Knighted by the King) and Aldermen were Committed to Prifon, and
the Wife of one Guyes (who for betraying the defignes of the King in that
Garrison was Hanged) was rewarded with 200 1. per annum, and 200 1.
down.
A Traytor
hanged, and
his widow
bountifully re-
warded.
Slain of the
Hamilton.
There were flain in Field, and in Town (in the laft the moft) and in purfuit,
fome 2000, and fome 8000 taken Prifoners in feveral places, moft of the Engliſh
eſcaping by their Shibboleth, the principal were Duke Hamilton, who preſently
Kings fide Dukt died of his wounds; and at Newport the Earl of Lauderdale, the Earl of Rothes,.
the Earl of Carnwarth, the Earl of Kelly, the Earl of Derby, the Earl of Cleave-
land, Sir John Packington, the Lord Spyne, Sir Ralph Clare, Sir Charles Cun-
ningham, Colonel Graves, Mr. Richard Fanshaw Secretary to the King, 6 Colo-
nels of Horſe, 13 of Foot, 9 Lieutenant-Colonels of Horſe, 8 Lieutenant-Co-
lonels of Foot, 6 Majors of Horſe, 13 Majors of Foot, 37 Captains of Horſe,
72 Captains of Foot, 55 Quarter-maſters, 89 Lieutenants: there were taken al-
fo fome General Officers, with 76 Cornets of Horſe, 99 Enfignes of Foot, 90
The Kings
Standard, bis Quarter-mafters, 80 of the Kings Servants, with the Kings Standard which he
Coach and Hor- had fet up when he Summoned the Country, the Kings Coach and Horfes, and
Collar of SS; but that which was ten times more worth than all, the Kings Per-
fon, they had no power to touch.
(es, and Collar
of SS, taken.
The King deli-
berates whither
to fly..
He (as was ſaid before) departed in the dusk, leaving Colonel Careles (now
by the King (in honour of his carefulneſs of his Majefties perſon) Named Car-
las, and a Coat of Arms pointing at this fervice added) in his Rear, to keep
the Enemy in difpute while he was fomething onward on his way, and the dusk
and deliberation might favour his efcape. To which end, all perfons about him
were Commanded to ſpeak French; and a preſent confultation was held which
courſe they ſhould teer, and it was refolved by the Earl of Derby, that they
ſhould make what ſpeed they could, and recover a place called Whiteladies be-
fore morning, which was fome 25 miles from Worcester; and thereupon one
Mr. Giffard then in the Company was called, for his guidance thither, it belong-
ing to his Family, and one Walker that had been formerly a Scout-maſter in the
Kings Army was his affiftant; yet the way was miſtaken as they paffed a Heath,
but by good providence foon recovered.
Betwixt three and four a Clock the King reached this place, and Mr. Giffard
(after fome knocking at the Door) called up one George Penderill, a fervant
in the Houſe, who hearing and knowing his Voice, ran down in his Shirt and
opened the Door, and the King and his Retinue entred; where after a little de-
bate about the ſecurity of his perſon, the faid Earl having called thither Wil-
liam Penderill the Houſe-keeper of Bofcobel, and another difpatcht towards
Tong to fee if the Coaft was yet clear; His Majefty having had his Hair cut
off, and his Buff-doublet and Linnen-breeches Buried, and diſguiſed in Country-
Habit, was with adjuration of the Fidelity of the Penderills (who were with
their Brother-in-law George Tates in number five) Committed and intruſted
by the Earl of Derby to their Tuition, which they moft folemnly and dutifully
The Lords leave promiſed. Then the Earl and the rest of the Lords, viz. the Duke of Buck-
him at White ingham and that train, with Tears took their leave (Derby would have tiaid;
but there was no probability of fecrecy for two) and the Lord Wilmot with
John Penderil withdrew himſelf from that Company to another retreat: The
ladies.
Tek
651.
299
England, Scotland and Ireland.
reft (except the Duke, who lay concealed in other friends houſes about that
Country) were taken as aforefaid at Newport by Lilburns Horte, the fame who
had defeated the Earl of Derby, who now rendred himſelf a Priſoner to one
Captain Edge of Lancashire, on promife of quarter for Life.
As foon as the King was thus left by his Company, with a Wood-bill in his The King in
hand he was conducted into a Wood or Coppice neer adjoyning, borrowing the the wood Thurf
Name of William Jones a Wood-cutter newly come thither for Work, and was day morning
Sep. 4.
accordingly inftructed in his Tongue and Behaviour. That day proved very wet,
fo that Yates's Wife brought him a Blanket to cover him, and a diſh of Milk
and Apples for his refreshment, and at night against his coming home (where
the Mother of the Penderils at her Son Richard's moſt joyfully welcomed him)
provided an ordinary Country Supper: which ended, the King with Kichard
his Guide refolving for Wales, went to one Mr. Wolfe's of Madely, where for
The King at
fear of fearch, the King was fain to take up his quarters in the Barn, Mr. Wolfe Madely.
and his Wife attending on him there, while no accommodation was good
enough for his Rebels, now lying in multitudes up and down that Country.
Here his Majelty underſtood that the Paffes over the Water and the River Severn
were fo guarded, that it was unfeafible for him to adventure over into Wales, fo
that on Friday-night the King retreated in his Woolen accoutrements about his
Legs,in which he had fain in that hard lodging in great pain and forenefs,to Bofco To Boscobel.
bel, where he found Colonel Carlos, who had alfo betaken himſelf thither for fhel-
ter: by his direction that Saturday the King went into the Wood, from the piea-
fantneſs whereof the Houfe took its name, and by his affiftance afcended into
the top of that moſt Celebrated Oak, which being thick with Branches ftretch- col. Carlos
ing and fhaddowing foreright, was altogether impervious to the light; and here directs the
the Colonel bore him Company while He laid his Head and flept upon a Pil- King to the
low in his Lap: At night they both defcended and came into the Houſe, and re-
freſht themſelves. The King perceiving the fecrecy of the place, was not willing
to keep longer abroad: Sunday the King paft away in a kinde of Arbour or
Banquetting-houfe at the end of the Garden. At this Houſe John Penderil
found him, being fent before by the Lord Wilmot, to conduct him to Mr. Whit-
graves at Mofely, whither with much difficulty and danger he himself had ar-
rived; but the fafety there answered all. The King approved of the Lord Wil-
mot's Relidence, and on Munday night (with the guard of the five Brethren)
on Humphrey cne Millers Horſe,and like accoutrements, came to Mr. Whitgrave's, At Mofely
where he was joyfully welcomed by the Lord and that Gentleman, and con- Whitgrave.
veyed into a fecret place; and there confultation was held, for a further pro-
greffion in this happy efcape, and to this purpoſe one Colonel Lane of Bentley To Bently
was made acquainted with it, and by them agreed, that Mrs. Jane Lane, upon with Mrs.
pretence of affitting at the Child-bed of her Sitter, fhould Ride to Bristol, and Jane Lane for
the King as her Servant before her, with Mr. Laffels and his Wife behinde him;
a Pafs accordingly having been procured.
Oak.
with Mr.
Bristol.
On their way thither, the Lord Wilmot (as of chance) met with them, ha- The King met
ving a Hauk on his Fift; and fo they journeyed together to Bromsgrove, where by the Lord
the Kings Horfe lofing a Shoe, His Majefty was forced to carry the Horfe to a Wilmot.
Farrier, who enquiring of News of the King, and being anfwered with the fuc-
cefs of the Fight at Worcester, but that the King was eſcaped into Scotland; re-
plied, that no doubt the King was fecretly fomewhere in England, and wifht he The dangerous
knew where, for that he could get 1000 1. by taking of him. That he pro- Expreffion of a
videntially mift, the King departing from thence to Evesham, where adviſing
how to avoid Troopers then Grazing their Horfes in the Meadows adjoyning,
they light upon them in a neer Village, but were civilly paft: from thence to
Cirencester to the Crown, where one night they Lodged, and ſo to Bristol, with-
in three miles of which place was the Houſe of Mr. Norton at Leigh, the defign-
ed Journeys end. Here the King feigned himſelf fick, and took his Chamber
by the order and care of Mrs. Lane; but the next morning coming into the
Celler, He was taken notice of by the Butler, one John Pope, a Souldier formerly
Rr 2
in
Farrier.
The King by
Everham.
AtCirenceſter
to Mr. Nor-
tons at Leighs
}
1
i
+
:
300
"The King and à
Lord Wilmot
za danger of
discovery at
Chayermouth
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
***
Part II.
in His Majefties Army, who upon an intent look difcerned him, and in all
dutiful manner difcovered to him his trufty difcovery of the King, which gain-
ed His Majeſties belief fo far as to employ him in getting a Ship for his Tranf-
portation. Thence the King was conducted by the Lord Wilmot to one Co-
lonel Windham's at Trent in Dorfetfhire, where, though to the knowledge of fix
or ſeven perfons of that Houshould, He yet continued almost three weeks, in
expectation of a paffage from Lime. Soon after his arrival here, Mrs. Jane
Lane with Mr. Laffels parted, being openly entertained as Kinsfolk, and came
in fafety back again to Staffordshire. The occurrences that happened here, I
cannot certainly relate, ouely the King was diſappointed of a Paffage, which a
Merchant had procured for him at Lime; but by fome ftrange accident (though
it pleaſed God no dangerous one) he performed not his Word, though a
very Loyal and True-hearted perfon. The King was a while Sick at this
place.
The Lord Wilmot who lay hereabouts, was employed about this ſhipping
with Colonel Windham; but this errour or diſappointment had like to have
proved his ruine, by the fhooing of his Horſe, (there was one Mr. Hen. Peters
that attended him for his Guide.) The Oftler and the Smith, who diſcovered by
the Shoos that they and the Gentlemen were come fomewhere from the Nor-
thern parts by their manner of Nailing them, preſently raifing a rumour of
the King being thereabouts, and fome Horfe prefently icoured the Road to Lon-
don; but his Lordſhip was got away by providence, and the King directed alfo
Adventures of out of bis way, and came to Bridport; where, as 'tis fince reported, he had like
to have been known by an Oftler, as he was fetting up the Horfes, who wel-
comed him, as having formerly feen him at Exeter, but did not fully at prefent
difcern him; and the King with a proffer of drinking with him when he was
more at leifure, withdrew himſelf from any further fight of him. That night
they touched at Broad-Windfor, where again the King met with fome diftur-
bance by Souldiers, then filling thofe places in order to their fhipping for
Ferfey.
the King.
At Heal at
The King now returned to Mr. Windham's with the Lord Wilmot, who had
overtaken them, and paffed by them at Bridport as was agreed, and thence (for
it could not be ſafe to continue longer in that place) was ſent to Salisbury to
look out for another Sanctuary, and to confer to that purpoſe with Mr. Coven-
try, who agreed to bring the King to Mrs. Hides, at a Village called Heal, (the
Mrs. Hides. King in his way to Salisbury, came to a Town called More to the George at one
Christ. Philips an acquaintance onely of the Colonels, where drinking in the Cel-
ler, the Hoft feeing the King ftand off ( as a Servant) faid, Thou look't like
an honeft Fellow, here's a Health to the King; who unreadily anſwering it, made
the man expoftulate with the Colonel what Fellow he had brought :) Here
the King (the Servants being ſent abroad) was introduced to a fecret place,
having visited Stonehenge upon that plain, attended onely with Colonel Robert
Philips (allo Dr. Hinchman fince Bishop of Salisbury had the honour to be
made acquainted with the Kings Condition) and the Colonel prefently dif
patcht away to procure fome fhipping at Southampton, where the Barks being
taken up and employed by the Juncto, after he had hired one, he returned
with his labour loft, fave that he met with Colonel Gunter, who being informed
of the buſineſs, happily ingaged another at Brighthemstead in Suffex, whither the
King (and the Lord Wilmot) having taken leave of this Noble Matron, ac-
companied with Colonel Philips by night, neer Portsmouth, came in two days
to an Inne at Brighthemftead, where Colonel Gunter and Mr. Maunfell the Mer-
chant that hired the ſhip, and the Ship-maſter Teterſhal (fince a Captain in his
Majefties Navy, the fhip that Tranfported the King being fince brought up
and preferved in the River for a perpetual memorial of this Happy Deliverance)
met him, and at Supper fate down together with his Majefty, when the Maſter
Teterfhal di prefently diſcovered the King, having formerly feen him in the Downs, when he
obtained the releaſe of his fhip loaden from Newcastle.
By Portf-
mouth to
Brighthem-
ftead.
covers the
King.
Where-
}
!
1
1
1651.
301
England, Scotland and Ireland.
h
age with the
fage.
Whereupon the King was beckoned to come and confer with the Mafter, Teterfhal re-
who being wrought upon by promiſes, and Money paid down, and his own Loy-ſolves to pro-
ceed in bis voy-
alty, agreed to perform his bargain, and departed to call up his Marriners then
on fhore; pretending his fhip half laden with Coles was a drift; and coming King.
home for a Bottle of Aqua Vite, his Wife by the unfeafonablenefs of the night
fufpecting the truth encouraged him to the undertaking, not caring (as the
faid) if the and tile ones begg'd their Bread fo the King were Transpor-
ted in fafety. The Inne-keeper alfo guefling at the matter, gave the King an
apprecation, and himself the hopes of being fomebody hereafter. About five King Em-
a clock, in the dark of the morning, about the 20 of October, the King Embar- barques.
qued, with the Lord Wilmot ; and keeping the thore all that day, in the evening
croft over, and at dark night landed neer Diepe in France. [In their paffage the A notable pafe
King fitting upon the Deck, and oblerving and directing the courie, or as they
call it, Conning the fhip, one of the Marriners blowing Tobacco in the Kings
Face, the Matter bid him go further off the Gentleman, who murmuring, un-
wittingly replied, That a Cat might look upon a King. ] At Rohan the King Arrives at
had his Cloaths changed by two Engliſh Merchants refiding there, and was hohan, to Pa
there faluted (though at first hardly known) by Doctor Earls after Lord-Ei-
ſhop of Worcester; and upon notice of his arrival, the Queen-Mother, and Duke
of Orleans, and that whole Court went out to meet him, and congratulate his
wonderful Deliverance. A Providence indeed not parallell'd in Hiftory, and
able to have convinced his Rebels, if their rage had not blinded them; but it
cheered the mindes and hopes of his Subjects, by this pledge of their falvation
in this marvellous protection of Gods Anointed: no less than 50 men and wo-
men being privy to his eſcape.
ris.
Cromwel and
But very few of his Nobles and Officers that came in with him efcaped. Da- Moft of the
vid Leſley and Lieutenant-General Middleton were taken in Lancaſhire, and car- Scots taken
ried Prifoners to Chester, whence the Earl of Lauderdale, Earls of Kelly and Prifoners.
Rothes, &c. were Committed to the Tower, from whence the Lord Middle-
ton happily eſcaped; the reft were (not long after ) fent to Windfor-Caſtle,
where they continued till the Reftitution. On the 21 of September, Cromwel
came to London, and was met about Acton with the Speaker and the Members, his Prisoners to
and the Lord Mayor, and Recorder Steel, who in a fet Speech congratulated his London, Sep.
great Succeffes, and like a falfe Prophet, by a miſtaken Prolepfis, applied theſe 12.
words of the Pfalmift, To binde their Kings in Chains, and their Nobles in
Fetters of Iron, in an arrogant Exaltation of his Atchievements. Next day the The Prifoners
Common Priſoners (being driven like a herd of Swine) were brought through The Colours ta-
fold.
Westminster into Tuthill-Fields, (a fadder fpectacle was never feen, except the ken, banged up
miferable place of their defeat) and there fold to feveral Merchants, and fent in Weftmin-
10 the Barbadoes; the Colours taken, were likewife hanged up in Westminster- fter-ball.
ball, with thofe taken before at Prefton and Dunbar.
•
The heart of the Scotch War was now broken; yet fome ftrugling there was
in the Limbs and extremities thereof for Life. Sterling Cattle fecing it to no furrendred,
Sterling-cafile
purpoſe to endure a Storm or a Siege, rendred upon Articles Auguſt the 14 to Aug. 14, to
General Monke: a more fumptuous ftately building than Edenburgh-Caſtle,where Gez. Monke
the Kings Royal Robes, the Cloth of State, and all the Scotch Records were Dundee fter-
for the Parl.
found and feized. From hence the General came before Dundee (whither the med Sep. 1,
Scots had conveyed the beſt part of their Movcables as a ſecure depofitory) and and taken by
Summoned it; which the Governour flighting, having 800 men befides the Ci- Gen. Monke,
tizens in Garriſon; General Monke gave order to Sorm it, and accordingly the defendants
Horfe and Foot about noon September the firft having a piece of white out be- sword.
hind, fell on refolutely, and the befieged being then in their cups, and worfe
drunk with a haughty confidence, after a fhort but ſharp refiftance, maſtered
the place, and put all they found in Arms to the Sword, and plundered the
Town of all its former and newly-put-in wealth, which amounted to vaſt fums. The Town mife-
Houfhould-goods were of fo mean an account, that nothing but Plate and Mo- rably plundred.
ney was regarded,and for which Feather-beds were ript, and the Feathers thrown
$
about,
put to the
302
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
?
Aberdeen
yielded.
St. Andrews
Fined 500 l.
Scotch Nobles
taken at Ellet
in the High-
lands, and Sir
John Daniel
and Col. Doug-
las taken at
Dumfreiz,
Aug.
A New Repre-
fentative deba-
ted of..
The High
Court of Ju-
ftice pardons
Mr. Jenkins
and others.
about; for it was abfolutely the richeft Town in Scotland, but now left not
worth a groat there were taken here alfo 60 fail of all forts of fhips that lay in
the Harbour, which likewife came into the Conquerours hands. Aberdeen
(40 miles further Northwards) yielded without any further conftraint; and
St. Andrews (the other Univerſity) was fined 500 1. for not furrendring upon
the first Summons; but upon their humble Petition, fetting forth that the
Town was no more than a Receptacle for poor Scholars, it was most part
remitted.
cap. Symkins,
Sir Timothy
Fetherston-
haugh, and
Col. Benbow
Executed, o&.
Juft a little before the ftorm of Dundee, a party fent under Colonel Matthew
Allured, furprized a Convention or Pack of Scotch Peers and Presbyters at Ellet
in the Highlands, not without fufpition of their own ſetting themſelves, or at
leaſt of ſome treacherous perfons among them; their names were, General Leſley,
Earl Marshal, Earl of Cranford, Earl of Keith, Lord Ogilby, Lord Burgenny,
Lord Humly, Lord Lee, Sir James Fowles, Sir James Lockhart, and 20 more
Knights and Gentlemen, Mr. Mungo Law, and Mr. Robert Douglas, eminent
Kirk-men, and Mr. James Sharp, now Lord-Arch-bishop of Saint Andrews,
and five or fix more, with 70 Servants: the Souldiers that took them had as
good (if not a better) Market than the Dundee-blades, getting many of them
500, or 400 pounds apiece, and all of them very confiderable fums. Thefe
Lords and Lairds, and their fellows the Minifters, were fhipt for London (that
they might give no difturbance to the Parliaments new-intended fettlement and
union of that Kingdom with this :) old Leſley obtained the favour from Sir Ar-
thur Hafilrig (ftepping at Newcastle) to ftay at his Son-in-laws Mr. De la
Val of Northumberland.
The first thing the Parliament now debated upon after Cromwel's fitting in
the Houſe, was a new Repreſentative, at his inftance and motion; which fame
project he had hinted covertly in all his Letters to the Parliament, under the
true intereft of a Commonwealth-Foundation: but that which was leaft talkt
of, and mainly intended, was an Act for the encouragement of the English
Navigation; the Soveraignty at Sea, being the main controverfie which both in
point of Honour and Intereft, neither State (we nor the Dutch) would ac-
knowledge to the other. The Judges of the High Court of Justice now pro-
ceeded where they left off with Mr. Love, in the Presbyterian-Plot; and accor-
dingly on the 10 of October Colonel Vaughan a Leatherfeller, Captain Hugh
Maſſey, Mr. Jenkins, Mr. Drake, did all of them confefs their fault and guilt,
alledging onely for defence their Oath of Secrecy, &c. After this confeffion they
were remanded to Prifon; but at the interceffion of the Lord Fairfax, as 'tis
fuppofed, and to honour their late-acquired Victory, the Parliament was plea-
fed upon their Petitions (that of Mr. Jenkins coming home to their haughty
humour, and acknowledging their Authority from God, and which was Printed
here by their Order for a pattern to the reft of the Presbyters, and reprinted at
Holland, to divulge their other Conqueft over that ftubborn Rabbinical Tribe)
they were quitted of their Imprisonment, and rettored.
But though they eſcaped, it was not other perfons good hap: A Court Mar-
ſhal was now eſtabliſhed at Cheſter, whither divers English Prifoners taken at
Newport and in the purfait had been brought; ten whereof were Comdemned by
Vertue of the Act againſt holding correlpondence with the King; and five Ex-
ecuted, among whom was one Captain Symkins, a Gentleman that carried the
Kings Letter of Invitation to Sir Thomas Middleton; and preſently after Sir Ti-
mothy Fetherstonbaugh, Colonel Benbow, and the Earl of Derby, were Tryed by
the fame Court-Marthal, wherein Colonel Mackworth (above mentioned ) fate
Prefident, and Major-General Mitton affifted, with other ftanding Officers. The
Earl would fain have been heard by the Members at Westminster,and writ up to the
General, and fent a Petition, offering the furrender of the Ifle of Man; but
nothing would move the inexorable Rhadamanths of the Parliament, though
he had fubjoyned an account of the defigne, at their own or their Agents detire:
whereupon, he held to his Plea for Quarter given him by Captain Edge; which
being
=
1651.
303
England, Scotland and Ireland,
o&ob. 15:
being over-ruled with the fame argument and folution as they made to the Lord
Capel, they avowing the Court to be a Civil Authority, as proceeding upon and
by direction of Authority of Parliament, he, as the other two Gentlemen after-
wards, was adjudged to dye; the Earl at Bolton, the 15 of October, Sir Ti- The Earl of
mothy at Chester by the Axe, and Colonel Benbow to be thot at Shrewsbury. Af- Derby Behead
ter Sentence the Earl made an eſcape out of the Window, being as 'tis fuppofed, ed at Bolton,
Trapann'd out of fome money in hope and proffer of an Eſcape; but was pre-
fently retaken upon the fands of the River Dee, and fecured and guarded till the
day of his Martyrdom at Bolton aforefaid, where to the publike grief and la-
mentation of the Inhabitants, who refufed to lend a Nail or Stick to the buil-
ding of the Scaffold (though the very pretence of his Execution there was
for the Blood (pile there by him on Prince Rupert's Storming the Town in
1644.) which was the reafon it was late ere he fuffered, and beyond his ap-
pointed time by three hours, piously fpent by him: He moft Christianly and
worthy of all Memory gave up his Soul to his Redeemer, being a little troubled
at his longer detainer in this Vale of mifery, by the Executioner's miſſing the
Signe.
>
Several other
Royalists taken!
And this fad occafion will direct us to a further account of thofe Engliſh
Royalifts who were taken in and after the fame defeat; among whom were,
befides others mentioned, the Lord Grandifon, Sir John Packington, Colonel
Blague the late Governour of Wallingford, Colonel Broughton after Sir Edward,
and Colonel Maſſey, who having eſcaped the fate of that day at Worceſter, and
being tired with Riding, having wounds yet green, threw himſelf at laſt upon
the Countess of Stamford, engaging his parole for his true Impriſonment in
her Houſe till he was cured; when he was removed likewife to the Tower, and
by a diſguiſe fhortly after made an eſcape. The often-to-be-with-Honour-men-
tioned Colonel Wogan came off and got away untouched, and recovered the
Highlands, with an indefiftible.courage of profecuting the Kings quarrel, even
where Nature had fixt her non ultras while James Hinde the famous High- James Hinde
way-man (fome time before in England) for Robbing of the Parliament-par- the fam'd High
ty, adventuring Southward, was betrayed in Fleet-treet at his lodging, and be-way-man takes
and Hang'd
ing from Newgate carried to the next Allizes of Abington and Worcester, was at drawn and
the last place, when none would come in to fwear against him, either to Felony quartered at
or Treafon in the late Invation ( as 'twas called) by the King, betrayed by Worcester.
a Minifter of their fending, whofe name I cannot get, and by his Evidence
Convicted, and Hanged, Drawn and Quartered in that City.
An Act for fale of Delinquents Lauds had paffed fome time before; now
their Truſtees with Boon Courage refolved to proceed, the danger of voiding
their Trufts and the Authority conferred on them being now paft,and fome more
Grift being like to come into their Mill by new Forfeitures; wherefore they
appointed the 8 day of September for their fitting down, in pursuance of thofe
powers granted by the faid Act of Sale, and chole Drury-boufe (the Manfion the Lord Cra-
The Eftates of
of the Lord Craven) for the place of their Sitting; where they made feveral ven and other
conveniencies for their Regiſters, Accountants, Cafhiers, and Clerks, like to any Royalists expo-
other legal Office, and there with other Eftates expoſed that Lord's to common fed to ſale.
fale.
-
?
The Members had appointed the ſecond of October for the Thankſgiving-
day for this Worcester-Victory; but becauſe they would have it Celebrated with
the greater folemnization by notice thereof throughout the three Kingdoms to-
gether, they adjourned it till the 24 of the fame Month; in the Evening where-
of, General Popham one of their Admirals at Sea, deceafed on the 19 of A-
guſt before, attended by Crommel and moſt of the Members, was Interred in
Westminster-Abbey. This day was without any more fcruple punctually obfer-
ved; the Presbyterians, who were in the beſt Livings generally, (and indeed
no body elfe fcarce in any) not offering to mutter against the Command of
theſe their (not-to-be-contended-with) Lords and Superiors.
The Scotch affairs were now the confultation of the Parliament: for having
reduced
General Pop-
ham's Funeral,
O&ob. 24:
5
1
1
1
304
named to go
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
reduced that Kingdom to neer a plenary Conqueft, no English Forces, or ſcarce
a fingle man having paffed fo far as their Army was now Quartered and in Gar-
rifon, the Civil Government was very fit to be confidered of, and how it ſhould
be managed. In the beginning of the raign of King James, much pains and
endeavours were ufed by Him, about the draught and accompliſhment of an
The Scotch - Union between both Kingdoms, which might be fo comprehenſive as to be
nioa projected. equally advantagious to both people; and the Lord Bacon writ an Elaborate
difcourfe and project of it; but all came to nothing, fo many Scotch proud
and furly difficulties were thereupon raiſed: but now one Weeks work finifhed
that mighty matter in a ſhort Vote and Reſolution, That England and Scotland
fhall be Incorporated into one Commonwealth; and Commiffioners were na-
Commiffioners med to go into that Kingdom, viz. Oliver Saint John, Sir Henry Vane, Alder-
Zato Scotland. man Titchburn, Major Salway, Major-General Tean, Colonel Fenwick, and
General Monke, before whole arrival (onely Major-General Lambert and Dean
were upor perambulation of the limits already gained, and receiving fubmif-
fions and granting terms) ſeveral of the Scotch Nobility (whoſe Arceſtors
thought the Engliſh Union a diminution of their Greatneſs, and diſdainfully
rejected all tendencies thereunto) came quietly in, having made a blufter of
doing fomething in the Highlands, fuch were the Marquels of Huntly (who
to be
be repaired of fome injuries done him by Arguile, though his neer Kinſman,
thought good to prevent him by a timely acquiefcence, upon pa& of having
right done him in the faid controverfie) the Lord Balcarris, the Earls of Weems,
Angus and Calendar: and Arguile himſelf was now in Treaty; but to fhew him-
felf more confiderable, held it on foot almoſt half a year, guarding his Caſtles
and County, and Levying Affeffments like a Prince upon the Country. The
late Marquefs of Montroẞ his Children and Family were honourably taken into
protection by General Monke.
Geit. Monke
protects the
Marg. of
Montrols his
•Family.
1
Nor were the Royal Party half fo averfe and intractable to the English Ufur·
"Children and pation (for they had (as they well hoped) fhaken off the infupportable Ty-
ranny of the Presbytery, and could hardly fuffer more by any power what-
foever, which might in time veer about unto its lawful Scepter ) as the Kirk-
men and that brood, who having loft their Arbitrary and moſt Tyrannical ſway
over the Confciences, Eftates, and Lives of men, raged at this Change, the ra-
ther for having fooled and bewitched themſelves into an opinion, that they
fhould be able by the Keys of the Kirk (which they doubted not to re-eſta-
bliſh in that Kingdom) to overfway the Sword of the Sectary, and to bring
him to conform, there being fuch a proximity in many of their Principles,
alligning to themſelves that time-ſerving Complement of Oliver's, The good peo-
ple of the Nation of Scotland, that were to be preferved in their Rights, Civil
and Spiritual's and accordingly the Grandees of the Weſtern Remonftrants
took upon them to indict an Affembly, and there they dained all which had
been done by the late Parliament and Affembly, and publiſhed a Faft, with the
grounds wherefore they were to humble themſelves (which being ridiculous
Crambs of mifcarriages about the King, are purpofely omitted) and pro-
ceeded afterwards to that boldnefs, as to expoftulate and refuſe in Print
the Tender of Union for ſeveral Reaſons, which we fhall hint in its proper
place.
t
Limerick be-
fieged by Dep
ty Ireton, for
the Parl.
"
4
F
In Ireland, while the Deputy Ireton lay before Limerick, which Siege had
continued moft part of the Summer, the Irish played pranks, offering at a
redemption of their loffes; but were too far fpent: for though Colonel Vena-
bles, Hewfon, and Reynolds were out in parties to attend their motion, Sir Wal-
ter Dungan Stormed Roß-Town, and Castle-Jordan, and had carried the Caftle
of Roß, but for want of Provifion, which made him in haft to retreat into his
Faftneffes, where the Marquefs Clanrickard kept about Slego and the County of
Cavan, they ſurprized likewife three Troops of Colonel Sanchy's Regiment,
and the notable Quarter-beater Naſh killed Colonel Cook coming with a party
from Cork; but was flain in the onslaught, though his party were victorious.
The
1
1651.
305
England, Scotland and Ireland,
The befieged likewife in Limerick made many fierce Salleys, refuting to hear-
ken to any Conditious, being governed by that right valliant Hugh O Neal, Hugh O Neal
who defended Clonmel ſo reſolutely, and refolved to hold this out to extremity, Gover sour
In one Salley of 1000 men they killed above 3co, hve whereof were Caprains, fore.
two of them in Colonel Henry Cromwel's Regiments and upon the Engliſh
attempt made upon the Iiland before the Town, which was encompaffed with
a Line, and a Fort in the middle of it, by reafon the Boats not being able
to carry above forty men, and being but three Boats in all, could not return
with feconds to make good the Landing and footing that was made in time)
the whole party confifting of 160, was partly cut off and drowned with their
Leaders, Major Walker, Captain Graves, and Captain Whiting, in the view of
the Leaguer, but out of their power to relieve them. This happened on the
15 of July, and being fo fignal a defeat, was imputed by Ireton (who preten- Ireton defeated
ded too great acquaintance with Gods Counfels) to breach of Articles, (as to before Lime-
Quarter promifed to the Irifh, who delivered a Caftle neer adjoyning) by Co-
lonel Tuthil, who after caufed the men to be knockt on the head, and for which
he was worthily by Ireton cafhiered the Army.
!..
7
rick.
Ireton was nevertheless refolute not to depart without it, though the Gover-
nour, in hopes that Winter would force him to draw off, or elfe fome happy ren-
counter might relieve him, was às obftinate on the other fide; but at latt the
Victuals being all ſpent, about the middle of October he was forced to embrace
a Treaty, hoping for thofe Articles which Ireton had offered the Town three
mouths before; but they would not be granted, fo that in conclufion himfelf
and 21 more were conftrained to yield to mercy; of whom the chief were, M. Limerick fur-
vendred, o&o-
G. Patrick Purcel, who loft the Leaguer at Dublin by his Treachery or Cow-
ber 29.
ardife, David Roch the Lord Roch's Son, Sir Richard Everard, and the Mayor
of the Town, and an Alderman, through whofe refolution the Citizens were
encouraged to hold out; the reſt were Fryers, and perfons guilty of the Maſſa-
cres in the first years of the Rebellion, whom divine Vengeance found out here,
(and a general Article of that nature was inferted upon all furrenders thereafter)
and delivered them on the 29 of October upon fome hard teams for the Citizens
and Souldiers. About the fame time Sir Charles Coot defeated a party of Fitz Sir Charles
Patrick's and Odwyr's Forces, ( who had re-gained Meleck Iſland, after the ta- Coot defeats a
king of it by Colonel Axtel after a refolute defence thereof, to the quite baf-Party of Irish.
fling of his Foot, who were wortted two or three times together; but the gal-
lantry of the Horse recovered the day, and made 300 defperate Irish accept of
Quarter onely for their Lives, fome 300 more being flain and drowned.
Limerick being taken, Ireton marched to joyn with Sir Charles Coot to at-
tempt fomething further, and together took in Clare Caftle; but the weather
not proving fo feaſonable, and the Souldiers tired out with duty at the Siege of Clare-Catle
Limerick, they parted into Winter-Quarters, Coot to ftraighten Galloway, neer taken by the
English.
which he had built fome Forts; fhips of War lying about the Harbour to inter-
cept Relief, (and a Summons having been fent in to G. Preston, by way of
Catechizing that vanity of a Souldiers Honour, with a Letter to the Citizens
from Ireton, offering Limerick's firft Terms, and laying open their fuffering from
their ſtubbornness, on purpoſe, as Preston elegantly answered, to divide them to
their common Ruine) and Ireton back again to Limerick, in the way whither
he fell fick on the 15 of November, and atter Purging and Bleeding, and other
means uſed, died of the Plague in that City, on the 27 of the fame month; the Ireton dies of
Commiſſioners for the Parlament there fubftituting to his Command in the the Plague at
Limerick,
Army (while the Parliament or General (for Cromwel was lately fo made of
Nov. 25.
Ireland) fhould otherwiſe appoint) Edmund Ludlow the Lieutenant-General Edmund Lud-
of the Army in that Kingdom. On the 17 of December his Carcafs was lan- low conftituted
ded at Briſtol, and pompously difmift to London, where it was for a time in State in his place.
Ireton lies in
át Sommerfet-houſe, all hung with black, and a Scutcheon over the gate with
flate at Sum-
this Motto, Dulce eft pro patria mori; how fuitable, that Countryman beft told, merlet-bouje.
who Engliſhed it in theſe words, It is good for his Country that he is dead. On
SC
Febru-
;
306
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
February 6 following he was Interred in H. 7's Chappel; but hath fince found,
His Character. to ſay no more, a more fitting and deferved Sepulture. A man of great parts
and abilities; but natured to miſchief, and the evil of thofe times he was born
to make worſe, and moft prodigioufly Infamous: no man came fuited with fo
great capacity to the overthrow of the Government, reckoning his impiety, or
rather vizarded piety, into his indowments.
The Council of State was now, November the 24, the one half of it changed,
according to the annual cuftome, in which month all that remained of the Eng-
Jerſey furren- liſh Dominions unreduced was attaqued, namely Jerſey-Ifland, where Colonel
dred, Nov. and James Heyns, who Commanded in chief, landed his men up to the Neck in
Dec. to the
the Sea, and bravely withſtood a gallant charge of the Iſland-horſe, and
Parliament.
got firm
footing thereon, and forthwith fell a Summoning the Caftles: Mount Orgueil,
Mount Orgueil
and Elizabeth wherein was Sir Philip Carteret, yielding prefently upon good Conditions,
Castle Jurven which that civil Commander ever ufed to offer; but it was the 18 of December
dred. before Elizabeth-Caftle, one of the most impregnant places in the World, came to
a furrender, upon very honourable and advantageous terms, as the importance
of the place deſerved; (Sir George Carteret having order from the King to make
what terms he could for himself:) there were fome Morter-pieces firit played,
one of which lighting and burſting in the Chappel of the Caftle, killed fome
20 men, and tore the ftones into fhivers, and made him the willinger to Treat.
Sir George having clearly indemnified himſelf and the Iſlanders, and fome way,
bettered his condition, departed into France; and General Blake came home by
Guernſey-Caſtle, which having faced, not willing to attempt or ſtay before it, he
left order to buy it; which was now about this time effected, as we have ante-
related it, (in the account of its ftorming by Major Harrifen, the Commander
in chief of that Ifland, and fince at Jersey) for fear fo little a fpot of ground
fhould have mift our obſervation.
Iſle of Man re-
duced, Dec.
Geo: Ayſcue,
Jan.
The Iile of Man was alſo at the ſame time reduced by Colone! Duckenfield,
without any confiderable oppofition: Ruhen and Peel-Caftle ftood out a while;
but upon the news of the Death of the Earl, whom Duckenfield in his Letters
(not thinking a Summons befitting him to a woman) had ftiled the late Earl
of Derby, grief overcame their courage; and it being refolved before to deliver
it, as the Earl had proffered: that former refolution dafht any other, fo that
though Sir Thomas Armstrong who was come thither out of Ireland, a famous
Souldier, offered to have maintained Rushen-Caſtle, where the Lady was; yet
upon very flender terms it was rendred: Into fuch diftractions do the continued
ftrokes of perfecuting Fortune drive the moft refolute mindes, that the moſt
conſtant magnanimity (for which this Countess was highly famous, as at La-
tham-houſe) is at laft depreffed, and forced to fubmit to her arbitrary and un-
controlable Tyranny.
The Ifle of Barbadoes, where the King had been Proclaimed, and was now in
open defiance of the Parliament, and profecuted their Trade onely with the
Hollanders, was the next and onely place to be reduced, with fome other of the
Caribbe-Iflands there adjacent. About the 16 of Octob. Sir George Ayfcue having
coafted ſeveral places about Spain and Portugal, to finde out Prince Rupert, ar-
Barbadoes ye rived at Barbadoes, in Carlisle-bay, where he found fourteen fail of Hollan-
duced by Sir
ders in the Road; and to prevent their running on fhore, fent in the Amity Fri-
gat commanded by Captain Peck, with three other fhips, to feize them, who
preſently Commanded the refpective Mafters aboard, and fo gained the Vef-
fels, and kept them as prize, for Trading with the Enemies of the Comon-
wealth in that Ifland, with three other Hollanders, as they were failing to the
other Iſlands. The Fleet having plied up and down in the fight of the Mlanders,
who were now in Arms to the number of 4000 Horfe and Foot, came to an-
chor at Spikes-bay: and the Virginia-Merchant-Fleet arriving in December, Sir
George adviſed it very advantageous for the Service, by the countenance of thofe
fhips which feemed as his referve of Men of War, to attempt a landing; which
accordingly was done by a Regiment of 700 men, made up with 150 Scotch
flaves
1
1651.
307
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Slaves, the reft being Seamen. This was effected on the 17 of December, and
the Iſlanders beaten up to their Fort, which on a fudden was by them deferted,
after the loss of fome 60 men on both fides, and the fame Fort, and four pieces
of Ordnance gained by them; and then the Seamen retreated again to the ſhips,
which lay crufing up and down continually to intercept any Trade or Traffick
coming thither. That inconvenience made fome of the Iflanders weary of the
War: which Sir George very well underſtanding, negotiated with one Colonel
Muddyford, a chief man in one part of the Ifland, about a peace and accommo-
dation; and the conclufion of that tranfaction was Muddyford's publike declaring
for Peace, and joyning with Sir G. Ayfcue, to bring the Governour the Lord Wil- Lord Wil.
loughby to reafon, as it was called. Sir George and his Forces made up 2000 Foot, loughby Go-
and 100 Horfe, fo that to avoid the uncertainty of battel, and the Effufion of vernour thereof.
blood, both parties agreed to treat, and the 11 of Jan. agreed upon the Ren-
dition on Articles every day comprehenfive and honourable. Commiffioners
names for Sir George were, Captain Peck, Mr. Searl left Governour there, Colo-
nel Muddyford, and Mr. Colletons and for the Lord Willoughby, Sir Richard Peers,
Mr. Charles Pym, Colonel Ellice, and Major Byham: his Lordſhip having his de-
fired Conditions of Indemnity, and freedom of Eftate and perfon, not long after
returned into England,as did Sir George, having viſited Mevis and St. Christophers. St. Chrifto-
Before his coming, Major-General Poyntz newly Governour thereof had fhipt phers the (ame:
himſelf for Virginia, the onely retreat for Royalifts, as lying fo far up in the
Continent, and affording fubfiftence of it felf. Thus nothing remained of all
the Britiſh Dominions, either of profit, honour, or fecurity to the Nation, which
their Handmaid Succefs had not attained to; and that in as ſhort a ſpace of time,
as the moſt indulgent Fates ever apportioned to their greateſt and whiteft Favou-
rites; whoſe Glories of Conqueft they increaſed, by ſparing and leſſening their
fweat and travail in the Atchievement.
In Scotland, the Major-Generals, Lambert, Dean, and Lieutenant-General
Monke, had brought things to that paſs, that the people were rated by Affeffments
towards the charge of the Army: and this the Kirk in their new Affembly (fince
it could not be otherwife) would permit to be paid; but exprefly forbad the
people to comply, or give meeting, or caufe any to be had, in order to the cloſing
with the Declaration of the Commiffioners, who were to receive from the Depu-
ties of each Shire (who were ordered to chuſe ſuch ) their Subſcriptions to the
projected Union, now directly remonftrated againft, befides other arguments,
yea and from the Covenant, from this main one, because that incorporation would The ScotchKirk
reject, and de-
draw with it a fubordination of the Kirk to the State in the things of Christ : for
clare against
here the Shoo painfully wrung them. This was dated Jan. the 21.
the union.
The Parliament to correct this perverfnefs, and in purſuance of their Com-
miflioners Declaration to the fame purpoſe, Decreed, 1. An A&t for the
Union, Abolishing Kingly Goverment, &c. and for punishing fuck as should con-
travene or offend againſt the meaning and purpoſe of the faid Act. 2. That in
Complyance with the faid Union, the Shires or Burghs ſhould Chuſe their De-
puties or Burgeſſes in a proportionable number as the Parliament ſhould think fit to
repreſent them in Parliament, and this was filed a great favour, and a freeing
the Nation from the villanage of their Heritors, Lairds and Lords, moſt of whofe
Eſtates (that were in the two late Invafions with Hamilton and at Worceſter) they
had declared Confifcate, together with all the Crown-lands and Houſes, to the
ufe of the Commonwealth of England, towards the defraying of the charge of
this their labour of Love, in the reducing of that Kingdom. The Bishops lands
could not be found,for the Kirk had mingled and mixt them with their own fa-
cred rights and perquifites,fo that the molt quick-fighted facriledge could hardly
difcern them.
By theſe Summons the Deputies of the Shires of this fide and the other fide
Tay, were ordered (the moft remote) to appear on the 26 of February, and in
the mean time, about the black 30 of January, the Commiffioners proceeded with
their inftructions, and iffued out feveral Proclamations againſt the King's, and
Monarchical Government, and that Writs fhould no longer run in His Name,
Sf2
and
308
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
}
>
farrend red,
Monarchy abe- and Mutatis mutandis in Scotland as in England; His Arms defaced, and for
lished in Scot-
an English Judicature to be there eſtabliſhed, and to keep the Seffions, which
land, Jan.
was the Term. Thus far the Political and Civil Government was provided for
already; nor was there any thing of Note among the Martialifts, fave the ta-
king in Dumbarton-Caftle, which was rendred by Sir Charles Erskin upon Arti-
cles, January the 5, with a Salvo to the Duke of Lenox and Richmond of his
Goods and Great Guns therein, as being the proper Goods of the faid Duke.
This furrender opened a way to the fame terms with Beẞ-liland (the moſt dan-
gerous place in the Frith to the English Navigation) fome time after. Some
Forces under Colonel Overton landed in the Iiles of Orkney, and Colonel Fitch's
Regiment marched towards Innerneß.
Dumbarton
Jan. 5, by Sir
Charles Erf-
kin, to the
Parliament.
Fishing mo-
lefted at Sea.
The Dutch had rankled with ſpleen at the fucceffes of this State, as no way
compatible with, but furmounting thofe indifferent equal Fropofals and Over-
tures made before the accomplishment thereof: and porcoving how regardleſs
and cool the Parliament was now as to any further tranfaction of a League,
The Dutch Com- but that on the contrary their Fishing was moleſted in thefe Seas up on the oid
merce, and
Title of Soveraignty, and that upon any the leaft pretences of French Goods
and Lading, their Merchant-fhips were tearched, ttayed, and fometimes adjudg-
ed Prize, thought it adviſable to ſend over Einballadors, as well to obtain
reparation for thoſe damages, as to provide for future fecurity againſt the like,
by a Treaty and in cafe they perceived the averfneſs or untowardness of the
State thereto, to fully inform themſelves what Naval preparation there was in
hand, and in what readineſs, and how the Nation flood affected to or would
yet endure the Government; as by a Copy of their Inftructions fince appea-
xed.
The Embaſſadors, Myn heeren Catz, Schaep, and Vande Perre of Zealand
(as of cuſtome and right one of that Province must be in the Embaſſie hither)
were ordered to be gone with all fpeed, upon the notice of the Act for the en-
couragement of the English-Navigation, &c. But the Wind blowing at South-
weft from the very day of the date of the faid Act, neither they nor other fhips
bound thence from England with East and West-India Commodities, Spice and
fuch-like, could ftir out of their Ports, to the great exasperation of that people;
The I of Dec. who when they fee the day elapfed, being the firft of December, and had notice
the time limited that the Parliament would not allow a day longer (even to the Engliſh them-
by the A.. fto- felves upon any account whatſoever, though to the breaking of feveral Mer-
chants, whofe Eltates were coming over in fuch Goods thence) procured the
Lords to make an Arreft and Imbargo upon all English fhips then in the Texel;
but which the States were willing foon after to recal, and make fhew of good
Correspondence and Friendship, as in this and other occafions they yet tefti-
macked by the
Distch.
fied.
The Embaſſadors with the firft opportunity (the rather to prevent Monfieur
Speering, then at the Hague, and Commiffioned by the Queen of Sweden for her
Embalador into England, as unwilling to be the laft fhould own this Common-
wealth) put to Sea, and arrived here about the niiddle of January; and for
the greater credit of the fincerity of their intentions to Peace and Amity, they
brought over their Families, by which it might appear they intended to ftay till
that great affair was finished by them; being alfo men for their particular per-
The Dutch Em- fons, very acceptable to the State here. Soon after their Reception they had
baffadors treat Audience in the Parliament-houfe, and a Committee appointed to confer with
January.
them, by whom they were at the entrance of their bufinefs choaked with our
claim to and their dues for the Herring-fishing, with the old ftory of bloody
Amboyna, and a demand of a Free-trade in the Schelde from Middleburgh to
Antwerpe, where the Engliſh had a good Trade once within 100 years, then
the moſt famous Mart of the Low-countries, yea of Europe; but by the Hollan-
ders feizing of Fluſhing, and building the Fort Lillo opon that River in their
Wars against the Spaniard, the Merchants and Inhabitants, difaffected other-
wife to the King of Spain, in the beginning of that War betook themfelves to
Amjter-
1
1651.
209
England, Scotland and Ireland.
#
:
Amfterdam, which by the fudden breaking in of the Sea, and breaking down of
Danis, became a moſt convenient and capacious Harbour, and confequently a
great Mart, as lying moft opportune for the Trade of the Eaft, and North-
Eaft Seas.
Monfieur Speering arrived here likewife, and was well received a fhort while
after, and laid a foundation of that Treaty, which was afterwards concluded by
the Lord Whitlock with that Queen: but he deceafing here, foon after Mon-
fieur Appleboom, Relident alfo at the Hague, was fubftituted to his Embaffie in
like manner.
The 24 of February came out their Act of Oblivion, whereout The Parliament
Sir John Webster of Amfterdam was totally excluded, together with the Execu- publish an Act
tors of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury, the flayers of Doriſlaus and Afcham, the of Oblivion.
Viſcount Mansfield, and Lord Goring, and General George Lord Goring, and
Charles his Sons which particulars out of a multitude of publike exceptions
(as It. Martin difcanted on it) I thought fit to give the Reader a hint of, that
fach a precious Record of their abſolute greatneſs (as the taking upon them to
pardon, when they needed it onely themſelves,) might not totally be loft:
the Preface and Induction to it being a fallacy, a nen conceſſo, that becauſe the
generality of the Nation had fhewed themſelves ready to fupprefs the late
Scotch Invafion at Worcester; therefore the Parliament out of meer grace, &Co
but all this tavour to be of no benefit to any one without taking the Engage-
ment. Their Committee for Regulation of the Law had likewife proceeded fo
far, as to take an account of all Courts and Offices concerning their Fees, and
to fee they did Execution of Juftice; for corruption wherein, John Lilburn and
Jofiah Primate having taxed their Commiffioners at Haberdaſhers hall (about
a Cole-pit trimate pretended to, but Sir Arthur Haflerig had poffeffion of, by
vertue of one Colone Wray's Delinquency) the faid Lilburn was banished on John Lilburn
the 30 day of January, and Primate fined 4000l. to the faid Commiffioners Barihed.
and Sir Arthur, and committed to the Fleet; but upon fubmiffion Releaſed. Jofiah Pri-
In Ireland the war was almoft at an end, nothing confiderable but Galloway 4000 l.
and tower.w. Cattles holding out,and fome looſe parties forraging the Country;
whereupon the Lord Clanrickard then in Galloway, about the beginning of
March int a Letter to Lieutenant-General Ludlow, to defire of him, that in or- Lord Clanric
der to a compofure and conclufion of that bloody wafting War in that King- kard fues to
dom, he or the Commiffioners would give fafe-conduct for the chief perfons
of the rich, out of every County, to meet and to agree of terms about a Peace;
not doubting, as he expreffed, if it fhould be refuſed, but that they were able
to maintain themfelves, till fupplies from abroad, and courage at home, and
their wants and difcouragements from England, fhould alter the cafe.
mare fined
Lien.Gen. Lud-
low for a peace.
To this was answered by Ludlow, That the Commiffioners could not, nor His Anſwers
would allow fuch a thing as a Council of the Iriſh to ſettle the Kingdom; but
that if they would fubmit, they ſhould have fuch Articles and Conditions as
was fit for them. For that the Parliament, whofe that Kingdom was, would
have the ordering and Government of it; and that it was not for thoſe in Arms
against their Authority, to think of fuch an abfurd condefcention.
This Anfwer being returned to two or three offers of furrender, took not
effects yet prevailed on feveral parties, as the Lord Muskerry's, Fitz, Patrick's,and
the Odwyr's, to come in and fubmit, with liberty of transporting their Forces in-
to the fervice of the King of Spain, or to abide at home under fuch and fuch
fines; but none to be indempnined by any Articles, that ſhould be found guil-
ty of any Maffacre in the firft year of the Rebellion. Galloway had before of
fered to capitulate; but becauſe the Articles were fomewhat of the largeſt de-
mand, they were firſt tranfmitted to the Parliament; for there was no plenipo-
tence then in Ireland; Lambert was nominated, but by Cromwel mockt of the
honour of Lord-Deputy a perfon too brisk (and underſtanding, and feeking his
Intereft too much) for that employment, it being referved for Fleetwood after
his Marriage with Oliver's Daughter, and Ireton's Relict.
The English had now a meeting with the Marquefs of Arguile, after many
delays
310
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
Arguile treats delays and put offs, and fine excufes for them, about the 20 of March at Dum-
with Commis- barton-Caftle, whither within an hour after the arrival of the Parliaments-Com-
fioners, at
Dumbarton.
Blackneſs-ca-
file ordered to
be blown up.
Mofs-Troo-
pers bufie and
mifchievous.
Sever al places
in Ireland £4-
V
millioners (Major-General Dean, and Major Saloway for Dean was not
thought Mercurial enough of himſelf, to word it with the Scot) he came at-
tended by fome 30 perfons, having ordered before the most of his Name and
Septs of Highland-Gentry to wait on him. He infifted much upon the Salvo
Jure of the Kirk, who had fafted and prayed for a bleſſing on this meeting, the
Marquefs being the Patron and principal detender of their mouldering Pref-
bytery. Attes wo or three days conference, the Sophie's parted, having enter-
tained their time with fen Godly defcants upon providence, the Parliaments
moft Supreme Authority, and his Highland mightiness. Blackneß-Cattle was
now ordered to be blown up with Powder by Dean, who paffed by Newark-
houſe, (Garriſoned as was faid laft Summer by the Engliſh, but retaken
foon after by Colonel Maffey in his march upon the Lancaſhire deligne) to Ayre,
where the platform of a Citadel was now laid, as being molt convenient for the
Trade either of France or Ireland, lying the moſt Weitward part of Scotland to
the Highlands. Several mifchiefs were about this time done by the Moff-Troo-
pers about the Borders.
A confiderable party of Horfe and Foot under Commiffary-General Reynolds,
were fent to Athlone, which lies in the center of Ireland, where he in this month
of March reduced Bally League, and two other Garriſons in the Collough, and
ken by the Eng- thereby gained a very confiderable Pafs over the Shannon, and firm hold and
lish. footing in the County of Longford, fo that in all with Logb-rea, Portumna, Bal-
linafton, Melecha, Ragera, &c. thirty feveral places were taken: Galloway was
now likewiſe upon Treaty of a furrender, and had fent out their Propofitions,
in the framing whereof ſome difputes and difference arote betwixt the Souldiers
and Citizens; but by the wiſdome and menage of the Marquefs Clanrickard were
again accommodated. That which made this willingneſs of yielding, was the
feveral loffes of Veffels with Corn and Provifion intercepted by fome thips of
the Parliament, who watched that Harbour; and Lorrain was defpaired of, be-
ing now engaged upon a march into France. Thofe Articles being thought too
high by L. G. Ludlow then Commander in chief in Ireland, were by him and
the Commiffioners tranfmitted to England.
An Alt for re-
moving obftra-
Etions in the
fale of Crown-
lands
The year ends with an Act for removing obftructions in the fale of the King,
Queens Lands, &c. the Commiffioners being, Sir William Roberts, Francis Muf
fenden, and others, who made quick work of the Royal Revenue.
Black-monday
March 29,
predicted by
Will. Lilly.
Anno Dom. 1652.
His Year began with a moft dreadful expectation of an approaching Eclipfe
Test
on the 29 of March, the effects whereofone William Lilly (a man infamous
for Prognofticks and Divinations against the King, His Caufe, and His Party)
and others of that Aftrological Tribe had predicted ſhould be fudden and niott
pernicious; and during the time thereof, it fhould be fo dark, that men fhould
hardly be able to Read or Write without a Candle; the day it happened on be-
ing therefore called by them Black-munday: But Lilly fo fhot beyond the mark,
( it proving not half ſo gloomy and terrible, though moft people were fo foo-
liſhly fearful, as to take Antidotes and keep clofe for fear of fome maligne In-
Aluences and Vapours) that his credit of Vaticination was utterly loft, and re-
garded no more for the future than one of his old worthlefs Almanacks. I mer-
tion this the rather, becauſe this mans wilde prefages were the Oracles of the
Vulgar; for on his fatidical Lips they depended, which never failed of pronoun-
cing fucceffes to thofe Worthies of Westminster, whoſe Balaam he might have
been faid to have been, being hired by them to detract from the King.
The
i
1651.
311
England, Scotland and Ireland,
I
The Parliament having the Dutch bufinefs mainly in their Eye, it was necef-
fary that a full and plenary deliberation and refolution ſhould be uſed in that
affair; and therefore they ordered the vacating of ſeveral Committees, that the
Houle might be better attended, and the Publike firft ferved: the powers of
the Committees for the Univerfity and Indemnity (which it had been happy
for the Royalifts had never been in Nature) were now recalled; the one was
utterly extinct, the other revived foon after, in that of-it-felf-enough injurious
Judicature at Haberdaſhers-hall, the Commiffioners thereof being Authorized to
proceed in this.
The King was yet at Paris during the Commotions and Broils between the The King at
French King and the Frinces of the Blood, more eſpecially the two Princes of Paris, April.
Conde and Conti; for the Duke of Orleans, the Kings Uncle, was rather an abet-
tor than a principal in the Quarrel, which aroſe from Cardinal Mazarine's pre-
valency and Authority at Court. Paris was then troubled with the fame Mea-
grome that whirl'd the City of London into thoſe tumultuous Uproars in 1641.
and as mad againſt the Errours of Government and evil Counſellors; and had
the like, nay, greater advantages and countenance of a Nobility and the Blood
Royal, though that King was not then to ſeek for Arms, Money, or his Caſtles,
but with a well-farnifht Army was able to chaſtiſe theſe undutiful demeanors of
His Subjects. The Spaniard (whofe Intereft it was to keep thefe diffentions
on foot) foreſeeing the weakness of the Princes Forces, offered them his affi-
ftance (having almoſt maſtered Barcelona the Capital City in Catalonia held
by the French, and Graveling in Flanders juft upon the furrender and Dunkirk de-
figned alfo to the fame Conqueft) and preſently fent in the Duke of Lorrain with
all his Forces into France, while in the interim Marſhal De Turenne the Kings
General had defeated the Duke De Nemours with the Princes Army at E-
ftampes.
But theſe Auxiliaries ſeemed ſo to turn the ballance of that Victory, that the
King our Soveraign, who had from his firſt arrival laboured in the intrigue of
that difference, perſwading the French King to fome condefcentions of Peace,
and had paffed perfonally betwixt both parties, advifing that King, from the un-
happy Iffues of the War in England, which had fo fatally evened to Himſelf,
not to refuſe an Accommodation; and accounting to the Princes the Kings
ftrength and power, and probability of reducing them, though to little effect:
Now to fave the further effufion of Blood, and to prevent that Ruine which he
ſaw ſo neer at hand, wherein He was fo much concerned (by the obftinacy of
the Princes party, who would not yield to any thing without the Cardinals re-
moval, which the King and Queen-mother would no way grant at the Com-
mand of their Subjects) He betook himſelf to the Duke of Lorrain then at
Dampmartin, where he was received with all poffible demonftrations of Honour,
by that Army drawn up in Battalia, the Irish Officers of three Regiments of that
Nation being admitted to kifs his Hand.
York Renowa-
In this encounter at Eftampes, the Duke of York (then on the Kings fide)
did ſo nobly and liantly behave himſelf, that the Marfhal de Turenne his Ge- The Duke of
neral, gave a very obliging Character of him in his Letters, as the onely me- ed for this S:7-
riting perfon in that Service, which procured him eſpecial regard and Honour vice.
from that Court, and all the Grandees of that Nation, which they abundantly
teftified on all occafions. In the interim of that Action, the King, His Brother,
after fome Conference with the Duke of Lorrain, had engaged him to a kind
of Neutrality, which he declared and made evident ;juft as the two Armies of the
King and Princes were facing one another, to the difappointment of a refolu-
tion and deſperate Engagement on the Princes fide, who were compell'd to re-
treat to Paris, and refume thoſe thoughts of Peace, which from their Conti-
dence in Lorrain they had totally abandoned. The frantick Parifians were fo in-
cenſed at this peaceful conclufion, that they publikely taxed the King and His
Mothers menage thereof with that Duke; fo that till the advantages thereof
fhould reclaim their miſtake, the King withdrew himfelf for fome time to St.
Germàins,
15
312
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The King at
St. Germains
with the Marq•
of Ormond
and E. of Ca-
flehaven.
Germains, whence upon the concluſion of the whole affair he returned moſt in-
finitely welcome to thofe fo Jately-paffionate and inconfiderate people. Whither
a while before, the Marchioncfs or Ormond, having tt Ireland, came to meet
the Marquefs her Husband, and was tollowed by the Earl of Castlehaven.
We mult back again return to that Kingdom, now quite fp.nt with the con-
tinued Calamities of a lucklets War, which after feveral Surrenders and Capitu
lations, was managed there by flying parties, and fudden Excurfions and Re-
Several parties treats, the fum of which was in brief thus: On the third of April, Rofcommon-
of the Irish
Caftle was yielded (as likewife James Town) to Commiffary-General Rey-
ames-Town)
Jubmit.
nolds, by Major Dalys and Colonel Connor Teige O. Roe fubmitted at the fame
time upon Articles; foon after the Earl of Westmeath, and Sir William Tungan,
Sir Francis Talbot, and many others, to the number of 800, after a Treaty at
Kilkenny did the lame, and the Lord Muskerry was fending the fame way, but
thought his paft Actions and his Condition more confiderable, than to be hud-
led up in common and ordinary Terms. Ouely the Lord-Marquefs Clanric-
kard, according to the Tenour of his paft promife upon his firft undertaking the
Service, and after the fole Command of the Army, refolvedly and Loyally wai-
ved the proffer of thofe Kilkenny-Articles (which were now tendered as their
standing Rule to all the Irish, namely, upon fubmiffion, protection; and thofe
who ever they were that fhould be found guilty of the Maffacres in the firft Re-
bellion, to be questionable for it, and to be excluded from any benefit of Condi-
tions) and profecuted the War afresh. On the 16 of May, with the Connaught-
Forces he marched to Balliſhannon, having drawn with him fome Ordnance
Lord Clanric- from Slego, and after two days Battery made a breach and Stormed it, and af-
kard tabes ter two repulfes carried it by main force, and gave fuch Quarter as his Party on
Ballifhannon, the like occafion ufed to receive; next he took Dungal-Caftle, and there the
and Dungal-
Caftle.
Ulster-Forces under Sir Phelim O'Neal, the O. Relies and Mac Mabon's joyned
with him but upon notice of Sir Charles Coot's advancing thither after him,and
of Venable's Brigades to affift him, he departed to Armagh, intending for Ra-
phoe; and in the mean time Lieutenant-General Ludlow marched towards Roß
in Kerry, to attaque that ftrength of the Lord Muskerries: and Lieutenant-Colo-
nel Throckmorton May the 6 defeated a party of 500 Foot and 400 Horfe neer
Wexford, under Commiffary-General Duncan, at the fame time in Treaty with
Ludlow, who now likewife had reduced the Lord Muskerry to a neceffity of ſuch
Terms (a party of his Forces being defeated by the Lord Broghil, 300 killed,
and Colonel Supple and other Officers taken Prifoners) as he bogled at first,
his ftrong Hold of Roß having yielded on the 27 of June, and his Field-forces
laying down their Arms upon Articles for Traníportation, July 5. And Colonel
Grace had a brush from Colonel Henry Ingoldsby, and another part of that Army
of the Vltoghs under Mac Reli defeated in Cavan by Sir Theophilus Jones on
June the 14. Thefe Loffes and Defeats, together with the rendition of Gallo-
way on the 12 day of May, and Proclamation of the Commiffioners for Out-
lawing the County of Wicklow and parts adjacent to it, ( out of which thoſe
falleys of Tories were frequently made, and not purfuable therein by reafon of
the Faftneffes and Bogs) it being the Store-houſe and Magane of Victual for
the Iriſh, and now miferably haraffed with Fire and Sword without mercy by
the Engliſh (the rather for the death of Colonel Cook, flain by Nash and his
party of Irish, though Naſh died alſo upon the fame ſpot fome while before)
made Ireland a Scene of blood and mifery, and the ftubborn Natives, and the
refolute Loyal English-Irish, a mournful confideration to their Friends, and a
wanting laborious defence to themſelves; nothing being to be afforded further
upon the moſt confiderable Surrender, than common protection and Indem-
nity from the Parliament. Ballishannon was again retaken upon quarter for
Life; and Slego Rendred to Sir Charles Coot; Colonel Grace got over the Sha
non from Colonel Ingoldsby, having loft 2 Colonels, 7 Captains, and 800 Soul-
diers killed and taken, June 20.
Lord Musker-
ry yields.
Galloway Jur-
rendered.
Irelands Ru-
ines, Submif-
fions, and fur
renders.
Balliſhannon
retaken, and
Slego Jurren-
dired to the
Parliament.
In May the Commiffioners of the Parliament for the fettlement of the Nation
of
1652.
313
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
<
Scotland.
of Scotland, having had conference with the Deputies of fome Shires, who The affairs of
accepted the Union, and refuſed to Treat with others, that came not with a
Plenipotence for their acquiefcing therein, and engagement to it, and the Au-
thority of the Parliament, and to the fuller effect thereof, had cauſed Proclama-
tion to be made, that fuch Deputies as ſhould acknowledge and accept the ſaid
Union, ſhould proceed to the Election of 14 Deputies of Shires, and 7 for the
Burghs, by Auguſt, to attend the Parliament at London, in the behalf of the whole
Kingdom; departed out of Scotland for London to make report of their tranf
action, which had hitherto met with very obftinate averſeneſs to the Parlia-
ments tender of Incorporation; the provincial Affemblies of the Kirk every where
declaring again't it, & forbidding the people to accept or embrace any fuch moti-
on.Nor did the new English Judges finde better welcome than the Commiffioners,
though three of them were noted men of the Scotch Nation, the chief of whom
was the Lord Swinton and Colonel Lockhart; and though at their opening of
the Seffion or Term, they declared the Parliaments refolution of not altering
any thing from their Laws, fave the Stile and Form of proceedings in the Kings
Name; nor would lay afide their Church-Government if peaceable, nor fuffer
long ſuch as were Ignorant and Scandalous perfons to preach, or Exerciſe in pub-
like, the great Eye-fore to that Kirk-governed people. At first the Officers
of the feveral Courts refufed to give their Attendance, and abfented them-
felves; but feeing their places would be without demur difpofed of, they as fud-
denly complied.
As to Martial Affairs, Dunetter-Caftle after the Cannon had played two days Dumotter-C4
against it, was rendred to Colonel Morgan, with ſeveral Regalia and Goods be- file yielded,
longing to the Crown (though that and the Chair of State and Scepter, fup- May 28.
pofed to be there, could not be found) and the Earl Marſhal, on the 28 of May:
the Garriſon having yielded upon Souldier-like Honourable Articles: Colonel
Fitch's Regiment was fent to Innerne, where a little Frigat of four Guns, built
fix mile up Land, was brought down by the ftrength of Men to the Logh where-
in the Highlanders paffed to and fro, to fecure and provide for the Garrison, and
hinder the entercourfe of the Scots. ACitadel was likewife now defigned here,and Citadels bailt
another at Ayre, by Major-General Dean, confifting of fix Bulworks, which be、 in Scotland. -
ing to be raiſed upon Sand, it was ordered that within and without it ſhould be
lined with Lime, and theſe two Fortifications, with two more, one at Leith, and
another at St. Johnstons, being all built with Free-ftone, became the moſt artful
and impregnable places, and a Bridle to any Scotch Infurrection or National de-
figne of Liberty. Some Companies of Colonel Overton's were likewife fhipped
for the Orkney and Shetland-Islands, the moft Northern parts and point of Scot-
land, who forfooth had readily embraced the Engliſh Union, to no other purpoſe
I wis than to give friendly Entertainment and Harbour to General Blake, upon
his failing neer this time thither, after l'an Trump and the Dutch East India hips
then expected home that way.
The Treaty continued yet with Arguile and other the Highland Hogens, where
he, and Marquels Huntly and Montroß's Sons had another conference at Saint
Johnstons; but neither concluded nor abrupted the matter of their meeting, fa-
ving promiſes, and proteftations of Friendſhip, and Peaceableneſs, and a kinde
of neutrality, in order to fatisfie the expectation of a Plenary compliance,of which
Arguile was molt prodigally complemental; fo that now neither from Irish nor
Scot, nor other of the Kings Dominions, was there any thing more to be feared,
than that the States of England would loofe the profit of Seizure and Confiſca
tion by the fubmiflion and timely application of thoſe in Arms againſt the Au-
thority of their Victorious Commonwealth. And they had fufficiently cau-
tioned against fuch retrenchments of their Conqueft, except in cafe of Articles
to important places and perſons (in Ireland (as is faid before) it being taken ·
for a known and unvariable Rule) as for England, there were now
more Forfeitures haftening to their Corban, by a new Lift of Papist-
Delinquents, to be Limboed by the States Inquifitors General at Drury-
Houſe.
T
Theſe
་
3
314
The rife of the
Dutch war.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II,
Theſe were their civil Garlands and Ovations, not becauſe they had faved,
but becauſe they had ruined fo many of their fellow-Subjects, whofe For-
tunes and Eſtates Oyled the Wheels of their Triumphant Chariots, and
galloped it over all Obitacles and Impediments, even through Rivers,
nay an Ocean of Blood. For their precipitant Succeffes, difdaining to be
taken off their Glorious Career, made the Belgick Lyon ftoop to the Yoak,
and draw his part in the progrefs of their Fame, which few swift to
all the parts of the World; more to the wonderment than expectation of
all Men: who thinking the Circum abient Seas of their new-acquired Do-
minions, not Water enough to wash off that Pollution and deep-dyed Guilt
of the Murther of their Soveraign, faw them moft officioufly to receive and
fwallow a further tribute of Blood, as due to their challenged Soveraignty there-
on, and their impatient ambition of being fupreme Lords over the High and
Mighty, and to domineer far and wide without Rivals or Competitors, in this
extended Empire of the Ocean.
The rife of this War on this fide, we partly hint here, and have partly touched
before, namely the rejectment of their civil offer and Embaffie made to the
Dutch by Saint John (from the fimilitude of their Governments, and their
Arrival to it, the danger, they feared from Monarchs and Princes, and from the
intereft of the Prince of Aurange with thefe States, which by all means was to be
weakened by the neerer alliance of both Commonwealths) their indignation and
disdain to be thus refuſed, and laftly the proud felicity of their Atchievements,
which gave the advantage of Quarrel with whom they pleated; and eſpecially,
to revenge thofe Contumelies done to Dorillaus and Saint Joba, in the
very prefence of the States General; their diſpleaſure whereat they gave
the Dutch a taft of, in their Act forbidding forrain fhips to trade hither, c
the last October.
On the Dutch fide the Quarrel arofe chiefly from a vain prefumption that they
were able to Mafter the Engliſh at Sea, for that people naturally meaſure their
intereft by Power, not by Juftice; and there wanted not thoſe great ones (rela
ted to the Prince of Aurange) who mainly promoted this Rupture among
the States themſelves; and indeed they proved the Major part, hoping then
well of his Majefties affairs in Scotland. But they proving bad, the States of
Holland and Zealand, being maritime Provinces, who had at firft ftickled for an
alliance, as was tendered, had prevailed that three Embaffadors, to wit, Myn
Heeren Cats, Schaep, and Vandeperre, fhould immediately pafs into England, up-
on the notice of the above-mentioned Act, and reſume the Treaty offered at the
Hague: theſe being at laft come, found very cool & difficult tendencies or inclina-
tions to Peace; for the cafe (as Saint John faid) was now altered: whereupon
another Embaſſador the Lord Newport was fent, with private Inftructions, (but
no power to conclude ) to enquire and inform himself, in what readinefs and
preparation the Parliament were for a Naval War, what difcontents from
the Royalift, or Faction in the Army, or Ambition among the Grandees them-
felves, might effect to their advantage: where though he mitt of the main, a-
bout Cromwel's intended overthrow of the Parliament, yet they had encou-
ragement enough to proceed on the defigne of the Ocean-maſterſhip, and ma-
king themſelves abfolute Lords of the Worlds Commerce: for having beaten.
and overcome the English, and having their Harbours at command, no
Prince or people whatfoever, fhould be able or dare to offend them;
but endure all whatſoever they ſhould infolently enough command and re-
quire.
This was the main original and Bottom of that War, though haſtened and ur-
ged by fome peremptory unexpected demands made here to their Embaſſadors,
concerning the old daty of the Herring-fishing,the opening of the Scheld Cuttom-
free from Middleburgh to Antwerp, the Right of the Flag, and the buſineſs of
Amboyna; which fhewed they must now enter into League upon unequal Terms,
and that the Market was rifen, and the Exchange higher here than it was at the
Hague 3
1
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1652.
315
England, Scotland and Ireland.
up
Hague; fo that without further trifling away time in fuch ſtiff-neckt debates, it
was refolved that the Dutch Lyon fhould no longer couch and tawn, but raiſe
himself, and try by one feizure how the Engliſh Pulſe beat, whether to fear or
more Courage; and fo accordingly govern themſelves. They had befides,about the
time of this refolution, feveral Advertiſements of injuries done their ſhips and
Traffique upon account of the faid Act, purpofely laid in their way to give them
the occafion.
this War.
in Effex.
the Air.
Juſt before, and at the entrance of War, feveral fore-running Accidents were
taken notice of in Scotland, a great Fire at Glaſcow, which defaced that City, A great Fire
and did damage to the value of 100000l. Congleton Church in Cheshire fired at Glafcow.
Congleton-
by Lightning, with 11 men killed thereby the fame fire at Eaft-Okendon in Ef- Church in
fex, preceded by a great and continual drought. On Holland-fide, the State-houfe Cheſhire firea
of Amsterdam was burnt, much money loft, and other Writings and Goods loft by Lightning.
and burned. At the mouth of the Maze, Sea-fights were feen in the Air at noon- The like Fire
day with Engliſh and Dutch Colours; and ſuch other the like Prognoſticks, The State-boule
which much amazed all people, who were now folely intent upon the Iffue of o Amfterdam
burnt, Sea-
To the riddance of this anxious .Expectation, the Dutch had prepared a fights feen in
Fleet of War under their old Admiral Van Trump, and given order for the fpee-
dy equipping of another Fleet of 150 fail, while the Parliament was yet un-
provided of an aufwerable Force; for General Blake plied then about the Downs
with about 25 fail and no more. thither the Dutch Fleet came, in pretence of
Convoy to fome of their Merchant-men from the Straights ; attempted by fome
Parliament-Frigats under Captain Young; and thereupon enfued an Encounter, An Encounter,
to the open breach of Amity and Peace between the Commonwealths: In between the
which, becauſe both parties pleaded the Defenfive part, though apparently the Forces of Eng-
land and Hol-
Dutch began it in the Downs, it will be belt to give you what either of the Ge- land.
nerals or Officers faid and writ themſelves on this occafion: Whereunto are ad-
ded the Memorials of the Dutch Embaffadors, and the Anfwer of the Parlia-
ment upon the fame.
The open rupture was honefted on both fides with a punctilio of Honour,
the Right of the Flag, which the Dutch could not without prejudice to their
more Antient State give to this puifny Commonwealth; who contrarily more
confidently expected it: and therefore take theſe accounts from feveral of their
Commanders.
The firſt, in a Letter from Capt. Young.
Right Honourable,
As I was coming to the Weftward to take the Command of the Weft-guard,
Capt. Young's
the twelfth inftant, off the Start, I defcried a Fleet of fhips about a dozen fail, Letter.
coming from the Southward, being Admiral, Vicè, and Rear in the Fleet, fo
that I did conceive them to be Sir George Ayfcue's Fleet; but I making fail off
to them, found them a Fleet of Hollanders come from Genoa and Legorn; thoſe
three with Flags were States-men of War their Convoyers, the other Mer-
chants ſhips, fome upwards of thirty Guns, and ſome under; ſo I bore with the
Admiral, and did ſend to him by my Maſter, that he ſhould ſtrike his Flag, and
did defire a right underſtanding might be between us before any Blood was thed
in the controverfie; on this the Admiral took in his Flag, and put abroad a Pen-
dant he ſaid he did belong to Amfterdam,but his Name I know not, but the ſhip
hath two wilde men or the like in her Stern, and fome other things between
them; ſhe hath ſome 38 Guns: fo then the Vice-Admiral came up with me
with his Flag abroad, being a ſhip of 42 Guns ; ſo I called to perfwade him to
ftrike he bid me come on board and ſtrike it; fo I fent my Boat on board to
perfwade him to it, to prevent the lofs of Blood, if it might be; but he fent me
word by my Maſter he would not ſtrike; fo then being fitted for it, I came up
Tt 2
very
:
M
A
嘴
​316
Gen. Blake's
Letter.
A Chronicle of the Civil Warg of
Part II
very neer on the Weather-quarter; but before I fired, I called to the Captain
my felf to take in his Flag,but he faid he would not; fo then I commanded a Broad
fide and a Volley of fmall-fhot to be fired on him, and I received the like from
him again: thus we paſt ſome four or five Broad fides each at other,though I was
forced to be at fome further diftance from him than at first, I fearing the Admi-
ral would have laid me on Board on the Weather-fide, he having fitted his fhip,
and come up Main-fail, and all to gain the Wind of me, forced me to keep the
Wind of him, then Captain Reynolds being come up fair within ſhot of his
Weather-quarter, having fired fix Guns before at the Rear-Admiral, as he came
in amongſt us; ſo he fired part of a Broad fide at the Vice-Admiral, juft at that
inftant as he was taking in his Flag, the Recovery being come up even within ſhot
juft as his Flag was in, and the Rear-Admiral ftruck likewife: So I fent aboard
the Admiral, That I did demand the Vice-Admiral, either in his perfon or his
ſhip to carry into Port, to make good what damage was done: he. told my
Mafter, he did not meddle in the leaft himſelf as yet, as long as it was onely a-
bout ftriking the Flag, the which he faid was now taken in; but if I fought
any further matter, as the Surprizal of him or his fhip, he was bound and would
affift, the being the States-fhip as well as he, not then knowing, or could take any
notice of any further intentions: So I defired Captain Reynolds and Captain
Chapman to come on board to confult with me what further to do in it; it be-
ing neer night; and it was the Judgement of us all, not to proceed any further
in it, the Flag being taken in, by reafon the Treaty being between the Nations
at prefent, the caſe of Breach of the Peace might not be any way imputed on
our part. I have received fome damage in my Hull, Sails, and Rigging, the
which I fhall foon, God willing, get repaired again. I had one man even as
good as killed out-right, died fince, and fome four wounded, but I hope they
will recover. For my own part, I blefs God for it, I am very well: I do be-
lieve I gave him his Belly-full of it; for he fent me word he had Orders from
the States, That if he ftruck he fhould lofe his Head; but at length he did ſtrike,
which makes me conceive he had enough of it.
Prefident, Plymouth-
Sound, May 14, 1652.
Your Honours bumble Servant at Command,
Anth. Young.
!
The ſecond, in a Letter from Gen. Blake.
Right Honourable,
I have diſpatcht away this Expreſs to your Honours, to give you an account
of what paſt yeſterday between us and the Dutch Fleet. Being in Rye-bay, I
received intelligence from Major Bourn, that Van Trump with 40 fail was off.
the South-fand-head, whereupon I made all poffible speed to ply up towards
them, and yeſterday in the morning we ſaw them at Anchor in and neer Dover-
Road; being come within three Leagues of them, they weighed and flood
away by a wind to the Eastward: we fuppofing their intention was to leave
us, to avoid the diſpute of the Flag; about two hours after they altered their
courſe and bore directly with us, Van Trump the headmoft; whereupon we lay
by, and put our felves into a fighting pofture, judging they had a refolution to en-
gage. Being come within Mufquet-fhot, I gave order to fire at his Flag, which
was done thrice : after the third fhot he let flie a Broad fide at us. Major Bourn,
with thoſe ſhips that came from the Downs, being eight, was then making to-
wards us: we continued fighting till night; then our fhip being unable to fail,
by reaſon that all our Rigging and Sails were extreamly fhattered, our Mizen-
maſt ſhot off, we came with advice of the Captains to an Anchor about three
or four Leagues off the Neß, to refit our ſhip, at which we laboured all the night;
this morning we eſpied the Dutch Fleet about four Leagues diftance from ours
towards
¡
1
1652.
317
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
towards the Coaft of France, and by advice of a Council of War, it was refolv-
ed to ply to windward to keep the Weather-gage, and we are now ready to
let fall our Anchor this Tide: what courfe the Dutch Fleet fteers we do not
well know, nor can we tell what harm we have done them; but we ſuppoſe one
of them to be funk, and another of thirty Guns we have taken, with the Cap-
tains of both; the Main-maft of the first being shot by the Board, and much wa-
ter in the Hola, made Captain Lawſon's men to forſake her. We have fix men
of ours flain, and nine or ten deſperately wounded, and 25 more not without
danger, amongſt them our Mafter and one of his Mates, and other Officers.
We have received about ſeventy-great ſhot in our Hull and Maſts, in our Sails
and Rigging without number, being Engaged with the whole Body of the Fleet
for the ſpace of four hours; being the Mark at which they aimed. We muſt
needs acknowledge it a great mercy that we had no more harm, and our hope is
the Righteous God will continue the fame unto us, if there do ariſe a War be-
tween us; they being firft in the Breach, and feeking an occafion to Quarrel,
and watching, as it ſeems, an Advantage to brave us upon our own Coaft, &c.
From aboard the James, three
Leagues off the Hydes, the
20 of May, 1652.
Your moſt humble Servant,
Robert Blake.
The third, in a Letter from Maj. Bourne.
Upon the 18th of May, the Wind being at North-Eaft, the weather fome- Aaj. Bourne'
thing hazy, about ten in the morning we law a great Fleet on the back-fide of Relation.
the Goodwyn-fand, which lay with their Sails hayl'd up, and drove to the South-
ward, the latter. Tide of Ebb in land; about twelve they were fo nigh, that
we plainly defcried them to be all Men of War, confifting of 41 in number,
one whereof had a Flag at the Main-top-maft-head, the rett Jacks and Ancients,
Hollands Colours, at which time they were neer the South-fand-head. There
was in the Downs, the Andrew, Triumph, Fairfax, Entrance, Centurion, Adven-
ture, Affurance, Grey-bound, and the Seven Brothers, all the reft of the Fleet being
with the General to the Weſtward, by whoſe ſpecial Command I wore a Flag at
the Main-top-maft-head; the appearance of which I humbly conceive was one
cauſe amongst others which moved their General to fend two Frigats towards
me; which as foon as I perceived plying into the Road, I fent out the Grey-
bound to Examine them, and know the ground of their Approach; who retur-
ned this Anſwer to the Captain, That they had a Meffage from their Admiral to
the Commander in the Downs; at which he made fail towards me, and permit-
ted them to come in the two Frigats came neer and faluted the Flag, and then
the Captains came on Board, whofe Names were, one Tyfon, and the other Al-
dred, who brought this Meffage from their Admiral Van Trump, That by reaſon
of much Northerly Winds, he with his Fleet was put to the Southward further
than he intended, and having Anchored the day before off Dunkirk, many of
his hips had loft Anchors and Cables, and fo were forced to Leewards; but
withal declared, that they had fpecial Command from their Admiral to fignifie
thus much, That it was the onely cauſe of their coming to prevent any thoughts
or miſapprehenfions, for that he had not the leaft purpofe to offer injury to
any of the English Nation; but for fear left any Noife or Alarm ſhould be gi-
ven either at Land or Sea, he thought good to fend this Meffage. And further,
the one of them in difcourfe faid, that their Admiral Trump would have come
himſelf into the Road, but that he was not willing to breed any difference a-
bout his Flag, forafmuch as he had not order to take it down. To whom I
replied, That I prefumed there would be no new thing required of them,
and neither more nor lefs would be Expected from them, but what they
knew to be the Antient Rights of this Nation; and witha! I defired them
to
318
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
f
to return this Anfwer from me to their General, That their Meffage was
civil, that our General was to the Weftward, whom I looked for hourly,
and that received; and if what they delivered was ſo intended, I defired the
Reality thereof might be manifefted by their ſpeedy drawing off from this place
with their Fleet,for elfe this their appearance would be otherwife expounded: and
fo I difmifs'd them, who made fail to their Admiral, who lay off the South-fands-
head. I expected them to come into the Road every moment,and therefore was in
readineſs with the ſmall ftrength I had under my charge.. So foon as the two
Frigats (before mentioned) came back to their General, they all made Sail
and ftood towards Dover, and there they came to an Anchor that Tide. At the
firft appearance of them, after I had made them certainly to be the Holland-fleet,
I did according to my Duty give fuch an Account thereof to the Right Honou-
rable the Council of State, as the time and other buſineſs would permit; and
withal I immediately diſpatcht a Ketch to our General, who met with the ad-
vice thereof that night about Neß. All the next night we lay in readineſs, our
Anchors apeak, and kept two Frigats one at a diſtance from the other betwixt
us and them, giving them Inſtructions to make a Signal to me, either night or
day, that I might underftand their motion, whether towards the General or
elſewhere, to the end I might the better be able to order my felf and the party
with me to the beſt advantage, for ſecurity of the General's Fleet and our felves.
In the morning about ten a clock I received advice from the General, being a
little to the Weftward off Foulstone; and according to Order received from him,
Calculated the Time and Tide, ſo that we might moſt opportunely make Con-
junction of our Forces. About twelve a clock I fet fail out of the Downs, the
Wind being Eaſterly: immediately after I perceived the Hollanders to be under
fail ſome of them, and the reft making ready. We Steered alongit, and when
we came as high as the South-foreland, the Holland-Fleet was got off the Shore,
and were half Channel over, plying to Windward towards Calice's at which
time I ſaw our General and thoſe with him; and within an hour after or there-
abouts, the Holland-Fleet bore up and made fail towards him: We haftened
towards him, and hope I may fay, feaſonably came in, for by that time the Guns
were fired betwixt the Admirals, we were with the Body of their Fleet, and En-
gaged with them from half an hour paft four in the afternoon till it was dark :
What Execution we did upon them they beſt know, I fhall not determine it;
but ſurely they were fenfible of us, for they did their utmoft to decline us, and
avoid our coming near, which we endeavoured by all means; but their Admis
ral leading the Van, they all made Sail after.him, and fo fhot themſelves to
Leeward of us, and fo left the Rear of the Fleet to us, which we endeavoured
to ſever from the reft, and accordingly did in part break the Body; and fome of
us who were the neereft, and had the advantage of the Wind, fell upon the Stern-
moft, who I fuppofe found it hot work: the one of them of 30 Guns we took,
which fought ftoutly; another of the fame force fo lamed, her Main-maft fhot
down, and having much Water in Hold yielded, and the Captain thereot
came into our Boat to fave himſelf; the night coming on and no hope left him:
I preſume ſhe funk in the night. We not knowing what might be the Iffue
of this beginning, endeavoured to finde out our General, to the end we might
receive Inſtructions how to order our felves in the morning, expecting certainly
to proſecute the buſineſs then, for which end we prefently came to Anchor
becauſe we would be neer them in the morning; but they did not top, fo that,
in the morning we could fcarce difcern them at Top-maſt-head; by which we
concluded that they were bound over to the Coaſt of France, and were not wil-
ling to try it further at this time, and therefore that evening emplyed it up to-
wards Foulftone, and between that and Dover Anchored again, and the next day
came into the Downs.
"
May 29,
1652.
'
Your very affured Friend and Servant
in the work of God,
"
N. Bourn.
To
1
f
- England, Scotland and Ireland.
1652.
319
7
1
my
To which may be added, the Tranflation of the Letter of the
Admiral Trump to the States General.
High and Mighty Lords,
1
$
My laft Letter was of the tenth inftant, fent by the Meffenger that brought Admiral
Inftructions aboard, fince when I croffed the Sea before the Mafe, Viliftrin- Trump's Let-
gen,Oftend,and Newport,until the 24 of the fame Month, when we were forced to it to the States
caft our Anchor, and ſtay there in a hard Weather and a rough Sea, until the 26 of Hoiland.
in the Morning. The Weather growing fairer, and being under fail, divers
Captains of the Direction came aboard, complaining, That they had loft their
Anchors and Cables, ſome having but two Anchors and two Cables left; ſo it
was refolved, becauſe the Wind did grow big, to go under the point of Dover,
to prevent the loss of our fhips. At one of the clock, coming before the Downs,
we did fend the Commander John Thiffen of Fliffingen, and Captain Peter Al-
ders towards the Downs, to the Commander Bourn, who was there with fomo
ſhips of the Parliament, whom they faluted in my Name, advertiſing him that
we were bound to cruſe the Sea about our Coaft; and that having loft fome
Anchors by the laft hard Weather, we were forced to Anchor under Dover, to
help one another, and fo to return to our appointed limits; having alſo noo
ther order but to protect our Merchant-ſhips and Fiſhermen, and to maintain
the Honour of our Country. That we therefore thought it fit to acquaint
the ſaid Commander with the fame, becauſe he ſhould not fufpect any thing to
the contrary, who alfo did falute me, and thankt me for this notice. Upon
the 19th, at two of the clock, we made fail, the Wind North-Eaft, good Wea-
ther, failing towards Calice, with intention to crofs towards our Coaft, to pro-
vide us of Cables and Anchors: Coming about Calice-cliff, we met with Cap-
tain Joris van Sunen of Amfterdam, coming out the Streights, with Captain
Hugeluyt, having in their company 7 rich Merchants fhips, who are cfteemed at
above 50 Tuns of Gold, whom he left the 19th at Anchor right againft Feverly,
where about 12 fhips of the Parliament did lye, and divers Frigats came to fee
them: and foraſmuch as the faid Joris van Sanen upon the 12 of May, about
Goutftart, was met by a Frigat of the Parliament, who fiercely fet upon him to
make him ftrike, and again!t whom he defended him neer about two hours, and
fo was left by the faid Frigat, whereupon the faid Commander Hugeluyt, and
the faid Van Sanen, did endeavour to finde out our main Fleet, and to give us
notice of it; as he did accordingly, fearing much, that the faid Merchants
Veffels already might be taken: Thereupon I preſently went thither, to take
them under my protection, and if they were taken, to put them at Liberty, if
it was poffible, according to the feventh and eighth Articles of my Inftruction
of the 6 of May inftant. Upon the way we met 15 Ships and Frigats of the
Parliaments, among whom one was an Admiral, whom I intended to view,
taking in all my Sails, except both my Marth-fails, whom we did avail until
the midst of the Stangs. Being within a Cannon-ſhot, he fhot a Ball over
our ſhip, we anſwering not, he ſhot another, to which we anſwered with one ;
preſently he gives me a Broad fide, being within a Muſquet-ſhot, and ſhot all
his fide through our Ship and Sails: Divers were Wounded, fome with the
loſs of their Arms, fome otherwife, whereupon we prefently gave him our
Broad fide, not knowing what they intended, which as yet I know not,
becauſe they did not speak a word to us, neither we to them; and we fell there-
upon to a general Fight. In the mean while came the Commander Bourn out
of the Downs, with 12 of fuchlike fhips and Frigats mounted, as he told
himſelf to the faid Commander Jobn Thyffen and Captain Peter Alders, being
aboard of him, with 60 to 70, and the Frigats with 38, to 50 pieces of
Ordnance, who in the fame while Affaulted our Fleet from behinde; and
we fought thus from half an hour paft four, till nine of the clock, the dark-
nefs
1
1
320
The Dutch Em-
baffaders Pa-
per to the Coux-
cil of State.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
neſs parting us from one another; when both the Admirals a little beyond the
reach of our Ordnance caft their Sails towards the Lee, to gather their Fleets,
and to mend what was fhot to pieces, we floted the whole night with a Light
on every ſhip. The 20th in the Morning we faw the English Fleet driven
Windward from us, who made fail and went towards Dover. We wanted
two of our Ships, who were in the Rear of our Fleet, the Captains, Tuynman's
of Middleburgh, and Siphe Fook's of Amfterdam, both fhips of the Diredlion;
whereof we found that of Captain Siphe Fook's about noon, floating without
Mafts: The Skipper and the Officers declared unto us that they were taken by
three ſhips of the Parliament, two hours after Sun-fet, who took from aboard
the Captain and Lieutenant, with 14 or 15 men more, and put inftead of them
many of the Englith; but they fearing that the fhip would fink, they took the
flight, after they had plundered all in hoftile manner. They declared alſo,
that they fee the faid Tuynman's (being with them in the Rear of our Fleet )
an hour before he was taken. We intend with this Eafterly wind to croſs to
and fro, that we may finde out the faid Streight vaerders, if it be poffible, and
with all other Ships with whom we may meet, to bring them fafe in our Coun-
try. So ending, was Subſcribed,
Dated the 30 of May, 1652.
from aboard the Ship.
The Lords Embaffadors Paper, Exhibited
M. Harp Trump.
June, 1652.
To the Council of State of the Commonwealth of England.
Moſt Illuſtrious Lords,
Even as both by word of mouth, and alſo by Writing, we have fignified to
this Council on the 3 and 6 days of this Month, taking God the fearcher of
Mens Hearts to witness, that the most unhappy Fight of the Ships of both
Commonwealths did happen against the knowledge and will of the Lords
States General of the United Netherlands; ſo alſo are we daily more and
more affured both by Meffages and Letters, witnefling the moft fincere hearts
of our ſaid Lords, and that with Grief and aſtoniſhment they received the Fatal
News of that unhappy raſh Action; and that upon what we thereupon prefently
ſent them word of, they did confult and endeavour to finde out what Remedy
chiefly may be applied to mitigate that raw and Bloody Wound: To which
end, they have written out for to gather a folemn Meeting or Parliament of all
the Provinces, whereby we do not doubt but there will be provided for theft
Troubles (by Gods favour) fuch a Cure and prefent help, whereby not onely
the outward cauſe of all further Evil may be taken away; but alſo by an Intern
comfort, the mindes may be redreffed and reduced again to a better hope of
our Treaty in hand; which thing being now moft earneſtly agitated by our
Lords, for the common good of both Nations, to fhuy that detestable fhedding
of Chriſtian Blood, (fo much defired, and would be dearly bought by their
common Enemies of both Nations, and of the Reformed Religion) We again
do crave of this moſt Honourable Council, and beseech you by the Pledges
both of the common Religion and Liberty, mean while to fuffer nothing to be
done out of too much heat, that afterwards may prove neither revocable nor
repairable by too late idle Vows and Wishes; but rather, that you would
let us réceive a kinde Anſwer without further delay upon our laft Requeſt.
Which we do again and again defire fo much the more, becaufe we under-
ſtand, that the Ships of our Lords and of our Skippers, both on the broad-fea,
as in the Ports of this Commonwealth, fome by force, fome by Fighting are ta-
ken by your men and kept. Given at Chelſey, 3 June, 1652.
Signed, J. Cats. G. Schaep. P. Vanderperre.
The
1652.
321
England, Scotland and Ireland.
H
{
The Answer of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England,
to the Papers prefented to them by the Council of State, from the
Embaſſadors Extraordinary of the Lords the States General of
the United Provinces. The firft whereof was dated the 3 of June,
the Second the 6 of June, and the last dated the 13 of June, 1652.
new Stile, upon occafion of the late Fight between the Fleets.
The Parlia-
The Parliament of the Commonwealth of England calling to minde with
what continued Demonftrations of Friendship and fincere Affections, from the ments Answer
very beginning of their Inteftine Troubles they have proceeded towards their thereunto.
Neighbours of the United Provinces, omitting nothing on their part that might
conduce to a good Correfpondence with them, and to a growing up into a more
neer and ſtrict Union than formerly; do finde themſelves much furprized with
the unfutable Returns that have been made thereunto, and especially at the Acts
of Hoftility lately committed in the very Roads of England, upon the Fleet
of this Commonwealth; the matter of Fact whertof ftated in clear Proofs,
is hereunto annexed: upon ſerious and deliberate conſideration of all, and of
the feveral Papers delivered in by your Excellencies to the Council of State,
the Parliament thinks fit to give this Anſwer to thofe Papers.
The Parliament, as they would be willing to make a charitable Conftruction
of the Expreffions uſed in the faid Papers, endeavouring to reprefent the late
Engagement of the Fleets to have happened without the knowledge, and a-
gainst the minde of Your Superiours: So when they confider how diſagreeable
to that profeffion the Refolutions and Actions of Your State, and their Mini-
iters at Sea have been, even in the midst of a Treaty offered by themſelves, and
managed here by Your Excellencies; the extraordinary preparations of 150 Sail
of Men of War, without any viſible occafion but what doth now appear (a
juſt ground of jealoufie in your own Judgements, when Your Lordships pre-
tended to excufe it) and the Inftructions themſelves given by Your faid Supe-
riours to their Commanders at Sea, do finde too much cauſe to believe, That
the Lords the States General of the United Provinces have an intention by Force
to ufurp the known Rights of England in the Seas, to deftroy the Fleets that
are, under God, their Walls and Bulworks, and thereby expofe this Common-
wealth to Invafion at their pleaſure, as by their late Action they have attempted
to do: Whereupon the Parliament conceive they are obliged to endeavour,
with Gods affittance, as they thall have opportunity, to feek Reparation of the
Wrongs already fuffered, and Security that the like be not attempted for the
future.
7
Nevertheless, with this minde and defire, That all Differences betwixt the
Nations may (if poſſibly ) be peaceably and friendly compofed, as God by his
Providence thall open a way thereunto, and Circumftances fhall be conducing
to render ſuch Endeavours lefs delatory, and more effectual than thofe of this
kinde heretofore-ufed have been,
This Anſwer Infinuating the intention of a War, being Communicated to
the States General, they ordered their remaining Embaflador to infiſt upon,
and demand a Categorick Anfwer (fo was it called) to their Propoſals in the
Treaty, pofitively off or on; which being made,
The Houfe took into debate the bufinefs of the Embaſſador Extraordinary
from the States General of the United Provinces,and thereupon Paffed thefe Re-
folutions, to be fent to the Emballador in Anſwer to his fourth and laſt Paper.
1. That the Lords the States General of the United Provinces do pay and Their Demands.
Satisfie unto this Commonwealth the Charges and Damages this State bath fu-
stained, and been put unto by the Preparations of the faid States General, and
V V
their
れ
​322
Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
**
1
Trump in the
Downs.
their attempts this Summer, the Particulars whereof shall be in due time pro-
duced.
2. That upon the payment of the fum to be agreed upon (as aforefaid) for Char-
ges and Damages, or fecuring the fame to the fatisfaction of the Parliament, there
Shall follow immediately thereupon a Ceffation of all Acts of Hoftility, and the Ships
and Goods taken fince the Difference shall be Releaſed.
3. The two former Propofitions being affented unto, and put in Execution, the
Security for the time to come which the Parliament doth expect, is by both States
contracting a firm Alliance and Confistency of Interest for the good of both, which
the Parliament of England is willing on their part by all juſt ways and means to
endeavour. And fo we paſs from theſe civil Debates, to the proſecution of the
War.
This rude accoft being over by reaſon of the night, the two Fleets parted,
Van Trump to the back of the Goodwyn fand, whence he failed for Zealand,
and being recruited to the number of 120 fail (while General Blake with 70
Men of War was gone Northwards to feize upon their Buſſes and Fiſhing-trade,
and to meet their East-India-men, five in number, coming as uſually ſince Am-
boyna home that way) came into the Road of the Downs again, where Sir
George Ayſcue, who arrived at Plymouth, May 25, from the Barbadoes, and came
thither on the 6 of June, was ordered by the Parliament to attend, till a Fleet
was made ready in the River of Thames to joyn with him; having in the in-
terim on the firft of June ſeized on 10 fail, with a Man of War of 22 Guns, fent
to give notice to all Merchant-men; and on the 17, fourteen more, fome
whereof were ſtranded, with three Men of War of twenty, twenty fix, and
thirty Guns.
Van Trump (having underftood the aforefaid opportunity) clapt in be-
tween the River and Sir George, leaving part of his Fleet to the Weftward, re-
folving to furprize thofe fhips coming out, or to fink thofe under Sir George
Ayfcue, butadvice being immediately given from Dover of the pofture of the
Enemy, the Navy within budged not; and thereupon the Dutch prefently ad-
dreft themſelves to the other part of the defigne, and the opportune time of Ebb
coming on, the 8 of July they failed towards Sir George; but the Wind failing,
they came to an Anchor a League off, and the next Ebb (againſt which time,
a Platform was caft up between Deal and Sandown-Cattles, and Cannon plan-
ted thereon to bear upon them as they came in, and the Militia thereabouts
in Arms at the ſhore, from whence feveral Mariners reinforced the Fleet, which
confifted of no more than 15 fhips) as they were under fail the Wind came
fully about South-weft (which the Dutch afterwards faid was the Witch-Act
Wind) and blew fo directly in their Teeth, that they could not poffibly make
up to them; and it being likely to continue fo, for it came in with a brisk gale,
Trump that had no longer time to ftay, the Fleets of Merchants for the Nor-
thern, Eaſtern, and Weft-India Seas, waiting his return for their Convoy North-
wards, departed for Holland; and having received the faid charge of fhips, and
order about the Fiſhing, failed towards the Sound, whence having fecured and
left that part of his Fleet to their Voyage, he proceeded with the reſt towards
the Northermoft point of Scotland, the Ifles of Orkney, where General Blake
The English and was newly in Harbour, after a Squadron of his Frigats had fpoiled the Herring-
fishing, by driving moft, feizing fome other Buffes, which after the accuftomed
Toll of every tenth Herring, as was in grofs computed, being paid, were re-
leafed, with a charge of Fiſhing there no more without English leave, and
the taking of their 12 Men of War that guarded them, 3 whereof were after-
wards funk. (They made a ftout and gallant refiftance, and killed abundance of
the Engliſh.)
Dutch Fleets
July-Encoun-
`ter.
They are feat-
tered by a
Storm.
It was Trump's Refolution to have here Engaged likewife with Blake, having
met already with the Dutch East-India Fleet of five Sail; but upon a fudden
ſuch a Storm arofe, that he was glad to put to Sea, and there his Fleet was
fo
1
1652.
323
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
+
►
fo ſcattered and difpeffed, that he came home but with 42 fail; the reft came
after much toffing to an Anchor, fome at Norway, the reſt in Scotland, with two
of the East India fhips which at firft were given for lott, with thofe War-fhips
that were miffing, but ſhortly after, all except fix came home in ſafety: Trump
to Schiveling, and fo to the Hague, to give an account: Blake first to the Coalt Blake takes
of Holland with fix of the Durch Frigats he had taken, and 900 Priſoners in feveral of their
them, and thence to Yarmouth for Victual, and cross again to the Enemies divers Prifo-
Frigats, and
Coaft; feveral loffts having happened to both Nations in the mean time by ners.
private Free-booters, and fome fmall Men of War taken from us.
While Van Trump's Fleet was now rigging and fitting out, another Fleet of
50 Men of War fet to Sea from Zealand to go Weftward, and Convoyed a
Fleet of Merchant-men the fame way where Sir George Ayfcue's ftation was a- De Ruyter and
bout Plymouth (at which Port two Streights-men newly arrived, and five Sir Geo: Ayf
Eaft-India fhips came in foon after in fafety) in expectation of them. They
cue' Engage-
were ſeen first at Bright hemftead in Suffex, where they chafed and took fome mouth,Au.16.
ment at Ply-
Barques, and fo Weftward on the back of the Ifle of Wight; advertiſement
whereof being given, it. was refolved that Sir George with his Fleet of 40 Men
of War, moft Merchant-men except the Flag-fhips, fhould ftretch over to the
Coaft of France to meet them. Accordingly on the 16 of August, between one
and two of the clock in the afternoon, they got fight of the Enemy, who quit-
ted their Merchant-men, being so in number. About four the fight began, the
Engliſh Admiral with 9 others charging through their Fleet; but received moft
damage in the Shrouds, Mafts, Sails, and Rigging, which was repaid the Dutch
in their Hulls: Sir George having thus paffed through them, got the Weather-
gage and Charged them again; but all his Fleet not coming up, and the night
already entred, they parted with a drawn Battle. Captain Peek the Rear-Ad-
miral loft his Leg, whereof foon after he died; ſeveral Captains were wounded,
but no fhip loft, onely ſome ſhattered and torn; of the Dutch not one was faid
to be loft, though many of them ſhot through and through, but fo that they
were able to proceed in their Voyage, and Anchored the next day after, being
followed by the English, at the Ifle of Baffa; but no further attempt was made
by our Fleet, by reaſon, as 'twas pretended, of the danger of the French Coaſt,
from whence they returned to Plymouth found,to mend and repair their damage.
Whatever the matter might be, Sir George was never employed more in their
Service; but 'twas judged not any default here, but the Honourable largenefs
of his Articles at Barbadoes were the cauſe thereof; and Dean was now reman-
ded and returned from Scotland, as a more confiding deſerver, on whom ano-
ther Sea-General was to be conferred. Sir George had 300 1. in Ireland per an- Sir Geo: Ayf-
sum, and 300 l. in Money for his pains.
cue rewarded
The States of
In the mean time the States of Holland fent away Meffengers and Expreffes for bis fervice.
to Denmark, and the Hans Towns, to Sweden and Poland, to give notice of the Holland excite
Commencement of this War, and to gain theſe feveral States to their party, several Princes
Cordage and Tar being no way elfe to be had, as alſo to give timely advice to to aſſiſt them.
their Merchants, how to manage and ſecure their Eſtates from the Engliſh. A
Propofal was likewife framed of fending for Prince Rupert (then about the
Wettern Illes of America, having taken ſome Weft-Country Ships, being known -
by his black Ancient which he wore in his Poop, as a mourning Emblem of the
Kings Death, attended but with a Fleet of fix fhips) and efpoufing the Kings
Quarrel but thofe were but high-flown vapours of their own without any
ground, fave that the Prince of Aur ange was generally and publickly commen-
ded to, and almoft enforced upon the State as Statdholder, and Captain-Genc-
ral as was his Father; and fome affronts were done to thofe that were known
to be difaffected to that Family, among whom was the Lord Embaſſador Paw,
whoſe houſe they attempted to Storm; nor was De Wit, one of their prime Sea-
men, much more in favour, as the Zealanders foon after evidenced. Their In-
tereſt indeed was fo much the more confiderable, becauſe of the Marquess of
Brandenburgb, the next ally but the King (whofe ufurped Rights, if vindicated
V v 2
and
324
Part IT.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Lord Em-
bafador Mon-
fieur Paw di-
eth of a furfeit
by broyld Sal
moile
Marq. Clan-
rickard Lays
down Arms.
Cromwel's
and afferted, would much conduce to the advantaging of them in a vigorous
profecution of the War) from whom they had already promiles of a large af-
fiftance of 10000 men, upon no other ſcore but his Nephews, as appeared in
his non-performance of that proffer, when the States of Holland boggled at the
Overtures and Demands made by the other Provinces about the Prince; and
in the fame kinde he ferved them, having engaged their concernment in the
Poliſh War not long after, leaving them in the lurch after the Elbing-Treaty :
So that of all Princes, their Friends, they now relied molt upon the Dane and
the French, with whom they doubted not to make a League Offenſive and De-
fentive againſt the Engliſh, Slily aſſiſted by the Spaniard, and hopingof a fair be-
ginning of Amity with Sweden onely.
Yet nevertheless confident were our States of going luckily through this
hazardous and potent Enmity, nor would their proud ftomacks ( Drunk with
fucceſs, as the Dutch Declaration twitted them) abate a fillable of what they
had determined: for having given that Categorick or pofitive Anſwer above re-
cited, upon the Dutch Embaffadors defire of leave to depart, according to their
Superiours as peremptory orders; they without any more ado, preſently offer-
ed them Audience in order thereunto ( Monfieur Paw in a Latine Speech de-
livered the ſenſe of the Quarrel and Breach in very equal words) without any
further expedients mentioned by them to refume the accommodation. Paw at
his return quickly died of a furfeit of broyl'd Salmon, no way lamented by the
houfe of Aurange: a man fufpected of ill Counſel given against the Martyr-
King, he being fent hither about the time of his Martyrdom, and known to
have fome of his Majefties Houfhold-goods and Jewels as Bribes (however hone-
fted by a pretence of purchaſe)for his fervice to theEnglish States. The Lord Wil-
liamfon and his colleague,Embaffadors of Denmark, demanded the fame Audience
the fame time, being about the 29 of June.
F
f
In Ireland, after Sir Charles Coot had taken in Ballymote, he preffed fo hard
upon the Lord Clanrickard, that he was forced for fhelter to betake himſelf in-
to the Isle of Carick, while Sir Charles quartered at Portumna refolved to re-
duce him; which being inevitable, the gallant Marquels came now at laft in this
defperate Juncture to an Agreement, which was no more than ordinary Li-
berty to Tranſport himſelf and 3000 Iriſh more into any Frinces Country and
fervice then in Amity with England, within a fhort limitation of time. Not
long after, Colonel Richard Grace being purſued into his Faſtneſs, being the
ftrong Fort of Inchlough in a Bog, yielded upon the like Terms, on the first of
Auguſt, to Colonel Sanckey; there marched out with him 1050 men for Tranſ-
portation. O Brian yet held out in the Mountains of Kerry and Cork; Birn,
Phelim, Mac Hugh, and Cavenagh, in the Faftneffes of Wexford and Wicklow;
ONeal and Rely in Ulfter: to all which places, under Reynolds, Venables, San-
chy, Sir Charles Coot, and Lieutenant-General Ludlow, diftinct Forces were
ordered to march. Fitz Patrick and Odwire's men were alſo now ſhipt, the
Commiffioners for the Parliament very willing to be rid of their Company,
and they as glad to be gone, to avoid the Halter, then threatned by a High
Court of Justice. In Scotland there were fome fairs in the Highlands, by Glen-
gary, the Frazers, and Mac Reynolds, and fome other Septs, whereof one Mac
Knab was killed, with fome more of his men, being in a party which was met
with by the English Highland-Forces of Lilburn and other Regiments Encam-
ped at Innerara one of. Arguile's trong Cattles, but nothing elfe happened,
though the Scots were 1500 ftrong: but Arguile abfolutely complied with the
Parliament, fending them proviſion and fupplies, of all forts; yet before Sum-
mer was quite ſpent, the Highlanders had made adhift to furprize two of their
new-Garriſoned Caftles in theſe parts,and made good their feveral Clans and pof-
Lellions.
43
At home the Parliament had a greater miſchief breeding against them, than
defigne upon the they feared from the moſt dangerous of their Forrain Enemies: A dangerous
Parliament ap- Impofture of Ambition, whofe quabbing beating pains gave them no reft, nor
Dears.
could
5
1652.
325
England, Scotland and Ireland.
could all their skill tell how to affwage or cure it. It fwelled every day more
and more, in continual Addreffes, Defires, Petitions, Declarations, till it came
to be ripe, and then burft out to the diffolution of this Political body. This
was the reiterated and inculcated ftory of the Parliaments providing for future
equal Repreſentatives, and putting a period to this, than which, nothing could
be more diftaftful, and of greater antipathy to the prefent Members: which yet
they did moſt artfully conceal and diffemble, in a hundred complying Votes
and Refolves, even to the afcertaining of the longest day, November the 5, 1654.
for their fittings but that was two years too long for Crommel, whofe Fingers
itched to be managing a Scepter. In order to this delay, the Committee that
firſt fat and hatcht upon this Bill, were removed from the Neft, and the addle
Eggs put under the chill incumbency of other Wilde-towl, and they to proceed
therein with all expedition: a thing ſo unlikely, that Sultan Crommel, who ex-
pected a Grand Cairo brood, reſolved not to be baffled much longer, or await
the leiſure of his Mercenary fervants, as after a Faſt and Humiliation of him and
his Council of Officers, and the Communication of the grounds thereof to the
whole Army in England and Ireland (which was a Lamentation for the tedious
continuance of ſelf-interefted perfons in the Authority, and other Religious me-
lancholy about Charity, the want whereof was greatly bemoaned) we thail ful-
ly difcover.
Dunkirk taken
An obliquescing hit of Fortene now faluted the fuccefsful Forces of this
State by Sea more advantageous to, and directlyconcerning the Spa- by the Spa-
niard, to whe
obliging good turn could not any way be done. The niard, and the
Arch-Duke Le now Betieged Dunkirk about the middle of August, and the French Fleet
French prepared to relieve it by Sea; to which purpoſe their Lord Great Admi- with relief fei
zed by Gex.
ral the Duke of Vendofme had equipped a Fleet, which from the Coafts of Nor- Blake.
mandy and Britanny came to an Anchor at Calice-road, where fome of General
Blake's Frigats, Crufing up and down from the Body of the Fleet with Him,
eſpied them, who thereupon weighed, and made what fail they could towards
Dunkirk; but were prefently fetch up by thoſe nimble Veffels, and 7 of that
Kings ſhips (the Admiral whereof was the Triton of 31 Guns, and aboard her
the Sieur Dimulet, who Commanded in chiet ) having molt of them between
20 and 30 Guns, with a little Frigat of 8, were taken and brought to Dover;
by which difatter the Befieged were neceffitated to capitulate,and the Governour
the Count d'Estrades (who was alſo after in the fame Command) yielded it there-
upon: a more difficult task than fo, had the Broils in France not been high,
or we ſo neer, or the Dutch proffer of Money for it (as well knowing what a
good ftationary Port it would be for their Navies upon all occafions), would
have been admitted of which injurious imprudence, their Embaffador Boreel
very highly and angerly complained. It was taken with a great loſs of men,
and troubicfome Siege, by the Prince of Conde, in 1647. and the expence of
fome Engliſh Blood of the Oxford-Disbands in 1646.under Colonel Tillier ; after
retaken, and hath fince fuffered many viciffitudes under the Dominations of
three Princes and one ufurper.
Scotland.
A General Affembly now convened themſelves at Edenburgh, with as much A General A-
Authority as they did heretofore, when they began the War; but ſuch a Chat- fembly že
ter there was of Remonttrants and Proteftations, and fuch-like knacks amongſt
thefe crums of the Kirk, which was now in a hundred fractions, that for very
quietnefs fake, and tome ſmall confiderations of the publick Peace (whofe dan-
ger in their former more unanimous Rebellion was not quite forgotten) one
Lieutenant-Colonel Cotterel was fent to difmifs them from their Seats; which Difmift by Lien.
he roundly did, charging theth upon their peril not to attempt any fuch further
meeting; and that to that purpoſe, not any three of them fhould prefume to
meet or be feen together. So that what the King by Proclamation, by the force
of Laws, by his Vice-Roys or Governours General could not effect, an Ar-
med Officer quickly ipeeded, to the perpetual fhame and intamy of that leud
Convention. Epiicopacy had the honour to precede (nor could Monarchy
be
Col. Cotterel.
1
326
De Ruyter
Channel.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II
be abolished while it flood) and Presbytery had the difgrace of following the
Regal Rumes; ſo after King exit Kirk. The Judges there now went their
Circuit, where they met with innumerable Acculations and Indictments of A-
dultery, and Fornication, and Inceft, and as many almoft of Witchcraft, the
ordinary and moſt publick frequent crimes of that Nation; but fuch the Kirks
cruel ulage of thofe fuppofed Sorcerers, and upon fuch weak conviction, that
though at first the fame feverity was exercifed towards them, yet the Judges
finding there was fometimes more devilish Malice in the Accufer than the Ac-
cufed, fuperfided that numerous Condemnation of them as formerly. Some
Murderers and Moß- Troopers were likewife Executed, for that no fmall parties
could go any whither without danger of being knockt on the Head, the ways
were fo infefted.
Return we to the Dutch. That Fleet under de Ruyter, that fought with Şir
with a Fleet at George Ayfcue in the Weft, lay now at the Mouth of the Channel, croffing to and
the mouth of the fro, to top and feize all Engliſh Ships and Goods coming from the Southern
and Weſtern parts of the World; yet notwithstanding, tix East-India (and
two from the Streights) whereof the Eagle was the chief, arrived ſafe at
Plymouth, and there ftaid in Harbour till the Fleet of War Convoyed them
home, having fitted and Armed themſelves for the Encounter. De Ruyter
was ordered to ſtay here, upon this defigne, till de Wit, another Admiral, fhould
be ſent to bring him home through the Channel, with what
had ready in his Convoy, and fuch as ſhould cafually li
where he ranged at pleaſure. He fent Sir George Ayfcue
with him.
chant-men he
him at Sea,
a Bravado,
by a Veffel he took and freely difcharged, that he ftayed the of him to fight
him; but Sir George had no fuch orders, nor indeed was he in a condition,
De Wit joyas ever fince his latt Encounter with him. In the mean time de Wit appeared,
(while General Blake was gone Weftward to bring about the Plymouth-Fleet )
on the 21 of September, at the South-fands-head, (and it was no more than
time, fox Blake had feized five West-India fhips of good value, fneaking by the
French Coats and Vice-Admiral Pen had taken fix Streights-men moft richly
laden, that had been, and were newly come out of the Duke of Venice's Ser-
vice, worth above 200000 l. being laden with Piece-goods, and the beſt Com-
modities of thoſe parts) and came in fight of the Engliſh Fleet neer Torbay in
Devonshire, with the Wind almoft in his Teeth; but it proving thick and hazy
Weather, by the obſcurity thereof, he flipt and made aboard to the French
Coaft and joyned with de Ruyter, and received fix Plate-fhips, laden from
Cadia to his Convoy, and ſet fail homewards; and Blake having touched at
Portſmouth, came Eaftward likewife, and on the back of the Goodwyn dif,
covered him again, having diſmiſt his charge into Holland; but the Wind blow-
ing hard, could not Engage him; nor would de Wit move from his ſtation,
then on the fide of the North-foreland, knowing moft of the Engliſh ſhips to
be very great, and to draw much Water; and there was a Shallow and fand lay
betwixt the Fleets. On the 28 of October, notwithſtanding, General Blake in
three Squadrons (as the Dutch were divided, one Commanded by himſelf, the
fecond by his Vice-Admiral Pen, and the third by Rear-Admiral Bourn) failed
towards him; and as de Wit had fore-laid it, ftruck moſt of them upon the
Sand; among
the reft the Soveraign, Rigg'd and Mann'd for this preſent fer-
vice, the firft the ever was in, was on ground; but was preſently got off again,
and ſtood aloof, till de Wit came freely from his advantages to the Engage-
ment, which was firft begun by Bourn, and feconded immediately by the whole
Fleet, and was fought ftoutly on both fides (a courageous Drunken Dutch man
of War prefuming to give the Soveraign a Baoad-fide, and a vapour of Boar
ding her, was prefently funk by her fide, fo that the obtained among them,
the Name of the Golden Devil;) foon after a Rear-Admiral of the Dutch was
Boarded and taken, and two more of their Men of War were funk, and ano-
ther Blown up at the fame time; fo that de Wit was glad to give over the Con-
flict, and to ply his Sails (being followed till the Engliſh Fleet was no more
(
than
ཥཿམ
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England, Scotland and Ireland.
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than 12 Leagues Eaft-South-Ealt off the Maze, and that Coast of Holland, De Wit wor
which was no good fhore for them to truft to) and with the remainder of his fted by Blake.
Fleet, pitifully torn, came into Goree, and there Harboured. This Defeat he
imputed to ſeveral of his Captains, who did not their devoir in the Fight; fo
that Commiſſioners of the Admiralty were appointed, to try ſuch as he ſhould
charge for their Cowardife or Failure; he alfo added, for another Reaſon, the
over-match of the Engliſh in number and fhips, which being beyond expe-
Atation, more troubled the States, than this cafie Difcomfiture. Blake with
Triumph came into the Downs, and the moſt of his Fleet into Port, to mend
and recruit the Damages they had received having loſt beſides neer 300 men,
and as many wounded (the Dutch twice their number) for whofe cure and
entertainment, feveral Houfes in the nature of Hofpitals were erecting on the
Coaſt of Kent, neer Dover and Deal, by order of Parliament, who enacted alfo
the return of all Sea- men out of the Service of any other Prince or State into
England in 40 days, in thefe parts of the World, allowing a twelvemonth to
thofe in the East-Indies; confirming the ufage and cuſtom of Death without
mercy, by throwing over-board fuch Carpenters and Ship-wrights as ſhould
be found in the Enemies fhips, &c. The Noble Marquefs of Worcester lately
come from beyond Seas (where his wants and diftreffes fuffered him not to con-
tinue any longer) was this Month of September taken in London, and Com-
Marg. of
mitted to the Tower, and ordered for a speedy Trial, but after confideration Worceſter t4-
of the matter, it was fuperfeded, and his Lordfhip left in that forgotten ken, and com-
durance.
mitted to the
Tower.
There had been great difcontents among the United Provinces, concerning Mutiny in
their chufing of a Statdholder, and Captain-General, which was to be the Holland.
Prince of Aurange, as was faid before; and theſe Diſorders and Misfortunes at
Sea did rather improve the Pince's Intereft (and therefore the States of Hol-
land and Frieſland prudentially bethought themſelves of a means to be rid of
both, and that was by fending a Letter tending to an accommodation into Eng-
land; which at the woift ſhould happen, would be of much advantage to them :
this came about this time after the Fight, and was in like manner anſwered as
their other Papers) fo that as de Wit went out with a Mutiny, (the Sea-men
refufing to go on Board till they were paid for their fervice already done in
this War; for which two of them were Executed at Amfterdam,and fome Burgers Some of their
fhot upon a
fudden furmife of a Refcue) fo was he welcomed home with the Seamex Exes
like uproar of the Women of Flushing, who hated him the rather, becauſe cuted.
he was a main Anti-party to the Family of Aurange, to which that Province
was always fo addicted, that though the States of Holland ſent an Embaſſie
to them, to diffwade them from their reſolution taken in favour of the Prince;
(and they hardly laboured it with Arguments of the Common Safety, and the
Nature of the War in hand, which would thereby upon all events be made
Irreconcilable) yet they prevailed not, but were difmift to the next General
Vergadering or Alfembly of all the Provinces, who had effected their defigne
in Denmarke, by making fure of that King to their Intereft, he refufing to let
the 22 English Merchant-men go away out of his Port, being laden with
Hemp, and Tar, and fuch other neceffaries for fhipping, and had recalled his
Emballadors here in England; but till their Arrival, proceeded no further than
a bare Imbargo, having brought them within the Booms of his Caftle at Elfe-
nore, for the better fecuring of them.
fent to the -
Sound, &c.
The want of thoſe Commodities (which mightily retarded the equipping
of the English Fleets) cauſed the Parliament to give order to Blake to fend A Fleet of war
away Captain Ball with a Squadron of 18 Men of War, to fail for the Sound,
and to carry a Letter to the King, defiring him to deliver the faid Ships and
Goods, to be Convoyed (for the Dane at firft pretended his care of faving them
from the Dutch) home by the faid Fleet, who in ten days time, came to an
Anchor within a mile of Elfenore-Caftle, and ſent the Letter afhore by one of
his Captains, (who was affronted by fome of the Dutch there feizing his Boat)
but
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A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
•
༣
+
Lord Hopton
dyes at Bruges
in Flanders,
September.
but received a cold Anfwer, that the King would not deliver them, and did won-
der they did approach fo neer his Royal Refidence with fo great a Fleet: which
being received, Captain Ball concluded prefently to return; but the night of
his departure, on the laſt of September, the Antelope (a new ftately built Fri-
gat, of 50 Brafs Guns) run upon a Rock on Jutland fide (by the unadviſed-
nefs of the Pilot) about three in the Morning, and was there bulged and broke
to pieces. In his return he met and took 14 Holland Fisher-men; but the Ty-
ger-Frigat, after a fight, took and Boarded a Man of War of 20 Guns, having,
killed and wounded 40 of them,and brought them all up to Tarmouth. Upon fur-
ther difpute of this detainer, which was of fuch evil confequence to our States,
it was at laft alledged by that King, that he kept thofe fhips and Goods in lieu
of thofe Moneys due to him from the late King, according to his engagement
with his Father in the German-War, for the maintenance of fo many Regi-
ments againſt the Emperor, and for other Sums accruing to him, in the right.
of his Aunt, the Mother of the faid King: and the Dutch were very willing to
be dealing and chaffering on that account, offering him the value of the Goods,
to what they ſhould be rated at there, in ready Money; or rather than fail, they
would content the English Merchants that were concerned in thofe Bottoms
and Ladings. Myn Heer Boreel was likewife inftant with the French King
at this time for a fpeedy Conclufion of a League Offenfive and Defen-
five.
Captain Pen having been recalled out of the Streights to this Service here,
Captain Badiley was fent in his place, with the Paragon, a Navy-Ship, and 3
nimble Frigats, the Phanix, the Conftant Warwick, and the Elizabeth, who
meeting with four Merchant-men from the Streights, were fet upon neer Por
tolongone in the Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spaniard, by Van Galen,
Commander of the Dutch Fleet of War in thofe Seas; and after a day and a
halfs difpute, the Engliſh being fore battered, and having by the ill managing
of the fight, by the fhips crue of the Phenix, loft that Frigat, were forced to
retire under the protection of the Fort of Longone, where the Dutch would have
fallen upon them, but were not permitted; which made the Dutch block up
the Port for a while; but the Governours Command, and another Fleet of the
Engliſh under Captain Appleton, then at Legborn, engaging of th.ir Ships away,
the two Frigats made away from Longone, and took a fhip claimed by the Ge-
noese, and brought her to their Fleet, whofe Commander was now at Leghorn,
interceding with that Duke for the liberty of Captain Appleton, there reftrai-
ned upon tome picque; for the Great Duke of Florence, in whofe tuition that
City is, was not over-qualified with refpe&t to this Republick; however, his
Intereft, and advantage of our Trade, and famous Mart there, kept him neutral
and indifferent.
The Lord Hopton, that moft Renowned General in the Weft for the King,
departed this Warfare of Life in the end of September, at Bruges in Flanders
an Heroe worthy of Pompey's diſtanced Urns, that each Region of the World
fhould have inhumed a piece of him, that his Interment might have been as
large as his Fame, which hath told the Univerſe the Glory of his Actions; buc
what is fo envied him, was direfully indulged to the Royal Caufe, and the at-
fertors of it.
Jacere, une non potuit tanta ruina loco.
All Nations and people faw and felt the wotul Effects and Confe
quences of our fubverted Monarchy, and in that overthrow nothing was
more miferable than the undeſerved Wandrings and Diftreffes of theſe
Loyal and moſt Noble Exiles, whofe Condition mindes us to attend it a little
further.
Againſt the French Kings returning in peace to his tumultuous City of Paris,
in this Month, wrought by the means and counſel of our Soveraign, He with
the rest of his Lords and Nobility, then of his Council at Paris, in great State
went out to meet him, and welcome him home to his Palace of the Louvre.
1
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England, Scotland and Ireland.
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{
}
A moſt acceptable glad Complement to that Prince, but a ſad reduction to his
own minde, of that untamable force and injury, by which he was kept out from
his Kingdoms; though now the progreſs of Providence did ſeem to verge and
difpofe events to the former courfe of the English Soveraignty: For the French
King before the Cardinals return, gave moft exprefs affurance of his utmoft af-
fiſtance to the regaining his Crowns, as foon as he had fetled his own, and
was thereby rendered capable of doing it; and the Dutch had now likewiſe
made overtures to him of efpoufing his Intereft, and had granted him already
free Ports in their Country for his Men of War to harbour in, and fell their.
Prizes they thould take; and there was every day expectation of Prince Ru-
pert to come and command a Squadron in that Service, upon the Kings ac-
count. The fame forward hopes he had likewife received from ſeveral Prin-
ces of Germany, viz. The Emperour himſelf, with whom the King had one
Mr. Taylor his Refident in honourable etteem; the Marquefs of Brandenburgh,
the Dukes of Brunswick, and Lunenburgh, and the reft of thofe Potentates:
(His Couzen the Prince Elector Palatine was yet raw in the World, having new-
ly Frankendale delivered to him by the Spaniard, who had kept it neer forty
years) as alfo from the King of Denmark A Diet was now alfo to be held
at Ratisbone, for the Election of a King of the Romans; the ouely opportune
time for him to profecute his bufinefs, for fupplies and affiftance to recover his
Rights, finding all the refpective Princes perfonally pretent. Therefore the
Lord Wilmet, now honoured upon this grand Affair with the Title of Earl of
Rockefter, (the Duke of Buckingham was defigned his Colleague) was honour- The Earl of
ed with the Embaffie thither, and proviſion made to diſcharge the State and Rocheſter to
expence of it, that the King might appear not altogether lot in the world,
or as an abject and forlorn Prince; fince not pitty of his misfortunes, but in-
dignation at his injuries, was the beft motive to his affiftance: and this becom-
ing Grandeur was in good time fet out amply and honourably enough, by
the liberal Purfe of his dear Relations, and the ſeaſonable payment of his
Money out of the French Treafury. His Lordship departed home but in Janu-
ary, and by the way of Heidelberg (where the fame Prince Elector was gone
before) arrived at Strasburgh, and was with all poffible evidence and expref-
fions of Honour and Devotion to his Majefties caufe, and prefent bulinefs, re-
ceived by that moſt Illuſtrious and grand Affembly. The Lord Wentworth was
afterwards fent in the fame Employment to the King of Denmark, and by him
welcomed and entertained with all demonftrations of love and affection, be-
coming his Relation; where the Dutch upon their engagement of faving that
King harmless from any demand, or whatſoever pretence of the English, had
engaged him to joyn in a League Offenfive and Defenfive with that State,
and to concur in any other defigne whatſoever. The King yet at Paris
amidít a hundred Careffes, Gratulations, and Treatments given him by the
King, the Queen-Mother, and all the Grandees of that Court, upon the happy
occafion of the late peaceful fettlement.
the Det in
Germany.
!
a Fleet.
The Dutch with extraordinary diligence and intent care of their honour and Van Trump
intereft in this Quarrel, had equipped another Fleet, which was now committed at Sea with
to Van Trump, (though fome rumours were ſpread, as if he ſhould be honourably
laid atide in the adminiftration of another Land-Office in the infpection of the
Admiralty) a Fleet of 300 Merchant men bound for France, and the Levant,
and thefe Occidental parts, being ready for his Convoy. Intelligence was now
likewife given him, that (as formerly the States had been informed) the
English Fleet was no way recruited, but that the mott part of that Fleet with
which De Wit Engaged, was gone into Ports, and that now Blake might be
cafily beaten in the Downs, and fo the Mouth of the River ftopt, the War
come to a period, and the Dutch have fatisfaction for the damage done them,
and Sea-Towns in England put into their hands for future fecurity, and no-
thing lefs would content Hans in this Top-gallant humour.
On the 29 of November, Trump prelented himself with 80 Men of War,
X X
and
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Part II.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
>
༔;
Blake defeated and ten Firefhips, on the back-fide of the Goodwyn again, and according to expe-
in the Downs &tation found General Blake attended with no more than forty and odd fail,
by Trump,
as if he had been ignorant how to ule his lare Victory (which came now to
Nov. 29.
the diſpute, and to be an undecided controverſie again:) yet Blake generously
difdaining to be affronted again in the Downs, having called a Council of War,
it was concluded he thould fight, though at to unequal difadvantage: but the
Wind rifing, the Engagement was hindred till the next day; and Anchoring the
night before a little above Dover-road, fair by the Enemy, neer morning both
Fleets plyed Weftward, we having the Weather-gage, and about eleven or
twelve a clock Engaged, neer the fame place where the firft Encounter was;
but not with the fame fuccefs; for half the Fleet did not Engage; the Victory,
Vantguard, and the Triumph, the Admiral-fhip, bore moft of the trufs of the
Fight, being at one time engaged with 20 Dutch men, and were forely torn in
their Rigging, Sails, Yards, and Hull; yet they tought till after it was dark;
a little b.tore which, the Garland, ( whofe venturous Captain, out of a noble
refolution, boarding Van Trump himself, was flain in the fight, and overpow-
red with his Referves: ) a Navy-fhip of the third Rate with forty Guns, was
boarded by two Dutch Flags, and taken; as likewife the Bonadventure, attemp-
ting to relieve them, its Captain Hookston being flain before the Tryumph, could
fuccour them and this was not done without great liazard; for Blake was
boarded twice, and had his Top-maſt ſhot by the board, and had not the Vant-
guard and Saphire ſtood refolutely to him, might have gone nect to be loft; the
Hercules was likewife run on fhore, and all the whole Fleet that engaged, was
miferably rent and torn, and had it not been for the night, would hardly have
come off, whereas now they retreated to Dover, and fo into the River againſt
Leigh, to fave themſelves. The Dutch Triumphantly continued where they
were, refolving to fall upon Blake with their whole Fleet and Fire-fhips the next
The Dutch Sea- day at two of the clocks but miffing of them, fent their Scouts to Harwich and
men ſteal Sheep Yarmouth, to ſee if they were there, purpofing to purſue the fame Reſolution.
In the mean time, fome of their Sea-men went afhore into Rumney-marth to
fteal Sheep; but the Troopers were in a readineſs, and killed fix of them, and
took eight more.
at Rumney.
Marsh, and
come off with
loß.
Trump neer
the Isle of
Wight.
Trump ftill continued with his Fleet plying between the Ifle of Wight and the
North-foreland, fomewhat betwixt Calice and Dungenneß, having pur afhore the
Lieutenant of the Garland and other Sea-men, who informed, that one Dutch
ſhip was blown up, and but two men ſaved; and that Trump, and another Flag-
ſhip, and de Ruyter, had received damage. Amidſt all this Fray, a rich Streights
Engliſh fhip, called the Employment, valued at 200oob l. got fafe into Harbour
at Portſmouth, being purſued by ſeven Dutch fail of Frigats. And a little be-
fore this Grand Engagement, the Diamond had more luckily light upon a Hol-
lander from Spain, laden with 100 Buts of Sack, a great quantity of Coche-
neal, 60 Bags of fine Spaniſh-wool, 2000 Bars of Silver, 400 West-India Hides,
to a great value: the Ruby and the Portsmouth had likewite fet upon two Dutch
Men of War, and were juft upon boarding of them, having diſabled their
failing; but at the very inftant, an unlucky fhot came and carried away the Ru-
by's Mafts by the Board, and put her into the fame condition, being Towed
home by the Portsmouth, and leaving the Hollanders a drift at Sea: but for
that diſappointment, fee a more fuccefsful, and defervedly famed English
Exploit.
It was related before, how the Dutch at Portolongone-fight had taken the
Phenix Frigat and brought her into Leghorn-Road, where they blockt up Cap-
tain Appleton and his Squadron; this was fuch an eye-fore to the Engliſh, as
well for the fcandal and diſhonour of it, fhe lying in view, Commanded by
young Van Trump, as alfo for the ill confequences of it, being a pattern'or mo-
dule for the Dutch to build by (for fhe was an excellent Saylor) and might
be made uſe of alfo to decoy other fhips: that Captain Cox (the former Lieu-
tenant of her) having imparted his defigne to the reft of the English, on the
twentieth
}
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Cox.
twentieth of November at night, being St. Andrews day (which is an ufual
Feafting day with the Hollander, as well as the Scot) accompanied with three
Boats, in which were about 100 men, Rowed clofe on board the Phenix, and The Phoenix'
anſwering the Sentinel that they were Fisher-men, got under her Stern, and regained, Nov:
fo by her Sides, and prefently entred and having fhut down the Hatches, and 30, by Capt.
fecured the Decks, they made towards the Great Cabin, where Van Trump and
other Captains were making merry: one of thofe with his Servants about him,
made ſome reſiſtance, and killed one with a Piftol: Trump got out of the Win-
dows in the mean while into a Boat that was tyed at the Stern, and efcaped.
'Twas an hour and a half before they had- fubdued the Dutch to a ſubmiſſion,
being nevertheleſs all the while under fail, and no noiſe, ſo much as of a Muſ-
quet (to give notice to the Datch Fleet) being to be heard, and fo carne
with her cleverly away to Naples; having killed in the Conflict nine of that
Company.
The Parliament had now conftituted three Generals, for the next years Sea- The Parlia
fervice, namely Blake again, Dean, and General Monke; and had conſtituted a ments three
Committee for the better managing of the Navy, viz. young Sir Henry Vane, Blake, Dean,
Gratrals,
Mr. Saloway, Colonel Thompson, and John Carem; and for the more vigorous and Monke.
profecution of the War, now looking with a very ill afpect towards them; but
fink that muft, they would fwim; the Tax was raiſed again to 120000l. per A Marque on
menfem (at which rate it had almoſt continued fince their Stateſhip, and out- the Taxes.
lived them but two Months.) And lo, a new Scene, the Council of State fhif
ted for the next year again, 21 of the old cuftomarily to ftand, and 20 new
ones added, that it might be ſhare and ſhare like, and every man have his Cue in
this Play of Princes.
Van Trump having thus in part effected his defigne upon Blake, who avoided
finking or ftranding by his getting into the River, plied fomewhat more Weft-
ward betwixt Calice and Dungenneß, and there met with fome Englifh fhips
come from the Barbadoes, wherein were moft of the Goods and other things
belonging to the late Governour for the King, the Lord Willoughby of Parham;
and fo leifurely croffing up and down the Channel to Guernsey Island (on which
it was voiced they had concluded an attempt, having examined a Maſter of a
Barque belonging to the place concerning its Ports and Havens) intending there-
by with Fleets of War to impede altogether our Navigation. And fo confi-
dent were they grown by this fuccefs, that they reported their General wore a The Datch Bras
Broom in his Main-top, intimating that he would ſweep the Narrow Seas of vadoes,
all Engliſh ſhipping; who in this Rant and Vapour arrived at the Ile of Rhee,
to stay there for his re-convoying the Merchants from thofe quarters.
The States of Holland were not more perplext about their admiſſion of a
Stadtholder, than ours were cunningly and imperceptibly undermined, by a
(would be) Protector; who to leave no Competitor to that fingle Greatneſs
he graſped at, and was to lay hold on, very dexterously quitted his fears trom
thole dangers his ambition of being a Monarch did fo fairly invite, from the
indubitable Right, and ncer affumption, and afcent to the Throne, of Henry
The Duke of
Duke of Gloucester, whofe claim and perfon was ready against his intrution, ucelter
and at hand upon any fuch occafion. On the 17 of December, he carried a fent away from
Vote of Tranfporting him beyond Sea, on pretence of leffening the charge of Carisbrook to
the Commonwealth all which thould now allow him a pittance, and that Dunkirk, Feb.
quamdiu fe bene gefferit, as long as he ſhould pleaſe them, and not keep his Bro-
ther company which condition was fure to difcharge their fine Exhibition be-
fore any payment would come about. Accordingly in February tollowing they
fent him away to Dunkirk from his Prifon at Carisbrook, ( where none but a
Barber and a forry Tutor attended him, belides Anthony Mildmay his Keeper)
where he was very joyfully received, and thence conveyed to Bruffels, where he
had further grandeurs and civilities done him, and brought thence in the Prin-
cels of Aurange's Coach, to Breda in Holland, to the great joy of the Royal
Family, who every day feared his Life from thofe Bloody ufupers. Soon after
X X 2
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A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Lords Lang-
Conducted into he had enjoyed the Company of his Sifter, he was conducted into France by
France by the the Lord Langdale, and the Lord Inchiqueen, to vifit his Mother, his Royal
Brothers, and the Princeſs Henrietta, whofe delight and content in the fruition
of him, as one rifen from the Dead, I will not be fo bold as to take upon me
to express.
dale and In-
chiqueen.
deaux was
December.
Some while before his arrival at Dunkirk, and jult upon the news of his-
leave and difmiffion out of England, the French King had by the advice of the
Cardinal Mazarine (who was returned in great ſtate to Court and Council,
being accompanied by most of the principal perfons of that Kingdom, and
more particularly by the Duke of York, who was in high Reputation in the
Army, and met by the King of France himſelf out of the Town) notwith-
ftanding all the perfwafions and obftructions that were uſed by the Queen-Mo-
ther of England, and her Intereft in that Crown, fent hither Monfieur Bour-
The French En- deaux Neuville, (a creature of the ſaid Cardinals) his Envoy hither to the
voy M. Bour- Parliament, who delivered his Letters to them on the 14; but the Superfcrip-
the State, &c, tions not being as full and as ample as other Princes were, they were returned
again unbroken up to the Embaffador, who having others by him (as was fup-
pofed) prefented them ſhortly after; which were well received, and an An-
fwer promiſed to be with all ſpeed returned. The Portugal Embaſſador ( who
had been in Treaty here about the Damages done the Engliſh in 1649.) came
now to a conclufion thereof; and there remaining 15500l. in difference betwixt
Him and the Parliaments Commiffioners, upon his fubmiffion, and reference
of it to the Parliament, they defaulked and abated the faid fum, as a token of
their refpect and good will to that King. M. Bourdeaux's Negotiation was
molt abominably refented here, as well as abroad, for a piece of the un-
civileft policy the French were ever guilty of; but the Cardinal could not be
fecure, nor better ingratiate with the Traffiquers and Traders, which confifts of
the Commonalty, who had fuffered more by English Sea-Rovery, than by
a Peace here; the Superfcription of thofe Letters being a meer Fallifie, and a
preſent ſatisfaction to the delires of the faid Queen.
The Portugal
Emballador
concludes.
1
The Dutch Lion was now Rampant, and roaring out Proclamations and
Placaets againſt bringing in any English Manufactures, or holding correfpon-
dence with us; as if he had the Prey under his Paws, and were fure of Victory :
all Princes were made acquainted with this late fuccefs, which loft nothing by
carrying, and their Friends and Allies encouraged to come in and take part of
The Dutch for the Ipoil; and to Friend and Foe, they peremptorily forbid by a Declaration
bid any to fup- the fupply of the Engliſh with any Utenfils or provifions of War; and Trump
ply the English had already ſeized eleven Lubeckers, laden with Eattland Commodities, preten-
with provifions
ding to Ostend; by which Lubeckers and Hamburgers, most of the Holland-Trade
in fingle fhips was difguifed, fo that the English thips refolved to feize all thofe
that ſpoke IA, without any Shiboleth or diftinction.
of war.
Three of their
Hamburgh
Ships laden
with Plate ta-
ben.
A High Court
of Fultice in
Ireland.
Upon this score, three Hamburgh fhips, laden with Plate, coming from Cadiz,
were brought into Plymouth, though they pretended to be bound for Flanders,
and that the Money belonged to the King of Spain, and was configned for the
pay of his Armies: immediately upon notice of their Seizure, the Spaniſh Em-
bailador at London made application by a ſpecial Audience in Parliament for
their delivery, and did moft induftrioufly follicite and profecute the fame; but
the Wealth was too confiderable, and of as great concernment to their occafions
in this Dutch War, as the Spaniard could alledge any; and therefore they re-
mitted the Examination of the buſineſs to the Judges of the Admiralty, where
it proved a molt tedious Affair; one Mr. Violet a Goldsmith, and Profecutor
for this State, engaging himſelf moft bufily, in procuring their adjudication for
lawful Prize.
In Ireland the High Court of Justice was now erected and in Circuit ; the firſt
place of their fitting being at Kilkenny, where the Grand Council of the Re-
bels in 1641. had their Retidence; and thence to Waterford, Corky, Dublin, and
Ulfter, They were attended and fate in very great State, neer the pattern
in
1652.
333
England, Scotland and Ireland.
•
in England, with 24 Halberdiers in good Apparel for their Guard, and all o-
ther Officers futable. The Prefident of this Court was one Juſtice Donelan, an Faftice Done-
Iriſh Native,pickt out on purpoſe for the greater terrour of the Delinquents; lan Prefident
to whom as aſſiſtants were joyned Juftice Cook, the Infamous Sollicitor againſt thereof.
the King, (whom they would have moſt wickedly, and by all abominable
artifices (by urging and foothing their Priſoners to confefs as much) entituled
to that Rebellion; but found not by all their fcelerate practiſes what they
fought for) and Commiffary-General Reynolds: many perfons were by theſe
Several perfons
Condemned; fome of the chief whereof, as Colonel Walter Bagnal, Colonel Condemned.
Tool, Colonel Mac Hugh, and a greater number of leffer Quality, fuffered Death;
Bagnal being Beheaded, a manner of Execution not uſual in Ireland: the Lord
Clanmallero, the Viſcount Mayn, and fome others eſcaped; but the Nation was
was fo generally ſcared, and in ſuch a fright, that happy was he that could get
out of it for no Articles were pleadable here; and againſt a Charge of things
done 12 years before, little or no defence could be made; and the cry that was
made of Blood,aggravated with the expreffions of fo much horrour,and the no lefs
daunting aſpect of the Court, quite confounded the amazed Priſoners, ſo that
they came like Sheep to the flaughter, which had been fuch ravenous Wolves in
preying upon the Lives of the poor unarmed Engliſh: but the Spanish Army
was fo full of them, and their late revolt at Burdeaux to the French fide made
them ſo ſuſpicious, that thereafter they became very unwelcome Auxiliaries ;
and upon that account the Lord of Muskerry, who had according to Articles
Tranſported himſelf, came back again to Ireland without leave, and was taken
and committed to Dublin-Caſtle, and ſome while after Tried at the fame High Lord Musker
Court of Justice. Sir Phelim O Neal, that great and prime Ringleader of the ty taken, and
Rebellion, was likewiſe betrayed by his own party in February following at Ul- committed to
Dublin Caftle.
fter neer Charlemount, and brought Prifoner to the Lord Caufield's houfe, whofe sir Phelim
Father he had treacherously Murthered; and fent with a Guard to the fame O Neal the
place, and Hanged and Quartered. Infomuch that all Ireland was now whol- great Rebel
ly reduced for Colonel Barrow had taken moft of the places in Ulfter, fave hanged, &c.
what Forces were skulking in the Faftneffes, and made a kinde of thieving War,
and that was yet very defperate. Captain Gibbons with 100 men ftaid in Ker-
ry, where the Irish out of fear and diftruft of any prefervation or favour from
the English, rofe in Arms again: there remained too the Island of Enisbuffin,
whofe Forces had in December, to the number of 500 in Boats, fallen down
upon the Ifles of Arran, Garrifoned by an English company of 150, under a
Captain, who upon the first Summons rendred the Fort in that Ifland upon leave
to depart, for which he was condemned to dye, and the Officers under him Ca-
fhiered.
To recover this Ifle, being of confequence to the peace of the Neighbouring
Country, Commiffary-General Reynolds was ſent with a fufficient Force, and
likewife to reduce Enisbuffin. At his approach to Arran, it rendred to him upon
the first Summons, as betore it was lott, on the 15 of January; where he left
ſome ſhips for the better fecuring of it, their abfence being the occafion of the
lofs of it before; and fo marched to Eni buffin, but with more haft than good
ſpeed, 300 of the Van of his Forces being cut off: but the Island being blockt
up, Colonel Cufack the Governour accepted of the ufual Articles for Tranſpor-
tation, and Surrendered that place. Never were any Christian people or Na- The Condition
tion in ſuch a wretched condition as thoſe Irish, who from a vain conceit of ob- of Ireland.
taining their Liberty, and ſhaking off the English Yoak by their Rebellion,
now found it fer cloſer and harder on, fuffering the very extremity of Revenge,
and the dregs of Rage, from a merciless Conquering Enemy, to whom firſt the
crying Sin of their barbarous Maffacres, and then their contempt of the Kings
Authority when received among them; and laftly their fatal divifions among
themſelves, cauſed by their Fryers and the Nuncio-party, had given them o-
ver.
As to the Priests, they were by Proclamation, upon pain of Death, Ba- The Priefts
niſhed for ever out of the Kingdom, as the like had been done lately before Banhed.
in
?
1
334
bis Officers
beep a Fast.
Seamens Wages
raiſed.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
but
in England, and many of them had already been ſnapt by the Irish High Court
of Justice.
The Parliament were no way infenfible of the Damage and difgrace they
Cromwel and had fuffered from the Dutch in the Downs, ( and to minde them the more of
it, Cromwel and his Officers kept a Faft by themselves upon that occafion,
added other caufes, viz.. the delay of the new Reprefentative, according to the
old ftrain) and therefore thinking the meannefs of their Pay might dishearten
the Seamen from ſerving in the Fleet, they raiſed their Wages from 19, to 24
fhillings a month, and a0 Nobles for every Gun in any fhip they fhould take
from the Enemy, with other advantages as to the fhares of the Prizes: and the
better to defray this allowance, they ordered the Sale of Somerſet-houſe, Windfor-
Caftle, Greenwich, Hampton Court Vaux hall in Lambeth,& Cornbury-Park. Forthe
invitation to which purchaſes, and all other Forfeited Lands, they had abated the
intereft of Moneys from eight to fix per cent. that the advantages of laying
out their Money with them, might appear to the Ufurer, who by fuch Bar-
gains could not get lefs than 50l. per cent. provided it would laft, and the
Lands continue in their poffeffion. Thofe Houfes notwithstanding eſcaped, by
the hinderance and artful delays of Oliver Cromwel, who defigned them for his
own greatneſs and State in his projected Supremacy. He was now debating
in Council with his Bafhaws about the very fame matter, and the Parliament
fell preſently upon the Bill to prevent him and his Armies defires for the fame
Reprefentative, and offered fair, January the fifth. :
The Kings
Houfes of
Hampton
Court to be
Cold, &c.
Moneys there
upon at fix per
cent.
Agent Brad-
ſhaw to Co-
penhagen.
The Danish Embaffadors had in the beginning of October departed England',
and by the way viſited Holland, and continued their Journey by Land home;
where upon their arrival, that King had declared himſelf for the Hollander; yes
the Parliament hoping to reclaim him, and the want of thoſe Merchandizes
he had ſeized urging them to it, fent Bradshaw a bold fellow like his Kinfman
who preferred him, to Copenhagen from Hamburgb, where he relided with that
City as their Agent. He came to the Court before Chriftmas, but was delayed
Audience till after the Holy-daies and when he had it granted, it was to fo lit-
He is affronted the purpofe, and of fo great danger to him at his return, he being betides affron-
and in danger. ted highly in the ſtreets, that he wifht himself quit of his Employment, and
at home again. At his requeft for a Guard to convey him back, and his pay-
ment of them, and paffing by-ways, and over feveral Waters, he at laft in much
fear (being certainly way-laid) recovered Hamburgh, whence he fent the Par-
liament an account of his fruitlefs: Negotiation, (for the goods were unladen
and fold, and the Merchants Books of Accompt feized, and in the Kings hands)
defiring alfo the repayment of thofe Moneys he had disbursed, for the carrying
the Matters and Scamen of thoſe ſhips to Lubeck and thole parts, being not
able to stay in Denmark any longer; where a Comet newly appeared, the effects
whereof were very vifible in thofe calamities that prefently began in this
and the Swediſh War, in which that King was defperately Engaged.
The Dutch had been Commanded to Sea from Porto Longone fome while be-
fore, by the Spaniſh Governour, ſo that the Engliſh fhips were at liberty; and
Badiley was now at Leghorn, of whom the Great Duke demanded the Phanix
to be rettored to the Dutch, at their inftance to him, as taken in his Port; which
being refufed, he commanded that thofe Englith Chips that then lay within the
Mole, being fix in number, fhould put to Sea within ten daies: the debate had
lafted a good while before this refolution, which the Duke faid he could not
in juftice and by the Law of Nations deny to the Hollander; the event of
which we will prefently relate.
At home the Dutch were ftill far perter, Songs, and by. words, and Pictures,
made of this Englith defeat; the names of the thips difcanted upon that were
taken, as ominous to us, having lolt the Garland, &c. and the like devices:
this the Vulgar: the Great ones were confulting of fending a Fleet to ſeize all
our America-Iſles, and to Lord it there, as their Ships did in the Streights and
de Wit was also now almost ready to put to tea, with another Feet of 40thips,
n
and
1652.
335
England, Scotland and Freland,
1
returns
and Van Trump was ordered to come away fpeedily, with fuch Merchant-men
as were re dy to fet Sal, and Anchor at the Thames mouth, and block up
General Blake, and the Fleet that was there ready: but he came too late to ef
fect its for on the 8 of February, from Quinborough, the General fet fail with English under
about 60 men of War, intending to joyn with 20 more from Portſmouth; fuch Blake at Sea.
a Force, and of fo fudden a rife, that the Dutch found themfelves much de-
ceived in their defigne abroad, and Conclufions at home. On the 11 of Fe-
bruary, the Portſmouth-Fleet, the Wind blowing Eastward, joyned with the
General at Beechy head, and thence failed over againft Portland, where they lay
a cross the Channel, half Sea over, to difcover Van Trump on either Shore he
fhould pafs by. On the 18th, juft at break of day, the Southermoft hips, a- Van Trump
mong whom was the Admiral, having General Dean aboard alfo, defcryed the
Dutch Ships, being betwixt three and four hundred Veffels, clofe by the channel, Feb.
through the
Land, betwixt them and Portland; and immediately the Engliſh made what
fail they could towards them; and Van Trump having recollected his Ships of
War, did the fame: About eight a clock in the Morning, the Triumph with 12
fhips more (for all the Fleet could not get up) Engaged Board and Board: Portland-fight
the Triumph was hardly put to it, and was as gallantly relieved by Captain Law- Feb. 18, be-
fon in the Fairfax, for which Service he was much looked upon afterwards; tween Dutch
Both were lamentably ſhattered, and loft 100 men out of each fhip; it being
and English.
Trump's refolution and Command, if poffible, to have carried them both the
Vantguard plaid her part here again, but loft her Captain Mildmay, as the Tri-
umph loft her Captain Ball, and Mr. Sparrow the General's Secretary; Blake
was wounded in the Thigh with a piece of Iron a Shot had driven, and Dean's
Coat and Breeches torn therewith; the Profperous, a fhip of 44 Guns, was
boarded by the Dutch, but prefently covered by the Merlin Frigat, Comman-
ded by Captain Veſſey: the Aſſiſtance, the Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squadron,
was difabled in the very beginning of the Fight, and was brought off to Portf
mouth, whither followed the Advice, being not longer able to keep the Sea. The
Dutch loft fix Men of War taken and funk, the Rigging of thofe that were
taken being beſmeared with Brains and Blood in a moft terrible manner:
Night coming on, they parted. Saturday-morning they were feen again,
being judged feven Leagues off Weymouth, and over againit Dungenneß, whi-
ther the English plied, and in the afternoon began the Fight again, the Fri-
gats fetching upon them, while the whole Fleet came up: Trump now had put
his Merchantmen atore him, and fought retreating towards Buloign, in his way
whither, the Engliſh Frigats at large, fnapt many of his Merchants, and Cap-
tain Lawſon boarded a Dutch Man of War, and carried her, and brought her
to the Downs. Sunday-morning the Dutch were at Bulloign, where the Fight
began again, but with little effect., and in the dark Trump flipt away (having
fent his Merchant-men before) to Calice-fands, where he Anchored that day
with forty fail, (the Wind lying croſs at N. N. E. but no further diſpute or
encounter happened) and thence Tyded it home, whither a Fleet of 100 fail
from Roan, Guarded by ten.Men of War, had flipt through the Channel a little
before, during the Fight) having loft in all eleven Men of War, and thirty
Merchants, 15co killed, and as many wounded. On our fide we had one ſhip,
named the Sampfon, thot through and through, and the Captain Button woun-
ded, was funk by him in the fight, the men being faved aboard other Veffels.
Though it could not be diffembled that the Dutch had the worst of it, yet Van
Trump was highly magnified for his good conduct, eſpecially for his bringing
off the Fleet from Calice, which argued the Engliſh had no more minde to fight,
as they faid in Holland. It was a ftiff bout, efpecially the firft day, and both
English and Dutch did very gallantly, more especially our Red-Coats, who Stoutly main-
were put on board for want of Sea-men, did moft gallantly and undauntedly ther fide.
behave themſelves, perpetually firing and keeping their Station, in all danger
either of Fire or Water, fo that halt of the Victory belonged to them; there
being little odds on either Side, fave that we were the cleaner, being newly
1
Tallowed
tained on ci-
1
**
7
7
337
A Fight at
Leghorn,
March 2.
The English
worsted.
Prince Mau
rice drowned
in the Weft-
India's.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part II.
Tallowed and trimmed, and juft fet out to Sea. Several Collections were made
in the Weft Country of Money and Linnen for the maimed and wounded
Sea-men and Souldiers, and Provifion made for their Reception into Hof-
pitals.
The next Encounter we had with this Enemy, was off Leghorn; for Captain
Appleton (according to the Duke's Command) now put to Sea, divers Vo-
luntier English freely adventuring themſelves on board for their Countries Ho-
nour, the whole Coaft being filled with Spectators to fee the Combate; for the
fecond of March was the longeft day allowed for their ftay in that Port: Now
it was agreed between Captain Badiley and Appleton, that as foon as Appleton
fhould fee the Dutch fet fail after him, for he was come from Porto Ferraio
with 9 fhips and a Fire-fhip, that he ſhould come out and make halt to joyn
with him. Accordingly as foon as Badiley appeared, and the Dutch made
femblance of making to him, the Wind blowing off the Shore, he weighed and
came out; which the Dutch obferving, they ceaſed their profecution of Badiley,
and turning the Helm, failed directly upon Appleton, not any way to be relieved.
by Badiley as the Wind ftood; who fufpecting the event, with all fpeed got
off to Sea and away, left when that Encounter was over, the whole brunt would
fall alfo on him. Nevertheless thefe fix fhips refolved to make a ftout refi-
ſtance, being in fight of that City and Country where their Reputation had
been hitherto nobly maintained: in the very firft Engagement the Henry Bonad-
venture was unluckily blown up, by a ſhot from Van Galen the Dutch Admiral,
that came into the Powder; the Sampson (another of the fix) was Boarded
on both fides, and Entred by young Van Trump, and afterwards fired by a
Fire fhip, the Peregrine was fet upon by four Dutch Men of War, and having
her Mafts ſhot by the board, was entred and taken; the Levant having fought
four hours fide by fide with two Dutch Flag-fhips (one whereof was the Vir-
gin of Enchuyfen) was like wife taken; but the Mary (amidſt the Smoak and
confufion of the fight) got clear away, there remained only now the Leopard,
a Navy-fhip of 50 Brafs Guns, who after fix hours fight with Van Galen him-
felf, and another Flag-fhip, by Name the Sun and the Julius Cæfar, after a
great flaughter was commanded by Appleton to be blown up, to prevent the
coming into the Enemies hands; but the Marriners fecuring the Gunner, and
forcing him to yield, the fhip was poffeft by the Dutch, Van Galen having loſt
one of his Legs in the fight, whereof foon after he died. There were taken
Priſoners in this fight 400, one hundred whereof were wounded (among them
was Captain Wood of the Peregrine) who were fet on fhore and at liberty, and
care taken by the English for their return home and recovery.
Prince Rupert had been Sea-faring about the Caribbe Ilands with ſeven or
eight fhips, and had taken four or fix Prizes, but loft his Brother Prince Maurice
by a Hurricane, either at St. Christophers, or neer the Ifle of Tortudas, where-
abouts the Prince had carefully expected him fome two Months; but not hear-
ing of him (for Death had Tranſported him to farther Regions, and left no
accompt of that moft Excellent Perfonage, eminently beloved for his Conduct,
Valour, and Civility in our late War, and whoſe great Actions well deſerve a
particular Hiftory; fo that though his Death be unknown, yet his Life and the
Renown of it is famous, and the Glory of it Proclaimed throughout the
World) he fet fail from thofe unfortunate Iflands, and arrived at Nants in
Prince Rupert
arrives in
Britany.in March, with the Swallow, and a Prize laden with Tobacco, and a lit-
France, Mar. tle Frigat, and foon after his Arrival fell Sick; but happily recovering, he
was invited to Paris, and Complemented by the French King, who fent the firft
Gentleman of his Chamber to falute him, and highly and cordially welcomed
by our Soveraign yet in that Court, where now the whole Royal Family were
very neer met together.
Monfieur Boreet Embaffador from the Queen of Sweden (being the third
within the ſpace of a year) arrived in England about the fame time, and other
Letters came again from the States of Holland and Weft-Friezfland to the Parlia
ment,
1652.
337
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ment; the Dutch at the fame time meditating on a ſpeedy Peace, and a potent
carrying on of the War, having prohibited the Greenland-Voyage again for that
year, and making all Expedition to fet de Wit with another Fleet to Sea; the De Wit at fea
Ballance of Victory ſtanding ſtill in equilibrio, for what was loft in the with another
Channel, was gained in the Streights; and 'twas concluded, they that could Fleet.
raiſe moſt Men and Ships, would be fure to carry it. And their firſt deſigne
was now upon our Colliers, the great Nur fery and Seminary of Sea-men for The Dutch de-
the Service, whom if they could intercept, being about 150 fail, and but ten figne of weak-
Men of War for their Convoy, the Work was done. A Fleet of 20 great fhips ng us by ta-
and fome little Frigats was diſpatcht firft, and de Wit followed; which first tiers.
king our Col
Squadron having been deſcryed by the Colliers at Sea, they with their Convoy
put into Scarborough, and there under the protection of that Caſtle, and new
Platforms raiſed to gall the Dutch if they approached (which was well per-
ceived by them) they Anchored till the Dutch drew quite off (having pre-
tended it twice before) upon the coming of Vice-Admiral Pen with his Fleet
that way.
The year ends with.the releaſe of Sir John Gell, and fome Scotch Prifoners sir John Gell
out of the Tower, among whom was Mr. Robert Douglas ; and fubmiffion of the and feveral
Lord Iniskillin, Colonel Conzer, and Mac Guire in Ireland, upon the ufual Scots released
Terms of Transportation, and an A& Conftituting John Bradham their bold and others pre-
from the Tower,
Prefident and their great Favourite to be Chancellor, and Bartholomew Hall one ferred.
of the Lord Whitlock's Dependants to be Atturney of the Dutchy of Lancaster,
that they might do ſomething for their Friends before they dye. And lo a
Revolution.
!
+
Y y
A
:
1
}
}
1
:
338
}
Part III
A
CHRONICLE
OF THE
CIVIL WARS
OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND.
THE THIRD PART:
BEING
The Protectorate.
N
Anno Dom. 1653.
Ow to the reproach of Fortune, and her glorious Pa-
geant of an English Commonwealth, which ſhe had fet
up for another Wonder in the world, to brave the Py-
ramids of Stone, Coloſſus of Braſs, as to the defence of
Times injury, having fubdued all likelihood or appear-
ance of danger from without (all Princes being ready
to entertain their Friendship :) See the frailty of this ftru-
&ture, the undermines, and the cheating deceitful labour
of their Architect and prime Workman in the Ground-
work of this Republican Fabrick.
That Foundation was laid upon the Ruines of Monarchy, the feeds whereof
being laid in the King's Death, through a four years corruption of time, reared
its Head now, though with a forced and precoce blade (a fading verdure that
beſpoke its unfeaſonablenefs and fudden perifhment in the Family and Perfon
of this ufurper) and exerted it felf afterwards in the Hundredfold Fruits of
an yielding and obedient people to their Rightful Soveraign.
It was perceiveable now what Chimera's were in the projection of the
Com-
{
.
"
1653.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Commonwealth, which had fo many ambitious and covetous Mafters, every one
of them managing his defigne,and ftretching it to the fame meaſure of perpetuity;
Sons and Nephews being brought into the Parliament, and the fame Relations
upon the fcore of Inherent Merit brought into the Army, and thefe intereffed-
ly oppofite and contrary to one another; the Single felf ( to the reducing of it
to Monarchical Regiment in this very Democratick torm) being folely inten-
ded; fo that it was little labour for Cromwel with his Inftrument in his Hand
to charm the feveral divided Factions of that Individuum vagum, there being
no other cement or obligation of their holding together, but that glutinous
and ſticking Guilt of the Kings Blood; and all places of Command and Pro-
fit were already in the Hands of his Friends and Favourites, without any quarrel,
or indeed without any perceivance of his Grand defigne, which as it had wor-
ried the Kingdom to the deftruction of the King, fo was it after to weary them
with another Parliament, by their barbarous and ftrange proceedings, and fo
recommend himself to the People.
He indeed took a very happy juncture for the Execution of it, juft as the
Scale of the Dutch difference was turned, and Victory was inclining to the
Engliſh, and when a very potent Fleet was out at Sea, and the Moneys at the
rate of 120000l. per menfem was juft coming in, and their Exchequer and o-
ther Receipts pretty full with the feveral Incomes, Forfeitures, and Revenues:
and as to his affurance of it, he wanted not any affiftance, the Army onely his,
and a third part of the Parliament joyning with him in his Confpiracy; which
yet was a rash and hazardous venture. There had been no Law nor Govern-
ment before; now even Prudence and Wifdom forfook the Grandees and Prin-
cipals in the proceeding Rebellion.
For it was then clearly and truly judged, that the fetting up of this private,
and indeed debaucht Perfon and Family in oppofition to the King (the memo-
ry of whoſe fuper excellent Vertues, Gifts and Graces, and His cruel Martyr-
dom, were yet recent) and His Heirs, would prefently ruine the Ufurper: for
it being like to prove a War betwixt the Crown and Jack Cade, it was rightly
concludible, that no longer than his Rebel-rout could be maintained and kept
together, could it be expected that Oliver's bloody houſe could ſtand.
The profperous Rebel never boded this, nor did he think it within his confide-
ration: his great aims were upon the Parliament, an impotent and feeble Crue
that flood upon his Crutches, and yet threatned to beat him with them; fuch
Mafters of Defence they were. This made him forfake his Wiles and Fabian
delays, and with his Sword riddle the Oracle of this Delphick Parliament by its
diffolution.
*
339
Fate never played fuch a frolick prank, nor was there ever fuch a Scene of
Mirth in all her Mazes and Varieties of Government. Nor often do wicked
great men furvive the infamy and diſhonour of their Actions, and live the in-
tamous obloquic and reproach of themſelves: but as if God would invert the
threatned puniſhment of the breach of the fifth Commandment, thefe unex-
ampled parricides were decreed to outlive the defire of Life, and to ſee all their
Greatnels buried, their Reputation abroad, and their Dread at home, fallen in-
to fuch Ignominy and Difgrace, that it was turned to a Ballad, * in the moft Twelve Par
Cummy and vileft Language conceivable; and this ſo all of an inſtant and fud- liament-men
den, that the Portugal Embaſſador, who then attended them here, faid, That for a penny,
his Matters affumption to that Crown in 1640 was very ſpeedy and miraculous,
but this Revolution did far exceed it, both as to the bloodlefsnefs and ftilnefs
of it; it ſeeming to be done as in a dream, fo pititully and abjectly did theſe pet-
ty Princes behave themſelves in this rencounter, which happened on the 20 of
April, in this manner.
Oliver himſelf, attended by Major-General Lambert, Harriſon, and ſome 8
more Officers (having after ſeveral conferences with their Committees ( who
thewed him the danger of calling a new Reprefentative, as the cafe then flood
with the Commonwealth, for that no Qualifications could füfficiently fecure
Y y 2
the
340
Part II:
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
i
-}
The manner of
the Intereſt thereof; and that the onely way was to recruit the Houſe, which
could judge of fuch Elections by their own Authority) received no fatisfa-
Ction) entred the Houfe, (fome Members being made privy to his defigne be-
fore, especially Sir Gilbert Pickering, who had held confultation the night be
fore with him, and was up armed in his Chamber till the very time) and after
a Speech therein, fhewed the reafons and neceffity of their Diffolution, did de-
clare it to be ſo, and defired them to depart and prefendly Major-General
diffolving the Harrison peremptorily bid the Speaker to leave the Chair; which he refufing to
do without the Order of the Houle, and till he was pulled out, Harriſon defi-
red him to lend him his Hand, and gently heaved him out. Crommel alto com-
manded that Bauble (as he called the Mace) to be taken away, and to be car-
ried no more in State before him and fo having turned them out of Doors,
lockt them up, and clapt Guards before them, and about all the Avenues of the
Palace, to keep thefe Spirits out from poffeffing it again.
Parliament.
A Declaration
of the General
and Council of
Officers about
the Diffolu-
tior, &c.
The news of this Luciferian fall, was quickly fpread throughout the City,
and from thence into the Kingdom, being related and received with all ima-
ginable gladneſs, while the Members flunk away, muttering to themſelves the
affront they had received, and laying their Heads together how to retrieve
themſelves; for loath they were to fuffer this violence, or acknowledge their
Diffolution, which they would by no means hear of. But what ever they fan-
cied to the contrary, raving at this boldneſs and audaciouſneſs of their Servant,
as they ftiled Cromwel, he minded it not, but went on in his work.
The Govemment (ſuch as it was) was now lodged in the Council of Offi-
cers of his own making and preferring, and the first thing done by them after
this new Model, was the emitting of a Declaration from him and his Officers,
fhewing the grounds and reaſons of this Diffolution of the Parliament, with
an account of their Intentions as to the prefent and future Government of the
Nation: which that it may appear by how flender a Thread the Sword of this
Lawless Commander hung over the Heads of thofe Parliament-Tyrants, is very
requifite to be inferted, it holding forth the prefent intrigues of Cromwel's de-
fignes and method of Ambition.
O
our
Vr intention is not to give an account, at this time, of the grounds which first
moved us to take up Arms, and engage our Lives and all that was dear unto
us in this Caufe; nor to minde in this Declaration the various Difpenfations through
which Divine Providence hath led us, or the witneß the Lord hath born, and the
many fignal Testimonies of acceptance which he hath given to the fincere endeavours
of his unworthy fervants, whilst they were contesting with the many and great dif-
ficulties, as well in the Wars, as other tranfactions in the three Nations being ne-
ceffitated, for the defence of the fame Cauſe they firſt aſſerted, to have recourſe unto
extraordinary actions; the fame being evident by former Declarations published on
that behalf.
After it had pleafed God not onely to reduce Ireland, and give in Scotland, but
fo marvelously to appear for his people at Worcefter, that thefe Nations were redu-
ced to a great degree of Peace, and England to perfect quiet, and thereby the Par-
liament had opportunity to give the people the Harvest of all their Labour, Blood,
and Treafure, and to fettle a due Liberty both in reference to Civil and Spiritual
things; whereunto they were obliged by their Duty, their Engagements, as also the
great & wonderful things which God hath wrought for them: it was matter of much
grief to the good and will-affected of the Land to observe the little progreß which was
made therein; who thereupon applied to the Army, expecting redress by their means y
notwithstanding which, the Army being unwilling to meddle with the civil Authority
in matters fu properly appertaining to it, it was agreed, that his Excellency and Offi-
cers of the Army, which were Members of Parliament, fhould be defired to move
the Parliament to proceed vigorously in reforming what was amif in Government,
and to the fitling of the Commonwealth upon a foundation of justice and righte-
oufneß; which having done, we hoped that the Parliament would feafonably bave
answered
!
1652.
341
England, Scotland and Ireland.
answered our expectations: But finding (to our grief) delays therein, we renewed
our defires in an bumble Petition to them, which was prefented in Augult laſt; and
although they at that time, fignifying their good acceptance thereof, returned us
thanks, and referred the particulars thereof to a Committee of the Floufe, yet no
confiderable effect was produced, nor any fuch progreß made, as might imply their
real intentions to accomplish what was petitioned for; but on the contrary, there
more and more appeared amongji them an averfion to the things themselves, with
much bitterness and oppofition to the people of God, and his Spirit acting in them ;
which grew fo prevalent, that thofe perfons of Honour and Integrity amongst them
who had eminently appeared for God and the Publick good, both before and through-
out this War, were rendred of no further uſe in Parliament, than by meeting with
a corrupt party, to give them countenance to carry on their ends, and for effecting the
defire they bid of perpetuating themſelves in the ſupream Government. For which
purpose, the faid party long oppofed, and frequently declared themselves against bs-
ving a new Repreſentatives and when they saw themſelves neceffitated to take that
Bill into Confi leration, they refolved to make use of it to recruit the House with per-
fons of the fame Spirit and Temper, thereby to perpetuate their own futing. Which
Intention divers of the activest among them did manifeft, labouring to perfwide
others to a confent therein: And the better to effect this, divers Petitions prepa-
ring from ſeveral Counties for the continuance of the Parliament, were encouraged,
if not fit on foot by many of them.
it
For obviating thefe evils, the Officers of the Army obtained feveral Meetings
with ſome of the Parliament, to confider what fitting means and remedy might be
applied to prevent the fame: But fuch endeavours proving altogether ineffectual,
becare most evident to the Army, as they doubt not it alfo is to all confidering per-
fons, that this Parliament, through the corruption of fome, the jealoufie of others,
the non-attendance and negligence of many, would never answer thoſe ends which
God, hus People, and the whole Nation expected from them, but that this Cauſe
which the Lord bath ſo greately bleſſed, and bore witneß to, muſt needs languiſh
under their Hands, and by degrees be whily loft, and the Lives, Liberties, and
Comforts of his people delivered into their Enemies bands.
All which being fadly and ſeriouſly confidered by the honeſt people of this Na-
tion, as well as by the Army, and Wiſdome and Direction being fought from the Lord,
it feemed to be a duty incumbent upon us, who had ſeen jo much of the power and
prefence of God going along with us, to confider of fome more effectual means ta fe-
cure the Caufe which the good people of this Commonwealth had been fo long eng 1-
ged in, and to eſtabliſh Righteousneß and Peace in theſe Nations.
And after much debate, it was judged neceſſary, and agreed upon, that the Su-
pream Authority should be by the Parliament devolved upon known perfons, men
fearing God, and of approved Integrity, and the Government of the Commonwealth
committed unto them for a time, as the most hopeful way to encourage and counte-
mance all Gods people, reform the Law, and adminiſter Justice impartially, hoping
thereby the people might forget Monarchy, and understanding their true Interest in
the Election of fucceffive Parliaments, may have the Government fetled upon a true
Baſis, without hazard to this glorious Cauſe, or neceffitating to keep up Armies for
the defence of the fame.
And being still refolved to use all means poſſible to avoid extraordinary courſes,
we prevailed with about twenty Members of Parliament to give us a Conference",
with whom we freely and plainly debated the neceſſity and justness of our Propoſals
on that bebalf, and did evidence that thofe and not the Act under their Confi- & An Act for
deration, would moji probably bring forth ſomething answerable to that Work, the filling up the
foundation whereof God himself hath laid, and is now carrying on in the World.
The which notwithstanding found no acceptance; but instead thereof, it was of-
fered, that the way was to continue still this prefent Parliament, as being that from
which we might reaſonably expect all good things. And this being vehemently in-
fytedupon, aid much confirm us in our apprehenfions, That not any love to a Repre-
fentative, but the making uſe thereof to recruit, and ſo to perpetuate themſelves,
was their aim.
They
Parliament.
P
L
*
}
"
t
342
3
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III
They being plainly dealt with about this, and told, that neither the Nation,
the boneft Interest, nor we our felves, would be deluded by fuch dealings; They
did agree to meet again the next day in the Afternoon for mutual fatisfaction it
being confented to by the Members prefent, that Endeavours should be used, that
nothing in the mean time fhould be done in Parliament that might exclude or fru-
Strate the Proposals before mentioned.
Notwithstanding this, the next Morning the Parliament did make more haft than
ufual in carrying on their faid Act, being helped on therein by fome of the perfons
engaged to us the night before, none of them which were then prefent endeavour-
ing to oppose the fames and being ready to put the main Question for confummaring
the faid Act, whereby our aforefaid Propofals would have been rendered void,
and the way of bringing them into a fair and full Debate in Parliament obftru-
ated.
For preventing whereof, and all the fad and evil confequences which must upon
the grounds aforefaid have enfued, and whereby at one blow the Interest of all bo-
nest men, and of this glorious Caufe, bad been endangered to be laid in the Dust,
and thefe Nations embroyled in new Troubles, at a time when our Enemies abroad
are watching all advantages against us, and fome of them actually engaged in War
with us; We have been neceffitated, though with much reluctancy, to put an end to
this Parliament; which yet we have done, (we hope) out of an honest beart,
preferring this Cause above our Names, Lives, Families, or Interefts, bor dear
foever; with clear intentions, and real purpoſes of heart, to call to the Government
perfons of approved fidelity and honefty; believing, that as none wife will expect to
gather Grapes of Thornes, fo good men will bope, that if perfons fo qualified be chofen,
the fruits of a just and righteous Reformation, fo long prayed and wished for, will
(by the blefing of God) be in due time obtained, to the refreshing of all thofe good
bearts who have been panting after these things.
Much more might have been faid, if it had been our defire to justifie our felves by
afferfing others, and raking into the Mif-government of affairs; but we shall con-
clude with this, That as we have been led by Neceffity and Providence to act as we
bave done, even beyond and above our own thoughts and defires; fo we shall and do,
in that of this great Work which is bebinde, put our felves wholly upon the Lord for
a Blessing profeffing we look not to stand one day without his fupport, much less to
bring to pass any of the things mentioned and difired without his affistance: And
therefore do folemnly defire and expect, that all men, as they would not provoke the
Lord to their own destruction, should wait for fuch iffue as he shall bring forth, and
to follow their buſineſs with peaceable ffirits; wherein, we promise them protection
by his offistance.
And for thiſe bo profiß their fear and love to the Name of God, that feeing in
a great meaſure, for their fakes, and for Righteouſneß fake, we have taken our Lives
in our band to do thefe things they would be instant with the Lord day and night
on cur behalfs, that we may obtain Grace from him : And ſeeing we have made jo
often mention of his Name, that we may not do the least dishonour thereuntoi
which indeed would be our confufion, and a stain to the whole profeſſion of God-
lineß.
We beseech them alfo to live in all Humility, Meekneß, Righteousness, and Love
one towards another, and towards all men; that fo they may put to filence the Ig-
norance of the Foolish, who falfly accufe them; and to know, that the late great
and Glorious Difpenfations, wherein the Lord hath so wonderfully appeared in bring-
ing forth these things, by the travel and Blood of his Children, ought to oblige them
fo to walk in the Wisdom and love of Chrift, as may cause others to honour their hely
Profeffion, because they fee Chrift to be in them of a truth.
We do further purpose, before it be long, more particularly to shew the grounds of
our Proceedings, and the Reasons of this late great Action and Change, which in
this we have but hinted at.
And we do laftly Declare, That all Judges, Sheriffs, Justices of Peace, Mayors,
Bayliffs, Committees, and all other Civil Officers, and Publick Ministers whatso-
ever
1
1653.
343
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
ever, within this Commonwealth, or any parts thereof, do proceed in their re-
frective Places and Offices; and all persons whatsoever are to give Obedience to
them as fully as when the Parliament was fitting.
White-ball, the 22
of April, 1653.
Signed in the Name and by the Appointment of
his Excellency the Lord-General, and his
Council of Officers.
William Malyn, Secret.
The next thing they published, was an Injunction to all the Officers and
Souldiers in the Army, forbidding them to make any diſturbance in Churches,
or affronting of Minifters and people in Congregations; which was done to
gain them an opinion of Religious Piety and Zeal for the Worſhip and Service
of God, now frequently profaned by the Sectarian Principles of Anabaptifm,
Quaking, and Ranting, (the two later whereof began to fpread about this
time, and be very infectious in the Army and their Quarters) which were licen-
fed among the Souldiery, who were every where drawn together to Rendez-
vouzes, to fubfcribe Addreffes to their General, declaring their approbation of Addreffes to
what he had done to the Government, and promifing to affift him in his un- Cromwel.
dertakings with their Lives, with their hopeful expectation of the great and
glorious Work to be accomplished by him, to the building up of Sion, &c. The
like he received from the Fleet upon the news of the Change communicated to
them, who refolved with the fame courage to proceed against the common E-
nemy the Dutch; Vice-Admiral Pen being now in the Downs with feventy fail Vice-Admiral
of ttout Men of War, and General Monke and Dean expected with fome more Pen in the
of the Weltern fquadron, with which they now Anchored at Saint Hellen's
Point.
The first Forrain Addrefs that was made to this DICTATOR, (for fuch
another Regiment was that of Lucius Scylla and C. Marius amongſt the Romans,
for by that term of Authority he is bit diftinguithed) was from the Agents of
the Rebel-City of Bourdeaux, (then maintained by the Prince of Conti againſt
the French King) while his Embaffador Bourdeaux was here for a Peace; whoſe
offering a more advantageous Treaty to the Intereſt of Cromwel, was one occa-
fion of crushing that tranfaction; and Cromwel befides was ready to Prince
it himself; and thofe Examples were no way to be encouraged by him.
Downs, with
a Fleet of 70
fail.
A Council of
The Dictator having held the Supreme Power fome few days, devolved it Cromwel
by a Declaration to a Council of State; (his ignorant conceited Officers foar- Dictator.
ing fuch flights, and fuch their extravagant notions of Government, and their
pertneſs in them, that made him quickly weary of fuch Counſellors or Compa-
nions:) theſe were partly the greateſt Officers in the Army; as Lambert, Dean,
Harrison; and partly Members of the late Parliament, (among whom the
Lord Fairfax was by name now lifted into this Juncto) and fome other new
Gameſters of Cromwel's Cabinet-Counſel. At the latter end of this Declara-
tion, he limited the time of their power till the perſons of known Fidelity and
Honeſty ſhould meet, according to the nomination & appointment of his Coun-
cil,to take upon them the Supream Authority; and in the interim,to this Council
all obedience upon Peril was required, and all Juftices and Sheriffs, and other State..
Officers were ordered to continue in their respective Commiffions and places,
and Writs to run in the fame ftile, of the Keepers. of the Liberties of England.
The first work this Council did, was the publiſhing of an Ordinance for fix
months Affeffment, from the 24 of June, and was obeyed in all points like an
Act of Parliament, and better welcomed than any of the late ones, for its de-
creaſe of the Tax to a confiderable tall; another Artifice to gain the people:
but the Treafuries were now reaſonable full by the Providence of the Parlia-
The Town of Marlborough was reduced almoft to Alhes April 28, an
ominous Commencement of this Incendiaries Ufurpation, whofe red and fiery burnt, Ap.28.
Nofe was the burden of many a Cavalier-Song.
ment.
This
Marlborough
344
Part III
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
7
!
Lord Digby
honoured with
the order of the
Garter.
Ulfter-forces
mit.
ſub-
This turn and Tranflation of the Government was very acceptable news to
the King at Paris, his Friends and Counsellors faluting and complementing him
with the infallible hopes of his Reftitution by thofe means; and much Jollity
and Gladness there was concerning it, and many Treatments given the King.
The Earl of Bristol, late Lord Digby, was now honoured with the Order of
the Garter at Paris, and great expectation there was of a fuccessful Iffue of
the Earl of Rochester's Negotiation at the Diet at Ratisbone, and of potent af
fiftance from other Princes His Allies and Confederates, among whom the
Dutch were now reckoned not the leaft confiderable; General Middleton be-
ing on his Journey thither to Treat with them about furniſhing an Expedition
into Scotland, where he was to Command in chief: but the Dutch having of-
fered a Treaty at any neutral place, which was now refuſed by Cromwel except
at London, they would not preſently Engage, till that Iffue was known. The
King of Denmark now alſo publiſhed his Manifefto againſt the Engliſh, and
declared a War, and Rigged his Fleet, and fecured and ftrengthned his Caftles
againſt any attempt of their Fleets, if they thould approach fo neer as they had
done when Captain Ball commanded a Squadron thither the end of laft Sum-
mer. In Ireland, the main of the Forces of Ulfter under the Command of the
Lord Iniskellin, Colonel O Rely, and Mac Mahon, and Mac Guire, yielded, and
ix Ireland fub. put an end to that War, May 18, upon the old Articles for Tranſportation.
On the 4 of May, Trump with 80 Men of War fet fail again from the Texel,
to meet a Fleet of 200 fail from Nants and other parts in France coming round
about by Ireland, and to fecure other fhips from the Eastland laden with Cor-
dage and other Ship-materials and neceffaries, which the Nants Fleet being
ready for him, he nimbly effected, miffing of our Engliſh Navy, who having
Rendezvouzed at Humber-mouth, failed to Aberdeen, and fo to Shetland, and
thence paffed over to the Danish Shore, where they had intelligence that Trump
had difpatcht his errand by that lucky meeting of his Nants Fleet, and had re-
turned for Holland: whereupon they preſently fteered for England; but before
their arrival in any Port, Van Trump having quitted his Merchant-men, and de-
livered them late, to the great rejoycing of the Dutch, came inttantly into the
Downs, with a refolution to fire and icize all fuch Ships as were before Dover,
there being no Guard nor protection neer them; and on the 26 of May, mif
fing of his aim, rantingly battered Dover with his whole Fleet all that day, to the
Alarming of all the Coaft adjacent, while the English Fleet, having viſi-
ted the Coaft of Holland, put them into no lefs confternation and wonder how
we were able to Equip and Man 100 fail of War-fhips in fo fhort a time, and
in fuch a distracted condition of State. Next day Trump having laid his
Scouts abroad to get intelligence of the English Fleet, as alfo to intercept all
Trade and ſhips coming into the Downs and River, Anchored on the back of
the Goodwyn; Generals Monke and Dean being in Yarmouth-Road, and General
Blake fitting himſelf to joyn with them; for Trump Itayed in his Station.
the fecond of June in the Morning, the English Fleet difcovered them, and a-
bout eleven or twelve a clock Engaged them, and Fought till fix at Night :
in the beginning of the fight, and the hirft Broad-fide, General Dean was fhot
almott off in the Middle by a Cannon-Bullet, as he ftood by General Monke,
who without any difturbance bad his Servants and Seamen to remove him, and
continued the Service without further notice of the accident. Of the
Dutch fide an Admiral was blown up, the Captain Cornelius Van Velfo, and
Captain Bolter's fhip and three more funk; which made Trump fail for the
Dunkirk-Coaſt between, and fome of his fhips over the Flats, in hope to firand
the Engliſh upon the purfuit, and in cale the great fhips fhould with more heed
defitt from the Chafe, that the nimble and formoft Frigats being too far Enga-
ged, and that without fuccour from them, in thoſe Shallows might fall with-
out recovering into his hands, by his turning upon them with his ableſt and
lightett Veffels, of which he had ftore, and ſo eſcaped that night.
Trump in the
Downs, ha-
wing given the
English a go-by.
Engaged by
Gen. Monke
and Dean,&c.
June 2. Gen.
Dean flain.
On
In this days fight, Rear-Admiral Lanfon fo Engaged with de Ruyter and two
other
1653.
345.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
other Flag-fhips, and part of their Squadrons with his, that Trump was forced
to come in to his Relief, with other of his beſt ſhips, whilft the ordinary Men
of war were catcht up and Boarded; there being fix more reckoned taken and
Tunk in the night whereof, Tramp by good Piloting made to the Coaſt atoreſaid
over thofe Shallows; but the Engliſh found them again, and Engaged them a-
bout eight in the Morning, (General Blake being now joyned with them,
with a Squadron of 18 more Men of War) and continued till eleven or twelve,
when the Dutch began to flye for it, and Van Trump to hire at thofe fhips that
ran; but they being not to be ftaid, run all into a huddle, which made them an
eafie prey, by reafon of their confufion; ninety Men of War being fo ming-
led one with another, that they could not come to do any Execution upon us,
without greater damage to themſelves. This lucky purſuit was continued till
night, and fome fifteen more fhips taken; and had day lafted, few of them had Trump defea
eſcaped. Trump now fteered S. and by E. with a freſh Eaſtward Gale, it has ted, June 2, 3.
ving been calm before; and General Monke E. N. E. to Zealand, and came to
an Anchor at ſeven Fathom water, and found the Dutch Fleet arrived at Blac-
kenburgh, one of thoſe places of ftrength pawned to Queen Elizabeth for fecu-
rity of that affiftance in men and money the afforded thofe States. Van Trump laid
the misfortune of this Defeat upon the ignorance and unskilfulneſs of his Cap-
tains. And thus ended this Dutch Bravado upon our Coaft, and in the Downs,
where they had firſt attempted the tryal of ſtrength,and to wreft the Sovereignty
of the Seas; to the fo breaking of their Stomacks, that a refolution for Peace and The Dutch bang
Agreement was preſently taken up, and a Veffel with a white Flag, and a out a white
Meffenger to prepare the way for two Embaffadors, was fent into England:
fo uncertain and ridiculous is the greateſt Humane confidence!
The Council of State now iffued out Summons for the Parliament-men the
Officers had nominated and preſented to Cromwel, being perfons of Integrity
and Fidelity to the Commonwealth, as the project was, becauſe there was no
choice could be made by the Country without apparent hazard to the good
Cauſe fo long contefted tor, for that the difaffected would creep in; and there-
fore this extraordinary Proceeding was to be Authorized by the fafety of the
people, the Supreme Law. This was Sophiftry in the Parliament: it was the
highett reaſon now with Oliver, though the moſt palpable and bold fubverſion
of the English Freedom that could be imagined; but Oliver had the Sword,
and thought he gratified the people another way in exchange, by freeing them
from the Task-mafters of the Parliament, than whom, with the Old Woman,
they thought they could not have worſe, whoever came next.
And that the new Commonwealth and its friends might fee that there was
no good to be done by a Parliament after the utmoſt experiment of it, and to
prepare the greater acceptableness of his Image of Government; (which had
the Brafs, the Iron, and the Clay to its Compofition, in its riſe, maintenance
and periſhment) he gave them a taſt and fight of the grofs and moſt abſurd
destructive errours of this Pureft Convention, men differenced from the rest by
the Character of Nathaniel, being without Guile; to whom he directed this
Paper.
}
Flag, and ſend
A
Meſſenger to
the English, in
order to a
Peace.
A new Parli.
ament called.
Forafmuch as upon the Diffolution of the late Parliament, it became neceffary The Summons,
that the Peace ſhould be provided for; and in order thereunto,divers perfons fearing
God, c. and of approved Fidelity and Integrity, &c. are by my felf and the
Council of Officers nominated to the Trust, &c. and having good aſſurance of your
Love, and courage for God, and the Intereft of his Caufe and good people: I Oliver
Cromwel, Captain General of all the Forces raiſed, and to be raiſed within this
Commonwealth, do require and Summon You being one of the perfons no-
minated, to appear in the Chamber commonly called the Council-Chamber in White-
hall in the City of Westminster, on the 4 of July, there to stake upon you the Truſt,
&c. to which ye are called, and appointed a Member for the County of A.
And theſe good men and true refolved to come together and give their Verdia
against the Publick.
11
A
}
(
346
Part III:
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
*
7
New Scotch
Troubles.
The Dutch
Trade at a
stand.
The laſt Dutch
Engagement
between Gen.
Monke and
Van Trump
A good juncture now offered it felf to the Scotch Nobility, and the Loyal
Party their adherents, to redeem themſelves and Country from the flavery of
their new Maſter, a great deal more coftly and abfolute than their Kirk-Rulers,
as having no other Communion with this, than in the perillous concerns of Per-
fon and Eftate: The chief of thefe Nobles were the Earls of Glencarne, Sea-
forth, and Athol; the Lairds Mac Cloud, Mac Renalds; the Frazers; the
Lord Kenmore, the Earl of Kinoule, though at prefent a Prifoner in Edenburgb-
Caſtle, from whence he, Colonel Montgomery, and Lieutenant-Colonel Peter
Hay very nearly afterwards efcaped into this Party. They had lately received a
Commiffion from the King, (and in Parties appeared up and down) in order
to their railing new Levies, which they encreaſed to fome competent numbers,
expecting additional fupplies from beyond Sea, and their Friends in the Low-
lands, and fome Engliſh Auxiliaries; of all which, and the Velitatory War
made by them, hereafter in its place expect an Abſtract and Epitome. Nothing
remarkable in Ireland but the raging of the Plague, which followed the Sword,
and accompanied the High Court of Justice; as if no affliction could fatisfie for
the Barbarous Wickedness of that Nation; on whom notwithſtanding it fell
not alone, but ſpread it ſelf afterwards into the Engliſh Quarters, and carried
away a great number of people." Colonel Sullyman was now defeated in Ker-
ry, and his Major Fitz Gerald taken Prifoner; and the Tranfplantation now
begun.
The Engliſh ſtill lay upon the Coaſt of Holland, (having for a while refreſh-
ed themſelves at Soal-Bay) into whofe Ports and Harbours, upon the purfuic
as far as the Texel, they had driven and ſcattered the Dutch Fleet; which had
fo brought down the ftomacks of the Hollander, that that Province having as
before fent away a Boat with a white Flag, with a Meſſenger for a Paſport and
a Safe-Conduct for two Embaffadors; and having obtained it, fent away the
Lords Youngstall and Vande Perre, to follow two others newly gone before.
Thefe arrived the 20 of June, and had Audience the 22, their Meffage being
of ſuch importance: for every day their Merchant-fhips were taken coming
home, and there was no ftirring out for any, fo that there was an abfolute Cef-
fation there of Trade,no leſs than 30 ſhips of good lading having been taken by
our Fleet riding up and down about their Havens. But this expedited and the
more hastily and intently carried on their preparations for War, if Peace ſhould
not be preſently concluded; the major part of their Fleet being put into Zealand
and that Coaſt, was new Rigging there, and fome new fhips off the Stocks, and
this Van Trump ſuperviſed: another new Fleet was equipping at Amſterdam,and
that De Wit took the care and charge of: the Marriners Wages (though there
was no other Employment for them) were now raiſed: the Lords States
themſelves came down to the ſeveral Ports, and ſaw the men imbarqued, to
whom they gave Money in hand, and took them by it, requesting of them now
to do valiantly for their Country; and telling them, that if they fought well
this time, they ſhould fight no more: and for the better incitement, and to ſee
every man do his duty, two of the States went on board a nimble Frigat, to be
preſent at the Fight, now with all 1peed refolved on; and in confidence of fuc-
cefs, this Fleet was Victualled for five Months, which time it ſhould continue
abroad, blocking up our Harbours in like manner as we did theirs; for as yet
in Forrain Courts and Countries they would not confeſs we were too hard for
them, and this bout would rectifie all, and adjuſt their Stories.
This happened in the end of July; it having been fo ordered, that both the
Fleets under Van Trump from the Weilings in Zealand, and De Wit from the
Texel, fhould meet upon the Engagement: General Monke with the Engliſh
Fleet lying as it were in the mid-way. On the 29 of July, the Scouts a Head
on the Coast of difcovered this Dutch Fleet, whereupon the General made after them; but they
Holland, July ftanding away for De Wit, it was five a clock at night ere any of our Frigats
got up to them, when they appeared to be 90 fail of Men of War, and ten
Fire-ſhips: about 7 that night, General Monke (aboard the Reſolution) got up
29.
to
1653.
347
England, Scotland and Ireland.
to them, with ſome 30 fhips and Frigats in all, and charged through their whole
Fleet; when it beginning to grow duskiſh, the Maſters adviſed the General not
to ftand to them again that night for fear of the Fire-fhips: but the noble Ge-
neral turning himself with indignation towards them, commanded them in
fonie difgraceful, but more unproper terms, that they fhould To um again,
for, faid He, The very Powder of the Gans of this Ship is able to blow away a
Fire-fhip from it; and fo they tackt about, and through the Dutch again: in
which by a Ball from the Enemy (both Fleets being clofe to one another) the
Mizen throuds of the Refolution were fired, but quickly put out again by the
courageous Activity of one Captain Jofeph Taylor, then affifting and ftanding
by the General. Nothing of more remarque was done that night, fave that
the Garland with the Enemy received much prejudice, being known and faluted
by every ſhips Broad-fide, though the Dutch had altered her Decks: and ſo the
Engliſh ftood to the Southward, and Van Trump to the Northward that night,
and joyned with De Wit, and withal got the Weather-gage, by reafon his failing
Northwards was no way fufpected by our Fleet.
་
The next day there being much Windy and foul Weather, both Fleets could
not Engage, the Sea was fo high, but found it a difficult work to get off of a
Lee-fhore, which was fo much the worfe to the English, being on an Enemies
Coaft; but a moft gallant delightful fight it was to fee the two Fleets fo neer
one another, plying their Sails, fill'd with as much Revenge and defire of En-
gagement, as with thofe envious Gufts that kept them afunder. But next mor-
ning being Sunday, the Weather proving fair, and little Wind, July 31, both
Fleets Engaged again in a moſt terrible Fight; the Dutch animated with the
equal if not the inclinable fuccefs of Friday, and the Engliſh loth to conteft fo
long for a refolved Victory, as if three days were always to be the apportioned
time of their labour in Conqueft. It is impoffible to give a diftinct account of
this Battle, in Fire and Smoak, Board and Board, for eight hours together in-
ceffant. The Garland was the firſt diſabled, and the Dutch Fire-ſhips notably
managed their bufinefs: the Andrew, Victory, Triumph, and Rainbow, the great
ſhips (at whom the Dutch fpight was greateft) being fo endangered, that
out of the Triumph (which was fired by one of them) ſeveral of the ſhips
crue threw themfelves into the Sea; but others of better fpirits (remaining be-
hinde ) with great gallantry quenched the Fire, and gave a merry occalion of
a Civil Law or Admiralty-Controverfie, Whether the Chefts,Goods, and Cloaths
(which those that flayed in the fhip had got on) of thoſe that deferted it, and
when the danger of the Flame was paft got in again, fhould belong to the pre-
fent Poffeffor, who refufed to d'off or re-deliver them to the former owner,
who was much troubled to fee other men in his Apparel. The Victory (in
which was Captain Lane) was foutly befet with a Vice Admiral and two o-
ther Flemish War-fhips, and fo diftreffed, that another Dutch Vice- Admiral (in
an East-India-fhip of 60 Guns) coming up by her Quarter, and mistaking the
Condition as well as Refolution of that Captain, proffered him Quarter, and
bid him yield; which was anſwered with the thanks of a Broad-fide, that funk
the Dutch-man immediately by his fide. No lefs gallant fervice did the Speaker-
Frigar, fo well known to the Dutch by the name of the Paters and truly
there was nothing but the antient glory & right of the Englith to be Superiors to
that Nation, which differenced the valour of both; fince had the Dutch fought
upon a jufter Quarrel, Fortune might have been as equal. Befides, the Death
of their Admiral (the brave Van Trump) in the beginning of the Fight, by the
fhot of a Mufquet-bullet in his left Pap, mainly contributed to their Defeat: Van Trump
His Flag, the Original of the War, was trucken with a fhot; and whether they flain, and the
would not, for a figne to their Fleet to revenge his Death) or could not Dutch defea
make it ſtand, there was no fuch Enfigne the greatest part of the Fight; which ted, July 31.
having continued trom feven in the morning till one or two in the afternoon,
the Dutch at lalt gave out and fled towards the Texel, having but one Flag
flanding aniong them, the English Frigats purſuing them; the fmalneſs of fome
ZZ 2
whereof
348
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
t
whereof made an Admiral-fhip turn the Helm, and ftand to them and Engage;
but juſt upon his Boarding of one of them, the biggeft Frigats came in and took
the Dutch-man, whofe Commanders with Lights in their Poops (for day was
fo far ſpent in the Chace) recovered the Texel, and the English not daring to
venture too far upon that Coaft, rode fome fix Leagues that night over against
it, having loft two ſhips, the Oak, who periſhed by fire, thruſting her felf be-
tween,to preferve the Rainbow from a Fire-fhip; and the Hunter-frigat, an Eng-
lifh Fire-thip, who attended the orders of the Real-Admiral Lawfon, whofe
behaviour this day, alfo of Vice-Admiral Pen, was very noble and Renowned:
moſt of the Fleet were maimed in their Rigging, Shrouds, and Mafts ; eſpecial-
ly the Merchant-men, (whofe Captains having withdrawn themſelves former-
ly from the brunt of the Engagement, to fave their Owners, were now tranſ-
ferred to one anothers Commands, and fought here ftoutly,) eſpecially the
May-flower was terribly battered, and hardly able to keep above Water: but
the greateſt loss was of Commanders, whofe Names and their respective Ships
out of which they were killed and wounded, were as followeth.
The Dutch loft, and had Burnt and Sunk 26 Men of War; 30 were firft
reckoned, but two of that number got into the Elbe much torn, and two into
Zealand; the particulars of whofe Captains taken Priſoners were as follows;
the reft were loft beyond our reſearch, for the Dutch would never publiſh
them.
Andrew,
Golden Cock,
Engliſh Captains Slain.
May-flower-Merchant,
William,
Profperous,
Phanix,
Captain Thomas Graves,
Capt. Edmund Chapman.
Capt. John Taylor.
Capt. William Newman.
Capt. Crifp.
Capt. Owen Cox, that took her from
the Dutch before.
And 500 Common Souldiers Slain.
1
Engliſh Captains Wounded.
Triumph,
Lawrel,
Dragon,
Portland,
Afurance,
Captain Peacock,
Capt. John Stokes.
Capt. John Seaman.
Capt. William Rous.
Capt. P. Holland.
Tulip
"
Capt. Jofeph Cubit.
>
And 800 Common Souldiers Wounded.
Dutch Captains taken Priſoners, the Slain unknown.
Cornelius Evertfon, Vice-Admiral of Zealand, and Captain of the Zealand-Ly-
on, 28 Guns, and 130 men, Sunk.
Glauſe Johnson Zanger, Captain of the Westcappall, 26 Guns, and 104 Men,
Sunk.
Andrew Fomeen, Captain of the Concord of Zirick-Zee, 22 Guns, 100 Men,
Burnt.
Gerbion Scotter, Captain of the Golden Dolphin, 30 Guns, 110 Men, Sunk.
John de Hayes, Commander of the Garland, a fhip formerly taken from us by
the Dutch, 44 Guns, 180 Men, Burnt.
It is ſuſpected there were more Captains Priſoners, but they were not diſcovered.
At least 4500 Dutch flain and wounded; and it was certain, of 120 Sail, there re-
turned but 90 into the Texel.
To
1
1653.
349
England, Scotland and Ireland.
T
To honour and recompence the defert of the Generals, and the Vice-Admi- Gold Chains
ral, and Rear-Admiral, and their Flag-Officers, the Parliament ordered them and Meddals
refpectively Gold-Chains, and to all the Officers and Captains Meddals of Gold. ordered by the
Parl, to be gi
Provifion and Maintenance was likewife ordered for the Widows and Children ven to the chief
of thoſe that were flain; as alfo care taken for the Wounded, the moiety of all commanders
Hoſpital-revenues applied to their particular Cure, as likewife the Tenths of all and Officers.
Prizes formerly belonging to the Lord-Admiral; and laftly,as an acknowledgment
of this Victory, a Thankſgiving on the 25 of August, managed by Owen and A Thanksgiv
ing appointed.
Cradock.
The Dutch had given their Reward before, having ordered 1000 l. befides
the ſhip and furniture, to thofe that ſhould take the chief Admiral, other Admi-
rals 600l. their Flag-fhips 400 l. and 100l. to thofe that with a valiant and
courageous hand ſhould take down the Admiral's Flag, and ſo proportionably;
but none of theſe Payments were ever claimed, for the attempt was found more
unfeaſible. The Dutch got upon the Steeples at the Hague, and other high
places about Scheveling, and ſaw ſomething of the Fight, which they fancied
to their advantage; but the perfecter fight at Amſterdam undid their belief:
notwithstanding the English prefently leaving their Coaft, heightned them to
a vapour, that it was an equal Combat; and they gave it out accordingly.
General Monke having ftaid 12 Leagues to the Weftward of the Texel fome
three or four days, failed for Soal-Bay again, and met upon the Engliſh Coaſt
with a terrible Storm, to the endangering the Fleet, but especially fuch fhips as
were ſhattered; and thence ſome while after fent away Vice-Admiral Lawſon
to the Coaſt of Holland, while De Wit was got ready, and to Sea and home
again, with a Fleet of 60 Sail of War, to fetch home 300 Merchant-men from
the Sound, from the East-Indies and all parts of the World, (the Sound being De Wit con-
the appointed Rendezvouz of them all) and brought them in ſafety home, to the veys a great
Fleet from the
no little rejoycing and Triumph of the Dutch Merchants, and to the affwaging Sound.
the publick diſcontent at their late defeat. The States had been in election of a
Lieutenant-Admiral in place of Van Trump, and at laft agreed upon the Lord
Opdam, one that had been a Colonel of Horfe in their fervice, and of good Lord Opdam
Conduct and perfonal worth, whom, in imitation of the Engliſh, they choſe made Liente-
to this Sea-employment. Trump's Funerals were ordered to be folemnized in Bant-Admiral
ia place of Van
the beginning of September, when he was Interred at Delf in great State, becom-
Trump, who
ing fo great a Captain, the honour and defence of his Country, in which he was Interred at
nobly fell. A perfon of great affection to the Family and perfon of our King, Delf in great
and very much an Engliſh-man in all things but his Nativity. Of fuch an in- State.
tereft in this War, that with him it begun, and with him expired, he being the
foul that actuated it throughout. In his glorious Urn we will depofite there-
fore this Hiftory and Record thereof, and re-affume the mention of the Dutch
in more friendly and amicable language: but it is very neceffary to look firft
homewards, and retrofpect the elaps'd fitting down of Oliver's Juncto at West-
minſter.
According to their Summons, on the fourth of July, the Members of appro- Little Parlia
ved Fidelity, &c. met at the Council-chamber in White-ball, where Crommel in ment met July
a zealous Speech, much to the purpoſe of his Declaration, and the occafion of 4-
the prefent meeting, ftuft with various citations of Scripture ( I am loth to
nauſeate the Reader with any more of his Harangues at large) to his (but far
from the purpofe; devolved the fupreme Trutt, which they tranſlated into
more common English, adjourning themſelves after a fhort Conſultation to
Westminster, aud giving themſelves the Title and Authority of the Parliament
of England, voting Mr. Francis Roufe for their Speaker, but with a Collateral
Vote, that he fhould continue in the Chair no longer than for a Month. They Roufe their
were perfons for the moft part of fuch mean and ignote extractions, that fo far speaker.
were they from being taken notice of by the Shires each of whom but two
or three repreſented, that they were ſcarce known in the very Towns they were
born, or afterwards inhabited, till the Excife, then Committees for Sequeftra-
Mr. Francis
tion,
350
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
tion, and the War in the refpective Counties, made them infamously known.
The reft were of his Partifans in the Parliament and High Court of Justice i
and for credit-fake fome two or three Fanatick Noblemen, (excepted always
the latent honour of the Renowned Monke, Howard, and Montague) and fome
Knights, and amongst them, for honefty fake, Sir A. Afhley Cooper, though for
all thofe Titles and Generofities, it was better known like it felt by the Name of
Called Bare- Barebone's Parliament, whofe Chriftian-Name was Praiſe God, a Leather-feller in
bone's Par- Fleetſtreet, a Brownift, or fuch kinde of Separatift from the Church of England,
long before the War, and now a Member in this Convention, into which thefe
Evocati had adopted Cromwel, Lambert, Harriſon; Thomlinson, and Desborough ;
becauſe forfooth none of the Army would intrude, and generally none to be ad-
mitted, but fuch of whom this Houſe ſhould be ſatisfied of their real Godlineſs ;
and this by a preliminary Vote, July 5. Thefe frangers to our Ifrael, but Pro-
felytes of the Good Caufe, and Jewish in every other refpect, fince they obtained
the Name of a Parliament, are as well worth a fhew, as the other a Ballad: and
thefe are the Names of the Monſter.
liament, a
Leather-fellers
Name in Fleet-
ſtreet, one of
the faid Con-
vention.
The Names of
Berks.
the Parliament Samuel Dunch.
men.
Devon.
Huntington.
George Monke, one of the Edward Montague.
Thomas Wood.
Vincent Goddard.
Generals at Sea.
John Carew.
Thomas Sanders.
Christopher Martin.
Bedford.
Nathaniel Taylor:
Edward Cater.
Buckingham.
George Fleetwood.
George Baldwin.
Cambridge.
John Sadler.
Thomas French.
Robert Castle.
Samuel Warner.
Cheſter.
Robert Duckenfield.
Henry Berkenhead.
Four Northern Counties.
Charles Howard.
Robert Fenwick,
Henry Dawson.
Henry Ogle.
Cornwal.
Robert Bennet.
Francis Langdon.
Anthony Rous.
John Bawden.
James Erifey.
Francis Rous.
Richard Sweet.
Dorfet.
William Sydenham.
John Bingham.
Effex.
Joachim Matthews.
Henry Barrington.
John Brewster.
Chriſtopher Earl.
Dudly Templer.
Gloucefter.
John Crofts.
William Neaft.
Robert Holmes.
Southampton.
Richard Norton.
Richard Major.
John Hildefly.
Hertford.
Henry Lawrence.
William Reeve.
Hereford.
Derby.
Fervas Bennet.
Nathaniel Barton.
Wroth Rogers.
John Herring.
Stephen Pheasant.
Kent.
Lord Viſcount Lifle.
Thomas Blount.
Wiliam Kenrick:
William Cullen.
Andrew Broughton.
Lancaſter.
William West.
John Sawrey.
Robert Cunliff.
Leicester.
Henry Danvers.
Edward Smith.
John Prat.
Lincoln.
Sir William Brownlow.
Richard Cuft.
Barnaby Bowtel.
Humphrey Walcot.
William Thompfon.
Middleſex.
Sir William Roberts.
Augustine Wingfield.
Arthur Squib.
Monmouth.
Philip Jones.
Northampton.
Sir Gilbert Pickering.
Thomas Brook.
Norfolk.
1653.
351
England, Scotland and Ireland.
!
Norfolk.
Robert Jermy.
Tobias Freere.
Ralph Wolmer.
Henry King.
William Burton.
Nottingham.
John Oddingfels.
Edward Clud.
Oxon.
Sir Charles Wolfley.
William Draper.
Somerset.
Thomas Dickenson.
Thomas St. Nicholas.
Robert Blake, one of the Roger Coats.
Generals at Sea.
John Pyne.
Dennis Hollifter.
Edward Gill.
London.
Robert Titchborn.
Dr. Jonathan Goddard.
Rutland.
Edward Horseman.
Salop.
William Bottrel.
Thomas Baker.
Stafford.
George Bellot.
John Chetwood.
Suffolk.
Jacob Caley.
Francis Brewster.
Robert Dunkon.
John Clarke.
Edward Plumstead.
Henry Henley.
Surrey.
Samuel Highland.
Lawrence March.
Suffex.
Anthony Stapley.
John Ireton.
Samuel Moyer.
John Langley.
John Stone.
Henry Barton.
Praise God Barebone.
Wales.
William Spence.
Nathaniel Studeley.
Bushy Manfel.
James Philips.
John Williams.
John St. Nicholas.
Richard Lucy.
Warwick.
Wilts.
Sir Anthony Ashly-Cooper.
Nicholas Green.
Thomas Eyre:
Worcester.
Richard Salwey.
John James.
York.
George Lord Eure.
Walter Strickland.
Francis Lafels.
John Anlaby.
Hugh Courtney.
Richard Price.
John Brown.
Scotland.
Sir James Hope.
Alexander Bredy.
John Swinton.
William Leckart.
Alexander Jeffries.
Ireland.
Sir Robert King.
Col. John Hewson.
Col: Henry Crommel.
Col. John Clark.
Daniel Hutchison.
Vincent Gookyn.
Such an Affembly, or Trim Tram, was very unlikely to fettle the Nation,
who though they expected all mifchief imaginable from them, yet could not
forbear with the Sun in a Cloud to fmile at their ridiculous unhappiness. In-
deed it was but a Cloud, for it foon vanifhed and difappeared at the form of
Oliver's furious Ambition; and therefore there needs not much more to be
faid of it, than Aſtrologers do of Comets and Eclipfes, who reckon onely their
continuance, which was from the 4 of July, to the 12 of December, in which
theſe angry products were viſible.
Firſt, an A& for Marriages by a Juftice of Peace, (having been in debate by Alt for Mar-
the Long Parliament) the Banes to be publiſhed in the Market three feveral riages.
days, and the words of that Sacred Ordinance onely inverted, and the faſhion
changed, with an Appendix concerning Church-Regifters,and a Proviſo that no
other Marriage ſhould be valid and Lawful: whereupon all civil people were
forced to be twice joyned, though but once Married. Next after this Matri-
monial Coupling, in a wilder humour they fell upon a Confultation of Repudi-
ating the Body of the Law, by divorcing it from the People, and a new Foun- A new Body
dation to be laid, and Syftems of their own projections to be brought in the of the Law to
place of it; and thefe were to be adequated to the meaſure and fquare of a
Fifth Monarchy, and thoſe Monſtrous abfurdities. Then in order thereunto, an
A&
be made.
1
'
1
2
352
An Act for
Irish Adven-
turers and Al-
lotments.
Whitlock Em.
bassador to
Sweden.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III
Act was hammering for abolishing of Tithes, ejecting fcandalous Minifters,
and conftituting Commiffioners to go the Circuit to enquire and vifit the Pa-
riſhes: and moſt of their Debates were ſpent hereupon. And lattly, in prepara-
tion to Oliver's defigne, (who yet managed and put them upon thoſe enor-
mous Whimfeys, to the making them moft odious, and all Parliaments with
them) though under pretence of grievance to many Godly people eſpecially,
and the whole Nation in general; the non-procedure at Law without fubfcri-
bing the Engagement, was taken away; alfo all Fines upon Bills, Declarations,
and Original Writs, were taken off, and the Chancery very neer a total ſubver-
fion, a Bill being ready to that purpoſe. Thoſe were their devices as to the
Law, and the Regulation of Government; fee the reft to the maintenance of it,
and the carrying on of the Affairs of the Commonwealth, as their Secretaries.
termed it. First, an Act was framed out of an Ordinance of the late prece.
ding Council of State, for a Lottery of the Rebels Lands in Ireland, in which
one Methuselah Turner, a Linnen-draper in Cheapfide, and one Brandriffe a Cloth-
drawer, were Named Commiffioners, and had already fate in Grocers-Hall,
with fuch other moft incompetent Judges of the affair: In this Act, the Rebel-
lion was declared to be at an end, and that the feveral Adventurers and Soul-
diers for their Arrears thould have ten Counties fet out and affigned for their
fatisfaction; and it that ſhould not fatisfie, the County of Louth fhould be ad-
ded to make it up; with many other claufes of length and reftriction and this
was paffed as an Introduction to the Grand Grievance of Publick Faith-money,
undertaken by thofe fhrimps, which was able to cruſh their Houfe full of fuch
as Hercules; but it was well applied to cajole the People, (many of whom had
been very forward in fupplies of Money to the Irish war) and the Souldiers
there, that were to be made firm to Cromwel's Intereft, by fuch obligations of
Lands and Eſtates. A new Council of State was now of the fame teeming,
but of a mightier train; Oliver, and his Grand Officers and Partifans entirely
conftituting it, not a puny of thoſe Dwarfish Politicians being admitted into the
number. Thofe Hogens of the Council did all the bufinefs, tranfacted with
Forrain States, kept the Wheels of Government on going here and abroad,
received Embaſſadors, particularly the Spaniſh, Dutch, and French Reſidents,
and a new one from the Great Duke of Florence, and other Princes, and put
upon the Parliament all their Intrigues and ill-looked neceffities of Money, fo
that this Convention at firft dafh ran the Tax up again to 120000 1. per menfem
for fix Months; as if Pluto kept Court there again, and that like poffeffed men
they could speak nothing elfe but that and Excife, now continued, and an ad-
ditional Act for fales of Fee-farm Rents, Forreft-lands, and more Delinquents
Eſtates, for the finiſhing of that whole affair.
The Lord Whitlock ( between whom and the Lord Lifle the Embaffie of Swe-
den was in difpute for a while, till Cromwel had made fure of Whitlock) was
now recommended to the Parliament for their Approbation and Commiflion to
proceed in his Voyage with all haft, to purſue thoſe defignes of Agreement
which had been layd by that Queens Embaffadors here; that Kingdom labour-
ing with fuch another Change,in fome manner,as we did here: and accordingly
he was diſpatcht, and his Inftructions (as all other things of defigne and confe-
quence) referred to the Council of State. He departed about the beginning
of November, in the Phenix and Elizabeth Frigats, and arrived the 15 at Gotten-
burgh in that Kingdom, with a Retinue of 100 perfons very gallant, with a
ſuitable ſtate of Furniture; and travelled from thence in very ugly way,and baſe
Accommodation, (no Beds being to be had for Money) to Upfal, an Univerſity,
where the Queen then refided, becauſe of the Plague at Stockholme, the chief
City and Metropolis of that Kingdom. General Blake, Monke, Desborough, and
Pen, were commended likewife to be Generals at Sea for the next year, (a
ſuitable Change with that inconftant Element ) and approved of. And lastly,
that they might in all things be like a Parliament, and alike odious to all peo-
ple; and that the Cavaliers might have recent cauſe to hate them, a High Court.
of
1653.
353
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
་
of Justice was Enacted again, and Lifle made Prefident: for Bradshaw, as a
great Commonwealths-man, and Enemy to a Single Perfon, was quite lain á-
fide. This is the fum of what theſe Sages and men of Fidelity did during their 4 Summary of
Seffion, befides their Prayers and Preachments in the Houfe; fo that from the what the Par-
liament did.
fomething Honourable Stile of a Convention, it raiſed not it ſelf above the Re-
putation of a Conventicle, and in effect, the Parliament was but a Sub-commit-
tee, that truckled under the Council of State and Oliver for their occafions, and
Feake's a great Fifth-Monarchy-Preacher) Congregation held at Black fryers,
(this Hay of the Commonwealth being betwixt Scylla and Charybdis) who cut
out every days work for the Houſe, the very latt knack of their Legiſlative-
power being a Bill formed in Paper, and ready drawn to the laft Clauſe, (and
would have prefently paffed) for the perpetual meetings of Parliament one
upon the Diffolution of another, (the very Coloquintida of their Counfels to
Oliver) and that the people fhould be judged by Committees, and no Courts
remain at Westminster, but the Mofaical Law fhould take place; Magiftracy
and Miniftry both being to be abolished, that the Saints of the Earth might
Rule in all things. --But fee the Evil Spirit laid by their own artful Con-
jurer.
Parliament
diffolved, Dec:
12.
On the 12 of December, (as it had been directed by the Council of State) Barebone's
the Parliament being fate, fome of the Members ftood up, one after another,
and made a motion for a Diffolution thereof, for that it would not be for the
good of the Nations to continue it longer: this Court-Air almoſt Blaſted the
Men of Fidelity and Committee-Blades, who had ſcarce warmed their Fingers
ends in the Government, and were newly fetling themſelves and their Friends
in a thriving way, as they had done in their Offices they had paffed before; and
thereupon they began one after another to make Perorations of the Caufe of
God and the Godly people committed to their charge which they could not
tell how to anſwer to Him, if ſo cafily they ſhould give it up, and leave the
Commonwealth in fuch a diſtraction as would inevitably enfue: and Major-
General Harriſon, and Arthur Squib (the great Sequeftrator of Haberdashers Squib's, and
Hall) were very copioufly zealous in defence of their Authority: but the Mili- Harrifon's
Speeches upon
tary or Court-party being the Major part, not thinking them worthy of a dif- this occasion in
pute or longer Debate, the Speaker being of their fide, rofe, and left the Houfe, the Houfe.
and them fitting in it, where to Prayers they went, and then refolved to con-
tinue fitting.
In the mean time Rom the Speaker (with the Mace before him and his fol-
lowers) came to White-ball, and there refigned the Inftrument he gave them, The Speaker re-
by which they were conftituted a Parliament and gave him likewife to un- fignes the In-.
derstand how they had left their Fellows. Their Surrender was kindely recei- ftrument.
ved by Oliver, and they thanked for the pains they had taken in the ſervice of
the Commonwealth; however he and they had miffed of their intentions of
the good ſhould thereby have come to the Commonwealth, which à ftrange
ſpirit, and perverſe principle in ſome of the Members had folely hindered. And
as to them yet fitting in the Parliament-houfe, he difpatcht away Lieutenant-
Colonel White, a confident of his, to diflodge them who accordingly with a
guard of Red-coats came thither, and entring the Houfe, Commanded them
in the Name of the General to depart, for that the Parliament was Dif
folved: who replying to the contrary, and telling him they were upon Buſineſs,
and ought not to be thus difturbed; he asked, What Buſineſs? they answered,
We are seeking of God. Pugh, faith he, is that all that's to no purpoſe; for
God hath not been within thefe Walls thefe twelve years. And fo fairly com-
pelled them out, muttering with the fame wrath, and forrowful look-backs, as
thoſe that had fate 30 times the fame term, and could almoſt have pleaded pre-
fcription.
Thus was the Power emptied from one Veffel to another, as the Scribes and
Chaplains of the Grandees phraſed it; and could finde no ſettlement, till Oliver
was called to it by his Council of Officers, to fupply this Gap in Government.
A a a
And
354
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
The Protector
16.
And now a Single Perfon with a Council is the onely expedient for the fafety
of the People, for that there is no Truft nor Truth in Parliaments, as their of
ten aberrations and failures had fufficiently declared: and it was diſcourſed by
the Abettors of this Change, that 'twas not Monarchy which was quarrelled at,
but the corruptions and abuſes of it, in its unlimited, unbounded Prerogative;
all which would be avoided, by the circumfcription of it in a Protector, by
his Council, and a new Inftrument of Government, and the Supreme power
of a Triennial Parliament, in whom during their Seffion the Soveraign Authori-
ty fhould refide.
So they faid, and fo they did: for after four days time (in which Feak and
his Freaking Partiſans were almoft run from their Wits in rage and madneſs)
Cromwel was Appointed and Declared for Protector of this Infant-Common-
wealth, and it was a tedious interval to him:) the Chancery-Court at Weft-
minster-hall being prepared for the Ceremony of the Inftalment in this manner,
after the uſual ſeeking of God by the Officers of the Army.
The Protector about one of the clock in the afternoon came from White hall
Inftall'd, Dec. to Westminster to the Chancery-Court, attended by the Lords Commiffioners of
the Great Seal of England, Barons of the Exchequer, and Judges in their Robes;
after them, the Council of the Commonwealth, and the Lord Mayor, Aldermen,
and Recorder of the City of London, in their Scarlet Gowns: then came the
Protector attended with many of the chief Officers of the Army. A Chair of
State being fet in the faid Court of Chancery, the Protector ſtood on the left
hand thereof uncovered, till a large Writing in Parchment (in the manner of
an Oath) was read; there being the power with which the Protector was In-
vefted, and how the Protector is to Govern the three Nations: which the Pro-
tector accepted of, and ſubſcribed in the face of the Court, and immediately
hereupon fate down covered in the Chair. The Lords Commiffioners then de
livered up the Great Seal of England to the Protector, and the Lord Mayor his
Sword and Cap of Maintenance; all which the Protector returned immediate-
ly to them again. The Court then rofe, and the Protector was attended back
as aforesaid, to the Banqueting-houfe in White-ball, the Lord Mayor himſelf un-
covered, carrying the Sword before the Protector all the way: and coming
into the Banqueting-houſe, an Exhortation was made by Mr. Lockyer; after
which, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Judges departed.
The Inftrument or Module framed to be the Foundation of this prefent Go-
vernment, was chiefly made up of theſe following Heads.
The beads of 1. The Protector should call a Parliament every three years. 2. That the first
the Module of Should Aſſemble on the third of September, 1654. 3. That he would not Dif
Government. folve the Parliament till it had fat five Montbs. 4. That fuch Bills as they of
fered to him, he not Paffing them in twenty days, Should Paß without him. 5. That
be ſhould have a fele& Council, not exceeding one and twenty, nor under thirteen. 6.
That immediately after his Death, the Council ſhould chuſe another Protector before
they rofe. 7. That no Protector after him ſhould be General of the Army. 8. That
the Protector should have power to make Peace or War. 9. That in the Intervals
of Parliament, he and his Council might make Laws that ſhould be binding to the
Subjects, &c. With fome other popular Lurdes and common incidencies of Go-
vernment, not worth the recital, which were confirmed and ftrenuously valida-
ted by this his Oath.
The Proteflor's
eath.
}
Promile in the presence of God, not to violate oz infringe the
matters and things contained in the Inftrument; but to ob-
lerve, and caule the lame to be obſerved; and in all things to the
best of my understanding, govern the Nations acco¿ding to the
Laws, Statutes, and Customs, to leek their Peace, and caule
Justice and Law to be equally adminißred.
*
The
1653.
355
England, Scotland and Ireland.
i
The Feat needed no thore fecurity, as good altogether as its Authority, in this
following Proclamation, which was published throughout England, Scotland,
and Ireland, in theſe words.
Where as the late Parliament Diffolved themselves, and refigning their Powers To e Froclame=
Authorities, the Government of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and tion of the
Ireland, in a Lord Protector, and fucc. five Triennial Parliaments, is now ftabliſhed. Prottilor.
And whereas Oliver Cromwel, Captain General of all the Forces of this Common-
wealth is declared Lord Protector of the faid Nations, and bath accepted thereof :
We have therefore thought is necessary (as we hereby do) to make publication of
the Premiſes, and strictly to charge and command all and every perfon or perfons, of
what quality and condition foever, in any of the faid three Nations, to take notice
hereof, and to conform and ſubmit themselves to the Government ſo ſtabliſhed. And
all Sheriffs, Mayors, Bayliffs, &c. are required to publish this Proclamations to the
end none may have cauſe to pretend Ignorance in this behalf.
Great hooting off Guns at night, and Vollies of acclamations, were given at
the clofe of this mock-folemnity,by Cromwel's Janizaries, while the Royaliſts were
more joytu ly dilpofed at the hopes of the King's Affairs; but no body of any ac-
count giving the ufurper a good word or miskiditchee with his Greatnefs, fave
what was uttered in Fur by the Lord Mayor and the Complices in this Fact,
who tickled his Ears with the Eccho of the Proclamation done with the ufual
Formalities. Thefe Triumphs fo dilgufted Harriſon, (as alfo Colonel Rich) Major-Gen.
that he withdrew himſelf from the Gäng, and turned publick Preacher or Railer Harrison, and
again't his Comrade Oliver, who was glad to be rid of fuch a bufie and imper- other Colonels
tinent Affiftant in the moduling of Government. So Cromwel had now two furper.
difguft the u
Commonwealth contra-divided Factions against him, the old and the new Par-
liaments; and therefore it neerly concerned him to make much of the Ana The Anabap-
baptift and Sectary, which now fucceeded Independency as the Religion main- tifts and Se-
tained and favoured above all other; and Kiffin a great Leader and Teacher was red by the Pros
ctaries favou
now in great requeſt at the Court at White ball, and contrarily Sir Henry Vane tector.
jun. was looked on a-skue, as allo Sir Ar. Hazilrig, and Bradshaw, and Seot.
!
And fo the Babel-builders were confounded one amongst another.
The Council appointed by Officers, or taken rather by himſelf, by whoſe ad-
vice he was to govern, were 14 at first.
Lord Lambert.
Lord Vilcount Lifle.
General Desbrow.
Sir Gilbert Pick:ring.
Major General Skippon.
Sir Anthony Ahly-Cooper.
Walter Strickland, Efquire.
Sir Charles Wolfley.
Colonel Philip Jones.
Francis Rows, Efquire.
Richard Major, Esquire.
John Lawrence, Esquire.
Colonel Edward Montague.
Colonel William Sydenham.
His Council.
By thefe another Proclamation came out, enabling all Officers, Sheriffs, and
Juftices of the Peace to continue in their respective places: and Audience and The Dutch Em-
Conference was given to the Dutch Embaffadors, who befides their laft lofs by baladors have
Fight, had fuffered very greatly by the fame ftorm that endangered our Fleet,
Audience.
as De Wit was returning from the Sound, which made them ply hard for a Cef-
farion, in order to a ſpeedy Peace: And General Monke was now riding at St.
Helens point, by the Ifle of Wight, with a confiderable Fleet: Colonel Lilburn Col. Lilburn
was likewile ordered to Command in chief the Forces of Scotland, who had chief Comman
defeated the Earl of Kinoule and his party; and Sir Arthur Forbes ( another
der in Scot-
Chieftain of the Royal party) was routed neer Dumfrieze, and himſelf defpe- He defeats the
Jand.
rately wounded, while the main Army Quartered in Murrey-land, and thence Royalists.
to Elgin Colonel Morgan being fent to attend their motion.
The Noble Wogan, who troni France had by the way of Durham and Bar- col. Wogan
Аааз
wick, fain.
►
356
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Mortogh O
·
Brian Jubmits,
March.
Cromwel in-
clined to
Friendship
with the
French.
;
wick, and through a Fayr in open day, marched into Scotland, and had joyned
with thoſe Scotch Royalts,and done excellent fervice in beating up of Quarters,
and attempting them in all their marches and advances, came now at laft to
his End Providence having referved this honourable Deſtiny for him, that he
alone of all the English of Note, ſhould fall in his Majefties laft Quarrel in the
Kingdom of Scotland, the manner thus. Being abroad with his party of ſome
60 English, he met with Captain Elfenore's Lieutenant, ranging upon the fame
adventure, with ſome more than his number, neer Drummond and Weems, and
fell upon him; and after a very sharp and ftout Conflict (for they were Armed
with Back and Breft, and were Veterane Blades, and never fled before) routed
them, but was Wounded himself with a Tuck, whereof not long after he died,
and was buried in great State, and much lamentation, with a Military Funeral
in the Church of Kenmore; and Captain Ker a valiant Scot was killed with him :
the faid Lieutenant was killed alfo upon the place, with 30 of his men, to ac-
company the fate of this Noble perfon; fo that he fell not unrevenged. Great
indignation there was againtt Robinson the Surgeon that Dreft him, for his
neglect of him, the Earl of Atbol having threatned to kill him; fo dearly was
this Heroe beloved by that Nation, who conftantly envied the worth and gal-
lantry of ours. And here we must leave him till fome grateful Learned Muſe
fhall fing the Honorable Atchievements, and moft laudable high actions of this
famous and renowned Captain.
Mortogh O Brian, the onely remaining General of the remnant of Irish in
Arms, had lately fallen into the Quarters, and defeated ſeveral parties, and took
ſome ſmall places; but upon the approach of a Body of Engliſh, retreated again
to his raftneffes, where he better bethought himſelf of his fculking condition;
and therefore ſent and obtained the ufual Articles of Tranſportation; there be-
ing reckoned how above 27000 men that had departed that Kingdom within a
year: and the tranſplantation of moſt of the reft into Connaught, (a Province
environed on one fide by the Sea, and lockt up by Rivers and Garriſons on the
other, for the ſecurity of the Peace, and enjoyment of Engliſh Lands and Eftates
in other Counties) had fo difpeopled that Kingdom, that the Commiffioners
there,and their Commander Fleetwood, fent over Letters, defiring fome Colonies
of Engliſh to be ſent over to them; very good Conditions being offered fuch
as would Tranſport themſelves: The chief Towns of Limerick, Galloway, and
Waterford, to enjoy the like Priviledges with Bristol, &c. and Cromwel failed not
to confirm Mannours and Hereditaments upon his Confiding Creatures there,
who were very induftrious to procure Tenants and Inhabitants to make Rent
for them, with the fame Expedition as he himself would here have fold the For-
reft-lands, now ready for a Purchaſe.
The King was yet at Paris, having lately received a confiderable fum of
Money from Germany, where the Lord of Rochester continued at the Diet, and
promiſes from the Emperour of his appearing in his behalf, and of Engaging
the other Princes with him, upon his declaring for his Intereft at the fame Diet.
The French King was yet very uncertain how to carry himſelf in that Affair, it
being yet doubtful whether the Spaniard or he fhould firft be Leagued to Crom-
wels and ſome fufpition there was of his Rupture with him firft, as lying moft
opportune for his Arms, and moft aimed at, becauſe of his Relation to the
King; and therefore underhand he gave the King affurance of his inviolable
refpects to him, and laboured by all means to ftave off the Dutch from an A-
greement, offering them very largely but by the fagacious policy of Car-
dinal Mazarine, Cromwel was inclined to Friendship with the French;
and the King being fenfible whereto that would tend, refolved to depart.
There was not withſtanding a kinde of Pyratical War exerciſed by the French,
and fome English and Iriſh, upon the Weſtern Trade, by ſome 15 fail of little
The Frigats at Men of War, who harboured on the Coaft of Britany, in Breſt, and thereabouts,
Breft rove at and did very much mischief; the chief and Admiral of whom, was one Cap-
tain Beach, in the Royal James, of 38 Guns, whom at laft the Conftant Warwick
Sta.
met
A
}
1653.
357
England, Scotland and Ireland.
met with. (other Frigats plying up and down to free the Channel) and after
a long fight forced to yield. Beach coming aboard demanded his Articles of
bling tet afhore in France. Captain Potter denied any fuch; and if he did not
like the Terms he had given, be bid him go abord his own fhip again with his
men, and fight for better: which Beach fecing the bravery of the man, refuſed,
and was brought Friloner to Plymouth, and ſo that Neft was broken.
Cromwel now lupplied the Benches of the Courts at Westminster with the ableſt
Serjeants at
of the Lawyers, whom he had invited to the publick ſervice and Mr. Maynard, Law made.
Twifden, Nudigate, Hugh Windham, were made Serjeants, and Mr. Hales one of
the Juftices of the Common-Pleas, where Saint John yet fate, and of the Cabi-
net to this Protector betides; having preferred his Man Thurloe (his Secretary
at the Hague) to be his Secretary of State; the Candle or Light of that Dark-
Lanthorn, which Saint John was aid to be in thefe niyfterious times to Crom-
wel, in all his attempts and defignes of confequence and moment. Colonel
Mackworth the Governour of Shrewsbury was called now to the Council, and
to puriake of the Cabal of the Ufurpation, as a perfon of fit Intereft and prin-
ciples to ftrengthen it: And the Dutch Peace now concluded on by their Embaf
fidors, and the Commiflioners of the ſaid Council for the Protector, between
whom this private Article was agreed, That the Prince of Aurange fhould never
be rettored to the Dignities, Offices, and Charge his Anceſtors held and enjoyed :
and this was urged, for the better Confervation of the peace, which would in his
reffitution be endangered, becaufe of his Relation to the King. This was ill
refented by the other fix Provinces; but Helland, whoſe Intereft was to have a
Peace, and who paid more than half of the publick charge, food to it, alled
ging there could no Peace be made without it: The reft of the Articles, fave
the restoring of the Ships and Goods detained by the King of Denmark, or
140000l. in lieu of them, and taking that King into this Treaty, according
as the Hollander had engaged to the Dane, and paying the damages of the War,
and giving reparation for all private injuries, (Amboyna-bufinefs being an ex-
prefs Article of it felf, and the Maffacrers to be punished if living) were ufual
and of courfe; fave alfo that the Right of the Flag was acknowledged and Ar-
ticled to be given to the English in all Rencounters; and Mr. Thompſon, Mr.
Winflow, and Mr. Ruffel, and others of this fide, were appointed Arbitrators of
the faid differences, and about the fhips kept by the Dane.
Cromael was the willinger to conclude this Peace, by reafon of his new fet-
tlement in the Throne; and the Dutch Friendship was very neceffary for his
eftabliſhment; belides, the Money was very welcome: both of them added repu-
tation to him, though the Wifer fort knew and difcourfed that he might have
brought the Dutch to any thing. The Peace, though now concluded, was not The Dutch
ratified and proclaimed till April, after the arrival of the Embaffadors Newport Peace.
and Youngstal, in March, towards the end of this year, when it was done with
great Solemnity; elpecially the Dutch here were very magnificent in Treat-
ments, and Fireworks fet up in the nature of Beacons in the Thames neer their
Houfe.
The Protector Dined in great State upon an Invitation from the Lord Mayor,
c. at Grocers-Hall, the eighth of February, being Aſh-Wedneſday, a very un-
fuitable day for any Festival but his entertainment, who inverted all things, the
Atreets being railed from Temple-Bar thither, the Liveries in their Gowns in
their Gradual ſtandings there: he was met at the faid Gate by Alderman Vi-
ner the Lord Mayor, who delivered him the Sword there, and having received
it from him back again, bore it on Horſe-back before him all the way; through
which the tame filence was kept, as if a Funeral had been en paſſant: and no
doubt, it was that mutenefs which Tacitus mentioned in Tiberius, quale magne
Ire vel magni Metus eft filentium, no apprecations, or fo much as a How do ye, The Protector
being given during the whole Cavalcade. After Dinner, he was ferved with a Dines at Gro-
Banquet, in the conclution whereof he Knighted Alderman Viner, and would cers hall, and
have done the fame to the Recorder Steel, for his learned Speech of Govern- Knights Alder-
m48 Viner,
ment, Feb. 8.
*
-358
Part III
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
I
A Brick-bat
Alung at the
Protectors
Coach.
4
ment, calculated and meaſured for him ; but he for fome reafons avoided it ; the
Lord Mayor was forced to carry it home, and anger his Wife with it, who had
real honour both in her Name and Nature. Oliver at his return had the fecond
courſe of a Brick bat, from the top of a Houfe in the Strand by St. Clements,
which light upon his Coach, and almoft fpoiled his digeftion with the daring-
neſs of the Affront. Search was made, but in vain; the perſon could not be
found, and Vengeance was not yet from Heaven to rain upon him.
(
General Middleton now landed at Uney-Ferry in the Highlands with two
Veffels from Holand, with the Lord Napier, Six George Monro, Major-General
Dalyel, Colonel Lodewick Drummond, and fome 200 more, in March, with fome
Arms, with a Commiflion to Command in chief all his Majefties Forces in that
Kingdom, who under the Command of the Earls of Glencarn, Athol, Seaforth,
and Kenmore, being followed and attended by Colonel Morgan, had marched up
and down from Eglin into Roß, and had lately been met withal at Cromar,
where they lott after a fhort difpute fome 140 killed and taken; and pre-
fently the Garrison of Kildrumny the Lord of Athol's houfe rendered to Mer-
ga, and Colonel Cotterel was tent to follow the Enemy, whofe purpoſe was
to protract the War by running from place to place, and weary the English out
with uncouth and weary marches, till Middleton came, whofe additional ftrength
fignifying little, (befides the Kings Authority in to eminent a perfon and Of
Gen. Monke fice now amongst them) and General Monke being fent from London to com-
jent by the Pro-mand in chief there for Oliver, their condition was little better than before;
tector to Scot- Colonel Brayn being like wife ordered into the Highlands with 2000 Foot by
land, to com-
mand in chrif. Sea from Ireland, to furround them in on all fides, and hem them in to an En-
A Plor.
Col. Gerrard,
&c. feized,
Feb.
Cromwel
fends his Son
Henry into
Ireland.
Cromwel en-
gagement.
At home (prevention being Oliver's beft State-phyfick) a Plot was ſtarted
in February, and a great many committed to the Tower, the chief whereof were
Colonel Sir Gilbert Gerrard, Colonel John Gerrard his Brother, one Jones, and
Tudor an Apothecary; and afterwards Somerfet Fox, young Mr. Charles Ger-
rard another Brother; and laftly, Mr. John and William Aſhburnham, Mr. Vow-
el a School-maſter at Islington; the Earl of Oxford, Mr. Philip Porter, Mr. Finch,
Mr. Wiseman, Mr. Bayly, and Sir Richard Willis, who to keep himself unſuſpe-
&ed of Intelligence, now and ever after, was fure to make one of the number of
thoſe in Cuftody. The Plot was faid to be, by him that beſt understood it, to be
an Affaffinate upon Oliver's perfon, though moſt rationally refuted by thoſe
who were tried about it. Tuder attending his Examination at White-hall, pre-
tending to eaſe himſelf, eſcaped down the Houle of Office, and got away; but
was afterwards retaken in Norfolk and re committed,but never Arraigned. The
reft of them were kept in cuftody, till a High Court of Justice was erected of the
old ſtamp to try them. This was one of the firft acts of Cromwel's Tyranny,
with which he exerciſed the Royal party throughout his Domination; and moſt
neceffary to his fecurity, as a main principle of Government, according to the
policy of fuch wretched Times.
The Protector now fent his Son Henry Cromwel into Ireland, to fhew him-
felf there in State against his approaching Viceroy-fhip there; whence the Lord
Broghil, and Colonel Rich. Coot were fent with Addreffes to him from that
Kingdom, the like about the fame time from Coventry, being a moft zealous
Complement. General Monke was likewife fent as aforefaid into Scotland; fo
that he had made fure of the three Nations: and that no Enemy of his might
Jures himself. remain in any place of Truft, Command, or Judicature, the Chancellorship
of the Dutchy of Lancashire was taken from Bradshaw, and by Ordinance tranf-
ferred to Thomas Fell, and the Seal likewife given him: yet Richard Bradshaw
was graced with the Title of Oliver's Refident at Hamburgh, as he was before,
becauſe there were no Candidates for the place. The Lord Embaffador Whit-
Lock likewife owned Him to the Queen of Sweden, with the Title of His mot
Serene Highneß my Mafter; having ftaid there all that Winter to conclude that
the Protector. Treaty, which depended upon the Dutch here, and was made up after, for
Whitlock
Embassador to
Sweden owns
the
1653.
359
England, Scotland and Ireland.
J
>
the Swede would be governed folely by that; the Agent or Embaffador of the
Country of Switzerland, Myn Here Stockhart, to whom the Umpirage between
the Dutch and the English was committed, took leave of his faid Highneſs,
and departed by the way of Holland, where he proffered his Superiours beft
endeavour between them both. Monfieur Burdeaux appeared in March, in the Monfieur Bur-
quality of an Embaffador in Ordinary to the Protector, and Sir Anthony Afbly can ord
deaux Embas-
Cooper, Colonel Sydenham, and Mr. Strickland, were appointed Commiffioners
to confer with him. In fuch a fair way was Cromwel already of fixing his Protector.
Soveraignty, and being accepted for a Prince abroad and at home; but as the
French infinuated into his Friendship, the Spaniard abated in it, and Mazarine
was the onely Privado and confident Friend. An Ordinance paffed for continu-
ance of the Impolition on Sea-coal for the uſe of the Navy.
(ador in Ordi-
Rary to the
The year ends with another Ordinance for the tryal and approbation of
Miniſters, wherein Philip Nye, Goodwyn, Hagh Peters, Mr. Manton and others, Commiſſioners,
were named Commiffioners. The Queſtion theſe men put to the Examinants, Nye, &c. for
was not of abilities or Learning, but Grace in their Hearts; and that with fo approbation of
Minifters,
bold and faucy inquifition, that fome mens Spirits trembled at their interroga- March.
tories; they phrating it fo, as if (as was faid of the Council of Trent) they had
the Holy Ghoft in a Cloak-bag, or were rather Simon Magus his own Difciples:
and certainly there were never fuch Simoniacks in the World, not a Living of
value, but what a Friend or the beſt Purchaſer was admitted into, to which
Humane Learning (even where a former Right was) was a good and ſuffi-
cient Bar; no less to the Ruine than the Scandal of the Church of England, and
the Proteftant Religion and profeffors thereof: ſeveral ignorant bold Laicks
being inducted into the beft Spiritualities, as beft confifted with Oliver's Intereſt,
which depended upon the Sectaries, and their hideous divifions in Reli-
gion.
Anno Dom. 1654.
Aving thus deſcribed the Foundation of this Stratocracy or Army-power,
we fhall not be obliged to any tedious furvey of the fuperftructure, which
was onely for fhew, and of little duration, fupported with temporary fhifting
Props in every emergency; for this great one rather inhabited a Labyrinth,
than a Court which thewed much variety of Art, but like a Houſe of Cards
was ready to be whelmed over his Head with every guft of adverfe Fortune: a
croſs Reftive Government he had of it, and was never able to keep it in the right
Road, and true way of policy. And fo we proceed in a brief account of State-Oc-
currences.
and all (uch
The 6 of April came forth an Ordinance fettling Commiffioners for Proba-
tion of Wills, and Adminiſtrations, &c. by want of which power, there having
been no fettled Judge the Prerogative-Court, (whofe Name abolished the
thing) very great and many inconveniencies had happened to the Nation. A-
nother Ordinance prohibited Cock-matches, and Horſe-races, and all fuch con- cock-matches
fluxes or meetings of people: for a Plot was now a hatching at White-ball, and and Horſe-ra-
this was the firft overt figne of it. Next, the Commiffion of the Great Seal ces probibited.
was altered, and Whitlock, Lifle, and Sir Thomas Widdrington were made Com- concouries of
miffioners. A Prohibition by another Ordinance to the Committee at Salters people.
Hall concerning Prifoners, which were felling of Eftates, though never fo bar- The Commiffion
red by Law, to fatisfie the Creditors; which would have made a quick confufion of the Great
of Propriety: And the Dutch Peace (the charge of the War being now paid Hannah Trap-
by that State, according to private agreement of the fum) was fully concluded, nel a Qua-
and in April Proclaimed. A Quaking Prophetefs, named Hannah Trapnel, king Propheres
[ecured.
2
Seal altered.
UorM
360
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars 4
of
J
t
a forerunner of James Naylor, now appeared, who reported her Viſions and
Raptures, and was attended by feveral of the Grandees of the male-contented
party, as Carew and others: the moſt of her delufions fhe acted in the Counties
of Devonshire and Cornwal, till the was with fome of her Partizans ſecured in
Prifon.
The Scotch Affairs were reputed finished, as to any War, though the Buftle
yet fo held and encreafed in the Highlands, that the fpoils of the Conquest
were now ſet out, and made accomptable to the Victor. The Lords Eftates
and Hereditaments of the Scotch Nobility and Gentry who Invaded England
under Duke Hamilton, and came in with the King to Worcester, and were yet in
Scotch Estates Arms, were ordered to be fold; and to that purpoſe were invefted in the Truit
Jold.
of Sir William Hope, Lockhart, Sir Richard Saltonstall, Lieutenant-Colonel
Wilks,and others,and were actually feized into their hands; and the reft of them
were fined in feveral fums of Money,to be paid within fix Months ; fome 2000 l.
fome 5000l. fume few 10000 l. but none under 1000l. amounting to a
greater maſs of filver than Scotland was worth in ready Caſh, ſo that thoſe
who were compell'd to obey, (though many complemental and humble ap-
plications and addreffes (as is cuftomary to that Nation) were made for miti-
gation) were forced to take up Money at unreaſonable Intereft; which roſe at
laft by the like occafions to 30 in the hundred. An Ordinance paffed with this,
for uniting of Scotland into one Commonwealth with England, (it feems the
Act of Parliament to the fame purpoſe was not fufficient) and the Arms there-
of ordered to be quartered, as were the Irish, with our Crofs and Harp; and
Oliver's Lion Saliant was placed in the middle, which is as good Herauldry as
this Efcutcheon deferves: That Kingdom by vertue. thereof to be charged no
otherwife in Affeffments and Tax, than proportionably to England, and to pay
no greater Excife, &c. An Ordinance likewife for mending and repairing
Highways and Bridges which the War had ſpoiled, and were yet every where
unrepaired a very neceffary and good work for the benefit of the Nation; no
Waggon being fuffered thereafter to travel with above five Horſes, nor fix Oxen
and one Horfe; and care was taken likewiſe about the fhodding of the Wheels.
General Monke arrives in Scotland, and Proclaims Oliver in great ftate at den-
burgh; and Arguile plainly and openly fides with the English, and foments di-
vifions among the Scots; his Son the Lord Lorn departing in a difcontent and
quarrel from the Earl of Glencarn, and returning to the old Fox his Father:
The French King Crowned at Rheims, having been declared Major, and our
Soveraign invited to the Solemnity, while the Intrigues of Mazarine were dri
ving a conclufion of peace with Cromwel.
1
Gen. Monke
proclaims Oli-
ver at Eden-
burgh.
Arguile fides
with the Eng-
liſh.
A High Court
of Fultice.
The Defigne now appeared, which Oliver had hatched for fome while, and
had laboured by his treacherous Agents to mature to fomething: therefore firft
of all, a general ſearch is made throughout London for Cavaliers; and thereupon
Colonel John Gerrard, as before, Mr. Vowel, and Somerfet Fox, were brought be
fore the High Court of Justice, Proclaimed the 13, and fitting the 31 of June:
in which interval they had prepared their bufinefs, and provided Witneffes,
and drew up the Charge. After twice or thrice Conenting of the aforefaid
Gentlemen, an Accufation was brought of their intention to affaffinate the Pro-
tector, with one Major Henshaw and others fled; to the proof whereof, they
produced young Mr. Charles Gerrard againft his Brother, as alfo one Wifeman,
and one Mr. Hudfon a blinde Minifter (whofe Brother was that eminent per-
fon who accompanied and guarded the late King in his flight from Oxford)
that had been cherished by Mr. Vowel, against him; who yet retracted from his
Examination, and could not be brought by the threats of the Court to make it
good, and yet they made it valid: Somerfet Fox (as he was inftructed before)
by promife of Life confeffing the Guilt, thereby involving the other two in-
nocent Gentlemen) and craving mercy. It availed not them to deny this
Charge, though never fo much reafon and ftrength of argument on their fide:
Lifle President Lifle the Prefident fumming up the prejudiced fuffrages of the Court, gave Sen-
thereof.
tence
}
}
1654.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
361
tence of Hanging, which was Executed July the 10, on Mr. Vowel at Charing-
Croß, where with a Roman Spirit, tempered with Chriftian Patience, he fuffer-
ed his Martyrdom, off from a Stool fetcht from the Guard, the adjacent Neigh-
bours refufing to lend any thing to his Death, the Executioner having his Lad-
der not in readinefs. Colonel Gerrard was Beheaded on Tower-hill, who ex- col. Gerrard
prefly denied the intention of the Facts and from this reaſon, becauſe he and Vowel
thought it might be far from the honour and great minde of the King (whoſe in- Executed, Ju-
ly 10.
junction this was ſaid to be) to confult any ſuch thing, though by the like practi-
fés his Father loft his Life; and that he feared he ſhould not die right in his Fa-
vour, for being ſuſpected of ſuch a thing: and then moft courageouſly ſtooped
to the Block.
With him upon the fame Scaffold fuffered the Portugal Embaffador's Brother,
(then Refiding with Oliver) by Name Don Pantaleon-Sa. He had a while be-
fore made a Riot in the New-Exchange, upon conceit of an Affront or fome
fcorn caft upon him there, and killed one Greenway a Gentleman ftanding qui-
etly at a Stall, no oppofition being made but by this Colonel Gerrard, who was Col. John
now fatally joyned with him in Death. The Murther was Committed by a Gerrard and
the Portugal
Knight of Maltha, who eſcaped; but this Nobleman and four more of the Embaſſador's
Embaffador's Servants, among whom was an Irish youth, were arraigned Brother Bebea-
before Chicf-Juftice Rolls, Sir Henry Blunt, and Recorder Steel, Tichburn and ded, July 10.
others, joyned in a Commiffion of Oyer and Terminer, and Tried by a party-Jury
of English and Forrainers, asof cuftom: and though he at firſt refuſed to Plead,
alledging his Quality, he was at laft Convicted and Condemned. He had made
an Eſcape by the civil induſtry of the Lady Philip Mohun, and attempted it a-
gain; but was retaken, and now Beheaded. After the Priefts and he had prayed
upon the Scaffold, he fhewed fome little averfion of Death; but whether
out of anger or fear, is uncertain; the people and fpectators fhewing different
paffions at the fall of both theſe Victimes to crafty Tyranny and impartial Ju-
ftice. This was done upon the King of Portugal's order, to whom the caufe
and Execution of Juftice in his own Kingdom was firft remitted. The Embaf-
fador foon after the conclufion of a Peace difconfolately departed. The Irish
Youth fuffered at Tyburn; the reft were Reprieved, and afterwards Relea-
fed.
In the fame month a fhip on Southwark-fide took accidental Fire as the lay Ships blown up
at Anchor, which being cut away, the thip (as Providence would have it) weer London-
was driven by the flowing Tide upon a Shelf neer the Bridge, where fhe ftuck, Bridge.
and blew up her powder. There were 8 perfons killed, one a Draper upon
his Leads on the Bridge, by a Plank of the faid fhip; and had the blow been
any nigher, it would have broke that famous Pile. Another fhip neer the fame
time fired in Freſh-wharf, neer the Bridge likewife: and generally there were
many and very fad Conflagrations that attended this Boutefeu and his Ufur-
pation; and as memorable unruly accidents ended it, as by the fequel will
appear.
We will now curforily run over the Highland-War of Scotland, where not- Ahort account
withstanding thoſe many divifions and animofities concerning Command that of the Highland
were between the Commanders in this Scotch Army, the Earl of Glencarn Bo, waY,
macking the fupream Command to be conferred upon General Middleton, which
was thought the best expedient to unite all Divifions amongst them, the faid
Royal Party was yet re-inforced to the number of 3 or 4000 men, whom both
General Monke and Colonel Morgan (in diftinct Bodies and feveral ways') at-
tended: Morgan was about Longbaber and Loughness, in the Weſtern Highlands,
about Arguile's Country, and keeping cloſe at the Heels of them; who ever and
anon took over the Mountains and gave them the flip: for it was by no means
adviſed to venture an Encounter, but tire their Enemy out ; and nothing but in-
vincible patience and refolution could have endured it: For befides the want of
Proviſions in that ſcarce, barren Country, againſt which the Souldiers were ar-
med onely with Bread and Cheefe, which they eat 20 days together, that Na-
Bb b
ture
1
1
362
Part III
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
I
}
The Eail of
Glencarn fub-
mits to the
English.
t
türe could hardly difcharge it felf: the Ways were most times fo abrupt, that
hardly more than one could go abreaft; and over the Hills if a Horfe-Foot flipt,
men were in danger of breaking their Necks down the Precipices, and Horfe
and Man fure to be loft: no Quarter to be had but in the Glens; and great hap-
pinefs was it counted to meet with them and freſh Water, neer which to pitch
Tents; the General chearfully undergoing the fame neceffities. After much
Traverfing theſe difficult ways, which were notwithstanding eafie (as uſual )
to the Highlander, it was the Fortune of Colonel Morgan to light upon Gene-
ral Middleton neer Badgenoth, at one of thoſe narrow Paffes, now proving in-
commodious to the Natives themſelves for they could neither well fight nor re-
treat, fo that they Engaged in no order nor figure; and after a fhort Medly or
Tumult, rather than Battle, were forced to flie: the General endeavouring
what he could to refift his misfortune, was fo neer being taken, that he loft his
Commiffion and Inftructions, and one of his rich Coats, with a Sumpter-horſe.
This happened on the 19 of July, and was the total defeat and fuppreffion of
that War: For immediately the Earl of Glencarn with 500 men fubmitted, at
Dumbarton; and though there happened fome puny Skirmishes afterwards, as
the defeating of a party of the Earl of Athol, Captain Elmore's taking of Sir
Arthur Forbes, and routing of Mac Naughton at Glenlyon, and Captain Lifle
with a party from Colonel Cobber Governour of Dundee defeated the Earl of
Kinoule, and took him (and the Lord Diddup, and Lieutenant-Colonel Mer-
cer Prifoner, who was returned now to Edenburgh-Caftle, and the young
Marquefs of Montroß routed by Blair-Caftle; yet Submiffions and Treaties ſpent
moft of the time that the Lord Middleton with the Earl of Seaforth ftaid in
Scotland, who now with a ſmall party of the Clans were in Cathenes; the
Lords Forrester and Kenmore, the Earl of Athol and Marquefs of Montroß capi-
tulated, defiring onely the Terms (and mitigation of Fines) the Earl of Glen-
carn had at his Rendition at Dumbarton-Caftle. Lorn now flew again into Arms,
(to colour thofe late Treacheries and Treafons he now underhand managed
for Cromwel) and joyned with Mac Naughton, who had furprized Colonel
Brayn and Captain Nichols Governour of Innerara-Caftle, as they, thinking
themſelves fecure in the Confines of the Lowlands, had difmifs'd their Convoy,
and made his Terms by that lucky furprize to his advantage. Generally the No-
ble General Monke gave very obliging Conditions, and fo did Twifleton and Mor-
gan, by his order, to thofe that capitulated with them, and fhewed all the fa-
vour that could be expected in point of Fines and-Forfeitures; which firmly ob-
liged the Nobles and Gentry to him for the future; (which no doubt he had
then principally in his Eye) and alfo invited General Middleton and the Earl
of Seaforth to enter into Treaty with him; which was managed and in a man-
ner concluded by Major-General Drummond; but refcinded by Middleton, as was
alledged here, becauſe of the English infiftency upon the former Fines and Se-
curity; but judged as proceeding from a principle of Honour and Right, fince
this departure of the King's Lieutenant with Conditions obtained from the E-
nemy, might be conftrued a Ceffion of that Kingdom to the ufurper, as the
Lord Ormond had with great Punctilio given him a very noble Precedent. He
departed not till the beginning of the next year; and Glengary had the honour
(for Mac Cloud and Mac Eldow had Articled fome time before) to render the
The Farewel to laft Arms that were taken up for his Majefty in that Kiugdom. And fo we
the Scotch war. difmifs that War with this valedictory Elogie to both thofe honourable Gene-
rals; the one of them juft ceafed his indefatigable induſtry for the Recovery
of the Kings Rights, and had a Royal Conge and Writ of Emeritus eft; and
the other like an Altern Luminary, began, or rather renewed his aufpicious
afpect upon the Kings Reftitution; fo that the brightness of the Majefty of
Scotland was never totally obfcured; and long may they now fhine together,
without diminution to each others luftre, in this glorious Firmament of his Ma-
jetties pretent and perpetual Empire.
i
!
In England, the French Embaffadors profecuted the Treaty amain, and with
very
1
29
1654.
363
England, Scotland and Ireland.
7
very great fecrecy: but fome miftake happening in point of civility and cere-
mony by Monfieur de Baas, Bourdeaux's Colleague, he returned into France to
meet a report of his carriage at Paris; from whence upon timely overture of
the proceedings in that affair, our Soveraign withdrew, and departed to the
Spaw by Leige, where he was magnificently treated by that City; and fo onward The King
in his journey to meet the Princess of Aurange his Sifter, who had left her Son through Leige
to the Spaw.
the Prince in Holland, where the divifions about his being Stadtholder were as
high as ever; and to help them forward, Cromwel writ to the States of Zealand,
to perfwade them to the Helland-reſolution: which the Towns of Campen and
Swol had ſo far withſtood, as to accept and Swear Prince William of Frizeland
to be their Stadtholder, during the minority of the Prince of Aurange, which
was 19 years, or till he fhould be capable of the Government. The Duke of
Tork was to have Commanded as Lieutenant-General of the French Army in
Italy; but this unhandfome Peace difobliged his better-deferving and victorious
Arms, and turned them afterward againſt fuch thankleſs and regardlefs Rela-
tions: he continued yet neverthelels at Paris till after the faid Treaty was con-
cluded, and then took his Farewel of that unkinde and politick Court. Prince
Rupert was now at Vienna, where he was highly Complemented and preſented
by the Emperour, and from thence came back to Heydelberg.
box.
Prince Cromwel, who was now wholly out of action, having laid his Scene in Cromwel falls
the Counties and Boroughs for Elections to the enfuing Parliament, gave him- from his coach-
felf and the Town a little recreation. It happened on a Friday in July, that
defirous to divert himſelf with driving of his Coach and fix Hortes in Hide-
park, with his Secretary Thurloe in it, like Mephistophilus and Doctor Fauftus ca-
reering it in the Air, to try how he could govern Horfes, fince Rational Crea-
tures were fo unruly and difficult to be reined, like another Phaeton he fell
in the Experiment from the Coach-box, which was prefently pofted into the
City, and many ominous and true Conjectures made of his certain Cataftro-
phes one of the ingenious Songs on the occafion ending in this prefagious
Rythme.
Every Day and Hour bath fhew'd us his power,
But now he hath fhew'd us his Art.
Hus first Reproach, was a fall from a Coach,
His next will be from a Cart.
Mr. Scrugg's
Counsellor
According to the late Inftrument of Government of 42 Strings or Articles, A Parliament,
one whereof was, that a Parliament fhould be called every three years, the first and met, Sep.
the third of September next; He accordingly Iffued out his Writs, the Election 3.
to be made one and the fame day throughout England: molt of the Boroughs
had but one Burgefs, and the Shires fome of them tix or feven Knights; all of
them under fure qualifications of not having been or being of the Cavalier-
party: There were 30 alfo by the Inftrument Elected for Scotland, and as ma-
ny for Ireland; all or moft of whom were English Commanders. On the
third of September they met, and adjourned from the Houſe to the Abbey, where
Mr. Marshal Preached; and fo to the Painted Chamber, where they had a Mef-
fage from the Protector to invite them to a Sermon the next day again, when
Dr. Goodwyn Preached; and the Protector came in great State in his Coach;
Cleypole the Maſter of his Horſe, and Strickland the Captain of his Guard, bare-
headed on both fides. At his entrance into the Church, Lambert carried the
Sword before him, and Whitlock the Purſe. The Sermon done, to the Painted
Chamber again, and there in a Speech he fet forth theſe Heads :
That fome few years ago none would have thought of fuch a Door of Hope Cromwel's
that he knew there were yet many Humours and Interests, and that Humours were speech.
above Interest; that the condition of England was like Ifrael in the Wilderness, (of
which the Sermon was) that this was a Healing day: there was neither Nobleman,
B b b 2
3100
364
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
Several Ordi-
R
nor Gentleman, nor Yeoman before known by any diftin&lion; we had not any that
bore Rule or Authority, but a great Contempt of Magistracy and Christ's Ordinan-
ces: That the Fifth Monarchy was highly cried up by persons who would Aſſume
the Government, but that defired thing wanted greater manifeftation than appeared
for fuch men to change the Authority by. (And this directed at the late Parlia-
ment.) He defired this Honourable Affembly to remedy all thefe Diſorders; shewed
that the Wars with Portugal, French, and Dutch, do and did eat up the Affeff-
ments; that swarms of Jefuits are crept in to make Divifions, which were grown
fo wide, that nothing but his Government could remedy them; and let men say what
they will, he could ſpeak it with comfort before a greater than any of them. Then
he shewed what he had done during his Government. First,his endeavour of Reforming
the Laws, having joyned all parties to affist in that great Work: Next, bis filling
the Benches with the ablest Lawyers: Then, his Regulation of the Court of Chan-
cery, and his Darling-Ordinance for approbation of Miniſters, (which hindred all
that lift from invading the. Miniſtry) by men of both perfwafions, Presbyterians
and Independents, &c. And lastly, his being Inftrumental to call a Free Parliament,
which he valued, and would keep it so above his life.
que-
Then he shewed the advantages of the Peace with Dutch, Dane, and Swede, and
the Protestant Intereft, which he would have them improve and intend chiefly: That
they were now upon the edge of Canaan: That he spake not as their Lord, but their
Fellow-fervant. And then bad them go and chufe their Speakers which they did
without prefenting of him, his Name William Lenthal, the old Chair-man; and
next day fell upon the Instrument, as they had Voted, by Parts as it lay, and
ftioned the Power: which Oliver understanding, to put them out of that Courſe,
which touched his Copy-hold, after 9 days ke came to the Painted Chamber, and
fending for them, declared and afferted four Fundamentals in the Inftrument, which
they were not to meddle with or to alter. 1. The Government by a Single perſon
and Parliament. 2. The Imperpetuity of Parliaments, or continued Succeffion.
3. The Militia, which was his onely. And 4. Liberty of Confience. And that
a Free Parliament was but a reciprocation; for that power which made him a Pro-
tector, made them a Parliament; and therefore was very forry they should go about
to destroy the Settlement; which to prevent, and ceafe fuck Debates, (though he
denied any Negative Voice) he was neceffitated to appoint a Teft or Recognition
of the Government as it was established (ty every Member) before they fate in the
Houſe again.
་
This bogled at the first three quarters of them, efpecially the Common-
wealths men, and thoſe of the late Long Parliament; fo that of four hundred
and odd, there appeared but two hundred; but were made up at laft three hun-
dred, for the old ones would not be baulked fo, and fell afreth upon the fame
difputes, and ran out all the Articles, refolving to put the whole judgem.nt of
the Houfe upon them into one entire Bill, and fo prefent it; Lut in truth to fpin
cut time, and work upon the Protector's occafions for Money, which was pro-
Fofed in the Houfe, and coldly and flowly confidered.
Jaft at their fitting down, the Protector publiſhed feveral Ordinances; which
nances publish- being paffed, and bore date before, were to pafs as Authentick as Acts by the In-
ed in Parlia- ftrument: one for paying the Money into the Treafury that was raifed for the
ment.
propagation of the Gofpel in Wales; another for making Souldiers free of all
Corporations, and to exercife any Trades; another to turn out all honeft men
under the notion of fcandalous Preachers and Minifiers, Common-Prayer be-
ing their chi feft imputation; and a fourth to furvey Kings Lands, &c. and for
doubling upon D.ans and Chapters; which falcs thofe many changes of Power
had much retarded and depretiated. The more occult caufe of the publi-
cation of theſe Ordinances, was to let the Parliament understand that Qli-
ver took his Inftrument to be in a good Cafe, and fufficiently warranted al-
ready.
Amidſt theſe Jars and diſcords about it, the Serpentine Charms of Cardinal
Mazarine,
f
1654.
365
England, Scotland and Ireland.
the Weft-In-
dies, Sep.
Mazarine had lulled the Protector in an imaginable Dream of the worlds Wealth,
and rich Empire of America, to divert his neer defignes upon the neighbourhood The defigne on
of France, to which War he was the rather enclined, from the near allyance
of this Crown to that, and having excluded its Intereft in Holland, to drive it
out of that Kingdom: But the policy of the Cardinal fo outreached that de-
figne, that it extended his thoughts to the other World, giving him the fruition
of Great Alexander's Wifh. This complot between them, which of the Spa-
nish and Engliſh fide very much conduced to the French, was moft pertinaci-
ously fecreted to the very time of publick Hoftility in thofe American parts,
though it was gueſſed at, and the noiſe of Hifpaniola was very rife in difcourfe
about this time. The Protector began to Arm for the expedition, in November
and December, 2000 men, old Royalifts, and reduced neceffitated perfons ma-
king up the grofs of the Army; to which fome Red-coats for the more terrour
and affurance were added, being drawn by Lot out of the ſeveral Regiments.
The Command of the Land-fervice was conferred upon Colonel, now General
Venables, a confident of Cromwels, who very unmanly carried his Wife with
him; and General Pen for Sea, who at the end of December was ready at Portf
mouth, where attended Colonel Hayns Major-General of the Army, and depar-
ted firft with the Rear-Admiral Blag for Barbadoes, and was followed foon
after by the whole Fleet, who had on board Commiffioners for managing the
Treaſure that was expected from the Mountains of Gold; which Publicans,
like Achans in the Camp, were one chief caufe of the fuccefsleffness of this
Indian War. On the 29 of January following, the whole Fleet arrived, after
a good and speedy paffage, at Carlisle-Bay, in the Ifle of Barbadoes, all except
the two Charities, which were driven by Weather into Ireland, putting out to
Sea after the Fleet, and were much wanted, the Hories for the fervice being
aboard them; and here for a while we leave them.
Craven and
The Parliament after they had chawed upon the Recognition, and voted it
not to be taken as abſolute in every point of the Inftrument, limited it onely
to the Single perfon, and fucceffive Parliaments; and continued their debates
as high as ever, refolving themſelves into a Grand' Committee, to examine every The Parl. Ex-
particle of it; another to hear and examine the Cafe of the Lord Craven, and amine the Cafes
Sir John Stawel, and to give redrefs to them, (for there were abundance of of the Lord
good Patriots in the Houfe, and who were refolved to do their Country fer- Sir John Sta-
vice.) The Cafes were accordingly heard; Mr. Serjeant Maynard of Counfel wel.
with the Lord Craven, and Latch for the Purchafers; who argued it very hard:
but before a Report could be made, which was in favour of his Lordship, Crom-
wel terminated his hopes, (and it was in vain to look for remedy from him,
for that would deter all future Purchaſers) and the Parliaments fitting; for
he had never heard from them fince their coming thither, telling them after
many good morrows, of a deligne of the comnion Enemy, (to whoſe hands
it was then agreed by fome of themfelves whom he could difcover, to deliver
the Caufe, and the good people, &c.) and fo they parted. Cromwel ſpake not
without book, for at that time he held good intelligence with one Manning,
one of the Clerks belonging to the Secretary with the King now at Colen, where
he was molt amply, and with more than cuftoniary honours welcomed from
the Spaw and Aken in Germany. From Colen the King to convey his Sifter in-
to Holland, brought her on her way to Duſſeldorp, to the Duke of Newburgh,
where they were no lefs fùmptuoufly treated; thence the King journeyed with
the Princeſs as far as Benningen on the way, and returned to Hunt with the
faid Duke, the King's Cordial and moft Noble Friend. At his return to Colen, The Duke of
the Marquels of Ormond had conducted and brought away the Duke of Glou- Gloucefter
cefter from the Jefuits Colledge at Paris, who with the Queen-Mother (that with the King
fent the Marquess of Praflin, and the Lord Abbot Mountague, to perfwade him at Colen,
him to ſtay, and not to diſpleaſe his Mother, but follow her advice, which was
to have him trained up in the Romish Religion) laboured to that purpoſe :
but the young Prince understanding his Brothers pleafure, anfwered according
as
366
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
५
1
1
as his bleffed Father had enjoyned him, That he was to obey his Soveraign before
bis Mother and fo came away with the Marquefs to the King.
General Blake was in the interim fet to Sea for the Streights, and it was
given out to intercept the Duke of Guife, who was then going to invade the
Kingdom of Naples; but he was landed 14 days before he came to that Coaſt,
though he might have prevented him if he had had fuch Commiflion; but the
League was certainly ftruck betwixt the Cardinal and Protector, however they
vented fuch talk to amufe the Spaniard; for every day there was news of a
Rupture and an Embargo in France; and the Cardinals Regiment was in good
earneft drawn down to the Sea-fide by Deip, on purpoſe to countenance theſe
rumours. Blake from Naples came into Leghorn-road, and demanded 150000 1.
damages, for what we fuitained in the Fight with Van Galen; but what fatif
faction he received, is uncertain. From whence he failed for Algiers, being met
at Sea by De Wit the Dutch Vice- Admiral, and faluted with extraordinary re-
ſpect, and civilly treated as yet by the Spaniards themſelves, as alfo at Lisbon
by that King. At Naples they would have invited him on fhore; but the wa-
Gen. Blake a ry Commander excufed himſelf by Command from the Protector not to leave
his Charge; in which we ſhall at prefent leave him.
wary Com-
mander.
Cromwel's
Mother dieth,
and is Buried
in State, in
Hen. 7th's
Chappel.
Mr. John Sel-
den dyes.
Fleetwood
of
made Deputy
Ireland, Steel
Lord-Chancel-
lour, and Pe-
Pys Lord-
Chief- Justice.
The Cavaliers
and Fifth- Mo-
narchy-Plot.
Maj. Gen. Q-
verton, Col.
Okey, and q-
ther Officers
Cashiered:
Overton Com-
mitted to the
Tower.
1
On the 18 of November died (the unhappy Parent of this ufurper ) His
aged Mother, who lived to fee her Son through fuch a Deluge of Blood (wim to
a perplexed Throne, in the beſt ſhare of whofe greatneſs the was concerned, as
to the Princely accommodation of her maintenance in Life, and burial in Death's
being laid in Henry the feventh's Chappel in great ſtate. On the firſt of De-
cember following, died that moft Famous and Learned Antiquary Mr. John
Selden, a perſon of fuch worth and Uſe, that no Learned Eye could refrain a
tear upon the confideration of Death, and its rude indifferencing hand, which
mingled the Duft of this great Reftorer, with the putrid Rottennefs of her, that
was the Womb to this Destroyer.
In Ireland all things continued very quiet, Fleetwood being (worn Lord-De-
puty, Steel made Lord Chancellour of that Kingdom, and Pepys Lord-Chief-
Juftice; and Corbet, Goodwyn, Thomlinson, and Colonel Robert Hammond of the
Council: by whom the Tranfplantation was fo profecuted, that the firſt of
March was the longest day of refpit, upon very fevere penalties. In the mean
while this new Deputy and Council, till the arrival of Steel, diverted themſelves
in Progreſs through the Kingdom. In January arrived at London an Embaſ-
fador, the Marquels Hugh Fiefco, from the State of Genoa, and was fplendidly
received and 'dilmiffed.
The effects of this Parliament-rupture, encouraged two moft oppofite par-
ties to confpire against the Protector, the Fifth-Monarchiſts and Cavaliers; (for
as to the Commonwealth, having once loft their Army, they were miferably
inconfiderable, and the Herd of the Rebellious multitude followed any thing
that could continue it in what form foever.) A Monarchy was fought on by
all hands, the true Royal party (for we mult to diſtinguiſh it) longed for
their rightful Soveraign Charles the Second, the Fifth-Monarchy expected
King Jefus, the Courtiers and thofe engaged by them or with them with
Cromwel himself, defired King Oliver: and every of thefe manifeſted much im-
patience, but none of them could attain their Wilhes; and when Oliver might
afterwards, he durft not. The Protector was no way ignorant of this
and
therefore he refolved to deal with the weakeſt firſt, which yet by underminings
was more dangerous than the other, The Army was corrupted by that Mille-
nary Principle, and that was to be purged; fo that as Harrison and Rich had
been laid afide, and not long after committed with Care and Courtney into
feveral remote Caitles: fo now General Monke had order to feize Major-Gene-
ral Overton, and the Majors Brampton and Holms, and other Officers, and Ca-
fhire them, after Fines and good Security for their Behaviour. Overton was
fent up to the Tower, and his Regiment,conferred on Colonel Morgan. Colo-
nel Okey's Regiment was likewife taken from him, and given to the Lord
Howards
,
1654.
367
England, Scotland and Ireland.
!
Howard; and fo the danger from the Army was quickly fuppreft. Cornet
(but fince: Colonel) Joyce was likewife male-content at this change, and figni-
fied fo much to Cromwel's Face, whom he upbraided with his own fervice, and his
faithlefnefs; but efcaped any other Cenfure than a bidding him be gone; Crom-
wel well knowing him to be one of thofe mad-men that would ſay or do any
thing they were bid.
་
1
But the Royalifts defigne was of a more potent combination, and had been The Kings de-
truly formidable, had it not by Treachery and Treafon been revealed to the figne discovered
Protector, who came by that means to know the rife, progrefs, and first appea- by Manning.
rance of thoſe Arms against him; and this was Manning's perfidy, which the
King too late diſcovered. All the Gentlemen in England of that party were
one way or other engaged, or at leaſt were made acquainted with it, but the
fnatching of the principal of them up throughout the Kingdom a little before
the Execution of it, fruftrated the moſt probable effects of that Rifing.
The Lord Mayor, &c. of the City of London was likewife fent for, and in-
formed of it, and the Militia eftabliſhed; Skippon being made their Major-
General there: feveral perfons under the character of diffolute perſons were
feized by vertue of a Proclamation to that effect; as alfo all Horse-races were
forbidden Counterplots were uſed, and all forts of Ammunition were ſent
down to feveral Gentlemens Houſes with Letters unſubſcribed, and the faid
Gentlemen upon receipt fecured,and brought up Prifoners, to bear company with
the old ftanders of that party; and a Ship-chandler, one Frefe, and a Merchant
or two trepan'd this way: Sir Ralph Vernon of Derby-fhire, an old Royalift, sir Ralph
was Committed, and Examined before Oliver, concerning a Trunk of Piftols, Vernon Impris
and who ſent them: Who refolutely answered, his Self; which fo dafht fonete
him, that he was without one word more diſmiſt, but not from his Imprifon-
ment.
Sir Joſeph
Penruddock,
Notwithſtanding all thefe difcouragements and warnings to give over, the
Weſtern Affociation thought themſelves in Honour engaged to rife upon the western Infur-
day which they had agreed upon with one another in the other parts, and had rection.
notified to the King, who was now removed from Colen, and abfconded himſelf
neer the Sea-coaft, upon the firft fuccefs of the Affair to be ready to pass over
to his Friends. Accordingly on the 11 of March, being Monday, (very early
in the Morning) a party of 100 under the Command of Sir Jofeph Wagstaff,
Colonel Penruddock, and Grove, entred the City of Salisbury, (at which time Wagstaff, Col.
the Judges Kolls and Nichols were there in Circuit) and feized all their Horfes; and Grove, at
and having declared the cauſe of this appearance (without any further injury Salisbury.
or medling with any Money which lay in the Chambers of Serjeant Maynard
and other Lawyers) departed, promifing to return and break their Faft with
the Judges Provifions; which they did,and encreafed their number to 400; and
had they returned once more, the whole City had rifen with them. Thence
they marched to Blandford, where Colonel Peuruddock himſelf Proclaimed the
the King in the Market-place, and fo marched Weftward; Captain Butler with The King Pro-
claimed at
two Troops of Cromwel's Horfe keeping at a diſtance in their Rear, to give them Blandford,
opportunity of encreaſing; but,by the means aforefaid,very few came in, which March.
made a great many more flink away from the party, when they faw no hopes
of that great number promifed and expected. But the Noble Penraddock refol-
ved yet to try what could be done in Devonshire and Cornwal: and as to him, it
was all one whether he retreated or went forward, for he was engaged too
far already. In this condition ſome 100 of the moſt faithful and cordial of
the party, Hungry, Sleepy, and Weary, having ſtaid no where, reached South-
molton in Devonshire, hoping at worft to get away by Sea; but that night, on
15 of March, their Quarters were beaten up by Captain Crook, about ten a
clock, and fome Houfes forced: but Colonel Penruddock maintained his quar- Penruddock
ters till he had Quarter promiſed, and Articled; which Grook afterwards un- and Grove
worthily and barely denied. There were taken with him Colonel Jones a Kinf- taken.
man of Cromwel's, and Colonel Grove an old Royaliſt, and ſome 60 other Priſo-
the
>
?
+
ners,
E
i
368
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Sir Jofeph
Wagstaff ef
capes.
ners, and 120 Horle, Sir Jofeph Wagstaff, Mr. Robert Maſon, Eſquire Clark,
and Mr. Thomas Mompeffon efcaped beyond Sea; and fo this unhappy effort
was fuppreffed. There were fome fhadows of the like at Rufford Abbey in
Nottinghamhire, at Heffen-moor in Tork-fhire, neer Wrexham in Montgomery, in
Northumberland; for which fome were Executed; and a like rumour of a de-
figne upon Shrewsbury, (Sir Henry Slingsby in Cuftody, and Sir Richard
Maleverer and Mr. Hutton taken, who fled for it, and were retaken at Chester,
from whence they made a final eſcape) and Sir Thomas Harris and the Lord
Newport fecured thers upon; but all vaniſhed and came to nothing, and thoſe
mighty and pregnant hopes of the King's Reftitution, now in every, mans.
Mouth and Wish, proved fruftraneous bac vice; and Oliver very prajeant that
he could thus over-reach the King in his own Defignes.
This Treafon came to be diſcovered to the King in this manner: Some Gen-
tlemen that were feized upon their coming home, having vifited his Majeſty at
Colen, who was pleafed upon their parting to go to the Stairs head with them,
and expreſſed ſome good apprecations of a defigne, which at their Examina-
tion were verbatim interrogated, if they were not ſpoken at ſuch a time: Ad-
vice hereof was given to the King, who remembring none but Colonel Tuke
and this Manning, who light the Candle, to be prefent at the parting the fame.
time, declared the whole matter to the Colonel, who furprized with the news,
having proteſted his Innocency, by the Kings command went directly to Man-
ning's Chamber, and not ſtaying the opening of the Door, forced it, and found
him a chawing of Papers, and a Packet by him newly come from Thurloe; bục
ſo agaft, that he knew not what to ſay: His Father had been flain a Colonel in
the Kings Service, as is afore related; he himſelf had been the Earl of Pem-
broke's Secretary; and for thefe confiderations admitted into this Truft,which he
fo bafely abuſed. At the inftance of the whole Court, the King was prevailed
Manning shot upon to let him be fhot in one of the Caftles of the Duke of Newburgh, (to
terrifie all other faithleſs and difloyal Servants, and to ſatisfie for fome of that
Blood Cromwel had fpilt upon the ſcore of his Perfidy) where he wretchedly
and moſt abjectly died.
in the Duke of
Newburgh's
Country.
Major Wild-
man Commit
ted.
Cromwel had drawn 4000 Foot out of Ireland, under Colonel Axtel and
Sadler, and 600 Horfe were marching out of Scotland, two Troops whereof
came from Ireland by that ſhort cut of Sea to Ayre; but upon the quelling of
this Weftern-rifing they all were remanded. In February happened another
terrible Fire in Fleet Street, neer the Horn-Tavern, which begun in a Grocers
A terrable fire
zz Fleet-ſtreet houſe, and conſumed eleven more'; the like happened at Aberfoyle in Scotland;
London, an- but far greater for quantity. Major Wildman, a great Leveller, was taken
neer Marleborough inditing Declarations against the Protector, and was
foyle in Scot.
committed to Chepstow and the Lord Gray of Grooby was brought Priſoner to
land.
Leiceſter, but upon application made to Oliver not long after releaſed. Lockhart
(one of the Scotch Judges) Married Oliver's Niece about this time, and grew
famous thereby in the proceſs of the Rebellion. The regulation of Chancery
and Hackney-Coaches took force now. Another horrible Fire in Thredneedle-
Coaches regula. ftreet, to the loss of 200000 l.. and upwards. One Harris (that was Hanged
afterwards in 1661. for Counterfeiting the Lord Chancellor Hide's Hand, and
breaking of a houfe therewith by armed Souldiers, and was one of thofe that
carried a Javelin at the Kings Martyrdome) about this time Cheated one Man-
ton and other Merchants with a counterfeit Licenſe, (as from Cromwel) for
Harris a great Importing fome Oyls and Whalebone from Holland, which were forbidden by
the Act, and got neer 1000l. of them. Commiffary-General Reynolds was
made a kinde of Major-General of North-Wales, which Module obtained all over
England foon after, but this was the proto-type.
The Chancery
and Hackney-
ted.
in Thrednee-
A great fire
dle-ſtreet
London.
cheat.
Herefies and
Sells.
The infenfible and unregarded growth of all Herefie and Errour,in this licen
tious Toleration which invaded the Church, among many other moft pernicious
Tenets befides, &c. made the Socinian to paſs unobſerved in this Chronicle, fince
it would have been an Augean labour to cleanfe the Current of time from that
Sink
1
1655.
369
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Sink and Colluvious Filth of thoſe Monftrqus Opinions. Upon this ſcore, the
Racovian-Catechism; its divulgation, and the fuppreffion of it by the Execatio-
ner's Hands in the Fire, came to be omitted in the year preceding: As like-
wife Biddle the famous Seducer and Teacher of thoſe Blafphemous Principles, Biddle a fa-
who was by this Dumb Parliament (as Oliver called it ) committed to the mous feducer,
Gate-houſe, and thence ſent to a remote Priſon, and his Books Burnt in the fame Publisher of the
manner, (befides the Engliſhing of the Alchoran, and the three Grand Impostors techifm.
damned for fhame) mift his due obfervation, which therefore are here added The Turkiſh
in the cloſe of this year.
Racovian Ca-
Alchoran Eng
lished.
The three grand
Impoſtors, 4
feditious pieces
Anno Dom. 1655.
He Cabal of Cardinal Mazarine and Cromwel's defigne was now viſible in
the West Indies, and that formidable and amufing Expedition difplayed to
thofe parts of the World: The rich Conceits the Ufurper cherished from thence,
appeared in thoſe frequent divertiſements he gave himſelf beyond his ufual re-
fervedneſs, and from that more than ordinary Pomp and State he arrogated to
himſelf, like another Grand Seignior: nothing but Golden Smiles to be ſeen
in his Court, where the folemn Cringe and the parafitical Glaver were as much
now Audied, to humour this Greatnefs, as matriculating and introducing Piety,
and auftere Hypocrifie. And never was fuch a ftrange mixture in the Arts of
any Courtier as thefe Times beheld, much like the myſteries of the as ftrange-
ly framed and tempered Government. With much impatience did all men
indeed await the iffue of this grand Affair; and to be certain, the Hours could
not be less tedious to them, to whom belonged the approaching Golden Age:
but Parturiunt montes,
The following abftract will admonish the great
ones, that Fortune is not to be over-tempted; and that without the Concurrence
of good Deliberation, Conduct, and Valour, fhe is not always obliged to her
Favourites.
But to proceed during the abode of the Fleet 'at Barbadoes, the Generals,
Colonels, and inferiour Officers were not negligent in their ſeveral ſtations.
General Pen caufed the Carpenters of each fhip to fet up thofe Shallops which
were brought over in quarters out of England; and ordered the Coopers to
trim and fit Water-Casks: Befides, he fent two Frigats to St. Christophers and
Mevis, for raifing of Voluntiers there. In the mean time, General Venables for-
med a new Regiment of Seamen to ferve upon occafion at Land; theſe were
put under the conduct of Vice-Admiral Goodfon; the teft of the Regiments
brought out of England, were eafily compleated to a full number; likewiſe a
Troop of gallant Horſe were raiſed by the Iſlanders, at their own coft and char- Hifpaniola
ges: (the Carcafes of which were afterwards buried in the Souldiers Bellies, and Jamaica
for want of better food. But theſe were not all the ftrength; for the Planters Expedition.
Servants underſtanding that if they would ferve the State, their time fhould ftill
go on, and that at laft (in fpight of their Maſters) they ſhould enjoy their Free-
doms in as ample a manner as if they had ſerved them; this fpurred them on
to become Souldiers of Fortune; and many were prefently lifted into feveral
Regiments accordingly. The Fleet was alfo augmented by twenty fail of
Dutch Veffels, which were made prize for prefuming to traffique with Prohibited
Goods, contrary to the Articles of Peace betwixt the two Nations. The Land-
Army being now in readineſs, their number was found to be fo great, that eve-
ry ſhips fhare was as many as it could carry. March 31 they fet Sail from Bar-
badoes, and in fix days after came by the Lee under St. Christophers: Here joy-
ned with them about 1300 more, which came off from feveral Islands, in hopes
to be made for ever: from hence they fhaped their courfe directly for Hifpani-
Css
ola-
1
372
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
་
1
ola. On the 13 of April, the whole Navy came fair by the Ifland, and plainly
diſcovered the Town of Sancta Domingo: Immediately hereupon a Council
was called, and the Guides confulted withal: here it was concluded that Gene-
ral Venables should to Land. According to which refolution, the next day he
landed about ten Leagues to the Weft-ward of the Town, with 7000 Foot, a
Troop of Horſe, and three days Provifion of Victuals. No fooner were they
landed, but every mans Tongue was tipt with Gold; nothing could be thought
on, but the plunder of Plate and Jewels; fmall things could not enter their
minds as for Hangings, Houfholdituff, &e. they would be cumberſome to
carry; and therefore they refolved to leave fuch things behinde them. In this
extafie of joy was the Souldiery; when behold, upon a fudden there appeared
a Proclamation from the General, commanding, that when they entred the
Town of Sancta Domingo, no man fhould plunder either Money, Plate, or Jew-
els, neither kill any tame Cattle, on pain of Death. This made the Army look
Sower on their imaginary Sweetness; their Golden Hearts were now turned
tò Leaden Heels; fo that it was indifferent to them, whether they went farther,
or tarried there yet for all this, on they marched through Woods of incredi-
ble thickneſs, meeting no Enemy, except the exceffive heat of the Sun, which
cauſed an intolerable drought, that oppreffed them forely, having not had one
drop of Water in many miles march, but what they carried in their own Blad-
ders; fo that Urine was as White-wine to them that could fwallow it.
General Pen, after the landing of theſe men, fet afhore three Regiments
more, under the Command of Colonel Buller, in a Bay where a fair Freſh-water-
River disburdened it felf; this was within two Leagues of the Town, and ap-
pointed to be the place for conjunction of the whole Army. It was not long
before the General, (according to the appointment) having peaceably paſt the
Woods, came to the River, and joyned himſelf with Boller's Brigade. Here up-
on view, the Army was found to be 9700 (but few fighting) men. From this
River the Army hafted away to take poffeffion of the Town, which in imagina-
tion was already won: there marched on before the reſt, a Forlorn Hope, con-
fifting of 500 men; afterward followed the main Body of the Army. In this
order they marched within four miles of the Town, when on the ſudden, a
A fudden and
fmall
Strange Defeat
of Spaniards encountered the Forlorn Hope, and in an inſtant for-
party
to the English. Ced them in confufion through the next Regiment, which was alfo routed: the
Body of the Army coming up to their refcue, made the Enemy to retire to a
Fort hard by in the Woods, without any confiderable lofs at all to the Spaniards.
On the English fide was flain Captain Cox, the chief Guide for the place, and
many others.
They Rally.
The General having now feen the imbecility of his men, through want of
Water and many other neceffaries, he caufed them to march back again to the
River, from whence they came to refresh themſelves, in order to a full profecu-
tion of the defigne in hand. To which end, Scaling-Ladders were made, and
two fmall Drakes mounted, with a Morter-piece and Granado-fhells, which
were landed from the Fleet: theſe were conveyed by Water to be fet on fhore
at a convenient place neer the Fort.
All things being now in readiness, to try conclufions, the Army once a-
gain diflodged, and were by the Guides promiſed to be brought upon the
Town of St Domingo by a private way, where they might pafs thorough the
Woods free from any Fort. Such a way there certainly was, but theſe blinde
Guides taking another to be it, the whole Army were brought neer to the
place where before they had been fhamefully repulfed. The Spaniards in the
mean time having certain intelligence by Negroes and Molattoes of the English
march, prepared to entertain them in their paffage. April 25, 1655. the whole
Army approached near to a Fort which the Spaniards had in the Wood, built
of Brick, in a triangular form, without Flankers; in it were nine pieces of good
Ordnance, and 300 refolute fellows to manage them. The English Army, a
little before noon, approaching neer this Fort, were upon the fudden charged
by
1655.
371
England, Scotland and Ireland,
í
by a party of the Enemy that lay undiſcovered among the Trees. Theſe refolute,
Spaniards, being about ſeventy in number, at firſt fired a round Volley of ſmall
fhot upon the Forlorn Hope, and then flew in like mad-men with their fharp
Steel-Lances upon the English, (who were already even fuffocated with Thirst,
and hardly able to ftand, much less to fight) ſo that in a moment the General's
running-Regiment, with halt the Army, flew back to the Rear, and poffeft their And are again
fellows there with fuch a Pannick fear, that every one began to fhift for himſelf. Defeated by the
Mean while the Spaniards purſued the Victory with the greatest flaughter they Spaniards.
were able to make: for meeting with no reſiſtance, (but what that ever-Re-
nowned Gentleman Major-General Hayns was able to make with twelve men,
(whom he engaged by the honour of their Country) one whereof was Enfigne
Boys, who died not unrevenged in the midst of their Enemies) they wreaked
their fury at pleaſure on theſe frighted men; till at last, being overcome with
killing, they retreated back in Triumph with ſeven Engliſh Colours, the evi-
dent Trophies of their Victory. The retreat of the Enemy gave opportunity
for the Living to number the Dead. Upon view, it was found that 600 were
flain outright, 300 Wounded, (moft in their backs) and befides 200 more
crept into Buſhes, and ran away to fave themſelves, which afterward were
knockt on the head by Negrees and Molattoes.
?
Upon this fad diſaſter, the Army that night drew up nearer the Spaniſh Fort,
as if they intended fome mighty matters; and having planted a Morter-piece
in a convenient plot of ground, and all things being ready to do Execution on
the Fort; upon a füdden the Souldiers were ordered to draw off: So the Army
without doing any thing marched away to their old Watering-place in the Bay.
To what intent and purpoſe this was, could never yet be comprehen-
ded.
The Army being come into the Bay, had not that fupply of Victuals from the
fhips as formerly, but were neceffitated by parties to go into the Woods to catch
Cattle, which many times coſt them dear: for the Negroes inftead of hunting
Cows, would oftentimes change their Game, and breathe them back again to
their Quarters.
Thele things brought the Army to fuch diftrefs, that (fearing to fight for
Food abroad) they exerciſed their Valour at home upon the Troop-horſes be-
longing to their own Army. Thus did they continue for fome days, till a re-
ſolution was taken to Imbarque them, and with all ſpeed to make for Jamaica.
May the third day, (all the remaining part of the Army being ſhipped with-
out the leaſt diſturbance from the Spaniard) the Fleet fet fail for the aforefaid
Mand.
This difaftrous defeat, was rightly imputable to theſe foregoing caufes, but confiderations
there were others alfo, as namely the Diſcipline, or rather the Licentioufnefs of this defeat.
and Debauchery of thofe Auxiliary-Iilanders; a crue of fuch diffolute Fellows,
that were fitter to work and flave in the Mines, than to fight for the Gold. But
they did not alone fruftrate the affured hopes of Victory, (for it is fuppofed they
were not lifted but for number, and to make Drudges) but made the defeat far
more miferable,by eating up the Provifions defigned for the Army, who were ſet
on ſhore very weak and feeble, at ſo ſtrange and unreaſonable diſtance, when the
advice was they ſhould have landed at the Bay of Domingo, while the Spaniard
was in his Cups, and the Town overflowed with Drink and Gladness for the
arrival of their Fleet thither, they fuppofing this Armada of ours to be their
own about that time expected. There was fuch a complication of errours and
misfortunes, through the infufficiency and ill Conduct of the General, to fay
no worſe, and the faintnefs of the Souldier, caufed by the carelessness of their
Friends, who fhould better have Provifioned them, and the terrour of their
Enemies, befides the fcorching heat of the Sand, which made it painful to
ſtand or go, that hardly any Expedition in Hiſtory can parallel it; for they were
beaten in a manner without a Blow.
Yet theſe miſeries were not at an end; it was not yet cafily refolvable what
fhould
Ccc 2
372
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
James Duke
dieth.
fhould be done with this frighted and peſtering multitude; for all the Victual
was ſpent, and it was impoffible to turn to Windward with fuch a company and
fo little fuftenance and fome thoughts there were of abandoning this impo-
tent wretched Crue, and return to the Barbadoes; but it was their kinde and
undeſerved fate that propofed the Ifland of Jamaica, whither on the 3 of May
they directed their courſe, and without any oppofition Landed; there being a
refolution made by the Council of War, (to prevent the like Cowardife) that
if any man turned his back to the Enemy, his Bringer-up fhould kill him. The
Spaniards having no intelligence of the late overthrow at Hifpaniola, nor indeed
fufpecting any Hoftility, fled away at the approach of this formidable Army,
and withdrew their Goods; their pretended Governour ftaving off the Engliſh
with a Treaty, while all was conveyed away into the Woods, whither parties.
were fent, to follow and to kill Cattle for the Army, of which they found very
good, and good ſtore, without any fighting: which no doubt was a great com-
fort, and gave them time to recover their Spirits; fo that afterwards they
dreaded not a Molatto, as they lighted upon them in parties in thoſe Forreſts of
Cedar, and other excellent Phyſical and uſeful Trees; where for a while we
leave them.
At home another Portugal Embaffador arrived, and brought a Ratification of
the Treaty, that King having confented to the Damages adjuſted in one of
the Articles thereof. A Commiffion paffed under the Seal likewife for the Try-
al of thoſe Weſtern Gentlemen taken at Southmolton; two of whom, Colonel
Penruddock and Jones, being brought up from Exeter, were Examined here by
Cromwel; but nothing could be extracted to the prejudice of their Confede
rates, whofe Eftates he aimed at; and fo they were re-guarded to their former
Cuſtody. In the interim whereof, James the noble Duke of Richmond died of a
of Richmond Quartan Ague, that had held him above a year, contracted as 'tis fuppofed from
a continued and Confumptive grief for the King and his Affairs, nor was he ever
in any healthful condition fince the Martyrdom of King Charles the firit. An
Ordinance now came out, for fetling the Revenue of the poor Knights of Wind-
for; and the Truft thereof, formerly in the Dean and Chapter, was now veſted
in the Lord-Commiffioner Whitlock, Colonel Montague, Sydenham, and others;
and the five Knights Sir Richard Crane and Sir Péter Le Meir had added, were in-
corporated with the reft; the Executors being enjoyned to make good the faid
Teftators Wills to this ufe: and feveral of Cromwel's old Trojans were
now Tituladoed with this Penfionary Honour, and none elfe to be admit-
ted.
Windfor-
Kuights.
&c. May.
at Salisbury.
The Tryal of
The Commiffioners for the Tryal of the Weftern Infurrectors now fate at
Penruddock, Salisbury, April 12. Judge Windham Preſident, Dove High-Sheriff, and the Jury
Six Condemned like him: there were Condemned fix, viz. John Lucas a Mercer of a very good
Eltate at Hungerford, who ftaid in the Town when he might have eſcaped, and
fatally loft his Head: much ado there was for a Reprieve, and expected by the
Priſoner; but he was bafely diſappointed. Mr. Dean, Mr. Kenſey, Mr. Thorp,
John Laurence, and John Fryer, all but Dean Hanged at the Common place of
Execution: Mr. Henry and Edward Zouch and Mr. Willoughby were acquitted;
Mack the Apothecary pleaded Guilty, and was pardoned. Thence they pro-
ceeded to Exeter, where one of Oliver's Knights Sir John Coppleston was Sheriff,
26 at Exeter. and Condemned 26, eleven whereof (befides Colonel Penruddock and Grove,
that were Beheaded, where they both Loyally and undauntedly juftified their
defigne, and the Kings indubitable Right) were Hanged, and buried afterwards
in a very folemn and decent manner in that City; which generally, to a great
number of people, attended their Corps, and defrayed the charge thereof; ex-
tending the fame civility to them dead, which they afforded liberally to them
living, providing for them in Prifon, even to fuperfluity of the beſt Provifions
to the regret and anger of Cromwel, who was contriving how to diminiſh this
plenty of the Royal party, or at leaſt to be revenged of them, at and by ano-
ther RATE. At Chard in Somerſet-ſhire, in their return, they Condemned
five,
And five at
Chard.
1
1
1
1655.
373
England, Scotland and Ireland.
five, the principal whereof was Major Hunt, whom his Sifters coming to vi- Maior Hunt's
fit and take their farewel of him over-night of his Execution, he changed bandome ef
Cloaths with one of them, (pretending before to be indifpofed, and to keep his cape.
Bed) and with a Handkerchief (as weeping and fobbing) before his eyes,
was let out, while a Guard at door watched his Sifters fleep that night; who
next Morning waking the fuppofed Major to make ready for Death, perceived
the Stratagem: this incenfed Cromwel farther, fo that he commanded all that
were in Frifon for that Rifing ſhould be forthwith Tranfported to the Caribbe- Transportation
Iſlands; and fome Argier-Merchants, or worſe, undertook it, and fold them to of Royalists,
the Barbarous and inhumane Planters, (worse than ever were the Natives)
June.
for Bond-men and Slaves. About the fame time all Jefuits and Seminaries Feluits Exiled.
were anew Exiled; and all fufpected Catholicks to abjure the Pope, Pur-
gatory, Tranfubftantiation, and all the Doctrines of that Church, or elfe all their
Eftates to be feized. The Judges Thorp and Nudigate laid down their Com- Judges Thorp
miffions in May.
and Newdl-
gate, lay down
land.
During the War in America, and for all our Fleet lay in thofe parts, the Spa- their commif-
niſh Plate-Fleet, which was thought the main aim of our preparation, and was fions.
therefore much feared for defperate, was now at Sea; and prefently the Mar-
quefs De Lede, who defended Maestricht fo bravely fome time before againſt the Marques De
Prince of Aurange, was fent Embaffador to the Protector, that the honoura- Lede in Eng-
bleness of his Perfon might gratifie Cromwel's ambition of Courtship and
>
fweeten him to the Friendship and Alliance he had in his Inftructions to offer,
and more eafily to infinuate into the mystery of this conjunct defigne. He was
nobly attended, befides a numerous train of Lacqueys in filver and Green Live-
and had Audience May 5, and continued his Complement and Cabal toge-
ther the ſpace of five Weeks, in which time moft of the action had paffed in
America, and returned unfatisfied, and re infecta, though difmift with more than
ordinary reſpects, about the middle of June.
ry,
Now happened an occafion, or rather Cromwel made it one, for him to fhew
his zeal to the Proteftant Caufe, and to fhew himſelf to the World the Cham-
pion or Hector thereof: this was alſo one ſecret ſtep and reach to the Crown,
by invading the facred Title of the Defender of the Faith, due onely to the He-
reditary Soveraigns of England. Herein alfo he aimed, as in the Proverb, to
hit two Birds with one Stone, not doubting but to finde another Mine in the
Charitable mindes and compaffion of this Nation towards the parallel fuffering
of the old Waldenfes in Piedmont to the Iriſh Maffacres; which were fet out and Cromwel pre-
dreſt here with greater skill of Butchery than the actors could handſomely do tends to com-
it there; and it was faid the Copy was drawn from that Original. Moft cer- paffionate the
tain it is, that they were in Rebellion, and that the Duke of Savoy their Sove- Waldenfes.
raign did chaſtiſe them to their Obedience, though the Marquefs Pianella a
very zealous Catholick, and the Earl of Quince the French Kings Lieutenant-
General of his Italian Armies, then joyned with that Dukes, ( and Aranger-
Souldiers have little regard to any Religion, where they may ravage without
controle) might exceed their Commiffiion in inflicting the extremity of War,
which they had brought upon themſelves, and were betore alfo odious, more
than enough to their Catholick Neighbours. Whatever the matter was, Crom-
wel takes the Maffacre for granted, enjoyns a Faſt, and at the cloſe of that, a
Collection; not limited and terminated in the liberal contributions in the Church
at the Baſon, but the Collectors and other Officers of the Pariſh, with the Mini-
fter, were to go from door to door,and ftir up the Richer fort to a chearful Con-
tribution; which indeed was very forwardly and charitably given and intended:
and forthwith Mr. (now Sir Samuel) Moreland, one of Mr. Thurloe's Secreta-
ries, was fent away as Envoy to the Court of Savoy Mr. Pell was diſpatcht to. Moreland
the Proteftant Cantons of Switzerland upon the fame account; and Mr. (now Sir in Savoy.
George) Downing was fent after Mr. Moreland, by the way of France, where he
began the complaint, and proceeded. All thofe three met together at Geneva,
to adviſe with that State how to manage this importance of Religion: but
Mr.
374
Part III
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
?
1
}
Serj. May-
nard, &c. to
the Tower.
Mr. Downing never purfued this Project farther, being remanded hence to go.
Secretary of the Council newly made for Scotland. Pell was fent of his former.
errand to the Cantons, and Mr. Moreland returned to Turin to the Duke's Court;
where perceiving this fraud of Cromwel, it was no great matter to bring him
over foon after to the Kings fervice, in which he continued.
1
Alderman Viner and Pack were made Treaſurers for this Money, which
amounted to a very large fum, and reaching the deligne of the Protector; a fmall
parcel whereof was now remitted to Geniva, the French King having newly
before accommodated the bufinefs, the Duke refufing to admit Cromwel's Medi-
ation. By this conclufion the truth appeared; for in the very liminary words,
they acknowledged the Rebellion in exprefs terms, and begged pardon of their
gracious Lord his Royal Highness; which was here imputed and charged to
the prevarication and collufion of the Cantons Mediation, and the three Pa-
ftors their Commiffioners in that affair. There was one Artifice of the Pro-
tectors to fet this bufinefs forward, and to countenance it, omitted, which was,
Addreffes from the Army here and abroad, offering their ſervice in this com-
mon Caufe of the Proteftant Religion, no way doubting but that God in his
due time would confound thofe Enemies of his People, as he had fhewn his,
Salvation by themſelves in the fame Controverfie to that day. Several Fires yet,
burſt out in many parts of the Kingdome; one in Barnaby-ftreet in Southwarks
and new diſeaſes were moft rife and mortal.
This Eafter-Term, one Mr. George Coney a Merchant having been commit-
ted by the Commiffioners of the Cultomes to the Serjeant at Arms, for refuſing
to obey their Orders and Fine fet, for not paying the dues of fome Merchandi-
zes, brought his Habeas Corpus in the Kings-Bench, where he intended to dif
prove the Authority and Legality of his Commitment, and baffle their War-
rant. To this purpoſe Serjeant Maynard, Twifden, and Mr. Wadham Wind-
ham were retained of Counfel by him; who pleading fuch matters for their
Client, as entrenched upon the Protector's pretenfions, and his Publicans Power
in that place, (into which profitable Employment they had fcrued themselves,
by a pretence of ſerving the publick gratis, and without any Salary) were in-
ftantly committed-to the Fower, to confider better of Crommel's. Prerogative,
and to help his Jaylor Berktead the Lieutenant thereof with the Fees of that
chargeable Impriſonment, where no Habeas Corpus would be allowed, except
upon the Knee; their enlargement being granted upon their Petition and Sub-
miffion to the ufurper. Thofe and the like Forces and violences in the Law,
and the fear of infaming the Bench and his own Credit, made Chief-Juftice
Rolles relinquith his place, and fue for a Quietus eft; juft as old Sir Henry Vane
deceaſed, entailing his Etate upon his Grand-fon, as divining what his Son
(with whom he died in feud ) would come to.
General Blake was yet in the Streights, demanding fatisfaction of the Algier-
Pirates for the depredations committed on the English, and required the de-
livery of the Captives of our Nation, whofe nuinber was very great: but nei-
ther of theſe would be hearkned to; whereupon Blake fent in a threataing
Meffage, to which they returned in fcorn and contempt this Aufwer:
Here are our Castles of Guletto,and Castles of Porta Ferino, do what you can do ye
think we fear the (hew of your Fleet? A Council of War being called upon
this daring affront, it was refolved to Burn thofe fhips in Ferino, in defiance of
their Stone-line Forts, and Caftles well furniſhed with Ordinance, and manned
Porta Ferino with the whole Country adjacent. On the 4 of April the attempt was made.
fight, Apr. 4. Blake and the greater thips, with their feconds, coming within Mufquet-fhot
of the Cattle and Line, which in two hours time they rendred detencelefs, dif
mounting all the Great Guns, and, clattering the Stones ſo about their Ears,
that the Enemy abandoned them, having feen their nine Ships and Frigats bur-
ning in the mean time, which was done by Boats from every thip during this
hot ſervice, atchieved in this honourable manner, Blake ſet fail again to the
fame place, and renewed his Demand, and was Anſwered in another ftrain, that
not
.
}
ļ
1655:
England, Scotland and Ireland.
not Ours, but now Thofe, were the Caftles and fhips of the Grand Seigniour,
who would be fure to require an account of them. In conclufion they came to
Treat, and did what they were beaten to, for elſe they ſaw their Thieving Trade
would be ſhort.
373
Lord Privy-
1
Nathaniel Fiennes, fecond Son to the Lord Say, and the once-famous Gover- Nath. Fien-
nour of Briſtol, was made Cromwel's Lord Privy-Seal; Recorder Steel (a grow nes made
ing Favourite for his Speeches) Lord Chief-Baron; and Lambert (yet above- Cromwel's
board) Lord-Warden of the Cinque Ports; and foon after, Serjeant Glyn was Seal, Steel
made Lord Chief Juftice of England; Mr. Parker, and Unton Crook the Father made Lord
made Serjeants. For Military Commanders, Colonel Reynolds was now Knight Chief-Baron,
ed, and ordered to carry it with him to grace Henry Crummel then preparing for Laubert Lord
Warden of the
his journey into Ireland, to be inaugurated Lord-Lieutenant in place of Fleet Cage Ports,
Cinque
wood; where he arrived in the middle of July and Captain Unton Crook was and Giyn made
rewarded for his late fervice with 200 l. per annum.
The Scotch Council was Lord Chief-
nominated and dispatched alfo, viz. General Monke, Lord Broughill Prefident, Justice.
Colonel Howard (now Earl of Carliſle) Colonel Adrian Scroop, Colonel Coo- gives prefer-
pers
Colonel Wetham, Mr. Desborough, Colonel Lockhart, Lard Swinton, and ments to five-
Downing Secretary. It was omitted that Sir Gilbert Pickering was entituled Lord- ra! Officers and
Chamberlain to Oliver, and that he had a Guard of Halberdiers in Grey-coats, others.
Welted with Black-Velvet, in the fame manner and cuftom as the Kings of Eng-
land uſed them: but this Satellitium and Band of Bailiffs, was rather out of
fear, than in regard to the honour of their Attendance. Sir William Conftable sir Wil. Con-
(one of the Kings Judges, Governour of Gloucester, and the laſt of his Name, ftable one of
which rots in his dutt) died now, and was buried in the Military way in Henry the Kings
Judges dierb,
the 7th's Chappel, lighted into his Tomb with a terrible Fire in the oppolite and is buried
Town of Lambeth.
in Hen. 7th's
Cromwel
at Lambeth.
A new Plot was how started, and moſt of the Nobility and Gentlemen of Chappel.
England fecured; Sir Geoffrey Palmer, Lord Willoughby of Parham, Lord Love- A terrible fire
lace, Earl of Lindley, Lord Newport, and Sir Richard Wingfield, Lords May- the Nebility
nard, Petre, Lucas, and land, Sir Frederick Cornwallis, &c. and this done and Gentry of
by Manning, whofe Villany was not yet difcovered; though to render an entire England fecu-
account of him, his death was before related. County-Troops were now alfo red.
eſtabliſhed for ſecurity to his Highnefs, fuch Trooper 8 l. a year pay, and more
in cafe of ſervice; a Captain 100l. and Officers proportionably and as theſe
new Forces were raiſed here, fo were other old ones disbanded in Scotland and
Ireland, in which laft place, the Disbanded were yet to be the fame kinde of
ftanding Militia, they being fetled in the Rebel Fortcited Lands, their Tenure
being their fervice, and thus that Kingdom was re-peopled. An Agent that An Agent from
had come hither from Ragotski Prince of Tranfilvania, now departed; the th: Priace of
Conſpiracy betwixt whom and the King of Sweden, and the Swede and Cromwel, Tranfilvania
departs.
was juſt ripe for Execution.
Poland.
For the terrible news came, that Carolus Gustavus with an Army of 20000 The King of
Swedes was landed in Pomerania, and fallen into Poland; and that the Palati- Sweden iz
nate of Pofen had fubmitted, and the Vice-Chancellor Radzikowsky was come
in and complied with that King; and little doubt was made of his over-running
that Kingdom: the like Treachery and other divifions among the difcontented
Nobility opening him a way. Cromwel's reach in this War was to divert the
Emperour (who was arming apace in aid of the King of Spain, and defence
of the Houſe of Austria againft the French (as foreſeeing allo the rupture of
the Peace with the Spaniard by Cromwel) in the Low-Countries, and a Peace
once by this ballance effected, to efpoufe the quarrel of our King :) to the fame
purpoſe the Tranfilvanian was engaged, who like a ftormy Cloud hung over the
Imperial Dominions, fo chat no affiftance could be had from this part of the
World. This highly difappointed the Spaniard, and retarded thofe hopes of
our King, in order to his Reftitution by Arms. He was yet at Colen, and ca-
reffed by ſeveral Princes, who Honoured his Privacy: among many others, the
Landtgrave of Heſſen gave him an honourable Vifit, and Prince Rupert, returned
from
}
TTY
276
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
A Swedish
Embajador.
Hannum the
infamous Thief,
breaks Prison
and efcapes.
Pen returns
from the Emperour, gave him his due attendance, to evidence that the Rela-
tion of a King in fome fuch cafes may be without a Kingdome or Sub-
jects.
parts
A Swedish Embaffador Named Chriftian Bond arrived here neer the fame
time, and was in great State received, according to the Amplitude of his High-
neſs and Rolt a Bed-chamber-man of this Altefs was fent recipocrally to the
King of Sweden, but was neer quitting the Coft of his Journey by a terrible.
Storm. About the time the news came of his getting afhore in fafety. Han-
num a molt notorious Thief, fufpected of the Robbery of the King at Colen,
(in which parts he was no ftranger) broke Prifon and efcaped likewife.
From the noble Exploit of Porta Ferino, Blake failed to Cadiz and thoſe
of Spain, where he found that the Armada of Spain was at Sea, to look after
the arrival of their India Fleet; and it fell out that the English and Spaniards
met together in thofe Seas, the Spaniards being 32 fhips in all; but no quar-
rel happened, for neither had Commiffion to fight. The fame indifferent
(but more cowardly) temper at the fame inftant (in Auguſt ) made the Ja-
maica-Fleet (returning home) fuffer the longed-for Plate-Fleet to pass un-
fought, when discovered in the Gult of Florida upon their Voyage to Spain;
fo that none of the Fates were wanting to make this the moft unglorious un-
dertaking of the Engliſh.
Upon a refolution taken by a Council of War at Jamaica, the greateft part
of the Fleet under General Pen fet fail for England, and neer half way home
loft the Paragon a Navy-fhip by fire; none of that company daring to come
in to her relict, becauſe of her Fowder; ſo that neer 140 men were loft by fire
and water; thofe that could fwim efcaped, being taken up by Boats after the
Blow. On the 3 of September, General Pen arrived at Portſmouth, and on the
and Venables, ninth Venables (with his Wife) very fick and much altered, and Quarter-
Sept. Mafter-General Rudyard landed at the fame place in the Marston-moore, Com-
mand by Rear-Admiral Blag; the Fleet at Jamaica confifting of fome 20 fail,
being left under the Command of Vice-Admiral Go. Upon their coming
to London, (where Venables, alledged the danger encreaſe of ſickneſs for
the cause of his return, Pen the refolution of the Council of War) they were
both Committed to the Tower, to fatisfie the expectation of the people, more
than any intention of bringing Venables to an account for this bafe and diſhonou
rable Expedition. The Cavils at the Ifle of Rbee's unfortunate buſineſs were
now regelted, and retorted upon thofe Enemies and Traducers of the King,
whofe party was very well pleafed with this difgrace done to Oliver, which car-
ried with it future advantages against the ufurpation, that had defigned this
Forrain Exchequer for the perpetual pay of his everlaſting Red-coats. Gene-
ral Blake (as was faid before) having met with the Spaniſh Fleet under the
Command of General Paulo di Contreras, waiting for the Plate-Fleet about the
Southern Cape, and mutually faluted one another, returned to Victual and re-
cruit in England, and landed at Chattam.
at
The Mart at Frankfort in Germany was held this September, which with o-
King Charles
Frankfort, ther affairs invited the King from Colen: He went from Bonne by Water, be-
ing Towed in a Pleaſure-boat, and two other neceffary Veffels for his dreffing
Provifion and accommodation, and was faluted by all the Towns neer which
they paſſed, with moſt ample Ceremonies, and where he entred, with the like
prefents. In his Company were the Prince of Aurange and the Duke of Glou-
cefter, attended by the Marquefs of Ormond, Earl of Norwich, Lord Newburgh,
Colonel Dan. Q Neal, Doctor Frazer, the Lady Stanhop, and Lord Hemfleis
her Husband, and other Domefticks. An interview had been appointed at a
Village called Koningsteyn or Kingston, betwixt Queen Christina of Sweden, then
journeying to the Aich-Duke of Inftruck's Country for Italy, where ſhe was
highly Treated by the faid Arch-Duke, and there profeffed her felf a Roman-
Catholick. The King at this Village (after the publick Ceremonies were o-
ver) had private Conference with this Princefs the space of an hour, and then
the
1
1855.
377
England, Scotland and Ireland.
the Duke of Gloucester and Princess of Aurange did the like; which paſſed, the
Noblemen and neer Attendants had reception given them. The Prince Ele-
&tor of Heidelburgh, with Prince Rupert, gave her likewiſe a vifit in this Town,
and had the fame converfe with her: Both the King and She were invited by
him to Heidelburgh, but they took feveral ways; for his Majefty having con-
tinued fome time at Frankfort, where the States and Deputies of the Empire
were affembled, to finish what was left at the Diet, ( the Kings buſineſs there
depending before that Affembly) and having been fplendidly entertained, (as He is honoura-
in all places of Germany where he came) and there received an honourable bly treated by
prefling invitation from the Prince Elector of Mentz, by his Earl Marshal, who the Prince E-
Lector of
was fent on the Embaffie with a Train to conduct him from Frankfort, depar- Mentz.
ted thence with the noife of the Cannon, and the Volleys and Acclamations of
the Citizens, and arrived at Mentz, having been feafted at a magnificent Sup-
per in a Village by the way; whence next morning in all the State that Prince
could fet out or furnish his entrance with, the King departed for Mentz, and
was there entertained two or three days with an Expence befitting his Digni-
ty, and diverted with all honourable Recreations; and with the fame Gran-
deurs departed for Colen. Molt abominable impudent fcandals were Printed in
the News-Book here of the King, and the meanness of thoſe Reſpects done
him; when it is moft true, greater Honours were not done to any Prince
in the World; fo much did the injury of his Condition advance theſe peoples
Civility.
While he progreffed hereabouts, one Dury a Minifter, fent by Cromwel, was Dury a Mini-
perambulating theſe parts with Credentials, or Commiffion from him, (who fter one of
would needs be doing in Religious Plots as well as Civil, to make himself fa- Cromwel's
mous) to difcourfe and Treat with all the Churches of the Reformed Perfwa- Agents.
fions, Calviniſts, and Latherans, about an Agreement and Union; and that the
Doctrine might be one and the fame; and that his Highness defired to be In-
ftrumental in fuch a Pious Work of general Communion: but the main of his
Miffion being to let forth Oliver, this Will in the Wip vanished and returned An Embaſſa²
for England; whither an Embaffador from Venice, that had layn fome while dor from Ve-
here incognito, appeared in that quality, in the room of Signior Pauluzzi recal- nicé comple-
led, and did notably complement Cromwel with his puiffance, valour, and pru- wel.
dence, and offered the refpects and Friendships of that Signiory. And Arguile Arguile comes
from Scotland came to kits his Highneſs Hands.
ments Crom-
to kiß bis
land Exclu
On the 24 of October, the French Peace having been fome while before con- Hands.
cluded, was folemnly Proclaimed; firft in the Court at White-hall, next at Tem-
ple-Bar,and fo in other places: and Monfieur De Bourdeaux the French Embaffa- French peace
concluded,
dor next day treated at Dinner by the Protector. In this Treaty the Royal O&ob. 24.
Family of England, all but the Queen-Mother, were totally Excluded, though The Royal Fa
the Duke of York ftill continued at Paris, (till after the arrival of Lockbart mily of Eng-
Cromwel's Emballador thither foon after) when he departed for Bruſſels, having
ded.
been complementally invited to the next Summers Campagnia. Thus Cor-
ruptio unius eft generatio alterius, the Spaniſh Peace was all to pieces; for the
fame day that the French Peace was Proclaimed, an Embargo was laid upon all
Goods in the Canaries, and the Spaniſh Embaſſador Don Alonfo de Cardenas The Spaniard
departed hence, and by Gravefend fhipt himſelf for Flanders; and a Trader declare a war
with Eng-
at Vigo in Spain was taken and ſeized; and a Declaration of War publithed by land.
that King: Whereupon, Cromwel preſently erected a Committee of Trade, of
which his Son and Heir apparent, Richard, was the first named, to confult how
to manage and fecure it. An Embargo was likewife foon after laid here upon
all ſhips, and one Mr. Maynard diſpatcht to the King of Portugal, to make fure
of his Ports,and with fome other intrigues: a Fleet was likewife preparing to fet
out to Sea,and the Footing in Jamaica refolved to be kept: Maj. Sedgewick and
Colonel Humphries, with a Squadron of ſhips, and a Regiment of 1000 freſh
men, having toucht at Barbadoes, being landed there now; where Sedgewick
fent to Command in chief, with Colonel Fortescue of the old, and moſt of the
D d d
new
:
་
378
Part III
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
5
new comers died of the Infection that was among them: Humphries with much
ado, and danger of Death, returned home in fatety. This Humphries was the
Son of him that carried the Sword before Bradshaw at the High Court.
With the commencement of this Rupture, the Protector began new practi-
fes againſt the Cavalier-party, whofe Intereft and Spirit againſt his Govern-
ment was as high as ever. He had foreſeen, that by this Peace, the King onely
ſhifted and changed that form from one quarter to another, and was as yet as
neer as ever, and in a more opportune and advantageous pofture, for that the
King of Spain and he would certainly concur again't him, and fo the Low Coun-
tries, his Provinces and Ports, be open and at the fervice of our Soveraign;
therefore his party was by all all ways, how unjutt and Tyrannical ſoever, to be
The Loyal Cler- crufht and fuppreft. It began with the Clergy, who were neither to keep
gie fuppreft.
School nor Cure, nor be Chaplains, except they gave fignal Teftimony of their
Apoftacy from the Church: It next extended to all forts of men, the reviving
Act of 1652. forbidding all Royalists, or fuch as meant well to the Peace of
the Kingdom in their fubfcription to the perfonal Treaty in 1648. by a new
Proclamation to that purpofe, from giving voices of Electing, or to be Ele-
&ted themſelves, upon their utmoft peril. Then came out a Declaration for
Decimating fuch who were actually in Arms, and to fhew the reaſons of fuch
proceedings against them. Cromwel therein taking it for granted, that the whole
Mafs of them were engaged in the late defigne of Penruddock's; and obferving
their malignity to the Government, by their refufing to match their Relations
but within themſelves, and fo to propagate the Quarrel from one generation to
another that they fupplied their King (as they called him) with Money:
that their Clergy were as refractory as ever; and that therefore fince by them
the Peace fo endangered could not be kept, nor the Caufe and the well-affected
fecured but by keeping up a ftanding Army by a conftant pay; it was requifite
the charge ſhould be born by thoſe who caufed it.
Cromwel E-
rects a new
thority.
For the better diſpatch of this affair, He had erected a new Military Autho-
Military Au- rity, like the Turkish Bafhaws, diftributed into feveral Provinces or Counties,
with an unbounded power; England being now cantoned into this Hendecarchy,
viz. Kent and Surrey under Colonel Kelsey; Suffex, Hampshire, and Berkshire
under Goff; Gloucester-fhire, Wilts, Dorfet, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwal, under
Colonel Desborough; Oxford-fhire, Buckingbam, Hartford, Cambridge, Ifle of
Ely, Effex, Norfolk and Suffolk,under Lieutenant-General Fleetwood; London,un-
der Major-General Skippon; Lincoln-fhire, Nottingham, Derby, Warwick, and
Leicester, under Whaley; Northampton-ſhire, Bedford, Rutland, and Huntington,
under one Major Butler; Worcester-fhire, Hereford, Shropſhire, and North-Wales,
under Colonel Berry; Cheſhire, Lancaſhire, and Stafford, under Colonel Worfely,
Yorkshire, Durham, Cumberland, Northumberland, and Weftmerland, under Lord
Lambert; Westminster, and Middlefex, under Colonel Berktead. Their Com-
million was to take a Roll and account of all fufpected perfons of the Kings
party, and fuch as were actually fo, to receive fecurity of them, in which they
were to be bound to act nothing against the Government, and to reveal all
Plots that ſhould come to their knowledge: they were to fupprefs all Horfe-
races, Cock-matches, and other concourfes of people; to fecure the Highways,
to take engagement from Royalifts for their Servants and Children; and thofe
that did not fo, nor give fecurity, to commit to prifon; and to rate and receive
Money rifing from this Decimation. In fhort, there was nothing which they
might not do, nor which they did not, fuch an Arbitrary vaft power they
had from the Protector. To this purpoſe a Faft was kept by the charitable
Gentlemen, and an Office was erected here in London, called the Major-Gene-
rals-Office, fomewhere in Fleet-ftreet, as other Courts had, where theſe Recog-
nizances were entred, and all other the like Affairs, Dependencies, and con-
cerns thereof entred and Recorded. By this means the Tyrant intended to in-
form himſelf of the value and quality of every Eftate and Perfon, together with
the number of that Party in every County throughout the Kingdom. Most of
thoſe
1655.
379
England, Scotland and Ireland.
"
thoſe Loyal perſons formerly fecured, were hereupon fet at Liberty; but by a-
nother twenty-mile-Proclamation driven into the Country, into the bounds of
the feveral Major-Generals, who preſently took Cognizance of them, and fum-
moned them to their refpective Refidences: they fate fometimes without, o-
ther times with fome of the old Committees, where they received accounts of
Eftates, which were rated to the tenth peny yearly. Some bought off that Tax
and incumbrance by a prefent Sum, at three years purchaſe, which was very ac-
ceptable, for Money was the thing the Ufurper wanted: others looked for a
nearer Redemption, and to be conftrained to that payment. The well-affected
and Godly people ftill voiced this to be a juft and reaſonable Impofition; for when
fhould they be at quiet, and enjoy themſelves in the Goods they had got, free
from the interrupting endeavour of this old and reftlefs Enemy? fo that there
wanted not Abettors and Affiftants to this molt Religious work of the Major-
Generals; who had ordered in the first place, that no Royalift thould keep or
wear either Arms offenfive or defenfive, but ſtraightways deliver them; ſo Royaliſts for-
that they lay at the mercy of whomsoever they met, and at the diſcretion and bid to wear
charity of whofoever reſorted to their Houfes, for what they had left.
Arms.
1
Several perfons were apprehended again, for breach of the 20 miles Procla
mation, and other Loyal guilt, and committed to a neglected reſtraint to the
Marſhal at St. James's, which yet continued a Goal; three of whom being
ſpent almoſt with the charge and tediouſneſs of their Confinement, endeavour-
ed an eſcape, having obtained of the Marthal's Wife the liberty of walking in
the Park with a Souldier, who withſtanding their endeavour of efcape, (and being Mr. Davifon,
hair-brain❜d,reſolved to hinder their flight) was by them, after ſeveral warnings &c. efcapes at
of the mifchief, if he yet held them, as one of them he did, fhot in the Arm with St. James's.
They kill a
a Piſtol, whereof he died. This buftle brought in other Souldiers, who took Souldier, and
them again. They were tried for this Murther (as the Indictment run) at are retaken :
the Upper Bench, before Chief-Juftice Glyn, and by a ferious Jury found onely are Indicted
Guilty of Man-flaughter; at which the Court feemed much incenfed,and Chief- for Marther,
but found guil-
Juftice Glyn in a feeming anger diſcharged the honeft Foreman of the Jury, one tv onely of Man.
Mr. William Sanderſon of Shoreditch, from all Service thereafter. It madded laughter,
Cromwel the rather, becaufe Mr. Davifon (the other two were Mr. Henry Hol-
der, and Mr. Robert Thorold) was highly fufpected of Colonel Rainsborough's
Death.
Cromwel was refolved to have Money one way or other, and therefore be-
fides the late rapine of Decimation,and the Piedmont-Sacriledge, (for the ſpeedier
bringing in of which Money, he had appointed a great and numerous Commit-
tee, who were to credit the receipt) now he would venture upon a greater im-
piety, to the derogation of the Saviour of the World: that nothing might be
wanting to fill up the meaſure of his Wickedness, he had dealt underhand with
fome Agents from the Nation of the Jews, who had propoſed a Toleration, Cromwel and
their own Judges, their Burying-places, the revocation of all Laws and Statutes the Jews treat
againſt them, protection from, and fealty to him; and had ftrengthned the rea- about a Tokra-
fon of this with a round ſum of Money. Cromwel wanted not plaufible Argu- feh Ben 11-
ments of his own, from the hopeful juncture of time of making the flock of rael their A-
Chrift but one Fold; and others cited places of Scripture: feveral Conferences gent.
tion. Manaf-
Note that it
were held about it before him, with the Judges, as Steel, &c. and Minifters, as coft the people
Jenkins, Manton, &c. who being not fatished with what appeared from the of England 4
arguments of Minaffeh Ben Ifrael the Jewith Agent, the publick admiffion of whole fifteenth
them was laid afide, and the Jems gull'd of their Money they had upon that to get them ex-
pelied,in Ed.r.
account already paid.
The Ships at Jamaica had been roving abroad, and burnt St. Martha, and
took fome ipoil, while Doyley the Commander in chief by Land had made fome
Inroads into the Country under Colonel Wood, and was building or planting a
new Town at Cagway-Point. In Scotland, new Commiffioners were added for
the fale of Delinquents Lands; and to prevent their frauds in the purchafing
thereof, a New great and Privy-Seal and Signet was likewife fent down thither
D dd 2
from
}
280
Part III
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
4
*
carn Priſoner
zi? Edenbo-
rough.
from England, and the Proteftors and Refolution-men continued at the fame
diftance A Proclamation there to stop all Comers to that Kingdom, upon
pretence of Infection in Holland, and of all going out without Licenſe. The
Earl of Glencarn, upon fufpition of a Plot, being taken and fecured by General
Earl of Glen- Monke in Edenburgh-Caſtle. In England, to affront the Spaniſh Imbargo,
( which now turned to feizure) the price of Canary-Wines, which were feared
to rife by the War, were now by Proclamation abated to nine pence a pint,
having continued at twelve fome years before. The Princefs of Aurange de-
parted by the way of Antwerp, and Peronne in France, in Jannary, to vifit her
Mother at Paris and the King preparing according to invitation to go into
Flanders, where neer Lovain, in February, he privately conferred with the Earl
of Fuenfaldagne neer Lovain; the Arch-Duke of Leopold being upon his depar-
ture for Germany, and Don John of Auſtria to fucceed in that Government for
the King of Spain. From hence his Majefty, the War betwixt Spain and us
being publique, came to the Royal Manſion of Treveur neer Bruſſels, in order
to a nearer conjunction of Counfels and Odwyr newly returned, and concea-
ling himself in Ireland, gave fufpition here of tome new defigne upon Ireland;
and thereupon all Papitts and Irish were again difarmed, and commanded to
keep at home within their Limits. The King's Family yet continued at Colen;
but upon his remaining fetling in Brugis, where foon after he was received in
State, it removed thither allo; fo the Spaniards embraced and fhook hands
with his Intereft, as their own affairs governed them.
23 perfons kil
Led by the fall
of Spalding
Abbey.
Sir Tho: Afh-
cock cut his
Toroat.
Sir Thomas
Wortley kil-
led.
A Stationers
Servant in
Fleet-ſtreet
bằngeth him-
Self.
Colonel Gran-
In England many fad accidents happened together: the Abbey of Spalding
being let out into Chambers, in one of them as the folks were prophaning by
Dancing and making merry therein, the Roof fell, and was the Death of
23
perlons, January 22. Sir Thomas Afbcock cut his Throat, a Paper being found
in his Chamber, where he had reckoned twenty feveral preſervations before;
and
yet God
gave him up to this Temptation. Mr. Skipwith a young Gentle-
man who had had a grudge againſt Sir Thomas Wortley, for keeping his Sifter
Company, met with the faid Sir Thomas; whereupon both drew their Piſtols,
but Skipwith killed him dead, though Wounded himſelf. A Stationer's Ser-
vant in Fleet-ſtreet, being taken in Bed with his fellow-ferving-maid, got an op-
portunity and preſently Hang'd himſelf. Mr. Chamberlain of Oxford-fhire
killed Colonel Granthamfon at Southampton-buildings in a fingle Duel. The
moft Reverend the Arch-Bishop of Armagh died March 21, a Prelate of great
and incomparable Learning and Piety, as his Works do fufficiently declares
a perfon challenged as Indifferent to the Church-Government by Biſhops, but
no doubt falfly; however, it gave the Protector a fine occafion of perfonating
a love to Learning and good men, in the expence of his decent and fitting
Interment, 2001. being allowed thereunto, out of the publick Money; the
beſt and juſteſt of all thofe fums he fquandered upon his dying and perishing
Ambition. He was not buried till the 17 of April enfuing, being then brought
from the Countess of Peterburgh's, His great Patronefs at Rygate, to St. George's,
and flow twice fo to Somerset-Houfe, and thence to the Abbey at Westminster. Mr. Bourdeaux
12 two hours. Embaffador returned for England, and Lockhart, as was faid, difpatcht for
Sir George France. The River of Thames Ebbed and Flowed twice in two hours, this
Sonds his two Year; and the last twelve Years there was much alteration in them. Free-
unfortunate
man Sonds, the younger Son of Sir George Sonds, killed his onely Brother
in Bed, and was Hanged for it: which fad and ſtrange ſtory had almoſt paſt
obfervation.
thamſon kil-
led.
The Bp. of Ar
magh dieth.
Cromwel al-
Lowes 200 l.
towards his
Funeral.
Thames Ebbe
Sons, the one
killing the o-
ther, and is
banged for it.
:
!
Anno
1656.
381
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
G
Anno Dom. 1656.
A rencounter
at Sea.
Eneral Bluke and Montague began this year with their Fleet of War failing
for the Coaft of Spain, having toucht at Tangier, and directed thence
their course to Cadiz-bay; and the removing of the English-ttaple at Roter-
dam by Proclamation to Dort; and the arrival of Mr. Lockhart in France, as
touched before; together with a rencounter at Sea, of the Advice, Preſident,
and Drake, Engliſh Frigats, with the Maria of Oftend, one Erafmus Bruer a
Fleming Captain, off the Coaft of Scarborough. It was ftoutly managed by
the Enemy from Morning till Night, when being totally difabled and over-
powered, he yielded, nothing but himſelf and Marriners remaining of the Con-
queſt, and not many found ones of thoſes for the fhip funk prefently: the was
the Admiral of that place. Worfley the Major-General died before he could
Maj. General
be good in his Office, and was buried with the Dirges of Bell Book and Candle, worfleydieth,
and the Peals of Mufquets, in no lefs a repoſitory than Henry 7th's Chappel, and is buried
as became a Prince of the Modern Erection, and Oliver's great and riſing Fa-
in Hen. 7th's
vourite.
Chappel.
With him went down the Wrestling in Moor-fields, an exerciſe uſed time out wrestling in
of minde in that place, before the War, and now reſumed again; together alfo Moor-fields
with pitching of the Bar, and generally all paftime and fort of ſports was dam- forbid.
ned and to make his Exit the more remarkable, Hannam the moſt notorious
private Thief in England, to expiate his fad villany at Colen, (having promiſed Hannam the
Cromwel fome Papers taken at that time) was retaken in another Robbery in great Thief
London, and had his due by being hanged.
Hanged.
A
Forces under Colonel Brayn, who was to Command in chief in Jamaica,
were now fhipt from Port Patrick in Scotland, (where the Citadel of St. John-
ftones was fired and almoft confumed, but Provifions faved) with 1000 ftcut 4 great fire at
St. Johnstons
Fellows but Fate fo croft Oliver, that no Governour of his fending and nomi- iz Scotland.
nation furvived long after their arrival, and Colonel Doyley was a kinde of an
old Royalift, as were many or the moſt of the remaining Officers, whom he had
made it his Religion not to truft. He had in England appointed at this time
Charters.
a Committee for infpecting of Charters; and fome forward pragmatical Coun- A Committee
try-Burgeffes were very bulie to fupplicate a renewal of fome, augmenting of appointed for
and granting others de novos of this Committee Mr. Gabriel Beck his High- inspection of
nefs's Sollicitor was chief, who were to report their Confults to the Council.
Gloucester Cathedral was now very ruinous; and the Citizens begg'd it for a Gloucefter
School houfe, and afterwards had it for a Church, in fome part according to Cathedral a
its first pious inftitution.
School-boufe
and Church.
Cromwel's
4.
The Spanish War was like to prove too chargeable for Oliver's Purfe, for all
his devices of Decimation, Piedmont, and Jews; and therefore refolved to call à-
nother Parliament, hoping fo to awe the Elections, (having had time to im- defigne in fet-
prove that power he had allumed to himself) together with the diſappointment ting up the
the late Parliament had met with, and the delire of Settlement (which the Maj. Generals
new acquired Wealth and Eſtates, by the vaft purchaſes of Crown and other fit to ame
Lands vehemently enforced; together with the fevere penalties on Royalists Elections.
Electing and Elected, and the flagging wearied oppofition of ftriving thus in
vain against his uncontroulable will) would fo propitiate his defignes in this
Convention, that under the pretence of the faid Settlement, he might eſtabliſh
himſelf, and obtain fupplies for carrying on the faid War. He fet up the Ma-
jor-Generals, to force themſelves into the peoples truft and abhorence together:
for as the mad actions of the Little Parliament were on purpoſe fuffered and
dictated to them, to make the people chufe any Government rather, and fub-
mit to a Single Perfon upon his own fcore: So thefe Major-Generals tyrannical
proceedings
382
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
F1
lections to
Parliament.
proceedings by vertue of his unknown unlimited Authority, would incline men
to feek for a Government eſtabliſhed by Law, to which he and his Officers un-
der him might be thought at leaſt, and deemed accountable; and he was in a
fair way to a Monarchical Form, and nothing wanting but a good Title, or the
peoples Affent.
>
Theſe were his aims upon this Convention; for fuffrages wherein, his party,
and all that he could make to his fide, were no leſs fedulous and induſtrious, and
if they failed in the major voice, he could but ufe the fame trick of Seclufion.
The Major-Generals had pretty well prepared the way, by afperfing many,
feizing others, and threatning the reft of the Gentry; by diſplacing Burgeffes,
and disfranchiſing one fort, and admitting another to Freedoms; and at the
The awe of E- day of Election, which was the 20 of August, attending at the places with Foot
and Horſe, and got themſelves returned by this means with others of their
nomination. Thus Berktead got himself, with Kiffin the Anabaptift, returned.
Knights for Middlefex. And when fuch perfons were chofen in the very face of
the Kingdom,little other choice could be expected in obfcure and remoter parts.
A rout was brought down for Kiffin, who together with Red-coats (that were
onely the good people, and had moft right to chufe) bawled, fcuffled, and jug-
led away the fair Election of young Mr. Chute, his Father difficultly carrying
it. And worſe Jugling there was in Scotland and Ireland, of which 60 there
could not be faid to be any choice at all, further than the nomination of the
refpective Councils of both Kingdoms. To facilitate the effect of this project,
Sir Henry Vane and Feak, upon the Commonwealth and Little Parliaments
account; and Colonel Ruffel and other Royalifts, upon the Cavalier-account,
were feized and fent to Prifon, and a Proclamation of 20 miles again the 12 of
September. During this Cabal, and the ſerious carrying of it on, a Freak or
Crotchet took Mr. Robert Villiers (next related to the Lord Purbeck) in the
Head, of changing his Name, by Patent of Cromwel, to Danvers, having Mar-
ried the Daughter of Sir John Danvers, (Brother to the Earl of Danby) the
laſt of that Family, being another of the Kings Judges, as was obferved in Sir
William Conftable. The reafon he alledged was, the many differvices his Name
had done the Commonwealth, and he intended to become a probationer for a
Parliament-mans place, and a Protectorian-Confider: but it was faid fome Na-
tural, not Political, reaſons induced him to this alteration.
Mr. Villiers
changeth his
Name by patent
to Danvers.
The Parliament
met.
Dr. Owen
Exclufion of
Members this
Parliament.
On the
17 of September the Members met at the Abbey-Church in Weſtmin-
fter, whither came Cromwel with his Guard and Gentlemen, and heard a Sermon
Preached by Dr. Owen, Dean of Chriſt-Church, upon theſe words in Iſaiah,
Preacheth be- What shall one then answer to the Meſſengers of the Land? That the Lord hath
fore the Prote-
stor.
founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall rejoyce. (A Sermon calculated to
the device of the Settlement; and for which, next day, by Sir John Berktead
(Knighted a little before) and Mr. Maidstone the Protector's Steward of his
houfe, he had the Thanks of the Parliament.) At the entrance whereunto, after
this Preachment, the Members found a Guard, and an Officer ſtanding with a
Lift in his Hand, and demanding the Names of every of them; and fuch as were
inarked for non-admittance were turned back, for notwithſtanding all this
diligence and foul play, far the major part of the Houfe were againſt the Single
Perfon, efpccially againſt Oliver, whom the Republicans hated more than ever
they did the Kingfhip in our Soweraign: thofe within nevertheleſs ftood not to
ask what was become of their Fellows without, but proceeded, and appointed
a Faſt and to prevent application of the Secluded to them, as of right, they
turned them over by an Order to the Protector's Council for approbation; which
moft of the Country-Gentlemen difdaining, quickly departed home; which
others ſeeing that were admitted, not thinking the molt of this remnant fit
company for men of honefty or fashion, they alfo abfented themfelves, that
their Names might not be abufed by continuing with them to countenance their
proceedings. Crommel faw the Teft of a Recognition would not ferve turn;
for they had learnt his own Art of time-ferving Engagements, and therefore
went
!
1656.
383
England, Scotland and Ireland.
went this illegal bold way to work, contenting himſelf with this pickt Juncto,
which made a fhew of a Parliament; but quota portio facis Achaa? Sir Thomas Sir Thomas.
Widdrington was chofen Speaker.
Widdrington
Theſe fell to his bufinefs, and first of all to make room for the Olivarian
chofen Speaker.
Title, a Bill was brought in for annulling the pretended Title of the King, by The King's Ti-
the Name of Charles Stuart; another for the Security of the Protector's (his tie to the
Highneffes Perfon, purfued with a Vote, that the Parliament declared the Crown annul-
War againit the Spaniard to be undertaken upon juft grounds, and that they A Bill for the
will allilt his Highnets therein, and Voted the manner of the fupply to be taken Protector's
into contideration with all ſpeed.
led.
(afety. The
And for their better encouragement, the firſt news they had fince their Sit- Parl. promife
ting, was of a fuccefs of the English fleet lying upon the Coalt et Spain, in ex-gainst the Spa-
to aſſiſt him a-
pectation of the Plate-fleet coming in, or their Convoy of 40 Men of War go- niards.
ing out from Cadiz, ( one of which the Spaniard feared in earneſt, and the
other he threatned in a Bravado.) It happened thus: the Generals Blake and
Montague being gone to the Bay of Wyers to take in freſh Water, left Rear-Admi-
ral Stayner with 7 Frigats to ply betore that Port; who about the middle of
September deſcryed at Sea eight fail, (as it proved from the West Indies) who
having met and taken a Portugal Prize, and informed by them that the Engliſh
were gone off the Coaft, made fecurely to Cadiz, where Captain Stayner and The Plate-fhips
his Squadron (but two whereot engaged with him in the Speaker, viz. the taken by Capt.
Bridgewater and Plymouth, taken by them at first for Fisher-men, by reafon of Stayner, Sep.
their lying fo low in the Water) affailed them, and after a fierce fight ( the
Spaniard being loth to part with his Treaſure) overcame them.
There were
two Sunk, two efcaped, two run aground, and two taken by the Speaker-Fri-
gat. In one of them was the Marquess of Badajox, of the Family of Lopez, Marg. of Ba-
who had been Governour for the King of Spain's Peru, who was killed in the dajox one of
Fight, with his Wife and a Daughter; the Eldeft Son and his Brother were fa- the King of
ved, and brought fafe to the Generals with this Prize, wherein were two mil- Spain's GovST-
lions of Pieces of eight, and as much there was in one of them that was Sunk. nours killed.
The Admiral who carried the Flag (for concealing of the chiefeft ſhip) with
the Portugal prize, recovered the Shore. Soon after General Montague with the
young Marquefs and part of the Fleet to convoy the Silver, returned into Eng-
Land, and delivered the Bullion into the Mint; and the young Marquels was
fet at liberty. For this a Thankſgiving, with a Narrative to be read thereon,
was appointed by the Parliament, who emitted their Declaration of War a- The Parliament
gainst Spain. About the fame time Five Frigats returned alfo from Jamai- appoint a day
of Thanksgi-
ca.
According to the 34th Article of the Inftrument, which this Juncto roundly
danced to, Cromwel having Named Fiennes and Lifle to be Lord-Commiffio-
ners of the Great Seal, and Serjeant Glyn to be Lord Chief-Juftice of England,
he now propoſed them to the Houfe for their approbation; which they did
with Glee, and confirmed them in their places: and to reciprocate his officious
comportment, they of their part opened the intercourfe betwixt him and the
Parliament, by prefenting him feveral Bills to Signe and Ratifie as Acts; the
chief whereof were the Annulling the Title of the King, for fecurity of his Per-
fon, taking away Wards and Liveries, and that the Paffing thofe Acts ſhould
not determine the Seffion: thefe were firmed in the Painted-Chamber, in am-
ple manner and form, by this new-fangled-Legiflator, Nov. 27.
virg.
At the latter end of October died John the 4th King of Portugal, who had The King of
ſo fuceſsfully wrefted the Kingdom of Portugal from the unjuft poffeffion of the Portugal dies.
Spaniſh Monarchy, after almoſt 100 years ufurpation of it, in the remarkable
year of 1640. He died of the Stone in his Kidneys in the fifty and odd year
of his Age, leaving behinde him by his Queen, the Sifter of the Duke of Medi-
na Sidonia in Spain, his Son Alphonfo the fixth King of Portugel, and Donna
Catharina the Illuftrious Infanta of the fame, fince Married to our Gracious
Soveraign King Charles the fecond.
The
384
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
"
James Nay.
for the Qua-
ker appears.
He perfonates
Our Saviour.
1
To this
The Sect of Quakers was grown to fuch a heigth of Impudence, by the
prefumptions and deceitful Revelations of the Light within, that there was
fcarce any Blafphemy which they would not fay and act; and yet very many
were bewitched with it. The Divinity of Chrift had been oppugned by Biddle
the Socinian, and now it was Perfonated (with.reverence be it ſpoken) by one
James Naylor a Quaker, who refembling in his Proportions and Complexion
the picture of Chrift, had, in all other things, as the fetting of the Beard and
Locks in the fame faſhion, dared to counterfeit our Bleffed Lord.
purpoſe he had Difciples and Women miniftring to him, whofe Blafphemous
Expreffions, and applications of feveral Scriptures relating properly to the
loveliness and Tranfcendent Excellency of Chrift (avors) to this Impo-
itor, will (if repeated) move Horrour and Trembling in every Chriftian. His
first appearance in this manner was at Bristol, where a man leading his Horfe
Bare-headed, and one Dorcas Erbury and Martha Symmonds going up to the
Knees in Mire by his Horfe-fide, fung aloud, Holy, Holy, Holy, Hofanna, &c. For
this they were feized by the Magiftrates, and being complained of to the Par-
liament, were brought up to Town, into which (as in all places) they entred
finging the fame Blafphemies. At the Bar of the Houfe (a Committee having
reported their opinion concerning his puniſhment) he was Sentenced in De-
He is fentenced
to stand twice cember to be fet in the Pillory twice, and Whipt twice, and his Forehead to be
in the Pillory,to Stigmatized with the letter B. for Blafphemer, and Bored through the Tongue,
betwice whipt, with which he uſed to answer to any Queſtion, Thou haft ſaid it, and the
to be Stigma like. He was likewife Whipt at Bristol, and thence returned to Bridewel, to
tized, and to be
Bored through be kept clofe, and to eat no more than what he earned. In Newgate (after his
puniſhment) the Impoftor continued: one Mr. Rich (a Merchant of credit )
that held him by the Hand while he was in the Pillories, with divers others,
licked his Wounds the Women were obſerved ſome to lay their Head in his
Lap, lying againſt his Feet; others to lean it upon his Shouldiers: and queſtion-
lefs the Quakers would have perfifted in this delufion, and ſet up, and made
fomething of this Idol, if he had not been kept from them (for as foon as
ever any came into his Company, they would firft take him by the Hand, and
in a ſtrange note fay, Holy, &c.) But being thus removed, after three days
wilful abftinence, having weakned himſelf even unto Death, he begged fome
Victuals, and then was fet to work, which he performed, and came by degrees
to himſelf, and to reduction. At the return of the Rump he got his liberty,
but furvived it not; his additional pretended Divinity having attenuated and
wafted his Humanity; and that Body fublimed and prepared for Miracles, went
the way of all Flefh. It is to be noted, that Lambert tickled much to have ſa-
pears in his be- ved him from Sentence and puniſhment, he being his Souldier: but the truth
balf. was, Lambert perceived what Cromwel was driving at, to engroſs the Soveraign-
ty to himſelf and Family; and it was high time therefore to ingratiate with
all parties, the better to be able to oppofe him: and henceforth ſprung and ap-
peared the feud betwixt thefe two Army-Potentates.
the Tongue.
Lambert
ap-
The King at
Bruges.
The King kept his Court at Bruges, fome eight Leagues from the Court at
Bruffels, where Don John was now Governour for the King of Spain, and had
had ſeveral conſultations together about the carrying on of the War, and many
fair overtures made. The Duke of York was newly arrived, as alſo the Prin-
ceſs of Aurange; fo that all the Royal Family, except the youngeſt Daughter
and Mother, were prefent together. He had newly lifted fome Regiments of
his three Nations into his fervice and pay, which were now quartered about
Several Prifo- Flanders. Several Priſoners of both forts were now releaſed, as Sir Henry Vane,
ners released. Mr. Feak, Mr. Rogers, Judge Jenkins Efquire; as little time before, one Mrs
Lucy Barlow committed, upon the fcore of fome Letters of the King's found
about her.
}
Sindercomb's
Plat.
A moſt formidable Plot was again whiſpered to be diſcovered, that tended to
the deſtruction of the Nation; and moft terrible expectations there were. What
more monitrous wickedness could be practifed,than what the Nation had already
feen
1
+
1656.
385
England, Scotland and Ireland.
feen perpetrated.
The Fox had a Wound he could not tell where,
The Drudgery of Mr. Thurloe, ( Cromwil's Second in the Plot) had moſt la-
boriously undermined a fap-headed fellow, one Miles Syndercombe a Leveller,
Cafhiered in Scotland about Overton's buſineſs, to defigne the Life of his mott
Serene Highness. This was effected by the hired combination of one Cecil, and
one Toop of Cromwel's Life-guard, who drew in this male-content. There was
another vizarded or difguifed perfon, faid to be a Frieft fent from Den Alonſo
the Spanish Embaffador in Flanders, who was ergaged as principal. Several
opportune Houſes taken to Shoot him, with Engines, Calivers, Blunderbuffes,
at his going to the Parliament, to Hampton Court, at a convenience in Hammer-
fmith, in Hide-Park, the Gates whereof were unhinged: and laftly, by firing the
Chappel at White-ball, with a ftrange combuftible matter. Thofe horrible cir-
cumitances Matter Secretary delivered in fuch anxious, and the diſcovery of it
in ſuch grave words, that the Houſe was refolved into a joyful wonderment of
this good Providence, for which they firft ordered a Thankſgiving, and a Nar-
Nar-congratulates.
rative of the Plot, and the Houfe to come and congratulate his Highnets up- Cromwel's
on this deliverance at a day he fhould appoint; which was the 23 of January,
when the Houſe with their Speaker went to the Banquetting-houſe, and met
their live-like Protector with a Sofpital Oration (confifting of thele Heads) by
the Mouth of Sir Thomas Widdrington.
The Parliament
deliverance:
First, the danger and Ruine of the Reformed Churches abroad, and three Na- The Contents of
tions at bome, who were ftruck at in this Blow. 2. Then the cunning fecrecy of it, the Speaker's
no more than two to know the whole defigne. 3. The extensiveness of it, if they Speech.
failed in one place, refolved to do in another that if Cicero were living, he would
want expreſſion to ſet out the Danger or the Mercy, and that being so unparallell'd
unprecedented a Mercy, the Parliaments Hymn was, O cantemus canticum no-
vum, O come let us fing a new Song, &c. …
This Speech (like the Plot) had neither Head nor Tail, yet was well e-
nough taken by the Sword-men, who had no other acuteness than what was
in their Scabbards: but the diſaſter that was the preface to this Lame Story, was
taken in dudgeon. As the Members were afcending the Stairs of the Banquet-
ting-houſe, a prefs of people crowding with them, the Stairs broke under them,
and ſpoiled the Cringes and Obeyfances of many of thefe Parliament-gratula-
tors, particularly Mr. Ellis (afterwards Knighted by Cromwel) his Sollicitor-
General broke his Leg, and loft the Fees of a whole Term for a Complement.
Cromwel's Son Richard was much bruifed,and lay in.
Syndercombe was the fame Term for this Treafon profecuted by direction Syndercombe
from the Parliament at the Kings-Bench, before Chief-Juſtice Glyn and Warbur- Condemned at
ton, and by Cecil's and Toop's Evidence (who difcovered, &c. and craved mer- the Kings-
Bench, by J-
ey) Convicted: He refolutely denied and retorted the Plot, and interrogated fice Glyn.
the Court about it; but it availed not, Juftice Glyn condemning him, when he
declared that the Statute 25 Edw. 3. was declaratory of the Common Law
provided in that Caſe before, and that by King was understood any Chief-Ma-
giftrate. He was carried thence to the Tower, where the night before his Ex- He is fent to
ecution, it was fuppofed (and fo the Coroners Jury gave their Verdict) that he the Tower,
Poyfoned himself: He went well into his Bed, defiring a while before a space the night before
of half an hours privacy for his Prayers; which time elapfed, he opened the bis Execution
Door, and rubbing his Hands together, and his Nofe with them, chearfully bid found dead. He
his Guard good-night. His Body afterwards was tied with his Head forwards the Scaffold at
to a Horfes Tail, and drawn Naked to the Scaffold at Tower-hill, and under Tower-hill,
that Buried, and a great Stake driven through him, which was covered with Iron 4 Stake being
driven through
bis Body.
at top.
At the Thankſgiving-day, February 20, Gillefy the Scotch Presbyter preached
the Sermon at St. Margarets, and thence they marched to the fame Banquetting-
houfe to Dinner with the Protector their Hoft, where they were gaudily enter-
Eee
ard
is buried under
The Parliament
tained
dine with the
Protector, Jan.
386
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Alderman
Pack motions
King.
tained, in refpect of the Faft they had kept within their own Walls on the 12
of January, to conjure for the Plot, fix days before Thurloe (his fpirit) brought
them the intelligence, which was on the 18. Kindneffes follow one upon the
neak of another.
..
3
For the next day Alderman Pack ( a great Excife-Commiffioner, and in
greater arrears for it, to 30000 l. and deep in the Piedmont account) from the
Cromwel for advantage of this Royal Treat, fuddenly ftarted a motion like a Puppet jerkt
with a Wire, That in regard of the ftrange unfettlement and difcompofure of
the Nation, and the mindes of men, and the ill afpect it had upon Forrain Prin
ces, and all Trade; that therefore the Protector might be defired to affume
the Stile of King, as the most known and moft agreeable Government. And pre-
fently Tooth and Nail the Court-party were at it, and after fundry Conſulta-
tions paffed a Refolution in order to his being King'd, by the fecond part of the
Inftrument, called the Humble Petition and Advice of the Parliament; which
being now in debate, we must leave to the enfuing Year.
claimed.
The Peace, with The Year ends with a Proclamation of the Portugal Peace, which had been
Portugal Pro- ratified fo long before: and a fright given Lockbart by a pretended Quarrel be-
tween fome Embaffadors Lacqueys,at his ftately going to Audience to the French
King at Paris, where notwithſtanding his Guards, he very feldom as yet, but
upon publick occafions, appeared abroad.
t
Th
f
Anno Dom. 1657.
He futable political talk of the party of the ufurper, was now engaged in
ftrained arguments for a Monarchy in the perfon of this their Ring-leader,
and this Maxime was broacht in the News-book, That there was no everla-
fting principle in Government as to any particular Form; That Government is
but a temporary expedient; that it is like Ultima tabula poſt naufragium, in the
hazard of the Commonwealth, the next fhift may be made ufe of. The fame
was the inſpired reaſon into the Humble Petition and Advice; which after ſe-
veral Debates and Refolutions, was drawn into that Confiftency; the main
whereof, was to defire the Protector to change that Title for the other of King.
On the 9 of April, the Parliament having defired a meeting with him, came to
Sir Thomas the Banquetting-houſe in White-ball, where Sir Thomas Widdrington in a Speech
Widdrington commended the Title and Office of a King, as fetled here with Chriftianity,
commends the approved by our Anceſtors, confifting with our Laws and Temper of the peo-
Title and Office ple: and then prefented him with the Module of the Humble Petition, &c. To
of a King.
this tender, Cromwel in a fit of Devotion anſwered, That it was a weighty mat-
ser, and therefore defired space to feek God that the Charge laid upon him was too
great for him to bear without His affistance: that the English were the best people
in the World, and required therefore all tenderness and confideration of their Liber-
ties, &c.
Cromwel
courted to ac-
sept it.
+
་
The next day a Committee was appointed to attend him, and receive his
Anſwer; which being infignificant, but that the Protector defired fatisfaction,
they upon report thereof refolved to adhere to their Petition, and appointed a
Committee of above half the Houfe to attend him, to receive from him his
doubts and ſcruples touching any of the particulars contained in the, &c. and
to offer Reaſons for his fatisfaction, for the maintenance of the Refolution of
the Houſe; and wherein they cannot fatisfie, to report. The chief of this Com-
mittee were, Whitlock, Lord Chief-Juftice Glyn, Lord Brogball, Lenthall, Lifle,
Philip Jones, Fines, Strickland, Thurloe, Sir Richard Onflow, Sir Charles Woolley,
&c. Theſe wanted not arguments from the Law, from the Safety and Honour
of the people to have a King, under which Government it had flouriſhed ſo
many
+
3
1657.
387
England, Scotland and Ireland.
*
:
many hundred years, and from the fafety and honour of his own perfon: to
all which they were answered from a mixt refult of ambition and anger, till
the deliberated certainty of the latter had crusht the Airy conceit of the other.
The danger and his fcruples confifted in theſe Objections.
First, That the Title of King is a name of Office, which any name that may
imply the Supreme Magiftrate hath the fame fignification, and therefore no neceffity
of change. Anfwer, that the Name of a King is onely adequate to, and com-
prehenfive of the Office of the Supreme Magiftrate. It is a Rule, that the Kings
of England cannot alter the Laws, by reaſon of their Name; and that there
is no obligation upon any other. That the very Title was declared neceffary in
Edw. 4. in the controverfie betwixt him and Hen. 7. every action done by
the King in poffeffion was valid, for it was his Jurifdiction Royal: fo in Hen.
7. the fame of a King de Facto. That there is a prius a former,and primum a firſt;
the Name King had beginning with our Laws: that for Protector there muſt be
a new Law introductive of fuch a Title.
9
The other Objections of danger, namely, The difficulty in altering the fame
Government to a Commonwealth, and the refusal of ſome Judges, and actings of o-
thers upon that ground; that another Parliament might change thofe Refolutions à
the dislike of the good people, and the bent of the Army; that Providence had laid
afide this Title of the King after seven years War, and many of the chief of thoſe
inftruments diſſatisfied (of which preſently) were anſwered with his own Lo-
gick of Providence, which would ( was bound, they would have faid) to wait
upon theſe beloved and glorious neceffities: and that as to Diffatisfied Perfons,
there never was any the moft juft and happy Government free from them. But
becauſe the moſt material part and effect of our Civil-War came to Entitle
it felf to this grand Event, it will be very juft and equal to fhew it in its
full proportion, and in its genuine fenfe, from the Mouths of the then Lord Whit
lock and Cromwel himfelf. I omit to acquaint the Reader at large with the
Protector's Jealouſie, that they would fortifie his Title, and diſ-enable his Reve-
nue; for he demanded no leſs fecurity to his Greatneſs, than 190000 1. a year,
and the charge of the Spanish War befides.
I
SIR,
The Lord Whitlock's Speech, the 26 of April.
for.
Have very little to trouble your Highneß with; fo much hath been already spoken, The Ld. Whic
and ſo well, that it will be hard for me or any other to undertake to adde toit: lock's Speech
onely the duty of my Employment, and fomething due to your Highneß, occafions me to the Prote-
to speak a few words, to acknowledge with very humble thanks the Hongur
and Right which you have done this Committee, by the clear and free Diſcourſes
and Conferences which they have had with your Highneß; and for your frequent
Expreffions and Testimonies of affection and respect to the Parliament, whoſe ſenſe
in this I may preſume to speak, that never any perſons met their Supreme Magiſtrate
with more Love, Duty, and Honour, than the Parliament have met your Highneß
with, in their preſent Addreſſes; which argument of love deſerves the esteem and
force, which I doubt not but your Highneß will put upon it. I am fearful to be too
tedious at any time, eſpecially at ſo late an hour, and therefore ſhall ſpeak but ſhort,
to fome things which I remember not to have been mentioned. Tour Highness was
pleaſed at the last meeting, to ſay, that the Original Inftitution of the Title King,
was by common confent, and that the fame common conſent might inſtitute any other
Title, and make it a efectual as that of King. This muſt be acknowledged; but
withal you may be pleaſed to obſerve, that the Title of King is not onely by an O-
riginal common conſent, but that confent alſo approved and confirmed, and the Lan
fitted thereunto, and that fitted to the Laws, by the experience and induſtry of many
ages, and many hundreds of years together; whereas any other Title will be onely
by prefent common confent, without that experience and approbation: for that
Eee 2
experience
288
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
experience which your Highneſs mentioned to have been of other Titles, and the due
administration of Justice under them: this experience is far short of the other; and
for the course of Justice, we have caufe to thank that care which plac'd fo good Jud-
ges and Officers over us; yet give me leave to say, that in private Caufes between
party and party, and in publick matters in nominal cauſes, it was not eafie to finde
justice to be done by ſome Jurors and many questions have risen upon the occafion
of thofe new Titles, concerning that tender point of good mens fatisfaction. I think
it requires a very great regard from us, and I doubt not but those good People will
be fully satisfied, if they confider the Covenants, Promises, and Precepts, which in
the Scriptures are annex'd to the Name of King: and although ſome have alledged,
that they belong to any chief Magistrate as well as to King; yet no man did ever
read the Original word tranflated otherwise than King, neither do I finde the preſent
Title once mentioned in the Holy Text. If the prefent Authority be a lawful Au-
thority, which I hope none of us will deny; furely thofe good men, who are so well-
principled in Godliness, will not forget that precept of fubmiſſion to Authority, and
to be ſatisfied with that which Lawful Authority shall ordain. Their Rights and
Liberties are the fame with ours, and the Parliament cannot adviſe any thing for
the prefervation of the Peoples Rights, but theſe good men are included, which I hope
will be no diffatufaction to them. In all the changes which we have ſeen, there
bath been a diffatisfation to fome; yet ftill the Bleffing of God hath gone along
through all thefe Changes, with thofe who carried on his intereft; and the Caufe be-
ing the fame, the fame Mercies have been continued: And I doubt not but if the in-
tended Change, or rather Restitution be made, (as I hope it will) the fame God-will
continue his Bleſſings to that Good Old Caufe wherein we are engaged; and that
good men will receive fatisfaction by it. Your Highneß hath been told, that the
Title of King is upon the Foundation of Law, and that a new Title must have a
conftitution to make the Laws relate unto it, and that unto the Laws. I shall onely
adde this, that a Title by relation is not fo certain and safe, as a Title upon the old
Foundation of the Law; and that a Title upon a prefent fingle Conftitution (as
any new Title must be) cannot be fo firm, as a Title both upon the prefent Confti-
tution, and upon the old Foundation of the Law likewife, which the Title of King
will be. If any inconvenience should ensue upon your acceptance of this Title which
the Parliament advifeth, your Highness fatisfaction will be, that they did advise
it.
On the contrary part, if any inconvenience ſhould arise upon your Highneſs refu
fal of this Title which the Parliament hath advifed, your burden will be the grea-
ter. And therefore whatſoever may fall out, will be better anſwered by your
Highueß complying with your Parliament, than otherwise. This question is not al-
together new; fome instances have been given of the like, to which Iſhall adde two
or three. The Title of the Kings of England in the Realm of Ireland, was Lord
of Ireland; and the Parliament in the 33 year of Hen. 8. reciting, that inconve
niencies did arife there by reason of that Title, did Enact that Hen. 8. should af
fume the Sule and Title of King of Ireland, which in the Judgement of this Par-
liament was preferred before the other. In the State of Rome, new Titles proved
fatal to their Liberties.
Their cafe was not much unlike ours; they were wearied with a Civil War, and
coming to a Settlement, Cuncta difcordiis civilibus teffa, nomine principis fub
imperium accepit; fome would not admit the Title Rex to be uſed, but were con-
tented to give the Titles of Cæfar, perpetuus Dictator, Princeps, Senatus, Impe-
rator. Non fum Rex, fed Cæfar, came at laſt to this, Voluntas Cæfaris pro lege
habebatur. The Northern people were more happy amongst themſelves; a private
Gentleman of a Noble Family took up Arms with his Country-men against a Ty-
rant, and by the blessing of God rescued their Native Liberties, and Rights of their
Country, from the oppreffion of that Tyrant. This Gentleman had the Title of
Marshal given unto him, which continued for fome years: Afterwards their Par-
liament (judging it best to reſume the old Title) Elected this Gentleman King,
and with him was brought in the liberty of Protestant Religion, and the eſtabliſh-
ment
1657.
389
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ment of the Civil Rights of that people, which have continued in a profperous con-
dition ever fince unto this day. Sir, I shall make no other application, but in my pray-
ers to God, to direct your Highneß and the Parliament (as I hope be will) to do
that which will be most for his honour and the good of his people.
Cromwel's Speech to the Parliament in the Banquetting-houſe at
White-ball, the 8 of May.
I
Mr. Speaker,
Come hither to answer that that was in your laft Paper to your Committee you fent The Protector's
to me, which was in relation to the defires which were offered to me by the Speech to the
Houfe, in that they called their Petition. I confeß that busineß bath put the House, Parliameat
the Parliament, to a great deal of trouble, and spent much time: I am very ferry concerning the
Title of King.
that it bath cost me ſome, and fome thoughts; and becauſe I have been the unhappy
occafion of the expence of fo much time, I shall spend little of it now: I have the best
I can revolved the whole bufineß in my thoughts, and I have faid fo much already
in teflimony of the whole, that I think I shall not need to repeat any thing that I
have faid. I think it is a Government, that the aims of it ſeek much a. fetling
the Nation on a good foot in relation to Civil Rights and Liberties, which are
the Rights of the Nation, and I hope I ſhall never be found to be of them that
fhall go
about to Rob the Nation of thefe Rights, but to ferve them what I can to
the attaining of them. It bath alfo exceeding well provided for the fafety and
fecurity of honest men, in that great Natural and Religious Liberty, which is Liber-
ty of Confcience: Theſe are great Fundamentals, and I must bear my testimony to
them, (as I have and shall do ftill, ſo long as God lets me live in this World) that
the intentions of the things are very honourable and honest, and the Product worthy
of a Parliament. I have onely had the unhappineß both in my Conferences with
your Committees, and in the best thoughts I could take to my felf, not to be convicted
of the neceffity of that thing, that hath been so often infifted upon by you, to wit,
the Title of King, as in it Jelf ſo neceſſary, as it seems to be apprehended by your
felvés: and I do with all honour and respect to the judgment of the Farliament,
teſtifie, that ( cæteris paribus) no private judgement is to lye in the Ballance with
the judgement of a Parliament, but in things that refpect particular perfons, every
man that is to give an account to God of his actions, he must in fome meaſure be
able to prove his own Work, that is, to have an approbation in his own Confcience
of that he is to do or forbear; and whilst you are granting others Liberties, furely
you will not deny me this, it being not onely a liberty, but a duty ( and ſuch a duty
as I cannot without finning forbear) to examine my own Heart, and thoughts,
and judgement, in every work which I am to fet mine Hand to, or to appear in
or for.
I must confeß therefore, that though I do acknowledge all the other, yet I muſt be
a little confident in this, that what with the circumstances that accompany Humane
Alfions, whether they be circumstances of time or perfons, whether circumſtances that
relate to the whole, or private or particular circumstances, that compaß any perfont
that is to render an account of his own actions: I have truely thought, and do ftill
think, that if I should (at the best) do any thing on this account to answer your
expectation, it would be at the belt doubtinglys and certainly what is fo, is not of
faith; whatsoever is not of faith, is fin to him that doth it, whether it be with re-
lation to the fubftance of the action about which the confideration is converfant, or
whether to circumstances about it, which make all indifferent actions good or evil
to him that doth it. I lying under this confideration, think it my duty s onely I
could have wished I had done it fooner, for the fake of the House, who have laid fo
infinite obligations on me: I wish alfo I had done it sooner for your fake, for faving
time and trouble; and indeed for the Committees fake, to whom I must acknow-
ledge publickly, I have been unfeaſonably troubleſome I fay, I could have wished
Ihad given it foener; but truely this is my Answer, that although I think the Go-
vernment
!
390
Lambert tur-
ned off.
Fifth-Monar-
chy Plot.
One Machlin
Age.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III•
vernment doth confiſt of very excellent parts in all, but in that one thing the Title:
as to me, Ifhould not be an honest man, if I (hould not tell you, that I cannot ac-
cept of the Government, nor undertake the trouble and charge of it, which I have a
litle more experimented than every man, as to what troubles and difficulties do be-
fal men under fuch Trufts, and in fuch undertakings; Ifay, I am perfwaded to re-
turn this Anſwer to you, That I cannot undertake this Government with the
Title of a King; and that is mine Anfwer to this great and weighty buſineſs.
A rumour was ſpread during this juncture, which is too pertinent to be omit-
ted, that the King was fickly and languiſhing, and of a melancholy loft fpirit;
That his Brothers were Papifts, and profeffed ones which with the Act of an-
nulling, &c. plainly fhewed Cromwel's firft Ambitious intentions, but the
truth was, he had confulted the Oracle of the Army, whom he had hit Difci-
plin'd with Mutiny against the Civil Authority, or any coercive Jurifdiction
whatſoever, and was therefore the best acquainted with their conftitution: and
they were at fuch a pitch, lately Sultaning of it in the powers of their Major-
Generals, that it was impoffible or improbable to bring them to the Yoak of the
Laws, which he muft by this Title undergo himself; and Lambert was fo ftiff
hereupon, perceiving how Cromwel prevaricated from the Contract between
them of his fucceeding to this Lawless Protectorship after, as to brave him with
the Army-Intereft, to brandish the fame Sword, and to difpute the buſineſs in
publick. A whiſpering there was, that his Lady was more familiar with Crom-
wel than futed with her Relation, and that fhe difcovered his fecrets as well as
her own; infomuch that it became a Court-jeft, that Oliver's Inftrument was
found in my Lady Lamberts Petticoat: but he was open enough of himſelf,
and of too pregnant and forward a Spirit to conceal his difguft. It was time
therefore, as the Protector had ferved Major-General Harriſon before, to deal
with Lambert, and to difmifs him from Council and all Command; but for
fear of difpleafing the Army, not fecuring him: which kinde of ufage in the
throwing off an old, but diſguſted Friend, was credited into a by-word of
Lambertizing. Thus Oliver chofe the better part, betaking himſelf to the In-
tereft of the Army, in this Title of their own making and forming; confiding
more in the Arms and Embraces of the Souldiery, than in the Legs and Comple-
ments of the Parliament, and that a Cripple alfo.
In the midst of this Regal Scene, appeared other Actors: the Fifth-Monar-
chy-men were contriving an Infurrection, and had had ſeveral Meetings in a
houfe at Shoreditch, where they were all along betrayed, and feized, and at laſt
fome Arms and Ammunition taken with them, with a Standard of a Lyon Con-
chant (f the Tribe of Judah) with this Motto, Who shall roufe him up? The
fellows taken, were Thomas Venner, with their Scribe (as they named their Se-
cretary) Gray, Gowler, Hopkins, and Afhton, with others, (thefe named owe
another more defperate and Trayterous account to this Chronicle.) About them
was found a Declaration in Print, with this Title, The Principle of the Rem-
nant, &c.
A Miracle feconded this Millenary Phantafie: one Machlin a Scotch Miniſter,
renewed in his but Beneficed in Northumberland, aged one hundred and fixteen years, was re-
ftored by a wonderful revivifcency beyond all Poetical Fiction, to his Teeth,
Hair, and Eye-fight, fo that he was as able in his Body as he was at the age of
fifty. Several conjectures were made and applied to the Government of our
Kings, and the iffue credited them. Nor was the right of the King at any
time fo hopeful as now, not onely from thefe unpracticable Counfels at home,
againſt his Crown and unextinguishable Authority, but alfo from thofe Aids
and Forces he had abroad, and the affurance of a plenary conjun&ture with the
Spaniard to this purpofe. The Marquefs of Ormond, the Lord Wilmot, the
Lords Gerrard and Wentworth, the Lord Taaf and General Middleton had their
feveral Regiments Quartered up and down the Sea-Coafts; and the Dukes of
Tork and Gloucester had Commands like wife in Flanders.
To
1657.
391
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ces in Flan-
To oppose this growing ſtrength, and to re-inforce the French, who had been The King en-
worfted laft Summer at Valenchienne, and loft other places, Cromwel fent over tertains For-
6000 men under the Command of Colonel John Reynolds, the Commiffary- ders.
General in Ireland, having trained and drilled most of them as Recruits to Co- Cromwel af
lonel Berkſtead's Regiment of the Tower, and the like ſervice, and then drew fits the French
them out for this Forrain expedition. They Rendezvouzed at Black-Heath, with 6000
where Hugh Peters gave them a Sermon for encouragement, and were shipped
with a Months pay in hand at Dover, by the care of Major-General Kelſey, and
landed at St. Johns Bay, within feven miles of Bulloyn, whither Reynolds and
their Major-General Morgan followed them towards the end of May: they had
new Red-coats given them, for the terrible Name thereof.
tempt on the
Spaniard.
Of all the deſperate attempts that ever were made in the World againſt an Gez. Blake's
Enemy by Sea, this. of Noble Blake's is not inferiour to any. He lying upon defperate at-
the Spaniſh Coaſt, had intelligence given him that the Weft-India-Fleet were
arrived at the Canary-Iſlands, and put into the Bay of Santa Cruz, on the
Iland of Teneriff. Upon this the Fleet weighed Anchor on the 13 of April
1657. and by the 20 of the fame Month, were fair in the Offing of Sanda Cruz,
where they difcovered how bravely the Spaniſh fhips (fixteen in number)
were barricado'd in this Bay, where they lay in a manner Semi-circular. Neer
to the Mouth of this Haven, ftands a Caftle fufficiently furnished with great
Ordnance, which threatned deſtruction to any that durft enter without its leave
into the Harbour: befides this, there ftood feven Forts more round about the
Bay, with fix, four, and three great Guns apiece; and united together by a
Line of Communication from one Fort to another, which was manned with
Mufqueteers. To make all ſafe, Don Diego Diagues General of the Spaniſh
Fleet was not idle in making Provifion for the beft detence of his Armado: he
cauſed all the ſmaller ſhips to be mored cloſe along the ſhore, and the ſix Great
Galleons ſtood farther out at Anchor, with their Broad- fides towards the Sea.
It happened at this time, there was a Dutch Merchants ſhip in the Bay; the
Mafter whereof ſeeing the Engliſh ready to enter, and that a Combat would
preſently be commenced, it made him fear that among all the Blows that would
be given, he could not avoid ſome knocks; therefore to fave himſelf, he went
to Don Diego, and defired his leave to depart the Harbour: For (faid he) I
am very fure Blake will preſently be amongst you. To this, the refolute Don made
no other reply, but, Get you gone if you will, and let Blake come if he dares.
They that knew Blake's Courage, could not but know it needleſs to dare
him to an Engagement. All things being ordered for fight, a Squadron of
fhips was drawn out of the whole Fleet to make the firft onfet; theſe were
Commanded by Captain Stainer in the Speaker-Frigat, who no fooner had re-
ceived Orders, but immediately he flew into the Bay with his Canvas Wings,
and by eight in the Morning fell pell-mell upon the Spaniſh Fleet, without the Santa Cruz
leaft regard to the Forts, that ſpent their fhot prodigally upon him. No foo- fight, Apr. 2c.
ner were thefe entered into the Bay, but Blake following after, placed certain
ſhips to pour Broad-lides into the Caftle and Forts: theſe played their parts fo
well, that after ſome time the Spaniards found their Forts too hot to be held.
In the mean time Blake ſtrikes in with Stainer, and bravely fought the Spaniſh
fhips, which were not much inferiour in number to the English, but in Men
they were far the fuperiour. Here we fee a refolute bravery many times may
carry the day, and make number lie by the Lee: this was maniteft; for by two
of the clock in the afternoon, the Engliſh had beaten their Enemies out of their
fhips.
Now Blake feeing an impoffibility of carrying them away, he ordered his The Spanish
men to fire their Prizes; which was done fo effectually, that all the Spanish Fleet fired.
Fleet were reduced to Aſhes, except two fhips that funk downright, nothing re-
maining of them above water but fome part of their Malts.
The English having now got a compleat Victory, were put to another diffi- The English
culty by the Wind, which blew ſo ſtrong into the Bay, that many deſpaired of danger, but d--
livered by a
getting Miracle.
}
392
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
getting out again. But Gods Providence was miraculouſly ſeen, in cauſing
the Wind upon the fudden to Vere about to the South-Weft, (a thing not
known in many years before) which brought Blake and his Fleet fafe to Sea
again, notwithſtanding the Spaniards from the Caftle played their Great Guns
perpetually upon them as they paffed by. The Wind, as it proved a Friend to
bring the Engliſh forth, fo it continued to carry them back again to their for-
mer ftation near to Cadiz.
This noble Service made Blake as terrible as Drake to the Spaniard; there
being lefs difference betwixt the Fame and report of their Actions and Exploits,
than in the found of their Names; and it was accordingly refented here by all
parties. Cromwel (whom it moft concerned) fent his Secretary to acquaint
The Parl. ap the Houfe with the particulars, who ordered a Thankſgiving, and 500l. to
point a Thanks.
buy the General a Jewel, as a teftimony of his Countries Gratitude, and the
giving, and
preſent their
honour they bore him; One hundred pound to the Captain that brought the
General Blake Tidings, and Thanks to all the Officers and Souldiers: and fhortly after the
with 500 l. Speaker returning home, (being ſo bruiſed and torn in the late Engagement,
that the was unfit for further ſervice till repaired) the Captain of her (Richard
Stainer) was Knighted, who indeed deferved that Honour from a better Hand;
nor did his merit mifs of it. This was atchieved on Munday the 20th of
April.
Capt. Stainer
Knighted.
The Lord Cra-
ven's Cafe of-
fered to the
Parl. but de-
ferred by the
Protector.
Cromwel
મ
The Protector having refuſed the Title of King, ( awaiting a more oppor-
tune time and advantage to reach that top and height of his Ambition which
inwardly tormented him) was now by the Parliament to be confirmed in his
former Dignity, and a Committee called of the Settlement was ordered to pre-
pare an Explanatory part to the Humble Petition and Advice, in refpect of the
Protector's Oath, his Councils, the Members of Parliament, the other Houſe,
which was to confift of fixty and odd Lords of Cromwel's Election, of which
in their place we ſhall give an account : all which being prepared and finiſhed,
the Lord Craven thought it a fit time for him to offer his Cafe to the Parliament,
by whom a day was no fooner fet for Hearing, and the Protector's Council ´or-
dered to attend, but he fends a Letter, directed to Our Trufty and Well-belo-
ved Sir Thomas Widdrington, Speaker of the Parliament, to Adjourn: but un-
derſtanding the main butinefs of the Affeffment was not yet finiſhed, he ſent
another to forbid his former; but defired them to make it their fole Affair.
Whereupon the Lord Craven was referred to the firft day of their Accefs after
the Adjournment.
When all the Acts were ready for Signing, the Protector came to the Painted
Signes Acts. Chamber and fent for the Parliament, where the Speaker tendered him theſe
Acts of State, befides others relating to Trade, &c. 1. An Act for Affeff-
ment of 60000 l. a Month, for three Months from March, for the three King-
doms. Another Money-Act for 50000l. for three years, at 35000 l. for Eng-
land, 6000 l. for Scotland, and 9000 1. for Ireland. An Act for preventing mul-
tiplicity of Buildings in and about the Suburbs of London, and within ten miles.
thereof and a whole years Revenue to be paid for every Dwelling or Houſe
built upon any new Foundation fince 1620. (and this was the reafon and foul
of that Law.) An Act for puniſhing fuch as live at High Rates, and have no
vilible Eftates. And lastly, for the obſervation of the Lords day. There was
a Bill brought in tor afcertaining and fatisfying the Publick Faith, that theſe
Patriots might ſeem to intend the eaſe of the people; but it was but once read
and committed, and reſumed afterwards to much purpoſe very briskly by `the
Council of this Protector. At the liging of thefe, Cromwel made this thort
Speech.
His Speech.
Iperceive, that among these many Acts of Parliament, there hath been a very
great care bad by the Parliament, to provide for the juft and necessary support of the
Commonwealth, by thefe Bils for Levying of Money now brought to me, which I
have given my consent unto; and understanding it hath been the praclife of thofe
whe
16$7.
393
England, Scotland and Ireland.
who have been chief Governours, to acknowledge with thanks to the Commons, their
care and regard of the Publick, I do very heartily and thankfully acknowledge their.
kindeneẞ herein.
The principal ſubſtance of the Humble Petition, &c. was this.
2. That be
6.
Advice.
1. That his Highneßunder the Title of Lord Protector, would be pleased to ex- The Humble
ercife the Office of Chief Magiftrate over England, &c. and to Govern according to Petition and
all things in this Petition and Advice, alſo, that in his Life time he would appoint
the person that should Succeed in the Government after his Death.
would call Parliaments, confifting of two Houses, once in three years at farthest.
3. That thoſe perſons who are Legally chofen by a Free Election of the people to
Serve in Parliament, may not be excluded from doing their Duties, but by conſent of
that House whereof they are Members. 4. In the fourth, was shown the qualifica-
tions of Parliament-Members. 5. In the fifth, the power of the other House.
That the Laws and Statutes of the Land be obferved and kept, and nɔ Lams al-
tered, Suſpended, Abrogated, Repealed, or new Laws made, but by Act of Parlia-
ment. 7. For a couftant yearly Revenue, ten hundred thousand pounds to be fetled
for maintenance of the Navy and Army, and three hundred thousand pounds for ſup-
port of the Government, befides other Temporary Supplies, as the Commons in Par-
liament shall fee the neceffities of the Nations to require. 8. That the number of
the Protector's Council ſhall not be above one and twenty; whereof the Quorum to
be feven, and not under. 9. The Chief Officers of State, as Chancellors, Keepers
of the Great Seal, &c. to be approved of by Parliament. 10. That his Highneß
would encourage a Godly Ministry in theſe Nations; and that ſuch as do revile or
disturb them in the Worship of God, may be punished according to Law; and
where the Laws are defective, new ones to be made in that behalf. 11. That the
Protestant Chrißian Religion, as it is contained in the Old and New Teſtaments, be
aſſerted and held forth for the publick profeffion of these Nations, and no other i
and that a Confeſſion of Faith be agreed upon and recommended to the People of
thefe Nations and none be permitted by Words or Writings to revile or reproach
the faid Confefion of Faith, &c.
Which he having Signed, declared his acceptance in theſe Words.
That he came thither that day, not as to a Triumph, but with the most ferious Cromwel's
thoughts that ever he had in all his life, being to undertake one of the greatest Bur-, Speech at his
thens that ever was laid upon the back of any Humane Creature, ſo that without acceptance
the fupport of the Almighty, he muſt fink under the weight of it, to the damage`and thereof.
prejudice of thefe Nations. This being ſo, he must ask help of the Parliament,
and of these that fear God, that by their Prayers he might receive aſſiſtance from
God: For nothing elfe could enable him to the difcharge of fo great a Duty and
Trust.
›. That ſeeing this is but an Introduction to the carrying on of the Government of
thefe Nations and there being many things which cannot be supplied without the
affiftance of the Parliament, it was his duty to ask their help in them; not that
be doubted: for the lame Spirit that had led the Parliament to this, would eafily
Suggeſt the fame to them. For his part, nothing would have induced him to take this
unfupportable Burthen to Flesh and Blood, but that he had feen in the Parliament
a great care in doing those things which might really answer the ends that were
engaged for, and make clearly for the Liberty of the Nations, and for the Intereſt
and Prefervation of all fuch as fear God under various Forms.
And if thefe
Nations be not thankful to them for their care therein, it will fall as a Sin on their
Heads.
Yet there are some things wanting that tend to Reformation, to the diſcountenan-
cing Vice, and encouragement of Vertue, but he spake not this as in the least doubting
their progres, but as one that doth beartily defire, to the end God may Crown their
Fif
twork.
*
394
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
1
1
{
His Inveftiture.
The Protector
Work, that in their own time, and with what speed they judge fit, theſe things
may be provided for.
There remained onely the folemnity of the Inauguration or Inveftiture,
which being agreed upon by the Committee and the Protector, was by the Par-
liament appointed to be performed in Westminster-ball, where at the upper end
thereof, there was an afcent raiſed, where a Chair and Canopy of State was
fer, and a Table with another Chair for the Speaker, with Seats built Scaffold-
wife for the Parliament on both fides, and places below for the Aldermen of
London, and the like: All which being in a readiness, the Protector came out
of a Room adjoyning to the Lords Houſe, and in this order proceeded into the
Hall. Firſt went his Gentlemen, then a Herald; next the Aldermen, another
Herald, the Attorney-General, then the Judges, (of whom Serjeant Hill was.
one, being made a Baron of the Exchequer June 16.) then Norroy, the Lords
Commiffioners of the Treaſury, and the Seal carried by Commiffionier Fiennes ;
then Garter, and after him the Earl of Warwick with the Sword born before
the Protector Bare-headed, the Lord Mayor Titchborn carrying the City-Sword
(by the special Coaks of the Protector) by his left Hand. Being feated in
his Chair, on the left hand thereof ftood the faid Titcbborn and the Dutch Em-
baffador, the French Enbaffador and the Earl of Warwick on the Right; next
behinde him flood his Son Richard, Fleetwood, Claypool, and the Privy Coun-
cil; upon a lower defcent ftood the Lord Viſcount Lifle, Lords Montague and
Whitlock, with drawn Swords.
Then the Speaker (Sir Thomas Widdrington) in the Name of the Parlia-
fallid, r. ment, prefented to him a Robe of Purple-Velvet, a Bible, a Sword, and a Scep-
tor; all which were precious Tokens of the Parliaments favour.) At the de-
livery of theſe things, the Speaker made a fhort Comment upon them to the
Protector, which he divided into four parts, as followeth.
ffu 'va-aber's
anies
1. The Robe of Purple, this is an Emblem of Magistracy, and imports Righte
Font on the ousneẞ and Jutice. When you have put on this Veftment, I may fay you are a Gown-
This Robe is of a mixt colour, to shew the mixture of Justice and Mercy.
Indeed, a Magiſtrate must have two bands, Plectentem & amplectentem, to che-
rish and to puniſh.
barreof.
man.
2. The Bible is a Book that contains the Holy Scriptures, in which you have
the happines to be well vers'd. This Book of Life confifts of two Teftaments, the
Old and New: the first fhews Chriftum Velatum, the fecond Chriftum Revela-
tunt ;/ Chriſt Vailed and Revealed: it is a Book of Books, and doth contain both
Precepts and Examples for good Government.
3. Here is a Scepter, not unlike a Staff; for you are to be a Staff to the Weak
and Poor: it is of antient ufe in this kinde. It's faid in Scripture, that the Scep-
ter fhall not depart from Judah. It was of the like ufe in other Kingdoms; Ho-
met the Greek Poet calls Kings and Princes Scepter-bearers.
4. The last thing is a Sword, not a Military but Civil Sword, it is a Sword
rather of defence than offence; not to defend your felf onely, but your People also. If
Imight prefume to fix a Motto upon this Sword, as the Valiant Lord Talbot ad
upon his, it should be this, Ego fum Domini Protectoris, ad protegendum popu
lum meuth, I am the Protector, to protect my People.
C
**This Specch being ended, the Speaker took the Bible and gave the Protector
his Oath afterwards Mr. Manton made a Prayer, wherein he recommended
the Protector, Parliament, Council, the Forces by Land and Sea; Government,
and People of the three Nations, to the protection of God. Which being ent-
ded, the Heralds by found of Trumpet Proclaimed his Highness Protector of
England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Dominions thereunto belongings re-
quiring all perfons to yield him due obedience. At the end of all, the Prote-
etor, with his Train carried up by the Lord Sherard, Warwick's Nephew, and
the
1
1657.
395
England, Scotland and Freland.
the Loid Roberts his Eldeft fon, returned in the fame polture, the Earl of War-
wick fitting at one end of the Coach againſt him; Richard his fon and Whit-
lock in one, and Lord Lifle and Montague in the other Boot, with fwords
drawn, and the Lord Claypool Mafter of the Hoife led the Horfe of Honour
in rich Capariſons to White-ball. The Members to the Parliament-houſe, where
they Prorogued their fitting to the twentieth of January.
Great Rhodomontadoes of Proclaimings, and little less than Blafphemy in
the feveral Addreffes in and from all parts of the three Kingdoms, were the
vapouring and ranting conclufions of this ftory; which reduceth to memory
another terrible occurrence to the Protector, amidst thoſe ambages and fufpence
of a Crown, namely a Bock published under the Title of Killing no Murther, A Book called
by which it was proved, and that molt evidently, that it was not onely Lawful Killing no
but Honourable to lay this Tyrant: It was a very ingenious and Learned Murther pub-
liſhed now.
Piece, and frighted Oliver exceedingly, who fearched for it as Herod did in
another cafe, but it could not be difcovered: whoever the Author was, his
Book and he deſerves everlasting memory. It was alfo attended like the pre-
ceding part of his ufurpation, with a molt terrible blow of Gunpowder, 4 terrible
out of a Mill neer Wapping, which ruined and deſtroyed ſeveral Houfes, and Blow of Gun-
powder neer
killed feveral perfons, and antwered with its crack and vicine Eccho the but Wapping.
juft-ceafed Guns from the Tower of London upon that occafion; or as others
faid, it was an Introduction or Warning-blow of the intended mifchief by the
Committee for New Buildings, who now began their work in all earneſtneſs,
fitting in Salusbury-Court at Mr. Sadler's the Town-Clerk of London.
was feconded with as remarkable an Earth-quake at Bickly in Cheshire, on the As Earth-
eighth of July, where fome twenty yards of Ground, with three great Oaks quake iz Che
and other Trees, fell as with the noiſe of a Cannon (the fame tenour of allu- mire.
ding Fate in its portents against this Governour-General) thirty yards deep in
This
the ground, where nothing but Water could be difcovered. Other accidents Several Mur- '
of Murcher and Slaughter there were: one Butler, a Comrade and Companion thers and other
of one Knight's, Servant to one Worth a Silk-man, then upon his affairs at Bri- accidents, &c.
ſtol, being tempted with the fight of the Money, which lying with this Knight
in his Matters abfence he had opportunity to obferve, cut his Friends Throat
after ſome ſtrugling, and eſcaped with the Money; but was moft providen-
tially diſcovered. One Parfons Lieutenant-Colonel to Pride, being ſet upon in
the Highway for his Purfe, and making refiftance, was fhot, for all the care
of his Comrades the Major-Generals, whofe Authority now began to wain.
But that which is moſt remarkable of thefe occurrences and caſualties, was the
Execution of Captain Bernard, tor Robbing the Houſe of his Colonel Winthrop,
Colonel in Harrison's place and Regiment, wherein, this Bernard, for betraying Bernards that
his former Colonel the Noble Eufebius Andrews, as before, had a Troop given betrayed Col.
him by the Long Parliament; fo commenfurate was the Divine Juftice to his Andrews
fin, puniſhing his Treachery against the one, by his crime of Burglary against Hanged for
Robbery.
his other Colonel. He made applications to Cromwel, and alledged his paft,
and proffered great future fervice for a Reprieve; but even Cromwel himfelf
thought not ſuch a fellow fit to live; belides, he was infamous, and too well
known; and he had new ones of greater abilities retained to that purpoſe, no
way in the world fufpicable of fuch practifes, namely one Corker a Minifter
formerly in Yorkſhire, but a violent and Active Royalift in the War, and one
that had a hand in that Exploit of killing of Rainsborough; and a Knight for
merly Governour of Newark, far more eminent in the Royal ſervice, of which
preſently.
The Forrain adjunct tranfactions, were firft the Danish War with the Swede,
then engaged in a far diftant War with the almoft-fubdued Pale. The reaſon
of this fuddain Rupture, was thetike Invafion made by the Swede fome thirteen
years before, and wrefting by his Arms fome Provinces from that Kingdom, of
which now this occafion offered them the recovery; however it answered not
its promifing beginnings.
Fff 2
The
396
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
!
"
The Duke of York, who Commanded a part of the Spanish Army, was mar-
ching to joyn with other Forces to the Relief of Montmedy-Cattle in Lorrain,
befieged by the French Marthal de Ferte. While the English Forces joyned with
four Regiments of Horfe, were advancing from Vervins, part of them, to the
number of 300, quartered in a Cattle fomething diftant from the Body, the
Duke with a Brigade attaqued, and thereupon they preſently yielded and, took
up Arms with him: notwithstanding this inaufpicious entrance, they marched
St. Venant and joyned with Turenne, then at the fiege of St. Venant, where Colonel Mor-
taken by the
Waited Forces, gan in an attempt made by his men, (who feeing fonie of their fellows in dan-
ger, bravely forlook their Trenches) took a Halt-Moon, and lodged themſelves
under the Counterfcarp, (the cuſtom of taking Towns there being by flower
progreffions) which mainly conduced to the fpeedy furrender of that place.
Colonel Morgan received a Wound in his Arm at this fiege. From thence the
United Forces marched towards Dunkirk, having gained and fecured the Paffes
upon the Colne, that they might march either to Gravelin or Dunkirk; but the
latter being aimed at, they took up their firft quarters at Bourbrock, defigning
upon Mardike-Fort: fome of the English quartered at Watton, where there is a
Colledge of English Jefuits,and where there was between them a reciprocation of
civil ufage. Mr. Talon Was diſpatcht by Turenne for more fupplies,and Colonel
Reynolds followed him to London, and in the mean while, about the middle of
September, the Armies fat down before Mardike, and put themſelves between it
and Dunkirk, General Montague riding before the Splinter with a Fleet of
War: it was not long before a continual Battery had made the Befieged quit
the Wooden Fort; which fo incommodated them, being feized by the Enemy,
that they were forced to yield to Mercy, Sept. 23. Turenne not allowing bet-
ter, becauſe they had refufed his firtt offers: the Fort was immediately put in-
to the poffeffion of the Engliſh, a party of French being added to them, under
Colonel Morgan, and the reft of the Army (it being thought unadviſeable to
attempt a Siege againſt Dunkirk, the Winter growing fo hard upon them)
returned to Bourbrock, where the English took up their Winter-quarters to be
neer Mardike, and the French at Ardres. Afterwards it was refolved that two
Regiments, to wit, Colonel Reynold's and Alfap's, ſhould march into French
quarters, and relieve (and be relieved) every two Months their fellows here-
abouts; to the ftrengthning of which place, and while the Fortifications were
finiſhed, Marſhal Turenne ftaid fome time with his Army.
Mardike ta-
ken Sep. 23.
and put into
English bands.
.)
Mardike Stor
med by night,
o&o. 22.
The taking of Mardike was very grievous to the Dunkirkers and Spanish.
fide, and therefore it was refolved by Don John to hazard a Scalado and Affault
by night The Illuftrious Duke of York and the Marquess of Caracene ordered
and were preſent in the buſineſs, and the King our Soveraign, and the Duke of
Glouceſter, had conveyed themſelves to Dunkirk, to ſee the management of this
attempt. On the 22 of October at night, fome 4000 English, Scotch and
Irifh, and fome Spaniards, about ten a clock at night began the Storm with
Hand-Granadoes, and all forts of Affaulting Engines, and were got into the
Trenches, and mounted their Scaling-ladders; but the English within being
in a readineſs, and Reynolds, Morgan, and Lillingſtone, being at that ſame time
there, the Affailants were with great flaughter repelled and beaten down; the
Great. Guns from the English Fleet (riding at the Splinter) firing their Broad-
fides, being directed by four great Links (fet up in the Corners of the Fort)
how, to mils it: nevertheless, about four a clock the Duke commanded the
Affault to be renewed again; which was done with greater fury, but to as little
advantage; which event with the approaching day-light caufed a retreat, the
Dead being moft of them carried off in Waggons. There were fome hundreds
gueffed to be flain, but the number is uncertain.
This was a rude accoft and greeting of Country-men, which uſed to be the
moft obliging in Forrain Countries; but Rebellion is a Witch (as they are
-compared with a pejoration of the former, in Scripture) that had transformed
the Military part of the Nation. Often have we fought on both fides, but were
+
never
{
}
1657.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
397
never oppoſed in any Battle one againſt another, much lefs to fight an home-
bred quarrel of our own in Out-land ground. The Noble Duke therefore
thinking the Hearts of the Leaders of this Garriſon, if they had any true Eng-
lith Worth or Honour fuitable to their Commands, might be touched with the
unnaturalness of the Fact, and a fenfe of their Allegiance, and refpect to their
Rightful Soveraign,and himſelf the next Prince of the Blood, (against whom they
indirectly and collaterally militated) as being now out of the Reach, Influence,
and Awe of the Ufurper, fought therefore by fair means to win this Party,
which would highly and fufficiently conduce to his Majefties Service, to their
obedience. In order to this, by the means of a Scotch Knight (whoſe Name
flips our prefent uſe) well acquainted with Colonel Reynolds, he was prevailed
upon to give the Duke a meeting in the mid-way betwixt Dunkirk and Mar-
dike, which are diftant about two miles, with a party of Horfe on either fide.
Reynolds at the approach of the Duke did the reverence which was redevable
to his Highness, and fhewed himself in all reſpects as became him towards fuch
an Illuftrious Perfonage, and with the fame handſome demeanour departed to
the Fort. What conference they had was never perfectly related, for it was
private but the very news of the meeting in that amicable reſpectful man-
ner, being conveyed with ſpeed to Cromwel, cauſed in him fuch jealoufies and
diftruſts, that inflamed with anger at this his great Confident and Favourite, he
preſently diſpatcht away a Meffenger to Command him for London; which
he, and Colonel White, with one Mr. Devaux the Secretary to Reynolds, readily
obeying, and taking the firft fhip was ready, and that would venture to go off;
(which was a Dutch Pink of 10 Guns, in a ftormy night the 12 of December,
a Frigat offering to wait on him next Morning) he was caft away the fame
night on the back of the Goodwyn-fands, his Cheft, Sword and Belt being col.Reynolds,
found thereabouts, and thereby ſaved the ungrateful excufe of his duty, and pre- c. caft away
vented the prejudiced revenge of his Mafter Oliver. Morgan Commanded in on the Good-
wyn-fands.
his place till the arrival of Marfhal D' Aumont, (who brought with him
Monfieur Mancini the Cardinal's Nephew, defirous out of curiofity to fee this
viciffitudinary Fortress) who had the fupreme Command, but devolved the
exerciſe and truft thereof to the fame hand as before. Here Marſhal D' Au-
ment was furnished with fome fhips of ours for a defigne upon Oftend, which
he had thought he had furely purchaſed: but of this hereafter.
As to other Forrain News, there was great difccurfe about the right to the Vi-
cariat or Vicarſhip of the Empire, which now happened by the Death of the
Emperour Ferdinand the 4 of Auftria, his Son the King of the Romans being
dead fome while before. It did indiſputably belong to the Prince Elector Pa-
latine; but upon the quarrel for the Crown of Bohemia, he was profcribed and
degraded, and the Duke of Bavaria (a defcendant of the younger Houſe)
did now affert and maintain that right, as lately confirmed on him by the Empe-
rour against the Palatine; and fo it remained fub judice.
The Protector (the War growing hot betwixt the two Northern Kings,
the Dane having attaqued Bremerwarden, a very ftrong place, and foon after
Mattered it) dilpatcht away two Envoys Extraordinary, viz. Sir Philip Me- Sir Philip
dows Knighted by himſelf (afterwards by that King with the Order of the Medows the
Elephant) to the King of Denmark, and fince by our Soveraign; being the Protector's En-
fare Gentleman that was employed before to the King of Portugal: and Co-y to Den-
mark, Colonel
lonel Jephfon to the King of Sweden, then journeying Poft out of Poland to Jephíon to
encounter this new Enemy. They were both well received, the firft at Copen- Sweden.
bagen, the other (by the way of Lubeck) at Wifmar, whither the Swede was
arrived: to whom, during this offered Mediation betwixt both, Cromwel ſent
fupplies of 2000 Men and Arms from London, Tarmouth, and Hull, in ſeveral
fhips; fo radicated was his Hate against the moſt offenceless and diftant Allies
and Relations of the Crown, as the Dane was; which he took all occafions,
how villanous and bafe foever, to render of feared and damnifying confequence,
and dangerous prejudices to all the neighbouring States and Princes. A Decla
[.
ration
1
398
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
་་
Cromwel
Smears his
Privy-Council,
The Earl of
Mulgrave
made on, Rich.
Cromwel a-
nother Lord of
the Council, and
Chancellor of
Oxford.
Cromwel's
advancem nt
of his Sons.
ration of another Maffacre of the Proteftants in Poland, upon the return of
that King into thofe hinder parts of the Kingdom which had fubmitted to the
Swede, and were now by him deferted; but the defigne of the other of Pied-
mont was yet recent and rank, and ſo it took not.
At home, Cromwel was now Swearing his Privy-Council over, according to
one of the Articles of the Humble Petition and Advice, and the Earl of Mul-
grave was
made one of them; and becauſe the Parliament had declared the
next fucceffion into his Dignity fhould be at the appointment of himſelf by
Act or publick Declaration, he thought it time to produce his Son Richard, and
to train him in the Government. He was therefore made another Lord of the
Council, and the Chancellorship of Oxford (which the Protector had refigned)
was beltowed on him, and a folemn Inftalment of him by Dr. Owen the Vice-
Chancellor was acted with all the Formalities at White-ball. The courſe of his
life before this calling to the State, ſpent it ſelf in the pleaſures and divertiſe-
ments of the Country, where he appeared in a medium of privacy and great-
nefs, tempering one another to the eftimate of a civil and noble difpolition,
manifefted in feveral kindneffes obtained at his Fathers hands for the Loyal Gen-
try, to whole Converſe and Familiarity he was out of policy addreffed, to the
captating their good will and favour, towards the eaſier afcent to his defigned
Soveraignty. Cromwel's other Son Henry was alfo in Progrefs in Ireland,
fhewing himfelt to the Army and People there, upon the fame account, that
Kingdom being allotted to him for his Inheritance, to hold it of this in Fee.
Fleetwood was intended tor Scotland in the fame capacity and Command, but
Hic labor hoc opus, General Monke was not easily removed thence; fair means
were not effectual nor practicable as things ftood, and a Rupture or Revolt of
that Kingdom was not to be ventured on by any open force or declared War
againſt him. His third Daughter Mary was likewife promoted to an honoura-
ble Match, being Married to the Lord-Viscount Faulconbridge on the 18 of No-
ed to the Lord vember, with a great do of State at Hampton-Court, (the recefs and delight
of the ufurper, whither he went and came always in an hurry and poft; nor
bridge.
did he dare to be further off from the City of London.) This Title was con-
His Daughter
Francis Mar- ferred on the Family, of Bellafis by the King in the War, and was taken for
ried to the E. valid upon this Wedding. His youngest Daughter Francis was foon after
of Warwick's Married to Mr. Rich the Earl of Warwick's Grand-fon. A new Charter,
Grand-fon
A new Eaft. conftituting a new East-India-Company, ( which Trade had lain in Common
India compa for fome years) now paffed the Seal, Cromwel being one of them, and putting
ny conftituted. in a Stock: which turned to the account of his Majefty (as of due ) fome time
Mr. Downing afterwards. Mr. Downing was fent his Envoy into Holland. One Colonel
Saxby taken at Gravefend on fhipboard, (of Syndercombe's Counfel) being a
Leveller, died (as was fuppofed of Poyfon) in the Tower of London; which
rendered Syndercombe's end more plainly fufpected.
His Daughter
Mary Marri-
Faulcon.
·
Cromwel's
Envoy into
Holland.
66.
per-
The folemniza The Fettival of Christmaß, which had been abrogated by feveral Lawleſs Or-
tions of Chrift- dinances, and endeavoured to be fuppreffed, revived its head, and began to
maß forbidden,
recover its priſtine veneration. This greatly offended the Ufurper, who
Dr. Gunning's ceived that notwithſtanding all his Edicts and Interminations against the
Congregation Church and her Proteftant-Profeffors, the true Religion prevailed againſt him,
Seized and
and with that infallibly the Kings Intereſt would joyntly rife, the thought of
Plundered.
which was toft grievous, and not endurable. Notice being given him now of a
private Affembly folemnizing the mercy and memory of that day, at Dr.
Gunning's at Exeter-houfe in the Strand; he fent a Band of Red-coats to feize
them, who over-and-above Plundered and Stript many of them, and carried
ſome away Priſoners to anfwer this contempt against his Injunction.
L
And fo without any Blood (which was taken for a wonder) in this inter-
val, we are arrived to the return of the Parliament after the expiration of the
Adjournment, when according to the 4th Article of the Petition and Advice,
which provided for the freedom of Parliaments, and another for Another House,
as 'twas called (Cromwel giving it that Nick-name or Mid-word, as bordering
upon
1657.
399.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
こ
​1
upon the lower.
upon an upper-Houſe of Parliament, and of the fame new coyning as Prote-
Etorship, which entrencht upon the Soveraignty: ut Canis, fit Catuli.) They met
together in two Honfes, that of the Commons to their full number of Ele-
ctions, that of the What do ye call uim's in the House of Lords, in and accor-
ding to the ufual cuftoms of the Peers. Theſe confcious of their own worth-
lefsness, and their inconfiftency with the English honour, like the bafelt of Up-
ftarts, bewrayed their meanness by all manner of abject compliance, and faw- The Other
ning upon the Commons their half-Parent, who being rightly conftituted, dif- How? as in-"
Houje
owned the fpurious Brat, as a by-blow of the former Convention; and with Atructed fawn
ſuch ſcorn and derifion did they receive the notice of their meeting there, be-
fides the neglect of it, as if they had been the moft ridiculous fellows in the
World, a may-game, fpleen-moving fpectacle; with What did they there? who
fent for them ? what was their buſineſs? like intruding Fidlers to ferous Company.
Notwithstanding, thefe Imps of the ufurpers Prerogative, as inftructed, perfifted
in their Courtships and Blandiments of the Commons as aforefaid. (It ſhould
have been mentioned, that Oliver in his Speech to them did highly magnifie the
Settlement, as beyond all expectation that ever fuch brave things would have
been done for England, and hinted much of the establishment of Religion,
(the Neck whereof was jaft then broken, as we may fay) and that if they
perfevered in that hopeful beginning, the Generations to come bould call them
Bleſſed.)
ܼܿܝ
That pofterity may be fully informed of the Inftitution, Number, and Names
of the aforefaid fellows of the other Houfe, in brief take this account. The
Parliament left the choice of them to Cromwel by the Humble Petition, and he
graced with this Dignity most of his fuperiour Officers, fome Grandee-Com-
nonwealths-men, fome Presbyterians, fome of the Nobility, as the Earl of
Manchester, Lord Wharton, Lord Mulgrave, all of his Privy-Council and Re-
lations, and one or two private Gentlemen, of which Mr. Hambden was one :
The Nobility prudentially forbore fitting with that riff-raff, the Presbyterians
with much fcruple, but. Sir Arthur Haflerig utterly abominated it, and kept
his ftation with the Commons, as to contra diftinguifhed. The whole number
named was 62, of which fome ten were the worst of Mechanicks, fuch as
Pride, Hewson, Kelley, Cooper, Goffe, Berry, &c. whom we refer to the enfuing
Catalogue, to which the Names of the Judges and Serjeants are added.
BW /
Jyest
A
The Members of the other Houfe, alias Houſe of Lords.
Lord Richard "Cromwel.
Lord Henry Cromwel Deputy of
Ireland.
Nath. Fiennes Commif. of the
John Lifle. Great Seal.
Hen. Lawrence, Preſident of the
Council.!
Charles Fleetwood Lieut. Gen.
of the Army.
Robert Earl of Warwick,
Edmund Earl of Mulgrave.
Edward Earl of Mancheſter.
Will. Ld. Viſcount Say and Seal.
Philip Lord Viscount Liſlă. „h.
Charles Lord Viscount Howard.
Philip Lord, Wharton, bliana us
Thomas Lord Faulconbridge.,!
George Lord Evers.
John Cleypole, Efq.
1
Job
Ed
Jobbrow,
gue.
brow,
Generals at
Sea.
Commif. of the
Treaſury.
Bulffon bitlock
W.Sydenham.
Sir Charles Wolfley.
Sir Gilbert Pickering.
Walter Strickland, Efq.
Philip Skippon, Elq.
Francis Rous, Elq.
John Jones, Elq.
Sir William Strickland.
John Fiennes, Efq.
Sir Francis Ruffel.
Sir Thomas Honywood.
Sir Arthur Haflerig.
Sir John Hobart.
Sir Richárd'Onflow.
Sir Gilbert Getrard.
Sir William Roberts.
The Names of
Cromwel's
Other Houfe
John
}
1
1
--
400
1
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
John Glyn, Chief Juftices of
Oli. St. John.
James Berry, Elq.
both Benches.
William Goff, Eſq.
Thomas Cooper, Elq.
William Pierrepoint, Elq.
John Crew, Elq.
Alexander Popham, Eſq.
Philip Jones, Elq.
Sir Christopher Pack:
• Sir Robert Titchborn.
Edward Whaley, Commif. Gen.
Sir John Berkstead, Lieutenant
of the Tower.
Sir Thomas Pride.
Sir George Fleetwood.
Sir John Hufon.
Richard Ingoldsby, Efq.
George Monke, Gen. in Scotland.
David Earl of Caffils.
Sir William Lockhart.
Archibald Jobnfon of Ware-
fton.
William Steel Chancellor of Ire
land.
Roger Lord Brogbil.
Sir Matthew Thomlinſon.
Wiliam Lenthal, Maſter of the
Rolls.
Richard Hampden, Efq.
Commiffioners of the Great Seal, and their Officers.
Nathaniel Fiennes.
John Lifle.
Part III.
William Lenthal, Mafter of the
Rolls.
1
Officers Attending.
#
Henry Middleton, Serjeant at | Mr. Brown.
Arms.
}
Mr. Dove.
Judges of both Benches.
John Glyn, Lord Chief-Juftice. | Oliver St. John, L.Chief-Juftice.
The Names of
the Fudges of
both Benches,
Pet. Warburton,
Juftices of the Edward Atkins,
Rich. Nudigate. Upper-Bench. Matthew Hale,
Hugh Windham.
His Barons of the Exchequer.
Robert Nicholas, John Parker, and Roger Hill.
with the Ba-
rons of the Ex-
chequer,
Serjeant at Law,
Eraſmus Earl.
Murney-General,
nd Prideaux.
Juftices of
the Com.
Bench.
Sollicitor,
William Ellis.
and Serjeants
at Law.
Serjeants at Law called by Him to the Bar.
Richard Pepys, 25 Jan. 1653.
Thomas Fletcher, 25 Jan.1653.
Matthew Hale, 25 Jan. 1653.
William Steel, 9 Febr. 1653.
John Maynard, 9 Febr. 1653.
Rich. Nudigate, 9 Febr. 1653.
The. Twifden, 9 Febr. 1653.
Hugh Windham, 9 Febr. 1653.
Unton Crook, 21 June 1654.
John. Parker, 21 June 1654.
Roger Hill, 28 June 1655.
William Shepard, 25 Oct.1656.
John Fountain, 27 Nov. 1656.
Evan Sithe.
.་ ་
But to proceed after Cromwel had made that fair Speech, Fiennes the Lord-
Commillioner of the Seal refumed (by his order) the difcourfe, which was
to beg more Money for Cromwel's Heart could not ftoop to fuch Humble O-
ratory; declaring, That the Money granted (though thought fufficient) fell much
beneath the expence and neceffity of the State, especially that Tax of the new
Buildings
+
F
ì
1657..
401
England, Scotland and Freland.
Buildings failed altogether of what was expected and intended by it ; and ſo recom-
mended the whole affair to their confideration. Being fate in the Houfes ( as
aforesaid the other Houfe fent to the Commons (by two of their number )
ノ
​a Meſſage for a day of Humiliation, but were returned with this Anſwer, The A Hamiliation
Houfe would confider of it; and then they fell upon a Vote for two Months time day appointed
to exhibite any Petitions againft undue Elections, and affented to a Humilia-
tion, which was kept within the Walls of both Houſes, by Dr. Reynolds, and Mr.
Caryl, Mr. Calamy, and. Mr. Griffith, half Presbyterian, half Ind: pendent, as
was the temper and conftitution of this Affembly.
This patt, they fell a queftioning the Frame of the Government, which
their fellow-Members had erected during their Seclufion; which yet notwith-
ftanding was carried but by two Voices in the Affirmative and in a refolution
of unravelling it all again they proceeded very fiercely; which being told at
White-bull, allarmed on the other ear with danger from abroad, and that the
defigne had already footing in fome of the adjacent Counties; Cromwel dallied
not with this two-handed neceflity, but to rid himself of the nearest firft, ac-
companied with his Guards, he by Water came to the other Houfe, and fent
for the tother; and having ranted away a quarter of an hour out of the old.
Bias, (for now he plainly perceived the cld itales would not ferve, and that
his Life and Greatnets lay at the fame ftake;) to break them up, he broke forth
into very rash and cholerick Language, to which, as a pertinent refolution, co-
rollary and period, he added an adjuration to the ftain of his larved fan-
ctity, in theſe or fuch Words, By the Living God I must and do diffolve The Parliament
you.
diffolved.
As to the Royal Enterprize, it was begun ever fince the Invettiture of Oliver,
who fufpecting fuch practiſes, had with Money debauch'd the Fidelity of Sir
Richard Willis, and one Corker a Parſon as aforefaid, that now profeſſed Phyſick,
and made always one at any Match or Horfe- race what; and being a
noted Royalist, fcrued himſelf into all Royalifts Company and Difcourfe. The
Treachery of theſe men was employed, and now manifefted in this affair, and
thereby Cromwel was certified, that the Marquefs of Ormond perfonally labour-
ed in the Intrigue, and for that purpoſe was arrived in England, to lead the
Forces of the Loyal Combination, which were inftantly to be feconded with.
an Army out of Flanders: Jutt therefore as the defigne was ripe, he emitted cavalier-Plot
out a Proclamation of twenty miles, and feized divers eminent Royalifts, and discovered, and
among them Sir Richard Wilu; and Feak the frantick roarer of Sermons was Marq. of Or-
ſent to bear them company, but foon after (when this danger from the Kings
mond hardly
party was more compert) releaſed. The Marquels of Ormond latitating fome-
where in Suffex, very difficultly, by the affiftance of one Mr. Graves a Gentle-
man of that County, got away in a ſmall Boat, and eſcaped feizure; ſo neer
was he fet, and the defigne fo particularly difcovered.
escapes.
While thoſe were the private clole Intrigues at White-ball, more publique
ones were agitating in the Army, in the three Kingdoms; from every Regiment
whereof Addreffes were figned and fent to the Protector, wherein they glanced
upon the late Parliament, and offered themſelves, and more than they were
worth, to the defence of his Highness's Perfon and Government, againſt the
Common and Secret Enemy: the like came from Mardike; ( who joyned
with fome French, had made an excurfion towards Graveling, and furprized
and taken two out-Forts, and fo returned :) the fame Complement came alfo
from the County-Troops, and their Officers, who attended the Sheriffs, and
fucceeded in the room of the Major-Generals, (now (for their Exorbitances
and dangerous power even to their Author, and becauſe the work for which they
were called was over) laid afide) in place of Liveries, to leffen (as was pre-
tended) the charge of that place; but in truth the Protector knowing he could
not be ſerved faithfully by the Gentry, would name fuch, no matter whom, as sheriff's di(-
he could contide in; and the expence of retinue and treating the Judges being charged of ex-
taken off, a Yeoman or Tradefman of the well-affected might ferve turn, and peace at Af-
G 8 B
make Sizes.
402
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
(
His Character.
make profit of his place, as in all other Offices of the Commonwealth; and in
this very prick for the year coming of 58, Cromwel oblerved the Rule he had
given, which was in its place omitted.
The Victorious Blake returning into England from the Coaft of Spain, ha-
ving awed all the Ports and Harbours thereof, fell fick by the way of a Difcafe
Blake dies re- his Seafaring had brought upon him, the Scurvy and Dropfic, and died jutt as
turning home. the Fleet was entring into Plymouth-Sound, where he paffionately enquired for
the Land. A man of eminent Fortitude, both active and paffive. A matter of
as many Succeffes and Atchievements, as any perfon except Cromwel, being
never Worfted but once in his whole Warfare, and that was in the Downs by
Van Trump, and had merited exceedingly of his Country, had he been as tender
of its Home-bred as Forrain Honour, of which he was jealoufly obfervant, it
ferving for his argument to keep the Fleet free from any Divifions or Factions.
upon the news of the feveral changes in England. He was buried with a hand-
fome Funeral, juft in the fame manner as General Dean was trom Greenwich,
but efpecial notice was taken of Colonel Lambert's (then in difgrace) atten-
dance on his Horfe, between whom there was it ſeems a more intimate corre-
fpondence. He was Interred in Hen. 7th's Chappel, as other of the Grandees
that died in the ufurpation ufually were, without any other Monument than
that of his Indelible Renown for pure Valour.
·
4
Cromwel's
Fears and per-
plexed condi-
tion.
NOW
h
Anno Dom. 1658.
every time,
Ow did the ufurper feel the Thornes of his unjuſt Acquifts in the reſtleſs
Fears an quiets, which meaſured every moment of his time, his fleeps
being diſturbed the apprehenfions of thofe dangers the day prefented unto
him in the approaches of any ftrange Face, whofe motion he would moft fixed-
ly attend. Above all, he very carefully obſerved fuch whofe mind or aſpect
were featured with any chearful and debonair Lineaments; for fuch he boded
were they that would difpatch him to that purpoſe he always went fecretly
Armed, both offenfive and defenfive, and never ftirred without a great Guard.
In his ufual Journey between White-ball and Hampton Court, by feveral Roads,
he drove full-ſpeed in the Summer-time, making fuch a duft with his Life-guard,
part before, and part behinde, at a convenient diftance, for fear of choaking him
with it, that one could hardly fee for a quarter of an hour together, and al-
ways came in fome private way or other: he likewife never Lodged above twice
or thrice in a Room, to which there was no paffage but by twenty feveral Locks.
Sometimes he would pretend to be merry, and invite perfons of whom he had
ſome fufpition to his Cups, and then drill out of their opened Hearts ſuch fe-
crets as he tifht for. He had freaks alfo to divert the vexations of his mifgi
ving thoughts, calling in by the beat of Drum his Foot-guards, like a Ken-
nel of Hounds to fnatch away the ſcraps aud reliques of his Table. He faw
every mans hand was againſt him, and that he ran daily into farther perplexi-
ties, out of which it was impoffible to extricate, or fecure himself therein,
without running into further danger, fo that he began to alter much in the
tenour of his former converfe, and to run and transform into the manners of the
ancient Tyrants, thinking to pleaſe and mitigate his own Tortures with the fuf-
ferings of others.
342
Royalifts or
Thus began the year with a Proclamation of the old relish, for Royaliſts to
dered to depart depart London twenty miles, &c. and inftantly Colonel Ruffel, Sir William
from London. Compton, Sir William Clayton, and other old Prifon-gues of that party were
Committed to the Tower; but many of thofe again't whom the information
from the two aforefaid intelligencers was given, were Gentlemen and Citizens
not
1658.
403
England, Scotland and Ireland.
not in
any ſervice or defigne before; whether out of fome reluctancy of con- A Plot difco-
ſcience they would not ruine their old Comrades, or for fear of diſcovering of vered, and the
his Spies, of which he ſhould have perpetual need, Cromwel thought not fit to perfons engaged
in it fecured.
engage and fet them upon fuch face to face, they being not otherwife to be de-
coy'd. Thefe fresh-men were fome of them Citizens of London; as Mr. Manly
a Merchant, Mr. Carent, Mr. Jackson, and Mr. Sumner: the other principals,
c. were Mr. Mordant the Earl of Peterburgh's Brother, and Dr. John Hewet
Preacher then at St. Gregories by Pauls; Mr. (after Sir Thomas) Woodcock, Mr.
Maunſel, both engaged in the Kings eſcape and ſhipping out of Suſſex from
Worcester, Mr. Mallory, Mr. Stapely, Mr. Hartgil Baron, and others: moſt of
theſe were taken and kept cloſe Priſoners, till fuch time as fome were wrought
upon to witneſs againſt their fellows, and then fet at liberty. The Defigne was
laid in Kent, Eſſex, Surry, and Suffex, the King being ready to have palled over, readings with
The King in
(as before) with an Army under the Conduct of the Count of Marfin, the Forces under
Prince of Conde's General, newly honoured with the Order of the Garter: General Mar-
but this Treachery fruſtrated the Deligne.
fin.
Which being fo well known to Cromwel, and that other places, as Portſmouth,
Hall, and ſuch Maritime Fortreffes were treated for and reckoned into the bar-
gain; he fet afoot the like practiſes by his own Emiffaries and Trepans, viz.
upon Sir Henry Slingsby a Priſoner off and on ever fince Worcester-fight in Hull,
fome of the Officers whereof infinuating into his acquaintance, and caſting out
fome difguftful words againſt the Protector, and mixing fome overtures of their
good will to the King; withal intimating that if he could procure a Commiffion
from his Majefty for them, the Town was at his fervice. The old Loyal Sir Henry
Gentleman gladly embracing a proffer of ſuch concernment, made ufe of an old Slingsby de-
Commiffion he had by him; which being the length of their Line, theſe Officers coyed.
hooked him,and fent him up to the fame Condemnation a Priſoner in the Tower.
The Names of thefe Officers were Major Waterhouſe, Captain Overton, and one
Lieutenant Thompson.
larm'd with a
The chief Actors being thus fecured, Cromwel, to Collogue with the City,
fent for the Mayor and Aldermen, and communicated to them the Plot, naming
feveral perfons and particulars, many of which he accommodated to the dan-
ger of the City, and dreffed them for their horrour and refentment, telling
them that the danger was not over, though ſo happily forefeen; taking hereby
the advantage of having a new Militia choſen of the moſt deſperate Phanaticks,
and his party in London, &c. A general Train was foon after made in Finsbu
ry-fields, and Addreffes by the Officers, teftifying their refolutions to adhere to
the Protector, delivered in very expreſs and humouring Language. When he
had thus raiſed the expectation of the ftory, (though the chief in the buſineſs
underſtanding they were detected, and many of their affociates in Priſon, had
defifted from any further Attempt) on the 16 of May he doubled his Guards, The City A-
and fent an Alarm to the City, that that night the Royalifts had appointed for pretended Plot,
their rifing and firing the Town; and forthwith marched ſeveral Forces of Horſe May 16.
and Foot into the Liberties; the Drums of the Trained-bands likewiſe beat,
and all the 6 Regiments appeared preſently, and kept Guard that night, being
employed for the moſt part in feizing fome of thoſe Citizens afore-mentioned,
with divers others, as Mr. Southcot, Mr. Hern, and fome young men and Ap-
prentices whom his Drags had Trepan'd. Thefe made work for a High Court
of Justice, now founded and erected upon a Law of the late Parliament, the
Act for fecurity of his Highness's perſon; who reftrained the power thereby
given with this claufe, that they fhould Try none but fuch as fhould be named
to them by him or his Council; for it might be by the fame Sophiftry as the Par-
liament fought againſt the King for the prefervation of his Perfon, they might
try the ufurper for the fecurity of his Highness. Such a ftrange Judicature was
this High Court of Justice, that they that adviſed, framed, and ettabliſhed it, could
not tell how to binde or tye up the Maſtiff from tearing his Maſters Throat :
Nec Lex eft Juftior ulla, Quam necis artifices arte perire fua. Certain
ly
G g g 2
1
t
404
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
>
A High Court
of Justice.
The Tryal of
Sir Henry
Slingsby, and
Dr. John
Hewit.
Mr. John
Mordant try-
ed and acquit
ted.
ly haunted the minde of this Tormenter; moft of the Lords of the other
Houſe were Commiffioners herein, the Earl of Salisbury being named among
them.
Before thefe, Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewet were first brought, and Sir
Henry charged that he and one Gardiner (never heard of, but fuch another as
John Doe) did Traiteroufly Confpire againſt the Life and Dignity, &c. and
the faid Trepans brought as Evidence to prove it. He defended himſelf by alle-
gation that that which was faid by him was but in jeſt and diſcourſe, and that
the Action was altogether impoffible, he being but a fingle perfon. Dr. Hewit
would not acknowledge the Court, but pleaded feveral Cafes againſt it, and
was taken or furprized for a Mute. Had he pleaded, it is thought he might
have eſcaped; for Mallory (the main Witnels against him) was fled for the
prefent. Next, Mr. John Mordant was fet to the Bar, who argued his Cafe
fo warily and pliantly, after a Demurrer to the Court, taking Notes of the
to
Witneffes Evidence, that he alone of the three was quitted but by one Voice;
Colonel Pride (his undoubted Fate, troubled with the Stone, and being long
at Urine) withdrawing himſelf on that occafion, while in the mean time the
Court by one fuffrage agreed upon his acquittal; fo that he may well be faid
Evafiffe Calculis, it being the cuftom of the Court to give Sentence by plurality
or Voices. Mr. Mallory being retaken, together with Sir Humphry Bennet and
Mr. Woodcock, were charged next with the faid Defignes. Mallory pleaded
Guilty,and was refpited and faved. Sir Humphry Bennet's Caufe was not then de-
termined. Mr. Woodcock lo handfomely and bravely defended himſelf, that
they could not faften the Charge. In the mean while, on the 8 of June, Sir
Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewit were beheaded on Tower bill; Sir Henry fuffer-
ing very readily and with fubmiffion; the Doctor moſt devoutly and coura-
geouſly, with prayers for the King. The Tyrant not fatisfied with this, brought
in more, viz. Mr. Carent, (in whofe Ware-houfe Arms were found) and John
Summers, Edward Stacy, John Bettely, Edward Aſhton, Oliver Allen, and Fryar
to the fame Bar, where they were all but Mr. Carent Condemned, who escaped
by the noble refuſal of one Mr. Pits of the fame party (whofe Examination
they relyed upon) to give Evidence againſt his Friends, and choſe rather to
fuffer Impriſonment, and a Fine of 500l. to be laid on him, than to be branded
with the note of Treachery, how fairly foever to be excufed. Three of the
other, viz. Aſhton (as before, and at the time of his feizure, a Priſoner to
Newgate) and John Bettely, were Executed at Tower-street and Cheap-fide by
Hanging and Quartering, both protefting their Innocency: Bettely after he had
hung almoſt a quarter of an hour, pulled off his Cap with his Hands. Stacy
two days after was Hanged against the Exchange in Cornbil. None of them
but were worthy of far better ends; which made the Tyrant moft Execrably
Odious.
Sir Henry
Slingsby and:
Dr. Hewit Be-
beaded on
Tower-hill,
June 8.
Afhton Bet-
tely and Sta-
cy banged, &c.
Earl of War-
wick dieth.
The old Earl of Warwick ( preſently after the Efpoufals of his Grand-fon
young Mr. Rich, with Frances the youngeſt Daughter of the Protector) died
April 18. to whom, his late honorary fervices, and difhonourable Relations to
this Protector, were none of the leaft unhappineffes. At the end of May the
Lord Faulconbridge the other fon (for Fleetwood nor Claypole had either Man-
ners or Worth to be employed in the Complement) was fent away with a
great Train to Salute and Gratulate the French King, now at Calis, upon the
opening of the Campania, and was received very ſplendidly, in the mean while
that his Uncle Sir Henry Slingsby was adjudged to Death: and though he re-
turned on the fifth of June,three days before Execution, and did what he could
to fave him; yet all proved in vain: for fince Mr. Mordant and Mr. Woodcock
had escaped, there was no room for his life. Soon after, Monfieur, Mancini,Ma
zarine's Nephew, and the Duke of Crequi, came hither with the return of the
Complement, and were entertained highly at Brook-houſe and at Hampton-court,
with Feafting and Hunting, and prefently returned; and that I may have done
The Lady Clay with this wretched Family of Cromwel,the Lady Claypole died at Hampton-court.
Auguſt
pole dieth.
1658.
405
England, Scotland and Ireland.
August 6, of a diſeaſe in her Inwards; and being taken Frantick with the ftop-
ping of her Terms, raved much against the bloody cruelties of her Father,
and about the death of Dr. Hewit, for whom (to give her her due) 'tis faid
The interceded. She was brought by Water to the Painted-chamber, and in
State buried in Hen. 7th's Chappel; her Aunt Wilkins being chief Mourner,
c. The Earl of Mulgrave died coming up to London, August 21. and though Earl of Mul-
miſplaced, I muſt remember the great Whale 60 foot long, that came up as far grave dieth.
A greai ubale
as Greenwich, June the 2, to the wonder of all people, and the dangerous paltime at Greenwich.
and ſport of ſuch, who hunted him with Guns and other Weapons; thouſands
of people went down to fee it upon the Sand. Sir Thomas Widdrington was Sir Tho:Wid-
made Lord Chief-Baron, and the High Court of Justice Adjourned till Novem- drington made
Lord Chief-Ba-
ber. And ſo we pass to the Flandrian-Coaſt, to take an entire view of the
joynt Forces and actions in thoſe parts againſt the Spaniard and our Soveraign,
then concerned in that War.
70n.
liſh and French
A formidable Siege was framed before Dunkirk, by the joynt Forces of Eng- Dunkirk Be-
lith and French, which hotly Alarm'd the Spaniards in all their quarters: here- Sieged by Eng-
upon Don John of Auſtria takes theſe two things into ferious confideration: first, Forces.
the Importance of the place; for its Situation, it was a Key to Flanders, a
Frontier to France, (next after Graveling) and a certain fupply of Moneys,
by continual Booties brought in thither by his Men of War. On the other
fide, fhould he loſe Dunkirk, the Englith (in whofe poffeffion it would be put)
had a Door opened, and fit opportunity to bid fair for all Flanders: Here might
an Army be landed from England, and from hence incurfions ruade into the
heart of the Country. In the mean time, the Spaniſh Ports, Newport and Oftend,
could expect no less than to be perpetually infefted by Men of War, which
would utterly ſpoil their Trade, and ruine the Inhabitants. Thefe and fuch- Don John of
like confiderations, mounted Don John upon fixt refolutions to undertake the Auftria de-
Relief of Dunkirk, though it were to the hazard of his whole Army.
In the mean while, the Confederate Forces Beleaguering this ftrong place,
did in a ſmall time (working like Moles) run their Trenches to the Spaniſh
Counterfcarp; and ftill encroaching upon the Wall, they promiſed fair to a
fpeedy accompliſhment of their Defigne. Theſe things were well known to
the Spanish Army, who now faw the Relief of Dunkirk would admit of no
delay; for were it not ſpeedily accompliſhed, the Town of neceffity muſt lie
proftrate to the Enemies mercy. The better to effect which therefore, Don
John the Spanish General, having drained his Garrisons to fill up his Army,
fuddenly advanced with 15000 men to the relief of his diftreffed Friends;
theſe by a ſwift march through Fuernes, quickly feated themſelves upon ſome
fandy Hills, within an Englilh mile and a half of Turenne the French General's
Camp.
figues to relieve
Dunkirk.
The report of the Enemies neer advance, made both the French and Engliſh
Officers confult upon the best courfe that could be taken to repel the Force that
now fate upon their Skirts, and endeavoured to fruftrate their labours in the
prefent Siege, if no worfe fuccefs. Time for confultation being ſhort, ( for it
was on the over-night) they agreed unanimoufly to give the Spaniards the
next morning a warm Breakfaſt. All this night the Officers of both Nations
were very bufie to provide for the enfuing action; the Army being found fuffi-
cient to fight a Field-battle, and at the fame time to keep the Befieged from
ranging abroad. For this fervice moſt of the Engliſh were drawn from their
Entrenchment; and being joyned to the French Horfe, they, marched againſt
the Enemy. In the morning (both Armies being come near together) it was
perceived, the Spaniards polture was rather Defenfive than Offenfive; but the
English Commanders knowing it was no time to dally, and being defirous
withal to fhew the Diſcipline of their own Country, (which is to make ſeeing
and fighting all one) did preſently mount the Sand-hills, with a Forlorn of
300 Mufquetiers, Commanded by Captain Devaux after theſe followed the Dunkirk Bas
newly-made General Lockhart's Regiment, and others fucceffively. The Spa- tle.
niards
}
1
3
1
:
406
The Spanish
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III.
niards perceiving that the reſolution of theſe men was furiouſly to fall on at
But-end, as highly refolved to keep them off at the Arms-end, by pouring
down perpetually Volleys of Great and Small fhot.
General Lockhart (newly preferred to that Command, and Embaſſador ne-
vertheless to the French King) feeing the French unwilling to enter, now the
Engliſh had opened the gap; and on the other fide, ſeeing the gallantry of his
own Regiment, who although they could no longer gain ground, yet fill kept
their ſtation, notwithſtanding they were expoſed to the Enemies Affaults; cauſed
a confiderable Brigade of fresh men to reinforce thoſe that had first born the brunt
of the Battle. This Referve (through General Lockhart's care) coming in time to
the relief of their tired fellows, made no long delay,but fell into the Spaniſh Foot
with the But-ends of their Mufquets, who not being able to withſtand their
courage, left the Field, and fled towards Fuernes. The French Horſe ſeeing
Army routed, the good fuccefs of the English Foot, did likewife make a Charge upon the Spa-
nifh Cavalry, who being difheartned with the routing of their Infantry, thought
it their ſafeſt courfe to run after them. But the French fhewed excellent va-
lour in Purfuit: for the day being won, none durft ftand in their way; the poor
Spaniards were fadly handled by them, and hew'd down on all fides; and be-
ing extreamly ſcattered in their flight, both the Engliſh and French were put
to the trouble of gleaning for Prifoners; the cuftody and benefit of whom re-
dounded only to the French, the English being meerly Auxiliary in this Field,
and were to be recompenced by the Siege of Dunkirk, whither in Triumph they
returned, and poffe fled themſelves of their former Pofts.
The Duke of
York's Con-
duct and Va-
lour in this fer-
vice.
The Governour
Marqueß De
Lede killed.
Th₁ Dunkirkers
This Fight was managed chiefly on the Spaniſh fide, by the noble Duke of
Tork, (accompanied with his Brother the Duke of Gloucester) the Military
Renown of whoſe actions very early raiſed it ſelf in the French fervice, (as be-
fore) and was brighter far, and more eminent in the glories of this day, which
fuffering an envious Eclipſe, drew greater admiration upon him: he did not
only maintain the Fight till the irreſiſtible daring gallantry of the Honour-
fecking Red-coats made the Spaniard abandon his Punctilio's, and mend his re-
treating pace, but fuftained the impreffion upon the flight, and at leaft faved the
day. Colonel Blague, who Commanded the Kings Regiment there of Foot, did
very nobly likewife. Of that fide were flain 1000 and odd, and 1500 taken
Prifoners, with all the Artillery, Bag and Baggage, befides 800 Officers, (upon
which account the French refuſed Ranfome or Exchange, becauſe Don John
fhould be straightned for Commanders to his new Levies.) Ot the flain were
the Counts of Motene and Mille, the Sieurs of Coligni and Bonteville. On the
French fide were flain, the Marquefs of Biragne Captain of the Cardinal's Guard,
the Sieur Berbezet Lieutenant-Colonel to Turenne, with fome Captains; the
Marquess of Castelnau was mortally wounded through the Body, of which he
died during the fiege of Graveling (which was next befieged by the French
alone under La Ferte,where the Marquefs of Uxelles, the Counts of Varennes and
Moret were killed by one shot) the Marshals Staff of France being given him
for a Cordial upon his Death-bed. On the English fide were flain Lieutenant-
Colonel Fenwick in aſcending the Hill, who died of his Wounds; and one Co-
lonel Drummond a Scotch Voluntier: Capt. Jones, who Commanded the Horſe
in Hiſpaniola, did venturouſly and gallantly here; but was taken Prifoner, and
recovered again, and Knighted after by Cromwel. Some 200 Red-coats were
flain in the Battle: after which, the reſolute Governour of Dunkirk the Mar-
quefs De Lede (in a Salley he made ) was fhot with a Bullet by the Engliſh;
which Fate he owed more to his Honour than his Reaſon.
He being dead, a cold damp ſeized upon the Dunkirkers, who ſeeing what pro-
treat, June 22. digious Balls of fire were flung out of the Englith Morter-pieces into the Town,
were forely terrified thereby; and fo much the more, in regard of their not
being accustomed to fuch Engines, his Holiness the Pope having prohibited the
ufe of Granadoes amongft his Catholicks, to prevent burning of Churches.
Confidering therefore that the longer they flood out, the harder would be their
Terms;
1658.
407
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
Terms; and feeing all hope of Relief by Land was loft, the Sea ſecured againſt
them, and daily difcouragements arifing every way; therefore, to prevent fur-
ther inconveniences, the Spaniards offered Capitulation; which being eafily And Surrender-
granted, it was agreed that the Town ſhould be ſurrendered upon theſe fol- ed agon Arti-
lowing Articles.
1. That the Town should be yielded up with all the great Guns, their stores
of Victuals, Magazine of Arms and Ammunition, without any Imbezlement.
2. The Officers and Souldiers to march out with Drums beating, Colours flying, two
pieces of Ordnance, and their Baggage. 3. That they should have the liberty to
march with a Convoy to conduct them to St. Omers. 4. The Inhabitants to re-
main indemnified in their perfons, and to enjoy their former Cuſtomes and Priviled-
ges for two years, and not to be molested touching the Exercise of their Rc-
ligion.
cles.
Theſe Articles being ratified by the King of France, this ftrong Town of
Dunkirk was delivered up into the hands of the English, by the King of France The English pof-
and Cardinal in perfon, upon Tueſday June the 25, 1658. The Spaniards at fes Dunkirk.
the fame time quitting it. Here marched out 1000 Horfe and Foot, and 700
more (that had been Wounded in the Siege) followed after, as their ftrength
gave them leave. The English having poffeffion of the Town, found in it
140 Guns, all Brafs except eight, with Ammunition and Provifion fufficient to
niaintain it for a great while longer than it was kept.
Dunkirk thus poſſeſs'd by the Engliſh, the Inhabitants were fworn to Fealty
and Allegiance to the Protector, and a Regiment of Foot, and a Troop of
Horfe were commodated to the French under Marſhal Turenne, yet keeping
the Field, while La Ferte carried on the Siege at Graveling, and the Cardinal at
Dunkirk diverted himſelf with the delightful Wonder the Naseby, as he at his
treatment on board the fame by General Montague expreffed himfelf..
The Fortune of this ufurper, by its conftancy and confluence of fuccefs in
fo many defperate hazards and adventures, in which his ambition had
enga-
ged him, made the Nation give him over for impatible, and as. one exempted
from thofe Conditions to which other Mortals were obliged, and with a fetled
Terrour to expect the Extremity of all miſchief, and that it would come at
laft to that Calamity and Tragical Slavery, of delivering our Children and Po-
fterity Tributaries and Vaffals to the Luft and Dominion of his new-found Fa-
mily. Nothing was more certainly concluded on, than this, that before we
fhould arrive at our Liberty, and our Fundamental Rights and Laws, we were
to paſs through another Red-fea, and its like coloured Element of Fire. Such
his untractable obftinacy and fixed refolution of uncontroulable Empire or
vaft Ruine, that Nero's Jambick would better and more amply have fitted
Oliver.
Εμε πανόντα γαῖα μιχθήτω πυρί
Blend Fire and Earth together when I die.
Nor had ever any that confidence in any prefages or Fortuning-accidents, as
to ſuppoſe them of any manner of concernment or portent to him? no,
though the loud voice of Heaven had Proclaimed it in a moft mighty and ter-
rible Wind for as to that of the Whale, and the approaches of Death to him, in
his Family by the deceaſe of Mrs. Claypole; it was thought a foolish curiofity
and a wrefting of Providence, (fo much his Friend and familiar Favourite)
to apply their Prognofticks to his departure; and I may fafely fay, that had it
been Treafon to Imagine the Death of this Protector, very few but his Doctors
would have been guilty of it; and one reaſon was, the verdure of his Lawrel and
yet-flourishing Triumphs, whofe blooming Glories computed him very young
and vigorous, (for Fortune is feldom feen a friend to Old Age) which his
crim
408
Part Ill
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
{
»
trim and dreſs did help to perfonate. In fhort, his own Domeſticks and thoſe
beft acquainted with him, nay even himself, were presumptuously confirmed a-
gainst any thoughts of his death, in the very deſperation of his life, as will
prefently appear.
For it pleafed Heaven, that had given us ſo many bitter Cups to drink, now
to throw away the dregs of them in the Carcafs of this ufurper, and empty
this Veffel of his Wrath, which was as the 7th Vial, jufily taking the forfeiture
of all his Trophies and Victories, by his fuirender on the appointed fignal day
Cromwel dies of the 3d of September, that he might not die in debt to the exhaufted credit
Sep. 3. of Prodigal Succefs. And who knows but he might deceaſe on that his Ru-
brick day, which he annually celebrated with a Thankſgiving, to give the Na-
tion a molt juft and folemn cauſe of gratitude? not to be fo uncharitable as to
ſay, that he deſcended with the train and tincture of that days flaughter, as
the further commaculation of his unrepented Parricide.
Cromwel
bis death.
He was taken fick at Hampton-court, having not been well in Minde fome-
time before (troubled with the laft frantick words of his beloved Daughter
Claypole, who threatned Judgement like another mad Caſſandra, and with the
infinuations and encroachments of the Republicans party into the Army; nor
were fome of his Relations taint-free of thoſe principles, but were winding
towards them.) The Difeafe was a battard Tertian, which appeared not at
first of any danger; but after a weeks time it began to fhew very defperate
Symptoms; wherefore he was removed to White-ball, where his Chaplains, and
others of that pious Family, kept private meetings and Faftings for his recove-
ry; of which they were fo vainly confident (as before) that they obtruded
their unſeaſonable thanks to God for the certainty of it, and with the fame
unſeaſonable flattery and pickthank with the Protector, deluded him into the
like perſwaſion, ſo that he told his Phyficians, He should not die this bout; but
the Fits proving worſe and worſe, and cauſing him to talk Idlely, and to faint
fenfeleß before often, they in Council concluded, he could fcarce furvive another Paroxyfm:
at which the Privy-Council being aftoniſh'd, they immediately repaired to him
about his fetling a Succeffor, whom by the Petition he was to declare in his
Life-time; but he was then ſcarce himſelf; which they perceiving, interroga-
ted him, if he appointed not his Son Richard? whereunto he answered in the
Affirmative. It was thought that he had defigned Fleetwood in his ultimate
thoughts; but the diſtraction of the choice betwixt his Son and Son-in-law,
had made him leave it undetermined: ( a private Will relating to his Family he
made at his firſt fickning at Hampton-court. ) Continuing in this condition, he
died on Friday the 3d of September, at three of the clock in the afternoon,
though divers rumours were fpread, that he was carried away in the Tempelt
the day before. His Body being opened and Embalmed, his Milt was found
full of Corruption and Filth; which was fo ftrong and ftinking, that after the
Corps were Embalmed and filled with Aromatick Odours, and wrapt in Cere-
cloath fix double, in an inner-fheet of Lead, and a ftrong Wooden-coffin; yet
the Filth broke through them all, and raiſed fuch a noyiome ftink, that they
were forced to bury him out of hand but his Name and Memory (tinks
worſe.
His Character.
As to his Character, little can be added more, than what hath been ſaidin
the progress of this Chronicle: This various fhifting Polititian, best fhewing
himtelt in his Contaction, nearness and prefent relation to the feveral Changes,
and diverfities of Affairs, Counfels, and Governments he paffed; as the Cha-
melion appears in that colour that is next to it, and cannot otherwife be defcribed.
He was alter Ego, or with the Comedian, he might have given this devife, Ego-
met ipfe non fum Ego; and certainly the firft of his def gnes were Enchufiafted,
and he acted beyond himſelf, as prevailing in many things beyond the power
of Reaton or Strength, and indeed all imagination; fuch was the fubverfion
of the Government, a thing not to be thought poffible to be projected by one
of fuch (every way) Infufficiencies. He was as feat a Prief as a Prince,
yet
!
1658.
4.09
England, Scotland and Ireland.
yet acted them both very well, according to the humour of the times, which
are the Standard of Government. Sometimes Alloy is as current as pure Metal,
and he could never have Princed it, but through the diftempers and mifrules that
raigned before him; and his Preaching was none of the unferviceableft Fun-
ctions to the preceding Anarchy and his own ufurpation: which made him ne-
ver quit it to the laft. The Turkish Emperours have always a Trade; and
Oliver's was this Knack, with which he was ſo much in love, that when in the
Humble Petition there was inferted an Article against publick Preachers being
Members of Parliament, he excepted against it difertly and exprefly, Because he
(he faid) was one, and divers Officers of the Army, by whom much good had been
done, and those things brought about; and therefore defired they would explain
the ſaid Article. But I am engaged far beyond my bounds. He was, in fum,
fit to have made a Prince of Tartars, or fome other Cannibal Barbarous and
Perfidious people; or had he been a Hun or a Vandal, we ſhould have read
him big and. Famous in Hiftory. His Court-friends did fo far extol him, that
after his Death Sterry, one of his Sycophant Chaplains, was heard to preach,
That he was certain, that that bleſſed Perfon (meaning Cromwel) was now fit-
ting at the Kight Hand of God making Interceſſion, &c. which was more than
any meer Humane Glory could reach unto: and his Funerals were let out to
fuch a pomp and oftentation, to vouch that value which by fuch people was
fet upon him.
Here ſhould have been inferted the Honour he arrogated to himſelf by be-
ftowing of Dignities: but there being but one Viſcount feigned by him, and he
the right Noble now Earl of Carlisle, and fome Baronets and Knights that are
weary of their Titles; I will not further weary the Reader.
Qio dio
LEPLAY e
I
* de che de de de de de de de de af de de
RICHARDS
SHORT
Ufurpation.
HE Protectorian Government, like a Hybrida or Mungril
Montter begot of two different Species, the Army the Sire,
and the Commonwealth the Dam, could not be imagined in
Reaſon propagable, however Fortune, that ſports her felf
in ſtrange productions, prevailed againſt the courfe of Nature
in her Political principles, for this one Experiment or Curi-
ofity, meerly to demonftrate the power of her proud and
moſt ſcornful inconftancy. This miferable Perſon (as far as he could make
him fuch) Richard the Son, and Succeffor of Oliver, being meerly fet up as
the But and Object of all her difgraceful and contemptuous injuries, with
which the Implacably exercifed the depofed Eftate of this Impotent Ufur-
per.
The Vulture died, and out of his Aſhes rofe a Titmoufe, who with the Frog
in the Fable, being (wollen up with the flatteries and fond advice of his Coun- Richard's Ada
fellors, durft vie his greatneſs with the Regal right, till the tumid Bubble burst vice and Coura
and vaniſh'd into nothing.. His great encouragers to his affuming the Title, Jellors,
Hhh
were
419
Part III:
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Richard Pro-
claimed,
and Swort.
were Fleetwood himself, Desborough his Uncle, Sydenham, the two Jones's, and
Thurloe, who with other of the Council, (fome of whom from this time pro-
vid.d themſelves of a furer intereft in the Crown) upon notice of the death
of his Father, immediately in a body attended him in his Lodgings, and decla-
red to him his Fathers appointment of him for his Succeffor, which they did
inoft obediently acknowledge to him, as their Rightful and moft Indubitable
Prince and Governour; and the next morning, being Saturday, Proclaimed
him in great State, (the faid Lords, and most of the Superior Army-Officers
attending the folemnity) at the ufual places in London; the tenour of which
was, That whereas it had pleafed God by his providence to take away the moſt Se-
rene and most Illustrious Oliver Lord-Protector, who according to the Petition and
Advice, in his life-time had declared the most Noble and Illuftrious, his Son the
Lord Richard Cromwel to be his Succeffor: the Council, the Lord Mayor, the Of-
ficers of the Army therefore do heartily and unanimously acknowledge the faid Lord
Richard as rightful Frotector and Chief Magiftrate, and do require all persons to
yield obedience; befeeching God, by whom Princes Raign, to bleß him with long
life, and the Nations under him with peace and happineß.
This being over, the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, according
to Order from the Council, that Saturday in the afternoon came down to
White hall, and Condoled and Congratulated Richard at once; and in their fight
Fiennes the Lord-Commiffioner gave him his Oath, which was fufficient inau-
guration to the Protectorate, according to the faid Humble Petition; and Mr.
Manton the peculiar Chaplain to this Dignity, as Prelate of the Protectorship,
faid Prayers,and Bleſſed him, his Council, Armies, and People: and fo the Scene
ended.
•
Notice was alſo given by Sir Oliver Fleming to all Forrain Miniſters and Em-
baffadors of the Deceafe of the Father, and the ſetting up of the Son; who
all came and Condoled, and then Congratulated him in very ample manner,
eſpecially the French, though the Cardinal then at Paris, immediately upon the
news that Cromwel was Dead, haftened to our Queen Mother, and congratula-
ted her in a fincerer and more effectual manner, telling her, that the grand Ene-
my of her and her Family was now removed, and that moft certainly and in-
wel's death. fallibly the Reftauration of the King our Soveraign was at hand; as indeed it
was concluded, and I will add, refolved on here by all his Friends, and fome of
his former Enemies and from this very time the ground-work of his Reftau-
ration was moſt artfully layed.
French Cardi-
nal joys the
Queen-Mother
with Crom-
Addrefes to
Richard full
of Blasphemous
expreffions of
Oliver.
But theſe Aiery Complements were nothing comparable to the Domeſtick
Addreffes which flew in flocks from all parts of the three Nations to White-
ball, to falute and magnifie his affumption to the Soveraignty: he was celebra-
ted there for the excellence of his Wifdom and noblenefs of Minde; even in
fome, for the lovely compofition of his Body, as if he had been another Titus,
Delicia Gentis & Dominii Britannici. Nay fome drops of this Court Holy-water
ftilled upon his Wife, his Father-in-law and Relations: his dead Father was
ftiled and compared to Mefes, to Zerubbabel, to Joſhua, to Gideon, to Elijah,
to the Chariots and Horfmen of Ifrael, to David, to Solomon, to Hezekiah, to
Conftantine, to all that was either good or great in Holy or Humane writ; and
in moit, their parallels were nearer to Blafphemy than any of his qualities: he
was lamented as the Father of his Country, ( but 'twas in that fence no doubt
in which he was careffed by that Book of Killing no Murther; for as long as
he lived the people ſhould never enjoy their inheritance:) the reſtorer of plea-
fant Paths to dwell in; of whom we were not worthy, and what not? every
one ſtriving to exceed the other in this monftrous and moſt abſurd vanity; of
which the Independent Churches were alſo moſt foully guilty, their Addreffes
being drawn by their Metropolitans, Goodwyn and Nye. Thefe were ordered
here first, and Inftructions fent down where any of the Council had intereft,
to get the ableft Pens they could to indite and difcant upon this folemn occafion.
But the Army for powerful words and number outdid all the other; not a
fneaking
1
1658.
411
England, Scotland and Ireland.
fneaking Garriſon but hired a Scribe to write their minde to their young Ma-
fter Richard.
Thefe Flies tainted the contented and private minde of the unhappy man, who
having Maried one Major's Daughter of Southampton, with whom he had a very
compétent Fortune, aimed at no great things, till the Grandeurs done to him
had infinuated Pride, and that inveagled his judgement to a perfiftency upon the
ticklish point of the Supreme Power. He was learned and inftructed now to
keep State; and for the Government,his Council would take care: from whom,
in his name, came firft out a Proclamation, continuing all Officers and Juſtices
of the Peace in the life of his dear Father, of moſt renowned and bleſſed Me-
mory, as the ſtile run; whoſe Funerals were under conſultation, to be made and
folemnized futable to the Glory and greatneſs in which he had left this his Suc-
ceffor.
No lefs therefore than 60 thouſand pounds was allotted to defray the ex- 60000l. allot
pence thereof; more by one half than was ever ufed to any King or Queen of ted for the Ex-
England: Some faid it was adviſed by none of his Friends, the defigne being Pene
thereby to bring him into debt, and fo ruine him, which in effect it did, and
thoſe that truſted him with Blacks and other Funeral-Accommodation; efpe-
cially one Walton a Draper, who in his failure ſpoiled feveral Clothiers, whoſe
Goods he had upon his Credit, notwithſtanding that Colonel (after Lord)
Pride was lately become his Father-in-law, and he himself morcover of Kin to
the Protector. The Funeral (becauſe of the great concourſe it drew of fpe-
ctators) is here fully defcribed, it being one of the chiefeft remarques of this
ſhort-lived Government, whofe Exequies foon after followed.
The Corps (prefently after his expiration ) being buried by reafon of the Cromwel's
french thereof, a Coffin was on the 26 of September, about ten at night, 'private- Funeral.
ly removed from White-ball in a Mourning-herſe, attended by his Domeſtick
Servants, to Somerfet-houſe, where it remained in private for fome days, till
all things were in readiness for publick view, which being accompliſhed, his
Effigies was with great ſtate and magnificence expofed openly, multitudes daily
flocking to ſee the fight, which appeared in this order.
The firſt Room where the Spectators entered, was wholly hung with Black;
at the upper-end whereof, was placed a Cloth and Chair of State. In the like
manner was the ſecond and third, all having Scutcheons very thick upon the
Walls, and Guards of Partizans placed in each Room for people to pass through.
The fourth Room was compleatly hung with Black-velvet, the Cieling being
of the fame; here lay the Effigies, with a large Canopy of Black-Velvet Frin-
ged, which hung over it. The Waxen-Picture lying upon its Back, was Ap-
parrell'd in a rich Suit of Velvet, robed in a little Robe of Purple-Velvet, laced
with a rich Gold-lace, Furr'd with Ermins: upon the Kirtle was a large Robe
of Purple-Velvet, laced and furr'd as the former, with rich Strings and Taffels
of Gold. The Kirtle was girt with a rich embroidered Belt, wherein was a
Sword bravely guilt and hatched with Gold, which hung by the fide of this
Fine thing. In the Right hand was a Scepter, in the Lett a Globe: upon his
Head was placed a Purple-Velvet-Cap furr'd with Ermins futable to the Robes.
Behinde the Head was placed a rich Chair of Tiffued Gold, whereon was
placed an Imperial Crown, which lay high, that the people might behold it.
The Bed of State whereon he lay, was covered with a large Pall of Black-Vel-
vet, under which was a Holland-fheet born up by fix Stools covered with
Cloath of Gold. About the Bed was placed a compleat fuit of Arms, and at
the Feet of the Effigies ftood his Creft. This Bed had fix'd about it an afcent
of two fteps; a little from thence ftood eight filver Candleſticks about five
foot high, with white Wax-tapers ftanding in them, of three foot long. Alt
theſe things were environed with Rails and Ballafters four-ſquare, covered with
Velvet; at each corner whereof there was erected an upright Pillar, which bore
on their tops Lions and Dragons, who held in their Paws Streamers Crowned.
On both fides of the Bed were fet up in Sockets four great Standards of the
Protector's
Hhh 2
412
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
!
Part III.
Protector's Arms, with Banners and Banrols in War, painted upon Taffaty.
About the Bed ftood men in Mourning bare-headed; and without the Rails,
others to receive people in and turn them out again.
When this Show had been feen for many weeks together, the Scene was then
altered; the Effigies being removed into another Room, it was there fet up,
ftanding upon an Afcent under a Cloath of State, being vefted as it was before,
lying onely now his Purple-Velvet was changed for a Crown. In the fame
manner (as formerly) were men waiting upon him bare-headed. In this
manner he continued until the 23 of November, which day was appointed to
carry him with all folemnity to Westminster-abbey.
This great Funeral was performed with very great Majefty, in this manner
following. All things being in readiness, the Waxen Picture of the Prote-
ctor (with a Crown on his Head, a Sword by his Side, a Globe and Scepter in
his Hands) was taken down from his ſtanding, and laid in an open Chariot,
covered all over with Black-Velvet, adorned with Plumes and Scutcheons, and
drawn by fix horfes in Black-Velvet. The Streets from Somerfet houfe to
Westminster-abbey, were guarded by Souldiers in new Red coats and Black-but-
tons, with their Enfignes wrapt in Cypres; which made a lane to keep off Spe-
&tators from crowding the Actors.
The Proceffion.
In the first place went a Marfhal attended by his Deputy, and 13 more on
Horſe-back to clear the way; after him followed the Poor of Westminster by
two and two in Mourning Gowns and Hoods; next to them, the Servants of
thoſe perſons of Quality that attended the Funeral. Thefe were followed by
the Protector's late Domeftick Servants, and his Barge-men and Water-men.
Then came the Servants of the Lord-Mayor and Sheriffs of London. Follow-
ing them, were Gentlemen Attendants on Forrain Embaſſadors and publick
Minifters. After marched the poor Knights of Windſor in Gowns and Hoods:
then the Clerks, Secretaries, and Officers of the Army, Admiralty, Treafury,
Navy, and Exchequer : Next, the Commiffioners of the Excife, of the Army,
and Committee of the Navy. Then the Commiffioners for approbation of
Preachers behinde thefe followed all the Officers, Meffengers, and Clerks be-
longing to the Privy-Council, and both Houfes of Parliament. Next in or-
der followed his Phyfitians, the head-Officers of the Army, the Officers and Al-
dermen of London. The Mafters of Chancery, and his Highness's Council at
Law. The Judges of Admiralty, Judges of both Benches, and Lord Mayor
of London. The perfons Allied in Blood to the Protector, and the Members
of the other Houſe. The publick Minifters of Forrain Princes. The Holland-
Embaſſador alone, having his Train held up by four Gentlemen. Then the
Portugal Embaffador, and the French Embaffador, in the like manner. The
Commiffioners of the Great Seal. The Commiffioners of the Treafury. The Mem-
bers of his Privy-Council. All the Grandees in clofe Mourning, (but it was once
adviſed other ways, for fear of a furprize in the Streets) the reſt but in ordinary.
The whole Affembly paffing along in divifions, were diftinguiſhed by Drums,
Trumpets, Banners, and Horſes, whereof there were eleven in all, four being
covered with Black-Cloath, and ſeven in Velvet. Thefe paffing in fine order,
at length came the Chariot with the Effigies, on each fide of which were fix
Banner-Rolls, ( twelve in all ) born by ſeveral perfons; and likewiſe ſeveral
pieces of the Protector's Arms carried by eight Officers of the Army, attended
by the Heralds. Next went Garter principal King of Arms, attended by a
Gentleman on each hand bare-headed. Next came the chief Mourner. And
to conclude all, came the Horfe of Honour, in very rich Trappings embroidered
on Crimſon-Velvet, and adorned with White, Red, and Yellow plumes of Fea-
thers, being led by the Mafter of the Horfe. The Rear of this brave Show was
brought up by the Protector's Guard of Halberdiers, the Warders of the Tower,
and a Troop of Horſe.
The
"}
·A
1658.
413
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The Effigies in this manner being brought to the Weft-gate of the Abbey-
Church of Westminster, it was taken from the Chariot by ten Gentlemen, who
carried it to the Eaft-end of the Church, and there plied the Picture in a moſt
magnificent Structure, built in the fame form as one before had been ( on the
like occafion) for King James, but much more ftately.
There had been a Convention or Synod of the Independent Minifters refol- Independent Sy-
ved upon, and called by Oliver in his Life-time, to make out a Declaration and nod at the Sa-
Confeffion of their Faith, and to make a kinde of Canon or Syſtem of their voy,
Tenets and Doctrine; he of all Religions most favouring this: for by their
means he began and carried on his Defignes. (Sometimes he would offer to
make an Agreement and reconcile and unite the Presbyters and them; but when
any fuch thing came in agitation, he would be fure to divide them further than
ever.) This Synod or Affembly met now at the Savoy, and Prince Richard
had the honour to have his Reign ennobled with a difcovery of what Indepen-
*dency was, and its confiftency, which the World never heard of before, nor
was it the wifer or better fatisfied now it was fully informed.
There was a-
nother as notable a paffage, and as memorable: Richard ftill followed his old
Game of Hawking, and being one day with his Horſe-guard engaged in a flight, Richard out-
the eagerness of the fport carried him out of their fight; and his Horfe Floun- runs his guards,
dring or Leaping fhort, threw him into a Ditch, where by the help of a Coun- and endanger-
ed at hawking.
try-man he was taken out and preferved: he had carried himfelf very quietly
thitherto to all about him; this diſaſter and accident made him
this diſaſter and accident made him angry, and to
charge them roughly with this neglect, telling them, he expected more fervice
and refpect, and would have it from them. He began alſo to be weary of his
Old Cavalier-Friends, and to require their abſence from his Court, where now
the Army beginning to fwerve from their loving Addreffes, the Republicans
and Lambert fecretly tampering with them, and undermining their Fidelity
and Zeal to Oliver's houſe, (as it was timely enough difcovered) a refolution
was taken to call a Parliament to meet the 27 of January next, and (by pre- Richard's
tence of reftoring the people to their antient way of Elections, but really) that Parliament
the Court might command the more Votes, the Burroughs had Writs alfo meet, Jan. 278
fent to them, and the Elections were all made in the ancient way; onely thirty
Members were called by Writs from Scotland, and as many from Ireland,
according to the late Combination of the three Nations into one Common-
wealth.
This new kinde of Parliament being met at the time and place appointed,
(having heard a Sermon of courfe at Westminster Abbey, the young Protector
alfo in State coming to the other Houfe, and making a Speech, which was fecon-
ded by Fiennes, who began with a grofs ridiculous flattery (though defigned }
What can a man fay after the King? a quotation borrowed from the Proverbs)
God had fo well ordered the Elections, notwithſtanding the practices of men,
that their Engliſh ſpirit quickly appeared both againft Impofitions from Court and
Army. And though their Counfels were at firit interrupted with an Act of
Recognition of the Protector, prepared and brought in by the Court, which took
up the firft fortnight of their time upon the very point of Recognitions yet they
were at length extricated from that difficulty by the Expedient of an honeft
Gentleman, in paffing thefe Votes on Munday the 14 of February 1658. without
any divifion or Negative.
Refolved, That it be part of this Bill to Recognize and declare his Highneß
Richard Lord Protector, and Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging.
And 2. That before this Bill be committed, the Houſe do declare fuch additional
claufes to be part of this Bill, as may bound the power of the Chief Magistrate, and
fully fecure the Rights and Priviledges of Parliament, and the Liberties and Rights
of the people: And that neither this, nor any other previous Vote that is or ſhall be
paffed in order to this Bill, fhall be of force, or binding to the people, until the whole
Bill paffed.
Their
+
1
}
414
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Their next work was to appoint a Committee for inſpection into the Ac-
counts and Revenue of the Commonwealth, which had been lamentably fquan-
dered and waſted ever ince 1648. and twelve Members verfed in matters of
account, whereof Mr. Scowen was in the Chair, were felected for this work,
and fully impowered for the work they had in hand, in order to the retren-
ching and leffening the charge of the Commonwealth.
On Saturday the 19 of February, they proceeded in the Act of Recognition,
and refolved, That it fhall be part of this Bill to declare the Parliament to
confift of two Houſes.
An Expedient
And had afterwards ſeveral days debate by order, concerning the bounding
in Recognizing of the Chief Magistrate's power, and the Bounds and powers of another Houſe,
Richard, in relation to the former Votes; but could come to no refolution thereupon;
the Court-party ftickling hard for the Powers given them by the Petition and
Advice, and the honeft Patriots of the Houſe (whoſe weighty Reaſons then
convinced the Commonwealth-party to go along with them) denying it to be
a Law, being obtained by force and Exclufion of above a hundred Members
in the year 1656. by which force alſo the Purſe was taken from the Commons,
by fetling a Revenue of 1300000l. a year, in perpetuity of the Command of
the Single perſon, and the ruling Members of the other Houſe being moſt
of them Officers of the Army and Courtiers; which being allowed for Law,
the people would have been abfolute Slaves to their power, the Furfe being
ftolen from the Commons as aforefaid.
Whileft the Temper of the Houfe was thus tried, and they appeared fuffici-
ently to be Engliſh men, divers of the Members of Scotland and Ireland joy-
ning with them in the ſame reſolutions. By the joynt advice of the Court and
Army-party, the queſtion of Tranfacting with the perfons fitting in the O-
ther Houſe, as an Houfe of Parliament, was fet before them, upon pretended
grounds of Law and Neceffity, and by Arguments of Force and Interpofition
from the Army, and of impoffibility to proceed in any thing without the faid
Other Houſe. This attempt was as ftoutly oppofed for fourteen days by the
moderate honeſt Patriots of the Houſe, as the former; the undoubted right
*
the antient Peers afferted, and all the ſaid grounds and Arguments confuted,
except that of Force; which was not to take place with any thing like a Free-
Parliament of English men. But in the cloſe of the fourteen days debate,
wherein much of the Honefty, Ingenuity, and Courage of the Engliſh Nation
did appear, (ſeeing all Affairs at a ftand till fomething were refolved in this
point) they came in a very full Houſe to this well-qualified Refolution:
Refolved, That this House will tranfact with the perfons now fitting in the
Houfe not Ex- Other Houſe, as an House of Parliament, during this prefent Parliament: And that
cluding the an- it is not hereby intended to Exclude Juch Peers as have been faithful to the
Parliament from their priviledge of being duly fummoned to be Members of that
Houſe.
and the other
cient Peers.
The Houſe of Commons (between the Protector, the Other Houſe, and the
General Council of Officers now fummoned to meet at Wallingford-houſe)
may well be conceived at this time to have had a Wolf by the Ears, and (ha-
ving fhewed themſelves English-men and not Slaves) had reaſon to entertain
wary Counfels, having fome of their own Members undermining them with-
out doors; and foreſeeing a Diffolution, though not knowing whether they
ſhould die a Violent or Natural death, or have a mixt kinde of Diſeaſe, as it fell
out afterwards. And therefore they refolved not to own them in the Other
Houſe as Lords, but called them, The perfons now fitting in the Other Houſe of
Parliament; neither would they treat and confer with them in the ufual way,
as with the Houſe of Peers, and therefore found out the new word of Tranf
acting; and not intending to have to do with them, but for a tryal, they limi-
ted the time to be during this preſent Parliament, which they forefaw would
not be long and to Muzzle the new inconfiderable Upftarts fufficiently, (if
they thould take too much upon them) they afferted the priviledge of the
antient
[
券
​1658.
415
England, Scotland and Ireland.
i
7
ancient Peers as a good reſerve, if the Parliament fhould by the Protector and
Army be fuffered upon fecond thoughts to fit longer than was first intended.
And refolved allo, That they would receive no Meffage from those perfons fitting
in the Other House, but by fome of their own number.
Parliament.
The House of Commons by this time had alfo by a Saving Vote concerning
the Fleet, afferted their interefs in the Militia, and had under confideration an
Act for taking away all Laws, Statutes, and Ordinances concerning the Excife
and new Impoft, and concerning Cultomes, Tunnage and Poundag, after three
years. And had vindicated the peoples Liberties, by ſetting Major-General
Overton and Mr. Portman, and divers others (illegally committed by the late
Protector) at Liberty without paying Fees, and declaring their Impriſonment
and Detention illegal and unjuſt; and had their Lord-Jaylor Berkſtead, and o-
thers at their Bar under queſtion for the fame (who was alfo Arrelied upon the
Exchange in London,at the Suit of the faid Overton, for talfe Impriſonment.) And The notable pro-
had alſo a high refentment of the illegal fending Free-born Engliſh-men againft ceedings of the
their wills to the Barbadoes, and Forrain Plantations, and to the Miles of
Guernsey and Ferfey, out of the reach of the Writ of Habeas Corpus; and had
appointed a firict Bill to be prepared for remedy thereof. And had Examined
and diſcovered many other Grievances brought upon the people by the Officers
and Farmers of the Excife, and others; and by Major-Generals, amongſt which
Butler was for his infolent actings and high affronts to the Law and Courts of
Jultice, put out of the Commiffion of the Peace, and a Committee appointed to
draw up an Impeachment against him. The Committee alfo for Infpection (be-
fore-mentioned) had brought in and reported to the Houſe the ftate of the
publick Accounts, and of the Martial and Civil Liſts in the three Nations, by
which it did appear, That the yearly Incomes of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
came to Eighteen hundred fixty eight thouſand ſeven hundred and feventeen pounds: The Revenue
And the yearly Expences to Two Millions two hundred and one thousand five and charges of
bundred and forty pounds: So that Three hundred thirty two thousand eight hun- the Kingdom.
dred twenty three pounds of Debt incurred yearly by the ill management of
double the Revenue that ever King of England enjoyed. And to maintain the
unjuft Conquest of Scotland, cost us yearly One hundred fixty three thousand fix
hundred and nineteen pounds more than the Revenue it yielded.
Many other particulars were under their confideration, as to the Religion
and Civil Rights of the people, too long now to be mentioned: but in ſhort,
to give them their due, they did fome good whileft they fate, both to the pub-
lick and particulars, and intended much more; and did no hurt, gave no Offices
nor Gratuities to themſelves out of the publick Treaſure, nor granted any mo-
ney from the people; which is more than can be faid of any Parliament in our
memory.
Proceeding thus fuccefsfully and hopefully to the general fatisfaction of the
people in the three Nations who choſe them, the Protector and chief Officers of
the Army,who were jealous of one another before,and Competitors for Govern-
ment, grew now jealous of the Houle of Commons alfo, who being the Repre-
fentatives of the people, were become alfo their Minions and Favourites. It
was therefore now thought feaſonable to contend among themſelves for the
power, before the people thould recover it from them both. In order to which, The Army and
the General Council of Officers kept their conftant Meetings at Wallingford Protector jar,
houſe, and the Protector with his party countermined them at White-ball.
but we muſt interrupt the thred of this ftory, to intromit the year 1659. which
began with the Voyage into the Sounds
Anno
416
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
*
}
1
T
Anno Dom. 1659.
He former refpects and mutual defignes betwixt the King of Sweden and
Cromwel, which had been promoted fo far as to a Treaty concerning pla-
ces of caution for our Engagement and Expence in the Daniſh War, ( Elfenore-
Cafile newly taken by the Swede, Gottenburgh in his own Province being de-
manded,and Glucktad and another place offered in lieu thereof) though without
any conclufion by the Death of Cromwel, obliged his fon Richard and the Coun-
cil, upon the requeft of the Swede, to fend a Fleet into the Baltick-fea; and in
the mean time Sea Officers and Seamen were taken into his Service (who fet
to Sea in December before, but by ftormy and cold weather were forced back
again, divers of them by the hardship of the Voyage dying at their return)
under the Command of Sir George Ayfcue, who was upon his arrival to be
Commiffioned High-Admiral of Sweden, to mate the Dutch, who then openly
fided with the Dane, and had a Fleet of War ranging thereabouts. The Par-
liament likewife, to fecure the Commerce and Trade of thofe parts, conde-
fcended to the Expedition, with the Conditions and Limitations forefaid. At
the end of March General Montague was Commiſſioned by Richard, with a
Fleet of 40 fail of the beft fhips, and manned accordingly; who in ten days
Gen. Monta- time from Tarmouth arrived at the Scam, and ſo to Elfenore, where the King of
Sweden was, before the Dutch Vice-Admiral de Ruyter, who was coming with.
another Fleet out of Holland to re-inforce his Admiral Opdam, then at Copen
bagen. The General here met with Inftructions from his Majefty, to whoſe
Cauſe he had upon the difpofition of affairs betwixt the Army and Protector
devoted himself; and inftead of aiding the Swede, ftood more than neutral up-
on the Danes fide, having received the like civilities from that King, to the
murmur of the Swedes; and feveral intercourſes of intelligence and friendſhip,
and other intrigues betwixt the Dutch Admiral and hinfelf frequently paffed.
But to return to the Parliament.
gue with a
Fleet to the
Sound, Mar.
30.
The Armies
to Richard.
A
Now the Game began; out came a Remonftrance from the Army to Richard,
fetting forth in what danger the Good Old Caufe was, (by which term it was
cognized ever after :) That the afferters of it were every where Vilified, the great
Remonstrance Patriots and Patrons of it (the Judges of the King) put into Printed Lifts,
and marked for deſtruction, with the ruine of all the Godly and the Cauſe together :
the Army was purposely kept from Pay that they might Mutiny; and therefore defired
be would fignifie as much to the Parliament, for fome speedy redreß. And in the mean
while, the Souldiers that kept Guard made bold with his Victuals, and would
ftop it from his Table. This Remonftrance was Lambert's and the Republi-
cans project, who never left haunting of Fleetwood's houte upon pious and Re-
ligious pretences, foothing him with the complements of his Gifts and Graces,
and what happinefs it were for the Nation if the Government were laid upon
his Shoulders, as no doubt (they urged) it was intended by his Father-in-
law. In the heat of this bufinefs died Mr. Chaloner Chute, on the 15 of April,
their Speaker; a man fit in every reſpect for the Chair, and of a judgement
and refolution as croſs to the fway of the Times, which he was deſigned in
Mr. Chaloner this place to oppoſe.
The Speaker
Chute dieth.
In purſuance of this Remonftrance, Alderman Titchborne, being fet at work
by the fame hands that moulded Fleetwood, engaged Oliver's Militia- Officers of
the laſt Eſtabliſhment to make an Addrefs to Fleetwood and the Army, whom
they promiſed to ſtand by, in their defence of the fame Good Old Caufe; ſo that
being now back'd with thefe feconds of the City, they refolved on the project
of Ruining the Protector (though when too late, the Officers, hurl'd into
fuch confufions that they could neither help themſelves nor him (by the implaca-
ble ambition and revenge of Lambert, who had fcrued and recovered his intereft
in
1
{
#
1
→
1659.
417
England, Scotland and Ireland,
chard.
in the Officers) would have made him a kind, of Duke of Venice, with a Title and
a Penfion) and Parliament together. Several advices were given Richard all this Richard offer-
while by yis Friends Col. Ingoldsby, Goffe, and Col. Charles Howard, made a Vif- ed terms by the
count by Oliver; and he urged by thein to feize upon the chief of thofe Army-fador.
Danish Embal-
Conſpirators, and diſpatch them, as the onely fure way to be rid of their Intereſt
in the Army: he was likewife follicited by other hands to embrace the Kings Ti-
tle,and cloſe with his party; and there was a report that the Danish Embaffador
(then Relident here) had Inftructions to treat with him about it, to offer
him moſt honourable Terms, and to engage his Mafters Word for the perfor-
mance which hath fince been confirmed to be true. As to the Counsel about
feizing the Officers, Col. Ingolds by his Coufen undertook it upon his own ſcore,
and engaged at his own peril with his order to effect it: but fuch the fufpenfe The wretched
and pufillanimity that poffeffed Richard, (his neer Relation to Fleetwood and fufpence of Ri-
Desborough prompting him to expect nor dread any harm from that party,
where they were chief, and he thought himſelf well enough if he ſaved his
Skin) that he could be brought to no refolution; and fo the fair occafion of
crufhing that Cockatrice of the Rump, which was hatching at Wallingford-
houſe, where Fleetwood dwelt, and by which Houfe that party was diftinguiſhed,
was totally loft. The Protector at laft beginning, when it was too late, and but
then thinking of fecuring himſelf from being furprized with their Complements,
and ſtood upon his Guard But the Commons-Houfe, as became English-men,
wifely and courageoutly refolved to let the Officers know, that they took them
ftill to be their Servants, though they had for too many years ill deferved their
Wages, Rebelling and ufurping the Government at their pleaſure and inten-
ding to try what they meant by the Good Old Caufe, which, as they ſeemed to
repreſent it, fmelt of Gunpowder and Ball; and whether the Repentance
held forth in their faid Reprefentation, were real or Military, paffed thefe Votes
on Munday April 18.
Refolved, That during the Sitting of the Parliament, there (hall be no Ge- Reſolves of
neral Council, or Meeting of the Officers of the Army, without direction and Au-
thority of his Highneß the Lord Protector, and both Houses of Parliament.
Parliament a“
gainst Meeting
of the Army-
And fecondly, That no perſon ſhall have or continue any Command or Truſt in Officers.
any of the Armies or Nations of England, Scotland, and Ireland, or any the
Dominions and Territories thereto belonging, who ſhall refuſe to ſubſcribe, That he
will not disturb or interrupt the free-meetings in Parliament of any the Members
of either House of Parliament, or their freedom in their Debates and Counfels.
And the fame time, to fhew their care of the Army, and to prevent jealoufies,
they paffed theſe following Votes.
Refolved, That the Houje do prefently take into confideration the ways and
means for fatisfaction of the Arrears of the Armies, and providing prefent pay for
them.
And fecondly, That Serjeant Maynard, the Attorney-General and Sollicitor-
General, do forthwith prepare an A&t of Indemnity for all ſuch as have acted under
the Parliament and Commonwealth.
While the Houſe ſpent the reft of their time in confidering how to provide
Money without laying new Burthens on the people, great contefts grew be-
tween the Protector and the oppofite Officers of the Army, both fides keeping
Guards night and day againct one another; the Protector having, in purſuance
of the Votes of the Houſe, forbidden the meetings of the Officers.
In this divided pofture, affairs continued till Friday the 22 of April, on which
Morning early, Fleetwood the Protector's Brother, Desborough his uncle, and
the reft of the mutinous Officers, carrying the greater part of the Army after
them, and the Protector's party flinching, the Conqueft was made without one
drop of Blood, (which was ſtrange in ſo Ancient, Hereditary, juſt, and un-
doubted a Title) and the Protector forced to confent to a Commiffion and Pro-
clamation ready prepared, giving Desborough and others power to Diffolve the
Parliament, contrary to the bett advice, and his own Intereft and promife.
Iii
And
•
418
Richard
of Arrests, and
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part 111.
And there-
And accordingly the fame day, the Black Rod was fent twice to the Houſe of
Commons, (from Fiennes Speaker of the Other Houſe) for them to come
thither, but they admitted him not in, and much fcorned the motion, having
ever looked upon that Mufhroom-houfe as the Lower-houfe,and their own crea-
ture; the language being to fend down to the Other House, when they fent
the Declaration for a Faſt, for a trial of tranfacting with them.
fore underſtanding there were Guards of Horfe and Foot in the Palace-yard,
after ſome motion made by Mr. Knightly, Sir Arthur Hafelrig and others, where-
in Sir Arthur exceeded, That the Houſe ſhould first declare it Treaſon for any
perſon whatſoever to put force upon any Members of the Houfe: And next,
that all Votes, Acts, and Refolutions, paffed by any Members of Farliament,
when the reft were detained from, or taken out of the Houfe, fhould be null
and void; and other motions becoming English-men to that end, judging them-
felves under a force, and finding they were very unanimous, though neer 400
in the Houfe. In the things propofed they refolved no queftion, but adjour-
ned till Munday-morning the 25 of April, and attended the Speaker in order
through Weltminster-hall to his Coach in the face of the Souldiery.
Now the Court (according to the guife of the World in like accidents)
fhrunk out of White-ball into Wallingford-houfe; and Fleetwood, Desborough,.
and the rest of the Officers, great and fmall, took the Government into their
own hands, and difcarded their Idol the Protector, whom they had Worshipped
thrown afid, and Deified in their Addreffes; the Milkfop not fo much as muttering at theſe
and in danger Affronts and Indignities: a fine worthy Fellow and becoming the greatneſs
of his Houſe, out of which God wonderfully reſcued the Majelly Royal and
Honour of the Crown of England, from being fallied with ſuch baſe and fordid
wearing (and great talk there once was of fuch a thing as Richard the 4th.)
Within two or three Mornings after this caft out of his Office, inſtead of his
Guards, poor Richard was befet with all the Bayliffs of Middlefex, who had a
Writ against him (for a Debt of the late Funeral-Expences) by the Name of
Richard Cromwel, Esq.
dares not ap-
pear.
—— Is curre per ALPES
Ut pueris placeas & Declamatio Fias.
The Houſe of Commons was alfo fhut up, and entrance denied to the Mem-
bers when they came on Monday (even to Sir Henry Vane and Sir Arthur Ha
felrig themſelves) according to Adjournment; the Court of Requetts and all
Avenues being full of Souldiers, who told the Members that they muft Sit no
more.
Die Die
THE
RUMP.
A
FTER the new Officers had moduled themſelves, Cafhiering
Whaley, Ingoldsby, Goffe, and divers others of the Protector's
party, and reftoring Lambert, Haflerig, Okey, and others dif
placed by Protector Oliver, and played with the Government
for a few days, and grew weary of it, (the inferiour Officers
and the Pamphlets, that now flew about daily without controul) carrying
things
1659.
England, Scotland and. Freland.
419
The Names of
the Rump-Par-
liament-Mem-
bers.
}
3
things beyond the intention of the Chief Officers; they fent to fome of their
old Hackney Drudges of the Long Parliament then in London, who they knew
would do any thing fo they might be fuffered to Sit, and on the fifth and
fixth days of May had conference with them; the laft of which was at their
never-failing Speaker the Mafter of the Rolls's Houfe in Chancery-lane, where
both Officers, viz. Lambert, who had already gotten his old place, and others
with him, and Members, viz. Sir Henry Vane, Sir Arthur Haflerig, Ludlow,
John Fones, Mr. Chaloner, Mr. Scot, and others, to the number of twenty,
follicited William Lenthal Efquire to fit Speaker again: but he objected fcru-
ples in Judgement and Confcience, and the uncertain ftate of Commonwealth
and Army; nevertheleſs fifteen Articles between the Officers and fome of the
Members (who it ſeems over-confidently undertook for the rett) being agreed
on at ſome of their Meetings, they refolved to meet in the Houfe on Saturday
the 7 of May; yet that they might do it by furprize, they gave out that they
would not fit till Tueſday the 10th of May: But the Itch of Ambition and
Lording it over the people giving them no quiet, on Saturday the 7th of May
early they met in the Painted-Chamber at Westminster; and to make up their
number, fent for the two chaft Cock-Sparrows, the Lord Munson, and Mr. Henry
Martin, out of Prifon, where they were in Execution for Debt; and Mr. Whit-
lock and Lifle off the Chancery-Bench: and with this addition, being two
and forty in number, the Chancery-Mace for haft being carried before them,
(whoſe Names from a Noble Hand, with this Account, I have Tranfcri-
bed.) viz.
William Lenthal.
Lord Munjon.
Henry Martin.
Mr. Whitlock
Mr. Lifle.
Mr. Chaloner.
Alderman Atkins.
Alderman Pennington.
Thomas Scot.
Cornelim Holland.
Henry Vane.
Prideaux, Attorney-General.
Sir James Harrington.
Ludlow.
Oldsworth.
Sir Arthur Haflerig.
John Jones.
Purefoy.
Colonel White.
Henry Nevil.
Mr. Say.
Mr. Blagrave.
Colonel Bennet.
Mr. Brewster.
Serjeant Wilde.
John Goodwin.
Mr. Lechmore.
Augustine Skinner.
Mr. Downes.
Mr. Dove.
Mr. John Lenthal.
Mr. Saloway.
Mr. Jobn Corbet.
Mr. Walton.
Gilbert Millington.
Mr. Gould.
Colonel Sydenham.
Colonel Bingham.
Colonel Ayre.
Mr. Smith.
Colonel Ingoldsby.
Fleetwood.
;
ftole on a fudden into the Houfe: the Invitation of the Army for the fitting
of the Long Parliament, (as they call it) being firſt publiſhed in Westmin
fter-ball; wherein, at the conclufion they added, that calling to minde that
Gods prefence and his Bleffing was vifible among the late Members of the
Long Parliament, who fate till April 23. 1653. they did invite them to their
Truft and they answer this with a like Declaration, (not daſhing at the
leaſt upon the Army) fetting forth that they are refolved to apply themselves
to the diſcharge of their Truft, and to endeavour a Settlement upon fuch a
Foundation as might beft fecure all Chriftian and civil Intereft, Liberty, and
Propriety, without King, Single perſon, or Houſe of Peers; and fhall endea-
Iii2
vour
420
Part III.
1
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Rumps Decla
ration.
vour the work of Reformation, ſo much defired, and often declared for; and
a Godly and Faithful Miniftry, to the glory and praife of our Lord Jefus
Chrift, and to the reviving and making glad the Hearts of the Upright in the
Land.
Upon Notice of their fitting, there being double their number Members of
the fame Parliament in Town, and many of them in the Hall; to prevent the
miſchiefs of a furreptitious packed Parliament, they agreed among themſelves
in the Hall, (though they were doubtful that Parliament was diffolved) that
Secluded Mem- about a dozen or fourteen of them ſhould immediately go to the Houfe: and
bers offer to fit the perfons that did fo were thefe, viz.
with the Rump.
人
​The Rump Ex-.
clude the for.
mer (ecluded
Members.
7
Mr. Anfley, fince Earl of An-
glefey, my (right Noble)
Author.
Sir George Booth.
Mr. Pryn.
Mr. George Montague.
Sir John Eveling.
Mr. Gowen.
Mr. Eveling.
Mr. Knightly.
Mr. Clive.
Mr. Hungerford.
Mr. Harley.
Mr. Peck
Who though with much ado they got into the Lobby, (where they found
Mr. James, and Mr. John Herbert) they were not fuffered, by the Officers of
the Army, to go into the Houſe, though they difputed their priviledge of Sit-
ting, (if the Parliament were yet in being :) but Reafon as well as the Laws
muſt be filent among men of War: and therefore after they had fairly made
their claim, and found the Houfe under force, they retired, and refolved by
Letter to acquaint the Speaker, and thoſe Gentlemen affembled with him, what
ufage they had received.
And accordingly on Munday the 9 of May, they went to Westminster, where
underſtanding that there were no Guards upon the Houſe, Mr. Anfley, Mr. Pryn,
and Mr. Hungerford went up to the Houſe, and had free admittance, receiving
the Declaration of the 7th of May at the Door, which was publiſhed the fame
day; but Mr. Ansley walking afterwards into the Hall (the Houfe not being
ready to fit) to let the Members know, that though they were repulfed by
force on Saturday, the Houfe was open for honeft men this day: at his return,
Captain Lewfon of Goff's Regiment (as he confeffed himself) and other Of
ficers, denied him entrance: he asking them, whether they were a Committee
to judge of Members without doors? they laid, No, but they were Comman-
ded by their fuperiour Officers to let none in that had not fate till April 1653.
After ſome reaſoning the caſe with them, the Captain told Mr. Ansley, that if
he would give his Parol to return without fitting, he might go in and ſpcak
with whom he pleafed fo upon his Parol paffed to the Captain, he was per-
mitted to go in the fecond time, and foon after returned, telling the Captain as
he came out, that he had kept his Parol, and wifhed he and the Souldiers would
do the like. Mr. Pryn continued ſtill there, and refolved fo to do, tince he faw
there was Force again upon the Houſe; and had ſome diſcourſe within doors,
and made them lofe that Morning, and adjourn by reafon of his prefence, with-
out the Speakers taking the Chair: he attempted to fit again in the Afternoon,
but found there a Troop of Horfe, and two Companies of Red-coats, Keepers
of the Liberties of England, and fo bid them farewel: immediately after which,
to prevent further interruption in their works of Darkneſs from Honeft men,
they barred the Door againft three parts of four of the Members of the Houſe, by
the following Vote.
Ordered, That fuch perfons heretofore Members of this Parliament, as have not
Fate in this Parliament fince the year 1648. and have not fubfcribed the Engage
ment in the Roll of Engagement of this Houſe, ſhall not fit in this Houſe till further
order of the Parliament.
༢
5、,.
Whereupon, Sir George Booth, Mr. Anfley, Mr. Knightly, Mr. Pryn, and the
reft,
1659.
421
England, Scotland and Ireland.
reft, who had agreed on a Letter to be fent to them, finding them in their old
temper of trampling the priviledges of Parliament under foot, and Judging
without Hearing, refolved to make no application to them.
Thus we faw (to the vexation of the Kingdom) the fame pretended Par-
liament as was fitting in 1653. (till the Protector Oliver by the best act of his
life pull'd them out of the Houfe) fitting again upon a Declaration of the
Army (whole Slaves they were) to do what they pleaſe, as time diſcovered.
And that we might fee they could truft few but themfelves, and were not chan-
ged, (for all their fained repentance) they were already returned to the Good
Old Cause of preferring one another and their Friends into good Offices and
Commands, and Counſellors places, as appeared by their Vote of the 9th of Qualifications
May, viz.
The Parliament doth declare, That all ſuch as ſhall be employed in any place of
Trust or Power in the Commonwealth, be able for the diſcharge of fuch Trust; and
that they be perfons fearing God, and that have given teftimony to all the people of
God, and of their faithfulneß to this Commonwealth, according to the Declaration
of Parliament of the 7th of May 1659.
of the 9 of May
And fuch their proceedings thereupon, that forthwith they choſe of their A council of
own Members for a Council of State, 21. viz.
Sir Arthur Haflerig,or the, Saloway.
State chofen.
Biſhop of Durham.
Sir Henry Vane.
Ludlow.
Jo. Jones.
Sydenham.
Scot.
Bradshaw.
Lambert.
Desborough.
Fleetwood.
Herb. Morley.
Sidney.
Sir James Harrington.
Col. Thompson.
Col. Walton.
Nevil.
Chaloner.
Downes.
Whitlock:
Col. Dixwel.
Mr. Reynolds.
Oliver St. John.
Mr. Wallop.
Of Perſons without the Houfe, 10. viz.
Berry.
Sir Tho. Honeywood.
Sir Archi. Jobnfon.
Lord Fairfax. Jofiah Berners.
Sir Anth. Ashley Cooper, a Gentleman too
wife & honeft to fit in fuch company.
Sir Hor. Townsend,a Gent. of too good an
Eltate to be hazarded with fuch a crew.
Next they diſcontinued the Term, (to the great damage and difcontent of The Term dif-
the people) becauſe many Suits were depending againſt Vane and Haflerig. In continued.
fine, what they were like to prove, or what good, rather what evil was dreaded
and expected from them, to an utter defpair and enragement of the whole Na-
tion, did ſufficiently appear from the efteem the people had of them, in the E-
lections to the laft Parliament; wherein, though none but perfons well-affected
to Parliaments had Votes, and the perfons now fitting laboured hard to be
cholen, very few of them were Elected, the people generally looking upon
them as apoftates from the Good Old Cauſes and therefore no wonder they
would have that Parliament to which onely they were chofen, never diffolved.
Going about (by the example of the Army, whofe Apes they were ) to co-
zen the people of their Religion, Laws, Liberties, Parliaments and Money, with
Rattle, called the Good Old Cauſe, which was a Cheat greater than any of the
former.
3
was to have
}
Being thus refeated, and having entred for qualitie (though not for num-
ber) worſe, if worſe could be, than when they were turned out before, they
fell as readily as if there had been no difafter on their power, upon felling the
remainder of the King's Lands, as Hampton-court, Somerset-houfe, Greenwich, Note, Richard
&c. All perfons were commanded to quit White-ball, whence the miferable 20000 1. iz
Richard (for whom the Army had conditioned for ten thousand per annum for all per an-
his life, c.in fear of Arrefts, had withdrawn himſelf into the Country.) Thi- num, and bis
ther Mother 8000l.
MOTE.
1
t
422
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
id.
{
Armies Ad-
dreß.
ther theſe his Matters fent to him a Committee, for his fubmiffion and refigna-
tion; to which they ſweetned him, with a kinde demand of his Debts, of which
by their Conditions they were tied to diſcharge him: He at firft anſwered not
home to the Refignation; but being urged (for they knew his Title was as
good as theirs) to do it, he in exprels terms added, He had learnt not to be un-
quiet under Gods band, and ſhould cauſe all perfons relating to him to behave them-
felves peaceably under the Government, from whom he expected Protection, May 25.
Then he gave them a Tranfcript of his Debts, by the hands of his Steward;
and they thereupon took him off a debt of 296401. and gave him a Prote-
ction for fix Months, and together his difmiflion, having taken and feized all
the Plate, Hofhould-ftuff, and other Utenfils whatsoever in White-ball, toge-
ther with what Jewels they could finde, into their poffeffion; and fo exit Ki
chard in fuch a pitiful regardlefs condition, but by his Creditors, that we ſhall
hear but little of him further in this Chronicle.
They were next faluted with an Addreſs from the Army in Scotland, where-
in they confeffed and lamented their former mifcarriages towards them; but
at the end thereof there was a hard word fubjoyned, That the defection was fo-
mented and cauſed by fome of themselves: and this was afterwards conftrued as
Benches fuppli- a bone of Contention and Jealoufie thrown in amongst them. At home the
Judges Commiffions being expired, they appointed Serjeant Nudigate for the
Kings-Bench, Serjeant Atkins and Archer for the Common- Pleas, and Serjeant
Parker for the Exchequer, where Wilde and Hill were afterwards placed; and
Voted the Courts and the Term to be in as full force as if the Benches were
full; afterwards they anew conſtituted all thoſe Serjeants in Oliver's time; and
Bradshaw, Serjeant Terril, (a Buckingham-fhire Gentleman, and one formerly
of their party, but never in fuch publick Office before, and now making ufe
of it to good purpoſes) and Serjeant Fountain (an eminent Royalist former-
ly at Oxford) were made Lords Commiffioners of the Great Seal. Bradshaw
was fick, the other two received it at the Hands of the Speaker, at the Clerk
(Thomas St. Nicholas in ftead of Scobel) his Table, and took the old Engage-
ment; whither came now a Petition or Addreſs from the Army, in profecu-
tion of their condition of dividing the Judicative and Executive power; and to
that purpoſe they had couched herein a project of a co-ordinate or ſelect Senate,
the product of Sir Henry Vane's Wifdome, and conveyed into their Heads by
Lambert who was Dominus fac totum. This was promiſed to be forthwith con-
fidered, and the prefenters had the Thanks of the Houfe, who refolved to
new Commiffionate the Officers; which was done in the fame manner as be-
fore, the Speaker in few words declaring, That the Parliament in confidence of
their Ability and Fidelity did confer, &c. and this went throughout the Army one
Regiment after another. Fleetwood, who (by another of thofe) by 15 Con-
ditions was to be Commander in Chief by Land and Sea, was made Lieute-
nant-General with the faid exprefs Command; the Tranfcript of an Act fo In-
tituled (it being fo agreed) being prefented, and read, and delivered to him
at the Clerks Table aforefaid, as his Commiffion. Captain Lawfon was made.
Vice-Admiral, and to Command the Fleet for the Narrow Seas this Summer:
This diſpoſal laying afide General Montague, who was expected fhortly from
the Sound, as one in whom they had no confidence, nor any Intereft. Addref-
fes likewife came from the Independent and Anabaptift Churches, fome of
whom kept a Thankſgiving, and invited all the other Congregations of that
Sect to joyn with them in that Voluntary Solemnization of this good provi-
dence; the chief of theſe were one Jessey's and Canne's Difciples, the prime fa-
vourites of this RUMP; which Name it now univerfally obtained.
The derivation
of Rump.
And it will not be impertinent to the defigne of this Chronicle to give an ac-
count of it, fince it was the frequenteft word or by-word of the times. This
Terin was firft given them by one Mr. Walker, who writ the Hiftory of Inde-
pendency, upon their fecluding and debarring the Houfe to their Fellow-Mem-
bers in 1648. when there remained a Fag-end or Tail; but was almoft aboli-
fhed
1
}
1
659.
423
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ſhed by the height and violence of their profperity, nor was heard of again un-
til Richard's Parliament, when Major-General Brown, repeating the many
injuries he had received from that party or Jun&to, in a scornful Apoftrophe,
branded it with this Note of Infamy, The R V MP, which now upon their
re-admiffion again, was their onely appellation, except among their own par-
ty.
To court and oblige the Souldiery about Town, and who as their Guards
attended them, they raiſed the Foot's Pay a penny, and the Horſe three pence a
day. Colonel Alured and Overton were taken into favour; the laft made Go-
vernour of Hull, the other Captain of their Life-guard, which now they had
eftabliſhed, Sir Henry Vane's fon being their Cornet. Lockhart was allo con- Addreſſes from
firmed Governour of Dunkirk, from which place they had received Addreffes, Forrain Prin-
as alſo an Embaſſador from France, another from the States General, from the ces.
King of Poland, an Evoy from Sweden, the like from the Hans Towns, from
Genoa and Portugal; ſo far had the dread of thoſe inconfiderable perſons, by
their former fucceffes, poffeffed moft of the Princes of Europe. Spain's friendſhip
they made themſelves fure of, with whom at their breaking up they were in
moft perfect friendſhip and correſpondence.
They had an eye alfo to Ireland, and by Diſpatches thither had frighted the
Illuftrious Lord Harry to a tame furrender of that Government into the hands Henry Crom-
of the Lord Chancellor Steel, and Miles Corbet the Chief-Baron of that Ex- wel ordered to
Surrender the
chequer, upon the very firft notice of fuch Orders coming; which to oblige Government of
them the more, he fignified by an Expreſs, and that he was preparing to fol- Ireland.
low with all ſpeed to give them an account of that Kingdom, which he left
in a very good condition, and hoped his Succeffors might reap more content
in the Government than he had found. He arrived poſt-haft immediately af-
ter; and having given his account to the Council of State, had liberty granted
him of going into the Country, or whither he pleaſed, as his Order exprefly and
indulgently declared.
Enfield-chace.
To perform on their part with the Army, now came out the new Act of
An Act of In
Indemnity to all ſuch as had been any way inftrumental or active, or concer- demnity pub-
ned in the late Mutations of Government, from the date of the 22 of April, liſhed.
to the 7th of May 1659. with a Provifo of their taking the Engagement.
Juft in the publication of which, happened a Fray or skirmish at Enfield forreft, A skirmish at
the Country who had right of Commons, being deprived thereof by certain
Encloſures to new-erected Buildings, by fome Officers of the Army, who had
purchaſed the Kings Lands there, and kept Guards there to fecure this their
Trefpafs and violence; but the Country-people mastered them, killing one or
two, and wounded a Serjeant, took the reft, and got them committed to New-
gate, (for affaulting them as they were throwing down the Ditches and Hed-
ges) whence their good Mafters ordered them foon after to be bayled, being
nine in number.
To the old trade they fell next againſt the Royal party, Prieſts and Jefuits
being joyned with them in the fame Condemnation; which was, that all fuch
as had not compounded, or compounded and not paid their Fines, thould firft
Royalists,
depart twenty miles, and before the firft of August leave the Kingdom, or elſe
Priefts and fe-
fuffer as Traytors: notwithſtanding the Council of State was impowered, up-fuits banished.
on ſubſcription and ſecurity to do as they ſhould ſee cauſe in that matter; for
befides the old grudge, they had now information of a Cavalier-plot, laid fome A new Cava-
time before, (by the fame hands that betrayed the laſt to Cromwel, who fearing lier-Plot gene-
rally laid, and
the quick reward of their Treachery, did the fame Offices to this Rump.) discovered by
Hereupon they began to fettle their refpective Militia's; and being fully fatif- indifcretion
fied concerning Mr. Mordant's actings for, and correfpondence with the King, and Treacheï'y,
they required him by Proclamation to appear before the 17 of Auguſt, or elſe &c.
his offences fhould be taken pro confeffo; the defigne ftill opening by the unwa-
ry difcourfes of the Lady Howard, Daughter to the Earl of Berkshire, and
the indifcreet conveyance of fome Letters: whereupon the,and Mr.Erneftus Byron,
and
2
!
1
}
}
424
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III.
and Mrs. Sumner, were committed to the Tower; as alfo Mr. Harlow for feme
reports and ſtories of their baſe actions, by the Council of State, in order to
Tryal. The Duke of Buckingham, who had fome while before Married the
Lord Fairfax's Daughter, and was therefore fpighted by Cromwel, who had
defigned one of his Daughters for him, and had been lately releaſed by Ri-
chard's Parliament out of Windfor-caftle, came in now, and gave fecurity for
his peaceable demeanour. Arms were every where privately bought up, and on
the other fide, Ireton the then Lord-Mayor, a very active perfon, Brother to
Ireton deceaſed, raiſed a Regiment of City Horfe, though the City Petitioned
against it; and the feparated Churches raifed three Regiments of their Mem-
bers, under Sir Henry Vane, Colonel White, and Skippon, who being through-
paced for the Good Old Ganfe, was by them made Major-General of the City,
and all Horfes fecured therein,
Pofts came now from feveral parts of the Kingdom, of Stirs and Infurre-
Tunbridg and ctions; the two firft whereof were at Tunbridge; but a party of Horfe (the
Red-hill Ri-, Council of State having right and punctual Information) were foon at the
fings fuppreffed.
appointed place of Rendezvouze, fo that thofe that would have met there dif-
perfed themſelves; fome few being taken Prifoners. The other at Red-bill in
Surrey, where appeared fome 100, under the Command of the Earl of Litch-
field, fince Duke of Richmond, who upon notice of the Armies Horſe advan-
cing, got timely away; young Mr. Sackvile Crow, Mr. Penruddock, and fome
others of note, among whom was one Captain Elfemere, formerly a Captain
in Ingoldsby's Regiment, being taken, and fome former Troopers of the fame,
Maffey like who were afterwards Sentenced. Colonel Maffey appeared likewife in Glouce-
wife in Glou- fter-fhire; but by the fame perfect intelligence at White-ball,he was no fooner up,
cefter-fhire. but he was feized and taken by fome of their Horfe, and being put behinde.
one of the Troopers to bring him away, as they were marching down a Hill
the Horſe fell, and gave the Colonel an opportunity to fhove the Trooper for-
wards, and to make his eſcape into an adjoyning Wood; which was the
fourth he made during theſe troubles. Hertford (hire and Effex were affociated
likewiſe in the ſame defigne now forming and acting; but the like diſcovery
prevented it; Sir Thomas Leventhorpe and Mr. Thomas Fanshaw hardly eſcaping
a furprize and feizure. Major-General Brown was not idle all the while in
London; feveral Lifts being filled with undertakers of the Kings Quarrel: but
fuch was the vigilance of the Council of State who fate day and night, and fo
many defeats and diſappointments, and fo many Priſoners every day brought
in, that nothing was done here. Lambeth Gate-houfe was made a Goal, and
Sir Francis Vincent, and Colonel Brown of Surrey, concerned in the Earl of Litch"
field's attempt, were Committed thither.
·
Sir George But that which look'd indeed formidable, was the rifing of Sir George Booth
Booth's rifing in Cheshire, who was a fecluded Member of the Parliament; with him appea
in Cheshire,
red the Lord Kilmorry, Mr. Needham Brother to the ſaid Lord, Mr. Henry and
Aug.
Mr. Peter Brook a Member likewife; Sir William Neil, Major-General Randal
Egerton an eminent conftant Royalift, who brought his former Valour upon this
Stage, and Colonel Robert Werden of the fame party, (which laft two were
put into that Proclamation, wherein Sir George Booth, Sir Thomas Middleton,
with their adherents were Proclaimed Traytors) the fame Sir Thomas Middle-
ton and his fons who Garrifoned Chirk and Harding Caftles, the laft belonging
to Juſtice Glyn: there joyned alfo with him, the Earl of Derby (whofe Family
Intereft in that Country, with the fame magnanimous Loyalty this young
No-
bleman effayed to refufcitate, and gave great demonftration of his perfonal
worth and Gallantry in the enfuing Engagement: but I may not be (as
ought) copious in his praife.
Nec Deus interfit nifi dignus vindice nodus.)
1
Colonel Gilbert Ireland, who feized Liverpole, Mr. Warburton, and Mr. Leigh,
the
1
}
ย
1559.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
the Lord Cholmondley, Mr. Marbury, Mr. (fince Sir) Jeoffery Shackerly, and
others thefe Rendezvouzed at Routon heath, and appeared to the number of
3008 and upwards, where a Declaration was read and published, fhewing
that they took up Arms for a Free-Parliament, and to unyoak the Nation from
the flavery of thoſe men at Westminster. To fecond this, the noble Lord Byron
with Colonel Charles White, with a party from Nottingham, Rendezvouzed at
Sherwood-forrett, with a defigne on Belvoyr-cafile, but were fruftrated; and fo
onward to Derby, where they publiſhed Sir George's Declaration, which the
Townf-men very well approved of; but Forces under Colonel Sanders being
on their way thither, they were forced to fit ftill, and cry peccavi; Colonel
White was taken Prifoner. Another appearance there was about Shrewsbury,
but all came to nothing; the Lady Littletons's Sons, and the Whittingtons were
herein engage.
A
425
Geo: Booth.
Several Nobles
men Prifoners
As foon as the news of this Sir George Booth's rifing was publique, a Petition
was prefented to the Parliament from fome pretended Cheshire-men, wherein
they let forth, that to prevent the like Rebellious Inſurrections, the Parliament
thould diſcharge all Tenants of their Tenures from Delinquent Land-lords,
and that they ſhould hold their Lands thenceforth of the Commonwealth at the
fame time; and firaight a Committee was ordered to withdraw, and bring in
a draught of this device: and Major-General Lambert was Commiffioned to Lambert fent
march with three Regiments of Horfe and three of Foot, and fome Dragoons, to reduce Sir
(Militia-forces being to joyn with him in his march) and ſome Forces out of
Ireland under Colonel Zanchy and Axtel) to the reduction of Sir George and
his Forces. Colonel Desborough was likewife fent with the fame Command,
and fome Forces into the Weft. Proclamation came out at this time againſt
Mr. Mordant, the Earl of Litchfield, Major-General Brown, Sir William Comp-
ton, Sir Thomas Leventhorpe, and Mr. Fanshaw; the three laft of whom render-
ed themſelves within the time; the two firft fled; and the Major-General
awaiting another opportunity, abfconded himſelf at Stationers-Hall, by the
faithful fecrecy of Captain Burroughs. The Earl of Stamford, who was like-
wife engaged in this buſineſs, was taken at his Houfe in Arms, and carried Pri-
.foner to Leicester, which was the condition of many other Gentlemen, the
Earl of Oxford Prifoner to the Serjeant at Arms, the Lords Faulkland and De-
laware to the Tower, whither not long after was brought the Lord Viſcount
Falconbridge, the Lord Bellafis, and Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Charles Howards
and Lord Castleton. Lambert with no great halt marched to the Confines of
Chester, defirous to make a War of it, and to fettle himſelf in the Souldiers af-
fections; but fuch courfe had been taken by his Mafters, that very few acceffions
of ftrength came in to Sir George more than what were firft numbered, who
nevertheless refolved to abide the fortune of Battle, and drew up neer Norwich
(whither Lambert was advancing) in the Meadows adjoyning, having the
Rivers before them, and the Bridges guarded; but Lambert's Horfe and Foot
refolutely falling on together at the Bridge, the Fight was foon over, all the Sir George
defence being made by one Morgan a gallant Gentleman, and fome Horfe of Booth defez-
his Troop, who prefently died of his Wounds. There were not above 30 kil- ted, Aug. 19;
led in all, and fome 500 taken Prifoners, and moft of the Gentlemen and Of
ficers. This was August 16. and preſently the Army advanced to Cheſter, (where
Colonel Croxton yet held out the Caſtle) and had it prefently delivered; from
thence to Leverpool, which was yielded likewife by Colonel Ireland, while in
the mean time Colonel Zanchy and Axtel took in Chirk-caſtle,delivered by young
.Mr. Middleton upon terms of having two Months time to make Addreffes to
the Parliament; the relt were to be Prifoners of War, and among them was
Colonel (fince,Sir) Edward Broughton. Harding-Caftle was yielded likewiſe
upon the like Capitulations.
Sir George Booth had made his eſcape out of the Field, and got away, accom-
panied with four of his Servants, in a womans. Difguife; but at his Inne in Sir George
Newport-pagnel was diſcovered; and being guarded and ſecured, one Gibbons a at Newport-
Kkk
Booth taken
Mini- pagnel,
+
+++
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426
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
AM
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Coast of Bri-
tany.
Miniſter pofted to give the Parliament account of it, and was rewarded by them,
as were no less than three feveral Meffengers fent before from Lambert, with
the particulars of the Cheshire-defeat. Upon his bringing to London, Fleetwood
was ordered to fend a Guard and meet him at Highgate, and fecure him to the
Tower, whither the next day Sir Henry Vane and Sir Arthur Haflerig were ſent
to Examine him. It hath fince been plainly confirmed, that General Monke was
engaged with him in the fame defigne, under pretence of a Free-Parliament;
(and that the Marquess of Ormond, in the Habit of a Pedlar, was ſeen about
his Houſe at Dalkeith) but it was fo fecretly carried, that nothing appeared at
this time; nor would Sir George be drawn to accufe any man.
I
Moſt certain it is, the Kings Reftitution was the bottome of this Defigne :
for before the appearance of it, he had withdrawn privately from Bruffels, and
The King about
lay ready upon the Coaft of Britany about St. Malo's and thofe places, to take
St. Malos and
fhipping for England upon the firft good event of thoſe his Loy Friends and
Subjects; but Kent or Suffex was the place intended for his Landing, Türenne
the French General having engaged to wait upon him if he would oblige it.
But this unhappy account reaching him there, he refolved to give over the pro-
fecution of his right by the Sword at prefent, (feeing the almoft-impoffibility
of recovering it by his English Subjects against thefe ftanding Armies) and
At St. Jean pafs to St. Jean de Luz, where the Treaty betwixt the two Crowns was then
begun, andwhither Lockhart (upon the arrival of a French Embaffador hi-
ther) was ordered to Travel; where after feveral affronts done him (while
the Minifters of the King (not to mention the Grandeurs of the Honours
done to himſelf by the Cardinal and Don Lewis de Haro,and during his ſhort ſtay
in the Realm of Spain)who were fit the Lord Jermyn his Plenipotentiary at that
Treaty, the Earl of Bristol, the Lord Chancellor, Sir Henry Bennet the Kings Re-
fident at the Court of Spain, after Secretary of State, and others) he was
better adviſed to return, and be gone with more haft than he came, His Ma-
ter's Concerns being wholly rejected, and his Majefty's moſt affectionately un-
dertaken by both thoſe Potentates, in private diſtinct Articles agreed between
them.
de Luz.
The Rumps Ple-
As thoſe Juncto-men or Rumpers would have been taken into this affair of
the Peace between France and Spain, ſo they thruſt themſelves into the diffe-
rence between the two Northern Kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden, fending
Mr. Sidney and Sir Thomas Honeywood (Sir Henry Vane's Brother-in-law) their
nipotent aries Plenipotentiaries to thofe Crowns, who having fraid there to no purpoſe, re-
into the Sound turned fome time after to as much; their Mafters at home being lurcht before:
they had order to proceed in the fame method, and as far as the French or
Dutch, whofe project of the Peace framed at the Hague being humbly tendered
here by their Embaffador, was approved, and thefe Commiffioners to act accor-
ding to that Module.
led.
General Montague returned September the 24, about their coming thither;
and having given an account (not of all he knew or did there) concerning
the War there to the Council of State, was difmiffed, having given the King
very good affurance of his readineſs and affection to his fervice.
The Parliament now were confulting what more ſtanding Forces to keep in
the Kingdom; and to keep in with the Sects and Quakers, now numerous,
The Act for
they repealed the Act of John Lilburn's Baniſhment, and releaſed James Naylor
Lilburn's B4- (as aforefaid) out of Bridewel; then againſt the laſt Royalifts, cauſed a new
nishment repea- Sequeſtration-Act to be preſently paffed, and Commiffioners Names expedited.
Thus brisk they were always upon the Atchievement and accompliſhment of
every fuccefs; which when it tickled them to arrogance and confidence, ſcrat- •
ched them foon after to their trouble and vexation: for Lambert having done
the Feat for them, was now upon his progress in the Country to his own Houſe
at Craven in York-fhire, careffing the people, having uſed his Victory very ci-
villy; although he was heard to fay upon his fetting forth, (queftionleſs to
make him more acceptable and lefs fufpect to the Ramp) That he would not
James Naylor
releaſed.
leave
:
1
1659.
427.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
4
:
j
leave a Cavalier to Piẞ against the Wall, or words to that effect. Especially he
made much of his Officers, having invited them to his Houſe aforelaid, where
their entertainment was concluded with a Draught of another Advice, ftiled,
A Petition to the Parliament. General Monke in the mean time (the better to The General's
conceal his affection to the King) cauſed moſt of the Scotch Nobility to be policy in Jecu-
ſeized on a ſudden, and upon the refufal of the Engagement fecured them in ring the Scotch
Cattles. Very many, yea molt of them refuſed, befides the Earl of Glencarn, Nobility.
the General's Confident and Privado, as appeared not long after.
Lambert was Voted a Jewel of 1000 l. for a gratuity from the Parliament
for his Cheshire-fervice: but his ambition aimed at a higher Gem; he therefore
defired the Parliament that they would think of paying off the Militia, who
had deferved well, as alfo the Irish Brigades, and the Widows and relicts
of fuch whofe Husbands were drowned paffing from thence to their affiftance:
which they readily promifed, fitting brooding continually upon Acts of Sale
and Forfeitures of fuch Ettates whofe laft moities upon purchaſe had not been
paid; as alfo in fifting out all the perfons engaged with Sir George; and had
Rump.
traced it ſo cloſe by their Beagles, as to bring Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper (one Sir Anthony
of their Council of State) into fufpicion; (as really he was a principal in the Aſhley Coo-
Plot, having been of the Cabal, and had kept intelligence with Sir George, per queftio-
and had a party in Dorfet fhire, which timely difperfed themſelves) but the aed by the
great opinion they had of him, top'd the mouth of his Accufers; and he knew
well enough how to defend himself at their Bar. They had likewife got one of
the King's Letters, dated the 6 of May, and other Papers, which with the
feveral Examinations were read in the Houſe, and a Thankſgiving-day there-
upon appointed, for this their great prefervation. They likewife Voted the
Charter of the City of Chester void, and that it should be no longer a County
of it ſelf, but lie in Common; as alſo the Ejection of the whole Miniſtry as
Malignant, and received foon after an Addrefs from the Leicester-fhire Levites poration and
of gratulation upon this their fuccefs, and a difclaiming and renouncing of Charter taken
any hand in that bufinefs, (which was feared would prove moſt Fatal to the away.
whole Presbytery, whofe defigne this was vogued to be by the infulting Secta-
ry, who could not endure to hear of Tithes, which the Rump in policy had late-
ly Voted pro tempore.)
But Lambert's ambition interpofed betwixt them and danger; for a Paper
(fent to Colonel Aſhfield, Cobbet, and Lieutenant-Colonel Duckenfield, from
other of Lambert's Officers) coming to the notice of the Rump, they fent to
demand it; and having it delivered, preſently underſtood the device of it, and
after a quick debate of this Petition, Addreſs, and Propoſals, angrily Voted,
That to have any more General Officers in the Army, than are already fetled by the
Parliament, was unneceffary, burdenfome, and dangerous to the Commonwealth.
Notwithſtanding the Othicers met in folemn Council about it, Lambert being
come to Town, and fitting there in perfon, and acting his own defigne among
them, and bidding fair for it among the Rump, the ableft of whom he had
made fure to himlelf, and What need was there of the other? Haflerig who
was the most formidable, being known to dare and ſay more than he would
do, as Cromwel's carriage towards him had fufficiently evidenced.
At this Council the Petition was concluded on, and ordered to be prefented
to the Parliament on the 4 of Odober, by Major-General Desborough; which
he accordingly delivered to the Speaker as the fenfe of the Army which com-
ing in fuch attendance, and the countenance and awe of their Maſters, made.
them put on another face, and very fairly anfwer the Sword-Grandee, with a
Complement of taking it into their firft Confideration, nothing to intervene,
fave the Dinner the City gave them (both Parliament and Army-Officers )
after a Sermon preached at Christ-Church upon their Thanksgiving October
the fixth, at Grocers-Hall, for the Cheshire-Victory; where they eat in fpite,
and would have better become a Fray than a Feaft, though the Army-friends
in London defigned this Treat to conciliate the Rump by their furfeiting on
the Memory of this day, which they owed to Lambert, as he that freed them
K kk 2
from
Chefter-Cor-
428
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
Army - Repre-
Jentation de-
bated.
from a worfer danger, than his whatſoever defignements: but the refult was,
they fed heartily, and thanked the City next day heartily by Members,
where-
of Atkins was one, fent to take the other repaft and Bottle of this high Enter-
tainment; and withal the City obtained the favour of having liberty to chufe
a new Lord Mayor, which was Sir Thomas Alleyn, (which had been before
denied, and Ireton Voted to continue it again) fo that the City-Coft was well
expended. An Anſwer was now again required to be given to this Reprefen-
tation, as it was now called; and thereupon the Members (who had had un-
der their confideration an Act for Affeffment of 120000l. per menfem, which
they had perfected fome while before, and let it reft, as being informed of this
device of Lambert, on purpoſe to leave him Moneyleſs, and without any ſupport
to his Ambition) very cloſely and as cunningly applied themfelves to the de-
bate of the Repreſentation, which confifting of feven or eight immaterial de-
fires concerning maimed Souldiers, Widows, the Militia-pay, Lambert's Off-
cers rewards, and fuch like, had this onely fubftantial Article, that the Parlia-
ment would Commiffion a General, whom they named, viz. Charles Fleetwood.
The Rump anſwered readily in the affirmative to the reft; bur to this Choak-
pear they by Refolve ftoutly declared, That the Army, as other Free-men, have
right to Petition, but must take care both in the manner and matter of it;
and that the Wiſdom of the Parliament is to be referred to in all matters and
what they had or ſhould decree: and this for anfwer to their demand of a Ge-
neral; and withal Voted hereupon, (as knowing they were betrayed by fome of
their own felves) That it is the duty of every Member to inform to his know-
ledge of any thing that concerns the publick fafety: and forefeeing the immi-
nent danger of a force, ordered the Council of State to feize all publick Pa-
pers whatſoever; and at the fame inftant paffed an Act which did the feat, that
it ſhould be Treafon for any perfon or perfons to levy Money without the con-
fent of Parliament.
>
Before the whole anfwer could be framed, Lambert not liking a word of
Published by
Lambert be that about the General, which was the main, caufed his Repreſentation to be
fore answered. Printed, that the equity and juftice of it might be publick, and juftifie his future
Actions, (for though Fleetwood was mentioned to that Supreme Command,
it was refolved as cafie a thing to fupplant him as Richard, if the Rump had
confented to the Propofals.) This no fooner appeared, together with a Letter
delivered by Okey, a friend to his fellow-Regicides, to the Houſe, that was fent
him from fome Officers of the Army to the fame purpoſe, but the Rump Vo-
ted October the 12, that the feveral Commiffions of Colonels John Lambert,
Rump Refolute,
and void the John Desborough, James Berry, Thomas Kelsey, Richard Ashfield, Ralph Cobbet,
Commiffions of William Packer, Robert Barrow, and Major Richard Creed, who fubfcribed the
Lambert, &c. fame Letter, fhould be vacated. Refolved alfo, that the Government of the Ar-
my ſhould be managed by Commiffioners: That an Act be brought in for re-
pealing the Act whereby Fleetwood was conftituted Lieutenant-General and
Commander in chief; and that Fleetwood, Ludlow, General Monke, Haflerig,
Walton, Morly, and Overton do execute the powers granted to Fleetwood until
the 12 of February, four months from the date of this Refolve, as alfo the next
Officers in the reſpective Regiments of thefe Colonels do fucceed in their pla-
ces, Lieutenant-Colonel Campfield to Lambert, and fo in the reft; and the
Serjeant at Arms was ordered to attend theſe Caſhiered Officers with theſe Or
ders and Refolutions.
In the mean while Haflerig in a great heat, and Herbert Morley his Son-in-
law, and other the Commiffioners then' prefent for the Army, by Order fate
up all night in the Speakers Chamber adjoyning to the Houfe, and iffued out
feveral Commands to fuch Forces and Commanders as they thought would
ſtand by them, refolving to oppofe Force to Force, and be baffled no more, with
this Legionary Spirit, that had haunted and plagued them fo often. But Lam-
bert was awake alfo, and at the fame time marched ſeveral Regiments into
King-street Westminster, and poffeffed himſelf of all the avenues to the Palace,
}
fuch
659.
423
England, Scotland and Ireland.
E
fuch Forces as theſe Commiffioners had got to their fide being forced to march
round St. James Wall in the night time, and fo through Tuttle-street into the
Abby, and St. Margarets Westminster Church-yard, both parties ftanding upon
their Guard till the Morning, October 13. at which time about eleven a Clock, The Speaker
the Speaker coming to the Houfe in his Coach, was ſtopped neer the Gate that stopt, and a
leads into the Palace, by Lieutenant Col. Duckenfield, and his Coach turned and Fray expiɛed.
fent back: Lambert on Horſeback then faced the Regiment of Morley and Moſſe
in the faid Church-yard; and much ttiffneſs, and ill looks there paffed between
the Officers, and fome words, but never a blow, for the Soldiers were refolved
not to Fight one against the other for the beft Parliament or the beſt Cauſe that
ever was in England. In this pofture they continued till Night, when the
Council of State, who umpired the difference between the Red-Coats, com-
manded and ordered them to their ſeveral Quarters, as good friends as ever.
the Rump.
It muſt be remembred, that the Rump ſuſpecting of this Juncto of State, had
privately named another to Act, if a diffolution fhould happen. The Army-
Officers the next day after this Conqueft, met at Whitehal, and declared Fleet-
wood for their General.
Lambert pres
ailed again!t
They appointed alſo a felect number of the Council of State to confider of
fit ways to carry on the Affairs of the Common-wealth, and fufpended all thofe
Officers that were active on the other fide, and referred them to a Court Mar-
tial for remedy; giving power to Fleetwood, Ludlow, Desborough, Lambert, Army new mo-
Sir Henry Vane,and Berry, to nominate all Officers; and appointed the reviving duled.
of the old Laws of Military Difcipline, and that Fleetwood, as before,fhould
be owned for General, and Lambert and Desborough as Major and Commiffa-
ry General, the latter in England and Scotland too; not a fyllable mentioned of
General Moncks confent to the bargain, fave that Colonel Cobbet was diſpatch-
ed thither to inform him of the Paffages; as Colonel Barrough was fent upon
the fame errand to Ireland.
That Committee juft before mentioned, of which Vane, Whitlock, Lambert city invite
and Berry were chief; (Fleetwood and Desborough muft needs be in) begot or Parl. and Ar
gigged themselves into another Committee called a Committee of Safety, fome my to a Dinner,
few more being added from the City, who were to confider of a form of Go- on thanks-giv
ing day,ŎЯ.5.
vernment; and if they thought fit, to adviſe with the General Council of
Officers, and to bring in a Draught within fix weeks, their power the fame The Committee
with the former Council of State; to which this was added, they were to call of Safety.
Delinquents to Tryal, and to give Indemnity to all that had acted for the Parli-
ament fince 1641. to fupprefs Rebellious Infurrections, to Treat with For-
reign Princes, to confer Offices, and to ftate the Sales and Compofitions of
thofe late Delinquents; their Names were as follow, viz. Fleetwood, Lambert,
Desborough, Steel, Whitlock, Vane, Ludlow, Sydenham, Salloway, Strickland,
(Seven laft Members of the Rump) Berry, Laurence Olivers's Prefident of his
Council, Sir James Harrington another Rumper, Warreston a Scotch-man, and
Henry Brandrith a Cloath-drawer Citizen, Cornelius Holland a Member, Hew-
fon, Clark, Bennet, and Lilbourn, Colonels of the Army.
Thefe by Letters of Invitation being brought together to confider of a Go-
vernment (which Vane had already Projected, the Cement whereof was an in
tended Marriage betwixt Lamberts's Son, and his Daughter;) the Council of
Officers emitted a Declaration, fhewing the reaſons of the late Change, and do
thereby difanul the pretended Act of Treafon, Octob. 10. to Levy Money with
out confent in Parliament, as done precipitantly and unduly, and not according to
the Custome of Parliament: declare for Miniftry, and the maintenance of it, by
a lefs vexatious way than Tithes; for Liberty; and that the Army will not med-
dle in Civil Affairs, but refer the Civil and Executive Power to the Council of
State, or Safety, to provide for the Government, and to set up a free State
without King, fingle Perfon, or House of Lords: And for Conclufion, defire
the Prayers of the Godly.
The Judges were nevertheleſs (in this mad ftate of Affairs) perfwaded to
fit
The Army De-
claration upon
this change.
?
430
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
і
1
Bradshaw the
Novemb.
fit in theſeveral Courts, Whitlock officiating the Chancery; Sir Thomas Alleyn
the Lord Mayor of London was likewife fworn before the Barons of the Exche
quer. Sir William Waller and others that had been ſnapt up by the Rump, teok
advantage of it, and brought their Habeas Corpus to the Kings Bench. Sir William
got his liberty and fhortly after the Earl of Northampton, Lord Bellafis, Faul-
conbridge, Faulkland, Caftelton, Lord Herbert of Ragland, Lord Charles How-
ard, were all releaſed upon bail.
That wretch Bradshaw died, at the Lodgings given him in the Deans-houſe
Prefident dicth. at Westminster, the beginning of this Moneth of Novemb. in the ſame deſperate
impenitence in which fince the Fact he lived, faying to a Gentleman on his
Death-bed, that charitably advifed him to examine himſelf about the matter of
the Kings Death, That if it were to do again, he would be the first man that
hould do it. He was freed by this his Diſeaſe (which was occationed by an
Ague, as Cromwel's) from the terrour and fear of the enfuing Change, the ap-
prehenfions whereof fetled in him, ever fince his Country the Cheshire Defigu.
He was grown publiquely confident, and had left off his Guards he firft kept
about him; but his privacy was more than uſually, and all his actions and
geftures more reſerved: He was carried out with a great Funeral, and much
attendance of the Men of thofe Times, and Interred in the Abby, and his
Aturacy Gea Crime publiſhed for his Commendation. A little before died Edmund Prideaux,
the Attorney-General throughout the ufurpation, by which he got a very vaft
Eftate, leaving Sixty Thousand pounds in Gold (as credible report went) in his
Coffers befides Lands of very great demefnes.
Prideaux di-
eth.
This Change (like a nine days wonder) was quite over, and the Army and
Lambert here very brisk and flighting the Rump, and all it could do; when a
Cooling Card came from the North, in a Letter from General Monk, declaring
his unfatisfiedneſs with thofe proceedings of the Army: which hugely deceived
their Expectations, becauſe he had fo readily concurred with their former mu-
tation, and the Officers there were many of them Phanaticks; but the Cafe
G. Monke de- was altered, he refolved to affert the Parliamentary Intereft; and when Cobbet
clares his we- (fent hence) came to Berwick, he had him fecured there, and fent with a
Satisfiedness Guard Priſoner to Edinborough Caftle. The manner of his declaring for the
with the Army Parliament, was thus: On the Eighteenth of October being at Dalkeith, he
the manner fent for Col. Wilks Governour of Leith Lieutenant-Col. Emerfon, Captain Ethel-
bow, O&. 18. bert Morgan now made his Lieutenant-Colonel, Lieutenant-Col. Hubberthorne,
,
Cloberry, and Miller, to come to him, whom he acquainted with his Refolutions
and they engaged to ſtand by him, againſt the Factious part of the Army; as
he characterized them. On the Nineteenth he come to Edinburgh, where his
own, and Col. Talbot's Regiment with lighted Matches and Ball received him;
to whom he declared the fame, and promiſed them their Arrears, at which they
loudly fhouted: then he went to Leith, where he was entertained in the like
manner, and at his departure had Seventeen Guns given him from the Citadel,
Secures Ana- and Volleys from the Regiment: Then he turned all the Anabaptift-Officers
baptift Officers. out of the Regiments, and fecured them in Timptallon-Cafe. At the fame.
time, upon pretences of confulting with Lieutenant-Col. Young of Cobbets Re-
giment, Lieutenant. Col. Keyn, and-Major Kelke of Pearfons Regiment, he ſent
for them to him; and upon their coming clapt them up, but releaſed Keyn up-
on his promife of adherence. Together with them, he had advertiſement that
Col. Read's and Col. Fairfax's Regiments were at his fervice. On the Twenty
first he marched to Lithgow with fome Horfe and Foot, intending for Ayre; but
underſtanding that his own Lieutenant-Col. Holms was got there before him,
who was an Anabaptift,being loth to receive any oppofition in the beginning af
his Enterpriſe, he returned, and under his own Hand and Seal conftituted and
commiffioned feveral Officers in the room of thofe he had fecured; and forth-
with fent away for Fairfax's, Read's,and Cobbet's Regiments to March and joyn
with him, leaving Captain Winter with Two hundred men to keep the Citadel
of Saint Johnstons, which like number, and no more, he left in the other Three,
upon
1
1659.
431
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
*
upon his departure for England; and Rendezvouz'd his other Forces the laft of
October, and difpatcht away Letters to the Speaker, Fleetwood, Lambert; as alfo The Gen. fends
to Hull, where Overton was now Governour, by the Pearl-Frigot: and laftly, Letters.
a Letter to the gathered Churches; for he was to fight with theſe Hypocrites
at their own Weapons.
Colonel Pearson (one of General Monkes Officers in Scotland) was by order
hence fent down as to his Charge there, but fecretly to corrupt and incline
the Army to Lambert: but arriving at Newcastle, and underſtanding by ſeveral
transfuges from Scotland of the Anabaptift Perfwafion, what courfe G. Monke
had taken, he ſtaid there, his Field-Officers being in cuſtody already, except ·
Lieutenant-Col. Keyn newly releaſed: during his ftay here, Letters were by his
means intercepted as they were carrying to Exeter and Devonshire, fowed up And maintains
in a mans Doublet, without any direction, but Signed with his own Hand,and correspondence,
Written by Mafter (after Sir) William Clark; wherein he gave his Friends &c.
notice to ſtand upon their Guard, and that as foon as the Army was drawn
from London, the City would declare with him, as he expected hikewife they
would, &c. Pearfan at the fending up of thefe Letters (a Treaty being then
mentioned betwixt both parties, and to which end the difcarded Officers, as
Wbally and Goffe, Mr.Caryl and Mr.Barker Independent Minifters, went in the
way of Brotherly-love to move and perfwade him gave this Comment of them,
as one well acquainted with his General, That what ever he pretended, be fcorn-
ed all their meſſages and overtures, meerly winning time by thems and that nothing
but force could reduce him. Col. (after Major General) Morgan upon the fame
pretences, with Col. Whally, &c. went out of Yorkshire to Scotland, and joyned
with the General, as he had received an invitation from him by a private
Meſſenger, and did mainly aſſiſt in this ground-work, to the conclufion and
perfection thereof.
Lambert offer~
ed Terms from
the King by the
Lord Hatton.
In the mean while it was refolved by the Officers here, for fear of the worſt,
and to be ready againſt all accidents, if no good could be done by this fair way
of Meffage, to fend down Lambert with moſt of the Army Northwards, and
there in that poſture to expect the iſſue; and he very willingly (it being his own
advice) undertook it, having refuſed and declined thofe tenders and offers,
which particularly my Lord Hatton made to him in the name of the King; If
be would now at last mind his own good, and the Kingdoms; in returning to his Alle-
giance, and convert bis defigns for himself, to the fervice of his Soveraign in his
Reftitution: the faid Lord further affuring him, that if he did it not, it would be
prefently done without him, beyond bis power. of remedying it and that therefore
he should not let ſlip ſuch an opportunity of raiſing himſelf and his poſterity. But
he replying upon the Army-Intereft (which if it could have been cemented with
money, would have cauſed a hazardous oppofition to any other) and the Ana-
baptiſt-party (now very numerous, and at this time uppermott) for that had its
turn too as well as Presbytery and Independency,but fwayed not fo long (all the ke Presbyte
Anabaptift
other Sects centring here; for now was the time of the fulneſs, and viſible ry bath its
power of Sion, as it was counted by thefe People) refolved to proceed on this turn.
Expedition; and if fortune favoured him there, he feared no other Enemy to his
ambition. On the Third of November, a very ominous day, as it was obſerved,
by reaſon the Long-Parliament-fate down that day in One thouſand fix hun-
dred and forty, he departed from London by Ware-road, and haftned to New-
caftle, juft as Col. Barrow was returned from Ireland, with the ſuppoſed acquie-
fcence of that Kingdome in this change; Tomlinson, John Jones and Corbet,who
were then the Governours and Commiffioners declaring as much, but Sir Charles
Coot, Six Hardrefs Waller upon different grounds, and his party combined againſt
it. There was a project to get the City to write to General Monke for a good
Underſtanding, where Mafter (now Sir) William Wild very opportunely for the sir William
Times, he being a moft knowing and upright Gentleman, was chofen Recorder Wild choſe Re-
in place of young Mafter Green deceaſed.
General Monke removed the Officers he had fecured in Timptallon-Caftle to
corder of Lon-
don.
;
the
1
1
M
432
Doctor Clargis
fent to the Gen.
in Scotland,
Novemb.
Moncks
Commiffiouers
agree, to no
purpoſe, No-
vemb.
General
mands.
his
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III.
the Baffe-Iſland, out of all way of Communication, and fent Major Knight ( of
own Regiment of Horfe) with five Troops as far as Morpeth in Northumber-
land; and upon notice of the readiness of Lambert,drew out more Southwards
for a Bravado, to let them fee how refolved and prepared their General was,
and departed.
In the fame inftant Col. Talbot and Mr. Thomas Clargis his Excellencies Bro-
ther-in-law were ſent with another Complement from hence to ingratiate with
the General and now he is pleaſed (though he had refuſed Goff and Whally
(Regicides) and Caryl their Prieft, whofe perfon he yét outwardly liked) to ac-
cept of a Treaty, and Col. Wilks, Lieutenant-Col. Clobery, and Major Knight
were appointed his Commiffiomers to go for London to Treat with Three more;
and in the mean while his Forces fhould not ftir further Southwards. Thefe
upon their journey Lambert met with; and hoping their Errand would end in
an acquiefcence as they promised, did acquiefce himfelf, and await the fffue,
which upon the arrival of them at London came to a speedy refult (though
Three Kingdoms were the fubject of this Treaty) betwixt Six unlearned men;
and like a happy Revelation was cryed about the Streets the next morning:
the' Heads were theſe.
Novemb. 16. They were propofed, the Seventeenth concluded, viz. The
Family of the King utterly to be excluded, a Free-State Setled, the Ministry and
Universities encouraged, the Generals Officers impriſoned, to be released, and a gene-
ral Indemnity of the Parliament-party, and the Armies to retire prefently inta
Quarters, and Three Army-Officers of each Kingdome,and a general Council of them,
with ten Sea-Officers, and I know not what Embryo, to meet on the Sixth of De-
cember at Whitehall, and to conclude as Vane had codled it: about which time.
Captain Robinſons's and Captain Deans's Troops deferted him,Robinſon bringing
his Troop away with him, his Brother being then Clerk of the Committee of
Safety, and allied, by Marriage of a Daughter, to Sir Nicholas Grifpe.
But the General was intent upon another more taking Affembly at home, ha-
ving iffued out Writs by his own Pretept and Authority for convening fome of
the Nobles, and two for every County of Scotland (while as yet he lay in the
Confines of England with fome part of his Army, from which parts he fent
away a Letter by Col. Markham and Atkins to the City of London, of the Te-
nour of the former intercepted to Devonshire which being read at a Common-
Hall, was by all means endeavoured to be blafted as fictitious, and the Meffen-
gers impriſoned.
To
The Scotch Convention met the General according to his Summons, at
Monke calls a Edenburgh, where he propounded to them; First, The fecurity of the Peace in his
Scotch Conven- abfences, which,he faid, He was contrained to,in defence of the Parliament, and
tains his de- our Laws (in general.terms.) Secondly, That they would Affift him if any Trou-
bles should arife. And Thirdly, That they would raise him fome money.
this they readily anſwered, (being Oracled,) That as to the firft, they had no
Arms, and therefore were in no condition nor capacity to provide against any Infur-
rections, but would endeavour. Secondly, That it could not be expected, nor were
it reaſonable for them to intereft themselves in a War, which if profperous, had no
afſurance of advantage; if unhappy, would be farther ruinous to them. Thirdly,
That as to moneys, they were exhausted already; but yet confiding in his Noble and
Honourable defign, they would raise him a Twelve Moneths Affeffement, which
amounted to Sixty thousand pounds; and the Revenues of the Excife and Customes
befides.
The Earl of
Glencarn
Chair-man to
that Conventi-
on.
The Earl of Glencarn had the Chair here, one of the General's Privadoes,
a former Eminent Royallift, and at prefent deem'd a moderate man; having
in all things complyed with the General's Orders. This is one of the Cur-
tain-ftories which cannot be pryed into as yet, as are the other abftrufe contri-
vancès of the Kings Reftitution; it is fufficient to mind the Reader, that fome
great Providence was at hand, when a revengeful and moſt deſperate Enemy
gratified his Conquerour by the opening of his Heart and his Hands, inſtead
of
}
!
1559.
431
England, Scotland and Ireland.
of ftriving with this advantage, and arming himself to the recovery of that
Peoples Liberty.
The Committee of Safety (for all Vane's curious Modules) liked not themſelves
in this their Government, but to free themſelves by a Proclamation, declared
their refolution for another Parliament, and that they were upon qualifications,
and fummoning one speedily. One Barret fent out of Ireland with a Letter to
Gen. Monke from the Army-party there, was likewife imprifoned: all the whole
Force in Scotland were now together; to wit,the Generals Regiments, Wilks's,
Talbot's, Fairfax's, Pearson's,Read's, Smith's,and Sawrey's of Foot; and His own
Col. Twifleton's, Morgan's, and Saunders's of Horfe (the latter of whom was
detained in a kind of reftraint at Coventry) nevertheleſs the General pretended
ftill to an Agreement, and therefore declaring not himſelf fully fatisfied,
defired the addition of two more Commiffioners to treat with his other three
at Newcastle, with five more of Wallingford-boufe; the chief of whom was
Col. Clerk, who came poſt to Newcastle; where having conferred, the General
fends for his Commiflioners, to be fully informed of the tranfaction before he
ratified it, becauſe of the late miftake of his Commiffioners at London; and upon
their arrival, clapt up Col. Wilks for exceeding his Inftructions. The General
was now at Berwick, whence he fent Letters to Fleetwood, affuring him, that
in all this difference there, he had no perfonal quarrel against him, but could
return into a molt firm friendship with him.
But now his temporizing came to an end: for Hazelrig, Morley, Walton, Portsmouth
(Col. Norton was then alfo prefent) got into Portſmouth; and Whetham the Go-feized by Ha-
zelrig, Decem
vernour (formerly of the Generals Council in Scotland) fiding with them, they ber 4
preſently feized upon fuch Officers as were thought to favour the Wallingfordi-
ans, of which were Captain Brown, and Captain Peacock, and declared for the
Paftiament; which coming to the Ears of the Council of Officers, they preſent-
ly ordered Major Cadwel with a Party of Horfe to block them up, who accor-
dingly came to Gofpur on the other fide the water; and Riches and Berries
Troops were fent to joyn with him, who inftead thereof, being inveagled by
Col. Unton Crook and Major Bremen, marched into Portſmouth, and joyned with
Hazelrig.
London about
a Free-Parlia-
ment,Decemb.
Then began the Tumults in London, and inſtant applications were made to Tumults in
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen to declare againſt both Army and Rump, the laſt
of whom was moft abhorred, and cryed out againtt with the general voice, of
No Rump; and a Petition for a Free-Parliament, as the only way to preferve throughout.
the City and Kingdome, was preferred for Hands; which the Committee of
Safety under high Penalties forbid: but no regard being had to them, nor no
application of any perfon to them,but their own Army-folk(fave that Sir George
Booth obtained his Liberty upon Bail, from them, becauſe of indifpofition, and
for recovery of his health in better Ayr) the faid Petitions were carried on,
and high things refolved on; Shops being thut up,and the Publick only minded,
people running in cluſters in the middle of the Street, and hearing and telling
of News, and threatning or expecting (as news came) nothing but De-
itruction.
Theſe things being pofted to Wallingford-house, Colonel Hewfon with his Hewſon Mat-
Regiment was ordered to march into the City, and quell thefe Tumults and up- cheth with Ter-
roars; who accordingly came ftrutting in, and feeing fome gatherings of Ap- rour into Lon-
prentices and others, having commanded them to be gone, bid his Mufquetiers
fire, who killed two men about the Exchange: Horfe and Foot were allo quar-
tered in the Streets, and round about the City.
don.
Lambert feeing no good was to be expected by this Treaty, his Meffenger Lambert
Col.Zanchy being fecured at Berwick, advanced to Perith, having almoft ſpoiled would Fight,
and wafted the Country about Newcastle, with his numerous (and indeed gallant)
Army; for he had the flower of it with him, both for Horfe and Men: mo-
ney was wanting, and could not be had; ſo that free-quarter, on which he was
forced to fublift (having almott undone himſelf, to ſupply his incident neceffities
LII
of
婴
​434
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
$
1
of the Expedition,) made him not only odious, but difheartned his men;
which to remedy, he concluded to March forward; and fo came to Perith, in-
tending to Fight.
Nothing in the interim, but fears, rage,defperation,revenge, private and pub-
lick confultations about the redrefs of thefe mifchiefs, filled the City of London;
and nothing but a Free Parliament could be thought of as a fit expedient:
which, the Committee of Safety found it high time to perfonate; being already
certain, that Portsmouth-itory would poil all: and therefore to prevent the
A Free-Parli Rump, Proclaimed, December 15. a Free-Parliament to fit down the Twenty
ament noifed as fourth of January, upon fundry qualifications, which were to be formed out of
the only expe- thefe Seven Fundamentals: 1. No King. 2. No fingle Perfon. 3. The Army
to be continued. 4. Liberty of Confcience. 5. No House of Peers. 6. Legifla-
tive and Executive Power distinct. 7. Both Aſſemblies of the Parliament and
Council of State to be chofen by the Peoples which was the Co-ordinate Senate
of Sir Henry Vane's Fiction, of which he was defperate in love, with Narciſſus,
unto his death.
dient.
Theſe made the Commonalty worfe mad than before, and made them more
the fcorn, than the fear of the People; which to leffen alfo, Lawſon declares for
the Parliament, and came up with his Fleet into the River; and the Portsmouth-
blades began to ftir; ſo that Wallingford houſe began to look thin. Sir Henry
Vane and Salway how foever undertook to cajole Lawfon; but Mr. Scot'met
them on Board the faid Vice- Admiral (where the righteoutnefs of thefe Actions
was difputed) and ſpoiled their Garne. Another Cavalier-Plot was diſcovered;
'Major General which was the likelieft of all to take, being laid in the City, and under the
Conduct of Major-General Brown; fome part of the Forces being in Arms the
Night appointed; but it was difcovered, and divers Gentlemen and Horfe ta-
ken at the White-Horfe by More-gate. I fhould mention alfo a Plot upon the
Tower, by Scot and Okey for the Rump, &c. but it taking no effect, I pass it.
But the Reader will be weary of thefe traverſes, and therefore to the
Brown in a
new Defign.
mit.
event.
Wallingford- Things being thus brought about by the activity of fome Rumpers, and
Houle broke up, the Army not likely to receive a penny pay more, as full information was given
and Army Jub- the Souldiery, the Wallingford people broke up Houfe; and the Officers and
Army in Town prefently fubmitted to the Speaker; Rendezvouzing firſt in
Lincolns-inne-fields, where they were headed by Col. Okey and Col. Alured ;
and thence they Marched down Chancery-lane through Holborn, where the Spea-
ker was come down to the dore of the Rolls, and there the Officers made their
obeyfance, and expreffed their joy, and cheerfully returned to their duty; which
done, the Speaker with Sir Anthony Aſhly Cooper, &c. took Coach and went to
the Tower, where they were likewife admitted, and had the Keys delivered by
Lieutenant-Colonel Miller; and the ſaid Sir Anthony, Mr. Weaver, and Jofiah
Berners left by the faid Speaker as Lieutenant-Commiffioners in that place:
This happened on the 24 of December.
Lord Fairfax
Lambert.
Desborough's Regiment of Horfe (fent out of the North to affiſt againſt
Arms against Portsmouth, and to countenance the Wallingfordians) ftayed at Saint Albans,
and concluded on ſubmiſſion, as did their Clown or Colonel, while in the mean
time Col.Salmon was fent away by the Officers here, to give Lambert an account
of this turn, upon whofe back the County of Tork was rifen; the Lord Fairfax
with a great party of Horfe being then in York, whither Col. Lilburn came
and joyned with him: the Irish Brigades alfo marched off in difcontent, fo
that there needed not any Order of Parliament for Lambert to lay down his
Lambert de Arms and be quiet; for as foon as Salmon came, the mighty defign was crawl'd
Jerted.
into an Inne, and a Pot-Confultation held how to come off, not with Honour,
but with Safety; and the next News heard of him, was, that he was feen at
Northallerton, with about Fifty Horſe, and no more, of all his great Army.
And thus was Richard Cromwel's depofition revenged by Lambert's juſt de-
fertion's and the Rump victorious, returned again to their old Houfe at
Westminster,
A
1659.
435
England, Scotland and Ireland.
}
Westminster, with fuch proud furly looks, as made the Red-coats themſelves to
quake.
25.
The 26. of Decemb. at Night, they got Poffeffion again; and Voted feveral The Rump re-
Orders, eſpecially about the Souldiery and becauſe Sir Arthur and Morley, the feated. Dec.
former Commiffioners, were not prefent, they Conftituted new ones, viz.
Mr. Alexander Popham, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, Scot, Okey, Thompson, Mark
ham, and Allured; giving them power to fupprefs Infurrections, of which they
were much in danger. However, the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen had
filled the clamours and Petitions for a Free-Parliament (for they scorned to
ask the Rump's confent) with a promiſe it ſhould be effected: for notwith-
ftanding the Rump fate, which was thought by the Vulgar the only thing in-
tended after all this ftir (for they did prank it like the Flie on the Wheel (in the
Fable) who gloried that he raised the duft) the Mayor and Court of Aldermen The city fent
fent away their Sword-bearer to the General with Letters of Cachet, which came their Sword-
bearer to the
fafe to his Hands, and were with all affection and civility received, and an- Gen.
ſwered in time to the purpoſe. In Ireland, Sir Theophilus Jones and Col. War-
ren feize Dublin-castle; and after, Ludlow,Corbet, Tomlinson,and John Jones were
fummoned into England, to anſwer an Impeachment of Sir Charles Coot againſt
them. A new Council of State was appointed; and all what General Monck
had done in difplacing Officers, and carrying on the Service, was approved of,
and thanks ordered him; and Hazelrig being come to Town, and lighting at Hazelrig
the Palace-yard in Triumph, at the Head of Thirty Troops of Horfe, was thanked, &C.
thanked likewife moft folemnly, as was Rich alfo in the Houfe, and as much had
Col. Henry Ingoldsby for his Relation of the taking of Windsor-castle.
The next work was, to make ſure of the City of London, and ſo to borrow
ſome money, (for all the revenues of the Good Old Cauſe were not worth one
farthing, beſides Exciſe and Cuſtomes ;) and therefore a Conference was held
at Whitehall, Sir Arthur being the chief of the Committee of the Rump: but
the one would not endure to hear of lending of money to pay their Enemies;
nor would the other hear of a Free-Parliament. In the mean time, the Gene-
ral fignified to the Houſe, that becauſe he ſuppoſed them not yet free enough,
he would with his Army come to London: (his Souldiers were then very full of
money by the Scotch advance, and fome Thouſands of pounds from London;
which made them willing to undergo that hard duty (the neceffity of guarding
themfelves from furprize and treachery had put them upon.) Upon Receipt
General Monk
of this Letter, they Vote him a Thouſand pounds a year; and that he
fignifies bis in-
be defired to come to London; and a hundred thanks again: and this News tentions of com-
kept them from proceeding feverely againſt Lambert; upon whom they had an ing toLondon.
eye, to oppofe him against the General, if he fhould Army-mafter them: they
diſcharged Sir Henry Vane of his Membership; as likewife they did Saloway,
and committed him to the Tower, for their Committee of Safety project. All
the Officers in Lamberts Combination, were commanded to their respective
Houſes in the Country; and Vane to his at Raby, in Durham. Biſhoprick; and
Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper conftituted a Col, of Horfe in very good time!
Sir Henry Vanes's Phanaticks of the Three Regiments were diſarmed, and their
Arms ordered to be carried into the Tower; and new Commiffions to the Offi-
cers in England; when news came of ſeveral ſtirs and commotions in Gloucester-
fhire, Devonshire, and Cornwal, about a Free-Parliament. I omitted, that the
Officers here in London ſubmitted, upon a promiſe of Indemnity, which was
Paffed by a Vote, with this condition, That they return to their duty by the
ninth of January; and Captain Chillingham was fent with this Order to Lam- Scot fent to
bert. But becaufe of the frequency of thefe Commotions, and that matter of mett bim.
Fact will fufficiently. fhew this Tranfaction of the General with the feveral
Counties, and the Commiffioners of the Rump, Scot and Robinſon, appointed
to wait on him, meerly to lift out, and difcover his intentions: I will give the
Reader a bare Journal of the Affairs as they paffed.
But before I proceed, the Reader is to take notice, That our Soveraign having
LII 2
been
Robinson and
4
胄
​436
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III.
been highly treated at his return from St. Jean de Luz, at Paris, by the Duke
The King re- of Orleans, and regarded now as the Monarch of great Britain, (ſuch aſſured
turas in State, confidence there was of his Reftitution;) paffed in great State publiquely to
and with great
Bruffels, where His return was no lefs magnificently welcomed, and there
Reception to
Bruffels
abode till the diffolution of this Parliament, the Rump, which now, as their
laft Engine (and dying Efforts are moft vigorous) against Monarchy, and its
fortress of Loyalty, had under their confideration an Act for Renuntiation and
Abjuration of the Title and Right of the King, and the whole Line of King
Abjuration of James. Oliver had proceeded to the difanulling it; this, to the damning of
the King in the Nation, who had fworn to maintain it. But rather than fink, as they
tended by the plainly faw the King would at laft be too hard for them, by the late Commoti-
Rump.
Lady Monck
arrives at
White-hall.
Dus view.
ons and Infurrections in his behalf; therefore they bethought themſelves of
this Italian revenge, to ruine the Bodies and Souls together of their Enemies:
this was afterwards profecuted while the General was among them; and a
Petition delivered by Barebones, and other Good-Old-Caufe-men, and Fanaticks,
and they moſt abominably thanked for this their love and care of the Common-
wealth. At the fame time Sir John Roll, and other Devonshire Gentlemen, litt-
ed and engaged all that Country upon the account of a Free-Parliament; ac-
cording to the Cabal betwixt the General and him, Mr. Morrice now Secretary,
and others. And this ftrength the General relyed on, upon all events, as his
own Country-men; and doubtless this refolution of that County was of very
great influence in the enfuing Affairs.
Scot and Robinſon were fent to cajole the General with another Letter of
thanks to him; as alſo another was fent to Major-General Morgan ; Col. Syden◄
ham a Member of the Committee of Safety, and of Oliver Cromwels's Council,
diſcharged the Houfe. A tumult at Exeter about a Free-Parliament; Com-
miffioners and Judges appointed for the feveral Courts. Alderman Fouk, Vin-
cent, and Colonel Bromfield, ordered by the City to meet and congratulate the
General. The General at Nottingham, came out a Declaration of the Parliament
againſt Kingſhip, but not a word of Diffolving themſelves, or filling up the
Houſe.Sir Robert Pye,and Major Fincher, for tendring a Declaration of the Coun-
ty of Berkſhire for a Free-Parliament, were committed to the Tower ; which for-
ed a Vote for Qualifications,&c. The Lady Monck arrived at White-ball, the Mi-
nerva and great Patronefs of this grand defign.
General Monck arrived at Leiceſter, and was met there by Scot and Robinſon,
who fent the Parliament a copy of his Letter to the Devonshire Gentlemen:
great feeming kindneſs paft between them. An Act paffed the Houſe, being a
Bill of Affefiment of One hundred thousand pounds a Moneth,for fix Moneths,
The brief rela- throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland: they had made it at first for
tion of the turn Twelve; but it paffed at latt for Six. At Harborough the General was met
and change by
Gen. Monck,
with the London Commiffioners, to whom he ſpeaks tair: the High Sheriff of
in its feries Northamptonshire, and the Major of the Town, congratulate him, The Lord
and compendi- Falkland came thither alſo with the Oxfordshire Addreſs for a Free-Parliament,
attended by the Gentry of that County, and had a fair reception: at Stony
Stratford the Gentlemen of Bucks: the like at Dunſtable; and at St. Albans he
received more of the fame nature from the County of Norfolk, by the hands of
the Lord Kichardson, and Sir Horatio Townsend, and other places: to which
he anſwered ambiguouſly and fairly, giving them all civil and moſt obliging
Reception; even to the Apprentices of London, who came thither with a
Petition of the fame nature; the General parting with the expreffions of his
care and endeavour for their and the Cities good, and was uncovered all the
while. Thence he defired the Parliament, that the Army in Town, for fear of
Infection, be diftributed into the Country, to make room for his own Forces :
about which, Tumults arofe in the Guards at St. Pauls; and more pertinaci-
ouſly at Somerſet-house; which cauſed the General, being invited alfo by the
Rump, to make extraordinary haft thither. Several Reports made to the
Houſe, concerning Qualifications and Elections. On the fecond of February
he
|
1659.
437
England, Scotland and Ireland.
3
he Rendezvouſed that morning at Finckly-heath, where he drew up his Army,
having marched from Barnet ; and by St. Johns-street and Holborn, down Chan- Gen. Monck
cery-lane, came with his Army into the Strand, where at Somerset-houſe he was
at London,
met by the Speaker. They faluted each other with the Title of Lord-Gene-
ral: The General afterwards waited on him to his Coach, and then to refreſh;
but he refuſed White-ball for his Quarters. Next day after he was conducted
to his audience at the Houfe, where he had a Speech made to him by the Spea-
ker,being a thankful Commemoration of his fervices; to which he modeftly re-
plied, refufing to fit in the Chair placed for him by their order, declining all the
praiſes given him (as he never intended any fervice for them) but defiring them
to be very tender of the Gentry of this Kingdom, (which would prove their
Interelt and of Oaths and Engagements, &c. fo was with great respects re-
conducted and attended to his Lodging, where he continued in good intelli-
gence with them, till their politick Revenge put him upon this Adventure to
make a Feud between him and the City: for the City retufing to pay the mo-
ney affeſſed upon them by the late Act of 100000l. per menfem, the Rump order
the Gates and Portcullices to be pulled down by the General, and feveral Citi-
zens to be apprehended, viz. Sir William Vincent, Sir Thoms Bludworth, Sıx
Laurence Bromfield, Sir Richard Ford, Major Cox, Mr. Penning, Lieutenant-co- Feb. 9,
lonel Jackson, Mr. Spencer, Major Chamberlain, and Mr. Brown a Grocer in
Wood-street, and fent to the Tower, which the General performed. They like-
wife ordered the difcontinuance of the Common Council for that year, and
proceeded to nominate another,and to fettle a new Militia. The Gates were ac-
cordingly pulled down, the thumps of the Hammers even piercing the hearts of
the Citizens. Such an affront and revenge never any of our Princes in his
greateſt rage did to this place, where likewife the Army was perforce Quar-
tered.
Gates and
Portcullices
pulied d. 1974
But after the pulling down of the Gates, the General fent a Letter to the
Parliament, acquainting them how grievous and diſtaittul the action was to his
nature, intimating alfo the great. Merit of the City towards them throughout
the War; and on Friday, after feveral Conferences managed before him by tome
of the fecluded Members and City, and others of the Rump, (He pretending
his defire of fatisfaction for their Exclufion, of the evidence of danger of their
readmiſſion, which the Rump were now unarmed to difpute, his Commiſſion
from them as Commiffioner for governing the Army being then alfo expired )
( and the publication of a Petition fubfcribed by Barebone's and others to abjure
the King) as afterwards with the Mayor and Court of Aldermen at Guild ball,
who used their endeavours with him in the bufinefs; he marched out of the
City with his Army to their Quarters; and on Saturday ſent another Letter to
the Parliament, wherein he laid open the dangerous défignes countenanced by
themſelves in conniving at Lambert, particularly the butinefs of Barebone's Pe-
tition, fetting forth that there had been Oaths too many already; (and as be- The General
fore) in the afternoon he Rendezvoufed in Finsbury-fields, and from thence mar- rendez voused
ched into London, where he and his Army were joyfully entertained, declaring in Finfbury
himſelf for the City and a free Parliament. Towards evening,the City rung every clares for a free
fields,ana de-
where with the news of it, with fuch Acclamations, and ſhone with fo many Parliament
Bonfires, (where they burnt and roafted all manner of Rumps in deteftation of and city, Feb:
the Juncto then fitting) that it ſeemed a Theatre of mad & extafied people; nor 9. Bonfires and
is it poffible any expreffions of it should reach the fenfe and belief of Pofterity that night.
Rumps roasted
Money being thrown among the Souldiers, as if now there would be no more
occalion for it, but that the Golden Age ſwiftly approached: The Speaker at
his return from the Houfe being in danger of his life. Innumerable the Ballads
and Ribaldry made of this Rump.
The General continued in London, and difarmed moft of thofe Phanatick
perfons who had been lifted by the Committee of Safety; and notwithstanding
the Order of the Rump, yet kept their Arms. The aforefaid Conferences were
yet held, and the General affifted at the debates between fome of the Members
fitting
T
!
438
Part III.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
fitting, and thoſe that were excluded in 1648, in order to fome compofure; ha-
ving promiſed to ſtand by the City in the attainment of ſuch a ſettlement as
fhould fecure the Nation. Thefe conferences coming to no Iffue, and the Rump
having at laſt finiſhed their Qualifications, fo rigid and unreaſonable, that no
good or fair meaning appeared in them, as he modeftly and fairly told them;
He came with his Army into Weftminſter, and parts adjacent; and having that
morning convened the aforefaid fecluded Members at White ball, went with
them to the Houfe of Commons, and fee them fafely fit in Parliament; who
preſently vacated many Orders made by the aforesaid Remnant in 1648, in re-
Secluded Mem- ference to the Death of the King, and their own forcible feclufion; as alſo all
bers restored, Votes lately made by them, touching new Menibers to be elected to fit and ferve
in Parliament: alfo all Orders referring to Sir George Booth's bufinefs, and all
Impriſonments, and Sequeftrations thereupon. Next,they conftituted the Ge-
neral, Captain and Commander in chief of all the Forces of England, Scotland,
and Ireland, difcharged all Prifoners upon the account of a Free Parliament,
and fufpended the Power of the Council of State, till they had erected a new one,
of which the General was made one.
Feb. 21.
Sir Charles
Coot wondera
Ireland.
They likewiſe ordered the Gates and Portcullifes of the City of Loudon to
be repaired and fet up at the publick charge; more efpecially,care was taken by
them for fecuring the Militia into honeft and faithful hands, both in London and
the reſpective Counties. The difpatch of the aforefaid Affeffment was alſo re-
commended to the Commiffioners, and a great advance of money lent by the
City for the preſent occafions; their promptness now, overmatching the Force
before.
Sir Charles Coot declares for a Free-Parliament, by the re-admiffion of the ſe-
fully reduceth cluded Members, and thereupon poffeffed himself of Dublin-caſtle, (having
first of all furprized Galloway from Colonel Sadler in this manner: He invited
him and his Officers, all Anabaptifis, to his houfe.over the water, to be merry;
which doing, Sir Charles pretended a defire of drinking a glaſs of Wine in
Galloway privately with Sadler: fo they two fecretly took Boat, with each a fer-
vant; and being on the other ſhore, Sir Charles faid, Colonel Sadler, I am re-
folved for a Free-Parliament, and to have this Garrison: you have a Sword about
you's draw and fight, or elſe engage your honour you will make no diſturbance in the
Town upon our admiffion, and my Declaration to which, Sadler amazed and
troubled,anſwered, He would acquiefce. Whereupon he cauſed the Gate to be
opened; and Sir Charles having declared himſelf, the Souldiers cried out, A Coot,
a Coot, and a Free-Parliament: Whereupon, nevertheless, he fecured and-kept
him prifoner, as he did Sir Hardr. Waller at Dublin aforefaid: and immediately
all Ireland declared themfelves fatisfied in this moft happy Change, offering
their lives and fortunes in the maintenance and defence of the Parliament to be
now affembled.
Rich his Regi-
Some Phanatick Troops of Rich's Horfe rendezvouſed at Bury in Suffolk,
ment mutiny. where they began to mutiny: but Colonel Ingoldsby and Captain Philip How-
ard (Captain of the Life-guard) being fent againit them, they prefently were
quieted, and received their old Colonel Ingoldsby tor their Commander: where-
upon a Proclamation iffued for the better regulating the Army, and keeping it
in obedience; requiring all Officers and Souldiers immediately to depart to
their feveral Quarters, and not remove without the Generals order or licenſe in
that behalf.
+
This made the Army fenfible of that duty the Parliament expected from
them: whereupon they, (one Regiment after another) prefented their Addreffes
to the General, owning and congratulating his happy management of the
The City Feaft Affairs of the Kingdome. Nor indeed was ever any man fo defervedly courted:
but especially the City fhewed themfelves most affectionate admirers of thoſe
great Services he had done his Country; moſt of the Twelve Companies ha-
ving invited him fucceffively to their Halls, where he was feafted with all fump-
tuous Magnificence, love or charge could fhow and afford.
the General.
The
|
1659.
439
England, Scotland and Ireland,
1
!
The Parliament had no lefs refentments of his glorious undertakings: for
beſides the Generalate they fetled upon him the Stewardship of the Mannor of
Hampton-court, to preferve, not ufurp and poffefs that Royal Manfion. Seve-
ral Prifoners of the Phanatique-Party, nothing being charged againſt them,
were freed by the General, who was now allo conftituted one of the Generals
at Sea; and Col. Montague now Earl of Sandwich the other. The Scotch Made Gen. 4t
Lords who were taken Prifoners at Worcester, and had been long fecured in Sea with Mon-
Windfor-Castle, were now, by order of Parliament releafed; that Nation un- tague.
der Major General Morgan quietly awaiting the iffue of the Affairs in Eng-
land.
The Presbyterian-party were now very bufie to have their Profeffion Eftabliſh- Presbytery ten-
ed by Act of Parliament; and therefore a Confeffion of Faith was tendred to dring an Efte
the House, which having been feven times read, was paffed, and ordered to be blishment.
Printed; and likewife the Solemn League and Covenant was alſo ordered to
be reprinted, and read in all Churches once in every year, and to be ſet up
in the Parliament-houfe: but it foon after found a different entertainment. The
Parliament refolved during their Seffion, which thould continue no longer than
the end of March, to proceed only with matters of Religion, the Militia,Qua-
lifications and Writs for Elections; and in the interim, endeavours were uſed,
more especially at Hull by Major Gen. Overton, to debauch part of the Army at
York; and the fame tricks alſo at Chester with the Irish. Brigades, but were De-
feated, and came to nothing. Therefore Col. Lambert refuſing to put in fecu-
rity of Twenty thousand pounds, was now at lalt Committed to the Tower,
to prevent any future danger from the unfatisfied part of the Souldiery. About
this time died Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden.
The Engagement made by the remnant of the Parliament, Viz. I do declare
and promife, that I will be true and faithful, &c. was now ordered to be ex-
punged out of the Journal-book of the Houfe of Commons: which made the
Phanaticks begin to fear their unjuft Poffeffions. Hull was now delivered to
Col. Fairfax, according to the Generals Order. The Infcription under the
Statue of King Charles the firft, in the Exchange London, Exit Tyrannus, was
expunged and blotted out by a private hand.
The Engage=
m.nt annulled's
According to, the Parliament refolves to Diffolve themſelves; and being writs for d
preffed by the General, whoſe well-governed impatience of the Kings return Free-Parlia
permitted not the leatt delay in that dangerous place; Writs were ordered to ment.
be iffued out for the Election of Members in the enfuing Parliament,in the name
of The Keepers of the Liberty of England, by Authority of Parliament; and the
Bill of their Diffolution being read and paffed, leaving a power in the Council liament Diffol
The Long-Par-
of State, in the interval of Parliament, to govern the Nations, they broke up: ved, Marc.23.
and fo this long-latting Parliament, which hath done and fuffered fo many
ftrange things, came with fair expectations to a peaceable conclufion; but fhall
never want the Elegies, and the doleful complaints of the three Kingdoms.
The Parliament being thus Diffolved, the firft thing the Council of State Agitating for
acted, was the emitting of a Proclamation, forbidding all Perfons whatſoever bid.
to make applications to any of the Officers and Souldiers in the Army, in the
way of Agitating, declaring that pernitious courfe was the ruine of the King
and Kingdome, in the years 1647, and 48. This actuated with a diligent
eye upon fome fufpected perfons, and fecuring of others, happily retained the
Army in their duty and obedience, to the bringing about his Majefties Reftitu-
tion; which was every day more viſible.
The Council of State were hammering a Proclamation, requiring fuch
qua-
lifications as were intended by Parliament for the Election of Members to be
ftrictly obſerved, whereby Cavaliers were to be excluded; but there were enow
Royallifts befides, to do that great and happy work, which was foon after ac-
complisht; and yet in the mean while made Addreffes to the King, fome Let-
ters paffing from them to him, being unhappily delayed by the death of Mr. An
nefley, Brother to the now Earl of Anglefey, who was drowned as he was taking
Boat
$
}
2
440
Elections for
liament.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part III.
Boat to proceed in his Voyage for the delivery of them to the King. Mr.
Barebone and. Mr. Scot figned an Engagement, wherein they promiſed to live
peaceably; but divers others of that Faction, for agitating, and other mifde-
meanors, were fecured, and committed to prifon: the Elections in the interim
went hopefully on, and the Militia was every where well eſtabliſhed.
A Letter was fent by the Council to the Baſſa of Algier, for releaſing the
Lord Inchequeen and his Son, who were lately taken by a Turkish Pirate neer the
Port of Lisbon, and carried to Algier. Colonel Maſſey appeared in Gloucester-
the Free-Par- Shire with an intention to ftand for an Election there: he was ordered to ap-
pear before the Council, which he did, and was afterwards unanimoufly chofen
one of the Burgeffes for that City; as Major-General Brown, who fate with the
fecluded Members before, with the Recorder Sir William Wilde, and Sir John
Robinſon, (with whom the General conftantly converfed in the fufpence of his
declaring himſelf, but was riddled to the Royallifts by the Company he kept )
were Elected for London: both theſe eminent Captains were very active and in-
ftumental in the King's Reftauration.
The City of London emitted a Declaration, wherein they clear themſelves of
the Guilt of the King's Death, and the Crimes of the ufurpation; their Coun-
fels being under a force of a defperate Juncto put upon them: and as a fignet of
the Revolution enfuing, fuffered the fame Tumults to the Reftitution, which
it had fomented and cherished in the beginning of the Wars, to the ruine and
overthrow of the Kingdoms.
St. John ftic-
kles in the
Council of
State for Propo-
fitions and
Terms with the
King
A Convention
iz Ireland.
WE
Anno Dom. 1660.
E begin this mirabilis Annus, the wonderful year of 1660, (which
by the old Philofophical Axiome of twenty years revolution was to
return all things in ftatu quo, to wit, the fame condition) with an occur-
rence of no feeming tendencie or afpect to the product thereof, viz. The
Proclamation from the Council of State, againft Election of any to this Par-
liament that had ferved his Majefty in the late Wars: which proceeded from the
unreconciled Reſults of thofe fecluded Members, who yet retained fome grudge
of their firft Quarrel, and would fain do away the imputation of their unjuft
Arming themselves and the people againſt their Soveraign, by a Vote paſſed
this laſt fitting, wherein they again declared, That the late King began the War
with the two Houses; and this was now for a ſubſequent confirmation of that
fallacious Maxime of the Rebellion. Mr. Saint John that was of this Coun-
cil of State, now opened and diſcovered himſelf in the folution of his former
actions, by his fufpicions and fears of the approaching Revolution. He ftick-
led first for the Qualifications which the Parliament, through the General's
deſigned importunity, had left uneſtabliſhed and undetermined; and that being
thus decreed (though the Gentry found means to Elude this Paper-fcare-crow)
foreſeeing the neceffity and abfolute combination of all things to the King's Re-
turn he laboured to clog that alfo with limitations and conditions; but to
lefs purpoſe than he had ftraightned this Free Convention enfuing, which was
very unlike to prove ſo, if ſuch defignes had taken effect. For to the Honour
and everlafting entire Felicity of this unparallelled Rovolution, and the noble
General's Loyal, and moft generous, and obliging Prudence (beyond all Par-
liamentory Engagements and Terms whatſoever) his Majefties Rights and un-
doubted Prerogative were left and returned to him moft free and inviolate.
>
A Convention was held in Ireland, in nature of a Parliament, till fuch time
as one might be conveniently and rightly called, for to provide for the Peace and
Safety of that Kingdom; from whence the L. Shannon, Sir John Clothworthy,
and Major Afton were fent as Commiffioners to the Council.
During
1660.
441
England, Scotland and Ireland.
J
During the Election of Members, it was wonderful to fee the general chear-
fulneſs that poffeffed the minds and looks of all men, and the no lefs ftupid con-
fternation of the Phanatick party (which term they like wife obtained, from a
Letter of the General's from Scotland a little while before) fo that it was plainly
feen, God had difarmed their fpirits of that violence that had fo long poffeffed
them, even to their perfonating a concurrent Contentment in this ftrange muta-
tion of affairs. Only the vexed Rump, and furious Sir Arthur Hazelrig, were
most outragiously disturbed, by finding themfelves fo out-witted, and to have
made all this fir with Lambert, for no other purpoſe but to undo themſelves:
they recollected now, what Idiots and defperate Fools they were, in rejecting a A Letter (eni
Letter from the King, which was prefented by Henry Nevil, as cafually put into to the Rump by
his hand (and their Voting of it not to be read or opened in the House) full of all the King.
Princely tenderneſs to their monstrous Crimes and Treaſons, which being now
on their part in exorable and unexpiable, but in their deferved puniſhment, they
refolved on another Effay and device, like the Foxes tyed by the Tayls with fire
at them, to offer at another attempt, which though it would not revenge them,
would if it fucceeded indempnate and impunifie them.
For while all things thus feemed to forward and further his Majefties Return
into thefe Kingdoms, an Addrefs being figned by the whole Army, whereim
they vehemently teftified their acquiefcence in whatever the Counfels of the
enfuing Parliament fhould produce, and their abhorrence of former practices.
by intruding into the Government, and interpofing themſelves againſt all Rea
fon and Duty in civil Matters; Colonel Lambert (as the laft dying effort of Lambert é
thofe monftrous Violences which had fo long prevailed against the bars of Law (capes from the
and Authority) broke out from his impriſonment in the Tower; notice where- the Tower,
April 11.
of being given, a Proclamation was fent after him, requiring him to render
himſelf within 24 hours at his utmoft Peril, and prohibiting any to conceal
him declating likewife, that whofoever fhould take him fhould have 100 l.
for his pains. This Eſcape was thought to have been effected by the conni-
vence or permillion of Colonel Morley Lieutenant of the Tower: whereupon
the General fent four Companies of Foot, under Major Nicholas, of whofe
faith he had experience, to command theres and prefently gave order for Forces
to march, in order to the reducing and re-taking of the faid Colonel Lambert ;
to which ſervice, moſt of the Gentry and Nobility in Town prefently offered
themſelves, as alfo in the Country, efpecially in Warwick-fhire under the Lords
Brook and Conway, where the firft intelligence of him was had. He appeared Defeated and
sirft about Tocefter, with a ſmall company of Horfe; from thence to Naseby, taken, Apr.22.
where Major Creed joyned with one hundred more, intending for Edge-hill ;
but within two miles of Daventry, Colonel Ingoldsby, met him augmented to
four Troops,and fome Foot,making neer feven hundred ; (but if he had food
two or three days, would have encreafed to a formidable power, the Phana-
ticks of the Army marching from all parts of the Kingdom to this Rendez-
vouze) one where of was Captain Hafelrig's, who being furprized by Ingoldsby's
Forlorn, promiſed upon his Liberty to bring over his Troop; which accordingly
was done. Upon this,Lambert defired a Parley, thinking ſo to work upon the Lambert pro-
Souldiery; and there offered as a fecurity to all Interefts,the re-admiffion of Ri- pofeth the re-
ftoring of Rich
chard to be Protector: this being waived as a ftale device, and Lambert ſeeing Protector.
Colonel Ingoldsby ready to fall on, and that another Troop was revolted from Lambert dif-
him, he prefèntly betook himfelf to flight, lofing there the name of that Valour mayed and tá-
(efpecially among his enraged Phanaticks) which he had purchaſed through- ken, Apr.22.
out the War; crying out twice, Pray my Lord let me escape; what good will my
life or perpetual imprisonment do you? (he divined well) which, though
nounted on a Barb, being on Plow-lands, he could not effect, but was taken
by Colonel Ingoldsby's own hands: Creed, Axtel, and Cobbet eſcaped, though
parfaed fome miles. Being thus fecured, he was fent up in a Coach to the
Tower, and came by Hide-park on Tuesday, April the 24, the day before the
opening of the Parliament, when the City-forces, exceeding for gallantry and
Mmm
number
442
Part IV.
A Chlonicle of the Civil Wars of
1
A Free-Parli-
ament.
April 22.
number all former fhows, Muftred there before the General, and the Council of
State: the field refounding with the cry of King Charles the fecond.
Now at laft, our Right and defires, fo long contended for, prevailed: for,
April the 25. the Free-Parliament fate down in two Houfes; they met firſt at
Saint Margarets Church, Westminster, where Doctor Reynolds Preached before
them. The Lords chofe the Earl of Manchester for their Speaker; and the
Houſe of Commons Sir Harbottle Grimfton: Mr. Brown Clerk to, the former,
Mr. Jeffop to the latter. I may not omit, that the Lord General was chofen
Knight of his own County of Devon, and alfo by the Univerſity of Cambridge 3
and not above four Rumpers were returned. Scot made a buftle for his new E-
lection at Wickham, againſt Major-Gen.Brown's Eldeſt Son, but food not to it;
for he fled to Bruxels, where he was known, though he relyed on the Protecti-
on of the Spanish-Ambaſſador here formerly; and was taken, and ſent hither
back again not long after.
The first thing of note done by the Parliament, was an appointment of a
Thankſgiving-day to God, for raifing up his Excellency, and other eminent
perfons, and making them inftrumental in delivering the Kingdome from
Thraldom and Mifery; and ordered, that the faid General thould have the ac-
knowledgment and hearty thanks of the Parliament, for the eminent and un-
parallel'd Services done thefe Nations, in freeing them from Slavery: which
was accordingly performed: Thanks alfo were given afterwards to Col. In-
goldsby, for his retaking of Lambert.
Several perfons, Officers of the Army, and other ill-affected people, were
apprehended, and fecured in feveral places, for the ftrengthning and eſtabliſh--
ing the peace and happiness of the Kingdom, fo forwardly and fo happily be-
gun
and advanced; for now at laft we were arrived at the brink, and to the
profpect of our ancient Government, and to the hopeful confirmation of our
Peace, after which we had fo long laboured in vain; and here our Troubles
ceaſe, to whom in this alluding rapture we bid farewel.
Hunc Finem Belli quod res commiſcuit omnes,
Non Gladii, non Saxa dabant, non tela, fed ille
Perfidiæ vindex & tanti fanguinis Ultor,
MONKIUS---- Hic murms abeneus efto.
Thus ends the War which overwhelm'd the State,
Suffering a weaponless and bloodless Fate.
MONK'S conquering Prudence did Revenge and ceafe
Murder and Treafon; HE, our Wall of Peace.
*
1
***
:
E
}
I
A CHRON-
2
1660.
443
A.
CHRONICLE
OF THE
CIVIL WARS
OF
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND.
THE FOURTH PART:
BEING
The Reſtitution.
HE fufpence and ftilnefs which ensued fo many tempeftuous Agitations,
was fo far from becalming the Paffions of Men, and entertaining the Na-
tion in the preſent felicity and acquiefcence of things, as is ufual in the
complacency of fuch unexpected and impatienced bleffings, that it tranf-
ported them at the fame inftant to more vigorous and active Reſolutions
in purſuance of that happy Aufpicium which fo fairly directed to a plena-
ry and compleat Eſtabliſhment.
It was enviouſly freſh in the minds of all Loyal and good men, with what ſcorn and con-
temptuous derifion, the Enemies of the Kingdoms peace, and the brood of the ufurpation,
had mocked at this Revolution,as a moft ridiculous and impoffible thing: withal,it ocurred,
how infolently they had upbraided,and how impiously charactered all former endeavours that
way, which the Wiſdom of God (whofe own time is beft) was pleaſed to diſappoint, (al-
though he thereby made the folly of thofe wretches the more defperately hardened, and the
more calamitous) and to appear at laft himſelf, beyond their contradiction, and the bold
Sophiftry of thofe Gainfayers.
The fame divine Wiſdom had taught the afflicted to humble themſelves,and to rely more
immediately upon his Juftice,than that of their Cauſe,and to wait his retribution, whofe Na-
ture and Effence it is to vindicate Right, and deliver the injured and oppreffed: and there-
fore now was the acceptable time,by this prepared reception of the Mercie, wherein the fole
Glory of the Miracle was vifibly afcribable to himſelfjas to himſelf it mainly and chiefly be-
longed,to reſcue his own Honour & Veracity from the impudent Blafphemies of wicked men,
The Triumphs of Atheiſts had almoft prevailed unto Victory, and braved Heaven with
their ſucceſs, as if it were unconcerned below, and thoſe Affaifs were only at their diſpoſal,
which through ſo many ſhifts and variations had ſtill reverted into the firft hand,and feemed
in meer fondness and play to have but hided from them: but they were now to be convin-
ced, that the Power they had feized and wrefted, could never be aliened from the Crown of
England,to whoſe Reftitution fo many Enforcemnets, both Divine and Humane, were obli-
ged to concur,in this moft happy and prefent Juncture of the Almighty's own appointment.
Indeed the former Difappointments, Defeats,and Difafters, which by irrefiftible Force and
undiſcoverable Treachery had hitherto all along exerciſed the Heroical patience of our
Soveraign, had moft feverely afflicted the Loyalty of many of his Subjects in their Lives
and Eftates, and feemed to threaten the Conftancie of the reft with the like Fate (the
power circulating, like an ill winde, into the fame corner whence our Tempest first arcfe,
which by vulgar conjecture portended its boyfterous duration there,) had fo far indiſpoſed
the minds of men to defire or hope for any thing but a lingring death of the Engliſh Ho-
nour, Freedom and Laws, that it was a preceding Miracle to their Reftauration, that there
was vertue enough left among our felves, to refume and re-engage in that calamitous and
*Mm m 2
deftructive
444
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
The Refiitu-
tion of the
King and
Kingdom.
deftructive Enterprife, or that any fhould be of that unfhaken and noble confidence as to
put himself upon thofe Rocks by which fo many had already perifhed.
But (as in the Jewish fervitude and flavery to the Philiftins, and at the expiration of their
Babyloniſh Captivity, God raiſed up men to be his great and glorious Inftruments,in bring-
ing about thoſe his gracious purpoſes) fo did he infpire and animate fome eminent perfons
of this Nation, now his diſpleaſure was almoſt ceaſed, with Courage and Conduct fuitable to
the Atchievement of our Redemption. Indeed it may be faid, that he cauſed the whole Chain
and Series of his Providence to confpire and combine against this arrogant and moft Rebel-
lious ufurpation; who forgetting that they were the Scourge in Gods hands to chaſtiſe us,
would have his Omnipotence the Sword in theirs to confume us; as they had all along in-
tituled him to their actions and fucceffes.
To this purpoſe did he fo often remove and change their Modules of Government, and
fome of thoſe Leaders and Rulers themſelves,never fuffering them to come to any confiften-
cy; but in the faireft hopes of it,like the Apples of Sodom, caufed it to moulder and perish:
By this means at laft exafperating and clafhing them one against the other, while with impa-
tience and mutual hate, they purſued their Prey, the Eſtates of King and Kingdom; which
the one having feized,the other never left fnarling and baying at his fellow, while the Owner
came in and recovered his right from them both.
Nor were their Divifions much more favourable to this happy Juncture,than was the Re-
conciliation and firm Accord made between the two Crowns of France and Spain, at the
fame time propitious and promifing. The Kings Affairs, as was touched before,being taken
into the concern of the General Peace, and this the quarrelling Grandees here very well
knew but their fewds were fo far advanced, and the blows of their Ruine fell fo thick one
upon the neck of another, that, they durft not take off their eye to bettow a glance, to the
foreſeeing the confequences of that aufpicious Intrigue.
However, it pleaſed the Divine Wiſdom to free us at once from the kindneſs and danger of
Forreign affiftance,and to put this his great Work into the hands of true English men, who a-
lone did operate in this wonderful change;that it might not be imputed to us the moft famous
The renow- Iflanders in the World, that we ftood in need of any thing from abroad; and ordered it fo by
ned Gene- the management of ſuch an Engliſh man, the great Captain, the for-ever-renowned Monck,
ral,the bay that the beginners of our Troubles might fee and be confounded, that as they raiſed Arms a-
ment of the gainft their Soveraign, by the Popularity and Fame of their firit General; fo their laſt (but
Reftitution. far more dear & beloved than he in the heighth of the peoples Lovefick madneſs)ſhould turn
them againſt their own felves, and effect that judgment and vengeance which had been
acted, and thought accompliſhed by Cromwel; and was in the like intentions of Lambert.
A Fate they always feared from fo many Experiences, yet was it not in their power to avoid,
The Duke of for fo was their final overthrow moſt juſtly decreed. The Noble Duke of Ormond, who was
likewiſe another principally concerned in this bleffed Affair, cannot be denied to be an En-
gliſh man, however originally defcended of a moft honourable Iriſh Family, both of them
Heroes extracted from the Loins of Princes; of the latter, this fhall fuffice, the other like a
Tutelary Angel, occurs in every word and line I write.
Ormond
the next.
the great
Agent.
Profentem reddit Linea cuncta Ducem.
Nor was the fuperior Orb or Primum mobile of this great Affair at reft; the King contri-
The King buted as much as any perfon to his Return to his people, by his extraordinary diligence and
wifdom, which improved all advantages and opportunities to the accomplishing of it. He
courted the very worft of his Enemies,in the worst of their condition,to be good,and be ten-
der of themselves; and to prevent his juftice by his Clemency and ſuper-added Munificence,
even when he was as good as fure to effect his Reftitution by inſuperable means, and uncon-
querable hands. To the beft and Loyalift of his Subjects, he fpared no promiſes nor encou
ragements:and though the great unalterable conftancy of his life and word was as firm and
valid Caution as could be of any thing under the Sun,yet did He ftrengthen them with moſt
obliging,and kindeft affurances.Nor did he omit any juft ways or means from abroad,letting
his Subjects fee that he had a hand ready to ftrike and inflict the punishment of the Rebel-
lion,if they delayed his imbraces. In fine, it was an Affair,in which all the faculties and paf-
fions of the Soul, (Love, Fear, Hope, and Joy) were tempered together to a MIRACLE,
by his skilful hand,and art of Government, and wherein Reaſon and Neceflity jumpt toge-
ther, and to which the whole frame of Policie officiouſly humbled and ſubmitted it ſelf, at
this his Majefties mott abfolute and uncontroulable diſpoſal of his Empire.
*
Tibi
محمد
{
}
1660.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Tibi numine ab omni
Codetur, jurilque tui Natura relinquet :
Quis Deus effe velis ubi regaum ponere mundo ?
All the Heavenly powers yield,
And Nature as thy right and choice doth leave:
Where thou wilt reign, what Realms fhall thee receive?
445
1
But befides thoſe of the firft Magnitude,there were Illuftrious perfons,and others that ren- All the
dred themſelves confpicuous by their conjunction in this Revolution: fuch were the Lord Loyal No-
Chancellour, the Earls of Southampton, Oxford, Bristol, S. Albans,& the two Secretaries of State, bility and
Gentry,
the old Earl of Norwich Ld. Goring (a perfon whofe memory is highly ennobled by ſuch grand
Events and Occurrences of State,as the Spaniſh Peace with the Low Countries, which owes
it felf to his Tranfaction and Accommodation)the Earl of Manchester,the noble Earl of Sand-
wich,whofe hand was engaged with his head, and was the excellent General's fecond in this
Affair; the faithful and couragious Lord Aſhly Cooper, who intrepidly engaged himſelf a-
mong the ufurpers,and dreaded not their fpies and quickfighted fagicious difcovery of de-
fignes and intelligence againſt them, which he conftantly managed; the Lord Annefly, now
Earl of Anglesey; Lord Hollis ; Lord Booth of Delamere,who broke the Ice,and endangered his
Life and Fortunes in the Attempt,but was bravely reſcued by his Reſerve, the General, who
came time enough to preſerve him: not to omit the Dii minores, perfons of leffer Rank, but Andof ſome
Eminent in their Qualities, Sir Samuel Moreland, Thurlo's Secretary, and Cromwel's Refident formerly ex-
gaged a-
in Savoy, where he was fet as Intelligencer, which he proved moft punctually to his Majelty, gainst it.
and countermined all the defignes of his Mafters; and by which means the King came to
have intelligence of thoſe difloyal,treacherous,and ingrate perfons formerly of his fide,whom
we have mentioned: (He came to the King at Breda, where his Majetty Knighted him,and
made him a Baronet, and gave him this Teftimony, That he had done him very fignal Ser-
vices for fome years laft paffed.) Neither was Sir George Downing unferviceable to the fame
defigne, in his ſtation,in Holland,as his Majefty's Refpects to him at his coming to the Hague
(with recommendation from the General) did fufficiently declare. To conclude, the whole
Mais of the people had a hand (at the leaft) in it, confpiring the fame purpoſes in their with s
and affections with the effect whereof, in a compendious Narrative, (for the Subject
grows upon me to a bulk) I am next to indulge and pleaſure the Reader.
The King was yet at Bruffels, in a fetled quiet expectation of the fitting down of the Par-
liament; the refults of whofe Counfels were not thought fo quick by the deliberating and
flow Spaniard, (who had allowed the King yearly the fum of 9000l. befides the pay of his
Forces which his Majelty kept there, which money was fince repayed by the King,foon af-
ter his return) and therefore,upon the King's departure from Breda, (upon affurance that the The King
Parliament would not fail of fitting down at the appointed time) he having traverfed to and departs to
fro, back and again to Antwerp, the civil Governour of thefe Countries gave the King from Bruf-
Breda,
his Complement of departure,and honourably conveyed him on his way to the City of An- fels; com-
twerp, the Road to Breda aforefaid; when it was feared by very many,that the flye Spaniard plemented
would have put fome demur or ftay upon him,in his Dominions: He afterwards indeed fent upon his de-
Complement to him,by an Envoy well attended,intreating him to return that way,and to
parture.
take ſhipping at one of the Ports of Flanders, for England; and acquainted him,that for his
greater honour and fatisfaction, he ſhould fee his Souldiers payed as he palled: but the
King civilly refuſed that kind proffer.
the I..Mor-
The King was no fooner come to Breda,the Town and Caſtle whereof belonged to his Ne-
phew the Prince of Aurange, but having notice the Parliament was ready to fit,he diſpatcht Dispatches
away his Letters by Mr.(now made Lord Viſcount) Mordant, (the Lord Goring having been daunt and
fent before to the Council of State and General) and Sir John Greenvil,now Earl of Bath, Sir John
with his Letters to the Parliament in both Houſes reſpectively; to the Lord-General and Ci- Greenvil
which were ſpeedily made publick, and the Town in a kind of extafie for two days toge- from Bre
ther,the Prefs never ceafing to print them, and all perfons having no other thing to do but to His Maje-
read them; the fubftance of which Meffage, with the like Declaration to'the House of Com- ly's Letters
mons,and his gracious Letters encloſed to his Excellencie the Lord General, to be commu-
nicated to the Officers of the Army; with a Letter likewife and Declaration to the Lord
brought.
Mayor, Ålderinen, and Common Council of the City of London, was this: His Majelty Contents of
granted a free and general Pardon to all his Subje&is whatſoever, that ſhall within forty the Decca
days after publication thereof, lay hold upon :bat grace, and by any publick Alt declare their
doing fo, fuch onely accepted as the Parliament (hall think fit to be excepted, which he will con-
firm upon the word of a King. And as to tender Conſciences, none ſhall be called in quetion for
differen
and Decla
ration was ·
ration ;
1
446
Received
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part IV.
differences in opinion,which diſturb not the peace of the Kingdom.For Sales & Purchaſes,he will
refer himſelf in all matters to the determination of Parliaments that be will conſent to an A&t or
Acts of Parliament for paying off and ſatisfying the Arrears of the Army and Navy, and that they
Shall be received into his Majesty's fervice upon as good Pay and Conditions as they then enjoyed.
This gracious Meffage,with the Letter to his Excellencie,and the Declaration, were read in
most boron the Houſe of Commons, with moft extraordinary Ceremony and Reverence, as if fome
rably by the ftrange awe had feized upon the minds of the Parliament; every man at the Speakers na-
Parliament ming of the King riling up and uncovering himſelf, defiring the Letters might be forthwith
read the like allo was done in the Houfe of Lords: In the Houſe of Commons, remark-
able was that of Mr. Luke Robinſon, who being a great Commonwealths-man, first of all
fpoke to the Letters, and acknowledged his conviction.
Nor was this Declaration lefs acceptable to all the people, who were overjoyed with the
news, and the infallible hopes of having their gracious Prince and Soveraign restored to them
Parliament in Peace and Honour. The Parliament reſolved, That they do own and declare, that accor-
reſolves
ding to the Antient and Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom, the Government is, and ought
thereupon. to be,by King, Lords, and Commons. And having a deep ſenſe of the Miſeries and Diftra-
rewarded
with a
500 1.
Jewel.
ctions in which this Kingdom hath been involved fince the violent attempts to diffolve the
Eſtabliſhed Government; the beſt way to make up thoſe breaches, is by all means to obtain
the Reſtoration of the King to his people; and that in order thereunto, a Letter from both
Houſes, (drawn up by a Committee) fhall be fent to the King, giving him thanks for his
gra-
Sir John cious Offers, and profeffing their duty and loyalty to him; and that Sir John Greenvil have
Greenvil the thanks of the Houſe,and 500 1. beſtowed on him by the Commons, to buy him a Jewel,
as a Teſtimony of the refpects of the Houſe to him; and a badge of Honour, which they
thought fit to place upon him: all which was with great folemnity & punctuality performed.
Moreover, to teftifie their hearty obedience to his Majefty, they ordered the fum of 50000l.
as a Preſent for him; which was inftantly borrowed, with 50000l. more, of the City of
The City of London, who having defired leave of the Parliament, returned a like dutiful Anſwer, with a
Prefent alſo to his Majefty, and his two Brothers; having honourably received the Lord Vi-
expreß the fcount Mordant,and the ſaid Sir John Greenvil, who brought them his Majeſty's Letters, who
alſo acknowledged their Quality and good Offices,by 300l. given them to buy them Rings.
Nor were the Souldiery wanting to this concourfe and ftream of general Affection and
the fame. Loyalty to his Majefty; for upon communication of his Majefty's Letters and Declaration,
London
like.
The Army
they quickly drew up an Addrefs to the General, wherein they fhewed their willing and
ready ſubmiſſion,as formerly in all Tranſactions to him their General, ſo in this their perfect
Duty to the King: To whom they doubted not to evince,that his Excellencie,and the Army under
his Command, and thofe engaged in the Parliaments Cauſe, bad complied with the Obligations
for which they were raised: The Prefervation of the Proteftant Religion, the Honour and Hap-
pinels of the King, the Priviledges of Parliament, the Liberty and Proprieties of the Subject,
and the Fundamental Laws of the Land.
The Fleet
This was feconded by the Navy under the General Montague, now Earl of Sandwich, to
alſo, and
whom (and the Fleet under him) the King had ſent the like Letters and Declaration; the
Dunkirk. Sea ringing with the peals of Ordnance, upon the communication of the ſaid Papers: and
laftly, the Governour Colonel Harlow, and Garrison of Dunkirk, did the fame by an Addrefs
to his Excellencie.
*
A Committee was appointed to confider the manner of his Majefties Return, and to pre-
pare all things neceffary for his Reception: they likewiſe ordered his Majefty's Arms to be fet
The Rump's up in all Churches,and the Commonwealths to be taken down,and that all Proceedings be in
Arms de-
the Kings Majefties name; and that the preſent Great Seal be made ufe of till further order,
faced.
that there might be no hindrance or ftop in the proceeding of Juftice. Eafter-Term was
like wife prorogued, that no buſineſs might interfere with this grand and expected Affair of
the Settlement of the Kingdom. All Officers (as Sheriffs, Juftices) that were in commiffion
It was
the 25 of April, to continue and exerciſe the refpective Offices in the King's Name.
Parliament Refolved further, That the King's Majefty be defired to make a ſpeedy return to his Parlia
Refolves to-
wards the ment, and to the exercife of his Kingly-Office; and that in order thereunto, feveral Com-
King's Re- millioners from both Houſes be ſent to the King at Breda, with their Letters to his Majefly
ftitution. (Doctor Clargys (now Sir Thomas) the General's Brother, having been before ſent with his
to the King) and to acquaint him with the faid Defires and Votes of the Houfes. To theſe
Commiffioners, others were added from the City of London; the Names of them all are as
followeth.
For
4
*
J
1660.
447
England, Scotland and Ireland.
7
For the House of Lords:
Earl of Oxford, Earl of Warwick, (ftaid at London fick of the Gout) Earl
of Middleſex, Lord Viscount Hereford, Lord Berckley, Lord Brook
For the House of Commons:
The Lord Fairfax, Lord Bruce, Lord Falkland, Lord Castleton, Lord Herbert,
Lord Mandevil, Sir Horatio (now Lord) Townsend, Sir Anthony (now Lord)
Afhly Cooper, Sir George Booth, (now Lord De la mere,) Denzill ( now
Lord) Hollis, Sir Henry Holland, Sir John Cholmley-
For the City of London:
嘿
​Sir James Bunce Baronet, Alderman Langham, Alderman Reynardfon, Alders
man Sir Richard Browne, Sir Nicholas Crifp, Alderman Tompson, Alderman Fre-
derick, Alderman Adams, Sir William Wilde Recorder, Sir John Robinson, Al-
derman Sir Anthony Bateman, Sir William Wale, Sir Theophilus Biddulph, Sir
Richard Ford, Sir William Vincent, Sir Thomas Bludworth, Sir William Bateman,
Sir John Lewis, Mafter Chamberlain, and Sir Laurence Bromfield; all of them
(not Knighted before) Knighted by the King at the Hague upon their ar-
rival, the King being removed thither from Breda, as nearer, and more con-
venient for his ſhipping, the difpofal whereof, and of the whole Fleet, was
remitted to his Majeſty's pleaſure, the General Montague having received Orders
to obey his Majefty's Commands and Directions therein.
Commifioners
The Inftructions being delivered to the Commiffioners, they ſet Sail in ſeveral
Frigots appointed to attend them; and with fome foul Weather Landed in
Holland, where they were graciously and favourably received by his Majefty at arrived at the
the Hague: (I may not omit, that the reception of Sir Thomas Clergys from Hague.
the General, was as an Embaffador from a Prince; the Lord Gerard with many
Coaches being ſent to conduct him to Audience) where Mr. Hollis, into whofe
hands the Letters were intrufted for the delivery, ſpoke for the Houſe of Com-
mons; the Earl of Oxford for the Lords; and Sir William Wilde for the City.
Thoſe that were there at their Audience, agreed in Opinion, that never perfon
fpoke with more affection, or in better terms, than Mafter Hollis. He infitted
chiefly upon the Miſeries the Kingdoms had groaned under by the tyranny of
the pretended Parliament and Cromwel; which fhould now be exchanged into
their repofe,quiet, and lawful liberty: befeeching his Majefty in the name of his
people to return and refume the Scepter, &c. and affured him he ſhould be infi-
nitely welcome without any terms: a thing fo mucir ftomacked by the Phana-
ticks; but moft juft and honourable.
After ſeveral Treatments given the King by the Dutch, which he ſhortned as
much as he could, and other Complements by Forraign Miniſters, to whom he
gave publick Audience, the Portugal only excepted, and Spaniard; having no-
tice of the Fleets arrival, which confifted of near Forty Sail of great Men of
War, he prepared to depart: At this time came alfo to his hands the Procla-
mation made in London, as a little before returned Sir John Greenvil with the
happy news of his peoples love and entire affection. The Proclamation fol-
loweth, being very fit to be recorded; that which we mentioned in the ſecond
Part, being but an earneft of this.
A
The King pre-
pares to depart.
the Second So-
Lthough it can no way be doubted, but that his Vaicfties King Charles
Right and Title to these Crowns and Kingdoms, is and tematy Pro-
was every way compleat by the Death of his mott Royal Fa, claimed.
ther of Glorious Hemow, without the Ceremony oz Solem-
nity,
448
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Ą
亨
​The Dutch
magnificent
Treatment of
the King.
nity of a Proclamation: Pet fince Proclamations in fuch cales
have been always used, to the end chat all good Subjects might
upon this occafion teffifie their Duty and Reſpect. Ând fince
the Armed Uiolence, and other the Calamities of many years
Iaft paff, have hitherto deprived us of any opportunity, wherein
we might exprefs our Loyalty and Allegiance to his Majelly +
We therefore, the 'Loids and Commons now aflembled in Par-
liament, together with the Lozd Mayoz, Aldermen, and Com-
mon-Council of the City of London, and other Free-men of this
Kingdom now prefent, Do acco2ding to our Duty and Allegi=
ance, heartily, joyfully, and unanimously, Acknowledge and
Proclaim, That immediately upon the decease of our late So-
veraign King CHARLES the First, the Imperial Crown of the
Realm of England, and of all the Kingdoms, Dominions, and
Rights belonging to the fame, did by Inherent Birthright, and
lawful undoubted Succeflion, defcend, and come to his Molt
Excellent Majesty King CHARLES the Second, as being line-
ally, justly, and lawfully next Beir of the Blood Royal of this
Realm; and that by the goodnels and providence of Almighty
God, he is of England, Scotland, and Ireland, the moft Potent,
Mighty, and Undoubted King. And thereunto We mos hum-
bly, and faithfully do ſubmit, and oblige our Selves, our Heirs,
and Pofterities toz ever.
This was Solemnized with the greateſt Magnificence and joy poffible, the
Lords and Commons, and Lord Mayor attending it: the fhouts and acclamati-
ons at the reading of it in Cheap-fide were fo loud and great, that Bow-bells, or
any other Bells in the Town (though all then Ringing) could not be heard. All
was concluded with unspeakable mirth,and numerous Bonefires at night, which
yielded not their flames but to the rifing Sun.
I fhall not intrude other matters at home into this grand Affair; but referve
them until hereafter, and proceed. The Dutch alfo (as knowing it would
pleaſe the King) enlarged their Civilities and refpects to the Commiſſioners of
the Parliament and City; who received them from their Deputies with much
fatisfaction likewife, feveral Provifions were fent aboard the Fleet, and the
General: He alfo complemented with the Kings Reftitution.
For a Conclufion of thofe great Magnificences with which they had enter-
tained his Majefty a Fortnight, they refolved to give him a Farewel-Treat-
ment, with all the fumptuoufnefs expreffible; which they performed; and in
the end, prefented him with the richeſt Bed and Furniture, with Tapettry for
Hangings,imboffed with Gold and Silver, and adorned with Pictures, as could
be had the Bed was made at Paris for the Princeſs of Orange; but her Husband
dying Eight days before fhe was delivered, it was never ufed. A little before
this time, Sir Samuel Moreland, Thurloe's Agent for Oliver at the Court of Savoy,
Moreland, and came to the King, where he was kindly received, (having done the King feve
ral good Offices) and diſcovered the intrigues of Oliver and the Rump, and
was Knighted; he revealed alfo feveral eminent Royalifts, as Sir Richard Willis,
Colonel Bamfield, and others, who betrayed the King's Affairs and Friends to
Oliver. Hither alfo about the fame time came Sir George Downing, who was
Sir Samuel
Sir George
Downing.
alfo
1660.
449
England, Scotland and Ireland.
alfo graciously received, who had done the like good ſervices for his Majeſty,
and was likewife Knighted, and continued his Majefties Refident with the
States.
:
On Sunday the 20th of May, the King heard Doctor Hardy (after Dean of Duke of York
Richester) Preach before him the place intended was the French-Church, after aboard the
their Sermon ; but they knowing of it, being greedy to fee the King, would not Fleet.
com: out of their Seats, fo that it was done in the Princeffes Lodgings. Here
the King touched many of the Evil. In the mean while, the Duke of York
took the Oath of Allegiance of the Fleet, having gone aboard the Nafeby, where
the General treated him; which Ship, at his departure, when the ſhore refoun-
ded with the Artillery, he called the Charles: as afterwards the whole Fleet
was new Chriftened in their way homewards.
The King having thanked the States General and of Holland in their Pub-
lick Affumblies, whither he went on foot, took his leave of them ; recommend-
ing to them the intereft of his Sifter, and Nephew the Prince of Orange; and
was re-faluted by them upon the fame, as alfo by the feveral Minitters of the
feveral Princes, one whereof, the Count of Oldenham, fent an Embaſſador with
Credentials to the King jult before his departure, being the fole Minifter fo qua-
lified while his Majefty ftaid at the Hague.
parts for Eng-
On Wednesday the 22 of May, Stilo veteri, the King departed; and it may The King de-
be faid, there was no night between Tuesday and that; particularly for thoſe
who found no place to put their heads in, the houſes not being able to lodge the land.
croud of people that ran there from all the neighbouring Towns, the moſt part
whereof were conftrained to walk the ftreets, though the wifer fort took up
their Quarters for their advantage of feeing the King's departure on Downs
and Sand-bills which bordered all along the Sea-coaft, where they might fee
the Fleet and the King Embarquing; fo that it is a queftion, whether the Hol-
lander more wondered, or we more joyed. The Speech (poken by the States of
Holland, at his Farewel, for the notableness thereof, is here inferted.
I'
F one may judge of the content which we have to ſee your Majesty depart from The Speech of
our Province, by the fatisfaction we had to poffeß you, we ſhall have no great trou the States
ble to make it known to you. Your Majeſty might have obferved in the Countenance thereupon.
of all our people, the joy they had in their hearts, to See a Prince cheriſhed of God,
a Prince wholly miraculous, and a Prince that is probably to make a part of their
Quietneß and Felicity. Your Majesty shall fee preſently all the streets filled, all
the ways covered, and all the hills loaden with people which will follow you even
to the place of your Embarquement, and would not leave you, if they had where-
with to paß them to your Kingdom. Our joy is common unto us with that of our
Subjects: but as we know better than they the inestimable value of the Treaſure we
poffeß, ſo are we more fenfible of this fad Jeparation. It would be infupportable to us,
Sir,if we re-entred not into our felves,& confidered not that it is the thing of the world
we most defired, and the greateſt advantage alſo that we could wish to your Majesty.
We acquiefce therein, because we know that this removal is no less neceſſary for us,
than glorious to your Majefty; and that'tis in your Kingdom that we muſt finde
the accomplishment of the prayers we have made, and make ftill for you and us : fo
ſhall we not fail to profit thence, as well as from the aſſurances which it hath pleaſed
you to give us of an immutable affection towards this Republick. We render most
bumble thanks unto your Majesty for them, and particularly for the illuſtrious proof
which it hath pleafed you to give us thereof, by the glorious Vifit wherewith you bo-
noured our Aſſembly. We shall conferve the memory of it most dearly, and make the
marks of that goodness to paß to our last Posterity,to the end they may acknowledge it
with the ſame reſpect with which we have received it. The appointment wherein
we ſee your Majesty ready to take borse for the pursuit of your Journey, forbids us to
enlarge our felves upon a Subject which would never weary us, if we had words
conformable to our reffectful fentiments. But we have no minde to encreaſe the juſt
impatience which your Majesty shall have to fee your self returned into your King-
Nnn
dom,
}
(
450
The King de-
parts, and em-
barques.
The King Em-
barques for
England, May
23.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part IV.
dom. We pray God, Sir, that it be quiet and happy; and that as he hath diſpoſed
the hearts and affections of your Subjects to acknowledge their Soveraign and law-
ful Prince, it will pleaſe bim alfo to command the Winds and Seas to expedite your
Voyage; and that after you have received on your own Coast the fame Prayers which
we shall reiterate, you may injoy in your Royal Perfon, and in your Pofterity for
all the Felicity and Profperity which your humble Servants wiſh unto your
ever,
Majelty.
'Tis certain that their entertainment of the King, and their Preſents, coſt the
Dutch above 100000l.
The King departed (as before is mentioned) accompanied with Prince Wil-
liam of Naffau, and the Admiral of Holland, having the Prince of Orange be-
fore him, being in the midft of his two Brothers he Dukes of York and Glou-
cefter on horfe-back, the Ladies attending on hire in their Coaches all along the
way, where the Citizens, the Horfe, and the Regiment of the Guards ſtood in
Battalia; the Cannon thundred, being anfwered with peals of Mulick, which
conveyed the like Mirth to the Eng ifh Fleet Riding at Scheveling.
The King, with his Aunt, his Silter, and fome other Illuftrious Perfons (ha-
ving taken his laft leave of the States) went first on board a Barge prepared by
the Dutch, whofe Streamers and Flags had this impreſs, Quo fus & fata,alluding
to Dieu & mon Droit; but upon the approach of a Brigandine trom General
Montague, he entered therein, and came on board the Charles; the Seamen fee-
ming to be in an extalie, bung poffeffed of their beloved Prince. Soon after
he came up to the Poop to behold again that multitude on the Downs of Scheve
ling, faying, That he thought his own Subjects could fearce have more tendernes
for him than those people, on whofe Affections he faw he reigned no less than he was
going to raign on the Wills of the English.
Much ado there was to part the Princefs of Orange from him, whom many
other confiderations as ftrong as Birth had rendred molt dear to him, till at last
the General, who with all poffible demonſtrations of Loyalty had received the
King, having all the Retinue fhipt, caufed the Anchors to be weighed, and the
Sails to be ſpread; and then with Tears and Embraces the left him, and was
rowed back again with the fame company to the Holland-fhore, which loft fight
of the Fleet about the evening.
No fooner was the Fleet under fail, but the Cannon began to roar, giving
notice that the Lord of the Sea was in his rightful poffeffions which Thundring
continued till night: Next day they had little winde, but ſo much, as on Fri-
day-morning they came within fight of Dover; whereupon an Expreſs was
fent to the General (then at Canterbury) to haften to Dover; which he did
accordingly, and about one of the clock with a gallant Train came thither :
About three of the clock in the afternoon, his Majefty landed at the Beach neer
ver, May 25. the Peer of Dover, with the Dukes and his Nobles.. Every man now put them-
felves into a poſture to obferve the meeting of the beft of Kings, and beſt-de-
ferving (without flattery is it fpoken) of Subjects.
Lands at Do-
The General
bis arrival.
This folemn and unexampled meeting, did with the joy thereof infuſe a
meets him at fufpence of fear, that the Congrefs of the King and the General would of one
part or other fail in Affection or Ceremony; but this Interview difpenfed with
all punctilio, other than that the General kneeled, and the King kiffed and em-
braced him, to the moft pleating fatisfaction of Nobility and People.
His Majefty then walked up with the General under a Canopy, a Chair of
State being carried by his Coach-fide. In the way, the Mayor and Aldermen
of Dover, with the Minifter, met his Majefty; who after a fhort Speech, pre-
fented him a Bible with Gold-clafps (the ordinary Prefent of the Presbyte-
rian Miniſters.) Then his Majefty took Coach, he and the Duke of York at
one end, and the Duke of Gloucester and his Exellencie at the other, the Duke of
The King rides Buckingham in the Boot. About two miles from Dover the King took horſe,
the Dukes on the right hand of the King, the General on the left,bare; followed
by
toCanterbury.
1660.
491
England, Scotland and Ireland.
1
by the Duke of Buckingham, and the reft of the Nobility and Gentry, uncover. The King rides
ed, and came to Canterbury, where he was met and complemented by the Mayor to Canterbury
and Aldermen, and Recorder of that City, and prefented with a Golden Tan-
kard, and fo conducted to the Palace. Here he made the General Knight
of the Honourable Order of the Garter; the Duke of York putting the Order
about his Neck. Saturday and Sunday he ftaid here, and on Munday-morning
departed for Rocheffer, whither that evening he arrived, and went from his Lod-
ging to Chattam, to ſee the Soveraign, and other Ships of the Royal Navy, and
at night returned to his Lodgings at Colonel Gibbon's, where he was welcomed to Rocheſter
by an Addreſs from the Regiment of the ſaid Colonel, delivered by himself; at Col. Gib
which his Majefty gracioufly accepted.
bons.
Betwixt four and five on Tuesday-morning, being the moſt happy and au-
ſpicious 29th of May, his Majesty's Birth-day, he departed from Rochester, the
Militia-Forces of Kent lining the ways, and the Maidens ftrowing Herbs and
Flowers the Towns through which he paffed, hanging out White fheets. Be-
ing come to Dartford, the Officers of the Regiments of Horfe prefented an To Dartford,
humble Addreſs to him, wherein they declared their readineſs to facrifice their receives the
lives in defence of his Majefty's Perfon and Government.
Declaration of
the Army.
entrance into
London:
At Black-beath the Army was drawn up, where his Majefty viewed them,
ufing many gracious Expreffions towards them, which were anfwered by
loud acclamations. The feveral Regiments being there placed in order, His Ma-
jefty advanced towards London, and about one a Clock came to Saint George's
Fields, where the Lord Mayor and the Aldermen were in a Tent ready to
rece ve him. The Sword being there delivered him, he re-delivered it, and
Knighted Sir Thomas Alleyn. After a fhort repaft, the King proceeded into
London by Southwarkę: trom the Bridge to Temple-Bar, the Streets were railed
on the one fide, with ftandings for the Liveries; and lined on the other with the
Trained Bands: to which were added fome Gentlemen-Volunteers all in white
Doublets,under Sir John Stawel. The manner of his Majefties Triumphal and The manner of
Magnificent Pafage through this orderly ranking, was thus: Firft marched a His Majefties
Troop of Gentlemen, led by Major-General Brown brandishing their Swords, in
Cloath of Silver-doublets, being about Three hundred, befides Servants. Then
another Troop of about Two hundred in Velvet-Coats; the Foot-men and Li-
veries in Furple. Next, a Troop under Colonel Sir John Robinson, with Buff-
coats, Cloath of Silver-fleeves, and Green-fcarves. Atter this, a Troop in Blew
Liveries and Silver-lace, Colours red fringed with Silver, about Two hundred.
Next, another Troop with fix Trumpets, feven Foot-men in Sea-green and Sil-
ver, their Colours Pink Fringed with Silver. Then a Troop with their Live-
ries Gray and Blew, Thirty Foot-men, Four Trumpets, about Two hundred
and twenty,their Colours Sky,Fringed with Silver, under the Earl of Northamp-
ton. Another of Gray Liveries, Six Trumpets, Colours Sky and Silver, about
One hundred and five, led by the Lord Goring. Another of Seventy. Ano-
ther Troop led by the Lord Cleveland, of about Three hundred. Noblemen
and Gentry, another Troop of about One hundred, black Colours. One more
Troop of Three hundred Horfe, led by the Lord Mordant.
After thefe, came Two Trumpets, with his Majefties Arms, the Sheriffs-men
in Red-cloaks and Silver-lace with Half-pikes, Seventy two in number. Then
followed the Gentlemen that rid out of the feveral Companies of London, with
their respective Streamers, all in Velvet Coats with Gold Chains; every Compa-
ny having its Footmen with different Liveries. After thefe,a Kettle-drum,and five
Trumpets; The Citizens being in number about Six hundred.After thefe, Twelve
Minifters; then his Majefties Life-guard led by Sir Gilbert Gerrard and Major
Rofcarrock The City-Marfhal with eight Footmen, with the City-Waits and
Officers in order: then the two Sheriffs, and all the Aldermen of London
(among whom, much wondring there was at Alderman Ireton) in their Scar-
let Gowns and rich Trappings, with Footmen in Liveries, Red-coats laced
with Silver and Cloath of Gold The Maces and Heralds in their Rich coats,
the
تم
Nnn 2
452
Part IV'
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
t
the Lord Mayor bare carrying the Sword, his Excellency and Duke of Buck-
ingham bare alſo; and then, as the luftre to all this fplendid Triumph, rode the
King himſelf between his two Royal Brothers; which order he had all along
ever fince the overture of his return obferved. After them came a Troop bare
with White Colours; then the General's Life- guard, and another Troop of
Gentry. Laft of all, Five Regiments of the Army-Horfe, with Back, Brett,
and Head-piece, which diverfified the Show with delight and Terrour. Thus
have you in a view all that pleafed and gratified the Eye; but no Pen or Tongue
is able to express thofe raviſhing and loud mufical notes of Acclamations and
Vive le Roy's, which charmed the Ears of all Loyal Subjects, even to Extafie and
Transportation, and with which his Majefty himſelf (who endured the din of
it all that day) was fo pleaſingly affected.
With theſe joyful accents he was brought to his Palace of White-ball; where
after the Lord Mayor had took his leave, his Majefty went up to the Lords,
where a Speech was made to him in the Banqueting-houſe, (where both Lords
and Commons awaited him) by the Earl of Manchester Speaker of the Houſe
of Lords; by which, that Potterity may know the fenfe of the Kingdome up-
on this Miraculous Change, it is here Recorded.
The Earl of TH Hat this day may prove happy to your Majesty, is the hope, the Expectation,
Mancheſter's
King.
and the earnest defire of my Lords the Peers, whofe Commands are upon me
Speech to the to make this bumble Tender to your Majesty of their Loyal joy for your Majesties
Safe Return to your Native Kingdome, and for this happy Restoration of your Ma-
jelly to your Crown and Dignity, after fo long, and ſo ſevere a Suppreſſion of your
just Right and Title.
I shall not reflect upon your Majesties Sufferings, which have been your Peoples
Miſeries; yet I cannot omit to fay, That as the Nation in general, fo the Peers with
a more perfonal and particular ſenſe have felt the ſtroke that cut the Gordian Knot
which fastned your Majelty to your Kingdome, and your Kingdome to your Ma-
jety.
For fince thofe strange and various Fluctuations and Difcompofures in Government,
Since thofe horrid and unparallel'd Violations of all Order and Justice,Strangers have
Ruled over us, even with a Rod of Iron: But now,with fatisfaction of heart, we
own and ſee your Majesty, our Native King, and Son of the wifes a Son of the an-
tient Kings, whoſe hand kolds forth a Golden Scepter.
Great King! Give me leave to speak the Confidence, as well as the Defires,
of the Peers of England: Be you the Powerful Defender of the true Protestant
Faith; the Fut Affertor and Maintainer of the Laws and Liberties of your Sub-
jects: ſo ſhall Judgment run down like a River, and Juftice like a mighty
ftream; and God, the God of your Mercy, who hath fo miraculously preferved you,
will establish your Throne in Righteousness and in Peace.
Dread Soveraign! I offer no flattering Titles, but speak the Words of Truth:
you are the defire of Three Kingdoms,the Strength and the Stay of the Tribes of the
People; for the moderating of Extremities, the reconciling of differences, the fatis-
fying of all interests, and for the restoring of the collapsed Honour of thefe Nations.
Their Eyes are toward your Majefty; their Tongues with loud Acclamations of Joy,
Speak the thoughts and Loyal intentions of their Hearts; their Hands are lift up
to Heaven with Prayers and Praifes: and what Oral Triumph can equal this
your Pomp and Glory?
Long may your Majesty Live and Reign; a Support to your Friends, a Terrour
to your Enemies, an Honour to your Nation, and an Example to Kings, of Piety,
Fuftice, Prudence and Power; that this Prophetick Expreſſion may be verified in
your Majesty, King Charles the Second ſhall be greater than ever was the great-
eft of that Name..
His
1560.
453
England, Scotland and Ireland.
His MAJESTIES Gracious Anſwer to the Earl of
Manchester's Speech.
My Lord,
Am So difordered by my Journey, and with the Noise Still
founding in my Ears, (which I confefs was pleafing to me, be-
to me,
cauſe it expreffed the Affections of my People) as I am unfit at the
prefent to make fuch a Reply as I deftre; yet thus much I shall
Jay unto you, That I take no greater Satisfaction to my self in
this my Change, than that I find my Heart really set to endeavour
all means for the Restoring of this Nation to their Freedome and
Happiness; And I hope, by the advice of my Parliament, to effect it.
of this alfo you may be confident, That next to the Honour of God,
from whom principally I shall ever own this Restoration to my
Crown, I shall study the Welfare of my People; And ſhall not on-
ly be a True Defender of the Faith, But a Juſt Affertor of the Laws
and Liberties of my Subjects.
by
This paffed, the King retired to Supper, and foon after to his reft, where
it was time he ſhould find it, after fo many difficulties and turmoils in the
World for Twenty whole years together.
But the Citizens were not fo weary of their Joy and Triumph; for as foon The joy of the
as Night came, an Artificial day was begun again, the whole City ſeeming to be City.
one great Light, as indeed properly it was a Luminary of Loyalty; the Bon-
fires continuing till day-break, fed by a conftant fupply of Wood, and main-
tained with an equal excess of gladneſs and fewel.
Thus far this memorable and miraculous Affair hath carried me not wil-
ling to break off the gladſome ſpeculation and review of his glory and happy
Influences, I muft now a little retroſpect to what paffed at home in the Par-
liament and Kingdome.
Several Acts were in agitation; one for removing and preventing all quefti- Affairs a
ons and difputes concerning the Sitting and Affembling of this prefent Parlia- home.
ment; as alfo, that of Oblivion and Indempnity; and another for Sales and
Purchaſes and in the mean while, it was ordered by the Lords, That a ftop be
put to the demolishing, defacing, or committing waft in any Houfes or Lands
belonging to his Majefty; and that no Wood nor Timber ſhould be felled : and
the like done in the Lands belonging to the Duke of Buckingham, the Lord
Craven, and Sir John Stawel. The Commons ordered Ten thouſand pounds to
be fent as a prefent to the Duke of York; alfo that the Scotch Colours taken at
Preſton, Dunbar, and Worceſter, and hung up in Weſtminſter-ball, ſhould be taken
down which was accordingly executed, and the Kings Arms placed in the
Courts of Judicature.
Col. Harrison (one of the Kings moft malicious Judges) was apprehended
in Staffordshire, and brought up to London; and by his Excellencies Order
Committed to the Tower, while Whitehall was then a preparing for his Ma-
jefty.
The House of Commons taking into confideration the buſineſs of the Pied-
mont-Collection-money, declared their deteftation and abhorrence of the diver-
fion of the faid Money from the charitable ufes to which pretendedly it was
defigned.
The King was Proclaimed with great joy throughout the Nation; while
divers of the Kings Judges (out of conſcioufnefs of their guilt) efcaped
beyond Sca.
In
454
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
And in Ire-
land.
The King and
the Dukes to
the Houfe of
Lords.
eth feveral
Acts.
In Ireland also the King was by the Convention there Affembled, Proclaim-
ed with the uſual Ceremonies. Several of the eminenteft of that Nation were
alfo ordered to be fent to his Majefty, in the name of that Kingdome, with a
prefent of Four thousand pound to the Duke of York; fo fympathetically did
the Iriſh Harp move with the fame touches on the English.
The mott Illuftrious Princes the Dukes of York and Gloucester went to the
Houfe of Lords, and there took their places; whither the next day came the
King himſelf by Water in the Brigandine which brought him aboard the Charles
from Holland; the Yeomen of the Guard making a lane, the Heralds at Arms
The King comes in their rich Coats, the Maces, and the Lord General Bare-headed before him:
to the Parlia- being feated, the Commons were called; to whom the King in a Speech preffed
ment, and pass-
very much the Act of Oblivion; and Signed fome Blis, viz. One for Contr-
mation of the Parliament. Another for the Tax of Seventy thousand pounds per
Menfem, for three Moneths, from the 24 of June. A third for continuance
of Proceſs, and Judicial Proceedings: and then returned to Whitehall, where
he chofe the Lords of his Privy Council; among whom, were everal of the
Long Parliament. His Majefty alfo gracioufly and judicioufly provided for the
Benches and Courts of Judicature: for the Chancery the Lord Chancellour Hides
for the Rolls,the Lord Culpepper who foon after dyed, and the place was by the
Kings favour beftowed on Sir Harbottle Grimstone) for the Kings Bench,Sir Ro-
bert Fofter, Juftice Mallet, and Sir Thomas Twifden, in the Common Pleas, Juftice
Atkins and in the Exchequer,Sir Orlando Bridgeman; Sir Jeoffry Palmer Attor-
ney,and Sir Heneage Finch Solicitor-General; Mr. John Heath,lon of Sir Robert,
Atturney to the Dutchy. But of this a fuller account.
·
Several Perfons guilty of the Murther of King Charles the Firft, making
A Proclamati-
on for the
their eſcapes beyond Sea, a Proclamation drawn up by the Parliament was
King's Fudges published by his Majefty, fummoning the perfons therein named, who fate, gave
to render them- Judgment, and Aflifted in that horrid and deteftable Fact, to render them-
felves. felves within Fourteen days after the Publication of that His Majefties Royal
Proclamation, to the Speaker, or Speakers of the Parliament, or to the Lord
Mayor of London, or to the refpective Sheriffs of the Counties of England
and Wales; and that no perfon fhould prefume to conceal or harbour them,
under mifpriſion of Treafon: whereupon divers came in, and fubmitted, and
were fecured in the Tower.
$
Several Addreffes were made to the King from the Nobility and Gentry of
all the Counties, congratulating his Majefties Reftitution to his Throne and
Kingdoms, and teftifying their exceeding joy and willingneſs to maintain his
Majeſties Royal Perfon and Authority. Divers eminent perfons for their fer-
vice and affection to his Majefty, were honoured with Knighthood.
The Houſe of Commons ordered, that others, befides the Actual Judges of
Other perfons the King, fhould be excepted out of the Act of Oblivion (which was now ve-
the Act of Oby far proceeded in) as namely, Andrew Broughton, Phelps, John Cook, Hugh Pe-
livion, Hutch- ters, and Edward Denby. This fo affrighted others who had a hand in that
infon and Laf- execrable bufinefs, that Colonel John Hutchinfon a Member in this Par-
fels crave Parliament, and Colonel Francis Laffells Petitioned the Houfe, confeffing their
don.
guilt, and withal the Artifices that were uſed to draw them in, and by
this fubmiffion obtained Pardon, upon fome forfeitures. Hugh Peters was taken
about this time in Southwarke: at firft he denyed his Name, but being brought
before Sir John Robinson, then made Lieutenant of the Tower, he was known,
Parliament lay and acknowledged himself, and was there fecured.
bold on bis Ma-
jefties Decla-
ration frem
Breda.
The Parliament thought not themſelves nor the people of England freed
from that guilt and puniſhment which our unhappy times had contracted, unless
they laid hold on his Majefties Grace,mentioned in his Declaration from Breda's
and therefore Refolved, That the Houſe doth declare, that they do in the Name
of themſelves, and all the Commons of England, lay hold on his Majefties gracious
Pardon mentioned in his Declaration, with reference to the excepting of ſuch as ſhall
be excepted in an A&t of Pardon: and accordingly a Declaration was made,and
prefented to the King by Mafler Denzill Hollis,
His
1660.
455
England, Scotland and Ireland.
His Majeſty was gracioufly pleafed to fignifie his readiness and willingneſs
to comply with that his Royal Word, and gave direction for a Proclamation to
that purpose: In the mean while, feveral of the eminenteft in Offices under the
ufurpation, to make fure of this Grace offered from Breda, got their particular
Pardons exemplified under the Great Seal of England, as they were well advi-
fed by the notoriety of their Guilt, and their diftruftful Confciences: to ſecure
and diſcharge which trouble, the King was more than ordinary preſſing for a
Ipeedy Paffing of the Act of Oblivion, as on the other fide his Sentiments of
thofe fervices to his Reftitution, gave him the immediate refolutions of digni-
fying thofe Illuftrious Perfonages, who most inftrumentally and principally did
accomplish it.
And therefore, on the 12 of July, he honoured the moſt noble General Monck The General
with the Titles of Duke of Albemarle (which Dutchy formerly was appro- dignified with
priate to the Blood Royal,and was extinct in the Reign of Henry the Fourth, the the Title of D.
Demeafnes and Jurifdiction whereof lay in the Dutchy of Normandy in France, of Albemarle.
under the English Soveraginty) and Earl of Torrington in his own native Coun-
ty of Devon, and Baron of Potheridge (his own Patrimony) Beauchamp and
Teyes; by which he hath right of Peerage in the three Kingdoms, whofe equal
Felicity and Honour he advanced and raiſed before himſelf, and now moft de-
fervingly ſhared with them by his Inveftiture in thefe Dignities, which were
compleated July the 13, by his taking his place in the Houſe of Lords, at-
tended by the Houfe of Commons, and introduced by the Duke of Buckingham.
In the fame month General Montague was created Earl of Sandwich, Viſcount
Hinchingbrooke his famous Mannor in Huntingtonshire, and Baron of St. Neots
in the fame County; and on the 16 of July took likewiſe his place in the
Houſe of Peers, where they both fhine with that degree of ſplendor, by which
the Duke reduced, and the Earl dawned at, the day of Englands Glory and
Liberty. The Duke of Ormond was likewife made Earl of Brecknock, and
took his place among the Peers of England: he was also made Lord Steward ties and Offices
of his Majefties Houthold, as the Earl of Lindſey was made Lord High-Cham- conferred.
berlain, the Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of his Majefties Houfhold,
and the Earl of Southampton Lord High-Treasurer of England: Sir Frederick
Cornwallis was made Treaſurer of the Kings Houshold by an old Grant, and
Sir John Berkley Comptroller; and other Royalifts were made Officers therein.
Several prefents were made to the King from the feveral Cities and Boroughs
Several Digni
of the Kingdom, in Gold and Plate, and refignation of Fee-farm-rents pur- Fee-farm rents.
chafed from the ufurpers; among the reft, the City of London (with a Com- refigned:
plement of their good Stewardſhip, by the mouth of their Recorder Sir Wil-
liam Wilde) rendred their like Grant of New Parke in Surrey. All the Rents
accruing at Michaelmas-day were now fecured from the late Purchaſers of
Kings, Queens, Biſhops, Dean and Chapters lands, for the ufe of the right and
unquestionable Proprietors; to the defeating the miſerable and unjuſt covetouf-
nefs of fuch undue and unwarrantable penniworths.
dor into
A fplendid Embaffy came this Month of August from Denmark, to congra-
tulate his Majeftics moft happy Reftitution; as a little before, the Lord Jermyn, Lord Jermyn
newly made Earl of Saint Albans (the Title laft failing in the renowned Mar- Earl of St. Al-
quels of Clanrickard Ulick de Burgh, who had fo eminently afferted his Maje- bans Emballa-
ties Rights in Ireland, and after the reduction thereof came into England, and France.
died in London in fome diftrefs, far unfitting his nobleness of minde, as well as Prince de
former moſt honourable Eftate, a while before the Kings Return) was fent to Ligne.
France in the quality of Lord Embaffador Extraordinary to that Crown. Soon
after, the Prince de Ligne, with a right Princely Train and retinue becoming
the grandeur of the Affair, (he was fent to Congratulate from his Majesty of
Spain,betwixt whom and this Kingdom a Peace after a fix years War was lately
Proclaimed) was with great ftate received, and had folemn Audience by the
King, and departed; and was fucceeded by the Baron of Battevile to be Refi
dent and Embafador in Ordinary at this Court. From the French King foon
after
456
:
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part IV
Count de
So flons Em-
bafador hither.
Act of Oblivi-
on paffed.
after came another Illuftrious and grand Perfonage upon the fame account, by
name the Count of Soiffons, who had married the Cardinal's Neece, and entred
and was entertained here with all fumptuous and extraordinary Magnificence.
In fum, there was no Prince nor State in Europe who fent not, or were not a
fending their Embaffador upon this wonderful occation.
+
The Parliament, after many debates and difputes, alterations and infertions,
at laft finiſhed the Act of Oblivion; which was extraordinary comprehentive
and indulgent, to the regret of many injured Royalifts, who found no better
perfwafive to their acquiefcence in it, but their unalterable duty to the King,
whoſe ſpecial Act this was. Out of this were only excepted the Regicides
and Murderers of their late Soveraign, as to Life and Eftate; befides Colonel
Lambert, and Sir Henry Vane, and Twenty others, referved to fuch Forfeitures
as fhould by Parliament be declared: the principal of thefe were Sir Arthur Ha-
felrig, Oliver Saint John, William Lenthal the Speaker, Mr. Ny the Indepen-
dent Minilter, Burton of Tarmouth; and fome Sequeftrators, Officers, and Ma-
jor-Generals of the Army; amongst whom was Desborough, Pine, Butler, Ire-
ton, &c. They paffed like wife an Act for a perpetual Anniverſary Thankigi-
ving on the 29 of May, the day of his Majefties Birth and Reftauration; a day
indeed memorable, and the moft aufpicious in our Engliſh Kalendar, and wor-
thy of a Parliaments Canonization: Both which his Majefty gave his Royal
Affent to, as at the Adjournment to another for Disbanding of the Army (and
paying off the Navy) which once looked upon us with the fame feared perpe-
tual danger, as the Mamalukes or Janizaries; but by this happy conjuncture
of his Majefties Fortune with his Wifdom and Goodness, yielded (after many
Modules) to its laft Diffolution. Great fums by Pole-money and other Affell-
ments were impofed, and ſpeedily and cheerfully levied and paid, to finiſh this
defired work, which had before wafted fo many Millions of Treafure. Mr.
Scorven, Mr. Pryn, Col. King, and Sir Charles Doyley, were appointed Commif-
fioners to disband them; to which the Souldiery very willingly and with
thanks to the King fubmitted; the King giving them a Weeks pay as a Dona-
tive and Largefs. The Parliament adjourned till the 6 of November.
ง
Thefe Felicities of the King we have hitherto infifted on, as the course of all
worldly things is guided, were abated and allayed by the immature and moſt
lamented Death of the right Excellent Prince Henry Duke of Gloucester, his
Majefties youngest Brother; a Prince of very extraordinary hopes. Silence will
beft become our lamentation: for his vertues, and our lofs of them, tranſcend
Duke of Glou- expreflion. He died of the Small-pox, Aged Twenty years and two months,
after much Blood-letting, and was Interred with a private Funeral in Henry the
Seventh's Chappel at Westminster, juft before the arrival of his Sifter the Prin-
cefs of Orange, who came to joy and felicitate her Brothers in their happy Re-
cefter dies,
Sept. 13.
Princess of O-
range arrives,
Sept.
Epifcopacy re-
established.
ftitution.
$
With the King and Monarchy, the Ecclefiaftical Regiment by Biſhops reco-
vered it felf, by his Majefties Piety and Prudence; that Aphorifm being moft
adly verified, No Bishop, No King; and therefore, on the 20 of September, Dr.
Juxon Bishop of London, that antient and excellent Prelate, was by the King
tranflated from that See to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury; which was
performed with great Solemnity: and not long after, feveral new Biſhops (per-
fons the moſt eminent and valiant affertors of the Church and Laws of
England) were Confecrated in the Abby at Westminster, and all the Dioceffes
filled; of which together prefently,in an enfuing Catalogue.
The Kings
Divine Vengeance had with a flow foot traced the murtherers of our Mar-
Fudges brought tyr'd Soveraign, and through ſeveral Mazes at laſt overtook them; the iron
to Tryal,o&.9. hand of Juftice delivering them to the puniſhment due to that grand impiety:
nor was it the leaft of his preſent Majefties Felicities in his Reftitution, that he
fhould parentate, in this folemn manner, to His moft vilely and rebelliously
abuſed Father; That his juftice might appear equally as refplendent as his cle-
mency to the leffer guilt of his undutiful people, in not fuffering his innate
goodness
{
1660.
463
England, Scotland and Ireland.
goodness to be wrought upon fo far, that this unexampled parricide fhould
paſs with an unexampled impunity; fince the Parliament in deteftation, and
to wipe away the ſtain of that perpetration, had given up theſe perſons follow-
ing, as Sacrifices to the Law, and the Honour of their Country.
On the Ninth of October, The Commiffioners of Oyer and Terminer met at
Hicks's Hall, of whom were ſeveral of the chief Nobility ; the Lord Mayor and
the Judges; Sir Orlando Bridgman,Lord chief Baron, fitting in chief: the Coun-
fel were Sir Jeffery Palmer the King's Attourney, Sir Heneage Finch Solicitor-
General, Sir Edward Turnor the Duke of York's Attorney, and Serjeant Keel-
ing, Windham, &c. The Grand Jury being Sworn, Sir William Darcy Baro-
net their Foreman, Sir Orlando gave them the Charge, declaring the purport of
their Commiffion,to Try thoſe excepted perfons out of the Act, for their Trea-
fon in Murthering the late King of bleffed memory, upon the Statute 25 Edw.
3d. by which it was made Treafon, to compafs and imagine the death of the
King: which he largely,learnedly, and eloquently opened,the Statute being but
declarative of the Common Law. Which ended, Thomas Lee of the Middle Ťem-
ple Gentleman, was called to give the names of the Witneffes,forty two in num-
ber; the chief of whom was Sir William Clerk,the Duke of Albemarle's Secreta-
ry, who took the Proceedings of the High Court in fhort-hand; Mr. Masterfon
Minifter at St. Clements Danes, then of that Party; Col. Huncks, Griffith Bodurdo
Efq; Stephen Kirk, Col. Matthew Tomlinson, John Rushworth Efq; Sir Purbeck
Temple, William Jeflop Elq, Mr. Coitmore, and Anthony Mildmay, Brother to Sir
Heury, one of thofe Criminals.
up
:
Waller, He.
Next day, the 10 of October, the Court by Adjournment fate in Juſtice-Hall
in the Seffions-houfe in the Old-bayly; and the Prifoners having been brought
the fame day from the Tower to the Gaol of Newgate, the Keeper was com→
manded to bring down Sir Hardreß Waller, William Heveningham, and Colonel
Harriſon, and fet them to the Bar, where they were commanded to hold up their
hands: but Harriſon defiring to be heard firft, anfwered, I am here; he at laft Harriſon,
held his hand then the Indictment was read in theſe words: That he, te- veningham,
gether with others, not having the fear of God before their eyes, and being inſtiga- with Adrian,
ted of the Devil, did maliciously, treasonably, and feloniously, contrary to his due Scroop, &c.
Allegiance and bounden Duty, fit upon and condemn our late Soveraign Lord King
Charles the First, of ever-bleſſed Memory; and alſo did, upon the Thirtieth day of
January 1648, figne and feal a Warrant for the Execution of his Sacred Majesty,
where alfo, &c. To which Waller after fome debate, pleaded guiltys Heven-
ingham and Harriſon, Not guilty: Then Ifaac Pennington, Henry Marten, Gilbert
Millingham, Robert Tichburn, Owen Roe, and Robert Lilburn, after the ſaid In-
dictment read, were bid to plead, who did; except Henry Marten, who faid,
he was not excepted out of the Act of Indemnity, the perſon there being Hen-
ry Martin, not Marten: but the Court anſwered, A mifname would not be
pleadable, Mr. Sollicitor citing a Cafe in the difference of names betwixt Bag-
fter and Baxter. All of them infifted for Counſel. Then Adrian Scroop, John
Carew, John Jones, Thomas Scot, Gregory Clement, and John Cook were likewife
fet to the Bar; where feeing the Court infift upon a prefent Plea, as the rule of
the Law, or elfe Judgement, pleaded to the Indictment Not guilty; Caren
making this falvo, Saving to our Lord Jefus Christ bis Right to the Government
of thefe Nations. Next, Edmund Harvey, Henry Smith, John Downs, Vincent
Potter, and Auguſtine Garland; and after them George Fleetwood, Simon Meyn,
Fames Temple, Peter Temple, Thomas Wait, Hugh Peters, Francis Hacker, Daniel
Axtel, who all but the laſt preſently pleaded, and would be tried by God and
their Country: Peters would be tried, at firft, by the Law of God, having
pleaded Not guilty, no not for a thouſand worlds; but the people laught him
out of it. Axtel, not till informed of the danger of a mute, and that no man
can juſtifie Treafon; if the matter which he had to ſay be juſtifiable, it is not
Treafon; if Treaſon, it is not juſtifiable: and therefore he must go to the or-
dinary way of guilty, or not guilty.
Ooo
Harrison
462
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Harriſon tried,
oa. 11.
Indi&ment.
Harriſon was the next day ſet to the Bar, with Scroop and four more; but
they feverally challenging the Judges, the Court ordered to try them fingly;
and proceeded with Harrifon, who excepted his full number thirty five of the
Jury; and the other twelve being fworn, Mr.Sollicitor-General much Rhetori-
Sir Heneage cally laid forth the nature and atrocity of the Fact: That the very thoughts
Finch opens the of fuch attempts were in all Ages, and among all people, counted an unpar-
donable Treaſon, as the ftory of the two Eunuchs againit Abafuerus; Voluerunt
infurgere,they only had a Will to rife up against him: and the teftimony of Taci、
tus,qui deliberant defciverant, who confult of this Fact,are Rebels already. That
it is not the fole intereft of one Royal Perfon concerned in this parricide, but all
of the Nation. That Sir Edward Cooke hath a Notton, that to the perfection
of this Law of the 25 Edw. 3. a time to be limited to the accuſer was requi-
fite; but how great a miftake that was, would appear by this, That this Trea-
fon had fo long out-faced the Law, and the Juftice of the Kingdom, that if
there had been a time of limitation, there would have been no time nor place
left to puniſhment; and fo the guilt would have ftuck upon the Kingdom, and
this wickedness grow up into an impunity. That the fcope of the Indict-
ment was, for the compaffing of the King's death; the reft, as ufurping power
over the King's perfon, the Affembling, Sitting, and Judging,are but as fo many
overt Acts to prove the intentions of the heart; all which are not neceſſary to
be proved againit every particular perfon. That every other overt Act, befides
what is laid in the Indictment, as incouraging of the Souldiers to cry Juſtice and
Execution, or preaching up the Work as godly, may be given in evidence againſt
the guilty perfons, whofe Crime was of that unmeaſurable impiety, that it
could neither be heightned by any aggravation, or leffened by any excufe. Then
he traced the fteps and gradations to this Villany from the Treaty in 1648,
and thewed the wicked Circumftances and Formalities thereof; particularly he
declared this perſon of thoſe living (twenty fix being already deceaſed,
fix or ſeven referved to other penalties, and a forrowful repentance; and twen-
ty nine more betore their Lordships) to be the onely chief Leader, Captain,
and Conductour in this horrible Treafon : and hinted at his fawcy demeanour
to the King in his bringing him to his Tryal; his irreverend ſpeeches and car-
riages then towards the King; at his malicious defigne of blacking him to the
people. Sir Edward Turner ufed the like harangue; and then the Witneffes were
fworn; and after evidence given, Mr. Windham clofed it with this Speech:
That the Indictment was for compaffing the King's death; there lay the Trea-
fon for there is not one word in that Statute of killing the King, infomuch
that if after that fitting upon the King, they had acquitted him, yet would it
have been Treaſon itill: that this imagination of Harrison's was plainly proved,
and the more confirmed by his mention of blacking the King: that he had con-
feffed he fat,and figned, and therefore there was no difficulty in the Verdict.
and
This faying of his, of blacking the King, was proved by one Mr. Nutly,
who having got admittance into the Committee that drew up the Charge a-
gainst the King, over-heard him fay thofe words upon a difpute of contracting
the ſaid Charge; which Harriſon rejected, for this Reaſon, as knowing [calum-
niare fortiter, aliquid hærebit of a multitude of imputations, fome of them
would ftick. It will be a trouble, cumberance, and labour to the Reader, to
particularize any more Speeches of the King's Counſel, or their fhewing the
Record of the Warrant for Execution, &c. to every one of the Prisoners; or
the Courts denying the Priſoners Counſel, becauſe it is very neer the fame
throughout; and therefore there is here fubjoyned only a breviate of each per-
fons defence, referring the more unfatisfied and curious to the Original and en-
tire Copy of them.
Harriſon began his by a ftrange argumentation,from the notoriety of the Fact,
that it was not done in a corner; that he believed God was with his fervants in
thoſe days, (however it feemed good to him to fuffer this turn to come upon
them:) that he had defired to know the minde of God in it; but he had recei-
ved
1660.
463
England, Scotland and Ireland.
ved no conviction of the evil of it, but rather affurance; profeffed the harm-
lefneſs of his Nature to Man, Woman, and Childe; that he followed not his
own judgement, but his Confcience to the Lords that he had fuffered impri-
fonment, becauſe he would not turn afide from the Caufe to Oliver, and refufed
his temptation of fitting at his right hand: That what he had done in this
matter, was by authority of Parliament; and that this, nor any other inferiour
Court, hath any Cognizance or Jurifdiction on that: and therefore, they could
not queſtion him that acted in obedience to that Authority; and that he did act
in the fear of God.
Hereat the Court and Auditory were agaſt, and cried, Away with him, for
he made God the Author of his wickednels: and as to the pretended Authori-
ty, and his Actions he warranted thereby, It was anſwered, that if the Lords
and Commons in full Houſes had then taken upon them fuch Authority, it had
yet been Treafon : For the Lords and Commons do not, nor never did, con-
ftitute a Parliament, without the King; but that there was not an eighth part
of the House of Commons that contrived and ordered this Treaſon.
And to
this purpoſe ſpoke Mr. Annefly, now Earl of Angleſey, and Mr. (now Lord J
Hollis, ripping up the violence and infolence of this Priſoner and his Affociates
in forcing the House of Coinmons, and fecluding them and other Members
thereof in December 1648. That this difcourfe was to Infect the people; and
Sir Edward Turner added, that he had the Plague all over him and the whole
Court unanimoufly, and feverally, rejected that treaſonable Tenet of an Autho
rity in both or either Houſes without the King; and over-ruled that Plea. To
which Harriſon was inftant for Counſel to aſſiſt him. After fome interlocuti-
ons, he began a difcourfe of the War; the Kings fetting up his Standard a-
gainst the people (and that God is no refpecter of perfons) and thedding of
innocent blood and being interrupted there, avouching tlie fame Authority
again, he profeft his abhorrence of blacking the King æquivocated with his
bringing the King to his Tryal from Hurſt-caſtle; for he was commanded to
do it from the General: At laft he urged his impreparation for his Tryal, being
fix months a clofe Prifoner; but that he had fome Acts of the Parliament rea-
dy to produce to his juftification: and here he concluded. And Judgement be-
ing demanded, the Jury gave in their Verdict, (which they did without ftirring
from the place) and Sentence was paft upon him, in theſe words: You are to The Sentence.
be led back to the place from whence you came, and from thence to be drawn on
a Hurdle to the place of Execution, and there you ſhall be hanged by the Neck;
and being alive fhall be cut down, your privy Members to be cut off, your Entrails
to be taken out of your Body, and you living, the fame to be burnt before your
eyes and your Head to be cut off, your Body to be divided into four parts, and your
Head and Quarters to be diſpoſed at the pleaſure of the Kings Majefty. And fo he
was returned to Newgate, in order to Execution.
Colonel Adrian Scroop was next fet to the Bar; and after ſome challenge of col. Adrian
the Jury, which (as Harriſon did before, and all the reft after) was to pick out Scroop.
the meanelt of them, afraid of the Gentry, over whom they had tyrannoufly
and infolently Lorded; and convicted by the fame evidence of fitting in the
High Court, and fubfcribing the Warrant, &c. As alfo by the teftimony of Sir
Richard Brown, the Lord Mayor Elect for the next year, who witneffed that
fince the Return of the King, in fome accidental conference, he feemed to al-
low and approve of the Fact, by faying, Many people did not think it fuch a
heynous matter, or that fome be of one minde, and fome of another : which
he denied now to have exprefly faid; but bewailed the misfortune of that En-
counter with Sir Richard; for whereas before he was not excepted out of the Act.
of Indemnity,the very lalt day it paſſed he was by that means even then excepted.
He juftih.d that Authority, and the Fact committed by that Authority, but not
the perfon; proteſted he had no malice againit the King,and that it was an errour
of Judgement, not of his Will: that he took the Parliament's Authority for va-
lid, (but over-ruled by a precedent Tryal acquainted the jury that he lay under
a great prejudice by the Fact, and defired them to confider his Cafe as they
Would
0002
464
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
would their own; and hinted at the benefit of the Proclamation: he was found
likewife guilty, and fentenced.
Carew tryed. John Carew was next fet to the Bar, who rambled into the diſcourſe of Har-
rifon talkt of the Fear of God, and the Authority of the Parliament by which
Scot tryed,
O&ob. 12.
:
he acted that he declined it at firft,but being put in the Act for Tryal,could not
difobey the Lord nor the Parliament; acknowledged his fitting and figning, but
not his guilt therein, but highly vindicated the Parliament and their Power to
the Jury; but was fentenced as the reft.
To Thomas Scot the fame Witneffes were produced in all things as the for-
mer; only he added, that the Authority of the remaining Members might be
as good as the Parliament was when the Biſhops were excluded; and if two E-
ftates may take away a third, if the fecond do not continue to Execute their
Truft, he that is in occupancie may have a title to the whole: by which Ar-
gument, he affirmed the Parliaments Authority. To this was answered, that
the Biſhops were taken away by an Act, with the conſent of the King, Lords,
and Commons; and that the Juftification of this blafphemous principle (as the
Lord Finch termed it, as alfo Lord Annefly and the whole Court) was unfuf-
ferable, and High Treafon. Mr. William Lenthall, Mr. Theophilus Biddulph,
and Lord Mayor Elect, were fworn to prove, that he ſaid he would have it
written on his Grave, That Here lies Thomas Scot,one that adjudged the King to
Death. And to this purpoſe, afterwards in the Houſe, upon the Diffolution of
the Parliament, he was heard to have added, Since it is your pleasure to Diffolve
the Houfe, I know not how to hinder ; but when that is done, I know not where to
Gregory Cle- bide my hated head. Gregory Clement waved his Plea, and confeffed his Crime,
and delivered a Petition, as Waller had done before. And Colonel Jones made
Colonel Jones little defence, but acquiefced upon the proof of his fitting and figning; and
fo they all had Sentence as before,
ment.
Cook, October
23:
The Sollicitour John Cook, was next Arraigned, for Affuming a Power over
the King's Life; for drawing and exhibiting the Charge; for demanding Judg-
ment; for preffing the Charge to be taken pro Confeffo; in fum, for being inftru-
mental in the Kings Death. To this he Anfwered very acutely, to the glory
of his
parts, and infamy of his practice, and to fet up his Law above the Gof-
pel, from whence he borrowed St. Pauls elegant Defence, Neither against the
Law, nor against Cæfar have I, I hope, offended. He alledged, he was but Coun-
fel, and acted in his Sphere for his Fee: in that his Crime was avaritia, of co-
vetoufnels; not malitia, nor fally nor Treaſonably, in adviſing the Charge :
that he was no Sword-man: that he executed no Power over the King: that
in drawing the Charge, he diſcharged rather the part of a good Subject; for
the King being Priſoner, to accelerate his Tryal was a Courtefie; that he had
retrencht the prolixity of it to that purpoſe: he denyed the examining of any
Witneffes againſt the King: that in demanding Judgment, he did not mean
Judgment against the King of Condemnation, but of Abſolution. He obfer-
ved, that the word Inftrumental in the exception of the Act, was infignificant,
or otherwiſe incomprehenfive of him: that by the Kings gracious Letter, a
Free Parliament was to declare the excepted perfons; which this could not be,
not being called by his Majefties Writ. All which were fully Anfwered by
Sir Heneage Finch; but for fear I may pervert or miſs the finewy ſtrength of that
Reply, this fhall fuffice to be the reduction; That his entring the Charge, and a
proteftation in the Conclufion of Liberty to put in a new one, and defiring that
the King as a Traytor may be brought to Juftice, was no fuch demand as could
be imagined to end in acquittal: that to the Act of Indemnity, the Parliament
having made a ſpecial provifo,and inſerted him by name therein,the Words con-
cluding him, it is not material what the ſubſequent Reaſons are; fo that though
he might ſay, the Parliament was miſtaken in their Reafon, yet not in their
Conclufion.
As to the Kings Letter from Breda referring all Crimes and Offences foever to
a Free Parliament (that the Honour of the King might be for ever Sacred) he
faid,
1666.
465
England, Scotland and Ireland.
faid, that in caſe the Parliament, was not a right Parliament, that Letter in it
felf is no Pardon, until it had been under the Broad Seal, and in more exprefs
terms, as in the Cafe of Sir Walter Raleigh: but as to the Parliament, it is plain
the King meant this Parliament, the Letter being directed to the Speaker of
our House of Commons; to them it was left to provide for fecurity and indem-
nity, and to expiate this crying Sin; and to difpence his Mercy and Juſtice in
this particular: they then Addrefs themſelves to his Majefties Clemency for the
whole Nation, and the Kings Proclamation grants a Pardon; fo that this muſt
needs be the Parliament, though as the times were, it were not fo duly Confti-
tuted, but fince Confirmed by his Majefty. It was added by Mr. Windham,
that words and advice, when the Act follows, will make any Counſellor guilty :
as if a Counſellor fhould advife one man to kill another, and he does it. All
was fum'd up in an accurate repetition of it,withEvidence and Defence,by Sir Or
lando Bridgman, and he thereupon found guilty.The Court ufed him very civilly,
and he fhewed very much refpect and reverence to the Court, behaving himſelf
to the removing of that prejudice which the generality had of him, as of a Mon-
fter. But fee what a narrow Fortune,and the ftreights of Debt, and the Devils
wide World, and vaft Preferments can tempt man to, fince his firft Delufions
bewitcht our underſtanding!
Hugh Peters came to the Bar. He was charged with contriving the Kings Death Peters, Octob.
at Ware with Oliver Cromwel, at Windfor, at Coleman-ftreet, at the Painted Gham- 13.
ber, Bradshaw's Houſe; that in a Sermon he had compared the King to Barab-
bas: that in another, the Text whereof was to bind Kings in Chains, &c. he
had declared, that there was an Act of Gods own making, that they that ſpilt
mans blood, by man ſhould his blood be ſpilt; and that out of that Law nei-
ther the King, nor Prince, or Prince Rupert, nor none of that rabble are except-
ed: that on the Twenty feventh of January he had Preached before the High
Court of Juſtice, at Westminster, on the 14 of Iſaiah, 18, 19. verfes; All the
Kings of the Earth, &c. All he faid to this, was to cavil at the Witneffes: he
declared his courfe of Life,and his Orthodox perfeverance; but, as to the pur-
pofe, he faid he was forry to hear of his carriage towards the King, but he had
no malice toward him, but was meerly engaged in he Army. He was alfo up-
on fufpition of being the Executioner, but he proved he was fick a bed that
day, fo Cook and he were Sentenced together. Daniel Axtel was next fet to Daniel Astels
the Bar, (He had eſcaped as he thought the exception in the A&, being lately
added to this miferable number, for there was other blood barbaroufly fhed by
him, that lay upon him) and charged with imagining and compaffing the
Kings Death; the overt A&t whereof was commanding the Guard at his Try-
al; his beating the Souldiers for not crying out Juftice and Execution; for bid-
ding them to do it, and to ſhoot at a Lady, ſuppoſed the Lady Fairfax,whom
he there termed Whore, for faying that Cromwel was a Rogue, and that the
twentieth part of the People never confented to the Tryal of the King. For de-
fence he ſaid, that he was Commanded thither by his General,whom the Lords
and Commons had Commiffioned: that they had declared themſelves to be the
Interpreters of the Law; and if he had not obeyed his Generals Command, he
was then liable to the Puniſhment: that that Statute of 25 Edward the
did not extend to private perfons in that Cafe: that Jermyn, Nichols,and Thorpe
Judges, had declared, that it was lawful and juſtifiable to obey the Parliament:
that if the Collected body in Parliament be guilty of Treafon, where will they
find a Jury to try him in the diftributed part of the People? (Here he was
charged for being one of thofe that actually and in perfon put the force upon'
the Houſe, by Mr. Annefly, and made the Parliament a Juncto.) To this he an
fwered, That he was not to Juftifie that fault; for being no Statefman,he did as
commanded: produced his Commiffion; faid, that Fairfax, nay General Monke
were guilty for acting by the fame Commiffion: that it was no Treafon to
filence a Lady that fpoke impertinently and being charged with ſmiling at
the fame time, he ſaid that was no Treafon; that he was ſet there to keep the
3°
Peace
466
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Colonel Hacker
William Hew-
let.
Daniel Harvey
Ifaac Penning-
}
ton.
Henry Marten
:
Peace that the People and Souldiers did cry Justice, Justice; & to quiet the Soul-
diers,he might beat them,and fay, I'le Justice you, I'le Execution you. That at the
worst, Juftice being an Attribute of God, it were no Treafon to require it; and
that the execution of it is no more. He took much advantage of a Witneſs
againſt him, who faid he had been impriſoned by him his Evidence was
about hiring the Executioner; to which one Nelfon likewife, and Hewlet was
named. That, as Cook faid before, he neither Sentenced, Signed, Sealed, nor
Sate that Throgmorton in Queen Maries days was acquitted for Words that
Words may make a Heretick, not a Traytor; and cited Sir Edward Coke, urged
alſo the Statute of Hen. 7. ayding the King de facto. He was answered to all,
that there are no excuſes for Treafon: That the Parliament could never give
any Authority to Murther the King, nor the General; nor was it in his Com-
miffion to Guard the Court of Juftice at Westminster-Hall, nor to cry for Exe-
cution that any of thoſe things was an Overt Act of his imagination, and
Proved fufficiently, that Juftice and Execution was the intent of Murthering
the King; and his wrathful Speech to the Lady diſcovered it. After a little
Conſultation, the Jury brought him in guilty to whom he had pleaded his Fa-
mily and fmall Children.
Colonel Francis Hacker was the next. He was Charged with Guarding the
King at the High Court of Juftice; of taking him from Colonel Tomlinson the
day of Execution; for Signing of the Warrant of Execution to him that
did it, (writ by Cromwel; but who the man was named in it, his memory
could not tell, or he would not,upon much inquifition: ) that he was on the
Scaffold, and brought the King thither. He Pleaded little, and faid, he was
under Authority and that he did not read the Warrant that Cromwel writ, and
fo could not inform the Court concerning the fame. He was alſo tound guilty,
His being the moſt Overt Act in compalling the Kings Death.
William Hewlet, a Serjeant of Colonel Hewfon's Regiment, was Indicted
for being the man that was in the Frock, and cut off the Kings Head: it was
averred from his own Confeffion, by three feveral witneffes; and as many atteft-
ed it was Brandon the Common Executioner: that he, viz. the Executioner,
was put into a Boat, and trembled (after it was done) every joynt of him that
he affirmed as much to the Lord Capel at his Suffering by the fame Axe, of
which the Executioner affured him. He faid, that he could make it appear he
was not upon the Scaffold that day, nor near it, for that he and other Serje-
ants were ſecured that day, for refufing to be there; but the other Witneſſes
Evidence being exprefs, He was found guilty. The Court gave him all the
advantage that could be, and reprieved him, fo that he Suffered not.
The other of the Judges that rendred themſelves upon the Proclamation
were called. Mr. Daniel Harvey was called firft, who pleaded his ignorance,
and no malice, for that he Signed not, though he was prefent at Sentence:
then he proved by witneſs his Reluctancy of Conſcience, his endeavours with
few others to adjourn the Court upon the Kings motion; that he reſolved
to have no more to do with them; and that he endeavoured to fave his
Life.
Iſaac Pennington next, Pleaded his ignorance, and no malice, and utterly re-
fuſed to Sign the Warrant.
Henry Marten, againſt whom the Sitting, Signing, and Sealing were proved,
and alfo that at the meeting of the High Court of Juftice, before they went in-
to Westminster-Hall, being in the Painted Chamber, and upon the Landing of
the King from White Hall to Sir Robert Cotton's Houfe; Crommel upon fight
thereof, asking them this queftion, The first thing the King will demand of us,
will be, by what Authority we bring him before us; what ſhall we say, by whoſe
Authority? After a little paufe, Marten replyed, In the Name and Authority of the
Commons in Parliament Aſſembled, and the good People of England. To this
be antwered, that he had no malice to the King. It was replyed, It is evident
he had against the Government. Further he ſaid, that the Commiſſion ran in
the
1660.
467
England, Scotland and Ireland.
the name of the good people, and fo it was no great matter for him to repeat it.
Here Sir Heneage Finch took hold, and gave notice to the Jury of the entituling
the good people to it, and hoped they would be none of them; and obferved the
impenitence of the Man: then he juftified the Parliament; and though
it were but a remnant of Parliament, yet in the cafe of Commons to a
Cottage, if a ſtick be but left, the Commons appertained to that Cot-
tage. He added conclufively, his acquiefcing in the Royal Government,
fince the King was called in by the People in Parliament, which he intimated as
the Kings beft right, and fo added to his greater Condemnation.
Gilbert Millington Confeffed the Fact, and the guilt of it; and was favoured Gilbert Mif
with an acceptence of it from the Court.
lington.
Alderman Tichburn did the fame, with much candidneſs declaring his fin, Alderman
and ignorance of the atrocity of the Crime; protefted his inability of Contri- Tichburn.
vance, his raw years, his unskilfulness in the Laws; faid he would have rather
gone into a hot Oven than into this bufinefs, if he had known it; inftanced that
Paul was a Perfecutor, and found Mercy; and had rendred himſelf, with the
three before, upon the Proclamation.
Owen Roe pleaded the fame, and his reluctancy to the Kings Sentence, and the Owen Roe.
Proclamation.
Colonel Robert Lilburn did the fame; mentioned his endeavour for with- Robert Lil
drawing the Court of Juftice, as Mr. Harvey ſaid before: that he wept and
burn.
mourned the day of the Kings Death.
Mr. Smith.
66.
Mr. Smith pleaded the fame, and defired the Courts mediation.
John Downes, Vincent Potter, Augustine Garland, Simon Meyne, James Temple, Downs, Pot-
Peter Temple, Thomas Wayt, and William Heveningham,ſet (again) at the Bar. ter, Garland,
Something extraordinary muſt be ſaid of Downes, becauſe he obliged the Court
to hear him, in theſe words, (and they are worthy of mans memory) which he
expreſſed in that abominable Judicature, upon the Kings requeſt of hearing in
Parliament, as he fate between Colonel Wauton, and Mr. Cawley, and Oliver
Cromwel [faid I, Have we hearts of stone, or are we men? They laboured to ap-
peale me, they told me I would ruine both my felf and them. Said I, If I dye
for it, I must do it. Cromwel fate juft the feat below me. He hearing of me
make fome ftir by whispering, he looked at me, and asked if I was my felf;
what I meant to do, that I could not be quiet. So I ſtarted upon the nick when
the Clerk was Commanded by Bradshaw to Read the Sentence, Iftepped up and
faid, My Lords, I have Reasons to offer against it, and I defire the Court may ad-
journ to bear me. Prefently Bradshaw viewed me, and faid, If any Member
diffented, they muſt adjourn. So they did into the Court of Wards, where I
alledged the Kings general fatisfaction to the Parliament, ( that a Common
Priſoner was not uſed fo,but that he might be heard.) I urged the Order of Par-
liament, that upon any emergency or renata in the Court, we fhould apply our
felves to them. To which Cromwel answered, Sure you do not know that you
have to deal with the bardeft hearted man in England. And much other incitati-
on was uſed by ſome of thoſe that are doomed (whom he defired favour not to
nominate) telling me I was either a Sceptick or an Infidel.
Vincent Porter was troubled with a fit of the Stone, and could hardly en-
dure ftanding; and had a Chair to eaſe himſelf, and confeffed the whole
guilt.
Vincent Pota
ter.
Augustine Garland was further accuſed of fpitting in the Kings face, befides Auguft. Gar-
his fitting. He answered, he was a Parliament man but in 1648, and drawn land.
into this buſineſs, and defired no favour from God if he was guilty of that in-
humanity; to avoid which imputation he made this troublefome defence.
Simon Meyn, James and Peter Temple, Pleaded ignorance, and no malice.
Colonel Thomas Wayt Pleaded the fame with Downs for withdrawing the James and Pe
Court, and his Courteties to the Cavaliers Party, and preventing a Petition for ter Temple.
the Kings Murther in Rutland-fhire; and that the firſt day he came to Town,
Tho. Wayt.
Cromwel made him fit the last day of the Court of Justice.
Sir
Simon Meyn,
"
466
Part IV
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Sir Hardrefs
Waller.
Harriſon Exe.
cuted.
Carew ExecH-
ted.
John Cook &
Hugh Peters
Executed.
Thomas Scot,
Gregory Cle-
ment, Adrian
Scroop, and
John Jones
Executed.
Francis Hack-
Sir Hardrefs Waller brought again to the Bar,gave evidence of his penitence;
which my Lord Finch his kinfman allowed here, and deplored him. Hevening-
bam did fhew his forrow; but, both were Condemned.
On Saturday the Fourteenth of October, One thouſand fix hundred and fixty,
between nine and ten of the Clock in the morning, Mr. Thomas Harriſon, or,
Major-General Harrison, according to his Sentence was upon a Hurdle drawn
from Newgate to the place called Charing-crofs, where within certain Rails
lately there made, a Gibbet was Erected, and he hanged with his face looking
towards the Banqueting-houſe at Whitehall (the place where our late Soveraign
of Eternal memory was Sacrificed :) being half dead, he was cut down by the
common Executioner,his Privy Members cut off before his Eyes,his Bowels bur-
ned,his Head ſevered from his Body, and his Body divided into Quarters,which
were returned back to Newgate upon the fame Hurdle that carried it, the People
loudly fhooting at his FaH. His Head was fince fet upon a Pole on the top of
the South-east-end of Weltminster-Hall, looking towards London. The Quarters
of his Body are in like manner expofed upon fome of the City-Gates.
Monday following, being the Fifteenth of October, about the fame hour,
Mr. John Carew was carried in like manner to the fame place of Execution,
where having ſuffered like pains, his Quarters were alſo returned to Newgate
on the fame Hurdle which carried him. His Majefty was pleaſed to give (upon
interceffion made by his Friends) his Body to be buried.
1
Tueſday following, being the Sixteenth of October, Mr. John Cook and
Mr. Hugh Peters were about the fame hour carried on two Hurdles to the fame
place, and Executed in the fame manner, and the Quarters returned in like
manner to the place whence they came. The head of John Cook, was fet on a
Pole on the North-Eaft-end of Westminster-Hall (on the left fide of Mr. Har-
riſon's) looking towards London, and the Head of Mr. Peters on London-Bridge.
Their Quarters were expofed in like manner upon the tops of fome of the
City-Gates.
Wednesday, October Seventeen, about the hour of Nine in the Morning,
Mr. Thomas Scot and Mr. Gregory Clement were brought on ſeveral Hurdies; and
about one hour after, Mr. Adrian Scroop and Mr. John Jones together in one
Hurdle were carried to the fame place, and fuffered the fame death, and were
returned and difpofed of in like manner.
Mr. Francis Hacker and Mr. Daniel Axtel were on Friday the Nineteenth of
er and Daniel October about the fame time of the Morning drawn on one Hurdle from Newgate
Axtel Exech- to Tyburn, and there both Hanged. Mr. Axtel was Quartered, and turned back,
and difpofed as the former; but the Body of Mr. Hacker was (by his Majeſtics
great favour) given entire to his Friends, and buried. Axtel's head was fet up
at the furtheft end of Weſtminſter-Hall.
ted.
Falł.
They dye impi.
Not any one of theſe at his Death expreffed any forrow or Repentance for
nitent as to the the Fact, but juſtified the Authority by which they did it, and themſelves there-
in but whether they agreed now, by a Combination at their death, as in the
Confpiracy of the King's, or whether it were not Diabolical infatuation, or the
Sin and impiety of their Crime, that they were given over to a Reprobate ſenſe,
it is not in man to determine: their Party and Abettors in the Rebellion high-
ly magnified this their obftinacy for Chriſtian Courage, and printed their Pray-
ers and Speeches with all the advantages Revenge and Rebellion could invent
and if they could have brought the Law, the fenfe of the Kingdome, nay, the
whole Word into their mould, they might have paffed for Martyrs for as to
the repugnant fuffrage of Divine Authority, they could and did wreft that with
an cafie finger. Thus much therefore may fuffice to Pofterity concerning the
ends of theſe men, That they were Convicted according to Law, whofe utmoſt
benefit they had, by a Jury of their Peers, against whom they had full liberty
of exception: That the Perfon of the Prince they Murthered, was (beyond
*Cook the So- any parallel) by the confeffion of his Enemies, of fome of thefe, a moft vir-
tuous, moft Innocent, moft Religious, and Fit for the Government: That
licitor.
thefe
{
?
1661.
69
England, Scotland and Ireland.
theſe his Judges and Murtherers were for the most part, nay generally, mean
and defperate perfons, and their hands lifted up by Ambition, Sacriledge, Co-
vetoufnefs, and fuccefs, against the Life of this incomparable Prince, whoſe
lamented and barbarous Death God would not fuffer to go unrevenged, nor
His own facred Name to be Blafphemed, as not only faid by them to be the
Author, but the maintainer of this impiety.
And it is remarkable, that Hugh Peters, who by his Function, as a Prieſt,
had moſt diſhonoured God in Preaching and preffing this Parricide, making
ufe of his holy Writ to this fame wicked purpofe, moft plainly difcovered the
footſteps of the Divine Vengeance in his Tragedy. The miferable Wretch had Hugh Peters's
not a word to ſay for himſelf, or to God, of whom he ſaid he was abandoned : ftupidity.
he that was ſo nimble and quick in all Projects of this nature before, was now
like a Sot or a Fool, playing with the Straw in the Sledge, as he went to Exe-
cution. Of which his fad condition, Cook, his fellow-tufferer, was fo fenfible,
as to pray for fome refpite for him; but it was out of the Sheriffs power, who
attended them in perfon to their refpective Executions. It was obferved alfo
by Scot, who having wifhed the mention of this Fact to be graven on his Tomb,
Digitus Dei hath written it on the Gates of London in fuch bloody Characters
and Hieroglyphicks, that whoever paffes cannot but read it.
Thofe being thus Executed, the other Prifoners that came in upon Pro- Prisoners that
clamation, and were to be refpited from Execution till the pleaſure of the Par- came in upon
liament ſhould be known, were after Sentence remitted to the Tower from Proclamation
whence they came, their Eftates being feized on to the ufe of the King. The refpited.
Quarters of the other had not long been fet up, but a report was raiſed that a
bright Star appeared over thoſe at Aldgate, and this in favour of theſe Saints
as they were termed, and as if it were a Conſtellation of their bright innocence :
but it was obſerved and known to be the Planet Venus then in her greateſt
Elongation from the Sun,the fame diſtance as their Phanatical ſtories were from
the Truth.
Qaeen Mother
This parentation being over to his Father, His Majefties next refpects were
due to his Mother, whoſe welcome to his Kingdomes he could not better ma- arrives in En-
nifeft, or oblige to her, than by rendring them innocent and free of that hor- gland.
rible guilt which had divorced her from her Husband, and eftranged her from
his People. Nor was it juft or civil ſhe ſhould be here received without fatis-
faction and expiation of thoſe Crimes, the very tendencies whereto had ſo rude-
ly driven her to feek her fafety abroad. The King brought her back to his
Palace at White-Hall, after Nineteen years diſcontinuance, the fecond of Novem-
ber: with her came the Illuftrious Princess Henrietta, who had never breathed
Engliſh Air, but fome two years after her birth, which hapned in Exeter,
June 16. 1644. as alfo Prince Edward, brother to Prince Rupert, and to the
Prince Elector Palatine, an abfolute ftranger to thefe Kingdoms. The meeting
could not but be as joyous, after ſo tedious and injurious an abſence, as the en-
tertainment highly Magnificent. On the Sixth of November, the Receſs of the
Parliament being ended, the Lords and Commons met again in Farliament, to
refume their weighty task of fetling the Kingdoms; and a Council for Trade
now began their fitting, according to the Kings Commiflion. Several dange-
rous and peftilent Speeches and Rumours being daily uttered and vented, efpe-
cially by the Fifth Monarchifts at their Meeting-houſe in Coleman-ſtreet and
other places, and Colonel Overton being the chief man of that perfwafion, by
Order of the Councel he was feized, and upon fome further information against
him committed to the Tower for Treafon: which foon after appeared, in fome
of his Opinion. With him Mr. Lentbal, the Speakers Son, was Committed,
upon fulpicion of Counterfeiting the Kings Seal.
Upon the Kings Reftitution, the Marquets of Arguile had the confidence to
come up from Scotland,hoping to have inveagled and obtained his Pardon for all
thoſe baſe Treafons he had acted fo covertly in that Kingdom fince his Majefties
departure; and that his Majetty, according to his gracious inclination, would
PPP
have
The Parliament
re-affemble.
{
470
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
have paft by thoſe many undutiful and irreverent ufages of him, by him and the
Kirk, while He was there among them: but fuch was the general hatred and
deteftation of that People (and especially of the Nobility) againſt him, that
Argyle com- the King gave order for his Commitment while he was waiting at Court. He
defired to ſpeak to the King, but could not be admitted; he defired to ſpeak
with Mr. Calamy, in his way to the Tower, but that was refuſed: from thence
by Sea he was conveyed to Edenburgh, where his Procefs was making ready:
The Earl of Middleton the Kings great Commiffioner following him thither
about the end of December.
mitted.
Death had tafted of the Blood Royal, in the immature deceafe and lamen-
ted Fate of that Noble Henry Duke of Gloucester, as aforefaid: and, as if there
were not only a Circulation of it in every individual, but it naturally ran in
the fame Distempers round a whole Family, the Infection by a kind of Sym-
pathy in the fame Difeafe of the Small Pox feized the Vitals of the moft Illuftri-
Priecefs of Au- ous Mary Princess of Aurange; and in ſpight of all Art and Remedy (though
range dies, De-
the Blooding of her was caufelefly and ignorantly taxed) carried her to the
cemb. 24,
Grave, leaving the whole Court in very great and almoſt diſconfolate ſadneſs,
and her Son the Prince of durange ten years old, and a Moneth over. She
deceaſed on the Twenty fourth of December, her death being ufhered with
fad accident, the overfetting the Afurance-Frigate Riding at Anchor at Wol-
ledge by a fudden guft of Wind; by which difatter ſeveral Perfons of the Ships
Company were drowned.
Parliament
Diffolved.
26.
This happy Parliament, which had rebuilt the Glorious Structure of the
English Ancient and Renowned Government, and had affured the Foundation
thereof in the Eſtabliſhed Throne of our Soveraign, came to its Period. But
that no Revolution of time ſhould obliterate or blot out the memory of thoſe
Excellent worthy things had been done by it for the good of King and King-
dome, his Majefty Honoured it by his Royal mouth with the never-to-be-for-
gotten Epithet of the Healing Parliament; which will undoubtedly recom-
mend it to Pofterity, as long as any grievance, or humours, or diftempers fhall
remain in Church and State.
The Princess of Aurange was buried with a private Funeral; in the narra-
tion of which, I fhall crave leave for this digreffion: there was indeed as much
Honour in that privacy, as there was vain and profane folemnity in the gewgaw
Exequies of Oliver, which wanted of their due Grandeurs till his Execution. In
oppofition therefore to that rabble medly of a Funeral, it will not be extravagant
to ſet down, here, the Compact, yet Illuftrious manner of this Princefs, to thew
the difference betwixt Princes and Ring-leaders of the Rout.
་
On Saturday December the 26th. but five days after her Deceaſe, the chiefeſt
of the Nobility met together in the Houſe of Peers, to attend the Royal Corpfe
of the Princefs, which was brought about Nine a Clock at Night from Somerset-
Princess of Au-
range ber Fu- Houſe thither: from whence they proceeded with the Funeral, through a lane
neral,Decemb. of Guards of the Duke of Albemarl's Regiment of Foot. Firft, went feveral
Gentlemen and Knights; next, the Servants of his Highneſs the Duke of York;
'then the Servants of the Queen; after whom came his Majefties Servants;
and next, thoſe of the Deceaſed Lady: then two Heraulds before James Mar-
queſs (now Duke) of Ormond Lord Steward of his Majetties Houſhold, and
Edward Earl of Manchester Lord Chamberlain of the fame; after whom went
Edward Lord Hide Lord Chancellor of England, with the Purfe and Mace
born before him: after whom came another Herauld with a Coronet upon
black Velvet'; and then the Royal Corpfe carried by her own Servants, the Pall
being ſupported by fix Earls, and the Canopy carried over it by feveral Baronets.
His Highneſs the Duke of York (as principal Mourner) followed the Corpfe with
a Herauld before him, divers perfons of quality bearing his Train. In this
order they came to King Henry the 7th's Chappel, where he was Interred in
a Vault particularly fet apart for the Royal Line.
This
1660.
471
England, Scotland and Ireland,
This Princefs, and the Duke of Gloucester who preceded her to Blifs, needed
no Effigies to prefent them to our Eye, being (like Vertue) not to be Pictured,
and can have no refemblances but in the mind, where with immortality they
have placed their Monuments, to dure and laſt with Eternity it felf.
E contra, on the Thirtieth of January, that the Earth might no longer cover
the Blood which was impioufly and traiteroutly fpilt on that day, Vengeance
purſuing thoſe wicked miscreants even beyond the Sanctuary of the Grave, the
odious Carcaffes of Cromwel, Ireton and Bradshaw,were digged out of the ground, Sejanus ducitur
from thoſe ſumptuous Monuments,which (as they did the Throne in their Life) unco Spectar-
dus, gaudent
they had now ufurped in their Death: they were drawn in a Cart from Weft omnes, que la-
minter, where they were first interred, to the Red Lyon in Holborn, and thence bra quis illis
on Sledges to Tyborn, where they were pulled out of their Coffins, and hang'd vultus erat?
at the feveral Angles or Corners of that accurfed Tree, (with the dregs of Peo- Cromwel, Ire-
ples Curfes and Execrations) from Ten a Clock till Sun-ſetting, and then cut
down; their loathfome Bodies thrown into a deep hole under the Gallows:
their Heads cut off,and placed aloft upon Weſtminſter-Hall. Where they will con-
tinue the Brand-marks of their Potterity, and the expiatory remains of their
accurfed Crime.
Notwithstanding the feizing of many fufpected Perfons, Fifth Monarchiſts,
as Colonel Overton, of whom before, Cornet Day, Courtney, Major Allen, &c. yet
that Sect perfifted in a Devilish defign, which ſoon after, in the beginning of
January, they thus executed.
ton and Brad-
and bang d,&c.
fhaw dig'd up
bang'd,&c.
This strange and unheard-of Action will afford the trueft fight and judg- Venner's In
ment of this Fanatick crew, even beyond all Example or Hiftory of the moft furrection.
perdite fort of men: For but a handful of thefe wild People dared to at-
tempt the City of London, and that at two ſeveral times: Firft, on Sunday the
Sixth of January 1660. After their meeting at Coleman-ſtreet in the fame City
(having then a gracious Liberty from the King for their Devotion) they Ar-
med themſelves, and came to St. Pauls in the Dusk of the Evening, where ha-
ving Muſtered and ordered their ſmall Party, they placed Centinels for the time,
one of whom killed an Innocent Perfon coming by accidentally, for faying,
(when he was demanded by them who he was for) For God and King Charles.
After this Exploit the Alarm being given, and fome Parties of the Trained
Bands coming upon them and Charging them, after they had repulfed thoſe few
Files, they Marched to Bishops-gate, where they paffed, and from thence to
Cripple gate, where they came into the City again, and ſo to Alderfgate, where
the Conftable (being weakly attended) at their threatning him for the Keys,
let them out again. Here they declared themſelves for King Jefus, and their
Friends or Masters upon the Gates: Thence they proceeded to Beech-lane,
where a Headborough oppoſing them, they ſhot him, and killed him. [ It
is obfervable, that none whomfoever, or wherefoever they thot, recovered of
the hurt it being conceived they poyfoned their Bullets and Slugs, by chaw-
ing or other deftructive Art] And fo with all hafte made towards Canewood,
where they lurked a while, refolving to make another Infurrection in the City,
till they were routed by a Party of Horſe and Foot fent to drive them out
thence, and fome Thirty taken Priſoners and brought before the General,
who fent them to the Gate-house.
Notwithſtanding the others, after they had quitted the Wood, returned for
London, with affurance of fuccefs in their begun enterprize; Venner telling them
(a Wine-Cooper by Trade) he was affured that no Weapons formed against them
Should profper, nor a hair of their Head be touched; which their impunity in
their first attempt made them very credulous of, even to an abſolute confi-
dence.
It may not be omitted, that juſt before this fudden eruption, the King was
gone to Conduct his Mother and Sifter (who feared the fame mortal Infectio
on of the fmall Pox, and had had fome grudges thereof) to Portfmonth, in
order to their Embarquing for France; which opportunity they took for their
Rebellious
Ppp 2
1
!
472
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part IV.
Rebellious Tumult, having difpofed, as they thought, the minds of their late.
Party to take part with them, by their Declaration, called, A door of Hope
opened, ſtuft with abominable flanders against the whole Royal Family, and the
General, who (with the Duke of York) appeared preſently with part of the Life-
Guards to ſuppreſs them.
To proceed: on Wednesday-morning, January the Ninth, after the Watches
and Guards were removed, they re-inforced their firft Enterprize. Their firft
effort and appearance was at Thredneedle-ftreet, where they alarm'd the Train-
ed Band that was to watch all that Day; a Party of whom being fent out to
follow them, were forced to retreat to their Mainguard, who Marching in a
Body towards them, the Fifth-Monarchiſts retreated into Bishops-gate-street, ſome
of them into an Ale-houſe known by the Sign of the Helmet, where,after a ſharp
Difpute, two were killed, and as many taken; the fame number being killed
and wounded of the Trained-Bands. The next fight of them (for they were
juſt like wild-fire) was at Colledg-Hill, by which way they went up into Cheap-
fide, and fo into Wood-street, Venner being their chief Leader, having a Murrion
on his Head, and a Halbert in his Hand. Here was the main and fierceft Acti-
on; for they fought ftoutly with two of the Trained-Bands of Foot, in very
good Difcipline and Order. Here alſo they received a Charge from the Horfe
of the Life-Guard, whom they put to the Retreat, till being over-powr'd,
and Venner kneckt down and wounded with Shot, Tufney and Crag, two more
of the chief of their Teachers being killed by him, they began to give ground,
and foon after difperfed themſelves in flight, taking feveral routs and ways.
The greateſt part of them went down Wood-street to Cripple-gate, firing in the
Rear at the Trained-Bands of Yellow, then in clofe purfuit of them. This
Train-Band lodged ten of them in the Blew-Anchor Alehouſe by the Poftern;
which houſe they maintained. Soon after came Lieutenant-Colonel Cox with
his Company, and furrounded all places about it. In the interim, part of the
Yellow aforesaid had gotten up into the Tylings of the next Houſe, which they
threw off, and fired in, the Rebels being in the uppermoft Room, who even
then refufed Quarter; when at the very fame time another File of Muskets got
up the Stairs, and having ſhot down the door, entred upon them: fix of them
were killed before, another wounded, and one refufing of Quarter, then alfo
was knockt down with the But-end,and afterwards fhot with a Musket. The
reſt being demanded why they craved not quarter before? anſwered, They durft
not, for fear their own Fellows should shoot them; fuch was their Refolution
and Defperation.
The whole number of this laft Infurrection cannot be reckoned to more than
Fifty Perfons though not above Forty were ever ſeen together, yet ſo great
was their confidence in the Revelations of their Teachers, that they prefumed
to Subdue and Conquer with that ſmall remnant, alluding to that Hiſtory of Gi-
deon recorded in Holy Writ; admitting of no other Sect but the Quakers,
(and but thoſe alfo who agreed with them in the Tenet of their Monarchy)
being the neareſt of Affinity to their Enthuſiaſtick Opinions, to have the ho-
nour of partaking with them in this their great and glorious Defign, as they
termed it in their aforefaid Declaration; wherein they further Blafphemously
faid, That if they were deceived or misled, 'twas God that deceived them; laying
their delufions, and charging their finful and defperate folly upon him as the
Author.
: )
In this Tumult and Rebellious Infurrection were flain of the Kings Peo-
ple Twenty two, and as many of the Traytors, moft whereof were killed in
Houſes; and fome after being taken Prifoners, for refufing to tell their Names
were preſently ſhot. There were taken Twenty, befides a few upon ſuſpicion :
the Twenty were as followeth, viz. Thomas Venner the Wine-cooper their
Captain, Roger Hodgkins a Button-feller in St. Clements lane Lumbard-ftreet i
Leonard Gowler, Jonas Allen, John Pym, William Orfingham, William Ashton,
Giles
1660.
473
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Giles Pritchard a Cow-keeper, Stephen Fall, John Smith, William Corbet,
John Dod, John Elfton, Thomas Harris, John Gardener, Robert Bradley, Richard
Marten, John Pathal, Robert Hopkins, and John Wells; five of theſe had
been in the defign againft Oliver, as before. Thefe were brought to the
Bar together; the Wounded-men had Chairs allowed them: and after the
Indictment read to them, which was laid both to Treaſon and Murther, Thomas
Venner was first called, who, when he had held up his hand at his Arraignment,
being asked Guilty, or Not Guilty, began a wild Phanatique difcourſe about
his Converfation in New England, and concerning the Fifth Monarchy, and the
Teſtimony within him above thefe Twenty years, with fuch like impertinent dif-
courſes and ſtories. He confeffed he was in the late Rifing, but was not guilty
of Treafon, intending not to levy War against the King; and fo fallied out into
the fame nonfenfical defences as at firft: but at the Court's inftance of his
Pleading directly to the Indictment, he answered Not Guilty, and put himſelf
upon his Country. In the like manner Hodgkins, after fome rambling diverfi-
ons from his preſent Bufinefs, and the Threats of the Court of his being Re-
corded Mute, and the fubmiffion of the rest of his Fellows, (who all pleaded,
after fome previous excurfions in their way and manner) pleaded likewife to
the Indictment: whereupon the Witneffes being fworn, two againſt every par-
ticular Perſon, they made it appear, That Venner, Tufney, and Cragg, (the two
laft whereof were flain in the Buſineſs) did ſeveral times perfwade their Con-
gregation to take up Arms for King Jefus, against the Powers of the Earth, (which
were his Majetty, the Duke of York and the General :) That they were to kill
all that oppoſed them: That they had been Praying and Preaching, but not Acting
for God: That they Armed themselves at their Meeting-houſe in Coleman-freet
with Blunderbuffes, Mufquets, &c. and other particular Evidence againſt each
to matter of Fact. The proof againſt Martin, Hopkins and Wells was not fo
full, and againſt Pathal only one Witneſs; who were acquitted by the Jury.
The other fixteen being found Guilty, and brought to the Bar, were demand-
ed to fhew Caufe why Sentence fhould not paſs againſt them, &c. The Lord
Chief Juftice Foster charging this Venner with the Blood of his Complices by
his Seduction and leading of them; He answered, He did not. To which the
Witneſſeſs being produced again, he Blafphemously quibled, and ſaid, It was
not be, but Jefus that led them. Three of them confeft their Crime and Er-
ror, and craved Mercy; fo they were all fixteen Condemned to be Hang'd,
Drawn, and Quartered. According to which Sentence, on Saturday January 19.
1660, Venner and Hodgkins (both uncured of the Wounds they received in
their Rebellion) being guarded by two Companies of the Trained-Bands, were
drawn on a Sledge from Newgate through Cheapfide, over againſt their Meet-
ing-houſe in Swan-Alley in Coleman-street, and Executed according to their Sen-
tence. Venner ſpoke little but in vindication of himſelf and his Fact, and ſome-
thing of his Opinion, being confident the Time was at hand when other Judg. There were Two
ment would be reflecting much upon the Government.
The other, Hodgkins, Executed in
raved and curfed in manner of Praying, calling down Vengeance from Heaven Cheap-fide the
upon the King, the Judges, and the City of London; nor would he give over, fame day Pri-
though the Sheriff forbad him to run on in that ftrange way, until the Hang
man was haftned from his Imployment of Quartering Venner, to turn him off, keeper and ano.
fo as in that mad Religion they lived, in the fame they dyed. Their Quarters
were fet upon the Four Gates of the City by the late Executed Regicides, whofe
Quarrel and Revenge they undertook in this their Phanatique Attempts their
Heads alfo fet upon Poles by fome of them on London-Bridge.
On Munday the Twenty first of January Nine more of them were Execu-
ted all in one Morning, at five feveral places, by one Executioner, Two at the
Weft-end of St. Pauls, two at the Ball and Mouth, two at Beech-lane, Two at
the Royal Exchange; and a notable Fellow, the laft, by name Leonard Gowler,
at Bishops-Gate. They all obftinately perfifted in their Error (especially the
laft, who began with Imprecations like Hodgkins, and was filenced the fame
way,
chard the Cowa
ther of them.
474
Part IV
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
او
Sir Arthur Ha-
zelrig dies.
Mr. Crofton
committed.
way by the Command of the Sheriff) cxcepting a Young man who was Hang-
ed in Redcrofs-ftreet, who did relent and Repent of his Sin, and the Blood he
had ſpilt, but yet dyed in the Opinion of Chilianifm. After they were cut
down, the Sentence was not Executed upon them to the full, only their Heads
were cut off, and fit upon London-Bridge.
Moft remarkable was the prudence and valour of the Right-Honorable Sir Ri-
chard Brown the Lord Major, in this tumultuary and dangerous Infurrection.
He it was whom they defigned as a Sacrifice to their firft outrages; and had they
met with a perſon of indifferency of Spirit, had undoubtedly lurprized the Ma-
giftracy and Government of this Famous City, and in him ſubdued (their great
Quarrel) Authority.
Sir Arthur Haflerig died a Prifoner in the Tower of London, with impatience
at the happiness of the Times; and Mr. Crofton, an eminent ſtickler for Presby-
tery, came in his room.
But we muft pafs to the Glories of the entrance of the Year One thouſand
fix hundred fixty one, the Thirteenth of the Kings Reign.
f
Anno Domini 1661.
ND now, left any of theſe ſcattered Rays and refractions of this Mo-
Anarchs Glory fhould be dimmed or difappear in the obfcurity of Time,
we will tranflate them to their bright Orb (as Jupiter is feigned to have Stel-
lified his Heroes) encircle them in the Diadem, Eternize them in that Spherical
Figure, and fix them in his Crown, the FIRMAMENT of his paft, pre-
fent, and future greatnefs: the Celebrity of which Action is not lefs due to the
intrinfick matter, than to the outward beauteous form; it being not fo much an
excess of Pomp, as a Boundary of Government; not fo much height of Glo-
ry, as profoundneſs of State-reafon; and in that large capaciouſneſs may juftly
paſs for the confummation and perfect excellence of all Regal felicity. This,
was the Crown profaned by the lewd hands of thoſe proftitute Members at
Westminster, when the Regalia were feized on by them, and by H. M. his ad-
vice thought fit to be alienated to the Publique, that is, fhared among the Ufur-
pers. This was the Crown, afterwards violated, deprived, and widdowed of
that Sacred and Royal Head of King Charles the Martyr. This was the
Crown which alone of all the Infignia of Majefty, (as Elijah of all the Pro-
phets that had not bowed their knees to Baal) abhorred the Idolatry of Crom-
wel's ufurpation, and eſcaped the raviſhing and polluted hands of that Tyrant;
when like Caligula, that fet the heads of the gods upon his own Statues, he
affumed all the other Regalities of his rightful Soveraign, but could no way
fit this Sacred Symbole of Majefty (though he could all other Holy things, and
the Scripture it felf,) to his impious defignments. That was that Crown
which the Malignity of a dire Peftilence had envied the fight and bleffing
thereof to the City of London, his Majefties Imperial Chamber (which fadly felt
the other Plagues of War and Want in a more forcible abfence of it thereafter)
at his Royal Fathers Inauguration, and was now Boded and beſpoke with the
like Contagion, when never were the Influences of Heaven more curiously pro-
pitious, the two Serene days of that Solemnity exficcating and exhaling thofe
vapours, which a long moiſture to the danger of a Flood did feem to portend.
Laftly, this was that Crown, whofe juft and ancient Difcent, under which we
have flouriſhed ever fince we were a Nation, till our late Anarchy; upon the
Head of this Miraculous Prince, now vindicated it felf from the indignities and
affaults of baſe and infolent Demagogues, who from our Kings regardlefnefs of
State and Sovereignty, have evermore wrought their contempt in the Subject :
who now, with a like joy of reverence, fear, and love,beheld this awful and most
delightful Triumph which is here related.
HIS
1661.
0475
England, Scotland and Ireland.
-
}
IS Majeſty on the Twenty fecond of April early in the Morning paffed
H
from Whiteball to the Tower by Water, from thence to go through the
City to Westminster Abby, there to be Crowned.
Two days were allotted to the Confummation of this great and moft cele-
brated Action, the wonder, and admiration, and delight of all Perfons both
Forraign and Domeftick: and pity it was, that the folid and lafting happineſs
it portended fhould not have taken up a Month, and given it the name
Coronalis.
Coronation.
First therefore we begin with the City of London, which participating the The King's pas
greateſt ſhare of that inexpreffible happiness that the Three Kingdoms received (age through
by the aufpicious Reftoration of the King, took eccafion to exprefs in this London to his
Triumph of his Majefties Coronation their joy, and gladness with the great-
eft Magnificence imaginable: They fpared not therein any coft to manifeft their
affectionate duty to the King, confidering, that if ever exceffive charges might
be juftified, this fignalizing their affection at this time might well be al-
lowed.
1
2
In his paffage through Crouched Friers, He was entertained with Mufick,
a Band of Eight Waits, placed on a Stage. Near Algate, with another Band
of Six Waits in like manner, with Mufick, from a Balcony.
In Leaden-Hall Strett, near Lime-Street end, was Erected the First Triam-
phal Arch after the Dorick Order: on the North-fide, on a Pedeſtal, before the
Arch, was a Woman perfonating REBELLION, mounted on a Hydra, in
a Crimſon Robe torn, Snakes crawling on her Habit, and begirt with Serpents,
and her Hair Snaky a Crown of Fire on her Head; a bloody Sword in one
hand, a Charming Rod in the other. Her attendant, CONFUSION, in
a deformed Shape, a Garment of feveral ill-matched Colours, and put on the
wrong way; on her Head Ruines of Caftles; torn Crowns, and broken Scep-
ters in each Hand.
On the South-Pedeſtal was a Reprefentation of BRITAIN'S MO-
NARCHY, fupported by LOYALTY, both Women; Monarchy in a
large purple Robe, adorn'd with Diadems and Scepters over which, a
loofe Mantle, edg'd with blue and filver Fringe, refembling Water, the Map
of Great Britain drawn on it on her Head London, in her right hand, Eden-
burgh; in her left, Dublin: Loyalty all in White, three Scepters in her right
Hand, three Crowns in her left.
The firft Painting on the South-fide is a Profpect, of His Majefties landing
at Dover-Caſtle, Ships at Sea, great Guns going off, one kheeling and kiffing
the Kings Hand Souldiers, Horfe and Foot, and many people gazing.
Above,
Yo
ADVENTUS AUG.
The whole Tablet repreſenting his Majefties bleffed Arrival.
Beneath the Painting, this Motto,
IN SOLIDO RURSUS FORTUNA LOCAVIT.
Alluding to that of Virgil,
Thus rendred,
i
?
« Fortune, reviving thofe She tumbled down,
"Sporting, reftores again unto the Crown.
1
5
Above the Arch, on two Pedeftals, South-ward and North-wards flood
the Statues of King JAMES, and King CHARLES I. In the middle
fomewhat higher, jult over the Arch, the Statue of his Sacred Majeſty. Un-
der that of King James,
DIVO JACOBO.
Under that of King Charles I.
i
DIVO CAROLO.
Under
476
Part IV
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
.
}
}
1
1
:
Under that of his Majefty, this following Infcription;
D. N.
CAROLO II.
D. G. BRITANNIARUM
OPT. MAX.
UBIQUE VENERANDO,
SEMPER Au G.
IMP.
BEATISSIMO AC PIISSIMO,
BONO REIP. NATO.
DE AVITA BRITANNIA,
ET OMNIUM HOMINUM GENERE
MERITISSIMO.
P. P.
EXTINCTORI TYRANNIDIS,
.
RE STITUTORI LIBERTATIS,
FUNDATORI QUIETIS,
OB FELICEM REDITUM,
EX VOTO L. M.
P.
S. P. Q. L.
Upon his Majeſties advance to the East-India-Houfe in Leader-ball-ſtreet, the
East-India Company took occafion to express their dutiful Affections to his
Majefty, by two Youths in Indian Habit; one attended by two Black-moors i
the other Youth in an Indian Veft, mounted upon a Camel, led cut by two
Black-Moors, and other Attendants, the Camel having two Panniers filled with
Jewels, Spices, and Silks, to be ſcattered among the Spectators.,
>
The next Entertainment was at Corn-bil-Conduit, on the top of which flood
eight Nymphs clad in White, each having an Escutcheon in one Hd, and a
Pendent and Banner in the other. On the Tower of the faid Conduit, a
Noife of Seven Trumpets.
F
ગ્
Near
1661.
477
England, Scotland and Ireland.
!
Ear the Exchange, in Corn-bill, was erected the fécond Arch, which was
NⓇ Naval
On the East-fide were two Stages Erected; on each fide of the Street one.
In that on the South-fide was a Perfon repreſenting the River Thames.
In the other Stage on the North-fide, which was made like the upper Deck
of a Ship, were three Seamen, whereof one habited like a Boat-fwain.
A Shield, or Table, in the Front of the Arch, o're this Infcription.
f
NEPTUNO
BRITANNICO,
C AROL O II.
cujus
ARBITR FO
MARE
።
VEL LIBERUM, VEL CLAUSUM.
The firft Painting on the North-fide over the City-Arms, reprefented NEP-
TUNE with his Trident advanced; the Inſcription
NEPTUNO REDUCI
On the South-fide, oppofite, MARS with his Spear inverted, his Sheild
charged with a Gorgon; by his Knees the Motto
MARTI PACIFERO.
Over the Arch, the Marriage of Thame and Ifis.
The Painting on the North-fide, over Neptune, did Repreſent the Exchange :
the Motto
*
----GENERALIS LAPSI SARCIRE RUINAS.
The uppermoft great Table in the fore-ground reprefented King Charles
the Firſt, with the Prince, now Charles the Second, in his Hand; viewing the
·Soveraign of the Sea, the Prince leaning on a Cannon, the Infcription,
1
O nimium dilecte Deo, cui militat Æquor,
Et conjurati veniunt ad Claffica Venti.
For thee OnFove's delight, the Seas engage,
And muſter'd Winds, drawn up in Battle, Rage.
?
At the Stocks, the Entertainment was a Body of Military Mufick, placed
on a Balcony, confifting of fix Trumpets, and three Drums; the Fountain there
being after the Thufean Order, venting Wine and Water.
In like manner, on the top of the great Conduit, at the Entrance of Cheap-
fide, there was, another Fountain out of which iffued both Wine and Water,
as in a Repreſentation of Temperance and on the feveral Towers of that
Conduit were eight Figures, habited like Nymphs, with Efcutcheons in one
hand, and Pendants or Banners in the other; and between each of them
Wind-Mufick; the number eight.
On the Standard alfo in Cheap-fide there was a Band of Waits placed,
confifting of fix Perfonsa
?
The
478-
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A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
1
1
THE
"He third Triumphal Arch ftood near Wood-street-end, not far from the
place, where the Grofs ſometimes ſtood. It Repreſented an Artificial
Building of two Stories, one after the Corinthian way of Architecture, the
other after the Compofite, Repreſenting the Temple of Concord; with this ferip-
tion on a Shield,
ÆDEM
CONCORDI Æ,
IN HONOREM OPTIMI PRINCIPIS,
cujus ADVENTU
BRITANNIA TERRA MARIQUE PACATA,
ET PRISCIS LEGIBUS REFORMATA EST,
an
AMPLIOREM
RESPLENDIDIOREM
RESTITUIT,
S P Q L.
In the Spandrils of the Arch there were two Figures, in Female Habits
leaning: One repreſenting PEACE, the other TRUTH. That of Peace
had Her Shield charged with an Helmet, and Bees Iffuing forth, and going into
it; the Word,
PAX BELLO POTIOR.
Truth on the other fide in a thin Habit, on her Shield Time bringing
Truth out of a Cave; the Word,
TANDEM EMERSIT.
Over the great Painting upon the Arch of the Cupula, was reprefented a large
GERYON with three Heads Crowned, in his three right-hands, a Lance,
Sword, and a Scepter, in his three left-hands, the three Efcutcheons of Eng-
land, Scotland, and Ireland; before him the Kings Arms with three Imperial
Crowns; beneath¹ in great Letters,
CONCORDIA INSUPERABILIS.
Here the City Recorder, Sir William Wild, made a Speech, and prefented
the King with a Pürfe of Gold.
On the little Conduit, at the lower End of Cheap-fide, were placed four
Figures, or Nymphs, each of them having an Escutcheon in one hand, and a
Pendant in the other.
fa Balcony, erected at the Entrance of Pater-nofter Row, were placed his
Majefties Drums and Fife; the number of perſons Eight.
Between that and Ludgate there were two other Balconies erected: In one
was placed a Band of fix Waits; in the other, fix Drums.
On the top of Ludgate fix Trumpets.
At Fleet-Bridge a Band of fix Waits.
On Fleet-Conduit were fix Figures or Nymphs, clad in white, each with an
Efcutcheon in one hand, and a Pendant in the other; as alfo a Band of fix
Walts. And on the Lanthorn of the Conduit was the Figure of Temperande,
mixing Water and Wine.
{
IN
1661.
475
England, Scotland and Ireland.
N Fleet-ftreet, near White-Friers, ſtood the fourth Triumphant Arch, repre-
I
ſenting the Garden of PLENTY: it was of two Stories; the one of the
Dorick Order, the other of the Ionick. Their Capitals had not their Juſt Meaſure,
but inclined to the Modern Architecture.
Upon the great Shield over the Arch, in large Capitals, this Inſcription.
UBERTATI
AUG.
EXTINCTO BELLI CIVILIS INCENDIO,
CLUSOQ JANI TEMPLO
ARAM CELSIS
CONSTRUXIT
S. P. Q. L.
Over the Poſtern, on the South-fide of the Entrance was BACCHUS
in a Chariot drawn by Leopards, his Mantle a Panther's skin; his Crown of
Grapes ; a Thyrfis with Ivy in his left hand, a Cup in his right: underneath,
LIBER PATER.
The Painting over this, reprefented Silenus on his Afs, Satyrs dancing round
about, in Drunken and Antick Poftures; the Profpect a Vineyard.
On the North-fide oppofite, Ceres, drawn in a Chariot by winged Dragons,
and Crowned with ears of Corn: in her left hand Poppy; in her right, a Bla
zing Torch. The Painting over her was a defcription of Harveft; with
CERES
AUG.
His Majefty having paffed the Four Triumphal Arches, was at Temple-Bar
Entertained with the View of a delightful Bofcage, full of feveral Beafts, both
tame and favage, as alfo feveral living Figures, and Mufick of eight Waits.
But this being the Limit of the Cities Liberty, muſt be ſo likewiſe of the De
fcription.
Q992
Thus
480
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Thus much for the City, now for the Court, which in order challenged the
first place, but 'twas beft to deal with the biggeft firft ; and thofe Coloffes in Lon-
don were indeed Gigantick and ftupendious greatnefs: Come we now to the
Knights of the Bath made at this Coronation, who appearing at the Court of
Requeſts in Westminster, were called over by the Lords Commiffioners appoin-
ted for that purpoſe, viz.
The Duke of Ormond Steward of the Kings Houfhold,the Earls of Northum-
bırland, Suffolk, Lindsey, Manchester.
ry
Their Names were as follows.
Eger-
Sir Fiennes Lord Clinton Heir apparent to the Earl of Lincoln, Sir
ton Lord Brackley Son and Heir apparent to the Earl of Bridgewater, Sir Philip
Herbert fecond fon to the Earl of Pembrook and Montgomery, Sir William
Egerton fecond fon to the Earl of Bridgwater, Sir Vere Fane fecond fon to the
Earl of Westmorland, Sir Charles Berkley eldeft fon to the Lord Berkley, Sir Hen-
ry Bellafis eldeſt fon to the Lord Bellafis, Sir Henry Hide now Viscount Cornbu-
eldeſt ſon to Edward Earl of Clarendon, Sir Rowland Bellafis brother to the
Lord Viſcount Faulconberg, Sir Henry Capel brother to the Earl of Eſſex,
Sir John Vaughan ſecond ſon to Richard Earl of Carbery, Sir Charles Stanley
Grandchild to James late Earl of Derby, Sir Francis and Sir Henry Fane Grand-
children to the late Earl of Westmorland, Sir William Portman Baronet, Sir Wil-
liam Ducy Baronet, Sir Thomas Trevor Knight and Baronet, Sir John Scuda-
more Baronet,Sir William Gardner Baronet, Sir Charles Cornwallis fon to Fredorick
Lord Cornwallis, Sir John Nicholas eldeſt fon to his Majefties principal Secretary,
Sir John Monfon, Sir John Bramton, Sir Richard Temple, Sir Bourchier Wray,
Sir John Coventry, Sir Edward Hungerford, Sir John Knevet, Sir Philip Botler,
Sir Adrian Scroop ſon of Sir Jervas Scroop who received Nineteen Wounds at
Edgehill in his Majefties fervice, Sir Richard Knightley, Sir Henry Heron, Sir John
Lewknor, Sir George Brown, Sir William Tyringham, Sir Francis Godolphin, Sir Ed-
ward Baynton, Sir Grevil Verney, Sir Edward Harlow, Sir Edward Walpool,
Sir Francis Popham, Sir Edward Wife, Sir Chriftopher Calthorp, Sir Richard Edge-
comb, Sir William Bromley, Sir Thomas Bridges, Sir Thomas Fanshaw, Sir John
Denham, Sir Nicholas Bacon, Sir James Altham, Sir Thomas Wendy, Sir John Man-
Son, Six George Freeman, Sir Nicholas Slanning, Sir Richard Ingoldsby, Sir John
Rolle, Sir Edward Heath ſon of Sir Robert Heath late Lord chief Juftice of
England, Sir William Morley, Sir John Bennet, Sir Hugh Smith, Sir Simon Leech,
Sir Henry Chefter, Sir Robert Atkins, Sir Robert Gayer, Sir Richard Powle, Sir Hugh
Ducy, Sir Stephen Hales, Sir Ralph Bulb, Sir Thomas Whitmore. In Number
fixty eight. \..
After their calling over, they proceeded in their ufual Habits, each of them
between his two Efquires, and a Page following, the Heraulds going before
them with their Coats not put on, but only hanging loofe on their Arms, to
King Hen. 7. Chappel, where after the wonted reverence performed, they took
their feats. Prayer being done, they returned to the Painted Chamber and the
other Rooms adjoyning, to repofe themſelves, till the Supper of Two hundred
diſhes at his Majefties Charge, was brought to the Court of Requefts, where
they placed themſelves according to their Seniority at the Tables, by the Wall-
fide, their Efquires and Pages waiting on them on the other.
Supper ended, the Lord Cornwallis and Sir Charles Berckley(the Treaſurer and
Comptroller of his Majefties Houthold) gave them his welcome, and then con-
ducted them to the Painted Chamber, and the Lords Houſe adjoyning, and
ſome other near rooms, where their Bathing Veffels and Beds, which were Pal-
lets with Canopies, were prepared, being covered with red Say: There, after
they had Bathed more or lefs as each of them found convenient, they remain-
ed all Night; and early in the Morning were bade good morrow by his Majefties
Mufick. Then arifing, and Apparelling themſelves in a Cordeliers Habit (be-
ing a long ruffet Gown, with wide fleeves, and a Hood tyed cloſe about the
middle with a Cordon of Afh-coloured and Ruffet filk, reaching down almoſt
Built
to
1661.
481
England, Scotland and Ireland.
J
£
to the knees, and a white Napkin or Handkerchief hanging thereat ) they pro-
ceeded to Hen. 7. Chappel, in the fame order as the Night before, doing the
fame reverence, and heard Divine Service, and took the ufual Oath before the
faid Lords Commiffioners, which was read to them by Sir Edward Walker Prin-
cipal King of Arms, in thefe words.
Right dear Brethren,
Bath..
Reat Worship be this Order to every of you. You shall Honour God above all The Oath of the
things. You shall be stedfaſt in the Faith of Christ, and the fame maintain Knights of the
and defend to your Power. You shall love your Soveraign above all earthly things,
and for your Soveraigns Right live and dye. You shall defend Maidens, Widdows,
and Orphans in their right. You shall suffer no Extortion as far as you may :
nor fit in any place where wrong. Judgment ſhall be given, to your knowledge.
And of as great Honour be this Order to you, as ever it was to any of your Pro-
genitors or others.
This done, they returned in the fame order they came to the Painted Cham-
ber, and put on the Habit of the Order, which was a Mantle, and Surcoat of
red Taffata lined and edged with white Sarcenet, and thereto faftned two long
ftrings of white filk, with buttons and taffels of red filk and gold; and a pair
of white Gloves tyed to them, a white Hat and white Feather: in this Garb
they Dined in the Painted Chamber; and thence,girded with a Sword, the Pum
mel and cross-Hilt whereof were guilt, the Scabbard of white Leather, and
Belt of the fame, with guilt Spurs carried by their Pages, they marched on
Horfe-back by Seniority to White-Hall, with the Heraulds before them, from
the Old Palace round about the New, and ſo through Kingstreet, going round
the place where Charing Crofs ftood, and then to White-ball, where they
alighted and after they had gone about the firſt Court, they were conducted
by the Heraulds to the Banqueting-Houfe, where His Majefty fate under a Cloath
of State to receive them. They were brought up by fix and fix, each be-
tween his two Efquires, with his Page carrying his Sword before him. In
their approaches towards his Majefty they made three Obeyfances, and each
Knight being prefented by his two Efquires upon their knees to the King, (the
Lord Chamberlain of His Majefties Houfhold receiving the Knights Swords
from the Pages, and delivering it to the King) He with the Sword of State
ready drawn conferred upon them their refpective Knight-hoods, by laying
the Sword upon their fhoulders, and fo put the prefented Sword upon the
Knights Neck, in fuch fort, that it might hang on his left fide; and then the
faid Scabbard, with the Order hanging at it. Which done,the Knight made his
obeyfance of Gratitude to His Majefty and falling back, the reft were brought
up and Knighted in like manner.
After this, they went down into his Majefties Chappel, and there heard Di-
vine Service, with the Organ and Anthems, and then went up fix at a time to
the Altar, and offered up their Swords; where Gilbert Lord Biſhop of Los-
don, Dean of His Majefties Royal Chappel, received them, and laid them upon
the Altar, and afterwards reftored them, with this Admonition.
By the Oath which you have taken this day, I exhort and admonish you, to
uſe theſe Swords to the Glory of God, and defence of the Goſpel; to the mainte-
nance of your Sovereigns Right and Honour, and to the upholding of Equity and
Justice, to your power. So help you, God.
This done, they returned from the Chappel, where the Kings Maſter-Cook
ftood, with his Chopping-Knife in his hand,challenging their Spurs, which were
feverally redeemed with a Noble in Money. As they paffed by, he faid, Gen-
tlemen, you know what a great Oath you have taken; which if you keep, it will be
great honour to you; but if you break it, I must hack off your Spurs from your beels.
When
1
470
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
ว
Creation of
Earls and Ba-
rons at the fame
time.
When they came into the great Hall, the Officers at Arms acquainted them,
that on Monday following they were to attend his Majefty from the Tower to .
White-Hall on Horſeback in the fame Robes wherein they were Knighted, and
on Tuesday to meet early in the Painted Chamber in their Purple Sattin Habits,
thence to go before his Majefty to his Coronation at Westminster.
This Ceremony being over, the King to honour this great Solemnity, ad-
vanced fome eminent Perfous to higher degrees of Dignity, to be as Jewels to
that Crown which fhould be placed on his Head: they were Twelve in num-
ber; fix Earls, and fix Barons. The Names of whom are as followeth: Ed-
ward Lord Hide of Hendon Lord high Chancellour of England, was created Earl
of Clarendon Arthur Lord Capel was created Earl of Effex; Thomas Lord
Brudenel was created Earl of Cardigans Arthur Viſcount Valentia in Ireland
was created Earl of Anglesey Sir John Greenvile Gentleman of His Majeſtics
Bed Chamber, and Groom of the Stool, was created Earl of Bath; Charles
Howard of His Majefties Privy Council was created Earl of Carlisle ; Denzil
Holis Etq; was created Lord Hollis of Ifeld, Sir Frederick Cornwallis was cre-
ated Loid Cornwallis of Eye in Suffolk, an antient Barony; Sir George Booth
Baronet, was created Lord de-la-Mere's Six Horatio Townsend was created Ba-
ron of Lyn-Regis; Sir Anthony Afhly Cooper was created Baron of Winterbourn
St. Gyles John Crew was created Lord Crew of Stene.
The Earls at their Creation, had two Earls their fupporters, their Cap and
Coronet carried by one, their Sword by another, and their Mantle by a third.
The Lords were likewile fupported by two Lords, their Cap and Mantle in the
fame manner, but no Sword.
Thefe Peers being thus led up, Garter King of Arms attending them to the
King; upon their ſeveral approaches,their Patents were prefented by Sir William
Walker, Principal King at Arms; which being by the Lord Chamberlain deli-
vered to the King, and from him to Secretary Nicholas, were by him read,
and then given by His Majefty to the Refpective Nobles, who after they were
vefted with their Robes, had their ſeveral Caps and Coronets placed upon their
Heads by His Majeſties own hands, as he fate in a Chair of State.
•
Thefe likewife were ordered to attend the King at his Coronation, which
Commenced its glories Monday the Twenty fecond of April aforefaid: it
having rained a Moneth together before, it pleafed God that not one drop fell
on this Triumph, which appeared in its full Luftre and Grandeur; but as foon
as the folemnity was paft, and the King and his Train at Dinner in Westmin-
fter-Hall, it fell a Thundering, Lightning and Raining, with the greatett
torce, vehemence, and noife, that was ever heard or feen at that time of the
year.
The Streets were gravelled all the way, and filled with a multitude of Specta-
tors out of the Countrey, and fome Forreigners, who acknowledged themſelves
never to have ſeen among all the great Magnificences of the World, any to
come near or equal this : even the Vaunting French confeffed their Pomps of the
late Marriage with the Infanta of Spain, at their Majefties entrance into Paris,
to be inferiour in its State, Gallantry and Riches, unto this moft Illuftrious Ca-
valcade. Which proceeded on this manner, as the NOBILITY and
GENTRY were placed within and without the Tower.
Firſt went the Horſe-Guard of his Highneſs the Duke of York, the Meffen-
gers of his Majefties Chamber, the Efquires of the Knights of the Bath, One
hundred thirty fix in number; the Knight Harbenger, the Serjeant-Porter, the
Sewers of the Chamber, the Quarter-waiters of the fix Clerks of the Chancery,
the Clerks of the Signet, the Clerks of the Privy Seal, the Clerks of the Coun-
cil, the Clerks of both Houfes of Parliament, the Clerks of the Crown, the
Chaplains in Ordinary having Dignities, ten in number; the King's Advocate
and Remembrancer, the Kings learned Counſel at Law, the Mafter of the Chan-
cery, the Kings puifne Serjeants, the Kings Attorney and Solicitors, the King's
eldeft Serjeants; Secretaries of the French and Latine Tongues, the Gentlemen-
ufhers,
1
1661.
483
England, Scotland and Ireland.
120
1
Uſhers, daily waiters, the Sewers, Carvers and Cup-bearers in ordinary, the EL-
quires of the Body, the Maſters of ſtanding Offices being no Councellors, viz.
of the Tents, Revels, Ceremonies, Armory, Wardrope, Ordnance, Maſter of
Requests, Chamberlain of the Exchequer, Barons of the Exchequer, and Judges
of the Law according to their Dignity; the Lord chief Baron, the Lord chief
Juftice of the Common Pleas, the Mafter of the Rolls, the Lord chief Juftice of
England; Trumpets, the Gentlemen of the Privy-Chamber, the Knights of the
Bath fixty eight in Number, the Knight Marſhal, the Treaſurer of the Cham-
ber, Mafter of the Jewel-houſe, Knights of the Privy Council, Comptroller of
his Majefties Houfhold, Treaſurer of his Majefties Houfhold. Two Trumpets
and Serjeants, Trumpets, Two Purfivants at Arms; Barons eldest Sons, Earls
youngelt fons, Viscounts eldeſt fons, Barons, Marqueffes younger fons, Earls el-
defts fons. Two Purfivants at Arms. Viscounts, Dukes younger fons, Marquelles
eldeft fons. Two Heraulds. Earls, Earl Marshal, and Lord Chamberlain of the
Houſhold, Dukes eldeſt ſons. Serjeants at Arms on both fides the Nobility. Cla-
rencieux and Norroy, Lord Treasurer, Lord Chancellor, Lord High Steward, Duke
of Ormond, two perfons repreſenting the Duke of Normandy and Aquitain,
Gentleman-Usher, Garter, Lord Mayor Sir Richard Brown. The Duke of York
alone. The Lord High Contable of England Earl of Northumberland, Lord
Great Chamberlain of England Earl of Lindsey. The Sword by the Duke of
Richmond.
The KING.
Equerries and Footmen next and about his Majefty, Gentlemen and Penfioner's
without them, the Maſter of the Horſe Duke of Albemarl leading a ſpare Horfe,
the Vice-Chamberlain to the King, Captain of the Penfioners, Captain of the Guard,
the Guard, the Kings Life guard Commanded by my Lord Gerrard, the Generals
Life-guard by Sir Philip Howard; a Troop of Voluntier Horſe, and a Com-
pany of Foot, by Sir John Robinson.
The way from the Tower to Aldgate was guarded by the Hamlets,from thence
to Temple-Bar by the Trained-Bands of London, on one fide, and lined with
the Liveries on the other fide, with the Banners of each Company. The Win-
dows were all along laid with the beft Carpets and Tapeſtry Bands of Mufick
in feveral places, and the Conduits running with Wine.
In St. Pauls Church-yard ftood the Blew-coat boys of Christ-Church Hofpital.
One in behalf of the reft declared their joy for his Majefties wonderful pre-
ſervation in his abſence, and his Arrival thither; humbly beſeeching his Maje-
fties Gracious favour and indulgence, according to the example of his Royal
Anceſtors, and his Father of bleffed memory. The King was very well plea-
fed with this Speech, and after conferred fomething on the Boy that. (poke
it.
2
In the Strand, and through Westminster alfo the ways were gravelled and
rayled, being guarded on both fides with the Trained bands of that Liberty
and City, and his Majeſties two Regiments of Foot, under the command of
his Grace the Duke of Albemarle, and Colonel Raffel brother to the Earl of
Bedford. The houſes were alſo richly adorned with the Carpets and Tapeſtry;
and Mufick, (particularly a ftage of Morice-dancers at the Maypole in the
Strand) in the feveral places all along his Majeſties paffage.
When his Majefty came through Temple-bar into his Antient and Native
City of Westminster, the Head-bayliff in a Scarlet Robé, and High Conftable in
Scarlet,received his Majefty with loud Mufick; where alighting off their horſes,
and kneeling down to his Majefty, the Head-bayliff on behalf of the Dean and
Chapter, City and Liberty, fignified their joyful reception of his Royal perfon
into that Liberty declaring how much more happy they were than any part
of the Nation, in that their Sovereign Lord and King was born within their
Liberty,
484
Part I V
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
さ
​ļ
rts
Liberty, and humbly defiring his Majefty to continue his Grace and Favour
till to them, whereby that City might fill be enabled to do his Majefties Ser-
vice. When the Head-Bayliff had ended his Speech, he and the High Confta-
ble mounted their Horfes, and fell in next after his Majefties Servants at Mace;
in which order they attended his Majefty to White-ball.
Infinite and innumerable were the Acclamations and Shouts from all the
parts as his Majefty paffed along, to the no lefs joy, than amazement of the Spe-
ctators, who beheld thofe glorious Perfonages that rid before and behinde his
Majefty. Indeed it were in vain to attempt to expreſs this Solemnity, it was
fo far from being utterable, that it is almoft inconceiveable: and much won-
der it caufed in Outlandish perfons, who were acquainted with our late Trou-
bles and Confufions, (to the ruine almoft of three Kingdoms) which way
it was poffible for the English to appear in fo Rich and Stately a man-
-ner.
}
}
It is incredible to think what coftly Cloathes were worn that day; the
"Cloaks could hardly be feen what Silk or Sattin they were made of, for the
Gold and Silver-Laces and Embroidery that was laid upon them: the like al-
To was feen in their Foot-cloaths. Befides the ineftimable value and treasures
of Diamonds, Pearl and other Jewels, worn upon their Backs and in their Hats:
To omit alfo the fumptuous and rich Liveries of their Pages and Footmen;
fome fuits of Liveries amounting to fifteen hundred pounds;) the nume-
rouſneſs of theſe Liveries, and the orderly march of them; as alſo the ſtate-
ly Equipage of the Efquires attending each Earl by his Horſe-fide: fo that
all the World that faw it, could not but confefs, that what they had feen before,
was but folemn Mummery, to the moſt Auguſt, noble and true Glories of this
great day.
In this order the King arrived at White-ball a good time before the Even-
ing, and then retired himself to Supper, and fo to his Reft, to recommence the
next day, and to put an end to this Triumph. On the 23 of April, St. George's
day, to
confummate the Coronation, the King came from his Privy-ſtairs to
the Old Palace, to a Room called the Princes Lodgings, behinde the Houfe of
Lords, and ſtayed there till the Lords and his Train had Robed and ranked
themſelves in Westminster-hall; who being ready, the King placed himſelf on a
Throne at the upper end thereof, when the Dean of Westminster (with the
Prebends in their rich Copes, each having a part of the Regalia) with St. Ed-
ward's Crown, came and delivered them to the Lord High-Conſtable, and he
to the Lord Great Chamberlain, who ſet them on a Table; and the King im-
mediately beftowed them on this manner; (Sir Gilbert Talbot the Mafter of
the Kings Jewels, having laid the Sword of State and Sword called Curtanà
with two others on the fame Table) St. Edward's Staff to the Earl of Sandwich,
the Spurs to the Earl of Pembrook, the pointed Sword on the left hand of Curta
na to the Earl of Derby, the pointed Sword on the right to the Earl of Shrewf-
bury, Curtana to the Earl of Oxford, the Sword of State to the Earl of Man-
cheſter, the Scepter with the Dove to the Duke of Albemarle, the Orb with
the Crofs to the Duke of Buckingham, St. Edwards Crown to the Duke of Or
mond, the Patina to the Bishop of Exeter, and the Chalice to the Bishop of Lon-
don and then his Majefty fet forward on foot (in the fame order as before al
moft) upon blue Cloath laid upon the ground from the Hall to his Chair in
The Kings pro- the Abbey by the appointment of Sir George Carteret, His Almoner appointed
ceffion to the
Abbey.
for that day. The King was fupported by the Lord-Bifhops. of Batb and Dur-
ham; bis Train was carried up by the Lords Mandevil, Cavendish, Offery, and
Percy, affifted by the Lord Vifcount Mansfield, Master of the Robes: then came
the Earl of Lauderdale Gent. of his Majefties Bed-chamber, next came Mr. Sey
Mr. Ahburnham, Grooms of the fame, the Captain of the Guard, Captain
of the Penfioners, and Yeomen.
more,
Y
All the Peers with their Coronets in their hands, came up along with his
Majefty, till his Majeffy was placed in a Chair of State (not in his Throne :)
then
:
1661.
485
England, Scotland and Ireland.
4
then the Lord Biſhop of London, for the Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, went
to every of the four-fides of the Throne, and at every of them spoke to the
People in theſe words. Here I prefent unto you KING CHARLES the
rightful Inheritor of the Crown of this Realm. Wherefore all you that are come
this day to do your Homage, Service, and bounden duty, be ye willing to do the
Same?
Whereupon all the Peers in their Parliament-Robes, and People, gave a
fhout, tellifying their willingneſs. This while the King ftanding from his
Chair, turned himſelf to every of the four fides of the Throne, and at every
of them fpake to the People, who again with loud acclamations fignified their
willingness all in one voice. After which the Choire fung an Anthem, in the
interim whereof his Majefty, Supported by the two Biſhops of Durham and Bath
and Wells, and attended by the Dean of Westminster, went to the fteps before
the Communion-Table, where upon Carpets and Cuſhions the King offered a
Pall and a piece of Gold.
After his Majefly had offered, he went on the right hand, and kneeled down
during a ſhort Collect or Prayer; and then Sermon began,which was Preached
by the Lord Biſhop of WORCESTER. Sermon being ended, the Lord-
Bishop of LONDON went to the King, for the Lord Arch-Bishop of
Canterbury, and asked if he were pleaſed to take the Oath ufually taken by his
Predeceffors; to which his Majefty fhewed himſelf moft willing.
Then his Majeſty rofe out of his Chair, and by thoſe two that before Aſſiſted
Him, was led up to the Communion-Table, where he made a folemn Oath to
obferve thofe things he had before promiſed. After this Oath, the King return-
ed to his Chair, and kneeled at his foot-ftool, while the Hymn of the Holy
Ghoſt was finging; which ended, the Letany was fung by two Bishops.
After which, the Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury began and ſaid,Lift up your
hearts, &c. Then his Majefty arofe from his Devotion, and dif-robed himself
of his upper Garment (his under Garment being fo made, as the places to be
anointed might be opened by undoing certain loops; which the Arch-Biſhop un-
did, his Majefty fitting in a Chair.) The Archbishop firft Anointed the Palms of
both his hands, the Choire finging an Anthem; after which and certain Prayers,
the Lord Arch-biſhop proceeded and anointed his breaft between the ſhoulders,
on both the ſhoulders, the bending of his Arms, and the Crown of his Head:
whereupon the Dean of Westminster clofed the Loops, and the Lord Arch-bithop
faid feveral Prayers; which ended, the Coif was put on His Majefties Head, and
the Colobium fyndunis or Dalmatica, then the Super-tanica of cloth of Gold,
with the Tiſſue buskins and Sandals of the fame; then the Spurs were put on
by the Peer that carried them: then the Arch-bishop took the Kings Sword and
laid it on the Communion-Table,and after Prayer reftored it to the King, which
was Girt upon him by the Lord great Chamberlain : then the Armil was put
on, next the Mantle, or open Pall; after which, the Lord Arch-biſhop took the
Crown into his hands, and laid it on the Communion-Table, Prayed, and then
fet it on the Kings Head; whereupon, all the Peers put on their Coronets and
Caps, the Choire finging an Anthem: next, the Arch-Biſhop took the Kings
Ring, prayed again, and put it on the Fourth Finger of the Kings Hand; after
which his Majelly took off his Sword, and offered it up; which the Lord great
Chamberlain redeemed, drew it out, and carried it naked before the King. Then
the Arch-Biſhop, took the Scepter with the Croſs, and delivered it into His Ma-
jefties right Hand, the Rod with the Dove in the left; and the King kneeling,
bleffed him which done, the King afcended his Throne Royal, the Lords Spi-
ritual and Temporal attending him, where after Te Deum the King was again
Enthroned, and then all the Peers did their Homage; The Arch-Bishop firſt,
who then kiffed the Kings left Cheek, and after him the other Biſhops. After
their Homage, the Peers all together ſtood round about the King,and every one
in their order toucht the Crown upon his Head, promifing their readiness to
fupport it with their power. The Coronation being ended, the Communion
Rrr
followed,
486
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
I
:
followed, which his Majefty having received and offered, returned to his
Throne till the Communion ended, and then went into St. Edwards Chappel,
there took off his Crown, and delivered it to the Lord Bishop of London, who
laid it upon the Communion-Table: which done, the King withdrew into a
Traverfe, where the Lord great Chamberlain of England difrobed the King of
St. Edward's Robes, and delivered them to the Dean of Westminster, then His
Majefty was newly arrayed with his Robes prepared for that day, and camé to
the Communion-Table in St. Edward's Chappel, where the Lord Biſhop of Lon-
don,for the Arch-Biſhop, fet the Crown Imperial, provided for the King to wear
that day, upon his Head. Then His Majefty took the Scepter and the Rod,
and (the Train fet in order before him) went up to the Throne, and fo through
the Choyre and body of the Church out at the Weft-door, to the Palace of
Westminster.
PREST
1
The Oathes of Fealty being cafually omitted, are here fubjoyned as they
were fworn in order.
William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury ſhall be True and Faithful, and true
Faith and Truth bear unto you our Soveraign Lord, and your Heirs Kings
of England; and shall, and do, and truly acknowledge the fervice of the Land
which I claim to hold of You in right of the Church. So help me God.
Then the Duke of York did the fame, in thefe Words (Garter principal King
at Arms attending him in his Afcent to the Throne.)
I James Duke of York become Your Leigeman of Life, of Limb, and of Earth-
ly Worship; and Faith and Truth fhall I bear unto You, to live and dye, againſt
all manner of Folk.
The Dukes of Buckingham and Albemarle did the ſame for the Dukes. The
Marqueffes of Worcester and Dorchester for the Marqueffes. The Earl of Oxford
for the Earls. Viſcount Hereford for the Viſcounts. And the Lord Audley
for the Barons.
Note, that there were Collects and Prayers faid upon the putting on of the
Regalia, as the Armil, the Pall, the delivery of the Scepter, the Sword, all
according to ancient Form; and upon the fetting on of the Crown, a peculiar
Benediction. The Bishop of Worcester's Sermon was Preached upon the 28 of
Prov. verfe 2.
Before the King,the Peers now according to their Ranks and degrees procee-
ded to the faid Palace, and not as they entred the Abbey, but with their Cero-
nets on; at the upper end whereof there was a Table and Chair of State raiſed
upon an aſcent: on the South-Eaft-fide of the Hall were two Tables placed; the
firft for the Barons of the Cinque Ports,the Bishops and Judges; the other for the
Maſters and fix Clerks of Chancery; at which Table, by fome miftake or diftur-
bance, the Barons dined. At the North-Eaft-end the Nobility at one Table,
and behinde them, cloſe to the Wall, the Lord-Mayor, the Recorder, the Alder-
men, and twelve principal Citizens: in the Court of Common-pleas dined
the Officers at Arms. Which Tables being ferved (each had in all three Cour-
fes and a Banquet) the King came in from the inner Court of Wards, where
he had flaid half an hour, and fat down, and the Duke of York fate at the end
of the fame Table on the left hand: the Earl of Dorſet was Sewer, and the
Earl of Chesterfield his Affittant, the Earl of Lincoln was Carver; the Diſhes
were moſt of them ferved up by the Knights of the Bath: at the fecond courſe
came in Sir Edward Dymock, who by the fervice of this day,as the King's Cham-
pion,holds his Mannor of Scrivelsby in the County of Lincoln; as feveral other
fervices were performed upon the fame account: (particularly Mr. Henry How-
ard, in behalf of his Brother the Duke of Norfolk, for a Mannor in Norfolk,
gave the King a rich right-hand-Glove, during the Coronation, with which he
held the Scepter.) He was mounted upon a goodly White Courfer, himſelf
Armed at all points and having ſtaid a while,advanced a little further,with his
7
two
1661.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
487
two Efquires, one bearing a Lance, the other a Target, and threw down his
Gantlet; the Earl-Marſhal riding on his Left, and the Lord High-Conttable on
His Right hand, when York the Herauld read aloud his Challenge, which was
done the third and laft time at the foot of the Afcent where the King dined,
and his Gantlet by the Herauld returned to him at every of the three times,
after it had layn a little while: the Challenge was in theſe words.
If any person of what degree foever, High or Low, fhall deny or gainsay our
Soveraign Lord King Charles the fecond, King of England, Scotland, France
and Ireland, defender of the Faith, &c. and Son and Heir to our Soveraign Lord
Charles the first, the late King deceafed, to be right Heir to the Imperial Crown of
the Realm of England, or that be ought not to enjoy the fame: "Here is his
Champion, who faith that he lyeth, and is a falfe Traytor, being ready in perſon
"to Combate with him, and on this quarrel will adventure his life against him,
"what day foever he ſhall be appointed.
tr
Which read aloud, the Earl of Pembrook prefented the King with a Guilt
Cup fill'd with Wine; who drank to his Champion, and fent him the faid Cup
by the faid Earl; which after three Reverences, and fome steps backward, he
drunk off, and kept it as his Fee, and departed.
Then Garter Principal King-at-Arms Proclaimed the King thrice with his
Title in Latine, French, and English, and at every time at the end cried Largefs,
and the people ſhouted God fave the King: then the Lord Mayor Sir Richard
Brown prefented a Golden Cup and Cover full of Wine, which the King drank
off, and gave it the Lord Mayor for his Fee. By that time the third courſe was
carrying in, the King called for Water, which the Earl of Pembrook aſſiſted by
another Earl brought in a Bafin and Ewer; and the King having waſhed, with-
drew to his Barge: but before his departure, it fell a Thundering, Lightning,
and Raining, as if it imitated the noife and fire of the Cannon which played
from the Tower; and it was obſerved that they kept time in this loud Mufick,
ſo that they were diftinctly to be heard; the Thunder intermitting, as if it ftaid
to receive and anſwer the reciprocated and ecchoed Boation and claſhes of the
Guns. And in all ancient Augury, fuch fignes were taken for the moſt auſpici-
ous, however the mad remnant of the Rebellion would have it parallell'd to
Saul's inauguration, never confidering the feafon, nor the different occafion and
cafe between the most ancient Kingly Right and defcent in Christendom, and
that a new Title and Government in Jewry, which had before the moft fpecial
prefence of God among them.
All the Kingdom over,great rejoycing was made by Feafting and other Shows,
as Training the feveral Bands of the Countries, with the additional Voluntary
Gentry in a new and gallant Cavalry, which fhewed the refurrection of their
former Loyalty, in its immutable ftate of Peace.
But to proceed to the difclofing the whole luftre of this our prefent and moſt
delightful Subject (omitting the fame Triumphs in Scotland and Ireland, in the
expreis reſemblances of this Magnificence; feveral Honours being conferred
both by the Lord-Commiffioner his Grace, and the Lords-Juftices on that So-
lemnity) we will take a full view of all our perfonal Dignities at home..
We proceed then to thofe Magnificences of the King which are in him Ha-
norante, not in Honorato. After the miferably vulgarly multitude of thoſe
evil Counſellors we had been opprefs'd with for fo many years (who had rai-
fed themſelves to the myfteries of Government by their publick ſcandals there-
of in its former adminiſtration, following the impious politicks of Abfalom )
we faw an Affembly of Princes met in his Majefties moft Honourable Privy
Council, whofe fuperlative and eminent endowments, affifted by their confpicu-
ous Grandeur, reſtored the form of the Brittish Empire, fuch, as Pallas gloried
to be in the midft of her Heavenly defcent; fuch their Noble Extractions, and
their excellencies in all prudent menage of the Publick, accompliſhed to Her
own AUTHENTICAL INSTITUTION of true policy : ſuch
Pilots, whoſe happy and skilfull hand could guide the toffed Bark of the King-
Rrr 2
dom
1
488
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
}
!
1
dom in the darkest Night, and the moft frightful Tempefts, when there was nei-
ther Sun, Moon, nor Stars, no face of Authority nor Rule, no Directions nor
Chart to follow, in the unexampled cafe of our late Distractions, and without
any other Compaſs than their Picty to God, Duty. to their Prince, and love to
their Country, by which they' confidently fteered through all thofe Shelves,
Rocks,and Sands, which imminently threatned its Shipwrack and Deftruction.
Their facred Names, for perpetual Memory, and to the Eternal Fame of this
their bleffed Conduct, (underſtanding that by his Majefties call to this fublime
eminent dignity, their precedent Services were fignated and notified to the
World) as moft Religioufly and gratefully is due, are here tranfmitted among
the reft of his Majefties felicities to inquifitive Pofterity.
!
The Names of his Majefties moft Honourable Privy Council.
Is Royal Highness the Duke of
H York.
Earl of Clarendon Lord Chancellor of
England.
Earl of Southampton Lord Treaſurer.
Lord Roberts Lord Privy Seal.
Duke of Albemarle..
Earl of Lindſey Lord High-Chamber-
lain of England.
Earl of St. Albans.
Earl of Sandwich.
Earl of Angleſey.
Earl of Carliſle.
Viſcount Say and Seal.
Lord Wentworth.
Lord Seymor Chancellour of the Dut-
chy of Lancaster.
Lord Hollis.
Dake of Ormond Lord Steward of his Lord Cornwallis.
Majefties Houfhould.
Marquefs of Dorchester.
Earl of Northumberland.
Earl of Leicester.
Earl of Berkshire.
Earl of Portland.
Earl of Norwich.
Lord Cooper.
Earl of Lauderdale.
Lord Berkly.
Sir George Carteret:
Sir Charles Compton,
Secretary Nicholas.
Secretary Morice.
*
To which have been fince added Chriftopher Lord Hatton, Rupert Duke of
Cumberland, the Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Middleton a Scotch Lord, the
Kings Commiffioner there.
From theſe Glories of the Crown, we are next invited to as Illuftrious,
thofe of Chivalry, a medium betwixt War and Peace, that there might be no-
thing that his Majefties Fortunes could not comprehend. The moft Honoura-
ble Order of the Garter, Famous for its Martial and Civil Atchievements, had
been drag'd in the Dirt, and trampled under Foot of Plebeian Anarchy and U-
furpation; when the innocent charm of its Motto, Honi foit qui mal y penſe,
Evil be to him that Evil thinks, which had preſerved it ſo many Ages, found not
veneration nor refpect, being ridled by that Moniter of Rebellion, to be a badge
and fignificator of its certain, though long-look'd-for Ultion and Avengement, in
its own dire Retorts, and felf-puniſhing Revolutions.
It is not, nor ever will be forgotten, how they abafed this Royal Enfigne, the
higheſt Order of Knighthood in the World, when it was derided by the moſt
abject and meaneft degree of the People; when its True Blue was ftained with
the Blot of Faintife and imbecility of courage, till another Saint George a-
rofe to be its Champion, Affertor, and Reftorer of its Renown and Glory.
Some of theſe moſt Honourable Knights furvived his Majefties Reftitu-
tion; fome he made abroad, others he decreed fo; and they were fo de ju-
re, having had the Order fent them, but the Inveftiture wanting. The reft
of thefe Noble Companions were allied to the Reſtoration; all of them are
ranked in the manner as they fate at Windfor, April 16. 1662, being St. George.
his day; where after the ufual Magnificent Proceffion, His Majefty renewed the
ufual Solemnities and Grandeurs thereof; Himſelf being there in Perfon.
The
1661.
489
England, Scotland and Ireland,
The Fellows and Companions of the moſt Noble Order of
St. GEORGE, commonly called the GARTER, as they
were the 23 of April, in the Thirteenth year of King Charles
the Second, 1661.
Char
Harles the Second, King of Great Bri-James Butler Duke of Ormond.
tain, France, and Ireland, Sove- George Villiers Duke of Buckingham.
raign of the Order.
Thomas Wriothefley Earl of Southamp-
James Duke of York the Kings only Bro-
ther.'
Charles Lodowick Prince Elector Palatine.
Frederick William Marquefs and Elector
of Brandenburgh.
Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine, and
Duke of Cumberland.
Edward Count Palatine of the Rhine.
William of Naflau Prince of Orange.
Barnard Duke of Efpernon.
Charles Prince of Tarante.
William Cecil Earl of Salisbury.
Thomas Howard Earl of Berkshire.
Algernon Fiercy Earl of Northumberland.
ton.
William Cavendish Marqueſs of New-
castle.
George Digby Earl of Bristol.
Gaſper Count of Marfin.
George Monk, Duke of Albemarles
Edward Montague Earl of Sandwich.
Aubery de Vere Earl of Oxford.
Charles Steward Duke of Richmond
and Lenox.
Montague Berty Earl of Lindſey.
Edward Montague Earl of Manche-
fter.
Wiliam Wentworth Earl of Strafford.
A Roll of the PEERS of the Kingdom of ENGLAND.
according to their Birth and Creations.
JAM
Dukes of the Blood Roya!.
Ames Duke of York and Albany, Lord
High Admiral of England.
Rupert Duke of Cumberland.
Theſe take Places in refpect of their
Offices.
EARLS.
Theſe three take places in refpect of
their Offices.
Montague Berty Earl of Lindſey, Lord
High Chamberlain of England:
James Butler Earl of Brecknock, Lord
Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chan- Steward of his Majelties Houſhold.
cellour of England.
Edward Montague Earl of Mancheſter,
Thomas Earl of Southampton, Lord Trea- Lord Chamberlain of his Majefties
furer of England.
DÙ KES.
Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk
William Seymour Duke of Somerfet.
George Villiers Duke of Buckingham.
Charles Stuart Duke of Richmond.
George Monk Duke of Albemarle.
MARQUISSES.
1
John Paulet Marquifs of Winchester,
Edward Somerfet Marquifs of Worcester.
William Cavendish Marquifs of Newcastle.
Henry Peirrepont Marquifs of Dorchester.
Houfhold.
EARLS.
Aubery de Vere Earl of Oxford.
Algernoon Piercy Earl of Northumber
land.
Francis Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury.
Gray Earl of Kent, Infra atat.
Charles Stanly Earl of Derby.
John Mannoars Earl of Rutland.
Haltings Earl of Huntingdon, Is
fra atat.
Thomas Wriothefly Earl of Southamp
ton:
William Rufel Earl of Bedford.
Philip
The Dukes &
Norfolk and
Somerſet were
restored by 48
of Parliament
12 year Caroli
Secundi.
1
x
490
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
4
* James But
ler Duke of Or
mend, was
Created Earl of
Philip Herbert Earl of Pembrook and
Montgomery.
Theophilus Clinton Earl of Lincoln.
Charles Howard Earl of Nottingham.
James Howard Earl of Suffolk
Richard Sackvil Earl of Dorfet.
William Cecil Earl of Salisbury.
John Cecil Earl of Exeter.
John Egerton Earl of Bridgewater.
Robert Sidney Earl of Leicester.
James Compton Earl of Northampton.
Charles Rich Earl of Warwick,
William Cavendish Earl of Devonshire.
Bafil Fielding Earl of Denbigh.
George Digby Earl of Briſtol.
Lionel Cranfield Earl of Middlefex.
Henry Rich Earl of Holland.
John Hollis Earl of Clare.
Oliver St. John Earl of Bullingbrook
Mildmay Fane Earl of Westmorland.
Edward Montague Earl of Manchester.
Thomas Howard Earl of Berkſhire.
Thomas Wentworth Earl of Cleveland.
Edward Sheffield Earl of Mulgrave.
Henry Cary Earl of Monmouth, decea-
fed without Iffue male.
James Ley Earl of Marlborough.
Thomas Savage Earl of Rivers.
Montague Bertue Earl of Lindsey, Lord
Great Chamberlain of England.
Nicholas Knollis Earl of Banbury. ·
Henry Cary Earl of Dover.
Henry Mordant Earl of Peterburgh.
Henry Gray Earl of Stamford.
Heneage Finch Earl of Winchelfey.
Charles Dormer Earl of Carnarvan.
Montjoy Blunt Earl of Newport.
Philip Stanhop Earl of Chesterfield..
John Tafton Earl of Thanet.
Jerome Wefton Earl of Portland.
William Wentworth Earl of Strafford.
Robert Spencer Earl of Sunderland.
James Savil Earl of Suffex.
Charles Goring Earl of Norwich.
Nicholas Leak Earl of Scarfdale.
Wilmot Earl of Rochester, Infra
etat..
Henry Fermin Earl of St. Albans.
Edward Montague Earl of Sandwich.
James Butler Earl of Brecknock
Edward Hide Earl of Clarenden.
Arthur Capel Earl of Effex.
Brecnock Bar Thamas Brudenal Earl of Cardigan.
Arthur Annelley Earl of Anglefey.
Tor Butler of
Lawthy.
John Greenvile Earl of Bath.
Charles Howard Earl of Carlisle.
countess of Kynelmeky was by Letters
Pattents June 14 Created Countess
of Guildford for her life, in the
Twelfth year Caroli Secundi.
VISCOUNTS.
Leiceſter Devereux Viſcount Hereford.
Francis Brown Viſcount Montague.
James Fiennes Viſcount Say and Seal.
Edward Conway Viſcount Conway.
Baptift Noel Viſcount Camden.
William Howard Viſcount Stafford.
Thomas Bellafis Viſcount Faulconberg.
John Mordant Viſcount Mordant.
BARONS.
John Nevil Lord Abergavenny, lately
Deceaſed.
James Tutchet Lord Audley.
Charles Weft Lord De la Ware.
George Barkley Lord Barkley.
Thomas Parker Lord Morley and Mon-
teagle.
Francis Lenard Lord Dacres.
Conyers Darcy Lord Darcy.
William Stourton Lord Stourton.
William Lord Sandys De la Vine.
Edward Vaux Lord Vaux.
Thomas Windfor Lord Windfor.
Thomas Wentworth Lord Wentworth.
Wingfield Cromwel Lord Cromwell.
George Eure Lord Eure.
Philip Wharton Lord Wharton.
Francis Willoughby, Lord Willoughby
of Parham.
→
William Paget Lord Paget.
Dudley North Lord North.
William Bruges Lord Chaundos.
John Cary Lord Hunfdon.
William Petre Lord Petre.
Dutton Gerrard Lord Gerrard.
Charles Stanhop Lord Stanhop.
Henry Arundel, Lord Arundel of War-
der.
Christopher Roper Lord Tenham.
Foulk Grevil Lord Brook.
Edward Montague Lord Montague of
Boughton.
Charles Lord Howard of Charleton.
William Gray Lord Gray of Wark,
John Roberts Lord Roberts.
William Craven Lord Craven.
Fobn Lovelace Lord Lovelace.
John Paulet Lord Paulet.
The Right Honourable Elizabeth Vif-William Maynard Lord Maynard.
Thomas
A
*
1661.
491
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Thomas Coventry Lord Coveni. J.
Edward Lord Howard of Efcrick
Warwick, Mohun Lord Mobun.
William Botiller Lord Botiller.
Percy Herbert Lord Powis
Edward Herbert Lord Herbert of Cher-
bury.
Francis Seamour Lord Seamour.
Thomas Bruce Lord Bruce.
Francis Newport Lord Newport of
Higharchal.
Thomas Leigh Lord Leigh of Stone-
Leigh.
Christopher Hatton Lord Hatton.
Henry Haftings Lord Loughborough.
Richard Byron Lord Byron.
Richard Vaughan Lord Vaughan.
Charles Smith Lord Carrington.
William Widdrington Lord Widdrington.
Humble Ward Lord Ward.
Thomas Lord Culpepper.
Ifaac Astley Lord Aſtley.
Richard Boyle Lord Clifford.
John Lucas Lord Lucas.
John Bellafis Lord Bellafis.
Lewis Watfon Lord Rockingham.
Charles Gerrard Lord Gerrard of Bran-
don.
Robert Lord Sutton of Lexington.
Charles Kirkhoven Lord Wotten.
Marmaduke Langdale Lord Langdale
deceaſed.
William Crofts Lord Crofts.
John Berkly Lord Berkly.
Denzil Hollis Lord Hollis of Ifeild.
Charles Lord Cornwallis.
George Booth Lord De la Mere.
Horatio Townsend Lord Townsend.
Anthony Ashley Cooper Lord Ashley.
John Crew Lord Crew.
The Lords Spiritual being restored to their Honours and Places in
Parliament (ince the Coronation, and to all the precedent Honours,
we have observed the Order of Time, and not of Dignity, as they
fhould have been Ranked before the Lords Temporal.
A. O&tor William Juxon, Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury his Grace, Pri-
4.Doctor
T
mate and Metropolitan of all England, was confecrated Bifhop of
London 1633. Tranflated from London to Canterbury 1660.
A. Dr. Accepted Fremen Lord Arch-Bishop of York and Metropolitan of Eng-
land, was confecrated Biſhop of Coventry and Litchfield 1644. Tranflated from
thence to York 1660. ·
Dr. Gilbert Sheldon Lord-Bishop of London, was confecrated October 28,
1660.
Dr. John Couzens Lord-Bishop of Durham, was confecrated December a,
1660. I.
A. Dr. Brian Duppa Lord-Bishop of Wincheſter, (this See is now poffeffed by
Dr. Morley, Tranflated thither from the See of. Worcester) Prelate of the Gar-
ter, and Lord Almoner; he was confecrated Biſhop of Chichester 1638. from
thence Tranflated to Sarum 1640. and from thence to Winchester 1660. and
fince deceaſed 1662.
A. Dr. William Piers Lord-Bishop of Bath and Wells, confecrated 1632.
A. Dr. Matthew Wren Lord Bishop of Ely, was confecrated Biſhop of Here-
ford 1634. thence Tranſlated to Norwich 1635. from thence to Ely 1638.
A. Dr. Robert Skinner Lord-Bishop of Oxon, was confecrated Biſhop of Bri-
ftol 1636. thence Tranilated to Oxon 164☺.
A. Dr. William Roberts Lord-Biſhop of Bangor, and Sub-Almoner, was con-
fecrated 1637.
A. Dr. John Warner Lord-Bishop of Rochester, confecrated 1637.
A. Dr. Henry King Lord-Bishop of Chichester, was confecrated 1641.
Dr. Humphry Henchman Lord-Bishop of Salisbury, was confecrated October
28. 1660.
Dr. George Morley Lord-Bishop of Worcester, was confecrated October 28.
1660. fince poffeffed by Dr. Gauden, after by Dr. Earles late Dean of Weft-
minſter.
Dr. Robert
492
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
Dr. Robert Sanderſon Lord-Biſhop of Lincoln, was confecrated O&tober 28.
1660. fince deceaſed, and Dr. Laney Tranflated thither.
Dr. George Griffith Lord-Bishop of St. Asaph, was confecrated October 28.
1660.
Dr. William Lucy Lord-Biſhop of St. Davids, was conſecrated December 2.
1660.
Dr. Benjamin Laney Lord-Biſhop of Peterborough, was confecrated December
2. 1660.
Dr. Hugh Lloyd Lord-Bishop of Landaff, was confecrated December 2. 1660.
Dr. Richard Sterne Lord-Bishop of Carliſle, was confecrated December 2.
1660. T.
Dr. Brian Walton Lord-Bishop of Chefter, was confecrated December 2. 1660.
T. This See was poffefs'd by Dr. Fern, who dying alfo, Dr. George Hall was
Lord-Biſhop thereof.
Dr. John Gauden (who dying, Dr. Seth Ward is fince Lord-Biſhop there-
of) Lord-Bishop of Exeter, was confecrated December 2. 1660.
Dr. Gilbert Ironfide Lord-Bishop of Bristol, was confecrated January 13.
1660.
Dr. Edward Reynolds Lord-Bishop of Norwich, was confecrated January
14. 1660.
Dr. William Nicholson Lord-Bishop of Gloucester, was confecrated January
13.1660.
Dr. Nicholas Monke Lord-Bishop of Hereford, was confecrated January 13.
1660. who dying, Dr. Herbert Crofts was confecrated in his place 1661.
Dr. Jobs Hacket Lord-Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield.
A. Notes the ancient Biſhops. Y. The Dioceffes in the Province of York. All
the reft are in the Province of Canterbury.
The Names of the Judges.
Dward Earl of Clarendon Lord High-Chancellor of England.
E Sir Robert Foffer Knight, Chief-Juftice of the Kings-Bench
Sir Harbottle Grimstone Baronet, Maſter of the Rolls.
Sir Orlando Bridgeman Knight and Baronet, Chief-Juftice of the Common-
Pleas
Matthew Hale Chief-Baron of the Exchequer.
Sir Thomas Mallet Knight.
Sir Thomas Twifden Knight.
Sir Wadham Windham Knight.
Sir Robert Hide Knight.
Sir Thɔmas Terril Knight.
Sir Samuel Brown Knight.
Sir Edward Atkins Knight.
Sir Chriſtopher Turner Knight.
Sir Jeoffrey Palmer Knight,
Sir John Glynne Knight.
Sir John Maynard Knight.
Sir William Wilde Knight.
Juftices of the Kings-Bench.
Juftices of the Common-Pleas.
Barons of the Exchequer.
Attorney-General.
The Kings Serjeants at Law.
The two Principal Secretaries of State, perfons eminent for their faithful
and induftrious Loyalty, Sir Edward Nicholas, of the fame place to his late Ma-
jefty; and Sir William Morice, the onely Confident the Renowned General
the Duke of Albemarle uſed in thofe bleffed Counfels toward the Reftitution
of the King and Kingdom.
The
1661.
493
England, Scotland and Ireland.
The Names of the BARONETS made by Letters Patents fince
his Majesties moſt happy Reftauration, Anno 1660. With
the times of their feveral Creations.
S
Anno Duodecimo Caroli Regis Secundi.
IR Orlando Bridgeman Knight, was created Baronet June the 7th, in the
Twelfth Year of the Raign of our moft Gracious Soveraign Lord King
Charles the Second, in the year of our Lord 1660.
Six Jeoffery Palmer Kt. created Baronet June the 7.
Sir Heneage Finch in Com. Bucks Kt. created Baronet June 7.
Sir John Langham in Com. Northampton Kt. created Baronet June 7:
Sir Robert Abdy in Com. Effex Kt. created Baronet June 9.
Thomas Draper in Com. Berks Efq. created Baronet June 9.
Humphrey Winch in Com. Bedford Efq. created Baronet June 9.
Jonathan Reaſe Efq. created Baronet June 9.
Henry Wright in Com. Effex Efq. created Baronet June 12.
Hugh Speke in Com. Wilts Efq. created Baronet June 12.
Nicholas Gould of the City of London created Baronet June 13-
Sir Thomas Adams of the City of London Kt. created Baronet June 13.
Richard Atkins in Com. Surrey Efq. created Baronet June 13.
Thomas Allen of the City of London Efq. created Baronet June 14.
Henry North in Com. Suffolk Efq, created Baronet June 15.
Sir William Wiseman in Com. Effex Kt. created Baronet June 15.
Thomas Cullum in Com. Suffolk Efq. created Baronet June 18.
Thomas Davy in Com. Eſſex Efq. created Baronet June 20.
George Grubbum How in Com. Wilts Efq. created Baronet June 20
John Cutts in Com. Cambridge Efq. created Baronet June 20.
William Humble of the City of London Efq. created Baronet June 20.
Solomon Swale in Com. Tork Efq. created Baronet June 21.
Gervas Ews in Com. Suffolk Efq. created Baronet June 22.
Robert Cordel in Com. Suffolk Efq. created Baronet June 22.
Sir John Robinson of the City of London Kt. created Baronet June 22.
John Abdy in Com. Effex Efq. created Baronet June 22.
Henry Stapleton in Com. York Efq. created Baronet June 23.
Jacob Afbly in Com. Warwick Efq. created Baronet June 25.
Sir Robert Hilliard in Com. York Efq. created Baronet June 25.
Sir William Bowyer in Com. Bucks Kt. created Baronet June 25.
John Shuckbrugh in Com. Warwick Efq. created Baronet June 26.
William Wray in Com. Lincoln Efq. created Baronet June 27.
Francis Hollis in Com. Dorfet Efq. created Baronet June 27.
Nichols Steward in Com. Southampton Efq. created Baronet June 27.
George Harberton in Com. Pal. of Chefter Efq. created Baronet June 27.
Oliver St. John in Com. Northampton Efq. created Baronet June 28.
Sir Ralph Delaval in Com. Northumberland Kt. created Baronet June 29.
Andrew Henleyin Com. Somerfet Efq. created Baronet June 30.
Thomas Ellis in Com. Lincoln Efq. created Baronet June 30.
Sir John Covert in Com. Suffex Kr. created Baronet July 2.
Maurice Berkley in Com. Somerfet Efq. created Baronet July 2.
Peter Harr of the City of London created Baronet July 2.
Henry Hudson in Com. Leicester Efq. created Baronet July 3.
Thomas Herbert in Com. Monmouth Efq. created Baronet Jaly 3.
Thomas Middleton in Com. Denbigh created Baronet July 4.
Verney Noel in Com. Leicester Efq. created Baronet July 6.
George Rufivel in Com. Northampton Efq. created Baronet July 7.
s fr
Robers
F
{
}
1
491
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars'of
Robert Auften in Com. Kent Efq. created Baronet July 10.
Robert Hales in Com. Kent Efq, created Baronet July 12.
John Clarke in Com. Oxford Efq. created Baronet July 13.
William Thomas in Com. Effex Efq. created Baronet July 13.
Sir William Boothby in Com. Derby Kr. created Baronet July 13.
Wolftan Dixey in Com. Leicester created Baronet July 14.
John Bright in Com. Tork Efq. created Baronet July 16.
John Warner in Com. York Efq. created Baronet July 16.
Sir John Harbey in Com. Hartford Kt. created Baronet July 17.
Sir Samuel Moreland in Com. Berks Kt. created Baronet July 18.
Sir Thomas Hewet in Com. Hartford Kt. created Baronet July 19.
Edward Honywood in Com. Kent Efq. created Baronet July 19.
Bafil Dixwel in Com.Kent Eſq. created Baronet July 19.
Sir Richard Brown of the City of London Kt. created Baronet July 20.
Marmaduke Gresham in Com. Surrey Efq. created Baronet July 20.
Henry Kernor in Com. Salop Efq. created Baronet July 23.
Sir John Aubrey in Com. Glamorgan Kt. created Baronet July 23.
Thomas Sclator in Com. Cambridge Efq. created Baronet July 25.
Henry Conway in Com. Flint Efq. created Baronet July 25.
Edward Green in Com. Effex Efq. created Baronet July 26.
John Stapley in Com. Suffex Efq. created Baronet July 28.
Metcalf Robinfon in Com. York Elq. created Baronet July 30.
William Dudley in Com. Northampton Efq, created Baronet Auguſt 1.
Hugh Smithſon in Com. Tork Efq. created Baronet August 2.
Sir Roger Mollyn in Com. Flint Kt. created Baronet Auguſt 3.
Part IV
Sir William Willoughby in Com. Nottingham Kt. created Baronet August 4.
Anthony Oldfield in Com. Lincoln Efq. created Baronet Aug. 6.
Peter Leiceſter in Com. Cheſter Efq. created Baronet Aug. 10.
Sir Willam Wheeler of the City of Weſtminſter Kt. created Baronet Aug. 11.
Thomas Lee in Com. Bucks Eſq. created Baronet Auguſt 16.
John Newton in Com. Glouceſter Eſq. created Baronet Aug. 16.
Thomas Smith in Com. Chefter Efq. created Baronet Aug. 16.
Sir Ralph Aſhton in Com. Lancaffer Kt. created Baronet Aug. 17.
John Rous in Com. Suffolk Efq. created Baronet Aug. 17.
Henry Maffingbeard in Com. Lincoln Efq. created Baronet Aug. 22.
John Hales in Com. Warwick Elq. created Baroner Aug. 28.
Ralph Bovey in Cont. Warwick Elq. created Baronet Aug. 30.
John Knightly in Com. Warwick Efq. created Baronet Aug. 30.
Sir John Drake in Com. Devon Kt. created Baronet Aug. 30.
Sir Oliver St. George in Com. Letrim in Ireland created Baronet Sep. 5.
Sir John Cowyer in Com. Stafford Kt. created Baronet Sept. 11.
Sir William Wilde Kt. Recorder of London created Baronet Sept. 13.
Foſeph Aſh in Com. Middlefex Efq. created Baronet Sept. 19.
John How in Com. Gloucester Efq. created Baronet Sept. 22.
John Swinburn in Com. Northumberland Efq. created Baronet Sept. 26.
John Trot in Com. Southampton Elq, created Barone Octob. 11.
Humphrey Miller in Com. Kent Efq. created Baronet Octob. 15.
Sir John Lewis in Com. Tork Kt. created Baronet Octob. 16.
John Beal in Com. Kent Efq. created Baronet Octob. 6.
Sir Richard Frankline in Com Hartford Kt, created Baronet October 26.
William Ruffel in Com. Carmarthen Efq. created Baronet November 8.
William Barkboufe Efq. Grand-childe of Rowland Barkhouse, of the City of
London created Baronet Nov. 8.
Thomas Boothby in Com. Eſſex Efq. created Baronet Nov. 9
Sir John Cutler of the City of London Kt. created Baronet Nov. 9.
Giles Mottel of Leige Efq. created Baronet Nov. 16.
Henry Gifford in Com. Leicester Efq. created Baronet Nov. 21.
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1661.
495
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Sir Thomas Foot of the City of London Kt. created Baronet Nov. 21.
Thomas Manwaring in Com. Palatinate of Chefter Efq. created Baronet No-
vember 21.
Thomas Benet in Com. Cambridge Efq. created Baronet Nov. 22.
John Wroth in Com. Kent Efq. created Baronet Nov. 29.
George Winn in Com. York Efq. created Baronet December 3.
Humphrey Monoux in Com. Bedford Elq. created Baronet Decem. 4.
William Gardiner of the City of London Efq. created Baronet Dec. 4.
Heneage Fetherston in Com. Hartford Efq. created Baronet Dec. 5.
John Peynton in Com. Cambridge Efq. created Baronet Dec. 10.
John Fagge in Com. Suffex Efq. created Baronet Dec. 11.
Edmund Anderfon in Com. Lincoln Efq. created Baronet Dec. 12.
Matthew Herbert in Com. Salop Efq. created Baronet Dec. 18.
Edward Ward in Com. Norfolk Efq. created Baronet Dec. 18.
George Marwood in Com. York Efq. created Baronet Dec. 21.
Ralph Aſhton in Com. Northampton Efq. created Baronet Dec. 21.
William Killigrew in Com. Cornwal Eſq. created Baronet, entailed upon the
Heirs-Males of his Body for ever: and for default of fuch Iffue, to Peter
Killigrew, Son of Sir Peter Killigrew Kt. and the Heirs-Males of his Body
for ever, by Letters Patents bearing date at Westminster, December 22.
John Keyt in Com. Gloucefter Efq. created Baronet Dec. 22.
John Buck in Com. Lincoln Efq. created Baronet Dec. 22.
William Frankland in Com. Tork Efq. created Baronet Déc. 24•
Richard Stydalph in Com. Surrey Efq. created Baronet Dec. 24.
William Juxon in Com. Suffex Efq. created Baronet Dec. 28.
John Leggard in Com. York Efq. created Baronet Dec. 29.
John Jackson in Com. York Efq. created Baronet Dec. 31.
Sir Henry Pickering in Com. Cambridge Kt. created Baronet January 2.
Henry Bedingfield in Com. Norfolke Efq. created Baronet Jan. 2.
Walter Plomer of Inner Temple in London Efq. created Baronet Jan. 4.
Herbert Springet in Com. Suflex Efq. created Baronet Jan. 8.
William Powel in Com. Hereford Efq. created Baronet Jan. 23.
Robert Newton of the City of London Efq. created Baronet Jan. 23.
Nicholas Soughton in Com. Surrey Efq. created Baronet Jan. 29.
William Rokeby in Com. York Efq. created Baronet Jan. 29.
Baronets made in the 13th year of the Reign of our most gracious
Soveraign Lord King CHARLES the second.
A
Walter Earnly of New Sarum in the County of Wilts Efq. created Baronet the
2d of February, 13. Carol. 2. 1660.
John Husbands in Com. Warwick Elſq. created Baronet Feb. 2.
Thomas Morgan in Com. Moxmouth Eſq. created Baronet Feb. 7*
John Lane in Com. Rofcommon in the Kingd. of Ireland created Baronet Feb:9.
George Wakefren in Com. Gloucester Eſq. created Baronet Feb. 13.
Benjamin Wright in Com. Effex Efq. created Baronet Feb. 15.
John Colleton of the City of London Efq. created Baronet Feb. 18.
Sir James Modiford of the City of London Kt. created Baronet Feb. 18.
Thomas Beaumont in Com. Leicester Efq. created Baronet Feb. 21.
Edward Smith in Com. Durham Efq. created Baronet Feb. 23.
John Napier, alias Napier, alias Sands Efq. created Baronet March 4.
Thomas Gifford in Com. Meath in the Province of Lemfter, in the Kingdom of
Ireland Efq. created Baronet March 4.
4.
Thomas Clifton in Com. Lancaſter Eſq. created Baronet March.
William Wilson in Com. Suffex Efq. created Baronet March 4-
Compton Reed in Com. Berks Efq. created Baronet March 4
Sir Brian Broughton in Com. Stafford Kt. created Baronet Mar. 10.
S f f 2
Robert
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}
Robert Slingsby in Com. Hertford Efq. created Baronet March 16,
Sir Ralph Verney in Com. Bucks Kt. created Baronet March 16.
John Crofts in Com. Suffolk Efq. created Baronet March 16.
Robert Dicer in Com. Hereford Efq. created Baronet March 18.
Sir John Bromfield in Com. Surrey Kt. created Baronet March 20.
Thomas Rich in Com. Berks Efq. created Baronet March 20.
Edward Smith in Com. Leiceſter Efq. created Baronet March 25.
Walter Long in Com. Wilts Efq. created Baronet March 26.
John Fettiplace in Com. Berks Efq. created Baronet April 8.
Walter Henly in Com.Suffex Efq. created Baronet April 8.
William Parfons in Com. Bucks Efq. created Baronet April 9.
John Cambel in Com. Effex Efq. created Baronet April 9.
Sir Charles Gandy in Com. Suffolk Kt. created Baronet April 20.
William Morice in Com. Devon Efq. created Baronet April 20.
Sir William Cayly in Com. York Kt. created Baronet April 20.
Sir Charles Doyly of the City of London Kt. created Baronet April 26.
William Godolphin in Com. Cornwal Efq. created Baronet April 29.
Thomas Curfon in Com. Oxford Efq. created Baronet April 30.
Edmund Fowel in Com. Devon Kt. created Baronet May 1.
John Cropley in Com. Middleſex Efq. created Baronet May 7.
William Smith in Com. Bucks Efq. created Baronet May 10.
George Cook in Com. Tork Efq. created Baronet May 10.
Charles Lloyd in Com. Montgomery Efq. created Baronet May 10.
Nathaniel Powel in Com. Suffex Efq. created Baronet May 14.
Denny Ashburnham in Com. Suffex Efq. created Baronet May 15,
Sir Hugh Smith in Com. Somerfet Kt. created Baronet May 16.
And fo we have glided through this Sphere of Glory, in which the ancient
honour of the Government is refixed, and gives us the full and compleat fight
of this wonderful Revolution; each Luminary fhining in its proper Orb, and
in its Degree; the Soveraign, Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry recovered to their
former and diſtinct Luftre: and to ſay no more, the whole community of En-
glish Freemen, whofe ftate and condition no Nation can parallel, from being the
fervants of fervants, are become their own Mafters, and are arrived by this
Change, to be again the envy, that were but lately the fcorn and derifion of
the World.
*
In this Confiſtency the King was defirous to meet this Illuftrious Body in
Parliament, to clofe thofe diftances and feparations, and redintegrate the mutu-
al affections, endearments, and natural kindneffes, which the unnaturalneſs and
perverſe malignity of the times had by our Divifions abrupted and hitherto
diſcontinued: the King had promiſed ſo much at the Diffolution of the late
Free-Parliament or Convention, and accordingly iffued out His Writ, (foon af
A now Parlia. ter) for their fitting down the Eighth of May (a little before which, ſeveral Mu-
ment, May 8. fters had been made in England of the Militia; and a General Train in London,
in Hide-Park of Horfe and Foot, Fourteen Regiments whereof the King was
pleaſed to view there.) In thefe Elections it appeared how much a Com-
monwealth, or thoſe Actions which were pretended to be done by the People
in Parliament (by a few modulers thereof) were ever approved, for not fuch
a man had a Voyce, and the Election of the Free Parliament gave little Encou-
ragement to ftand for it: the main ftickling was between the Epifcopal and
Presbyterian Parties, and even that numerous Party (as was ſaid by themſelves)
found how much they were mistaken in the Suffrages of the Kingdome, when
under no awe, nor in the phrenfy of miſguiſed Zeal: feveral Letters were in-
tercepted from the chief Minifters of that Perfwafion, exhorting their Cor-
refpondents to do their utmoft for favourable Elections to their Difcipline, and
that very confidently, after the choyce made at London, of perfons the moſt of
them of their way,. But nevertheless, that there might not the leaft remain of
the
1661.
497
England, Scotland and Ireland,
*
?
the Government be left unjuftified and unreared; it fo happened, that far
the major part of this Houſe of Commons were not better affected to the
Peace of the Kingdome, than to the Reſtauration and Settlement of the
Church.
To this Parliament the King with his Nobles, according to the fplendid cu-
ftome of opening thefe grand Affemblies, rode in State and Triumph: but be-
caufe fo full a Narrative of fuch Glory hath already preceded, I will not fur-
ther dazile the Reader. The Houſe being met, the King fent for the Commons
into the House of Lords, where moft obligingly he declared, His content in
meeting them; most of them being known to him: that he was as confident, as of
any thing whatſoever, that it would be a happy Parliament; and in conclu-
fion, acquainted them with his Refolution of marrying the Infanta of Portugal,
which Match (he faid) he had propoſed to his Privy Council, and they had
every one highly approved it; that he thought none of them would willingly
have him live and dye a Batchelour, and therefore he had newly made and
figned a Treaty with the King of Portugal by his Ambaffadour Don Francifco
De Mello here Refident, and now upon departure with the fame Treaty, in Match mentio
Portugal
which this Article of Marriage was inferted. And then my Lord Chancellour, ned by the King
by His Order, gave the Parliament a further Account of His Majefties calling to the Parlia-
them. Sir Edward Turner the Dukes Attourney General was chofen Speaker ment.
for the Houſe of Commons; who in his Speech to the King expreffed the hopes
of the Commons, that as His Majefty had manifefted his great Indulgence to
that Adopted, ſo that he had a Bleffing left for this his Natural Parliament.
Theſe Ceremonies being over, wherein the dutiful refpects of the Houfes an-
ſwered the favour and affection of the King; the Parliament proceeded to
the Affairs of the Kingdome. Near that very time, a Parliament began in Ire-
land (after a like happy Convention had been by his Majefties Order, from their
Adjournment upon his Reftitution, reaffembled in that quality) Six Audly Mer-
vin being chofen Speaker. The Convocation of the English Clergy, all emi-
nent and moſt learned pious Perfons, met on the fixteenth of May at Weſtminſter.
And the Queen of Bohemia his Majefties Aunt, from a long abfence of forty
The Queen of
eight years, returned to White-Hall, where She was Married in One thouſand fix Bohemia re-
hundred and twelve to the Prince Elector Palatine.
turns into En-
terred in State,
May 11.
Her return was further fignalized by the revivifcency of the memory of the gland.
most renowned Marquefs of Montrofs, whofe Limbs having been fet upon the
Gates of four diftant Cities by the Kirk and Argyles party there, were taken
down, and in State, and in all fit Solemnity, and with the fame Honour brought
together, and by his Majefties Order (whofe love and memory of his Servants The Marquels
is one of his many other Princely vertues, and great evidence of the ſweetneſs of Montrofs en-
of his Nature) and the refolution of the Parliament, Interred with a Funeral
becoming his Family, and (as far as ſuch too late evidences and expreffions of
Grief and Honour could reach his merit) his own perfonal Renown and Glo-
ry; fo much the more indeed confpicuous, by the Death and deferved Execution
of the Marquefs of Argyle, who was this Hero's mortal and fpightful Ene- Arguile be-
my, that now expiated by a jufter Sentence, thofe barbarous violencies he had beaded, May 27
done.to Montroſs: he cunningly defended himſelf,and Pleaded the Kings Pardon, and Guthrey
and the Treaties in One thouſand fix hundred and fifty, and One thoufand fix and Giffan
hundred fifty one; but there were Crimes of a later date (befides the never-to-be- Hang'd,June
forgotten Treachery of Selling King Charles the first to the Engliſh) which
Condemned him.. He feemed at his Death to be refolved enough, and juftified
the Covenant, and had his Head taken off with the Maiden, fo is the Axe
called in Scotland. Near the fame time Mr. James Guthery one of the Remon-
ftrators, and a violent Adverfary of the Marquefs of Montrofs and all the Loyal
party, together with Captain Giffan a renegado to Cromwel, by Sentence and
Decree of Parliament, were Hanged in Edenburgh: fo far the Laws, and a
fuffering-fenfe of the Miferies and Reproaches that Nation lay under by
theſe men, and their Partizans guilt, did now prevail against the Domini
On
I
}
498
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
ļ
on of the Kirk, which had Inflaved and Inchanted the whole mafs of that people.
And for a final blow (as theſe mens Fates did ufher out what their devi-
ces had introduced (as great Events never go unattended) the Solemn League
and Covenant, (firft invented by Arguile and his Complices) which had raifed
fuch a Combuſtion in the three Kingdoms, was Sacrificed to the Flames by a
Vote in Parliament; the common Hang-man in ample manner burning it in
feveral places in London; which alſo was done all the Kingdom over with great
Acclamations; which being omitted hitherto, when fo often unwelcome occa-
fion hath been given to recite it, take it now in this its Mittimu.
A Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation
and Defence of Religion, &c.
W E, Noblemen, Barons, Knights, Gentlemen, Citizens, Burgeffes, Mini-
fters of the Gospel, and Commons of all forts, in the Kingdoms of
England, Scotland, and Ireland, by the providence of God, living under one
King, and being of one Reformed Religion, having before our eyes the Glory
of God, and the Advancement of the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jefus
Chrift, the Honour and Happineſs of the Kings Majefty and his Pofterity, and
the true Publick Liberty, Safety, and Peace of the Kingdoms, wherein every
ones private Condition is included. And calling to minde the Treacherous
and Bloody Plots, Confpiracies, Attempts, and Practiſes of the Enemies of
God, againſt the true Religion and Profeffors thereof, in all places, eſpecially
in these three Kingdoms, ever fince the Reformation of Religion; and how
much their Rage, Power, and Prefumption, are of late, and at this time encrea-
fed and exerciſed, whereof the deplorable Eftate of the Church and Kingdom
of Ireland, the diftreffed eftate of the Church and Kingdom of England, and
the dangerous Eſtate of the Church and Kingdom of Scotland, are prefent and
publick Teftimonies: We have now at laft (after other means of Supplication,
Remonftrance, Proteftations, and Sufferings) for the Prefervation of our felves
and our Religion from utter Ruine and Deftruction, according to the commen-
dable practice of theſe Kingdoms in former times, and the example of God's
People in other Nations, after mature deliberation, refolved and determined to
enter into a Mutual and Solemn League and Covenant, wherein we all fubfcribe,
and each one of us for himſelf, with our Hands lifted up to the moft High God,
do Swear,
1.
TH
'Hat we shall fincerely, really, and constantly, through the Grace of God, en-
deavour in our feveral Places and Callings,the Prefervation of the Refor-
med Religion in the Church of Scotland, in Doctrine, Worship, Difcipline, and Go-
vernment, against our Common Enemies: The Reformation of Religion in the
Kingdoms of England and Ireland, in Doctrine, Worship, Diſcipline, and Govern-
ment, according to the Word of God, and the Example of the best Reformed Chur-
ches and shall endeavour to bring the Churches of God in the three Kingdoms
to the neereft Conjunction and Uniformity in Religion, Confeffion of Faith, Form of
Church-Government, Directory of Worship, and Catechifing. That we and our Po-
fterity after us, may as Brethren live in Faith and Love, and the Lord may de-
light to dwell in the midst of us.
2. That we shall in like manner, without refpect of perfons, endeavour the ex-
tirpation of Popery, Prelacy, (that is, Church-Government by Arch-Bishops, Bi-
Shops, their Chancellors and Commiffaries, Deans, Deans and Chapters, Arch-
Deacons, and all other Ecclefiaftical Officers depending on that Hierarchy) Super-
ftition, Herefte, Schifm, Prophaneneß, and whatsoever shall be found to be contrary
to Godlineß,and found Doctrine, and the power of Godliness's left we partake in
other mens fins,and thereby be in danger to receive of their plagues: And that the
Lord may be one, and his Ñame one in the three Kingdoms.
3. We shall with the fame fincerity, reality, and conftancy, in our ſeveral Voca-
tions
1661.
499
England, Scotland and Ireland.
་
1
tions, endeavour with our Eftates and Lives, mutually to preſerve the Rights and Pri-
viledges of the Parliaments, and the Liberties of the Kingdoms, and to preferve
and defend the Kings Majesties perſon, and Authority in the prefervation and de-
fence of the true Religion and Liberties of the Kingdoms, "That the World
rr miy bear Witness with our Confciences of our Loyalty, that we have no thoughts
or intentions to diminiſh his Majesties juft Power and Greatness.
..
4. We shall also with all faithfulneſs endeavour the diſcovery of all fuch as have
been or ſhall be Incendiaries, Malignants, or evil Inftruments, by hindering the
Reformation of Religion, dividing the King from his people, or one of the Kingdoms
from another, or making any Faction or parties amongst the people contrary to this
League and Covenant: that they may be brought to publick Trial, and receive con-
digne punishment as the degree of their offences shall require or deſerve, or the fu-
preme Judicatories of both Kingdoms reffectively, or others having power from them
for that effect, fhall judge convenient.
5. And whereas the happineß of a bleſſed Peace between theſe Kingdoms, denied
in former times to our Progenitors, is by the good providence of God granted unto us,
and bath been lately concluded and fetled by both Parliaments. We shall each one
of us according to our place and intereft endeavour that they may remain conjoyned in
a firm Peace, and Union to al Pofterity and that justice may be done upon the wil-
ful oppofers thereof in manner cxpreffed in the preccedent Article.
6. We shall also according to our Places and Callings, in this common Cause of
Religion, Liberty, and Peace of the Kingdoms, aſſiſt and defend all thoſe that enter
into this League and Covenant, in the maintaining and purſuing thereof, and shall
not fuffer our felves directly or indirectly, by whatſoever Combination, Perfwafion, er
Terrour, to be divided and withdrawn from this bleſſed Union and Conjunction ;
whether to make defection to the contrary part, or to give our felves to a deteftible
indifferency or neutrality in this Cauſe, which ſo much concerns the Glory of God,
the good of the Kingdoms, and Honour of the King; but shall all the daies of our
lives zealously and conftantly continue therein, against all oppofition, and promote
the ſame according to our power against all Lets and Impediments whatſoever. And
what we are not able our felves to fupprefs, or overcome, we ſhall reveal or make
known that it may be timely prevented or removed. All which we shall doe as in
the fight of God.
And becauſe theſe Kingdoms are guilty of many fins and provocations againſt
God and his Son Jefus Chrift, as is too manifeft by our preſent diſtreſſes and dan-
gers, the fruits thereof: We profeß and declare before God and the World our un-
feigned defire to be humbled for our own fins, and for the fins of these Kingdoms, e-
Specially that we have not as we ought valued the inestimable benefit of the Gospel :
That we have not laboured for the Purity and Power thereof; and that we have
not endeavoured to rece Chrift in our Hearts, nor to walk worthy of him in our
Lives, which are the Caufes of other fins and tranfgreffions, fo much abounding
amongst us : and our true unfaigned purpoſe, defire, and endeavour, for our felves
and all others under our Power and Charge, both in publick and in private, in all
Duties we owe to God and Man, to amend our lives, and each other to go before ano-
ther in the Example of a real Reformation,that the Lord may turn away bis Wrath
and heavy Indignation, and establish thefe Churches and Kingdoms in Truth and
Peace. And this Covenant we make in the prefence of Almigbey God, the Sear-
cher of all Hearts, with a true intention to perform the fame, as we ſhall answer
at that great day, when the fecrets of all Hearts fhall be difclofed; moft bumbly be-
・feeching the Lord to strengthen us by his Holy Spirit for this end. And to bless
our defires and proceedings with fuch fucceß, as may be deliverance and ſafety to his
People, and encouragement to the Christian Churches, groaning under, or in danger
of the Toak of Antichriftian Tyranny, to joyn in the fame or like Affociation and Co-
venant, to the Glory of God, the Inlargement of the Kingdom of Feſus Chriſt, and
the Peace and Tranquility of Christian Kingdoms and Commonwealths.
It
1
500
Part IV
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
1
It confifted juft of 666 Words, as fome curious Criticks obferved the num-
ber of the Beaſt in the Revelations. Mott certain it is, the baiting and difputing
of it, made the Field, the Pulpit, and the Prefs, a fad Theatre.
Plots and De-
The good Progrefs was made by this Parliament in this way, to return us
fignes laid by
where we were, did highly urge the difcontents of the late Anarchy; and their
the Fanaticks. anger fuggefted to them fome hopes of undoing all again; and in this revenge
they parted themſelves, becauſe they faw the Presbyterians concerned, who ci-
ther muſt comply, or equally Suffer with them by fuch proceedings; and there-
fore new defigns were meditated, and divers Confpiracies framed, and Councels
and Meetings had by ſeveral of that Party, who afterward were feized into cu-
ftody, after they had vainly endeavoured and projected new troubles; fuch
were Praife God Barebone, Samuel Moyer, Colonel Salmon, Major Wildman, late
Alderman Ireton, fince fecured in a remote Caftle, Major Hains, and others;
fome of them fince releaſed and diſcharged by the Kings favour.
Sir Charles
Lucas re-inter-
red with So-
In the like manner as the renowned Montrofs had been interred, fo with pro-
portionable folemnity the two moft Loyal Commanders Six Charles Lucas and
Sir George Lifle were re-interred at Colchester the Seventh of June, the fame day
Lemnity, Jun.7. thirteen year they took up Arms for the King in that Town, which extremity
they nobly defended: the vicine Gentry and Townſmen in Arms and Mour-
ning attending their Hearfes; both Corps being laid in the Vault fet
apart for
the Sepulchry of Sir Charles his Family.
Earl of Sand-
wich before
Algier, July.
Several Laws
confirmed and
made, &c.
Mr. Prynque
Bioned, &c.
The Earl of Sandwich (the Streights and the Levant-feas being infefted
with the Pirats of Algier, Tunis and Tripoly, notwithſtanding our late League )
by the fright of Porta Ferino (for fince the departure of Captain Stoaks, who
was left by Blake in 1657. with eight Ships, and returned in 1659. the old Pi-
racy was frequently exerciſed) was fent with a Fleet of War, to reduce them
to better Terms: He fet fail with his Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson, leaving
his Rear-Admiral Sir Richard Stayner on the 19 of June, and the 29 of July
came before that Port of Algier, ſending in a civil Meſſage to the Dy or Balhaw
of the place, that he came to confirm the League made formerly between us
and them; and a Treaty accordingly ensued: but they refufing to deliver the
Captivés, except upon hard conditions, and not to be brooked by thofe who
had made them feel the ſmart of their former Infolence; the General weigh-
ed, and ſtood into the Harbour; but they ever fince their former difafter had
with new Fortifications and a Mole with Forts fo fecured themſelves, that after
the firing of fome of their Ships, and doing ſome Execution on them, it was
adviſed the Fleet ſhould make out again; which they did with the lofs of fome
men, and the Wounding and maiming of others; as alfo of their Yards, Sails
and Rigging. After which Enterprize, the Earl leaving Sir Sohn Lawson to
block them up, and their Thieving-trade being ftopt, departed with part of his
Fleet to the Coaft of Spain, to Tangier, and fo at length to Lisbon, according to
his Orders.
In the mean time the Parliament,at the fpecial inftance & defire of the King,
had paffed an Act for Confirmation of the Act of Oblivion; which being done
by the Free Parliament not called by his Majefties Writ,was not thought by the
guilty valid, and fecurity enough to them. They likewife ratified moft or all of
the other Laws Enacted by the fame Authority. They framed another for
Regulating Corporations, Impowring Commiffioners to difplace fuch as boxe
Offices, and were any way fufpected as Ill-willers to the Government and his
Majesties Authority, or fhould refufe to take the Oath of Allegiance and Supre-
macy or finally, which was the onely Teft, if they would not renounce the So-
lemn League and Covenant, as unlawful in it felf, and illegally impofed; the
Wifdom of the Parliament knowing what Seeds were fown of that Thiſtle,
and how untractable it was. During this Debate of the Houſe, Mr. Pryn
could not refrain, againſt the priviledge of the Houſe, of which he was a Mem-
ber, from publishing of certain Reafons againſt the faid Bill, as contrary to
1
Magna
}
1661.
501
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Houfe.
Magna Charta; which the Houfe being informed of, the Serjeant at Arms was
ordered to feize the Printer; and Mr. Pryn owning of it, he was brought to
the Bar, and rebuked by the Speaker, but upon his fubmiffion, and the Houfes Mr. Pryn que-
favourable reflection on his great endeavours to the Reltitution of the King, ftioned by the
he was remitted the cenfure and punishment he had by this overfight incurred,
not confidering the neceffity and Peace of the Kingdom required this courſe,
and how uſual and conftant it was with the Ufurpers; whereas now the Su-
preme Legiſlative Power, who may, and do ſubſtitute, Repeal and Eract ſuch
Laws as the times require, had thought fit to eſtabliſh this. There paffed alſo
another A&t repealing that of the 1 Caroli 7. againit the Prelacy, and the Bi-
thop; medling in civil Judicature and Affairs, debarring them alfo from their
Priviledges to fit as Peers in the House of Lords; to all which Honours, they
were by this Repeal reſtored to all purpoſes, as if the fame had never been En
acted a little before which, the whole Order of them were magnificently
feaſted at Sir Richard Brown's the Lord-Mayor his houſe, the 25 of June.
:
Alts against
Bishops repealed
Lord Munfon,
The Free-Parliament having reſpited the punishments of feveral of the Re-
gicides, as well thofe that lay under Condemnation, as others not fo fully
guilty of that Crime; the Houfes refumed the matter, and cauſed the Lord
Munfox, Sir Henry Mildmay, and Mr. Robert Wallop, to be brought to the Bar,
where their Eftates were declared confifcate, and they degraded from all Ti- Sir Henry
tles and Arms of Gentility, and farther Sentenced to be drawn from the Tower Mildmay and
through the City of London to Tyburn on the 30 of January next, and fo back Wallop/taten-
again with Halters about their Necks, upon Sledges, and to fuffer perpetual Im- ced.
priſonment. Sir James Harrington was to have been in this very predicament,
but he having his Liberty upon Bail from the Serjeant at Arms, left his Bail
in the lurch, and fled for it, and put himself out of the benefit of this quali-
fication. Phelps, one of the Clerks of the Court of Juftice, was marked for
this, but was not Sentenced. The Earl of Middleton the King's great Com-
miffioner, came about this time from Scotland to White-ball; and on the 30th
of this Moneth the Parliament was adjourned by the King to attend their bufi- Parliament ad-
nefs in the Country till the 20th of November; the King and they parting with journed Jul. 30,
mutual fatisfaction; the Lord-Chancellor declaring that the King's confidence to Nov. 02.
in them had not in the leaft deceived him. Much diſcourſe there was all the
Summer, that his Majefty would take a Progrefs to vifit his Loyal City of
Worcester, and the places of his Sanctuary and Refuge in his efcape thence;
and to that end, his Tent-Office was held at Clarkenwell green, to prepare and
make all things ready for the accommodation of his Progrefs: but the fufpi-
tion of affairs, and the defignes of the old Enemy, who as was faid before was
at work, deferred it this year, and a fhorter journey took up the next. Com-
miffioners likewife came from the Parliament in Ireland with an acceptable pre-
(ent to the King at White-ball.
The Duke of York, who had been chofen Captain to the Artillery-company
in London, and by their Deputies humbly requefted to honour them with his
acceptance, which he was nobly pleafed to do, and lead with them in their
Ground, and fee them Exercife to his good content; accepted now likewiſe
from them an invitation to dine with them, on their annual Feaſt-day, at Mer-
chant-Taylors Hall; whither accompanied him with the fame invitation the
Duke of Buckingham, and divers other Perfons of Honour.
This Moneth of August was the Reading of that excellent Lawyer and moſt
accompliſht Gentleman Sir Heneage Finch his Majefties Sollicitor, at the Inner
Temple whofe Nobleness and Generofity were herein equal to his matchlefs
Abilities in the Laws, as his magnificence in this Solemn occafion did make ap-
pear, eſpecially in that particular Treatment he gave the King, who to honour The King is ens
this, one of his beft fervants, was graciously pleafed to accept of it, and to dine tertained at the
in that Hall; a favour not before indulged to any of thefe famous Societies by Inner Temple
by Sir Heneage
any of his Royal Progenitors: the moft Illuftrious Duke of York was prefent, Finch.
and Dined here with his Brother, to both their likings and approbations.
Tit
Count
!
502
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Count Conningsmark, from the young King and Queen of Sweden, had
been here fome while; and now came another more fplendid Embaffy by Count
Brabe, at whoſe reception near the Tower, a Fray or Conflict happened betwixt
the French and Spanish Embaffadours Coaches for Precedency which fhould firft
follow the Swedes Coach: both Parties came prepared for the Encounter ; but
the French were bafely worſted, and feven or eight of them killed. This had
like to have cauſed a new Rupture betwixt both Crowns, the French King
fending a Meffenger to Madrid to demand fatisfaction; but at the intreaty of
The new-Married Queen, the difference was put up. While I am relating this
Forreign matter, I muſt infert, that the Prince of Spain, a Child about five years
old, dyed, and a young Prince or Dolphin was born to the French King on All
Saints day, and therefore Chriftned Lewis Tous Sands.
Several Prifoners in the Tower, Regicides and others,by reafon of the practices
of their Parties, were now in October fent away from the Tower to ſeveral remote
places, Caftles, and Islands, for fecuring the Peace; and with them, the Market
of Herbs, which ufually ftood before in Cheap-fide, (and by Tichburn in his Ma-
joralty, becauſe it cumbred up the ways, was placed in St. Pauls Church-yard,)
and a Croſs built there, which is yet ſtanding, was by Proclamation,to avoid the
fcandal of felling and buying in that Ground, now removed into Alderfgate-
(treet, and Aldermanbury. Several fufpected perfons of the Phanatick Party
were now feized, and committed to feveral Prifons. The Right Noble James
Duke of Ormond, after feveral uneffectual defignments of others, was ap-
pointed by his Majeſty Lieutenant of Ireland, which Place and Dignity he had
before fo prudently difcharged.
The Lords Spi- After the expiration of the Adjournment of the Parliament from July laft,
ritual restored. they met again the Twentieth of November, now in their full and entire Con-
ftitution; the Lords Spiritual the Biſhops, by virtue of the Act of Repeal made
the laft Seffion, taking their places; which the King in his Speech to the Houſes
did congratulate to them, as a felicity He much defired to fee accompliſhed,
Regicides be- in this goodly reftored Fabrick of the Government. On the Twenty fifth of
fore the Houle the fame Month, the Regicides that came in upon Proclamation, and were
of Lords, No- refpited after Sentence to the pleaſure of the Parliament, were brought to the
vember.
Bar of the House of Lords, to answer what they could for themfelves, why
Judgment fhould not be Executed: they all "Pleaded the Proclamation, which
they understood and fuppofed did extend to favour of Life upon the rendring
themſelves thereupon, as likewife that as to the Crime they were all of them
guilty of no malice toward the Perfon of the King: Henry Marten added,
that he never obeyed any Proclamation before but this, and hoped that he
fhould not be Hanged for taking the Kings Word now. They were remand-
ed back again to the Tower from whence they came, and no further proceed-
ing had concerning them. The Lord Chancellour in his Speech made men-
tion of a Plot, which one Major White had diſcovered, and upon which feve-
ral Perfons had been fecured, that were Officers formerly in the Army; and
what care had been taken by the King to prevent the danger, and to attain to
John James a full diſcovery. And this Michaelmas-Term, one John James (one of the
Hanged and Fifth Monarchifts, a Small-coal-man by Trade, and ingaged in Venners bufinels,
Quartered,
but was abſent, or ſaved himſelf the laſt day they broke out; but had not
Novemb. 27.
departed from his malice ever fince that diſappointment, but continued his
Meetings and Conventicles with others of his defperate Crew, among whom
he was a great Rabby or Teacher) flew out into feveral Traiterous Speeches
and Invectives againſt the Kings Perfon,Government, and Family, which relifht
of the fame Deſign couched in Venners Declaration; which being over-heard by
fome Neighbours living near the fame Conventicle, James was feized and
carried before a Juftice, who Committed him to Newgate, whence this Term
he was brought to the Kings Bench Bar, and there the Words were proved
againſt him, and he Convicted and Condemned as a Traytor: On the Twenty
ſeventh he was drawn on a Sledge to Tyburn, fome of his Sect and Opinion
throw
!
1661.
503
England, Scotland and Ireland.
វ
throwing themſelves into the fame Sledge, and embracing him; fo fond were
they of this their filly though bold Seducer. At the Gallows he denyed the
words, but owned and avowed his Chilianiſm and the Perſonal Reign of Chrift,
out of which reſpect he prayed not for the King, or any Authority, but with
the ufual confidence of his Party made an end. His Quarters were difpofed
of by his Majefties Orders, and his Head fet upon a Pole in White Chappel` near
the place of his Meeting, for example to his Fellows.
Some diſcourſes there were of a Defign about Dunkirk, and the Duke of
York, paffed over there this Month, carrying the Garrifon money, and upon his
arrival viewed the Fortifications and Lines, and found it ftronger by fome
new Forts the Governour the Lord Rutherford, now made Earl of Tiviot, and
Governour of Tangeir, had raiſed thereabouts; and after a ſhort ſtay returned
again for England.
In Ireland, Six Charles Coot Earl of Mountrath, one of the Three Juftices of sir Charles
that Kingdome died, and was buried in State, the power of the other Two re- Coot died De-
cember.
maining, being invefted in Sir Maurice Euftace and the Earl of Orery till the ar-
rival of the Duke of Ormond. He had done excellent Service in that Kingdome
againſt the Rebels, and though he afterwards fided with thofe here, yet did he
by his laſt Actions in fecuring that Kingdome to the Intereft of his Majefty,
and helping on the Reftitution, redeem his former demerits, which could be
charged on him, no otherwife, than as a Souldier of Fortune! he was one of
General Monck's right hands in carrying on the Change. The Duke of Or-
mond was by the Parliament of Ireland gratulated upon his appointment to
that Government, by Letters fent from the Speakers of both Houses.
The Council for the Principality of Wales was alfo erected by the King, 4 Council of
and fetled at Ludlow the ufual Refidence, the Earl of Carbery Lord Vaughan the Principali
ty
was made Prefident, the old Earl of Norwich Clerk of the Council, and others of Wales re
established at
of the Nobility and Gentry Affiftants; Judges alfo were eſtabliſhed, and the Ludlow.
faid Lord Prefident in great State brought into the Town, attended by a great
Train of the chief Perfons thereabouts, and joyfully welcomed and comple
mented.
This Christmass the Honourable Society of Lincolns-Inne renewed their Cu-
ftom of the Inns of Court, by chufing a Prince, who during the Feſtival com-
mands like a Soveraign in the places adjoyning to the faid Inne: the Gentle-
man choſen this time was one John Lort Efquire, a Gentleman of Wales, by
the Title of Prince Le Grange: he gave, and the King was pleaſed to accept a
Treatment from him; the Ceremonies due to a Prince being exactly obferved
in every respect, a Council, Judges, and Officers of State Honour and Nobility
attending this his Highness, whom the King at the expiration of his term of
Royalty made a Knight Baronet. The Marquefs Durazko Embaffador from
the Republick of Genoa was about this time honourably received by the
King,attended through the City to Sir Abraham Williams his houſe by the Earl
of Carlisle Complemented from the King by the Earl of Bullingbrook, and
brought to Audience by the Lord Buckburſt.
In Scotland, Epifcopacy which had been ſo long baniſhed thence, was now Epiſcopacy efta-
reduced with all gladness and teftimonies of a welcome reception, after the ex-blished in Scot
perience of fo many miferies and confufions which had befallen that Nation, land.
through the Fury and Zealotry of the Kirk. The four Bishops that were Con-
fecrated at Lambeth a little before this, whereof Dr. James Sharpe Arch-Bi-
ſhop of St. Andrews Metropolitan of Scotland was one, Confecrating others
in that Kingdom; the whole Order being there defunct, by the long ufurpa-
tion of the Presbyterian Diſcipline. To the confirmation therefore of this
Sacred refetled Authority, the Lord-Commiffioner, with moft of the Nobility
and Gentry accompanied the Arch-Biſhop of Glafcow, where the Kirk-Rebel-
lion was first hatched, to that City, where the face of things was quite alter-
ed; no Perfon or occafion ever welcomer or more acceptable than this, as
their Bells and Bonefires declared. And here the Lord Commiffioner put
Ttt 2
forth
504
Part I V
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
J
1
the Cluby.
forth a Proclamation prohibiting the payment of any Ecclefiaftical Rents o
Tythe, or profits of the Miniftry whatfoever, to any who in a fhort time limi-
ted thould not acknowledge and own their Diocefan Bishop and his Authori-
ty, and receive Inducom him. Some few grand Factious Predicants
flood out, and were cuted of their Livings, and others the most unquiet and re-
fractory Commanded to depart that Kingdom, now well cleared of that
Clergy, the Original and Fountain of thoſe bitter waters and Rivers of Blood
which overflowed the three Nations.
A like
Church-work was taken in hand in England: the King at his En-
trance into London, upon his Reftitution day, May 29, fadly obferved, and ſhook
The King re- his Head at the Ruines of St. Paul's Cathedral, and therefore the firft vacan-
the ru-
flects on thus cy his'affairs permitted him, was bestowed on the confideration of that Reli-
ne of St. Pauls
London.
gious Structure, and thereupon he iffued out a Commiffion to Sir Orlando
Bridgeman, Sir Feoffery Palmer, and others of the Long Robe, with other Gen-
lemen, to take fome fpeedy Order for the Repair thereof and to that pious
work he gave the' Arrears of Impropriations and Ecclefiaftical Livings excep-
ted out of the Act of Oblivion; impowering to call all fuch as owed any Mo-
neys the reupon to account, and to lay it out to that ufc. The former Dean of
which Cathedral (Dr. Nicholas, Brother to Matter Secretary of State Sir Ed-
ward) died now of a malignant Feayor, called the Country new Difeafe: and
Dr. Barwick, a man that had fuffered all Extremities even of Dungeon and
Famine' in the Tower from the Rump, foon after the King's death was fabftituted
by the King in his place, it being reckoned with the late improvement the beft
Fetality among Deanry now in England. Soon after Dr. Nicholas, died Dr. Nicholas Monke
Bithop of Hereford, and Brother to the Noble General, whofe private Contem-
plative hie, was no lef's obferved than Jewels in the dark, which then ſhine
brighteft; his Illuftrious Brother governing the confpicuous fplendor of the
Times, while he ruled with the reclufe vertues of his minde in the obfcurity of
the Church: (which afterwards fpread the luftre it borrowed from the Beams
of this its Luminary, though now fuddenly deprived of a great part of it in this
his Setting.) And moſt fit it is, that his Name ſhould be Canonized, and for
ever had Sacred in our Kalendar and Church-Annals. About the fame time
died allo Dr. Brian Walton Lord-Bishop of Chester, famous for the Polyglotte-
Bible, and other Excellencies becoming a Prelate; nor did his fucceffor Dr. Ferne
many weeks outlive him, whofe defences of the Church will never be forgot-
ten. And laſtly died Dr. Thomas Füller, known by his feveral Books and inde-
fatigable induſtry, better than by any account can here be given of him. Such
a Train of Scholars and Learned men did barbarous Death lead in Triumph to
the Captivating Grave, that her envious Ponip might draw our eye and tears
to this fad fpectacle, and that might honourably accompany the Fate of the Bi-
ſhop of Hereford.
Another Fleet
for Portugal
A Fleet was Rigg'd and fet to Sea to fetch home the Queen from Portugal,
and to carry the Forces to Tangier, which was delivered by the Portugueże Gar-
and Tangier, rifon to Sir Richard Stayner, who with 500 men was left to maintain it till
hemia dies
the Eail of Peterborough, defigned for that Command, fhould arrive. And
for the Queens own Tranfportation, the Royal Charles, which brought the
King from Holland, was fent with this Fleet. In the mean while, the Queen
of Bohemia the King's Aunt died, February 13. aged 65 years, having been out
of England 49 years, and furvived all the misfortunes of her Family, which al-
Queen of Bo- molt from the time of her Marriage in 1612. on St. Valentines day (on the
eve of which the now died) had fallen very thick, and chiefly and folely upon
it: She now came to her reft among her Royal Anceſtors and Relations, whofe
Glories and Honours fhe left more flourishing and greater than ever. Her De-
ceafe was followed with a moft violent and Tempestuous Winde, February the
18th, (by which feveral perfons were killed, and much damage done in all
parts of the three Kingdoms, and in Forrain Countries) which might give
norice, that all thoſe Troubles and Calamities this Princeſs had fuffered, and by
Feb. 13.
A Storm Feb.
18.
which
1
1661.
505
England, Scotland and Ireland.
which moſt parts of Europe were Tempefted, were quite blown over, and
the gone to her falt Repoſt.
and others.
A very unfortunate accident happened the fame Month; The Lord Buck- An unfortunate
burst but now mentioned, his Brother Mr. Edward Sackvile, Sir Henry Bellafis Accident hap-
Knight of the Bath Son and Heir to the Lord Bellafis, Mr. Bellafis Brother to peaed to the
the Lord Faulconbridge, and Mr. Wentworth Son to Sir George, accompanying LordBuckhurſt
an acquaintance out of Town, upon their Return, being informed there were
High-way men and Thieves in the Road, meeting a Tanner, and fufpecting
him for one of them, after fome reſiſtance made by him, killed him: for this
mifchance they were Arraigned at the Kings Bench Bar, but by the Jury quit-
ted; it not being probable, that Perfons of their Eftates and Quality would fet
upon a fingle Perfon to do him injury, but it might happen meerly by a miſtake,
and good intent of freeing the Road.
The Parliament had under their confideration the bringing of Lambert and Lambert and
Vane to their Tryal, being excepted out of the Act of Oblivion, as main Au- Vane ordered
thors and Contrivets of thofe Troubles in the Rebellion, and therefore defired to Tryal.
His Majesty that he would be pleafed to fend for them from their remote Pri-
fons they were in, that they might be brought to Tryal; that fuch bold Trea-
fons might not pass with impunity. On the other hand, that they might teftifie
their acknowledgments to the Duke of Albemarle, of his great merit and fer-
vices, in the Redemption of his Country; they by Act now refolved to ſettle
fome Mannors and Lands upon him, and confirmed the Kings Grants and The General ho-
Patents, or what fhould afterwards by Grants or Patents be conferred on him. noured, &c.
The Duke of Ormond was likewife prefented with the fum of Thirty thou-
fand pounds in Bills of Exchange, as a gratuity from the Parliament of Ireland,
in refpect of the Services he had done that Kingdome in the fame capacity be-
fore; where alfo the Bill of fettlement of Lands was the fole Affair in Debate,
the difficulty about Claims of the Engliſh and Iriſh, intricating and perplexing
the Bill; fo that the Dukes preſence was very much defired, as by whofe
prudence, underſtanding, and competent knowledge, together with his equal
relation to both Parties, that tedious Work could only be accommodated, which
brings with it the conclufion of the year 1661, the 14th year of the King.
Anno Domini 1662.
par-
HE beginning of this, and the end of the laft year, was remarkable with
Ta
a very notable Providence, which for the more compact account of it, is
totally referred hither. It hapned, that among other the Fugitives for the
ricidial Confpiracy in the Death of the King,Miles Corbet, Colonel Okey, and Col.
Barkſtead, which had traverſed moft parts of Low, and fome of High Germany,
where they had for a while refided at the City of Hanow, under borrowed
names, about the beginning of March were returned to Delf in Holland, ha-
ving appointed their Wives to meet them there, to underſtand their Affairs in
England's but theſe their Letters being intercepted and opened by the vigilance
of Sir George Downing His Majefties Refident at the Hague, they were all three
taken together at Barktead's and Okey's Lodging, just as Corbet after Supper was
going home, by the Thief-takers and the Marthal of that Town. Okey offered Miles Corber,
Colonel Okey
a refolute Efcape Barktead denyed himſelf, and defired he might fetch his and Barkſtead
Cloak in the next Room; Corbet (as he ſaid) having taken Phyfick that day, taken in Hol
fell a Purging upwards and downwards in a very ftrange manner. Sir George land, fent over
himſelf was prefent at the feizure, and had them that Night fecured in the com- to the Tower.
mon and ordinary Prifon, and thence conveyed them by the States order on
Board the Blackmore Frigot, then accidentally at Helveet-Sluce, having only
brought over Mr. Armorer fent from the King to the Lords upon fpecial occafions.
About
1
506
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Sentenced and
Executed Ap.2.
Col. Okey's ba-
dy giben to bis
Friends.
Acts of Parlia-
ment paſſed.
About the end of March they came to Gravefend, where Sir John Robinſon Lieu-
tenant of the Tower, by Warrant from his Majefty, with a Guard carried them
to the Tower; whence on the 16th of April they were brought to the Kings
Bench Bar, and there demanded what they could fay for themfelves, why
they ſhould not die according to Law, the A&t of Attainder being read to
them: To which they alledged, they were not the fame perfons mentioned
therein; whereupon Witneffes being ready, were called, and a Jury impannel-
led, who gave verdict that they were the fame perfons; and ſo the Lord Chief
Juftice Fofter proceeded to Sentence, which was the fame with the former com-
plices and fufferers for that Fact, and was Executed on Saturday, April the 19,
at Tyburn, where they with better ends than any of the reft, acknowledged
their refolved acquiefcence under the Kings Government, as of God, and ex-
horted others to do los efpecially Colonel Okey, a perfon that for his valour and
other good qualities was pitied by all men, for his being fo blinded and enfnared
in this Crime to his deftruction. They all pretended no malice to his late Ma-
jefty, and their miſtake of the Parliaments Authority for good and ſuffici-
ent.
They were all three Hanged, Bowelled, and Quartered; but his Majefty
was graciously pleafed, out of regard to Colonel Okey's Chriftian and du-
tiful carriage, to return his Quarters to his Friends to be interred; which was
done in the Chappel of the Tower., by the Rites appointed in the Common-
Prayer, to prevent the unruly concourſe of the Fanaticks, who aſſembled in
multitudes to accompany his Corps, infomuch that the Sheriffs were forced to
difperfe them. Barktead's and Corbet's quarters were fet upon the Gates, the
Head of the former upon a Pole on Trayters Gate in the Tower; and Corbet's
on London-Bridge. For this kindenefs and civility of the Dutch States, the King
ordered his Relident to thank them in his Name; from which parts feveral of
the Fanaticks that fled thither upon the Kings Reftitution, about this time tra-
velled into Germany,an invitation being publifhed from one of the Princes there,
for all Nations to come and inhabit (with full priviledges and immunities)
certain wake places of his Dominions; and an invitation was fent hither from
them to others of the fame principles to follow them.
Her Majesty Queen Catharina was now expected to be at Sea, and therefore
his Majetty came to the Parliament and acquainted them with the fame, and de-
fired that as a Complement to her, they would cauſe the Highways and Streets
of London to be fitted and cleanſed againſt her reception,and to make what haft
with convenience they could, with the dispatch of thofe Bills under their con-
fideration. And ſoon after, to remedy the perverfnefs and obftinacy of the
Quakers againſt taking the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy, and their mee-
ting (and Conventicling publickly together) to the peftring of the priſons
whither they were Committed, and their Enthufiaft tricks (one Thomas for-
merly a Lieutenant of that party, poyfoning himself; and one Powel a Wid-
dow poyfoning of her Son-in-law and another perfon) a Bill was paffed
against them, with the faid Bill for High-ways, now ready for the King's af-
fent, which he gave by his Commiffion to the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treafu-
rer, Duke of Albemarle, and Earl of Manchester. By this A& feveral incon-
venient paffages in London are to be enlarged, and Houſes that jutted into the
ftreet and obſtructed the ways, were to be pulled down, as the upper end of
Ludgate-bill, on the South-fide of the ſtreet, and elſewhere.
Having but onely mentioned the Kings Declaration of his Marriage, for his
choice, whereof both the Lords and Commons returned him their thanks;
it will not be impertinent in this place to give a larger and fuller account there-
of. This Royal Bride Heaven had more efpecially prepared and prediſpoſed
An account of out of the Royal Family of the Kings of Portugal, which having fuffered
the Marriage of an Ecclipfe by the powerful interpofition of the Spanish Monarchy, for the
the King, &c. fpace of neer an hundred years, was now revifited in its Splendor in the af
lumption of John ( Duke of Braganza) the fourth of that Name King of
Portgual
1662.
507
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Portugal, by almoft as miraculous a Turn as that of our Captivity by the Kings
Reftitution. So Providence was pleaſed to adapt and fit both theſe Princes
Conditions and Eſtates to this happy juncture of them in this Royal and happy
Eftate.
This was defigned by King John in the beginning of our Troubles, and of
his Reign; and was one of the hrft Acts of State he did with us, managed here
by Don Antonio de Souza his Embaſſadour hither, who was very inftrumental
in tranfacting His late Majefties Affairs of Forraign Concernments, receiving
and returning his Diſpatches. One Ingredient no doubt in point of Civility
and Honour, among thofe other of Affection and Intereft, that make up this
Princely Match. Thefe were fomething, as alfo his Majefties reflection on
his Perfonal picque with the Spaniard, who had very much difobliged him in
the time of the ufurpation, by courting and owning his Rebels, to fatisfie him-
felf of fome pretended injuries done him by his Grandfather and Father, by
lofs of his Spanish Fleet in the Downs, which the King had a moit inviting
opportunity here to remember.
upon the return of the Conde de Mello, as aforefaid, with the Articles of
Treaty and Marriage to Lisbon, they were preſently noyſed about the City,
and more loudly reported from all the Cannon in the River, both Portuges and
Forraigners; by which means, without further Proclamation, it was publick
about the Town; who like over-joyed People, betook themſelves to the pre-
fenteft, yet moſt folemn de monftrations thereof, by Bonfires and Entertain-
ments, &c. the Streets refounding with Healths, al Re del Grand Brettanna ;
which continued that Night and the next Day.
Not long after, by an Expreſs from England from the King to her, fhe was
Complemented with the Stile of Queen of Great Britain; which put that Court
into a new Splendor, both to her Retinue and Attendances and all Honours and
Daties done her, as if fhe were actually Crowned. It will not be much mate-
rial to infift on all the other particulars, viz. thofe fèveral Meffages fent and
returned betwixt thoſe two Royal Lovers, together with the intercourſe betwixt
the Two Crowns in point of Alliance and Security; nor the numerous refort
of the English every day to Worship this Sun of the Eaft, and pay their Early
Devotions to her: It will be more unneceffary to relate thofe Romances and
Fictions made by the Phanatick Crew at Home, that there were a Fleet of Spa-
niards and Hollanders that lay ready in her way to intercept her Paffage into
England.
We will only mention the happy Arrival of that Fleet and the Royal Charles
from England, (with Sir Richard Faufhaw fent to falute the Queen for his Ma-
jefty, who now impatiently expected her Arrival, as did the whole Nation to-
gether with him.) Juft at the fame time the Earl of Sandwich now the ſecond
time vifited the Queen, being appointed to attend her departure, and to convey
her into England; the King her Brother, and Mother, with his Nobles and the
whole Court, in a folemn Proceffion and Cavalcade from his Palace, where the
English Gallantry there prefent affifted, accompanied her, till fhe Arrived at the
River-fide (the Golden Tagus) where the entred a Stately Brigandine,and the Na-
val Triumphs commenced their Glory.
For as foon as the King and Queen were reimbarqued for Lisbon, and return- The Queen re-
ed with the diſcharge of all the Cannon, the Fleet immediately with a fair wind Reimbarques
and leading Gale, began their courſe, being as they paft the River faluted by
April 13.
all the Block-Houfes, Forts, and Caſtles, with the imitation of their Thun-
der.
That Night,and part of the next day, the Wind and Weather was very pro-
pitious; but then coming clear about and contrary, it fo retarded the Voyage,
that in a Fortnights time they hardly got into the middle of the Bay of Biscay,
where the Queens Majetty diſpatcht away Mr. Montague, Sir Tho. Sands, and
Sir Joseph Douglas,on the 29 of April at Seven at Night, to give an account to
the King of Her Condition; which the untowardlineſs and averſeneſs of the
Wind
508
Part IV-
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
The Duke of
Wind had much altered, by protracting her longing defires of meeting the King;
and alfo incommodating her by the toffing and topping of the Sea, fo that the
lay fick for the moſt part of the Voyage; until about the Fifth of May, with
indefatigable working and skill, the whole Fleet reached the Iflends of Scilly,
the furthermoli Weltern Dominions of England.
Her Arrival had been every day expected a fortnight before; which caufed
York at Sea the King to fend down his only Brother the Duke of York, Lord High Admiral,
to attend the to attend on her upon the Coaft, and to Complement her in his Name: where-
Qufers Arri-
Lal, with the upon his Highness hafted to Portsmouth; and on the Eleventh of May attended
Duke of Or- by the Duke of Ormond, the Earls of Suffolk and Chesterfield, the Lord Berckley,
mond, &c.
and other Perfons of Quality, went aboard the ftately Yacht, with which the
City of Amfterdam prefented the King,to Coaft about the lile of Wight to meet
her Majefty. On the fame day Sir Jofeph Douglas making towards Portfmouth
with an Express from her Majefty to the King, was met by his Highness the
Duke of York, five Leagues off the Isle of Wight, who commanded him back
with him to the Fleet. On Sunday morning about ten a Clock, they difco-
vered the Royal James; but there was fo great a Calm,that they could not reach
the Royal Charles till fix at Evening. No fooner had the General eſpied his
Highnets Yacht, but he went out in his Barge to meet him, the Royal Ban-
ner being all the while vayl'd till he was aboard. When his Highneſs came
into the Ship, the Souldiers gave three feveral thouts, and all the great Guns
in the Royal Charles (which from that time to the Queens Entrance had been.
filent) proclaimed his Welcome; after which, feveral Ships of the Fleet paid
him their Salutes. Being conducted to her Majeſties Cabbin, he was placed in
a Chair on her right hand, where after ſeveral expreffions of Joy for her Ma-
jefties happy Arrival on the Coaft of England; and having prefented his Ma-
jetties high refpects to, and as exceeding Affection for Her; his Royal High-
nefs took his leave, to retire himſelf to his Yacht for that Night: and the next
morning Sir Jofeph Douglas was again difpatched to the King, in the illuftri-
ous Company of the faid Duke of Ormond and Earls; but was forced to Tide
it thence, and fometimes lay at Anchor, and could not reach Portsmouth till
the Evening, Thirteenth of May, from whence Sir Joseph took Poft, leaving
the Duke of Ormond to make preparation for the Reception of her Ma-
jefty.
Queen Arrives
May 13.
The King ſtays
to give his con-
lent to Bills
Preparing.
That Night the Royal Fleet with the Princely Bride came to St. Helens point,
the Eaftermoft Promontory of the Iſle of Wight, almoſt oppoſite to Portſmouth,
from whence, had it not been too bold an adventure to hazard her Majefty in
that narrow Streight of Sea, and in a Night-Tide, they might have reached
Portsmouth, the next morning; but making ufe of the Day-tide,which ferved
about Ten of the Clock, on Wedneſday the Fourteenth of May, the Queen land-
ed at Portsmouth, about Four of the Clock in the Afternoon, where She was
received with all poffible demonftrations of Honour; the Nobility and Gentry,
and Multitudes of Londoners, in moft rich Apparel, and in great numbers, wait-
ing on the Shore for her Landing; and the Major and Aldermen, and the Prin-
cipal Perfons of that Corporation, being in their Gowns, and with a Prefent
and Speech,ready to entertain Her; the Cannon and ſmall ſhot,both from round
that Town,and the wholeFleet, Ecchoing to one another the loud Proclamations
of their Joy.
The King having received the expreſs of his Queens Landing, prepared to
be gone forthwith, to Salute her upon her Arrival: but his great Affairs of
State, and Bills to be ratified by him into Acts of Parliament, which were not
quite ready for his Royal Affent, delayed him at Whitehall till Monday-night
the 19th of May, having fent before him the Bishop of London, who departed
the Seventeenth, in order to the Solemnizing of the Marriage aforefaid.
་
+
Which Bills being numerous, and very important, when paffed into Acts, fec
us right where we were the fame time Twenty years, defigning and enacting
Remedies againſt thofe Miſchiefs which prevailed againſt the happy Eſtate of
the
蠢
​1662.
509
England, Scotland and Ireland..
the Kingdome before, fuch as their Act paffed in the former Seffion againſt
Arined, or Army-like Multitudes; and number of Petitioners, which are not to
exceed ſeven or eight; and have,as far as humane Wiſdome can, provided againț
the like dangers of our late Confufions.
Bills.
There paffed likewife many feveral private Bills for felling of Lands, and The Nature of
alienating them for payment of Debts; which gave his Majefty occafion to take several private
notice of the depravity and corruption of manners in the late times; and to
declare, that his goodnefs in paffing them now, fhould not be brought into pre-
cedent for the future, and he himſelf would become an example of frugality,
and would provide fumptuary Laws against the Excefs and Vanity of the Age,
whofe loofenefs and fuperfluity did fo fadly affect him. But to return.
His Majefty having Signed all the Acts, which are now ſo many wholeſome
and good Laws, as no Age of our Fore-fathers can boaſt of, to adorn and Ho-
nour his Queens' Arrival, pofted away at Nine a Clock that Night, with his
ordinary Guards, in the Earl of Northumberland's Coach, Prince Rupert with
him only, to Kingston, where he came foon after Ten; and at the end of that
Town entered into the Earl of Chesterfield's, there fet ready for him, and the
Duke of York's Guards to attend him, and came before Twelve at Night to
Guilford, being Twenty five miles, where he Lodged that Night, and next morn-
ing Polt:d with the fame ſpeed to Portsmouth, where he arrived about Noon ; xing at Portſ-
and becauſe of the Queens indifpofedneſs, which yet held her in her Chamber, mouth.
the King ſatisfied himſelf by giving her a Vifit privately that day, and then
withdrew to his own appartments.
Yet it pleafed God to rettore her Majefty to ſuch a degree of Health, that
ſhe was able to Confummate the Marriage Sacred Rites, which were perfor-
med in that Town, in private; after which the Nuptials were concluded there,
by his Majefties Bedding his Queen that night.
During the rest of the ftay, Vifits were given to the Grandees of Portugal
who came over with the Queen, by all the English Lords and Ladies, and by
them again returned, until the removal of the Court next week to Winchester,
thence to Farnbam, to Windfor-Castle, and fo to Hampton-Court, where their
Majeſties took up the moft part of this Summer 1662. as well for the Salubrity
as Majefty of it, being one of the moft Magnificent Structures of all the Royal
Palaces.
Hampton-
Court.
Here the Queen received the Addreffes of all the Nobility, and Submiffions Queen at
of the feveral Deputies for the Cities of England; more particularly, from
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London, who by Sir William Wylde their Re-
corder (who pronounced a Spanish Oration) prefented her with a Purfe of
Gold, June 2.
On the Twenty third of August the was in great Triumph brought by Water
from Hampton-Court to finish her Voyage to Whitehall; all the Companies in
their Barges nobly fet out, attending the Lord Mayor at this Solemnity; and
ſeveral Pageants were placed upon the River, and Speeches defigned. All
which made a very noble fight, illuftrated by the rich and glorious fetting out
of the King's Barge. About feven at night,their Majefties arrived to that Palace;
as fomewhat before, the Queen-Mother, being fetch'd and attended by the
Earl of Saint Albans, arrived at Greenwich, where for a while after the refided,
till her fetling at Somerset-Heufe, as the abode of her remaining Widdow-
hood.
•
The Parliament of Ireland had likewife agreed upon an A&t for raifing One
hundred and twenty thousand pound, in two years, by Subfidies. In Scotland,
fix Biſhops were Confecrated, in the Abbey-Church of Holy-Rood-Houſe at
Edenburgh, with great fatisfaction and folemnity; where alfo the King had gra- Lord Lorn par-
ciously Pardoned Lora the Marquels of Arguile's Son, his Life, which he had doned by the
forfeited by judgment in Parliament; the merciful difpofition of the King de- King.
clining the inftigates of his juftice against the demerits of fo obnoxious and
Capital a Delinquent.
uuu
While
-
510
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
?
1
Tangers con-
dition.
Vane and Co-
Condemned.
While the main Fleet, with the General the Earl of Sandwich, was upon re-
turn with the Queen from Lisbon, Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson, with the
Frigots left with him, yet plyed to and fro about the Barbary-ſhore, taking
and facking all Veffels belonging to the Pyratical Trade of thole Places, to the
almoft breaking the Neft of thofe Infidel Thieves; and on the Twentieth of
April, having notice of fome of their Ships in a Port called Bugia, he tell in
with his Frigots in fpight of their Caftles and Guns,and burnt and rendred them-
unferviceable, and came out again with little lofs, April the Twentieth; which,
with the defpair of being rid of him and his Fleet, made the Algier Bashaw stoop
now to the offer of a Treaty, and to former Articles, with the required advan-
tage to our Commerce in thoſe Ports and Seas, which were fent from Sir John
Lawſon about June, and brought to the King at Hampton Court,who very well
approved of it; the Dutch having concluded a very thameful Peace or Truce
with them about the fame time.
Our Poffeflion of Tangier alarm'd the adjacent African Potentates with the
danger of our encroachments, and the Fame of our Warlike Martial Atchieve-
ments by Land as well as by Sea; which confideration drew down into the
confines of that Place one Gayland a Warlike Prince, but then a Rebel againſt
the King of Morocco and Fez, and ufurping part of his Dominions; who con-
tinued there, appearing and diſappearing for a ſpace of time, upon pretence of
a League and Friendship, when meeting of a fuddain as he was ranging there-
abouts with his Horfe (the ſwifteft in the World,) with fome of our Forces For-
raging for Provifion and Horfe-meat, he furprized and defeated them. Their
manner of fight being to leave and take as they fee advantage, which they do
with very active and quick force and refolution. Since, we requited it upon fome
of his venturing ftraglers: not long after, he came very freely and entred into
Treaty, which he finished, and is in good Amity at prefent with us. Shortly af
ter, the Earl of Peterborough returned thence, and gave his Majefty an account of
the place, and the Lord Rutherford late Governour of Dunkirk, and newly made
Earl of Tiviot, is now the Governour thereof; and Colonel Alfop, an antient
Souldier throughout the War, Commands under him. The King hath made
it a Free Port, and granted it all the Priviledges of a Merchant-City, being
feated very conveniently for Commerce, efpecially by reafon of the fecurity
thereof.
This Trinity-Term Sir Henry Vane and Colonel Lambert, at the requeſt of
the Parliament,having been brought from their remote Prifons in Scilly to the
Tower, were Arraigned June the Fourth, before Sir Robert Fofter Lord chief
Sir Henry Juftice at the Kings Bench Bar, and Indicted; Sir Henry, for imagining and com-
lonel Lambert Paffing the Death of the King, and for taking upon him, and ufurping the
Government; and Colonel Lambert, for Levying War against the King in
Middleſex, Cheſhire, Torkſhire, and other places of the North of this Kingdom.
Sir Henry Pleaded the Authority of Parliament, and juftified it, and put the
Court to a deal of needlefs trouble and impertinent repetition, but difowned
his medling or making with the Kings Death. Colonel Lambert behaved him-
felf very civilly and refpectively to the Court, and pleaded as his laft Plea, that
it did not appear by any additional word, that he was the fame John Lambert
mentioned in the Indictment: but he was told it was John Lambert Efquire;
and then he confeffed civilly his not minding it before, and ſubmitted. The
Counſel then craved Judgment against him; the Sollicitor-General faying, That
good manners cannot commute for Treafon. Both were Sentenced as Tray-
tors, but the Colonel Reprieved at the Bar by the King's favour, and regard
had to the report the Juftices had given him of his fubmiffive and handfome
deportment at his Tryal and therefore defired the Judges to return unto his
Majefty his moft humble thanks for his fo unexpected mercy (which the Judges
faid might have been, and was) once thought to be extended to Sir Henry,if his
frowardness and contemptuous behaviour had not precluded the way to it: He
nevertheless had this favour ſhown him, at the interceffion of fome of his Re-
lations,
1662.
511
England, Scotland and Ireland.
lations, who had deferved well of the King in his fervice, that his Majeftie miti- Sir Henry
gated the Sentence to a Beheading only, which was Execured on the Fourteenth Vane Executed
June 14.
of June, on the Scaffold at Tower-Hill (where the Earl of Strafford bled firſt
by his Fathers Treachery,) and there he ran out into Treaſonable Diſcourſes,
but was topt; and after two or three warnings, his Notes endeavoured to be
taken from him; which to prevent, he tore them in pieces, and in that Paffion
fubmitted to the Block.
Several Contrivances and Defignes being related to the Councel, hatched by A Proclamati
the Phanatick Party, caufed the King in their uſual method to retort their on for Twenty
Twenty Miles Proclamation upon their own heads, commanding all Officers, miles, againſt
c. under any of the late ufurped Powers, that had been disbanded, to de- Rump-Officers.
part Twenty miles from the City and Suburbs of London,and not to return with-
in Eight Moneths; fuch only excepted as by the Privy Councel upon their Ap-
plication to them, ſhould obtain licence.
The only Difcourfe and Difputation throughout the Kingdome was, what
the Presbyterian could expect after the Act of Uniformity was paffed, and
St. Bartholomews day the Twenty fourth of Auguſt expired, which was the time
limited for their Conforming to what the Act had required, by renouncing the
Covenant, and reading Divine Service and Common-Prayer in Church-Veſt-
ments, as the Surplice (the main thing bogled at.) Many endeavours there had
been before in Parliament for fome Toleration,and their Friends follicited to the
Presbyterians
utmoſt; but not able to carry it there, they Applied themſelves to his Majefty endeavours for
and the Privy-Councel, (the most of them having deferted and relinquiſhed their Toleration.
Livings, which the Biſhop of London with much prudence and forefight had
provided of able and pious Ministers, and exceptionleſs, whom he fetled in
their places) but upon full debate of their Petition, and as full a hearing, the
Councel laid it afide, there being none preſent to anſwer and diſpute their pre-
rences to a ſuperfeding the exprefs meaning of the Act, but the aforefaid Bi-
ſhop; and fo all their Chimera's or expectations they had raiſed in the Coun-
try by their Letters, to the obftinating of the more indifferent to the refiftance
of this Law, from which they made fure to get a Difpenfation (to the ruine of
fome Families) came to nothing: and now nothing but Transportation was
talked of, for ufing the free Exercife of that Religion. The Commiffioners
for Regulating Corporations had likewife proceeded to the difmiffion of ſuch
from all Offices and Places in Councel, and otherwhere,who refuſed to renounce
and declare the faid Covenant Illegal, and Suſpected, and not cleared for diſaf-
fection to the Government; but not many they were that were upon this ac-
count outed and diſcharged.
By virtue of the Allyance and Treaty with the Crown of Portugal, ſeveral
Forces were fent hence to Affift that Kingdome againſt the prevailing Power of
the Spaniard, who juft at the Majority of that King, and his taking the Go-
vernment into his own hands, had made a formidable Invafion and Progrefs.
into thoſe Dominions. Thefe Forces moft of them immediately fet Sayl from Forces fent un-
Dunkirke, fome Troops and Companies Landing there from Leith, all Com- der the Earl of
manded in chief by his Excellency the Earl of Inchiqueen (the famous Souldier. Inchequeen to
in Ireland) Colonel Morgan late Governour of Scotland being his Major-Gene-
Alift the King
ral: they arrived well and in good health there, on the Twenty ninth of June;
and after a little refreshment, (and being prohibited to eat the Fruit of the
Countrey for fear of Fevours and other Diftempers) advanced towards the
Campania: but the Spaniard having notice thereof, thought it not adviſable to
Fight with them in their ſtrength and vigour, but to wafte them with the uſual
incommodities of thofe Climates to us, and retreated back again immediately
into Spain.
In July following, the Duke of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, His
Majefty having given him a very Honourable and friendly farewel, and having
received the like civilities from the whole Court, fet forwards in his Journey
and Voyage to that Kingdome, where he Arrived three weeks after, and was
moſt
Uuu 2
of Portugal.
d arrived
Duke of Or-
mond
in Ireland.
'
512
Part IV.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Gloucester
moft Magnificently received into the City of Dublin, and congratulated and
welcomed by the whole Body of that People in Parliament; to whom in their
Affembly he delivered himſelf in a moft Excellent Speech.
There was mention made before of the Commiffioners for Regulating Cor-
porations, for the fecuring of the peace of the Kingdomes by thefe Gentlemen
named for each County, City and Borrough, it was ordered, befides the difpla-
cing of Officers, that the Walls of the refpective Cities and Towns of Glou-
Walls, &c. De- cefter and Coventry, Northampton, Taunton, and Leicester, and other places which
molished. had Bulworks and Garrifons, and maintained them throughout the War againſt
the King,and were the Reception of and maintenance the Rebellion, fhould be
demolished, as Examples and Security to fucceffive times: the County-Troops
and reſpective Trained Band Regiments guarded thefe places when they were
Demoliſhed. Dr. Gauden the Bishop of Exeter died about this time, Septem-
ber; as alfo William Lenthal the Speaker of the Long Parliament, very peni-
tently.
Dunkirk re-
?
The Town of Dunkirk taken from the Spaniard in One thouſand fix hun-
dred fifty eight,and kept ever fince at a vaft and great charge, was by advice of
the Lords of his Majefties Privy Councel, as being never annexed by Act of
Parliament to the Crown of England, returned to the French King, who upon
furrender of it in the year atorefaid delivered it unto us. Now,tor the fum of
Five hundred Thouſand pounds fully paid, that Fortress was delivered into the
Poffeflion of the French, under the Government of the Count d'Erades and
turned to the his Deputy the Marquefs of Montpear; two English Companies with the Go-
French King, vernour only Guarding the Gates at their entrance, and delivering the Keys of
the fame Town. The Honourable Sir Edward Nicholas,having ferved his Ma-
jefty and his Father as Secretary of State for many years, obtained his Quietus
eft from the King, who would have dignified his Merit with a Barrony, which
Sir Edward modeftly declined, becaufe His Majefty fhould not increaſe the No-
bility; and Sir Henry Bennet,late the Kings Refident in Spain, a very excellent
Perfon, was named to that Preferment.
October
Dr. John Ber-
kenhead
Kxighted.
A Plot
vered.
difco-
Among theſe and the like Honours conferred by the King upon his Faithful
and Loyal Servants and Subjects, which the purport of this Chronicle obliged
me to take notice off, and be their Herauld; this time challenged my obſervance
of a Dignity conferred on that eminent and worthy Perfonage Dr. John Berken-
head, Knighted with a Teftimony from his Majchy that he had done his Fa-
ther and himſelf very fignal and great fervices during the laft twenty years
Revolution and there is fcarce any Honeft man in the Three Kingdoms who
will not fay Amen to this his Majefties EU GE.
There had been fufpition of a Plot, and the City Trained Bands had watch-
ed and warded every Night, for the moft part of the Summer, ever fince the
Kings departure to meet the Queen; but now, the Defign appeared; the firſt
named was one Captain Baker a New England-man, an acquaintance of Hugh
Peters there, and preferred to be one of Olivers Band of Penfioners: this Fellow
acquaints one Hill,the Son of a Phanatick or Independant Preacher in the Street,
and tells him of a Defigne, and brings him acquainted at ſeveral Meetings
of divers of the Confpiracy, which he having good information of, revealed,
with the names of the Confpirators,to Sir Richard Brown. Some of thoſe
enga-
ged thus, only met, and heard, and reported their diſcourſes of Arms and other
préparations to their own gang, but approved the Treaſon ſo well, that they
never difcovered it. This Plot was against the Sacred Life of the King, the
Duke of York, the noble Duke of Albemarle, and Sir Richard Brown; and
generally the Bifhops, Nobility,Gentry and Commonalty that were not of their
Opinions, and Affitted them not and they had ready prepared a draught of
their Government: their Councels were carried on by fix, who never fate twice
in a Place; nor could be known to any two: their Commander in chief was
Ludlow, Colonel Danvers, Mr. Nye, Mr. Lockyer, and one Lieutenant Strange;
the Captains, Spencer and Taverner, were favourable to the Defign, and would
furprize
3662.
513
England, Scotland and Ireland.
furprize Deal Caſtle in Kent, as Windfor was certain to be theirs and the Word
the Night they were to fall on (which after ſeveral put offs, was appointed
the last of October) was to be given them by George Phillips a Serjeant in
the Colonels Company of the White Regiment. For this, the Eleventh of
December, the faid George Phillips, Thomas Tongue a Diſtiller of Strong Wa-
ters, Francis Stubs being a Cheefmonger, James Hind Gunner, John Sellers
Compaſs maker, and Nathanael Gibs Felt-maker, were Convicted by Evi-
dence of their fellow-Confpirators, Edward Rigge, Bradley and others; only
Hind Pleaded Guilty, and craved the King's Mercy: they alledged, they
never Acted fuch Trayterous intentions; but the Delign was proved to have
been communicated and laid open to them: after their full Defence, they
were all found Guilty and on the Twenty fecond of December, Philips, Phillips,
Tongue, Gibs and Stubs were Executed according to Sentence: but His Tongue, Gibs
Majelty was gracioufly pleaſed to give their Quarters to be buried, but and Stubs Ex-
their Heads to be fet up upon ſeveral Poles, two on each Tower-Hill, the ecuted Decem-
nearest place to the Tower.
On the Twenty fixth of December, his Majetty, to fatisfie the Kingdome
of his intents, in reference to the unsatisfiedneſs of Diffenters to the Efta-
bliſhed Settlement of the Church, expreffed his Indulgence to their Conſci-
ences, fo far as fuch Liberty would not Disturb the Publick Peace; nor
entrench upon the Orthodox Religion profeffed; and that he would uſe
his beft endeavours with the Parliament to that end.
ber 22.
About the fame time came hither a very fplendid Ambaffy from the
Emperour of Ruſſia, delegated to three of his Knez or Princes; the one of
them came fome time before the other, to prepare all things fuitable to the State Embaſſadors
of their Reception, and had Audience by the King in privatate at Hamton-Court. with Prefents
The Principal was Knez Peter Simonewitz formerly Governour of Archan-
from Ruffia.
gel, our Port of Trade in thofe Dominions: he was received in greater State
than any former Ambaffadours from any Prince whatſoever, both in re-
fpect He afeth the fame Honours to our Soveraigns Publick Miniſters
and the great Immunities and Priviledges the English enjoy again there 3
as alfo from that particular Affection which is between thefe Two Mo
narchs: as hath been hinted before. At his Receipt, the whole Military
Force of the City was in Arms, Trained Bands, Auxiliaries, Hamlets,
Westminster Regiments; feveral of the Companies and Liveries of the City
on Horfeback in their Gold Chains, with the Aldermen of the City Ri-
ding before him, who near York-Houle (where he was to be entertained
by the King, during his ftay) made a Lane for Him to paſs through them
thereunto: Two of them Rade in the Kings Coach; the Principal was at
that time fick, and came by Water to his Houfe: their Retinue, according
to their Countrey Faſhion, were Veſted in a long Robe girt about
Middle, loop-laced on the Breaft, and caped behind; His two Coachmen
and Poftilions the like, though English men: there were fome Thirty
Servants that Rode a Horfeback with Hawks on their Fifts, as Prefents.
On Newyears-day they were Conducted to White Hall, where they deli-
vered their Pretents of Furs, as black Fox Skins, Ermins, many Tinber
or fcores of Martins, Beavers, and the like; Perfian-Carpets, three Perfian
Horfes, Argamarick, and other Commodities of that Country, as Damask,
Silks, and Embroyderies; alfo a Ship Loading of Hemp: there were Preſents
of the like Nature from the Empress to the Queen; and from the Prince
of Ruffia likewife: they were all received with that affection and kindneſs
which the King on all occafions hath manifefted to have for that great
Potentate. Two of thoſe Embaſſadors departed herce for France, and ſo
to Italy; the Chief ftayed to to return in June with our fhips for his own
County.
the
On the Twenty fixth of December at night, in the Houfe of one Mr. De
la Noy, an Hamborough Merchant, who had lately married Sir Thomas Allens
Daughter,
1
:
i
514
Mr. Calamy
Committed.
Lord War-
Tower.
A Chronicle of the Civil Wars of
Part IV.
Daughter of Middlefex, being now with Child, as the Family were in Bed, a
fuddain fire, without breaking out into the Street (which was the new Buil-
dings in Loathbury, where others ftood) or being difcerned, fuddenly con-
fumed all that were within, goods and all, the Chambers and Goods being
all burnt from top to bottom, and not a fhreik or cry heard, it being fup-
pofed the greennels of the Timber, fmoking more vehemently at the eruption
of the fire, inftantly ſmothered them. A very fad and much-lamented pro-
vidence, feven being reckoned that were killed in this manner. The fire was
perceived at laft by the heat it cauſed in the next Houfe; but the Bricks and
the fhutters in the Windows kept it from breaking out.
Notwithstanding the inhibition to Non-conforming Minifters to Preach
or Exerciſe their Miniftry, and the penalties thereof; yet Mr. Calamy, late
Paftor of Aldermanbury, by reafon the Pariſh was diſappointed on Sunday the
Twenty eighth of December by a blind old Minifter that fhould have Preach-
ed there, as he pretended, went into the Pulpit and Preached ; and by his
Text, and Sermon, and Inferences, did reflect hardly and firangely upon the
ftate of the Church, and beyond his Laft, if he had been alfo capacitated to
Preach. For this Tranfgreffion and Contempt, he was by Warrant of the
Lord Mayor committed to Newgate, where many perfons came to vifit him,
to his no little advantage; but within two or three days, was by his Ma-
jefties gracious Clemency and his Order diſcharged from this Impriſonment,
though it were an Offence done, as it were, to affront that tendernets held
forth in His Majefties Declaration aforefaid. The Biſhop of Lincoln the fa-
mous Cafuift, Dr. Sanderfon, died in the middle of January; as many of that
Function had preceded him fince the King's Reftitution, and left his See to
the Lord Biſhop of Peterborough, Dr. Laney.
The Lord Warreton, a Committee of Safety-man, and infamous for his
refton in the Treafon in Scotland, and a Fugitive there, being Proclaimed Rebel and Tray-
tor, was taken and fecured in France, and fent over hither, where he was
Committed by his Majefties. Order to the Tower, in order to his fending
for Scotland: from thence Gibs the Brother of the aforefaid Nathanael, who
fled, and was lately retaken, was fent to the Seffions at the Old Baily, Febru
ary the Twentieth, and with the before-mentioned Baker, Condemned for
the fame former Treafon, and both Executed at Tyburn in like manner.
the Parliament.
The Nineteenth of February the Parliament met, where the King took
Declaration of notice of his faid Declaration of the Twenty fixth of December, wherein he
the King, and cleared himſelf of any mistakes, as favouring Popery: though he acknowledged
Refolutions of the Services of many of that Profeffion, yet he was fo far from Tolerating
or qualifying them thereby to hold any Office or places of Truft in the Go-
vernment, that he defired Laws might be made to hinder the growth of their
Doctrine That his Zeal to the Proteftant Religion and Uniformity fhall not
yield to the Biſhops themſelves; and yet, if the Diffenters will demean them-
felves peaceably and modeftly under the Government, he could heartily wiſh
He had fuch, a Power of Indulgence, to use upon occafions, as might not need-
lefly force them out of the Kingdome, or staying here, give them Cauſe to Con-
fire against the Peace of it.
In Anſwer to this His Majefties Explanation of Himſelf, and his Declaration
of the Twenty fixth of December, the Houſe of Commons diftinctly and fe-
parately, to every particular thereof, gave His Majefty their moſt humble
Thanks; withal, by their Votes and Addreffes to him, Vindicating their fet-
tlement of Religion in the antient Form, Difcipline, and Government there-
of, from the Calumny and danger of Schifm; and promiſed to Affert it
with their Lives and Eftates, as their particular and Parliamentary Honour :
which Reſolutions and Reafons being of fo recent Date, and the Answer of
the King not yet given thereunto, which out-meaſures the time of this Chro-
nicle, I do remit to another unwearied and unperplexed Pen.
Scotland in a moſt Peaceful ſtate and condition; and the Kingdome of
Ireland
*
+
1
3
?
1662.
England, Scotland and Ireland.
Ireland in a tendency thereunto: but through ſo many variations and viĉiffi-
tudes of Domination and propriety the Lands thereof had paffed, that it was
not imaginable the total fubverfion thereof by the Rebellion of both Parties
there, the Irish and Long Parliament, could devolve things into any preſumed
fecurity, it having been the firſt and laſt Stage of the War.-fed Tucro Duce
& Auſpice Tuero But the Eminence and Prudence of this Lord Lieu-
tenant, the moft noble Duke of Ormond, who hath fo often Governed this
Realm, hath given the greateſt pledges of affurance of an happy Eſtabliſh-
ment, whoſe beginning I.will not trouble with the fhort-lived rumours of
Commotions and Stirs now very frequent and rife by the Arts of our Malc-
Contents.
SIS
1
Thus far have I deduced the account of the Three
Kingdoms from the moft Funeft War, to a bleffed and
moft promifing Peace to us and our Pofterity: and
may there be in the fucceeding years of His Majefties
and his Royal Progenies Reign (which Almighty God
derive through innumerable defcents) no other occa-
fion of our Pens than the gratulatory Records of our
undiſturbed, unalterable Repoſe, Plenty and Tranquil-
lity.
L
1
لامه
}
.
1
;
1
3
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་
*
A BRIEF
ACCOUNT
Of the moſt Memorable
TRANSACTIONS
IN
ET NGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND
AND
Forein Parts:
From the Year 1662, to the Year 1675.
By J. Philips.
With Permiffion, April 17. 1676. Oldenburg.
LONDON:
Printed by F. C. for Tho. Baffet, at the George neer
Cliffords-Inne in Fleetfireet. 1676.
1
C
辈
​P
The Reader is defired to obferve the Alterations following.
Age 540. line 33. for and performed, read and faid to perform. P 541. 1.56. for above eight
good men of war,r.eight Ships.p.550.1.46.for all the Dutch Fleet,s. the greatest part. p.551.
1.40.for above soco.r.about 4000. p.575.1.15. for Vice-chancellorship, r.Chancellorship. p.
582.1.11.dele all.p.588.1.5.dele Sterling. p.603.1.ult.for Couronné,r.Couronne.
300000000020006609607
f
519
4
A BRIEF
ACCOUNT
O F
TRANSACTIONS
IN
"ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND, &C.
Here is a juftice due to the Memory of Actions, as
well as the Memory of Men; and therefore fince the
times of Ufurpation have had the favour done them,
as to have the Tranfactions of thoſe Years publike-
ly recorded, though to the fhame of thofe Times,
that had nothing but Enormity to fignalize 'em;
with more juftice may we affay to take a fhort view of thoſe great
and Noble Actions, perform'd in the fucceeding Years: Not that
we pretend to a Hiſtory, but in fhort Annals, and brief Collecti-
ons, to facilitate the way for thoſe that ſhall hereafter take a larger
and more confiderable pains.
Anno Dom. 1663.
Hat which the expectations of people were moſt fix'd upon,the beginning Parliament
of this Year, was the Seffion of Parliament, which beginning on the begins.
19th of February 1662, continued to the 27th of July 1663.
The first thing remarkable, was a Petition of both Houſes, Repreſent-
ing, that notwithſtanding his Majefties unquestionable zeal and affection
to the Proteftant Religion, manifefted by his conftant profeffion and practice.
against all temptations whatſoever; yet by the great refort of Jefuits and Ro-
mish Prieſts into the Kingdom, the Subject was generally much affected with
jealoufie, that the Popish Religion might much encreafe, and the Church and
X XX 3
State
"
520
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
1
efuits baniſh State be thereby infenfibly difturb'd upon which the King fet forth a Procla-
mation, Commanding all Jefuits, and Irish, Scotch, and Engliſh Prieſts to depart
the Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales, before the 14th of May
then next enfuing, upon pain of having the penalty of the Laws inflicted up-
on them.
But while they are bringing other Conſultations to maturity, many
other things preceding the Conclufion of their deliberations, are to be related.
In April his Majefty kept the Feast of St. George at Windfor, where the Duke
of Monmouth, and the Prince of Denmark, by his Deputy Sir George Carteret,
Vice-chamberlain, were inftall'd Knights of the Garter.
Campeach
taken.
Irish Plot.
Earl of Rothes
Toward the later end of May, came News from Jamaica, that the English
under the Command of Capt. Mymms, being about 800 men, had made an at-
tempt upon the City of Campeach, in the Golden Territories of the King of
Spain; and that they took the Town, though defended with four Forts, and
3000 men. But the Spaniards having intelligence of their coming, had fent
away their Women and Riches; yet though they mifs'd their chief aim, they
took the Governour, brought away 50 pieces of Ordnance, and 14 Ships which
were in Harbor.
To
The beginning of June brought News of a Conſpiracie of ſeveral wicked
perfons in Ireland, who were endeavoring to raiſe a new Rebellion there, by
furprizing the Cattle of Dublin. The Deligne was to have been put in execu-
tion upon the 21th of May, and the Duke of Ormond firft to be feiz'd.
which effect, divers perfons with Petitions in their hands were to wait in the
Caftle, while 80 Foot in the difguife of Handicrafts-men, attended without.
Their buſineſs it was to trifle about for an opportunity to furprize the Guards.
The Plot was diſcovered, and 500 lib. a head fet upon five of the Ringleaders,
to what perfons foever fhould apprehend them.
About this time, his Majefty caus'd the Earl of Middleton's Commiffion, as
Commiſſioner is Commiffioner of Scotland, to ceafe; and appointed the Earl of Robes to fuc-
ceed him in the fame Quality.
Scotland.
Bills paffed by
Commiffion.
+
་་་
On the third of June, His Majefty by his Commiffion under the Great Seal
of England, to the Lord Chancellor, Lord Treaſurer, Lord Privy Seal, Duke
of Albemarle, Marquefs of Dorchester, and Lord High Chamberlain, pafs'd
ten Bills, which were all private ones, but three; of which the chiefeft
was, for repair of the High-ways of Huntington, Hertford, and Cambridge-
Thires.
About the beginning of December, Mr. Paul Rycaut, Secretary to the Earl of
Mr. Rycaut Winchelsey, came from Conftantinople, bringing with him the Grand Seigniors
comes from
Conftantino- Ratifications of the feveral Treaties made with Argier; and as a mark of the
ple,
Kings fatisfaction in the management of his Employment, and the Meffage he
brought, His Majefty was pleas'd to honour him with a fair gold Chain, and a
Medal.
Jerley a new
Ma.
ú
Northern Plot.
diſcovered.
The defigne.
No lefs mindful was he of the Loyalty of his land of Jerfey; and as a re-
ward thereof, much about the fame time, he order'd a fiately filver Mace, tich-
ly gilt, to be bestowed upon the Bayliff, or Chief Magiftrate of the Iſland, to
be born ever after before him and his Succeffors, as an honourable Badge of his
Majesties affection to them, for their conftant adhering both to his Father and
Himſelf. It was received with all imaginable demonftrations of joy, and the
firſt that had the honour to have it born before him, was Philip Carteret, Elq.
Brother to Sir George, Vice-Chamberlain to his Majefty.
But now fo loud and fo hainous were the rebellious Treafons daily diſcover-
ed in the North, that it was thought convenient to give requitals of another
nature, and in the depth of winter to fend a Commiffion of Oyer and Terminer
to York, for trial of the most notorious Offenders in that Confpiracie. Seven-
teen were firft arraign'd; ten of which appeared to have been actually in arms
at Farnley-wood. The Plot was excellently open'd, to have been a Deſigne
which came from the Bishoprick about a year before; and that an Intelligence
was fettled between the difaffected there and in Yorkshire, as alfo in Ipswich, in
Suffolk
1
}
1663.
521
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Suffolk, and other Counties ; an Oath of Secrefie taken, and Agents employ'd
at London, and in the Weft of England, for affiftance.
In June preceding, two Agitators were fent into Scotland, to reconcile the
Sectaries there; who were entertained at one Oldroyd's houfe in Deusbury.com-
monly known by the name of the Devil of Deusbury; and afterwards divers
meetings were appointed at a place called Stanh-house in York-fhire. Whereup-
on Marshden and Palmer were fent to London, as Agitators to the Secret Com-
mittee there, and at their return, brought Orders to rife the 12th of Octob. with
affurance, that the Infurrection ſhould be general, and Whitehal be attempted,
Nottingham, Glocefter, and Newcastle were to be feized, as Paffes over the Severn,
Trent, and Tine; and Boston in Lincolnſhire, for a Sea-port to receive Succours
out of Holland, and other Foreign parts. All the Gentry were to be ſecured,
and perfons were diſpatch'd abroad for affiftance. Tork they aim›d at, but of
Hull they abfolutely deſpair'd, as Walters affirmed; who, to give him his due,
dealt moſt fincerely. Their pretences were to have been the oppofal of Excife,
Subſidies, &c. to re-eſtabliſh a Goſpel-Magiftracie and Miniſtry; to reſtore the
Long Parliament; and laftly, to curb the Gentry, Clergy, and Lawyers.
Fitteen of the feventeen first arraigned, were found guilty; the chiefeft of Plotters triẻ.
whom, was one Captain Oates. Afterwards ſeveral others were arraigned; who
farther confeffed, how the Defigne had been carried on by a private Committee
at London: That Lambert, or Ludlow, was propos'd for to have headed them:
That the Rifing was to have begun in Ireland, to have followed in England,and
then in Scotland. Of thefe, Cotton, Denham, and Atkins were the chief, who
all behaved themſelves with a notorious infolence; Cotton protesting, that he
valued his life no more than the Judge did his Handkerchief. There was alſo
among them one Corney a Preaching Anabaptift. Moft of them being convicted
and condemned, were afterwards executed, fome at Tork, fome at Leeds, and Exečnted:
others in other places.
Immediately after this, James Turner, a perfon for nothing more known
than for the confidence of his behaviour, came upon the Stage to plead for
himſelf, who had been a Sollicitor for others before; he was Indicted for Felo-
ny and Burglary, as one that had robb'd his own moft intimate friend, Mr.Sa-
muel Tryon, breaking into his houfe, and binding him in his bed, and then ri-
Aling away what he pleafed in the houfe: the matter of fact was fo ill defend- Turner tryed
ed by a tedious "peech of his own, that he was condemned, and fhortly after and hanged.
executed in Leaden-ball-street, near Lime-street-end.
A
ted.
But to go on where this neceffary digreffion interrupted me, and to fhew
how the links of their treaſonable Combination hung together; at London fhort-
ly after was tried a Printer, for having had a hand in Printing one of the moſt Printer tri-
execrable Libels that was ever brought to light; being a defigne all at once upon ed, and execu-
the Life, Honor, Authority, and Royal Family of the King, wherein there was a
general Call to a Rifing,in theſe very words, [If there be any City,Town,or Coun-
ty in the three Nations that will begin this Righteous and Glorious Work, referring
to the word Revolt, they may be aſſured, &c.] It was alfo ordered to have met
the day appointed for the general Rifing. He was found Guilty of having ad-
vifedly, and malitiouſly Printed the ſaid Libel; and was thereupon adjudged to
be drawn, hanged, and quartered.
ned.
After him, a Printer, a Bookſeller, and a Book-binder, were tri'd for a Mifde- Others Pillo-
meanor,found Guilty,and fin'd: the one a hundred Mark; the other two forty ri’ḍ, and Fi-
Mark apiece; all of them to ftand in the Pillory, and be return'd to Priſon till
the next Seffions; and then to confefs their faults in fuch manner as the Court
fhould direct; and to put in Security 400 lib. for themſelves, and 200 lib. for
their Surety, never to Print, fell, or publiſh any Book, but fuch as ſhould be by
Law appointed. The prementioned condemn'd Printer was executed accor-
dingly. The three others stood in the Pillory in Smithfield, and before the Roy-
al-Exchange, their Offence being expreffed in thele words, For felling and utter-
ing malitious, fcandalous, and feditious Books, against the King, the State, and Peace
of the Kingdom.
Nor
5
522
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
1
A remarkable
Providence.
A barbarous
murther com-
mitted by a
Portugueze
Servant upon
bis Mafter.
The Lord Hol-
¿
Nor muſt we omit the particular Acts of Providence, as well as thoſe which
are univerfal. A Story very obfervable, in the preſervation of divers Perſons of
Quality, in a houfe in Holborne who being there met to a confiderable num-
ber, a Link-boy paffing under the wall of the Houfe, obferv'd the Houſe fail-
ing; who thereupon immediately ran in, and bid the Company be gone, for the
Houſe was falling upon their heads. And fo returning at the fame inftant, and
the Company following him as faft as they could, they were no fooner out, and
clear of the door, but the houſe fell indeed to the ground, without any harm to
the Company.
This Month an Antient Gentleman, a Portugueze, lodging in Hart-street in
Covent Garden, having been abroad at his Devotions, fent his Servant out to
provide him fome Fish for his Dinner; which being dress'd and ferv'd up, a lit-
tle while after, the people of the houſe heard the report of a Piſtol,but took no
farther notice of it. A while after that, the Gentlemans Servant, a Portugueze
likewife, called Peter Cafar, came down and fate to Dinner with the people of
the houſe, where he ftaid moft part of the afternoon; and then went abroad,
and came in again. Toward the evening he went forth another time, and cau-
fed a Porter to bring home a large Cheft, which being carried up ftairs, the Boy
drew it into his Maſters Chamber; and a good while after, called the Porter to
help him down with it, which he did accordingly. But the Cheft proving too
heavy for the Porter and the Youth, another Porter was call'd, and fo they
carried it away to the water-fides where it was put into a Boat, and the Boy
bidding the Water-man croſs the water, pretending he was to receive mony for
the Goods in the Cheft, from a perfon that was to meet him there, ftaid a while;
but no body coming, at length in a rage to fee himfelt difappointed, caus'd
the fellow to row him back again, and by the way flipp'd the Cheft into the
Thames, and left it as in a fury to ſee himself fent of an Errand to fo little pur
pofe. After this, the Boy returned to his Matters Lodging; but fome blood be-
ing difcovered upon the ftairs, the fellow was apprehended: next morning the
Cheft being taken up and opened, there was found the body of his Mafter shot
through the head. That which moved him to this horrid Villany, was a fum
of mony, between 3 and 400 hundred pound, which his Mafter wore about him
in a Lift. He was afterwards condemn'd, and executed at Tyburn.
Upon the Nineteenth of March, the Lord Holles, Embaſſador from his Maje-
les Embala-fty to the French King, received his Audience at Chateauneuf, with great Juſtice
to the Royal Dignity of his Mafter, and with honourable refpect to himſelf. The
French King. fum of what his Excellencie delivered, which was in Engliſh, tending princi-
dor to the
June.
pally to fignific his Royal Maſters Intentions to preſerve an Amity and fair Cor-
reſpondence with that King, upon confidence of the like from his Chriſtian
Majefty. To which the French King's Reply was briefly, That his Excellencie
might affure his Mafter, the King of Great Britain, of as much from himſelf :
concluding with fome expreffions of particular refpects to the Perfon of the En-
glish Embaffador. And it was obfervable, that none of the Princes of the
Blood, who had got the precedencie of feveral Embaffadors of late years, were
there to diſpute it with Ours.
This Month the King was gratiouſly pleas'd to difpence with the attendance
Judge Mallet of Sir Thomas Mallet one of the Judges of the Kings Bench, who had been
by reafon of his Judge in the time of King Charles the Firfts and by confequence being now,
age dispensed
with, and Sir by reaſon of his very great age, difabled, Sir John Keeling was worn in his
John Keeling place. He was a Perfon of eminent Loyalty and Fidelity to the Crown.
Sworn in his
place.
Dr. Bramhal
departs this
Life.
Gayland af
faults Tan-
gier.
The fame month died the Learned and mott Reverend Prelate, Dr. Brambal,
Archbishop of Armagh; to which See he had been by his Majefty tranflated
from that of London-Derry. Of whom it is enough to fay, that he was the be-
loved Darling of thoſe two Renowned Patriots, Archbiſhop Laud, and the Earl
of Strafford.
In July came Intelligence from Tangier, that Gayland had made a very vi-
gorous Affault upon Tangier with about fix thouſand men, the May before. But
the
1663.
523
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
રા
4
the Earl of Teviot, who was there newly arrived, gave him fo warm a welcom,
that he retired with the lofs of above an hundred men, and the Commander of Retreats with
his Horfe, who by his Crimfon-velvet Coat, was thought to be a Perfon of Qua- Loß.
lity; befides that after he was flain, the reft went off immediately.
Not long after he made a fecond Attempt, with 10000 men; but though he makes another
made a very ſharp Affault, his Entertainment was far more warm than the Attack, but is
former: for he loft a thouſand men. After which Defeat,the Earl of Teviot ſent
forc'd to retire
with great
him a Letter, to let him know, that though the King of Great Britain wanted Lofs.
neither refolution nor ability to maintain his Right, yet he was a friend to
Peace: which fo prevailed upon Gayland, that he fent Meffengers for a Treaty, Makes peace.
and foon after came to an Accord.
On the 22th of this month was Chriftened James, Son of his Royal High- Duke of Yorks
nefs, in the Chappel of St. James's, by the Biſhop of London, then Elect Arch- Son Christened.
biſhop of Canterbury. His Majefty and the Lord Chancellor were God-fathers,
and the Queen-Mother was God-mother. The State was born by the Earl of
St. Albans and the Earl of Sandwich, and the Dutchefs of Buckingam held the
Infant.
On the 27th of July, his Majefty going to the Houſe of Peers, where the Parliament
Houfe of Commons went to attend him; after a ſhort Speech, declaring among Prorogn'd.
other things, how he had proceeded by Commands and Directions to all his
Judges, in all Affairs which the Seafon and other Neceffities would not permit to
paſs into Acts,gave his Royal Affent to feveral Bills,and then Prorogued them till
the 16th of Marsh following. The chief Acts were, An Act for four entire Subfidies
to his Majeſty, by the Temporalty. An A&t to confirm four Subfidies granted by the
Clergy. A third, in behalf of Indigent Officers; and for fettling the profits of the
Poft-Office and Wine-Licences upon the Duke of York and his Heirs. And for bet-
ter Collecting the Duty of Excife, &c.
Nor may it be amifs to relate the manner of the Tranflation of the Right
Reverend, Gilbert Archbishop of Canterbury, as being novel to the Reading of
this Age, and a Solemnity not every day common.
Auguft.
The manner of
the Tranflation
of the Arch-
bishop of Can-
Juft before the Bifhops, came into the Chappel the Mace-bearer, the Arch- terbury.
bishops Steward, Treaturer, and Controller, all in their Habits, with white
Staves in their hands.
I
In the next place followed the Biſhops in their Epiſcopal Robes.
After thefe, the Dean of the Arches, the Judge of the Admiralty, and the
Judge of the Archbishops Prerogative-Court, with divers Advocates in Scarlet
Robes.
Lattly, feveral Proctors in the Archbishops Court, in Hoods and Habits.
The Congregation being placed in the Chappel, Divine Service was celebra-
ted by two of the Archbiſhops Chaplains; which being ended, the Biſhops were
brought up from the Seats they had taken, to that part of the Chappel, where
all things were tranfacted relating to the Ceremony; in which having feated
themſelves, the Kings Commiffion under the Great Seal was prefented to the
Bithops, by the Archbiſhops Vicar-General, and was publickly read by the Dean
of the Arches: whereupon the Bithops accepting of the Commiffion, the Vi-
car-General went forth and conducted the Archbiſhop into the Chappel, the
Mace-bearer, Steward,and Controller marching before,and preſented him to the
reft of the Bishops; who being then feated in a Chair before them, the Bishops
Commiffioners proceeded in courfe of Law, and at length to a definitive Sen-
tence; which was publickly read by the firft Bishop in Commiffion, and then
fubſcribed by himſelf and the rest of the Bishops; whereby the Election was
confirmed, and made good in Law.
It being now Vacation-time, His Majefty went his Progrefs Weftward from Kirgs Pre-
London to Bath, and from thence through Gloucestershire to Oxfords being pre- gress:
fented at Reading and Newbury with Purfes of Gold; receiving where-ever he
came,
524
A byef Account of Transactions in
t
Scotch Parlia
1:at.
Bishop of Lon-
don one of the
Kings Council
Judge Jenkins
dres.
Dutch fur-
pore'd by the
Turk.
Pope and
K. of Fiance
differ.
came, very high and fplendid Entertainments; particularly, at Littlecot, from
Sir Popham; at Newbury from Sir Thomas Dolman; from the Lord Seymor at
Marleborough ; from Sir James Thyn at Ling-leet ; at Badmanton from the Mar-
quefs of Worcester; and at Cornbury, from the Lord Chancellor. Coming to
Oxford, he was met half a mile from the City by the Doctors and Scholars in
all their Formalities; and entring the Suburbs, by the Militia of the City,
through which he pafs'd from his first Entry to his Lodgings. During his a-
bode there, he visited the Schools, where a Noble Banquet attended him: He
alfo toucht above 300 Perfons; with which impreflion of duty and reverence
left behind him, he return'd in October to London.
The Parliament of Scotland had this year fate ever fince the 18th of June;
in which time the main thing which they did of general Concernment, was
their Condemnation of Archibald Johnson, alias Laird Warifton, a Member of
the Committee of Safety, who was executed on the 22th of July at the Market-
Crofs of Edenburgh, having receiv'd his Sentence in the Parliament-Houfe. In
the next place was their Conftitution of a National Synod, or Affembly of the
Church, the firft that ever was constituted in that Kingdom under Biſhops;
whereby the ordering and diſpoſal of the external Government of the Church,
and the Nominations of the Members of the Synod, were to be in the King,by
vertue of his Prerogative Royal in Caufes Ecclefiaftical: As to the Members
conftituting the ſame, they were to be Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, and Arch-
Deacons, the Moderators of Meetings for Exercifes, with one Minifter of each
Meeting, to be chofen by the Moderator and plurality of Minifters for the fame,
The Synod to meet at fuch time and places as his Majefty ſhould appoint by Pro-
clamation; and to debate of ſuch matters, relating to the Government and
Doctrine of the Church, as his Majefty fhould deliver to the Prefident. And
laftly, no Aſſembly to be held without the prefence of his Majefty, or his Com-
miffioner. Their fécond Act was for an Army of 20000 Foot, and 2000 Horſe,
with forty days provifion, to be in readineſs, as they thould be call'd to march
to any part of his Majefties Dominions, for fuppreffing any forein Invaſion, or
for any other Service of his Majefty.
Upon the 9th of December, the Right Reverend Humphrey, Lord Biſhop of
London, was worn one of his Majefties moft Honorable Privy Council, having
for his great Worth, Learning, and Integrity, been a little before tranflated from
New Sarum, to the more dignifi'd See of London.
Soon after came news of the death of that Eminent, Loyal, and Renowned
Patriot, Judge Jenkins, who died at his houfe at Cowbridge, in the 81 year of
his age, in perfect Sence and Memory. He di'd, as he liv'd, preaching with
his latt breath to his Relations, Loyalty to the King, and obedience to the Laws
of England, leaving behind him an unfpotted Fame, and the Memory of a
Prefident, which this Age only could have needed, and the next will hardly
out-do.
A great ftorm threatned the Dutch Merchants trading in the Grand Seigniors
Dominions, by the miscarriage of their Ships; which loading the Grand Seig-
niers Goods,and Merchandize of Turks, to the value of 170000 Dollars, was
furpriz'd by a Maltbefe. But the Turks would not believe, but that the Com-
mander of the Dutch Veffel was privy to fome Treacherysand therefore the Grand
Seignior refolving not to loſe what was in his power to recover, fent for the Hol-
land Refident, perfwading him that he engaged for the fidelity of the Mafter,
to make him and the Dutch Nation reſponſible for his lofs; in order whereunto,
directions were given to fecure the Dutch Merchants in Smyrna, and the Refi-
dent commanded to abide in Adrianople: fo that there was no way to redeem
him from enfuing mischief, but a quick promife of fatisfaction.
In Italy, the Pope and King of France were like to have been engag'd in a
very great Quarrel. For the Pope being incens'd against the King of France,
for encroaching upon the Church, occafion'd by the Popes delay of giving him
fatisfaction for the injury done to the Duke of Crequi by the Corfi, began a ſe-
rious debate in the Conclave how to proceed against him, whether by Excom-
munication,
}
1664.
525
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
munication, or otherwife; though carried in the end for moderation. How-
ever, the King of France poffeffis himself of Avignon. The Pope kept a great
buftle at first, and made a fair fhew as if he would have oppos'd the French
King but the King of France having already ſent ſome Troops into Italy,and
ready to advance with a greater Body at lengh Articles of Agreement were They come to an
ſign'd at Piſa, between Bourlemont, and Cardinal Raſponi.
Agreement.
First, That the Cardinal Imperial ſhould be confin'd to Genoa, during the Kings
pleasure.
That Dom Mario, the Popes Brother, ſhould be banish'd to Siena for three years,
not to return to Rome, upon any pretence whatsoever.
That Cardinal Chigi, the Popes Nephew, should be fent into France; where at
bis first Audience, he should defire the French Kings Pardon, for himself and his
whole Family: and in his ſecond Audience, in the Name of the Pope, Suppli-
cate the Chriſtian Kings excufe, for the affront given to the Duke of Crequi.
That the faid Duke, in his return to Rome by Land, should be met at the Frontiers
of the State Ecclefiaftick, by Dom Augufto,another of the Popes Nephews: if by
Sea, at a proportionate distance, by the Gallies of the Church. And the Dutchefs
of Crequi to be receiv'd at a Leagues distance from Rome, by the Wife of Dom
Mario.
That the Duke of Crequi being return'd to Rome, fhall be there treated with all
hon our due and cuftomary to the Ministers of France.
That the Duke of Cefarini be reftor'd to his Goods and Honors, and indemni-
fi'd for the future; and all others who had fuffer'd in the King of France's Quar-
rel.
The Dutchy of Caftro reſtor❜d to the Duke of Parma, paying 1200000 Livres,
at fuch and fuch payments.
The Valley of Comachio to the Duke of Modena, paying 500000 Livres, in
confideration of the charge of Garriſons.
That there be a Pillar rais'd in the Palace of the Corfi,with an Infcription bear-
ing the ſubſtance of their Condemnation.
Out of which Articles, the ground of the Quarrel is eafie to be gather'd;
and how satily a Catholick Prince, though one of the Eldeſt Sons of the Church,
can difpence with his obedience to the Pope, when he has a power and ſpirit to
refift him and that it is not the Law of Nature, that the Pope fhould trample
upon the Necks of Princes. Rafponi, with great reluctancie, linger'd out to the
laft moment; but the Pope found himſelf oblig'd to yield to the King upon his
own Conditions.
While the Chriftian Princes are thus at difference, the Turk enlarges his Do- The Turks Be
minions; laying Siege to New-haufet, one of the moſt confiderable Paffes and fige New-
Forts which the Chriftians had in thofe parts. The Baffa coming before the
Town, fent in a Summons to Count Forgats, the Governor, in theſe words:
I, through the Grace of God, and through the Miracles of our Prophet, who is
a Son of both Worlds, and by whom there is happiness and glory: I, that am
the first in Council, and General of the moſt Mighty Emperor of the Turks, that is
the King of all the Kings of the Earth: To you, Adam Forgats, that are the Chief
of the Nobility of Hungary, Do make known, that through the Command of my
gratious Lord, I am come with his Forces before New-haufel, to reduce it to his obe-
dience. Wherefore if ye shall deliver up the place to us, you shall have liberty to march
out with what belongs to you, from the highest to the lowest, and to what place you
pleaſe. And he that will rather ſtay, shall keep his goods and eſtate: But if you
will not yield, we will take it by force; and every man of ye, from the highest to
the lowest of you, shall be put to the Sword. If the Hungarians did but know the
Intentions of the Mighty Emperor they and their Children would bless God for them.
Peace be to the Obedient:
Yyy
But
haufel.
4
526
1664.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1
New-haufel
furrender'd.
Count Serini
beats the
River Mur.
But for all this menacing Summons, the Town held out many a brisk Af-
fault of the Befiegers, who loft near 20000 of their men before it : fo that it
was verily reported, that the Enemy would have quitted the Siege, had it held
out a week longer. But Count Forgats delivered it up at length, contrary to
the will of the Germans, upon Conditions to march out Bag and Baggage to
the next Garrison, leaving behind him 60 brafs Guns, Powder and Ball in pro-
portion, 3000 fats of Wine, and plenty of Provifions.
Count Serini watched all advantages, yet durft not attempt to relieve it, by
reaſon of the finalneſs of his force; and yet in, fome meaſure, he quit fcores
Turks at the with them fhortly after. For hearing of a great Body of the Enemy, who
were intending to lay a Ship-bridge over the River Mur, he march'd thither; and
as foon as he understood that two thoufand were got over the water, he fet up-
on them at fuch a difadvantage, that he put them to the rout: their fellows
that were coming over, fell into fuch a confternation, that they could neither
get back, nor (wim, nor defend themfelves, fo that the River was quite cover-
ed with men and Horfes. The Count made ufe of the opportunity, not taking
fo much as one Prifoner,fo that between killing and drowning,very few efcap'd,
though above 100oo in all: above a thouſand of their Hories were taken com-
ing out of the water. A confiderable prevention of their entring Stiermark,
and coming up as far as Grats, without any poffibility of oppotition.
The Portugals
take Ginaldo
in Galicia,
and totolly
rout the Spa-
niards.
}
The Protestants
of Piedmont
defeat the For-
Ces of the Duke
of Savoy.
The like fuccefs had the Portugals againſt the Spaniards, taking the Town of
Ginaldo in Gallicia, wherein was the Magazine of Spain. Afterwards giving
Battle to Don John of Auftria, who commanded 7000 Horfe, 12000 Foot, and
18 pieces of Ordnance, they routed him in the open field, and took all his
Bag and Baggage, being affifted by the English. They flew 1000,took 4000
Prifoners, and moft of the eminent Commanders.
But a worſe fate had attended the Proteftants of Piedmont,had not they flout-
ly defended themſelves. For while their Delegates were pleading for them at
Turin, under the Protection and Safe-conduct of the Duke of Savoy,their Sove-
reign Prince,protefting their Loyalty and Submiffion to him; his Forces, to the
number of between 16 or 18000 Horfe and Foot,entred the Valleys at Preratine,
St.Bartholomew,Rocheplate, and other places;endeavouring to poffefs themſelves
of Angrogne, and St. Martins, two of the ftrongeft. Holds in all the Valley of
Piedmont. In their way, they fet all on fire,cut and tore the Vines,and deſtroy'd
all. The Inhabitants feeing themfelves affaulted, contrary to Faith given,, and
ſeeing they were undone, made head: the Fight was hot for the time, but
though the Savoyards were thirty for one, they were at length forc'd to retreat
with the lofs of above a thousand men kill'd and wounded, and many Officers.
All which was faid to be done by the Jefuits Council de Propaganda Fide..
!
1
Anno Dom. 1664.
Traytors exl-
cuted.
I
E fhall begin this Year with the Trial of feveral perfons for their Lives,
WE
being of the fame Party with thofe laft Year executed at York. The
greateſt part of their hopes of destroying his Majefty, was built upon the confi-
dence of a power they had, as well to divide and diftract his Friends, as unite
his Enemies, which they endeavour'd to do, by divers falfe and fcandalous Ru-
mors, which upon all occafions they ſcatter'd among the people, as being one
half of their bufinefs. The Tragedy was to have begun in the Counties of
Westmerland, Durham, and Yorkshire, by feizing upon Carlisle, all the eminent
Perfons and Juftices of the Peace of the faid Counties, and what Publick Trea-
fure they could find. A fmall Party met at Kirkby-Steven, but failing of their
number, foon difpers'd themfelves again. Several were executed, particularly
at Appleby, Robert Waller, Stephen Weatherhead, and Henry Petty.
+
41
But
1664.
525
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
But fuch was the inveterate malice of theſe kind of people, fuch was the in-
fluence of Ejected Minifters among them, that notwithstanding fo many per-
fons had ſuffer'd the year before, yet at Newbury, the Mayor and Company of
the Town being met upon Eaſter-Tueſday to chuſe Church-wardens for the year Diſordersat
enfuing, they were affaulted by a rude and confus'd multitude, of all forts of Newbury.
Phanaticks, fome crying one thing, and fome another; and though fundry
times excluded by the Conftables that were call'd to keep the peace, yet they ſtill
broke in with fresh clamours, crying out, that it did not belong to the Mayor
and Company, but the whole Pariſh to make the choice. In fine, they came to
this at laſt, that they did not matter who was chofen, fo one Pocock, render'd
odious to the Rabble for his Loyalty to the King, were not one. But Sir Tho-
mas Doleman coming immediately to Town, upon notice of the diforder, with sir Thomas
a Guard of Soldiers, feiz'd the chief fticklers, who were afterwards proceeded Doleman ſei-
againſt according to their demerits. And underſtanding that certain Grand feth upon the
Phanaticks, being charg'd with Arms, refus'd to fend in their men, he with the chief ficklersų
•reft of the Deputy-Lieutenants caus'd them to be fin'd, and levied their fines by
diftrefs of their goods. In the mean time, notice being taken of feveral dange-
rous applications made to fome Prifoners in the Tower, Mildmay, Wallop,Fleet-
wood, and Garland were fent away to Tangier, and certain other Prifoners dif-
pos'd of into other places of fecurity.
This Month alſo brought Intelligence of the proceedings of the Earl of Te-
viot, then Governor of Tangier, who finding Gayland unwilling to comply
with him in his propounded Articles of Peace, refolv'd to make ufe of Force;
and having worſted the Moor in an Attack which he made upon the English, with
great courage and vigor, for fome time afterwards undifturb'd, began and fi-
nish'd a great part of the outermoft Fortifications: and to make room for the
English, and Strangers of better account, turned all the Jews out of the City.
Nor was it less welcom news, for his Majetty to hear, that his Embaſſador Sir Sir Richard
Rich. Fanshaw was magnificently receiv'd and entertained by the King of Spain, Fanfhaw Em
in teftimony of the high value which that King put upon his Majefties Alliance, balador in
and the reverence he had for that Correſpondence, which fo great an Embaffa- Spain.
dor was ſent to continue and preſerve between both Kingdoms.
Jews expell'd
Tangier.
Refolves of the
Houſes there-
in.
But as if the heat of the Spring had warm'd the English bloods, His Majefty Engliſh Com-
and his Parliament, at this time fitting, began to take into their deep Confide- plaints against
ration, the great Complaints that had been made against the Dutch, whofe in- the Dutch.
juries and affronts had not a little enrag'd the Nation. Whereupon, a Report
being made by Mr. Clifford of their Encroachments upon Trade, from a Com-
mittee appointed to examine that affair, Thereupon the Houfe made two Re-
folves, the Subſtance of which were, That the wrongs, diſhonours, and indigni-
ties, the damages, affronts, and injuries done by the Subjects of the United Provin- .
ces to our Merchants, were the greatest Obstructions to Forein Trade: That His Ma-
jeſty ſhould be mov'd to take speedy and effectual courfe for the redress thereof, and
that they would affift him with their lives and fortunes, againſt all oppoſition what-
foever. The Lords concurr'd; and thereupon both Houſes attended his Maje-
fty, who declar'd his Royal Senfe, and high Efteem of their care and tender-
nefs for the Honor and Good of the Nation. Letting them farther know, That The King di
be would examine and prove the particular Complaints that he would demand fa-
clares himself
tisfaction by a Publick Miniſter, and do his utmoſt endeavour to ſecure bis Subjects
from the like Violences for the future; depending upon the Promise of both Houses
to ftand by him. Upon which Declaration, both Houſes return'd their humble
and hearty Thanks.
April 6th. Soon after this, the King came to the Houſe, pafs'd two parti-
cular Acts, the one for holding Parliaments once in three years at leaft ; and re-
pealing a former Act, call'd, An Ad for preventing the inconveniencies by long
intermiffions of Parliament. At the figning thereof, his Majefty gave them
thanks for their ready concurring in a thing fo advantageous to the Nation and
for recalling the other fo prejudicial, and fo much to the difcredit of Parlia-
ments,
X X X 2
-
de-
526
1664.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
Sir John
Lawfon with
a Fleet for the
Streights.
Buchanans
Book burned
in Scotland.
A Proclama
tion again't
Contributions,
&c.
A monftrous
Tartar.
Barbado's
wonder.
Sir John
Lawſon pro-
claims war a
gainst Argier.
a-
dum deliver'd
the States.
ments, as if the Crown were jealous of Parliaments, or that Parliaments were
jealous of the Crown.
While theſe things were tranfacting, Sir John Lawfon, Admiral of the En-
glith Fleet, fent into the Mediterranean Sea to reprefs the Infotencies of the Pi-
rates of Argier, fent home feventeen Ships, and between two and three hun-
dred men, and great ftore of Goods, which thofe Corfairs had taken prize; to
the Honor of the Publick, and private fatisfaction of many.
Nor can we omit the punishment of a Criminal Book,long after the Author's
deceafe. For with the fame juftice may Books, as well as men, be executed for
Treafon. And therefore long after his death, about the beginning of May,
was Mr. George Buchanans Book, De Jure Regni apud Scotos, call'd in and fup-
prefs'd, by an Act of the Parliament of that Kingdom; having been condemned
before by another Act of Parliament, in the year 1584.
Nor was it lefs to the advantage of his Majefties Service, that at the ſame
time they iffued out another Proclamation, To probibit all perfons, to feek, de-•
mand, receive, or deliver any Contributions, or Supplies, but what were publickly
allow'd and practiz'd, without allowance of the Lords of the Privy Council. For
without Libels and Collections, the grand fupport of Conventicles, it is mo-
rally impoffible to unfettle any Government.
Among ſuch ſerious things as thefe, Hiftorians have allow'd themſelves to
entertain their Readers with miraculous Accidents. Which puts us in mind of
the portentous Tartar, which Count Serini was reported to have taken about
this time. From the fhoulder upward, he had the ſhape of a Giant-like man,
his Neck long, and like that of a Horfe, with a Mane; the lower part of his
face like a man, with a great wild Beards the upper part like a Horſe, with
large Ears. He was arm'd with a great Bowe, and a Quiver by his fide, with
a long Dart. If this Relation may not gain fufficient credit, yet the Monſter
may ſerve to fight many Ages hence with Regulus's his Serpent.
Another ſtrange Accident was related from the Barbado's, then publiſhed
not without great Authority; which was, that about 900 miles Eaſtward of the
Barbadoes, a Veffel being in her full courfe, a certain great Fiſh ftruck the Ship
on the Star-board fide,and paffing under it, touch'd the Rudder, and threw the
Steers-man from the Helm; and when fhe came on the other fide, heav'd a great
Sea into the Ship. At her firft ftroke, fhe ran her Horn through the fheathing,a
three-Inch Plank and threw the Timber into the Cieling, where it broke fhort off,
fo that a piece of 12 Inches long,and 100 and a half weight, was left in the hole.
Had not the Horn been broke in the hole, the Veffel had been loft; for not with-
standing that ſtoppage, the water came in ſo faſt, that it kept a Pump imploy'd.
The Horn was like an Elephants Tooth, but more ponderous.
But paffing over thefe Relations of lighter moment, the next Intelligence
which we meet withal, is of Sir John Lawfon, who having offer'd all fair Ac-
commodation to the Pyrates of Argier, yet finding them difdain his proffer'd
Peace, he declares open War againſt them; and immediately after took one of
their Corfairs of thirty four Guns, and 260 men, which he fent into Majorca.
Part of the Prisoners, being Turks and Moors, he fold to the Duke of Beaufort,
Admiral to the King of France, then in thofe Seas.
But now his Majefty mindful of the great work he had in hand, had given
his particular Inftructions to his Embaffador in the Netherlands; who thereup-
A Memoran- on about the middle of May gave in his Memorandum to the States of the dama-
ges which the English complain'd to have fuffer'd by the Subjects of thofe
Provinces. But the unprepar'd Belgian, not finding it convenient to give ſuch
Speedy Anfwers
refolv'd to fend their own Embaffadors to the King him-
felfs which, as it was a way of anſwering more magnificent, fo it was the oc-
cation of greater delay.
9
Upon the 17th of May, the Commons being met in the Houfe of Lords, His
Majefty in a gracious Speech, gave both Lords and Commons to underſtand
his Royal Approbation of their Cares and Labors for the good of the Publick;
to-
1664.
527
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
together with a Princely acknowledgment of their compliance with his plea-
fure in the diſpatch of the buſineſs of the laft Seffions. Afterwards his Ma-
jetty cauſed them to be Prorogued till the 20th of Auguft enfuing. Withal de- Parliamen
Prorogue !.
claring, that unleſs fomething extraordinary ſhould fall out, it was his Royal
purpoſe not to call them together till November following, whereof they
fhould have feaſonable notice by Proclamation.
Upon which, Sir Edward Turnor, then Speaker, repreſented to his Majefty the
humble Thanks of the House for his Gratious acceptance of their endeavours
in the Service of his Majefty and the Publick. After which,he particularly infift-
ed upon the unfettled condition of the Country, by reafon of Phanaticks, Secta-
ries, and Non-conformists; and next to that,upon the Injuries complain'd of by
our Merchants, concerning the frauds and practiles of our Neighbours the
Dutch, in the East and West-Indies, in Turkey, and Africa; which, befides the In-
dignities offer❜d to his Royal Majefty and the Crown of England, were com-
puted to amount to no less than the value of feven or eight hundred thousand
Pounds. Lastly, he preſented the Heads of ſeveral Bills ready for his Royal affent.
Accordingly, his Majefty fign'd feveral private, and fome few publick Acts;
among the reft, An Aŭ to prevent and ſuppreß Seditious Conventicles; which
though it occafion'd great trouble to the Magiftrates of the feveral Counties,
yet it made apparent their faithful care, and Loyalty to his Majefties Service;
fo that indeed it was the whole employment of this Year, to apprehend and
try the daily offenders against this Statute.
His Majesty in the mean time finding it agreeable to his Royal wifdom forth-
with to equip two confiderable Fleets, both to fecure his Subjects in their free-
dom of Trade, and maintain the Honor and Intereft of the English Nation,
employ'd ſome of the Lords of his moſt Honorable Privy Council to the City of The King fends
to the City for
London, for the Loan of an hundred thousand pounds upon fo extraordinary
an occafion, referring them to the Lord Treafurer for terms of repayment.
This was received with ſo dutiful a compliance by the Common Council of the
City, that the faid Supply was prefently Voted; acquitting themfelves at once
both in point of Loyalty and prudence. Their prefent duty and Service to
the King, manifeftly redounding to the welfare and ſafety of themſelves.
Mony.
Granted.
While his Majefty is thus bufied in his preparations at home, we may look
abroad; where we are forc'd to behold the fall of the Noble Earl of Teviot,who Earl of Tevi-
ot kill'd.
upon the third of May paffing the Jews River, fell into an ambush planted
there by Gayland, fhelter'd by a thick wood, and feconded by his whole Army.
The Party which the Earl commanded was totally loft,excepting a very few:his
Memory however is there held in great Honor, as if the Memory of his Cou-
rage were the Soul of the Garrifon.
ed.
And feeing we are got fo far abroad, it may not be unfeafonable to remem- Turks defeat-
ber the famous Battle fought between the Turks and Chriſtians,under the conduct
of Montecuculi, it being one of the most famous Occurrences of this year, moft
fatal to the Infidels,who that day left dead upon the field the flower of their In-
fantry, to the number of 6 or 7000; among which, two Baffa's, all their Can-
non, above forty Colours, with Plander ineftimable. To which Honorable
Victory, the wounds of the French did not a little conduce.
Nor are we fo flenderly to pafs by another Atchievement of Geneal Souches, Turks a fe
the general good of Chriftendom being equally concern'd in both; who with cond time de
an unequal number of only fix thoufand, encountring above 15000 of the feated.
Enemy near the Garrison of Lewentz, with the lofs only of 250, flew eight
thouſand thereby gaining an abfolute Victory, vaft Booty, and Provifions of
all forts.
All this while though there was open War with Argier,and that Lawfon kept fo
vigilant an eye over them; yet by reafon that either through Cowardize,or want
of ſufficient force,they were conſtrain'd to keep cloſe in their Harbors,that ſedu-
lous Admiral could do little good upon them, otherwife than by blocking up
their Harbors, to keep them from Roving,& doing mischief: His Majefty therefore
having
528
1664.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
W
home.
having more occafion for fo great and eminent a Commander at home, ſent
Lawfon called for both him and C. Berkley into England, to employ them against a more 'No-
ble Enemy; in purſuance of which Order, Sir John Lawfon returns for En-
Capt. Allen in gland, leaving Captain Allen to Command in Chief in his Room, who in a
fhort time after brought them to that diftrefs, that they were glad to accept of
Peace, upon terms advantageous enough for the King of England. The Divan
difowning the Breach, and laying the fault upon fome few, that for their own
benefit, would not be rul'd by their Superiors.
his room.
Embassadors
fent abroad.
As thus his Majefties Arms, fo were his Counſels, active abroad. The Earl
of Carlisle is fent Embaſſador to Muscovy and Sweden, whither alfo Sir Gilbert
Talb t was likewife employ'd as a particular Envoy; as likewife Mr. Coventry
to Denmark. All upon fuch important Inftructions, as the emergency of At
fairs at that time requir'd; but in general, to keep a ftrict union and Corre-
Sir G. Down- fpondence with thofe Nations, Neighbours of his Enemies.
ing fent into
Holland.
Sir George Downing was prefently after his return into England, fent back a-
gain with tall Inftructions what he had to do. Many Conferences he had a-
bout the Lifts of Damages; but the Dutch would return no pofitive Anſwer to
any thing, nor come to any Agreement, hoping to prove the event of certain
great expectations which they had not the leaft of which, was the return of
a vaft Treaſure in feveral great Fleets of Merchant-men. His Majefty well
knowing how ſtrong a Nerve of War Mony is, reſolv'd to way-lay thoſe vaft
Maffes of Wealth,as they paſs'd his own Channel; mov'd alſo by certain Intelli-
gence which he had, that the Dutch were refolv'd in contempt of his power,
to fend their Guinee preparations by Sea, and that Opdam fhould convey them
through the Channel. To which end and purpoſe, that he might be before-
hand with the preparations of the Dutch, the King ſtrives with all his Puif-
Naval prepa- fance to make ready his Navy. Whofe Royal endeavours, and indefatigable
pains in his own particular Perfon,were anſwerd by the Succeſs.For fuch was the
alacrity of his Subjects, that ſaw him continually travelling from place to plaće,
by the preſence of his own Majefty to encourage & forward the work,and to ſee
all things effectually and ſpeedily done, that the City freely,at the firſt demand,,
A fecond Loan made by the Earl of Manchester, Lord Chamberlain of the Kings Houthold,
by the City.
fuppli'd him with another Loan of another hundred thouſand Pounds: which fo
highly promoted his Royal Defigne, that while the Dutch, flattering themſelves
with vain fuppofitions of his want of Men and Mony, and broken with the Ca-
lamity of the Peftilence, were only forc❜d to look on, and with envy behold his
vigorous preparations, the King had furnish'd out fuch a magnificent Navy to
the Sea, as the Ocean had hardly feen in any former Ages.
rations.
do.
On the other fide, the Dutch having confider'd the dangers of the Northern
Paffage, feemingly lay afide all thoughts of going about by Scotland, and refolve
to force their paffage through the Channel. The Commiffioners therefore of
the ſeveral Admiralties having revictual'd Opdams Fleet, from the middle of
Dutch Brava- October to the middle of December, gave him order to haften out to Sea with
the firſt wind, and to Conduct the Guinee Succors through the Channel, having
taken care for fome other Ships from the Vlie and Texel to joyn with him; and
in the mean time they fent a Galliot before to their Director-General in Guinee to
give him notice of their Proceedings. Which refolution taken, and carried on
with ſo much vigour, moft men believ'd to have been extorted from them by the
neceffity of their prefent condition; for they had fcatter'd many Contempts
upon the English Nation, and yet falter'd in the point of execution: Nor was
the Iffue of this Bravado it ſelf other, than what their fear prefented; for a“
Prince Rupert bout the middle of October, Prince Rupert arriv'd at the Spir-head with fixteen
Sail of Men of War.
at Sia.
The first thing he diſcover'd, was a ſmall Man of War of 14 Guns, which
the Prince fufpecting to be employ'd for Diſcovery and Advice, fent his Smack
out to Sea, with Orders to forbid him to beat there any longer, unleſs he were
upon Trade: upon which Meffage he vaniſh'd.
At
1664.
529
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
At the beginning of November, the Duke of York Lord high Admiral of En- The D. of York
gland departed towards his Charge at Portsmouth, having receiv'd a moft set forth to See.
gracious farewel from his Majefty in a fhort while after, he went aboard, and
joyn'd with the Prince, and Earl of Sandwich; fo that it was no cafie thing to
unlock the Narrow Seas.
Opdam lay with his Fleet in the Goree, and great debates there were whe- Opdam dares
ther he ſhould out or no; but the Wind continuing croſs, put an end to that not adventure
Dispute.
And a fair excufe they had, for not adventuring upon fo great dif- out.
advantages as they were like to have found; for, as we faid before, the Duke
was now joyrd with the Prince and the Earl of Sandwich: Thereupon,
about the beginning of December, perceiving great likelihood of Frofts and The Dutch lay
high Winds, they thought good to lay up till Spring; which was according-up their Fleet.
ly put in Execution, to the great diffatisfaction of the Merchants, who now
found themfelves abandon'd and left to all the hazards of a Winter Voy-
age.
Opdam return'd to the Hague, and the Seamen were paid off. And laſt
of all, for the better Information of the King of France how Affairs ſtood
Monfieur Benninghen was diſpatch'd away Poft for Paris.
"
Dutch Burde.
To recompence the Stay of the Royal Navy to attend the Motion of the
Netherlanders, the Dutch Bourdeaux-Fleet, laden with Wine, Brandy, and other ax-Fleet ta
Commodities, fell all, or the greatest part, into our hands; which together kiz.
with many other Prizes at other times this Year taken, made up the number
of above a Hundred thirty five, with great Caution condemn'd in the Admiralty
of London. Nine Dutch Ships were brought into Dover at one time, laden with
Canary, Salt, Oyl, Brandy, Spice, and other good Merchandizes.
Certain it was, that the Hollander received a very great Foyl in the Opini-
on of the People, by that Action of withdrawing his Fleet; the Vulgar being
fupported till then, with an expectation of fome mighty Actions, to Anſwer
their Prodigious Boafting.
This was all the Action of the English and Dutch Fleets at home. For his
Highneſs the Duke of York, finding that the Netherlanders had laid up their returns to Lon-
Duke of York
Ships, and that there was now no need of keeping fo great a Navy abroad; don.
with all his Train upon the feventh of December arrived at White-Hall, lea-
ving a confiderable number of ftout Veffels, under the Conduct of the Earl
of Sandwich, having before his departure, by a Speech which he made them,
inspired the Seamen with an admirable reſolution and chearfulneſs to obey the Earl of Sand-
Commands of their Admiral in whatever Enterprife he fhould have further wich keeps the
Order to Profecute.
Sta.
This year were Launch'd the Royal Catherine, and the Royal Oak And Royal Kathe-
that noble Ship the London being by an Accident blown up, the City made rine, and Roy-
their humble Addreffes to His Majefty, that they might have leave to make a al Oak Laun
Contribution among themselves for the building another Ship of equal Good- cbed.
nefs. The King graciously accepted their kind offer; and to fhew his greater
Acceptance, enjoyned them to add the Title of Loyal to the Name of London.
As yet there was no publique Declaration of War on either fide; Only the
King feemed to Treat with his Arms in his hands. And therefore Sir George
Downing still preft in the heat of all this Preparation and Action, accord-
هم
ing to his Inftructions, for Satisfaction of Damages. The King had alſo made an The States dif-
Embargo upon the Dutch here in England; which was carried fo privately,that appointed by the
Sir George Downing had Intelligence of it a full Week, before the States knew English.
any thing thereof. By which means he gave timely Notice to fifteen or fix-
teen Sail of the English to Ship away; infomuch that there remain'd nothing
for the other to Seize, but two inconfiderable Veffels, and a Colcheter Oyſter-
boat.
About the Lift of Damages there were ſeveral Conferences with Sr. George
Downing, which prov'd all to little or no Effect: But that which pinch'd them
moft, was the Regulation propounded by Sir George for the Government of
Trade
f
:
530
Dutch Standa-
Lous Libel.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
16640
Trade for the future; being very fenfible, that the English did make themſelves
much more Popular among the Natives where they fettled, than the Netherlanders
had the fortune to do.
At length, in Juftification of their Proceedings, they put forth a Scandalous.
Libel, intituled, An Extract out of the Memorials of the States General of the
United Provinces, upon the Memorial of Sir George Downing Envoyè, &c.
wherein, they caft mary Invective Alperfions upon His Majefty, and put
Sir George to the neceffity of a Printed Vindication.
Dutch Defigues The reafon of this delay, was to feel the pulfes of their Neighbours, and
to try what Afliftance they could get from them: efpecially France, whither
they had pofted away Monfieur Benninghen, as was faid before; but his Ne-
gotiation did no way anfwer their expectations: Befides that the Minitter
of the Crown of Sweden charg'd them in a large Memorial with a direct
The Condition of breach of Articles; neither would Denmark Meddle with their Caufe: The
the Dutch with Bishop of Munfter threatned 'um for the Eyler Fort: The Emperour follicited
other Kingdoms. om to do Reaton to Malta: And Spain Vifibly rejoyc'd for their misfor-
De Ruyter
tune before Calice.. Which, at the latter end of Sixty four, after all their
Embaffles and Negotiations, was their Condition with Forraign Princes.
They were angry with His Majefty of England, for making a Peace with
Argier without their Affent; whenas they had given order to De Ruyter, who
Commanded the Squadron which was fent to the Affiftance of the English,10
leave that Enterprize, having defigned him to deftroy the English Factories
in Guiny: to which purpoſe, De Ruyter fet Sayl from Gibralter about the
Sayls for Gui- latter end of September with Thirteen Ships, and Arriving in Griny, made
feizure of all that he found within his reach at Cape Verd, and the Island of
Gagee; where the Governour with his men finding himſelf deferted, made
Conditions to be Tranfported to Gambia.
ny.
Smyrna Fleet
Cap. Allen.
M
But this was in part retaliated, by the News which came from Captain'
Encounty'd by Allen, who with the Ships under his Command diſcovering about thirty Dutch-
men, which prov'd to be the Smyrna-Fleet, with their Convey, made up to
them, and upon their refufing to ftrike Sayl, gave them a Salute; which
they anfwered. After fome Difpute, the Dutch made for the Bay of Cadiz,
having loft four of their Richest Merchant-men, and one taken, and divers
of the reft very much fhatter'd; one of the Captains of their Men of War
was killed. This Action was the more confiderable, in regard that the Sea
was fo high, that Captain Allen could not bear out his lower Tire.
Sir Tho. Mo
deford Ar-
About the ſeventh of June, Sir Thomas Modeford arriv'd at Jamaica with
four hundred Paffengers; whither he was followed foon after with Three hun-
vius at Jama- dred more, where they found themselves very well pleafed with the Country,
104.
and very much encourag'd to fettle themfelves; the Governour endeavouring.
with all diligence to fettle a fair Correfpondence with his Neighbours both
in Sancto Domingo and Cartagena to which purpofe, he call'd in all Private
Men of War belonging to the Ifland.
On the 24th of November the Parliament met again, at which time the
King in Speech fignified to them, how unkindly he had been treated by
his Neighbours; yet that he had upon the Stock of his own Credit fet forth
a Navy that would not decline meeting with all the Naval Power of the
Enemy: that he had borrowed very liberally out of his own Stores, and of
the City of London; fo that to diſcharge the one,and repleniſh the other, would
require little less than Eight hundred thousand pounds: That he expected
from them all neceffary Expedition in their Refolutions; and that their Sup-
ply might be Real and Subftantial
This was Anfwered by Sir Edward Turnor, then Speaker, with all Expreffi-
ons of Loyalty and Affection to the King; fetting forth the deep fence which
the Parliament had of the Injuries of the Dutch, of His Majefties Expences,
and the neceffity of his Warlike Preparations: Affuring Him of their Con-
fancie and readiness to yield him all obedience, both with their Bodies and
Purfes.
To
1664.
532
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
**
To make their words good, they firft paft a Vote for a Supply of Four and
twenty hundred feventy feven thoufand and five hundred pounds; a great
heart-breaking at that time, and that which fhew'd the King would want
no hands while he had fuch large Sums to carry on the War. In a fhort
time,the Propofitions of the feveral Counties, and the Names of the Comm:llio-
ners, were agreed upon by both Houfes of Parliament.
al Ayd.
Upon the Eleventh of February following, the King Sign'd the Act, be-
ing Entituled, An Ad for granting a Royal Ayd of Twenty four hundred three- Act for the Roj
Serre and Seventeen thousand and five hundred pounds. For which, his Majefty
return'd his Royal thanks.
In the beginning of March following, his Majefty having paffed feveral other Parliament
Acts prefented him by both Houfes, and receiv'd their good wishes for the Prorogu❜d.
profperity of his undertakings, delivered in a Speech by the Speaker, Pro-
rogued them till the Twenty firft of June 1665.
*
A little before the Parliament met, His Majefty fet forth a Declaration for Seamen Encou-
Encouragement of Marriners and Seamen employ'd in the Service: Allow rag'd.
ing all Officers and Seamen after the rate of Ten fhillings per Tun, for every
lawful Prize; and to take to themfelves as free Pillage, whatever they fhould
take on or above the Gun-Deck; with his Royal Promife to provide for the
Sick and Wounded, Widows, Children, and Impotent Parents of fuch as
fhould be Kill'd, with feveral other advantages mention'd in the faid De-
claration His Majefties Wifdom and Goodness in that, and in all other
things,plentifully providing for all Events both of War and Peace.
In December following, His Majetiy fetting forth the Confideration which
Reprisals gras-
he had taken of the Injuries, Affronts, and Spoyls done by the Subjects of ted againſt the
the United Provinces, to the Ships, Goods, and Perfons of His Majelties Sub- Dutch.
jects, notwithſtanding many and frequent demands for Redrefs; by the Ad-
Vice of His Privy Councel ordered, That general Reprisals fhould be granted
against the Ships, and Goods, and Subjects of the United Provinces.
As this did not a little vex. the Dutch, fo with greater reafon the action of
De Ruyter in Guiny did Incenfe the King of England, and therefore in the
beginning of February he put forth a Declaration, That the Subjects of His Feb.1667.
Majesty had fustained Several Injuries and Damages from the Subjects of the Declaration of
United Provinces: That he had made Complaint thereof, and frequently de- war againſt the
manded Satisfaction: That instead of Reparation, they had not only ordered Dutch.
De Ruyter to defert the Confortſhip againſt the Pyrats of the Mediterranean Sea,
but also to do all acts of Violence and Hostility againſt His Majefties People in
Africa: And that therefore His Majefty did with the Advice of his Privy Coun-
cel, Declare the Dutch the Aggreffors Impowring His Majefties Fleet to Fight
and Destroy the Ships of the Netherlanders.
1
This Declaration being a folemn Denuntiation of War, was proclam'd in
the beginning of March, at White-ball, Temple-bar, and the Royal-Exchange,:
with the ufual Solemnities.
This Declaration charging them to be the Aggreffors, fuck heavily in their
Stomachs, and they took it into their ſerious confideration.
But instead of anfwering to fo high a Charge, they contented themfelves with Another Datch
a fecond Libel, which they had publifh'd fomewhile before; which they call'd Libel.
[A Summary Obſervation and Deduction, delivered by the Deputies of the States
General, upon the Memorial of Sir George Downing, Envoy Extraordinary of the
King of Great Britain.] As lewd a piece, for foulnels of Language,and weakneſs
of Defence, as ever came into the light, under pretence of Authority.
}
In the mean while, their Embaflies to Swedeland and Denmark went flowly Dutch Embaf-
on; and inftead of being befriended by France, the Embaffador of that Crown fies prove fras
is order'd to demand reparations for the lofs of two very confiderable East-India less.
Ships, taken from the Subjects of that Kingdom. And at the fame time, his
Electoral Highnefs renewed his demands of fatisfaction from the Governors of
Wefel, for the affront offerid to the Son of his Excellencie the Earl of Carlifles
L
Z z z
of
}
532
1664.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
;
Earl of Mor-
by the Hollan-
der.
of which it may not be unfeaſonable now to give the Relation.
The Lord Morpeth, Son of the Earl of Carlisle, travelling from Munster to
peth affronted Collen, found a Troop of Horfe drawn up in his way; the Captain whereof
coming to the young Lord, told him, he had Orders to carry that Company
to Wefel, by a Verbal Order from the Governour, which he did, and lodg'd
the Company in two Inns. After they had been two days Priſoners, one Hayes,
a Gentleman belonging to the Duke of Brandenburgbs Council in Cleve, de-
manded the Priſoners in the Dukes name, threatning to feize the Goods of the
States Subjects in the Dukes Dominions, in cafe of refufal. The Governor' an-
fwer'd, that he was inform'd, they were gathering a Party to fall upon his Gar-
rifon; but finding the Information falfe, he gave them all free liberty to pro-
ceed in their Journey. But the Lord Morpeth and the English not fo contented,
went to Cleve, and there in the Dukes Court exhibited a Charge againſt the
Governor.
committed.
Alajor Holms Not long after, Major Holmes was committed to the Tower, upon ſeveral Ac-
cufations laid againft him. But when the whole matter came to be strictly en-
quired into and examined, he did fo fully clear himfelf upon every point,that the
King was not only pleas'd to diſcharge, but to honour him with a fingular
mark of his favour.
Diſcharged.
Forein Mini-
fters complain
in Holland.
Capt. Allen
returns.
Dutch Mann-
bibited.
Toward the middle of March, feveral Memorials were delivered in by the
Minifters of France, Portugal, and Swede, complaining of their Ships being
detained contrary to the Ufage and Practice of their Friends and Allies. To
which the States gave little or no fatisfaction, only permitted fome French Bal
laſt-ſhips to go out.
About the latter end of March, Captain Allen arriv'd in the Downs with a
confiderable Squadron of his Majefties Fleet, and a Convoy of rich Merchants,
together with a rich Prize, one of them that were taken at Cadiz, a lufty Ship,
which was afterwards made a man of War, and carried above Guns.
40
About this time, his Majefty publiſh'd a Proclamation, prohibiting the Im-
factures pro- portation or Retailing of any Commodities of the Growth or Manufacture
of the States of the United Provinces, occafion'd by a Prohibition on their
parts, of the Importing.or Vending any Goods or Wares made in any of the
Kings Dominions.
Peace with
Gayland.
Sir G Cotterel
But while we prepare for War at home, we make Peace abroad. For the
English in Tangier had by this made an advantageous Accord with Gayland ;
the Mors being very ready to agree with them in all Amity and good Corre-
fpondence.
Nor was it lefs pleafing to hear of Sir Charles Cotterels reception at Bruxelsz
fent to Brux- who being fent on his Majefties behalf, to preſerve and continue the Ancient A-
mity, had an entertainment futable to his Quality.
els.
English Fleet
ready to fet
fail.
1
Duke of York
goes aboard.
If there were any thoughts of Peace among the Hollanders, it was only in
fhew for their preparations for War were open and publick: and therefore
the King with moft indefatigable diligence, journey'd from Port to Port, to ha-
ften out his Fleet, already in great readiness; as alfo by his prefence to incou-
rage the Seamen, that by the 25th of March, ending the Year 1664, the Fleet
moft magnificently prepar'd with all Provifions neceffary, was ready to receive
their molt renowned Admiral, the Duke of York, who fome days before went
early in the morning to his Charge, attended with divers Eminent and Ho-
nourable Voluntiers: It was a Navy, for number of Ships, and choice of men,
fuch an one, as the Nation never fet to Sea one more formidable nor more glo-
rious.
This did not a little terrifié the Dutch; befides that fome Weeks before,
English Fleet they had been put to a great diforder, upon the appearance of fome
part of the
English Fleet, under the Earl of Sandwich; which though at a diſtance, and
without any rational appearance of danger, fet them into fuch a confufion, that
it fell little fhort of a general Confternation.
upon the Dutch
coat.
Nor were they yet able to come forth, though making all the hate they
could,
$664°
533
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
could. Nor had they done any thing confiderable all the Winter before; only
fent Bankert to Seas which, to what intent foever it was contriv'd, the Defigne
prov'd ineffectual. For attempting to go about by the North, he met with
nothing but the boiftrouſneſs of a tempeftuous Sea, making a quick return home,
and leaving behind him four of his beft Ships, unmercifully fhatter'd in the
forms.
And thus, while the English are their Enemies at Sea, they will make uſe of
English Offi
none of the Engliſh friendſhip by Land; And to that purpoſe they order a Caf- cers cahier d
fation of the English and Scotch Regiments: only that the Officers might be in Holland.
admitted again, taking an Oath to be faithful to the Lords States General, and
to the States of the respective Provinces whom they ferv'd. But the English
were fo Loyal, as to throw up their Commiffions, difdaining to ferve, upon
fuch monstrous Terms, the profeft Enemies of their Prince and Country.
Forein Affairs, 1664.
That which was moſt remarkable this Year in Forein parts, befides what we cessation of
have already related as they fell in time, that is to fay, the two great Victories Arms between
obtain❜d against the Turk by the Emperor, was the Ceffation of War that en- the Turk and
fued thereupon; of great Concernment, not only to thoſe Empires, but to all Emperor.
Christendom; a folemn Peace not long after enfuing.
The City of Conftantinople was fo fatal to the Grand Seignior then reigning, Grand Seig-
that he refolv'd to make this Year to be not a little fatal to it,by withdrawing his nior leaves
Court and prefence from thence; and that with ſo much indignation against the Conftantino-
Place, that he vow'd he would rather fet fire to it with his own hands,than return ple.
to it again: whereupon he retired to Adrianople, a place feated fit for his Sports
of Hawking and Hunting; Divertiſements that made him feek Peace rather
than War.
But the joy of this Ceffation was not a little difturb'd by the death of Count Sireni kill'di
Serini who being upon the chafe of a Boar, and feeing the Beaft likely to e-
ſcape, quitted his Company, and follow'd him fingle; till coming near him,
he fired his Piftol at him. The Boar finding himſelf wounded, furiously rufh'd
upon the Count, and then with four deadly wounds, the firft in the neck, the
next in the head, the third in his belly, and the fourth in his foot, tore him up,
and diſpatched him.
The French ai
The French this Year had a mind to get fome footing in Barbary, and to that
end got poffeífion of a ſmall Sea-port Town or Fort, call'd by the name of Gi- Gigery.
gery. The Moors, to expel them thence, came down with great Forces, and in
affailing and defending, great Numbers were flain on both fides. The Moors
in one Affault they made upon it this year, loft fix hundred men; the Duke of
Beaufort being wounded on the French fide. In which poſture we ſhall leave
them for this Year: Only it is not to be forgotten, that the Great Turk in re-
venge of the Battle of Lewentz, and the furprize of Gigery, caus'd all the
French which he found in his Dominions to be put to death.
But the Portugals with better fuccefs, under the Conduct of their General Portugals
Pedro Jaques de Megalbarma, gave battle to the Spaniards under the Duke of Victory.
Offuna; whom they utterly overthrew, with the lofs of 500 men flain upon
the place, 300 Priſoners, and all their Baggage and Proviſion, which became a
Booty to the Conquerour.
In Avignon happen'd a very great diſturbance, infomuch that above twenty Sedition in
thouſand Burgers gather'd themſelves together against the Vice-Legat, having Avignon.
firft fallen upon the Garrifon, fome of whom they threw over the Walls, and
put the reft to flight. This Commotion was rais'd,upon a pretence that the Vice-
Legat went about to impofe fomething upon them, againſt the Liberty of the
Inhabitants. But at length, by mediation of their Archbishop, they were
brought to terms of accommodation, upon condition that the Italian Gamifon
Zz z z
ſhould
534
1665.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
Lifle kill'd.
fhould depart the Town and Country, and the Italian Provoft with his Offi-
cers be banisht for ever out of their Territories. The Pope took very ill the
proceedings of the Vice-Legat. But for better fecurity, Monfieur de Merceur
was appointed to do his best in conjunction with the Forces of the Neighbour-
hood, either by fair means or by foul to bring them to reafon. At length a
compofure was made between the Pope and the King of France, and Avignon
was reftored into the poffeffion of the Romish See, upon Conditions which will
be hereafter mentioned.
In August came news from Lofanna, that certain Irish-men having Intelli-
gence that a knot of the Murtherers of the late King were gotten together in
that place, and there entertain❜d and protected by the Magiftracie of the Town,
enter'd into a Confultation how they might feize and carry fome of thofe Regi-
cides off, and deliver them up to the Juftice of that Government which they
had ſo hainously bétrai'd. The Perfons nam'd to be of the Gang, were Goff,
Ludlow, Lifle, Whally, and Fare; whereupon, in the diſguize of Lacqueys, they
attempted them, as they were going to Church, under the very Guards of the
Town, and accompani'd with the Magiftrates, Bayliffs, and Burgomafters of
the place: But finding it impoffible to bring any of them off alive, they fell
in particular upon Lifle, as one whom they knew to have been the Condemner
of feveral of the Kings beft and moft Loyal Subjects, whom they fhot dead up-
on the ſpot. After the act was done, they were forc'd to encounter the Guards,
and feveral other people, who engag'd themſelves on the behalf of the Rebels;
wherein they acquitted themfelves to a Miracle, wounding divers; and having
broke through them, they cri'd with a loud voice, Vive le Roy d'Angleterre,
and fo rode quite away.
I
1
A
Anno Dom. 1665.
Engliſh Fleet
at Sea.
He
April 1655. The Duke of York was now aboard, the English Fleet, well man'd, and in
brave order, and furnish'd with all things neceffary,and answerable to the
indefatigable care and diligence of fo great a Monarch, and the free expences
of his large Dominions. The Dutch neither ready, nor likely to come forth,
as in the event it prov'd; fo that among them there was nothing memorable,
but the bustle of Council, and hurry of unfiniſh'd preparations.
French Em
baſſador expo-
ftulates with
the Dutch.
Embargo in
France upon
the Dutch.
Embargo in
Holland upon
the English.
The firft Alarm they had was from the French Embaffador, who began to
deal roundly with 'um, and to infift upon the very Letter of a late Treaty for
the reftitution of two French East-India Ships, which had been fo long and of-
ten demanded. The Dutch offer'd certain fmall Vcffels, which they pretended
would do the French bufinefs as well.
Hereupon a general Embargo was order'd by the King of France upon all their
Merchants Veffels, till the Dutch made fatisfaction for the two Ships: for
though the Netherlanders had the confidence to with-hold 'um, yet the King of
France had effectually paid for 'um; fo that at length they were forc'd not on-
ly to part with the Ships, but the Lading to boot.
In the mean while they enlarg'd their Embargo upon the English, and not
only made a Prohibition of Trade with England, but alfo provided that none
of the Subjects of that State fhould enfure any Goods belonging to the Subjects
of the King of England: And all Newters were forbid to carry Counterband-
goods to the Dominions of his Majefty: The Reaſon why the States were fo
backward with the Fleet, was molt certainly the averfnefs of the people, whom
it coft the States not a little cunning to make tractable to their purpoſes. To
Dutch endea- } which intent, they infinuated into the ears and minds of the people, That the
vour to amuſe King of England was not in a condition to fet out a Fleets which they not only
found to be otherwife, but alfo purely done upon the ftock of his own proper
Reople.
the Common
}
Au-
1665.
535
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
}
Y
1
Authority and Credit. When they faw that brought to pafs, the next thing
they flattered the people withal, was, that though the King had ftrained himfelt
to bring a Fleet to Sea, yet that the Parliament would never fupply him with a
fum of Mony answerable to the Charge of fo expenfive a War. Finding them-
felves deluded therein alfo, by their Act for the Royal Aid; the next fuggeftion
was, that the people would never ſubmit to pay it. But the voluntary Preſent
made to his Majefty by the City of London, foon clear'd that miſtake. To theſe
they added, that they should find friends in England, together with great Aid
and Support from Forein Princes; wherein they found themſelves at length to-
tally diſappointed.
Among the reſt of their diſappointments, the King of Denmark's calling in all
his Seamen out of Forein Service, was not the leaft; for thereby they were dif
furniſhed of many able Sea-men, which otherwife they might have had for
their Mony.
na.
This Month alfo arriv'd at London, the Duke of Verneuil,and Monfieur Cour- French E-
tin, from the King of France; and from the King of Spain, the Conde de Moli- balladors to
The two former had their Audience within three days after their Entry, England.
which was very magnificent. They were fent upon Mediation and Compo-
fure, the event whereof the Dutch did much depend upon, and extremely
hearken after.
Nor were the Dutch a little active, in hopes to deceive Forein Princes, in Dutch Libe!
Printing and publiſhing Libels, to the fcandal and defamation of the English against the
Nation. Among others, the moſt remarkable of their Papers were, the Re- English.
marks of the Deputies of the States General, upon the Memorial of Sir George
Downing, Envoy Extraordinary, &c. A Difcourfe full of irreverence and falle-
hood, of which the world was fufficiently convinc'd, when they read the Re-
ply of Sir George Downing thereto.
In the next place, they Printed a pretended Letter from one l'alkenburgh, Di- Valkenburghs
rector-General of Guinee to the States, feigning how that at 1dia, the English Letter.
after they had given quarter, with rufty Knives cut off the Nofes of thoſe
whom they had taken alive, and exerciſed many other ſtrange Amboyna-cruel-
cies upon the Hollanders in theſe parts.
Therefore, that fo great a fcandal miglit appear the more notorious, there
was publiſh'd an Account of the Guinee-Tranſactions. In brief,
That Captain Robert Holmes, who was Commanded for the Coaft of Guinee, Guinee Rela
in October 1663, coming thither, all people complain❜d how ill the Dutch had tion.
treated the English, how they had engag'd the King of Barra to affault the En-
glish Factories; which Defigne failing, how they had endeavour'd to corrupt
the Officers of the Charles and James Iflands, to deliver up their Forts. How
they had counterfeited the King of England's Signe-Manual and Signet,to coun-
tenance their Entry into the River, had they not been fruftrated by the notice
which the King of Barra gave of the whole Defigne.
After this, Captain Holmes, for the better fecurity of fome English Ships dai-
ly expected, failed to Cabo Verde, fearing one Jobnfox, that was faid to lie in the
way; where without any provocation, they fired from the Fort, killing his Ma-
fter, and wounding divers of the Company; notwithſtanding all which, the
Governour furrendring the place next morning, he and all his Company were
treated with all poffible refpect and civility by the Captain.
At Seftos they had been dealing with the King of that place to throw out the
Engliſh, inveigling the people abroad, and then abufing them under English Co-
lours, the better to attain their ends.
The like was done upon the Coaft of Caffle de Mina, where Valckenburgb of
fer'd a Bendy of Gold for every Engliſh head.
At another time they thot at a Convoy of Capt. Holmes from a Fort of theirs
which fo enrag'd the Moors, that they fell upon the Fort, and took it, and would
have put all the Hollanders to the Sword, had not the Captain prevented
thêm.
Lafly,
536
.1665⋅
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
!
*
Dutch ill trea-
Laftly, Captain Holmes having fent a Drum to Ariamaboa, with Honorable
Propoſals; contrary to the Rule of War, they mangled, ttript,and left him dead
upon the place.
Which Account being fo far from the Accufations of Valckenburgh, gave no
fmall fatisfaction to the world; fo that they loft their aim among all juft and
fober Perfons.
But now the Netherlanders finding how little they could boaft of their Alli-
ted in Ruffia. ances near home,they made great Brags of the kindness fhewn their Embaſſador
at a diſtance by the Emperor of Ruffia,though by his reception no fuch thing
appear'd; for as for his Prefent, which was of filver Plate, it was fo mifera-
bly thin, that it would fcarce endure the carrying: His allowance was very or-
dinary; and the perfon appointed to attend him as Matter of the Ceremonies,
was only a Merchant and Alderman of the City, who having at a drinking Bout
began the Prince of Orange's health before that of the States General, rais'd a
very great Difpute; fo that upon the whole, his Entertainment feem'd rather a
matter of State and Cuftom, than of kindness.
General Faft.
Ships taken by
the English.
In England was obferv'd a general Faft, with a reverence befitting the So-
lemnity of the occafion; both Queens did moft affectionately concern them-
felves therein, by exprefs and particular Appointment commanding all their
Servants to fet themſelves apart with more than ordinary Devotion for the Ser-
vice of the Day.
This was anſwer'd with the happy Omens of future Victory, from the fair
fuccefs of fmall Enterpriſes. For not long after, were taken three men of War.
The firft a Caper of feven Guns, and 47 men. The other were Direction-
Ships; the one of 32 Guns, and 80 men, taken by the Diamond; the other of
22 Guns, and 60 men, taken by the Tarmouth. They all made ftout refi-
ftance, till being upon the point of boarding, they cri'd for Quarter. Captain
Golding in the Diamond, a brave Officer, was flain. One of the Direction-
Everts taken. Ships was Commanded by young Evertſe, whom the Duke treated with much
courtefie. And a little while after being brought to attend his Majefty, Hein
confideration of refpects formerly receiv'd from the Father of the young Cap-
tain, was generously pleas'd not only to give him his liberty, but to order him
a hundred Pounds fterling, in teftimony of his Royal Goodneſs and Bounty.
Nor will it be here fuperfluous, while Action ceales, to speak of the extra-
ordinary Government and Diſcipline then in the Fleet. For upon a Complaint
made to the Admiral, a Court Marshal was call'd aboard the Royal Charles.
The matter in Queftion was, concerning fome abufes done to a Swede by fome
of the Company of the Kent, and other injuries to a French Veffel by the Guern
fey. The Offences were ftriking, wounding, pillaging and plundering. Three
of them being found Guilty, had their fingers burnt with Matches, and one of
them his head woolded with a cord.
Difmiß'd.
Order and Di-
(cipline of the
Engliſh Fleet.
Two Dutch
Eaft-India
Ships taken.
Duke of York
makes for the
Coaſt of Hol
land.
J
६.
Three alſo belonging to the Guernsey-Frigat were fentenc'd; one to be whipt,
and to receive three ftripes by the fide of every Rear-Admiral, five by the fide
of every Vice-Admiral,and feven by the fide of every Admiral. The fecond to lie
in Irons 48 hours; the third being the Mafter, was Cafhier'd without his Ticket.
In reward of ſo much Juſtice, fuddenly came News that two East-India Ships,
coming about by the North of Scotland, had ftranded themfelves upon a Bank
near Orkney, and were fecur'd.
About this time, the Duke impatient of the Hollanders fay, refolv'd to give
um a vifit upon their own Coafts; and accordingly with 114 Sail made for the
Texel, within five Leagues whereof he came to an Achor; fome of the Fleet
ventring within two Leagues of the fhore; where the Duke took a full view
of the Dutch Ships. Some few days after, they fhew'd themselves juft before
the mouth of the Harbor, to the great amazement of the People afhore. Nor
did the English forfake their Stations for a fair feafon, being now increafed to
120 Sail, which made the Hollanders ere&t Beacons all along the Coaſt of Holland,
from the Texel to the Maes, to give notice upon any attempt of landing
The
1
16
1
+
1665.
537
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
The Duke ftaid longer than he intended, partly in expectation of draw-
ing the Dutch to an Engagement; partly, by reafon of crofs Winds, and ha-
zie Weather. Among many Foggs, there happen'd one in a happy hour for
the Hollanders For the Duke having commanded Three Frigats out of his
own Squadron, and Four out of the White and Blew, to try if they could
meet with any Holland Merchant-men returning toward the Uly, the Fogge Several Ho!-
was fo great, that only the three first could Sail. Had not this Fogg prevented, land Merchant-
the whole Fleet had fallen into the Hands of the English. However, ten Sail Men taken.
were taken, laden with Wine and Brandy; only one Weft-India Ship of good
Value, another from Lisbon, and the laft an English Veffel taken by them before
in the Soundings: there were alterwards at times fifteen or fixteen more taken,
and Eight or Nine run aground: which was the fatal account the Hollanders
had of their Burdeaux Fleet this Year.
Nor was this all their lofs at this time, for that before was followed by Smyrna Ships
another, near the Coaf of Lisbon, where tive English Frigats encountering three funk.
Holland Men of War, and three rich Smyrna Ships, tunk two of the Mer-
chant-Men, and ran the third aground: The Dutch Men of War feeing
themſelves no longer able to maintain the Fight, blew themſelves up.
While Opdam is preparing to get out, we may be at leifure to take a view Lord Bellafis
of Tangier, at which place the Lord Bellafis, newly made Governour, fafely Governour of
Tangier.
Arriv'd toward the beginning of April: He was no fooner entred at one
end of the Town, but the Moors fhewed themfelves at a distance upon the other, The Moors
but without making any attempt; and indeed Gayland foon underſtanding the bew themselves
without Effect.
Courage and Bravery of the New Governour, though importun'd by the Dutch
with Affurance of their Conduct,not only abſtain'd from any further acts of
Hoftility, but by his own Letters figaifi'd to the Governour his extraordinary
defire of Peace.
Toward the beginning of May, the Prizes brought in under the Dukes Flag, English Mer-
were all fafely lodg'd in Port, and not only fo, but this no unwelcome News chants return
was accompanied with moft happy tidings of the return of divers rich Fleets Safe bome.
of our own; not only acceptable to their Owners, but feaſonable for the
Publique.
badoes.
About this time came News of De Ruyters defign upon the Barbadoes; De Ruyter at
and that with ſuch a force, that had it been equal to the report, it might have tempts the Bar-
put that Ifland into fome danger. But by the care and Prudence of Col. Henry
Willoughby the Deputy-Governour in the abfence of the Lord Willoughby,
the liland was forthwith put into a poſture to receive him: which when
De Ruyter found, after an Attacque upon Nedham-Point, which lafted about
four hours, he departed as he came, without doing any thing of hurts having
by this Alarm only waken'd the Courage of the Inhabitants.
ded by Allen.
But the Attempt upon the Governour himſelf had like to have proved Lord Wil-
more fatal: for one John Allen having taken a determinate Refolution to loughby woun
deſtroy the Governour, took his Opportunity as my Lord was at Evening-
Prayer; and entring juft as the Chaplain was reading, And Joab ſmote Abner
under the fifth Rib, unknown and unfufpected, he made a blow with a Cut-
dals provided for that purpoſe, at the Governours head; ſeconding that blow
with another, which the Governour received on his hand, with the lofs of two
of his Fingers; and another wound on his Head fomewhat dangerous. Up-
on the fecond blow, Allen was laid hold on, who then thruft the Weapon in-
to his own Body to have kill'd himself, but that failing, be at length Poyfon'd
himfelf. His dead Body was handled very ignominiously, and his Head and
Quarters set up in the moſt Eminent parts of the Plantation.
But now the Dutch, finding their Embaffadours not able to effect any Duch at Sea.
thing either in Sweden or Denmark, (where they met with a very cold,
though Ceremonious Entertainment) began to fhew their own ftrength;
their Navy at length appearing upon the Ocean in all'its fplendor, divided
into feven Squadrons: Under Opdam fourteen. Men of War and two Fire- Their Numbers
himps,
538
16 6.5
A bziek-Account of Tranfactions in
*
Captain Nixon
Executed.
June 1664.
ſhips; under John Evertſe fourteen Men of War, and Two Firefhips; under
Cortenaer Fifteen Men of War and one Firefhips under Stillingwers, Fourteen
Men of War, and one Fircfhip; under Tromp Sixteen, and one Fischip; un-
der Cornelius Evertfe, Fourteen, and ene Firefhip; under Schram Sixteen, and
two Firefhips; befides Yachts and Galliots belonging to each Divition: In
all, One hundred and three Men of War, Eleven Firefhips, and Seven
Yachts,
The Duke all this while kept the Fleet in moft excellent Order; and, which
was more, under fo ftrict a Difcipline, that Captain Nixon, Commander of the
Elizabeth, for letting two Capers eſcape which he had encountred in the Sound-
ings, and a Common Souldier for Seditious and Mutinous words, were both
Executed; that as no encouragement ſhould be wanting to them that behav`d
themſelves honourably, fo no unhandfome Action fhould go unpunifh'd.
In the mean time, the Parliament that was to have fate the Twenty firft
Parl.Prorogwd. of June, was by his Majefty again Prorogued by Proclamation, for fundry
weighty Reaſons, till further time.
A Curiofity.
A Lo's.
*
It will not be here amiſs,for variety fake,to mention a Curiofity diſcovered at
a place call'd Bald Bathford, three miles from Bath where was found a Mo-·
nument very admirable, both for its Antiquity, Form and Structure: from
the top, three or four Foot deep, it was fourteen foot long, and fixteen.
foot broad,made of ftones of feveral Colours,as Blew,Red,Murray and White,de-
licately cut, not above an Inch broad's curioufly fet, and ftrongly Cemented:
the Floor was very delightful to behold: Round about it were plac'd di-
vers Figures; and in the midſt, a Bird ſtanding on a Sprig. It is thought to
have been a convenience for water. A Work of great coft and labour,and which
fhew'd the excellency of much loft Art.
But we muſt now return to feats of War again, where we find our felves
at firft to have received fome lofs, as well as all honour and Victory: And
this happen'd by reafon of the miscarriage of the Hamborough Fleet. True
it is, that a Convoy was defired of the Duke, then lying before the Texel;
and as true it was, that a Convoy was diſpatch'd, but with Inftructions to
haften the Ships away within ten days, and caution not to venture after that:
yet they after the Ten days were over, venturing againſt Orders to Sea, fell
into the Enemies hands, who upon our removal from the Dutch Coast, had
upon Notice ſent out to Attaque them; which was the more eafily done, by
reaſon that the Roe-Ketch, ordered to give them advice of the Dukes removal,
mift of finding them; they being gone out of the Road before the Ketch
could arrive there.
ར-
Nor was this, the firft Difafter, for the Diamond had been thus loft before;
the Coaſt of Italy, and carried into Villa Franca, and there made
upon
Prize:
冷
​The Duke of But for thefe Loffes, that Noble and Signal Victory which enfa'd, made a
York Ingaging moſt Ample Satisfaction: For upon the third of June both Fleets met, between
the Dutch Fleet which, there followed a moft harp and fierce Encounter; in which, with
gain'd a very
Final Victory the lofs only of one Ship, nam'd the Charity, a Veffel formerly taken from
the Enemy, were taken Eighteen very confiderable Ships, and good Men of
War, as the Chancellour gave an account in his Speech at the following
Seffions of Parliament; funk and find Ten more of the biggeft the Dutch had,
carrying between them Five hundred and forty Guns, befides four Firefhips so-
tally destroy'd. Opdam's Ship, carrying Eighty four Guns, was with himſelf,
and all his Men, to the number of Five hundred, blown up, in the heat of the
Fight. Captain Smith in the Mary Boarded a Zealander of Seventy fix Guns,
and Four hundred Men; which after Opdam's Ship was blown up, came to
have grappled with the Duke: The Zealander was torn in pieces, and the Cap-
tain taken, but foon after dy'd of his Wounds. Two Thousand-fixty three
Priſoners were brought into Colcheſter, of which Thirteen Commanders. In fum,
was Computed, that they loft ten for one; among the reft were ſaid to be
:
blown
1665.
539
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
blown up in Opdim's flip certain of the French Nation of no fmall quality
though fome of ours were perfons of greater Note, as the Earl of Falmouth,
Lord Muskerry, and Mr. Boyle, who fell all three by one Cannon-fhot, ſo near
the Perſon of the Dake, that he was befprinkled with their Blood: befides
them, the Earls of Portland and Marleborough, Rear-Admiral Sanfon, and
Sir John Lawſon as good as kill'd, for he dy'd of his Wounds: as great a loſs
as any. Nor was it without Reaſon, that Fate fell ſo ſevere upon theſe per-
fons, feeing that the whole burthen of the encounter lay upon Thirty only of
the Kings Ships. After this great Action, the chief buſineſs of the Fleet was,
to prepare for more.
But the ill fuccefs of this Fight, caus'd many diforders
and complaints among the People in Holland; for appealing whereof, the
States took a ftrange way, to Revenge themfelves upon their own Officers;
many of whom they tax'd either of Cowardice, or ill Management; and
queſtion'd for their Lives. Three of their Captains were Executed at the Hel-
der; Two more were ordered to have their Swords broken over their Heads;
and the Mafter to Vice-Admiral Cortinaer, to ftand upon a Scaffold with a
Halter about his Neck.
France.
But this fuccefs in War was fomewhat allay'd by the heat of the approach- July 166g.
ing Sickneſs, which now grew hot in London and the Suburbs.
The Sickness.
The Queen-Mother therefore returns tor France, being attended to the Queen Mother
Kentish-Coaft, in the Katharine Yacht, by the King, together with his Royal returns for
Highness, Prince Rupert, the Duke of Monmouth, and others: between whom,
after all Solemnities of taking leave had pafs'd, the King leaves his Mother to
purfue her Journey into France. Afterwards he went aboard the Royal Charles,
in the Buoy of the Nore; where he beflow'd the Honour of Knighthood upon
feveral Captains that had behav'd themfelves valiantly in the late Fight, as Rear-
Admiral Tiddeman, Captain Cuttins, Captain Jordan, and Captain Sprage; af-
ter which, he vifited moſt of the Flag-fhips, giving all neceffary directions for
the diſpatch of the Fleet, and fo return'd by water to Greenwich and from
thence by Coach to Hampton-Court, from whence in a fhort while he removed
afterwards to Salisbury but the Diftemper there increafing, he retired to Ox- The King at
ford, where he remained a confiderable time. The Seat of the Mufes, now
the Palace of the Britiſh Monarch, proving fo happy a Receptacle, that all the
Concourſe of People to a Kings Court, to a Parliament, and to a Term, prov'd
no way prejudicial to the health and fafety of the Place.
Oxford.
marle
However, for the fecurity of his Chief City, the King, that he might not hate tags in
Duke of Albe-
abfolutely be faid to withdraw his Beams from her Difconfolate Walls, left them London.
to the Charge and particular care of the Duke of Albemarle; who in all the
heat of the Diftemper continu'd at White Hall, with a Courage equal to his
Dignity.
•
And for the better preventing of Tumults, a Proclamation was Publiſhed, Difaffected of
Requiring all Disbanded Officers and Souldiers who had ferv'd in the Armies of ficers order'd to
any of the late Usurped Powers, to depart the Cities of London and Weftmin- depart the City.
iter, and not 10 return within Twenty Miles of the fame, till November föl-
lowing.
And now his Majefties Fleet, the damages of thofe Ships which were dam- Engliſh Fleet
nified in the late Fight being repair'd, and feveral of the Dutch Prizes being Rendezvouse.
fitted for Service, began to Embody again; fo that upon the fifth of this
Month about 60 Sail weigh'd away from Southwold-Bay, to the Coaft of Hel-
land: the Standard was born by the Earl of Sandwich; to him Sir George
Afcue Vice-Admiral, Sir Thomas Tyddeman Rear-Admiral. Sr. William Pen
was Admiral of the White; to him Sir William Barkley Vice-Admiral,
Sir Jofeph Jordan Rear-Admiral. The Blew Flag was carried by Sir Thomas
Allen and his Flag-Officers were, Sir Chriftopher Mimms, and Captain
Harman.
$
The Alarm of the English being out, as was the common Opinion, brought Bankert
back Bankert, fooner then he intended; who having been three weeks at Sea turns
with
Aaaa
540
1665,
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
De Ruyter
found-Land.
with an inconfiderable Squadron, returned into Harbour. It was expected
he ſhould have brought De Ruyter along with him; but as yet there was no
News,neither of him, nor of the East-India Fleet. Other Defigne of his could
not be imagin'd, feeing that it appear'd that he had no intention to go further
than he did; or that he had any likelihood of doing good where he had
his Station, unless the States might think it worth their while to put on a
miferable Countenance of keeping the Sea, while the English were in Harbour :
All the Exployt he did, was the taking of Four or five Ships belonging to Nor-
way, which the Dutch had the confidence to keep.
De Ruyter, as his Voyage was longer, and his Force more confiderable, ſo
Sails for New- did he do more miſchief, not without fome marks of Dutch Inhumanity; for
after he had been beaten from the Barbadoes, he arriv'd at St. Johns in New-
found-land with 17 Dutch Men of War, where he took the Diamond of Pli-
mouth, and the Unity of Dartmouth, ftripping the People Naked as they were
born, and leaving them without any fort of Provifion. At Bay Bulls Har-
bour they took Two Ships more: In Pitts Harbour three other fhips,
ufing the Men with the fame rigour they had done the former and yet after
all, they would have been dealing with the Seamen, whom they tempted with
great promifes of reward, if they would ferve the States; but they bravely
and unanimouſly refufed. For which they might have pleaded the extravagant
Licenfe of War, had they not treated the Women in a moft Barbarous and
Beaftly manner, without favour or diftinction. He took away all the Cattle
from the Planters, and Eight Guns from off the Land: however, he reftor'd
three fhips of the feven which he had taken, to bring home the Seamen
which were in all 120.
The Stroaker.
Casualty in
Norfolk.
KA
About this time, ſeeing that leiſure from bufinefs will permit the Relation;
the Fame of Greatrates the Stroaker fill'd' the Mouthes of all People, both in
City and Country. A Novelty not unfit to be mention', feeing that at that
time many wife men were affected with it.
2
They that knew him, reported him for a Civil, Frank, and well-Humour'd
Man, Conformable to the Difcipline of the Church, born in Munster, of En-
glish Extraction; and fometimes a Lieutenant in Colonel Farr's Regiment:
he was Mafter of a Competent Eftate, and perform'd ſtrange Cures by Stroak
ing, or Toucking, for which he took neither Mony nor Prefents. That which
firft created the Wonder, was, That he paffed without Contradiction; and
that fuch Multitudes followed him, as only they could believe who faw them.
He was faid to admire himſelf the Gift which he had: had he ftay'd among
the ignorant Irish, his Fame might have continued longer; but the Infidelity of
the English made him often fail in his Divinitie; and his Reputation once
blemith'd, his Healing Myſtery foon vaniſh'd.
yo
This Wonder having made its exit, behold another of another Nature, A
Prodigie, that made work for the Stroaker; he Cur'd, but this Kill'd and
Wounded: for in the Parish of Erpingham in the County of Norfolk, there
arofe a very great Storm; in the midft of which, as the People were at Church,
there Defcended among them the appearance of a great Ball, which as it
was fuppos'd, beat down the South-Eaft corner of the Steeple; for at that
inftant that it fell, it carried along with it the South-Porch: being come in-
to the Church, it turn'd upon the South-fide where the Men fate; paffing to
the Chancel it brake, and then the whole Church feem'd to be of a light Fire:
it left a great fmoke and ftench behind it: and in conclufion, there was one
Man found ftark dead, and many others were wounded, who for fome time
fo continued. But upon this, and ſeveral other Miſchiefs done in the fame
County by Lightning and Tempeft, we leave it to others to make their
defcants.
A General Faft. But the Peftilence increaſing, the King commanded a Proclamation for a
General Faft throughout the Realm of England, to the end, That Prayers and
Supplications might be every where made for the Removal of ſo heavy a Judg→
ment
"
541
1665.
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
ment: And that the Day might be obferv'd with order and decency requifite,
the King, with advice of the Bishops, directed fuch a Form of Prayer as was
thought most meet for the Service not only of that day, but of all the fucceed-
ing Wedneſdays in the Week, during the Contagion.
Collections alſo were
ordered to be made, for the relief of the fick and needy in ſo great a Ca-
lamity.
Toward the latter end of July, the King went to Portſmouth, where with
much fatisfaction he view'd his Naval Stores and Preparations. He alſo or- Portsmouth,
King goes to
der'd Pesthouses to be Erected, that if the worft fhould happen, there might
be feaſonable relief and remedy for the fick. And to prevent Caſualties by Fire,
he Commanded feveral Thatch'd Houfes to be otherwife cover'd. From thence
he failed over in his Pleasure-boat to the Ifle of Wight, where he took a view to the 1fle of
of the Caftles and Train'd Bands of the Iſland; and ſo returning, took Horſe turns for Sall-
Wight, and re-
for Salisbury.
bury.
The Parliament fhould have met about this time; but by reafon of the Sick- Parl.Prorogu'd
nefs, it was Prorogu, till the Third of October following.
In the mean while,long look'd-for De Ruyter Arrives in the Weſtern Emms: De Ruyter re-
but the Purchaſe which he brought with him, was only Five English Prifes, Three turns into Ho!-
Laden with Sugar, the other Two Emptie. His own Ships were miferably land,
torn and out of order; and therefore knowing the danger he was in, he
paffed by Fero, Shetland, and fo over to Bergen, and then crept along the
Coaft of Norway and Denmark: however, upon his coming home he was
made Admiral of the Dutch Fleet, fo foon as it could be got ready to ſet and is made
Sail.
This they were Eye-witneffes of, but of their ill fuccefs at farther diſtance,
they had Intelligence by another hand; for by Letters to the General of the
Jefuits in Rome, from certain of the fame Order in China, news came, that
upon their endeavours to retake the Ifland of Formofa on the backfide of Chi-
na, they had been put to the worft, with the lofs of two Fleets, one of 17,
the other of 18 Sail; together with Tydings of their being driven out of
Macaffer, Ternate, and Amboyna, by the Natives: which was the rather be
liev'd, by reafon of the exact Correfpondence which the Roman Society of Jefu-
its holds with thoſe parts.
Admiral.
Dutch lo's in
China.
fter threatenS
But though De Ruyter carryd the Flag, he did not Command in Chief,
but under the Triumvirate of De Witt, Huygens, and Boreel, who according
to a new Model, had now the Superintendencie over the Naval Affairs.
And now the Bishop of Munster's Drums found in their Ears, almoft as Bishop of Mun-
terrible as the Engliſh Cannon; befides that his Army began to grow very nu- Holland.
merous. This made the States order a Flying-Army to the Frontiers, though
with ſmall fatisfaction to the Inhabitants, who daily fled to the Fortifi'd Towns
for their Security.
Auguft.
In the mean while, the English Fleet lay in Three Squadrons from Brookneſs
to Hitland, and fo to Norway; which made the Dutch very earneft to put to
Sea; but one while the Water, another time the Wind would not permit it.
The Earl of Sandwich being thus abroad, upon Notice of 50 Hollanders be-
ing fheltred in Bergben, fent a Squadron of 22 Men of War, under the Com-
mand of Sir Thomas Tyddeman, with Orders to Sail directly for Berghen, and Dutch fay
there to Attacque and Fire the Hollanders; which Enterprize had prov'd ve- by Tyddeman
ry fatal to the Dutch, had not the Wind and the Dane himſelf very much be- in Bergen.
friended the Dutch, and given them liberty to Plant their Guns afhore against
the English. However, they receiv'd very great Lofs, in the diſabling many
of the moft confiderable Ships then in the Harbour:
But foon after, the Earl of Sandwich himself met with a Convoy of the
Dutch, with feveral Merchants, and fome East-India Men in his Company, Eaft Indie
where though the ftorminefs of the Weather did much favour the Dutch, Ships taken,
yet
he took above 8 good Men of War, two of their beſt East-India Ships; Sept. 4.
and 20 Sail of their Merchant-Men.
Aaaa 2
Some
542
1665.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
.E
2
Parliament fits
Some few daies after, fome of his Majefties Fleet encountring with 18 fail
of Hollanders, took the greateft part of them, whereof four Dutch Men of War,
with above a thouſand Prifoners.
Upon the 10th of October the Parliament met at Christ-Church in Oxford, the
in the Schools Schools being fitted for their reception, where his Majefty delivered himſelf to
at Oxford,
O&ob. 10.
His Majesty's
Speech.
The Commons
Apfwer.
this effect.
That they might confidently believe, that had it not been abfolutely necessary to
confult with them, he would not have called them together, when the Contagion had
pread it felf over fo many parts of the Kingdom.
That he had entred upon the Dutch War by their advice and encouragement,
and that therefore he defir'd they might receive information of the Conduct and Ef-
fects of it, to the end he might have the continuance of their chearful fupply.
That it prov'd more chargeable than be could imagine it would have been.
That the addition which the Dutch made to their Fleets, made it unavoidably
neceffary for him to make a proportional preparation.
That as the Dutch endeavour'd by falfe fuggeftions to make themselves friends,
ſo be bad not been wanting to encourage thoſe Princes that had been wrong'd by the
Dutch, to recover their own by force; to which end he had affifted the Bishop of Mun-
fter with a confiderable ſum of Money.
That theſe were the Reasons that his Supply was upon the matter neer spent. How-
ever,
That he made not War for Wars fake,but was ready to receive all fair Propofitions;
but that the Dutch were no leß Infolent than ever, though they had no advantage
that be knew of.
Upon this the Lord Chancellor Hide enlarged, obſerving from point to point
the whole proceſs of Affairs, from the time of his Majeſties Reſtauration, to this
inftant. That notwithſtanding the affronts upon the Royal Family in Holland
during the ufurpation, His Majefty was pleaſed to Embark himſelf in one of
their Ports, though preft by the two Neighbour-Kings to have taken his paffage
through their Territories.
That being returned, the King was forced to fupport himself upon Credit,
till the Armies were disbanded, and the Fleet paid off; which Debt was height-
ned by the fupplies of his Majefties Stores, fo exhaufted at that time, that
there was not Arms for 50co men, nor Provifions for the fetting out ten new
fhips.
That his Majefty repleniſh'd his Stores, reduc'd the expence of his Navy, pro-
viding only a neceffary Guard for the Narrow Seas, and a Fleet against the Py-
rates, which had brought them to fubmiffion.
Then he repeated the ſeveral Infolencies and unkindeneffes committed by the
Dutch. The King's application to the Parliament. The Parliaments humble
defires of Redrefs. The States preparations for War: And the whole Series
of the War, and its Succefs until that time.
Then reflecting upon the greatneſs and neceffity of the King's disburfments,
he concluded.
In answer whereof, the Houſe of Commons returned their Thanks to his
Majefty for his care and Conduct, for the preſervation of his People, and Ho-
nour of the Nation, declaring withal, that they would affift him with their
Lives and Fortunes.
They returned him alfo Thanks for his care of his Brother the Duke of York:
Then they gave the King an additional Supply of 1250000 l. by Monethly
Affefment.
They gave him alfo a Preſent of a Moneths Tax, to come in the Rear, after
the expiration of the Monethly Aid; which they defired his Majefty would
beſtow upon his Royal Highness.
They alfo paffed a Bill of Attainder of certain English Fugitives who had
joyned with the Dutch.
Allo
i
1665.
543
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
{
Allo a Bill for fuppreffion of Nonconformists; which with fome other Bills
being figned by his Majefty, they were Prorogu'd till the 20th of February fol- Parliament
lowing at Westminster.
Prorogu'd.
On the last day of their Seffions, the Houfe of Commons confidering that
they fate in the Convocation-Houle, and remembring the Fidelity and Loyalty
of the Univerfity, Vored, that the Thanks of the Houfe fhould be given to the Thanks of the
Chancellor, Maſters, and Scholars, for their eminent Loyalty to his Majefty, the university.
Houfe given to
and his Father of blaffed Memory,during the Rebellion; particularly,for refufing
to be vifited by the ufurped powers, and to ſubſcribe the Solemn League and
Covenant; and for thofe Excellent Reaſons they publifh'd to the World to jufti-
fie his Majefties Cauſe.
Mr. L. Hide, Sir Heneage Finch, Sir John Birkenbead, and Colonel Strang-
ways, were ordered to prefent theſe their Thanks to the Univerfity, which was
accordingly done in a full Convocation, within the fame Walls where the Vote
paft.
After this, Sir Heneage Finch and Colonel Strangways were made Doctors
of Laws by Dr. Jenkins Principal of Jefus Colledge. Mr. Hide and Sir John
Berkenhead having received their refpective Degrees before.
Soon after, the Duke of Ormond, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland was remanded Duke of Of-
back into that Kingdom, where in a fhort time he arrived at Dublin, and was mond returns
received into the City with great ſplendor and Magnificence.
into Ireland.
This Moneth the feveral Courts of Juftice fate in the Schools at Oxford, being November,
Michaelma-Term, where Sir John Keeling was made Lord Chief-Juftice of the 1665. Term at
King's-Bench, and Sir William Morton one of the Judges of the fame Court, Oxford.
in the place of Sir Wadham Windham deceafed. The next Term (being
Hillary) was from thence adjourn'd to Windfor, and from thence to Westmin-
fter, where they fate February the ninth.
Captain How-
ard's Valour
But among actions of leffer note at Sea, the courage of Captain Howard
deſerves remembrance, who now commanding one of the King's fhips, render'd
himſelf as fignally faithful to his Sovereign, as to his Owners: who having cer-
tain Victuallers and other Merchant-men under his Convoy, as he paffed by
the Bay of Cadiz, five Dutch Men of War, then under fail before the Bay, ha- against the
ving notice thereof, being Veffels of 43, 40, and 36 Guns apiece, had immedi- Dutch.
ately fetch'd
up the Merchant-men, but the Captain fo behav'd himfelf with his
Merlin, a Frigat of 12 Guns only, that the whole EngliſhFleet had time to eſcape
into the Bay of Tangier; and by and by perceiving the headmoft of the Dutch
ſhips of 45 Guns, who had done him moſt miſchiet,to be making after the Fleet
to their inevitable Ruine, he frankly ran himself aboard the Dutch-man, where
he fought above an hour board and board, till being himſelf dangerously woun-
ded, and all his Men dead, or defperately wounded, fave eight, he was at
length compell'd to yield, and carried into Cadiz.
The King's Let
But to return neerer home, to the Grand Affairs betwixt England and Hol-
land, we finde the Netherlanders in no fmall perplexity. They had now recal- Dutch Emba
led their Embaſſador Van Gotch out of England, who took his leave of the King fador recall'd
at Oxford: by him the King fends a Letter to the States; wherein, though he out of England.
could not but charge them as the Authors of the War, yet he fignified to them ter to the
his readiness to come to any fair terms of Accommodation: nor could this Dutch.
Letter be fo ftifled by the contrary Faction, but that the People got a view of
it, by which when they faw the difpofition of the King of England, they
were not a little enrag'd at the Province of Holland, who had fo much endea
vour'd to keep them in ignorance, and made them more pliant to yield to thoſe
Alterations that not long after followed.
Muniter 4.
Munster fo beftirs himſelf all the Winter, that he allows no time for reft, but
upon Thaws and milde Weather; fo that he defeated feveral confiderable par- give againt
ties of the Dutch, and advanced not a little way into their Country of Friez- the Dutch
land, burning and ſpoiling fome, and taking other of their Towns; whilft
Prince Maurice with 1800g men is forc'd to look on, without being able to at-
tempt
544
1065.
A bief Account of Tranfactions in
髯
​Dutch.
1
King of France tempt any thing of moment. Their chief Afliftants were the King of France
Supplies the
and Dukes of Lunenburg. As for the first, he fent them a Supply of men; but
they brought along with them fo much Rudeneſs, and fuch Diſeaſes into the
Country, that the Dutch were foon weary of their company; for they were
forc'd to quarter 'um on the Brandenburgber's Country, which did them no
good. The threats of Waldeck, and the conjunction of the Confederate-For-
ces, did them as little kindness; only it caus'd the Bishop to retire with his
main Body out of Friezland, leaving a fufficient ftrength in Garriſons ; for
Munner's Suc- he had deſtroyed already 900 Horfe in one place, 200 Foot in another; he had
cepiaHolland. defeated two Troops of their Horfe, and 500 Foot in another place, and 400
Foot that had repoffeffed themfelves of Vriefveen, forcing them to render them-
felves, and had now Garrifond his Foot in his new Conquefts, and withdrawn
Lunenburg his Horfe into his own Country. The Dukes of Lunenburg grew cold in their
exenfes himself affittance, and fent to excufe themſelves to the King of England, tor what they
to the King of had done, as being ignorant of the Grounds and Caufes of the Bishop's taking
England.
Arms. The Brandenburgber offer'd a Mediation with the Bishop, but with
much delay. Their main hopes was in the King of France, who believing the
Ballance of Affairs not even enough yet, (and 'tis thought rather acting as he did
out of an affectation of Sovereignty in the Mediterranean-Sea ). not only conti-
nues their friend, but declares a War against England, acquainting the Queen-
Mother of England, that though he could no longer keep off a Declaration of
War againit his Majefty of Great Britain, yet that he thould always preferve
the fame efteem and value for his Majefty's Perfon, hoping his Majefty would
continue the fame kindneſs and affection for him.
French King
declares Par
against Eng-
land.
January 1665.
Accordingly, upon the 27th of January the French King's Declaration of
War was publickly proclaim'd, upon pretence of Succouring the States General
in confequence of the Treaty 1662. But the Lord Hollis the King of England's.
Embaſſador in France, having remonftrated the great injuftice of that Declara-
tion which ſubjected all Engliſh-men in their Eftates and Perfons to the laſt acts
of Hoftility, contrary to the Treaties between the two Crowns, allowing each
party three Moneths time for the withdrawing their Eftates and Perfons after a
Rupture; The King of France thereupon iffu'd out a fecond Proclamation, già
ving the Engliſh the faid Liberty of three Moneths to Tranfport themſelves and
Goods.
However, in return of the firft Declaration, the King of England foon after,
that is to fay, in February, publiſh'd alſo his Declaration of War againſt the
February, the
King of Eng- French. Importing, that whereas the French King pretending an Alliance Des
fand declares fenfive with the States General, had proclaim'd a War against his Subjects,
That he was refolv'd to profecute the War which the French King had to un-
juftly undertaken against him, with his utmoft Force by Sea and Land.
Par with
France.
Sir Chrifto-
pher Mimms
Chafes the
Dutch.
It was then admirable to fee with what a harmony and chearfulneſs the Ma-
ritime Counties offer'd their fervice to his Majefty, upon their receiving his first
Orders to put themſelves into a pofture of defence: But he being tender of
continuing them under the trouble of a needlefs Duty, was pleafed to direct their
difmiflion and return home till further occafion.
In the mean time Sr. Christopher Mimms was Crufing about, with a Squa-
dron of ficut Ships; who hearing of a Squadron of the Dutch that were out
at Sea near Otend, he made away for Diſcovery, and at length had a view
of them, out of fight of Land about Newport, being in all 16 Sail and 3 Flags.
Fain he would have been dealing with them; but they not daring to abide the
(hock, made all the Sail they could away, and eafily efcap'd him, being neer
their own Burrows.
Pestilence The Petilence was now fo well abated, that the King return'd again to White-
abates; and the Hall, where the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of London attended Him, and hum-
King returns to bly welcom'd Him home to his Chief City, atter fo long and melancholy au
abfence.
White-Hall.
The Term alfo, which to prevent the too early refort of People to London
J
!
and
1665.
545
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
#
and Westminster, had been Adjourn'd to Windfor, was now again Adjourn'd
from thence to Westminster.
But the Parliament, who should have met the 20th of this month, were again Parl.Prorogu’d
Prorogu'd till the 23 of April, by a ſpecial Commiffion directed to the Arch-
Bishop of Canterbury, and others of the Lords both Spiritual and Tempo-
ral.
About this time, Sir Thomas Clifford, the Kings Extraordinary Envoy to
Sweden and Denmark, return'd into England. And the Earl of Sandwich was Earl of Sand-
ſent Ambaſſadour extraordinary into Spain; where what good Services he did, wich fent Em-
the following years will declare.
baffadour into
Spain.
Peace made
And to fhew how diffufive the Kings Royal care was, for the good of his
Subjects, as well far diftant, as neer home; Mr. Warren,employ'd for that pur-
pofe, had now for the benefit of the English Trade in Africa, made a Peace
with Sancta Cruze, Sophia and Morocco: In the laft of which Places, when the with the Moors
Emperour heard that the English Agent was come to make a Peace with him, in Africa.
be ordered a Guard of 5co Horfe to Conduct him to his Court, which attended
the Agent above Fourfcore Miles.
And all this while the Mediterranean Seas were fecur,d by a ftrong Squa-
dron of Ships under the Command of Sir Jeremy Smith.
B.
Sir Chriftopher Mimms miffing of the Dutch at home, fail'd away for the General Wran
Coast of Sweden, where coming to an Anchor at the Mouth of the Elve, with gle comes
a Charge of Merchants under his Convoy; General Wrangle made it his bu- board Sir Je-
ſineſs to travel 30 miles to give him a vifit Aboard his Ship, whom the En- remy Smith.
glish Admiral entertain'd according to his Dignity.
land.
The Parliament in Scotland Iffued out a Proclamation, Commanding all
Miniſters, who had entred before the Year 49; and fince the Reftitution of the Ministers Sup-
Nonconformist
Church-Government by Archbishops and Bishops, had Relinquish'd their Miniftery, prefs'd in Scot
or had been Depofed by their Ordinary, to remove themſelves, within Forty days
after their Relinquiſhment or Depofal, out of the Parishes where they were Incum-
bents, and not to Refide within Twenty miles of the fame, nor within fix Miles
of Edenburgh, or any Cathedral, nor within Three Miles of any Burgh Royal,
nor to Inhabit Two in one Parish, upon Penalty of Incurring the Laws made
against movers of Sedition.
This Proclamation was occafion'd, by the Infolent Carriage of one Alex-
ander Smith, a Depos'd Miniſter, who being taken at a Conventicle, was con-
ven'd before the High Commiffion-Court; but gave fuch reviling Language
againſt the Archbiſhop of St. Andrews, who fate there as Prefident, that the
Lord Commiffioner ordered him to be put in Irons Twenty four hours, in
the Theives Hole.
Irish Traptors
In Ireland, the Parliament being likewife Sate, fell upon the Examination Parliament in
of certain of their Members, who were faid to have been in the Plot in the Ireland.
Year 1663. Robert Shapcott, Alexander Staples, and five others, were call'd to there examind.
the Bar, and for that Reaſon, were Expell'd the Houſe, and made incapable
of ever fitting in any Parliament of that Kingdom.
Forein Affairs, 1665.
The King of Poland having made a fruitless and very unfuccefsful expedi- King of Po-
tion again the Mufcovites, the event thereof was, That being deferted by land's in fu
his Tartars and Coffacks, for fear of being furrounded by the Muscovites, who ceß.
having intelligence of his condition, had gathered their Forces together with
the fame intention; he was forc'd to make his retreat through a vaft Defert of
twenty Leagues over, wherein meeting with neither Forrage nor other conve-
niencies, his whole Cavalry was utterly ruin'd: and all his Nobility and Gentry
highly
546
1665.
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
Lubomirsky
revolts.
German Pria
ces quarrel.
Beaufort ea
counters the
Argier-Py.
rates in Ar-
gier.
Portugals de-
feat the Spa-
tards.
highly difcontented to fee themſelves in that manner loft without a ſtroke, di-
fperfed themſelves and left him.
This Calamity, which they fay broke his Heart, was follow'd by the revolt of
Lubomirsky, a great Souldier, and of high repute in that Country, whoſe digni-
ries and Eitate the King had Confifcated, as not conformable to his Government.
Lubomirsky takes Arms, gathers together a very formidable Body; and though
now.grown confiderable, both in his own Forces and the affections of the Po-
lith Nobility, tenders his ſervice to the King, offers to make ufe of his power
againſt the Common Enemy the Mafcovite, on condition he might be reſtored
to his Territories and Charges. But the King giving no heed to his Propofals,
raiſes an Army, marches againſt him, and being come now within four miles.
of Lubomirskie with an intention to give him Battle, he affumbled his Nobility,
and Gentry, and in a long Oration endeavour'd to encourage them to be
have themſelves refolutely againft the Enemie of their Country, and Rebel to
himfelf. But they gave him for anfwer, That they acknowledged it was their
duty to hazırd their Lives again any publick Enemy whatſoever, but tổ
fight against their fellow-Subject and Citizen, whom they could not finde to
have committed any crime worthy fo high a punishment as was inflicted on
him, they could not adventare at all. This Anfwer fo difturb'd. the King, that
he withdrew himfelf, and pofted directly for Warfaw, deftitute of Counsel or
Afiftants, and was at length forc'd to the Reltauration of Lubomirskie, to avoid
the hazard of greater Inconveniencies.
+
This year a great Quarrel broke forth among the Princes of the Empire,
as the Electors of Mentz, Triers, Collen, and others. But as thofe differences
were long a brewing, fo it was not an eafie work to compofe them, though the
Emperour was very diligent in his Mediation.
1
He had no reafon to defire War, who was in daily expectance of the arri
val of his Contracted Emprefs the Infanta of Spain, of whofe haftening into
Germany he had received certain intelligence from her Father. In February, he
fent his power into Spain to the Duke de Medina de las Torres for the Marrying
of ther; but the arrived not at Vienna this year.
But returning to feats of War, we finde the Duke of Beaufort encountring
in the Mediterranean-Sea with a Squadron of Argier Men of War, five in num-
ber; but two of them ran themſelves aground; the other three he caus'd three
of his Captains to fet upon; who did fo well acquit themfelves, that the Ad-
miral of the Pyrates, carrying 6co Men, and 50 pieces of Cannon, loft in the
difpute above half her men, the reft threw themſelves into the Sea, and ſet fire
on the ſhip: Nor did the other two, carrying 400 Men, and 30 Guns apiece,
run a better fortune, being both funk and burnt, Nor did it ferve their turns,
that they had withdrawn themſelves within Carabine-ſhot of the very Forts be
longing to Tunis.
This was an honourable undertaking, and as fuccefsfully performed: How-
ever, the Victory which the Portugueses obtain❜d against the Spaniard, made a
greater noife in the Worlds which, muft not be forgotten, as obtain❜d by the
English brave- Valour of the English. At first, the Spaniards Charg'd the Portuguez and French
Ty inPortugal. Horſe fo home, that they beat them into the Rears but the English coming to
charge, recovered all the ground which the other had loft, and kept it; which
ſo encourage'd the reft, that they came on again afṛefh; and then the Engliſh
charging again, with the fame fuccefs as before, caus'd the Enemy to quit the
Field. Major Trelawney charged the Prince of Parma at the head of his own
Battalia, kill'd molt of his men, and brought off his Standard. He had his
Horfe flain under him, but was remounted by his Lieutenant. The 'General
of the Horfe was taken, five thousand Prifoners, all their Baggage, and feven
pieces of Cannon, together with 3000 Mules.
The Emperor's
2
But in the Imperial Court there was no fmall diffraction, by reafon of the
Brother deceaf- death of Dake Sigifmund the Emperour's Brother, whom fome fuppofed to
have been taken away by Poifon, though others affirm'd that he died by a heat
ed.
taken
1666.
547
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
taken in Hunting; however, the Emperour was very diligent to take all conve-
nient orders for the prevention of any diſquiet that might ariſe by reaſon of his
death.
Tark
The Ceflation made the laft year between the Emperour and the great Turk, Pecce made he
begin now to look with a favourable afp.ct toward a general conclufion of tween the Em-
Peace. The Emperour's Embaffador, Count Lefley, having had a very honoura- Peror and the
ble Reception from the Grand Vifier at Conftantinople: And the Turkiſh Chiaux
having been no leſs ſumptuouſly attended by the Emperour's Commiflioners ap-
pointed to conduct him to Vienna, whither the Prefents which he brought
from the Grand Seignior were not a little fumptuous; among the reft a Tent,
for Workmanship of Embroidery and Jewels, valued at 200000 Rix-dollars. Turkish Embas
In September, the Peace betwixt the two Great Emperours was wholly conclu- fadir's prefect
ded, with that fatisfaction to the Turk, that Count Leſley the Emperour's Em- to the Emperor,
baffador acknowledged himſelf to have been Treated with that Civility and
Magnificence, that never any Imperial Embaffador had received the like be-
fore.
and
Genoua at
odds.
It was thought this year would have put an end to the differences between
the Duke of Savoy and the Commonwealth of Genona: But instead of Com- Savoy
pofute, the Breach grew wider for the Duke of Savoy demanded the reſtitution
of certain Villages, which he claim'd as belonging to his Ancestors, which the
Genouefes in poffeffion were loath to part with. He alſo claimed the right of
Paffage to carry Salt through the State of Genoua into Piedmont, together with
a priviledge of being nam'd firſt in all Articles of Treaty.
Better fuccefs had the Quarrel between the Electors of Mentz and Collen, Mentz and
which with much difficulty this year was brought to a final conclufion, upon Collen Ele-
Conditions, That the City of Erford and the Villages thereto belonging thould ctors reconcild
continue Hereditary to the Elector of Mentz, the Duke of Saxony renouncing
all pretences to them: That Saxony fhould keep pofl.ffion of feven Lordships
which the Elector of Mentz laid claim to : That Religion fhould remain
unmoleſted according to the Aufpurgh Confeffion: And that the two Electors
ſhould enter into a League Offenfive and Defenfive.
The Portugueſes heightned with their late Victories, and ſtill back'd with Portugueſes.
the English Succours, Invade Galicia, where they Sackid 24 Towns and Villa- makean inroad
ges; at length coming before La Guarda, the English icading the Van, were
zato Spain.
commanded to enter the Town, which they gain'd with fmall lofs; but in
Storming the Fort they found a fmarter refiftance, though that alſo was in a
fhort time compell'd to yield; but with the unhappy fall of Captain Charles
Langley, Lieutenant Senhouſe, and Enfigne Berry.
In Germany, the Duke of Brandenburg makes new Levies of Horſe and Foot, Brandenburg
and now with his Arms in his Hands he demands a Reftitution of the Tolls at takes Arms,
lates with the
Gennep, and a regulation of Quarterings and Muſters through his Country, and expoftu-
(which though Beverning was fent to excufe, yet it could not be forgot.) Dutch.
The Dutch did not care to have too many Enemies; which made the Branden-
burgber think it ſeaſonable to raiſe his Market, the price of his Alliance being
nineteen Tun of Gold. At length, all the Conferences of his Minifters and
the Dutch ended in this; That there fhould be a ſpeedy meeting appointed, to
confult for the common Peace and Safety of that Circle of the Empire; the
Elector Declaring, that he could not conclude any thing in relation to the pre-
fent War, without the conſent of the reft of his Allies.
This year the Queen-Mother of France, Anne of Auftria, Sifter to Philip the Queen Mother
4th,departed this Life; before her expiration, making ufe of her laft Breath to
of France dies
recommend to her Son, The eafing of bis People, to preferve Unity between
himſelf and his Brother, and in all things to imitate the Example of bis Grand-
father Henry the 4th..
In Italy there arofe a Conteſt of no ſmall confequence between the Venetian The Venetian
and the Pope. For the Venetian claiming the Sovereignty of the Adriatick-Sea, and the Pope
finding a Veffel belonging to the Pope there, demanded the Cuftom due to that differ.
Bbb b
Repub-
1
J
548
1666.
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
Republick; which the Mafter denying, they carried the Veffel to Venice. The
Pope demands Reftitution; but they make fuch a tedious Demur, that it
amounted to a denyal. Hereupon, the Pope makes an Embargo in Ancona,
and all his other Ports, of the Venetian Ships. They fend to their Embaffa-
dor at Rome to complain; the Pope denies him Audience: but by the Me-
diation of the Cardinal Patron, the difference was Compos'd, in regard of
their War with the Turks; against whom the Pope then reigning was a mott
Devout Enemy.
A counterfeit
About this time the Jews were ftrangely Alarm'd with the News of a
Melliah ap- New Miffiab. The Impoltor was a perfon bred and born in Smyrna, who in a
pears among the short fpace grew to fuch a Head, that no one Jew durft open his Mouth againſt
Jews.
him he drew after him great Multitudes, and was ftrangely ador'd by the
chiefelt of the Jews. That which contributed to the Impofture, was a Confedera-
cy of Thirty others, who pretending themſelves to have the Gift of Prophefie,
in all their Publique Ejaculations pointed out him for the Meffiab.
Another Jewish
Prophet in Ara-
bia Folix.
Turkish Em
balfadour's Se-
cretary turns
Chriftian.
Whether it were he, or another; but in Eden, a great City in the King-
dom of Elal in Arabia Felix, there was at the fame time a Jew, by the
Name of Giorobaon, who by his dextrous Oratory reduc'd all the Citizens,
for the mott part Jews, to his Obedience; killing the Baſſa, and forcing the
Garriſon to fubmit to him. In a little time, his Numbers increas'd; he cal-
ling himself their Prophet; fo that in a fhort time he drew after him all
the Arabians of the Mountain Cabuburra; thence paffing through Arabia
Petrea, he Poffefs'd himself of Medina and Mecca, writing from thofe parts to
all the Jews of Idumea and Syria to prepare for his Reception. Nor were
thefe two alone: for at the fame time, one Sabadai,not fo Warlike, but more
Prophetical, did ftrangely entoxicate the brains of his Brethren, with an Af-
furance of the Arrival of their Expected Meffiah; and was fo vain as to go
to Conftantinople, to demand the Land of Promiſe from the Grand Signior.
One thing must not be omitted, fince we are among the Jews, and the Turks
That the Secretary to the Turkish Embaffador fent to Conclude the Peace at
Vienna, after the buſineſs was over, took an occaſion, whether out of Delign,
or Devotion is for others to conjecture, to abfent himſelf with feveral Pa-
pers of Importance, from his Matters Service, and turn Chriftian.
Yet notwithſtanding the Turkish Peace, the Emperour was not a little di-
Palaffi Imbre, fturb'd by the Revolt of Palaffi Imbre, who with a great number of ill-difci-
revolts from the plin❜d Vagabonds did very much infeft Hungaria, folliciting the Baffa of Erfa
Emperour. to his Afliftance: but through the great diligence of the Palatine of Hunga
ria, he prevail'd little or nothing this Year, more than in ſpoyling and Rob-
bing the Country. He was foon defeated and taken: his Perfon was Com-
mitted to Prifon, where he remain'd till the Nuptials of the Empress ; at
which time he enjoy'd the benefit of a general Oblivion
King of Spain
dy'd.
March.
maica afaults
the Ducth
་
Towards the beginning of Autumn, dy'd the King of Spain; and the Queen-
Mother was Confirm'd. Regent; much to the fettlement of that King-
dom.
Anno Dom. 1666.
1
(
T
JC..
*
HE War continuing between the English and the Dutch the beginning
of this Year brought Intelligence from America, where the Governour
Governor of Ja- of Jamaica refolves to Attaque their American Plantations; and according
ly, by the Affiftance of the Buccaneers or Hunters upon Hifpaniola, made them
Plantations in Ilves Maſters of Santa Euſtachia, Salia, St. Martins,and Bonaira; and took the
Ifland Tabago by Storm. At which time a Party fent from the Barbadeer to have
done the fame, being thus prevented, fell upon the Dutch Plantations in the
Continent, where they poffefs'd themſelves of New Zealand, taking the Fort
with ſeven Guns: upon the River Maccurah and Wina, they spoil'd Ten
America.
Sugar-
>
!
1666.
549
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
{
Sugar-works, and took 500 Negroes, which they fent to Martinego. And thus,
with a handful of Men, they Expell'd the Dutch out of all their Plantati
ons in the West Indies, excepting only Curreffa, being a Fort built by the Dutch
in an Island without any Plantation, and not worth Attempting.
·
Dane.
Swede ftands
firm to England
At home, the Dutch endeavour all they can to ftrengthen themselves with Dutch concluas
Alliances, and therefore make Peace with the Dane, on condition, That both Peace with the
Parties abfolutely renounce all manner of Pretences: whereby Denmark be-
came a.gainer of 60 Tun of Gold. All diſorders in Norway were to be quite
taken away; which doubled the King's Revenues at that time. Lastly, the
Hollanders were to pay yearly to the Dane 15 Tun of Gold fo long as the
War with England lafted. In lieu whereof, the Dane was to maintain 30
Men of War in the Sound, to which the Hollander was to add Eight, or
Ten, with fome Land-forces. This the Swede took ill, Declaring to all
Publick Minifters his Refolution to ftand firm to the League with England;
in order whereunto, Wrangle understanding that fome Dutch fhips were come
into the Elbe, where then a Fleet of English Merchants rode, commanded a
Swedish man of War to Guard them, and rather to fink by their fides, than
fee them injurd: the fame care being likewife taken to fecure the English in
Schonen. They alfo fent an Embaffadour into Denmark, to Expoftulate the
Reafon of their Alliance, and. to fhew their diflike of the whole Tranfacti-
on and when the Danish Refident, in a ftudied Speech, endeavour'd to
give the Queen and Regents of Sweden an accompt of his Masters Inten-
tions in that League for the fecurity of the Sound, and the Provocations
pretended from England, which forc'd him to Revenge, and offer'd the Crown
of Sweden to be included in the fame Alliance: He was prefently Anſwered;
That the Procedure of his Mafter feem'd fo fowl and Dishonourable, that
they knew not how any Prince for the future could Treat with him. But
the Swedes feeing what the Dane had done, refolv'd in no wife to fuffer the
Sound to be ſhut up at pleaſure; reinforc'd their Garriſons in Schonen, and
prepar'd a fufficient Navy for their Defence. However, to fhew themſelves
not altogether averfe from Peace, the Swedes did frame a Project for an
Accommodation between the States and them, which contain'd fo many
points of Reftitutinos, Reparations, and amends, to be made by the States,
that they were nothing pleaſed with it. Befides, the Swede infifted to be ad-
mitted into the Trade of India, a point, above all the reft, which the Dutch
were moft jealous of.
The King now taking into confideration the hazardous confequences by April 6.
the extraordinary refort of People,to the Parliament,by his Commiffion directed Parliament
to the Lord Chancelloúr, Prorogu'd them to the 18 of September next. Provogu❜d.
He alfo Iffued out a Proclamation, whereby John Desborough, Thomas Kel- A Proclamati
fey, and others, were requir'd to return into England, and render themſelves; on, requiring
and in cafe of Difobedience, to ſtand Guilty, and be Attainted of High Trea- and others, to
fon. A while after, Desborough was brought over from Oftend in the Lit- return into En-
tle Mary, and Committed to Dover Caftle, by the Lord Middleton: but at gland.
length, releaſed by the Kings Order.
Another Proclamation was iffued out, Giving all Perfons that would, li-
berty till the 25th of December following, to export all Woollen Manufacturės be-
yond Sea; in regard that the War and Contagion bad caus'd fuch a deadneſs
of Trade in the Nation.
But at the Old Baily were Try'd ſeveral Malefactors; in all, Eight Perfons, Plotters Ty'd
formerly Officers or Souldiers in the Rebellion; among whom, the moft no- at the Old
ted was John Rathborn an old Army-Colohel. Their Indictment was, For Baily.
Confpiring the King's Death, and the overthrow of the Government;
having in the Kings abfence from the City laid their Plot and Contrivance
for furprifal of the Tower, the killing General Monk, Sir John Robinson the
Lieutenant
Bbbb z
550
1666.
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
Lieutenant of the Tower, and Sir Richard Brown Major-General of the City;
and then to have declared for an equal divifion of Lands. The better to
effect this Defign, the City was to have been Fir'd, and the Portcullices to
have been let down, to keep out all Affiftance; the Horfe-Guard to have been
Surpriz'd in the feveral Innes where they were quarter'd; feveral Oftlers hav-
ing been gain'd for that purpoſe. The Tower had been View'd, and its Sur-
prifal Order'd, by Boats over the Moat, and fo to Scale the Wall. There was
in the Conſpiracy one Alexander, who made his Eſcape, who had diſtributed
feveral Sums of Money to thele Confpirators: and for the carrying on the
Defign more effectually, they were told of Great Ones, that fate conftantly
in London, who iffued out all Orders; which Council received their Directi
ons from a Council in Holland, who fate with the States. The Third of
September was pitch'd upon for the Attempt, as being found by a Scheme
Erected for that purpoſe, a Luckie Day; a Planet then Ruling, which Por-
Condemned, and tended the downfall of Monarchy. They were found Guilty of High Trea-
fon, and Executed at Tyburn.
Executed
Earl of Sand.
wich Arrives
at Madrid.
Lord Hollis re-
turas from
France.
The Fleet ready.
The Month of May was without Action; only in the beginning thereof, the
Fleet being ready to fet Sail, His Majefty and the Duke of York went down
to ſee the Condition thereof; and having ſtaid there three days, return'd to
White-Hall.
Toward the latter end of May, the Earl of Sandwich His Majefties Ex-
traordinary Embaffadour Arrived at Madrid; and the Lord Hollis return'd
from his Embaſſie in France.
The Fleet was now ready, under the Conduct of Prince Rupert, and the
Duke of Albemarle: But while they are fearching for the Enemy, it will
not be amifs to relate a Combate of leffer Note, for the Honour of the Ex-
glish Courage abroad, as well as at home. The Guiny Frigate being in the
Port of Lisbon, found there a French Man of War, the Captain whereof bragg'd
what he would do, when the Guiny Frigat ſhould dare to put to Sea. Which
A French Brag Captain Coite underſtanding, ftood out to, Sea, expecting when the French
Game to nothing Champion would follow; but he confulting more his own fecurity, than his
honour, was content to let the Guiny Frigat tire her felf with attendance: fo
that the Captain having ftay'd hovering in fight of the Town, for three days
together, return'd into Harbour; and bringing out the Ships under his Con-
voy, fteer'd his own Courfe.
ded.
#
June.
But to return to the Flect. It was at this time divided, and the White Squa-
The Fleet divi- dron under Prince Rupert was gone toward the Coalt of France, upon an ap-
prehenfion of Beauforts coming to joyn with the Dutch; at which time the
other two Squadrons under the Duke of Albemarle being Four Leagues off the
North-Foreland, the Bristol plying about a League from the Fleet, difcover'd
feveral Sails, and thereupon fir'd Three Guns for better Information: Soon
A Fight for after, from the top of the Admiral, they discoverd the Dutch Fleet. The Fight
two days toge began, Friday the Firft of June, and was maintain'd for two days together
ther,maintain'd
with only 50 thips of the English, againſt double the number of the Dutch.
by the Duke of
The Duke had all his Tackle taken off with Chain-fhot; and his Breeches to
Albemarle.
his skin were fhot off. Captain Harman in the Henry, had the luck to have all
the Dutch Fleet upon him,fingle; which he bravely fupported, and forc'd his way
quite through them: he had three Firefhips upon him, of which one took fire,
but it was foon, quench'd; and at length, he was forc'd to leave the Fleet.
The Rainbow being the ſecond, as the Henry was the first that Engaged. This
was the first days Difpute, from one of the Clock, till nine at Night: wherein,
the Dutch had two great fhips Fir'd.
1
The Fight
now'd.
re-
On Saturday, the Fight was renewed with greater Violence than before, where-
in the Dutch loft Three Sail more, which were forc'd to retire out of the Dil-
pute; and it is thought, that this part of the Fleet would have given a very
good accompt of the Enemy, had not the Dutch receiv'd a Reinforcement of
16 fresh fhips. The General was Attacqu'd by a Vice Admiral of the Ene-
my,
1666.
551
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
1
my, who came up fo neer, as that the Yards arms touch'd; but the General re-
ceiv'd him with fo full a Broad fide, beſides a Volley of ſmall ſhot, that he
fell a Stern, and appeared no more. However, on Sunday, the General finding
the Flect overpower'd in number, and tir'd with continual fervice, began to
ftand over to the English Coft. In this Retreat, which was manag'd
with all care and prudence, the Saint Paul and two other fhips were by the
General's order fet on fire, to prevent their falling into the Enemies hands; all
the men difpofed into other fhips.
Toward the Evening of that day appeared the Prince; upon whofe approach, Prince Rupert
the Enemy leaving 50 Sail to make good against the General, fent out 30 more appears.
to intercept the Prince; but he avoiding them,made up to the General: when he
drew neer the Fleet, he fent word to the General, that if he approvd of it, he
would keep the Wind & engage thofe thirty fhips which bore up to him: but the
General fuppofing that Squadron to be only a Decoy to draw the Prince upon
the Galloper, fent a Caution to the Prince not to meddle with that Squadron.
And now both Generals being joynd, on Munday by Morning-light the Dutch
Fleet were got out of fight; but the English foon made them again, Sir Chri-
stopher Mimms leading the Van, the Prince in the Middle, and Sir Edward
Sprague in the Rear of the freth Squadron. Here the Encounter was very
fharp, the Engliſh fighting fome to the Windward, fome to the Leeward of the
Dutch. In this Engagement the Engliſh paſs'd the whole Body of the Ene-
mies Fleet five times, with good advantage on their fide: which the Dutch not
enduring, began to run, and were purſu'd ſo long as the Powder latted, there
being not above 35 of the Enemy left in a Body, and doubtless they had recei-
ved more miſchiet, the Generals refolving to have born in among 'um a ſixth
time, but that the Prince having receiv'd in the laſt paſs two fhots in his Pow-
der-room, and finding his Maſts diſabled, was forc'd to let the Enemy make
the beft of their way, whereby they eſcaped much fairer than otherways they
could have done.
Of the English Fleet was only burnt the Prince, having by misfortune first run
aground upon the Galloper by which means Sir George Ayfcue the Commander be- Sir George
came a Prifoner. The Effex was also taken,having entangled her filf by grapling Ayfcue Priſo-
with one of the Enemies (hips which ſhe had almoft taken. The Swiftfure was nr.
alſo miſſing (taken by Rear-Admiral Swaert) her Commander Sir William Berk-
ley being flain. Befide thefe, not a fhip, except the Slugs exprefly burnt by Or-
der; all the rest arriving fafe in the Gunfleet. Certainly many of the Enemy
were Burut and Sunk. The Enemy endeavouring to conceal their Loffes as
much as they could; but it was generally concluded that they loft above 15
Ships, and 21 Captains, among the reſt Evertſon one of their Admirals, and of
common Seamen above 5000.
Sir George Ayſcue was fent to the Cattle of Loveſtein, and Captain Reeves im-
prifon'd in Amsterdam, having, Wounded as he was, receiv'd molt barbarous
ufage from the hands of thofe that took him.
*
July.
This bloudy Encounter being over, the King makes all the haft imaginable
to take the Sea again; to which purpoſe the King proposes to the City the fur-
nishing him with a fum of Money, to answer the great occafion of the War;
whereupon, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council agreed to fur-
nifh him with 100000l. the moft of which was fubfcrib'd upon the place. The City fur-
However, the Dutch, by reaſon they had ſeveral ſhips already fitted, which were nish the King
intended for the Sound to affift the Dane, got out fome time before the English The Dutch out
could poſſibly be ready, and were ſeveral times difcover,d towards the Coaſt of
again.
France to meet with Beaufort, who was to have joyn'd with them, but never
did.
with100000l.
But it was not long before the Engliſh Fleet were at their heels in very good The English aš,
order: The Flags being carried by the Generals Sir Joseph Jordan, Sir Robert their heels.
Holmes, Sir Thomas Allen, Sir Thomas Tyddiman, Captain Utburt, Sir Jeremy
Smith, Sir Edward Sprague, and Captain Kempthorn.
On
اهم
'
552
Another En-
gagement..
t
•Engliſh Loß.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1666.
On Munday, the English Fleet fet fail from the Gunfleet, the Enemy plying
Eastward before them. That Night proving ſtormy, the Jerfey difabled by
Thunder, her Main topmaft being broken to pieces, and the Main-maſt ſplit
from the Top to the Bottom, and another Fire-fhip receiving fome harm,
were fent away to be refitted. At two of the clock next day, they weigh'd
and difcover'd the Dutch Fleet ftanding with them, having the Wind, but not
the Courage to engage them. Next Morning by nine of the clock, both Fleets
engaged, the English not firing till they came up clofe with the Enemy, and
then the Anne head moft of the White began the Fight, the Red and Blue
Squadrons coming up within an hour after. Between ten and eleven, one of
the English Fire-fhips endeavouring to board their headmoft Admiral, was put
off, and burnt down without effect. At eleven, the Van of their Fleet began
to give way; and about one, the whole Van bore away from the English before
the Wind: neer half an hour after, the Royal Katherine, the Saint George, and
another of the White lay by to repair, together with Sir Robert Holmes. After
that, the Refolution was burnt by a Fire-fhip fent on board him by Trump, but
the men were moft of them fav'd,
• About three of the clock, the Royal Charles went out of the Line, and with
much Gallantry fought ſhip to ſhip with De Ruyter within Mufquet-fhot, lea-
ving her place to the Sovereign, till having repair'd her felf, the ftood in again,
and fo warmly handled De Kuyter, that he was forc'd to give way's but fo difa-
bi'd her felf,that ſhe had not a Rope left,but was tow'd out of the Line by Boats:
about which time two of the Enemies fhips were obſerved to be blown up.
About four of the clock De Ruyter made all the fail he could, and ran for't,
but made frequent tacks to fetch off his maimed Veffels; once hazarding himself
very much to reſcue his Second, who was fo diſabled, that he could not be got
off: in which condition he chopt to an Anchor, which brought the English to
the Leeward of him; a Fire-fhip attempting to get up to him, was affail'd by
another from the Enemy, and both burnt together.
The Van thus running, were purfu'd by the Red and White Squadron,
which continued among them all Night: the Royal James taking Bankert's
ſhip of 60 Guns, Vice-Admiral of Zealand, himſelf hardly eſcaping; and the
Snake of Harlem of 66 Guns, which the English afterwards burnt, having
Tromp in the Rear, engaged with the Blue Squadron.
Next Morning the Dutch had all the Wind that was, ſo that the Engliſh
could not get up with them, only the Fanfan, a little Sloop built for Prince
Rupert, with her Oars made up to De Ruyter, and bringing her two little Guns
to one fide, continu'd for an hour plying De Ruyter Broadfide and Broadfide,
to the great Laughter of the English, and Indignation of the Dutch to fee their
Admiral chac'd fo ftoutly. The English Fleet continued the Chace over many
Flats and Banks, till they came fo neer the Shore, that the great fhips could not
follow, but left the leffer Frigats to attend them till they got into the Darlow-
Channel of Zealand.
De Ruyter's fhip was batter'd very much in this Chace; and if the Wind
had ferv'd for the great ships, he had inevitably been taken, and moſt of thoſe
that were with him had been deſtroy'd.
Not long after, the Wind veering, the Generals difcovered Tromp with the
remainder of the Dutch Fleet in the Offen, chac'd by the Blue Squadron, having
the Wind; ſo that toward Night, the Koyal Charles tacking to keep between
Tromp and home, ftood in with the English Fleet, and came to an Ancher;
but Sir Jeremy Smith in the Night-time lying by for fear of Shoale ground,
the Dutch in the mean time ftole away, getting to Windward, fo that the Ge-
neral's Squadron could not reach 'um, though they chac'd 'um till they had
bút fix Fathom Water; by which means they got into the Wielings to the reft
of their Fleet.
On the Engliſh fide were only three Captains flain, the Refolution burnt, and
not much above 300 wounded men.
1
On
1666.
553
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
*
On the Dutch fide, were above 4000 killed, and neer 3000 wounded of com- Dutch Loß.
mon Sea-men. Several of their Captains alſo were flain; among the reft, Evert
fan Admiral of Zealand, Tirrick Hiddes Admiral of Friezland; the Vice-
Admiral of Friezland, and Rear-Admiral Van Saen. They were above a
hundred fail, of which only eighty eight returned: which was the general
computation of that time.
•
It was impoffible for the Dutch to deny this to be a Victory, their own ſhips
being beaten home in fuch a miferable condition, that many of their beſt ſhips
had much ado to float above Water: And the English keeping the Sea, and
not only fo, but prefently after the Engagement fhewing themfelves upon
their own Coaſt.
Nor were their own Harbours fecure; for Sir Robert Holmes being ordered sir Robert
to go into the Vlie to burn that Ifland, with five Fire-fhips, fome Ketches, and Holmes enters
one fifth-rate Frigat, went in the Fire-fhips went ahead, and foon deftroyd two the Vly.
Men of War, and other fhips that lay there in defence of the Fleet; which
being done, he fent the rest of the Boats to burn the reft of the Ships, which
they did with fo good fuccefs, that in a fhort time the moft of that great Fleet,
confifting of 170 fail, was in a flame, except a Guiny-man of 24 Guns, and Burns 160 fail
three Privateers, who getting into the narrow of the Channel, protected five of ſhips.
Sail more that were ahead of them, fo that the Boats could not come at them.
After that, he went afhore upon the Scheling, where he burnt the chief Town He lands on
upon the Island, which was accounted very rich; and had deftroy'd all the other the Schelling,
Villages, but that being high Water, he durft not lofe the opportunity of retur-
ning. The number of Ships burnt, were judg'd to be 160 Sail; which was
the more conſiderable, in regard it was perform'd with fo little lofs to the Eng-
liſh, there being not above twelve men killed and wounded in the whole A-
&tion.
and burns a
Town.
Yet neither this nor the laft difafter were fo fatal as to keep the Dutch from
taking the Sea again, which they did toward the latter end of August, though
not with fo powerful a Fleet as before; and therefore they pals'd by the back of The Dutch at
the Goodwyn, making for the French Coaſt, to have joynid with Beaufort, whe
Sea again.
lay at Rochel with forty Sail: but the Engliſh Fleet follow'd 'um cloſe, and fin- The Engliſh fol-
ding the Dutch gone toward Calice, they ſtood a courfe after them; but upon low them cloſe,
the approach of the English, the Dutch got all under fail, and ftood for Búl-
Loigne-Road, haling cloſe to the fhore: And here they had in all probability been
utterly Ruin'd, but that the Weather grew fo extreamly ftormy, that the but formy
Engliſh could not attempt any thing upon them; nor durft the other adventure weatherhinders
out to Sea; therefore the English thought it beft to make away for St. Hellens- any attempt.
Bay, the place of Rendezvouze, and the moft proper ftation to hinder the Enc
mies conjunction with the Fleet.
}
But the French were not a little tamid by the taking of Monfieur La Roche,
who fcattered from the Body of the Fleet with five or fix more French Men
of War, was diſcover'd by Sir Thomas Allen lying between Fairlee and Dungeon-
neẞ, who having the Wind, came up by the fide of the French-man Yard-arm
and Yard,arm, and pour'd into him a Broad-fide of great and ſmall ſhot,
receiving the like from the other; but before Sir Thomas could tack again, the
French-man having spent his Fore-maft, and finding himfelf fallen between
two other of the Engliſh Frigats, and Sir Thomas at his heels ready to give him
another Broad-fide, heimmediately yielded. This fhip was called the Ruby,
of a thouſand Tuns burthen, carrying 412 men, and 54 Guns, whereof 50 Monfieur de la
Brass.
រ
Roche taken
And now De Ruyter falling fick, was fored to leave the Dutch Fleet under in the Ruby.
the care of Van Neß. But the States, finding the Weather unfeaſonable, and
their Ships much thattered by Tempefts, thought fit to call their Fleet home,
and to put an end to any further occafion for this year. Saving only that five
of the Engliſh Frigats meeting with five of the Dutch, of 38, and 36 Guns
apiece, took the Admiral and two more, and chac'd the other two afhore.
Being
}
1666.
554
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
Tromp and
De Ruyter
fall out.
A defigne upon
Guernſey di
Icovered.
Being return'd, Tromp and De Ruyter fell out, laying the blame of all the
Summers Loffes and Mifcarriages upon one another. The States in favour
of De Ruyter took away Tromp's Commiffion, and confind him to Amfter-
dam; and a fecond Examination and Execution was done upon many of their
Officers for Cowardife, and others deeply Find.
But now to return homeward; in Guernsey the Governour of Choufey in
France, together with the Pilot or Mafter that brought him, were apprehended
for bringing a Letter to Major-General Lambert there in Priſon, and offering a
contrivance by his eſcape to engage him againſt the publick Peace. At firft;
though the Deligne was fully prov'd against him, he denied all; but the next
day confeffing the whole matter, and retracting what he had faid the day
Spies barged. before, he and the Pitot were both Executed upon the common Gallows for
Spies.
The dreadful
Fire of Lon-
don.
The King and
the Duke of
York take
great pains to
prevent it.
Thus were the English f:cure enough from Forrein Enemies; but the City
of London had now to grapple with an Adverfary more powerful than all
their Machinations: For upon the ſecond of September, about one of the
clock in the Morning, broke out a molt fad and deplorable Fire in Pudding-
lane neer New Fish street; which falling out at that time of the Night, and
in a quarter of the City fo clofe, and built with Wooden Pitch'd Houſes,
fpread it felf before Day (o far, and with fuch diftraction to the Inhabitants,
that due care was not taken by them for the timely preventing the fur-
ther diffufion of it, by pulling down Houfes, as ought to have been; fo
that in a ſhort time the Fire began to be too big to be matter'd by any Engines
or working neer it. It fell out moſt unhappily alfo, that a violent Eatterly
Wind fomented it, and kept it burning all that Day and the Night following,
fpreading it felf up to Grace-Church-street, and downwards from Cannon-ſtreet
to the Water-fide as far as the Three Cranes in the Vintrey.
T
The People in all parts were diſtracted by the vaftneſs thereof, and their
particular care to carry away their own Goods; yet many attempts were at
length made to prevent the spreading of it, by pulling down Houfes, and making
great Intervals; but all in vain, the Fire feizing upon the Timber and Rubbiſh,
and fo continuing its progrefs through thofe fpaces,and raging in a bright Flame
all Mundy and Tucfday, notwithstanding the King and Duke of York took moſt
indefatigable pains night and day to apply all poffible remedies to prevent it.
At length, the Wind flackning on Tuefday-night, and the Flames meeting
with Brick buildings in the Temple, by little and little it was obferv'd to lofe its
force on that fide..
On Wedneſday morning, by the perfonal care and labour of the Duke of
York a top was put to it at the Temple-Church; as alfo neer Holborn-bridge,
Pic-corper, Alderfgate, Cripplegate, at the lower end of Coleman-street, the
hither end of Bishops-gate-street, at Leaden ball and the Stand in Cornbil, at the
Church in Fen-Church Street, at Cloathworkers-hall in Mincing lane, in the mid-
dle of Mark lane, and at Tower-Docks 2
}
い
​On Thursday it was wholly Extinguifht, but fo, as that Evening it burſt
out again at the Temple by the falling of fome fparkles upon a Pile of Wooden
building. But the Duke of York, who all that night watch'd there in Per-
fon, fo encourag'd the People with his prefence, that by blowing up the Hou-
fes about it, before day they moſt happily mafter'd it.
لود
السلام
Sufpected per- Two ftrangers Dutch and French, were during the Fire Apprehended and
foas Imprisoned Imprifon'd, and afterwards Examin'd by the Chief Juftice of the King's Bench,
affilted by the Lords of the Council; Though notwithstanding that fufpition,
it was most generally concluded to have been the Effect of fome unhappy
Chance, or, to ſpeak better, the heavy band of Heaven. About the Tower, the
ieaſonable Oiders, that were given for plucking down Houſes, to fecure the
Magazines of Powder, were more fucceſsful; that part being up the Wind,
though the Fire came almoft to the very Gates by which early plovilion,
the feveral Stores of War lodg'd in the Tower were entirely fav’daone
It
1666.
- 555
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
5
It was obferv'd, that this Fire firft happen'd in fuch a part of the Town, An Obfervation
where though the Commodities were not very rich, yet they were fo bulkie,
that they could not be well remov'd; fo that the Inhabitants fuftain'd no very
great loss of Goods: but the other parts of the Town, where the Com-
modities were of greater value, took the Alarm ſo early, that they fav'd the
greatest part of their richeſt Merchandizes; which did not a little diminiſh
the lofs.
Through this fad Accident, it is cafie to be imagin'd how many perfons The King takes
were neceffitated to remove their Goods into the open Fields, where they were care to relieve
forc❜d to continue fome time; therefore the King was frequent in Confulting the diſtreſſed.
all ways to relieve theſe diftreffed perfons, as well by his Proclamations, as Or-
ders to the Justices of the Peace, to fend Provifions to the Markets; Com-
manding the Victualler of his Navy to fend Bread into Moor-fields, which
for the more ſpeedy fupply, was fent in Bisket out of the Sea-ftores.
The Fire being thus happily quench'd, the King Proclaimed a General Faft AGeneral Faft.
through England and Wales; and order'd, that the diftreffes of thoſe who
had more particularly fuffer'd in that Calamity, ſhould be recommended to
the Charity of all well-difpofed perfons, upon that day, to be afterwards di-
ftributed by the hands of the Lord Mayor of the City of London.
And to thew his Pious Care for the Citics Reftoration, he paffed a Declara- His Majefties
tion in Council, wherein he first prohibited the haftie Building any Edifices, Declaration
till care could be taken for its Re-edification, fo as might beft fecure it from
the like Accidents.
That no perfon fhould Erect any Houfe or Building, but of Brick or
Stone.
That the moſt Eminent Streets ſhould be of a breadth; and that no fireèts,
eſpecially toward the Water, fhould be fo narrow, as to render the paffages
inconvenient.
That a fair Wharf fhould be left, all along the River-fide; no Houſes be-
ing to be built, but at ſuch a Diſtance; and none of thoſe Houſes to be In-
habited by Dyers, Brewers, or "Sugar-Bakers.
That an Exact Survey fhould be made of the Ruines, for the fatisfaction
of particular Interefts; and that a Model fhould be fram'd of the whole
Building.
He alſo Recommended the Re-building of the Churches to the Charity and
Magnanimity of well-affected Perfons. And for encouragement of others,
promis'd to Re-build his own Cuftom-Houfe, and to enlarge it, for the benefit
of Merchants: which he afterwards did accordingly, at his own Charge. He
also engaged to part with all his right and benefit upon all his own Lands,
for the Publick benefit; and, to remit the Duties arifing from Hearth-money,
for feven Years, to all that fhould Erect any New Buildings according to
his Declaration.
}
concerning the
Re-building of
the city.
vice about it.
Parliament re-
And therefore Valentine Knight, for prefuming to Print certain Propofitions val. Knight
for Re-building the City, with confiderable advantages to the Crown, was committed, for
Committed to Cuftody, as being repugnant to the Gracious offers of the dangerous ad-
King.
After this Diftraction in the City, the Parliament met at Westminster accor-
ding to the time limited at their laft Prorogation, to whom the King expreffed aflembles.
his fatisfaction, to fee them fo happily met again, making known to them, the
Progress and vaft Expenfes of the War, and the urgent occafion of fupply.
Whereupon the Houſe refolv'd, that the humble and hearty thanks of the
Houfe fhould be return'd to the King, for his great Care in the Manage- They thank the
ment of the War; and that they would fupply him proportionably to his king for his
Occafions: and afterwards in a Body attended the King in the Banqueting- care in the war.
Houſe, to fignifie the fame to his Majeſtys in order whereunto, they Voted
a Supply of 1800000. In relation to which, in January following they vote a Supply of
paffed an Act for raifing money by a Pole, and otherwife, toward the main-
Cccc
tenance
1800000 I.
556
1666.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
70
tenance of the prefent War: to which the King gave his Royal Affent in
the House of Lords. But that not being thought fufficient, they fo diligently
ply'd their bufinefs, that in February they paffed another Act, for granting
Another Supply the Sum of Twelve hundred and fitty thoufand three hundred and forty fe-
of 1250000 l. ven pounds thirteen (hillings, for the fame reaſons, and upon the fame ccca-
fion as the former.
}
And to fhew their readineſs to forward the Re-building of the City, they
paſſed another Act, for Erecting a Court of Judicature to determine all differen-
A Court of Judi-
Cature Erected, ces touching Houfes Burn'd or Demolish'd in the Fire; which, with an Act for
for deciding dif- the Relief of Priſoners, was the chief bufinefs of this Seffion: being upon the
ferences in the 8th of February Prorogu'd till the 16th of October following.
City.
His Majefties
Horfe-Guard
burwd.
That Fire which had lay'd the City of London in Afhes, now threatned the
City of Westminster, and the Kings Palace it felf; having by the misfortune of
a Candle falling into the ftraw, violently feized upon the Horfe-Guard in the
Tilt-yard over againft White-Hall, burning down the North-Weft part of the
Building, but being fo clofe under the King's own Eye, it was by the timely
help which the King and the Duke of Tork caus'd to be apply'd, in a very short
time flop'd, and wholly mafter'd.
*
About this time, complaint was made by feveral Merchants, of the ill dea-
lings of the Inhabitants of the Canary-Illands, in enhanfing the Prizes of
their Wines, Banishing the English Conful and Factors out of the Ifland of
Tenariff; publickly declaring against the Loading or Unloading of the English
Ships with other fevere dealings with the Merchants of England Trading
Proclamation thither. Upon confideration whereof, the King put forth a Proclamation,
prohibiting Im- Prohibiting the Importing of any Wines of the growth of the Canary-Islands,
portation of Ca- and all Trade and Commerce with thoſe Parts.
nary.
The Parlia
And at the fame time, another Proclamation came forth, Prohibiting the
Importation of any Manufactures, Wines, Merchandizes,or Commodities what-
foever, of the Growth of France, or of any Lands, Territories, or Places be-
longing to the French King.
*
No leſs care was taken for fuppreffing the Infolencies of the Papiſts, upon
the humble Addreſs of the Lords and Commons made to the King to that pur-
ments Addrefs
for Suppreffing pofe. And therefore all Popish Priefts and Jefuits were by publick Proclama-
Popish Infolen- tion likewife Commanded by a prefix'd time to depart the Kingdom.
cies.
Denmark.
'
t
And now the King, to juftifie his Breaking with Denmark, Publiſhed a
Deduction of all the Tranfactions of Affairs between Himfelt and the King
of Denmark; with his Declaration of War again't the faid King, and the
Motives that oblig'd him thereto : wherein the King alledges, that he had
Declaration of been unavoidably provok'd by the King of Denmark, by many Afperfions,
War against Indignities, and breach of Faith, which that King had offered him; making
the Affault made by His Majefties Ships in the Port of Berghen, the Ground
of his late entring into a League Offenfive and Defenfive with the States of
the United Provinces; whereas in truth, his Majefty had the Freedom of that
Port frankly offer'd him, by the King of Denmark himſelf, at a time when his
Majefty thought nothing of it; and that in order to the doing thoſe very Acts
of Hoftility wherewith he was then reproach'd. And for a good Omen of his
Majefties Success, in the beginning of November came News, That the Vice-
Admiral of Denmark was taken by fome of His Majeffies Frigats upon the
1
City Building
begins.
Prodigious
Coaft of Scotland.
}
}
"
Too long had the City now lain in Alhes, when Sir George Moore, a Pro-
prietor in fome Houfes in Fleetftreet, upon promife of conforming to the
Model, Form, and Scantling fet by the Committee appointed by the King
for that purpoſe, had liberty given him to begin that great Work; which was
foon after followed with that Expedition and Beauty, that none could ima-
gine, but they who beheld it-
1
It was a Year of Wonders, and this not the leaft which happen'd in the
Storms in Lin-County of Lincoln; where at a place call'd Welborn, after a Prodigious Thun-
coln-fhire.
.:
!
~der,
*
1666.
557
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
colnſhire.
der, with Hail-ftones as big as Pigeons eggs, there follow'd a Storm and Tem- Prodigicus
peſt with ſo great violence, that it threw down mott of the Houfes to the Storm in Lia-
ground, broke down and tore up Trees by the Roots, difperfing the Corn and
Hay: from thence going to the next Village call'd Willington, it threw down
fome Houfes, which with the fall kill'd two Children; thence proceeding to
Nanby, it fell fo violently upon the Church, that it dafh'd the Spire in pieces,
tearing and rending the Church it flf both inthe Body and Timber-work,lo that
it left little of the Wall ftanding with the body of the Steeple. It was obfer-
ved to run only in a Chanel, which had it held any confiderable breadth,
could not but have Ruin'd a confiderable part of the County.
freeze in.
But that which after fo many fevere Calamities reviv'd the Hearts of the
City, was the abfolute ceating of her devouring Enemy The Sickness in ac- Thanksgiving
A day of
knowledgment whereof, the King order'd a publick day of Thankſgiving. for the ceafing
In Scotland, there happen'd a Riot of no fmall confequence at Dumfreeze, of the Plague.
where ſome perſons having gathered the people of the Neighbouring Parithes, Ryot at Dum-
to the number of about two hundred, arm'd with Clubs and Sythes, took Sir Scotland.
James Turner out of his Bed, carried him naked into the Market-place, and
had much ado to be reftrain'd from cutting him in pieces, for his ſeverity, (as
they pretended) in exacting Fines upon Nonconformifts. Nor was this con-
temptible number long ere they increaſed to a confiderable force, in all 1600
men, and were marching within four miles of Edenburgb, when hearing that
the whole Country was up in Arms again them, they thought it more conve-
nient to returu, but being fet upon by Lieutenant-Colonel Dyel and Major-
General Drummond, neer Glencarn-Kirk, they were totally defeated, 500 lain
upon the place, and 100 taken Priſoners. Several of the Rebels were after-
wards Sentenced and Executed: among the relt, Corfon that firit began the
Mutiny, and Malkel their Minifter, à main Incendiary of the people; fo that in
a fhort time all things were reduc'd to their former quietness.
a
A
1
In imitation of England, the Barbadoes, another England in the other part
of the World, would not fuffer the fame Enemies of both to lie undisturb'd.
To which purpoſe,the Lord Willoughby Governour of the Caribby Islands, having
fet forth from the Barbadoes a confiderable Fleet, well Man'd and Victu
all'd, fet fail from thence upon fome particular defigne, and in his way The Lord Wil-
burnt two fhips richly laden in the Harbour of Los Santos, and took two loughby fets
ther Prizes: but as he was in pursuit of his further deligne, there aroſe a Hur- forth a Fleet
ricane fo violent, that their Cables giving way, they were, fore'd to abandon badoes.
from the Bar-
themſelves to the rage of the Storm, which continued, with that extremity, A Hurricane.
that they were wholly feparated and difperfed, and the Lord Willoughby him His Lordship
felf abfolutely loft.
130
..
107.
In January, the Convention of the Eftates of Scotland met according to Scotch Conven-
appointment, where the Oath of Allegeance, being adminiftred and taken by tron meets.
the feveral Members, they fell upon the publick concernments, as fecuring the
Kingdom from publick and Domeftick Dangers, and how to put the fame in
to a polture of defence and for the railing fo much Money as fhould be
thought convenient to defray the charge, and thereupon 60007. per Moneth
was agreed on, for the entertainment of fuch Forces as thould be employ'd i
his Majefties fervice.
ow
deltron
*
At Surinam
But in the parts neer Surinam, the Engliſh were more fuccefstul than at
the Barbadoes where they having, deffroyd and ruin'd a confiderable Cor better fucceß.
lony of the Dutch at Apecawaca, refolved to attempt fomething likewife
upon the French, and particularly to attack the Fort of Sinamary which they
took together with fifty Prifoners, and the Governour, befides, what were flain.
The English dismantled the Fort, and carried away, all the Guns and Am-
munition.
: ་
roger v ture i conned ai
1:,'མ
Captain Reade alfo paffing up the Canella toward the Berbices, a very po-
pulous Creek inhabited by the Enemy, he landed at Caratsen and marching
twenty miles by Land, took the Fort of the Arawaces, taking Men, Wo-
Cccc 2
men
358
1666.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1
1
1
The French
King affronted
by the Turk
ration.
1
men and Children Captives, and much Booty, with little or no lofs.
But though it were now December, fome English Veffels were ftill abroad.
And among the reit, Captain Robinson, who lighting upon three Dutch Men of
War neer the Texel, deftroy'd them all in requital of which curtefie,the Durch
not long after took the Saint Patrick off of Portsmouth, delerted by her own
Fire-fhip.
:
At the conclufion of the Year, Captain Vtbert return'd from the Streights
with the Squadron under his Command, and teven Dutch Prizes.
Forein Affairs, 1666.
The King of France having receiv'd a very high Affront from the Great
Turk in the perfon of his Embaffador, thought no way better than to fend
the fame perfon again, to require fatisfaction for the repair of his Masters
An Embalador Honour. But the Turk retaining in his minde the attempt upon Gigery, and
Sent for repa- the Succours fent the Emperour, would hearken to no Propofition that might
add to the Honour of his folemn Entry; fo that he was forc'd at laft to land as
it were Incognito, and privately attended to walk from the Ship to his Houfe.
He went with much pomp to his Audience, and at his Entry made ſeveral ſtops,
expecting the Vifier would have rifen to him; but finding no more refpe&t, he
fate down upon the Stool appointed for him, and in his Mafters Name, whom
he ftil'd Emperour of France, demanded more Honour to be done him. But
the Vifier incens'd with the manner of his demanding it, broke out into a paſ-
He is reviled, fion; which the French Embaffador refinting, rofe from his feat, and in going
away, threw the Capitulations with the Cafe 'over his Shoulder, which hic
the Vifter on the Breft's upon which, the Vifier commanded his Officers to ap-
prehend and ſtrike him ; which was accordingly performed, and he hurried
out of the Chamber, where he had received feveral boxes of the Ear, and blows
upon the Bréft, and was carried Prifoner to the Bashaw's Houfe, where he was
kept Prifoner in a bale low Room under the Stairs, and there detained four
days, till by the Interceffion of the English Embaffador he was deliver'd. The
King of France had fent a perfon of quality to be a Witnefs of the Great Turks
fubmiffion; but he became a fairer teftimony of his Embaffador's hard u-
fage.
Beaten, and
mprisoned.
C
***J
ን
ફ્
}
A
f
The Electors of Brandenburgh and Colen, the Dukes of Newburgh and Brunf-
wick laboured hard to finde out ways expedient for compoling the Differences
between the Bishop of Munster and the States of the United Provinces, and
with them the Emperour and the Princes of the Dyet at Katisbone 3 fo that
at length the Bishop, was over-perfwaded to conclude a Peace; which was ac-
cordingly fign'd toward the beginning of the Year, though he had received
100b66 Rix-dollars from the King of England for carrying on the War, but
if läſklä not long, for when the King of France became their Enemy, he broke
it again, which was not long after.
Wes
50 At Mufco, great alterations had like to have fallen out in matters of Reli-
gion. For a certain Fryar in his Sermons endeavouring to make the people
wifer than formerly they had been in that ignorant Country, among other
Doctrines that were new there, inftructed them, That Images fignihed po-
thing, and therefore were hot tabe worthipped. That the Saints know no-
Thing of our Prayers to them, and confequently were not to be call'd upon.
Which wrought To powerfully upon the people, that many hundreds of them
began to reform their ancient practice, and openly refuſed the ufe of Pictures:
•But a great party of Souldiers being lent immediately to reduce them from
their Heretic, frighted the generality into a Recantation: fome 20 perfifting
in their new Faith were burnt, and 30 more hanged to terrific the relt. This
“being the fecond attempt of this nature in that blinde part of the World.
!
Poland, the difference between that King and Lubomirskie ftill continu'd.
-wmi
کیا کیا
But
1666.
559
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
រ
But the generality of the Polish Nobility not only appeard to Mediate on his
behalf, but ſeeing no effect of their Mediation, entred into a Confederacy
with him, against the King. This brought the King to hearken to fome
terms of Agreement. But while both fides were at work bulie to contrive
it, the Royal Party endeavouring to pur a more ſpeedy end to thoſe Affairs,
attempted to have furpris'd the Confederates at unawares; but the Delign
was ſo timely diſcover'd, that Lubomirskie, by an Ambuſcado of his beſt Troops,
cut off above Five Thouſand of the Kings Souldiers, in fuch a place, where
the King, was fored to look on and behold the Slaughter of his men, with-
out being able to Affift them. Whether upon this occafion or no, uncer-
tain, but a Peace immediately enfued, between the King and the Confederates s
upon Condition, of a General Act of Oblivion, an Evacuation of Garrifons,
and the Confederates to be Diffolved. Soon after, Lubomirskie, with both his
Sons, kiſs›d the Kings Hands, and took the Oath of Fidelity.
Laft Year you heard how Sabaday the great upftart Prophet of the Jews,went
to Conftantinople, to demand the Land of Promife for the Jews: but upon his Ar-
rival, the Great Turk, confulting with his Mufti and one of his Judges what
to do with him, concluded, That he was to be dealt with as a Traytor to
the Ottoman Empire, and fo to be Flea'd alive; after which, the People fell
very feverely upon the Jews, and flew a great Number of them. But the
Sentence was refpited, and he only fent to the Priſon of the Seven Towers in
the Dardanelli, from whence he wrote a Letter to the Hebrews in Smyrna,
encouraging them to stand faſt in their Opinion; after that, taking upon him
the Title and Perfonage of a Great King and Prophet; infomuch, that ma-
ny Thouſands of his Religion made their Vifits to him in the Prifon. But
the Vifter taking notice of the great Confluence of People to him, and fearing
their Principles might lead them to fome Action prejudicial to the Govern-
ment, gave Order to bring him from the Dardanels to Adrianople, where be-
ing by a Learned Jew of his own Country, after ſeven days Conference with
him, found to be an Impostor, the Grand Vifter ſo wrought upon him by
Threats and Promifes, that he was content to lay his Royal Titles afide, and
to take a fervile. Employment upon him in the Grand Signiors Court; lea-
ving to his Country-men only Shame and Repentance.
- To vifit Sweden in the Circuit of this Year, we find the Swedish Prince
highly offended with the City of Bremen, for encroaching too much upon the
Priviledges of that Crown, and affuming upon themselves to be a free Mem-
ber of the Empire. After tedious Parleys, they come to Blows: Wran-
gle lays clofe Seige; but Brandenburgh, Lunenburgh, and the Dutch, Engage in
their Defence, bringing their Forces together for their Relief: the noife where-
of (for the Enemy now drew near) fo far wrought upon the Swede, that he
was willing to come to Compofition; and at length, Articles are agree'd up-
on, and the Siege rais'd, upon condition, That they fhould clayme no Vote
or Seffion in the Meetings of the nether Circle: That they fhould pay their
Contributions, as thereby directed: That the Works of the City built upon
the Kings Ground ſhould continue: That they ſhould forbear to use the Ti-
tle of a Free Imperial City. For other things, to enjoy their Cuſtoms, Privi-
ledges, and Ecclefiaftical and Civil Rights, as in the Treaty 1648.
But the Venetians have their Hands full, the Great Turk bending all his
Forces to the Conqueft of Candia. The Grand Vifier had already laid Siege
to the Great Town, and rais'd a Battery near the Lazaret, to hinder the Paffage
of the Venetian. Ships for its Reliefs and was fo offended with the Baffa of
Canţa and Candia Nova, that he took off their Heads, for being defective in
their Duties, as he pretended, the Summer before. The Venetians on the other
fide were very fedulous in the Defence of their Territories folliciting all
their Neighbouring Princes, and having already receiv'd great Encourage-
ments from the Pope and therefore the Event of the Siege was to be this Year
Difcoveed..
:
:
:
Anno
560
1867.
A brief Account of Transactions in
+
Mediation.
Accepted.
Anno Dom. 1667.
>
Swedes offer a THE Swedes had offer'd a mediation laft Year, between the King of En-
TH
gland, and the States of Holland; the refult whereof was, That the King
of England did accept of Breda for the place of Treaty; and would fend
for the Management thereof, the Lord Hollis, and Mr. Henry Coventry, lo leon
Ereda the Place as the Paffports neceffary for their Tranfportation fhould be ready: which
of Treaty.
being communicated by the Swedish Embaffadors, they embraced the Offer moft
willingly however, their preparations for fetting out their Fleet were car-
ried on with all imaginable diligence: which the King of England faw; but re-
folving that they ſhould wafte this Summer in a fruitless expence, ſtood on-
ly upon his own Guard.
A l'aliant Act
of Capt. Dawes
The English
Embaſſadors
enter Breda.
Some Ships the English had abroad, but not to do any confiderable Service,
but what their own Courage, when they accidentally fell in with the Enemy,
led them to among the reit, Captain Dawes in the Elizabeth, meeting with
15 Sail of Rotterdam Men of War, Fought with their Rear-Admiral of 64
Guns, and Five others' of 48 and 50 Guns; and prefently after, with the
Admiral of 70 Guns, and two of his Seconds; yet got clear of them all,
forcing the Enemy to lye by the Lee..
Not long after, the fame Frigat engaged with Two Danish Men of War of
40 Guns apieces where after four hours Fight, Captain Dawes was flain
with a great Shot yet had the heart to Cry, For God's fake, never yield the
Frigat: to thofe Fellows. Not long after, the Lieutenant being defperately
wounded, the Mafter fucceeding him flain, the Gunner took place, who fo
well ply'd the two Danes, that they Steer'd away to their own Shore; while.
the English Anchor'd within a Mile of them, to repair the Damages which
they had receiv'd. The next morning, though but badly ready, yet they re-
folv'd to expect the Danes again; who, though they were to Windward of
the English, and had the advantage of the Current, yet they would not at-
tempt any thing further; although the English thot off a. Gun in Defiance,
but could by no means come nigh them, and therefore bore away for Ex-
gland.
By this time, the English Embaffadours are Arriv'd at Breda, and had made
their Publick Entrie, which was very Solemn: they were met a Mile from
the Town by,200 Horſe, fent by the Governor with whom went the Com-
mander of the Town, in the Governors Coach: the Horfeled the Van, then
fixteen Pages on, Horſeback; and after them, four Trumpets, in the King of
England's Liveries after them, the Gentlemen of the Horfe to the Embaffa
dors, followed by the Marefchal of the Embaffie, who preceded the Embaffa-
dors Coach, which was very rich, drawn with fix Horfess befides three
others of their own, and the Governors. At the Gate4.af sthe Town
they were met and Complimented by the Governor, who paffed with them
in their own Coach to their Houfe: but while they were bafieat the Tranf-
actions of Peace, it will not be amifs to follow the Dutch Fleet in their Mi-
litary Progrefs...!
T
>
K
About the beginning of June, they appear'd abroad at Sea, with a con-
fiderable Fleet; and finding no Enemy to refiftum, they kept plying upon
the English Coalt, for many weeks together.' or aqui en autoes
tempts upon the They had toward the latter end of April, made an Attempt,y with a Squa-
Coal. Burnt dron of Ships
dron of Ships, upon Burnt: Iſland in Scotland; but were beaten off with
10land attemp- loíš.
ted.
The Dutch At-
And Sheerness
ditues
•
“嗤
​Their next attempt was upon the Platform at Sheer-Nefs; which being a
place of finall ftrength, and confequently unable to refift the Force of their
Artillery,
}
1667.
56 1
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Artillery, after a ftout refiftance made, was quitted by Sir Edward Sprague.
Animated with this Succefs, with 22 Sail they made up toward the Chain,
though with fome difficulty, feveral Veffels being funk about Muscle-Bank,
which was the narroweft part: Here, the Lord-General was in perfon with a
confiderable Force to oppofe them; however, the Enemy taking the advantage
of an Eaſterly Wind, and the Tide, prefs'd on; and though their first thip ſtuck
upon the Chain, the fecond brake through; and notwithstanding the ftout re-
fiftance which was there made, they clapt their Fire-fhips upon the Mathias and
Unity which lay as a Guard to the Chain, and then upon the Charles the Fifth,
all three Dutch Veffels, which had been formerly taken from the Enemy. The They feize the
fame day they poffeffed themfelves of the Royal Charles, which was twice fet RoyalCharles:
on fire by the Engliſh, and as often quench'd by the Enemy.
7
After this, with the fame advantage of Wind and Tide, they advanc'd
with fix Men of War and five Fire-fhips as far as Upnore-Caſtle; but were ſo
warmly receiv'd by Major Scot from the Caftle, and by Sir Edward Sprague
from the oppofite thore, that they receiv'd no fmall damage in their Ships, but
more in the loss of a great number of Men; yet before they retired, they burnt
the Royal Oak (having spent three Fire-fhips upon her) and much injur'd the Royal Oak
Loyal London and Great James, which had been funk before, and lay the
grea- burnt.
teit part under Water. In their return, two of their own Men of War ran
aground; though others fay, ſo diſabled by Upnore-Guns, that they could not Two Dutch
carry them off; and were hired, to prevent falling into the hands of the Eng- barat.
Men of War
liſh.
Upon this, Commiffioner Pett, the perfon who was intrufted with the Yard commiffioner
of Chatham, and all the Naval Provifions, was committed clofe Prifoner to Pett committed
the Tower. While he was there a Prifoner, he was twice Examin'd by the Lords
of the Council, for feveral great neglects, in not executing the Orders fent
him for the fafety and prefervation of the Ships in the River. Upon which a
Commiffion was iffu'd out under the Great Seal, for a further enquiry into the
whole matter.
The next attempt of the Dutch, was upon the River of Thames, into the The Dutch come
Mouth whereof they stood upon the 27th of June with 43 Sail, great and up into the Ri-
fmall, but made not any attempt more confiderable, than to fend fome few ver of Thamers
men afbore to fteal Sheep in the Marthes. Sailing downwards, one of their
Flag-fhips ran aground upon Blithe-Sands, where the lay till they were forc'd
to úniig hers
From bence failing toward Harwich, they landed 3000 men near Felstone- Dutch land
Cliff, with a Stand of Pikes: 2000 of them adventured to make two Affaults neer Harwich.
upon Languard Fort: the firit difpute lafted about three quarters of an hour, the
fecond one quarter; but they were forc'd to retire in fuch halte, that they left
all their Ladders behinde, being hardly able to carry off their Dead, which
were judged to be an hundred and fitty.
2
the Train'd
Bands.
While thefe Affaules were making upon the Fort, about 1200 that were left
behinde near the Cliff, to fecure their Retreat, were encounter'd by the Train'd Encounter'd by
Bands under the Command of the Earl of Suffolk; and a ſmart Skirmish pafs'd
between them, and continu'd till ten of the clock at night, and was again te-
new'd by the return of the beaten Companies from the Fort: but the Horle
not being able to come up, that Execution was not done upon them which o-
ther wife might have been
#
1 3:11
However, the Dutch would not ſtay for their coming, but as foon as their
Boats were afloat; they Embarqued with all the hafte they could, and returned
to their Fleete
i
1 J
J+
to Hull-Haven,
From hence they came up as far as Hull-Haven, where the Success then lying, They come up
with about eighteen other Men of War of the English, there happen'd a tharp are encounter'd
Engagement with a Squadron of the Enemy confifting of eight fhips. While by several hips
the Fight continu'd, one of our Fire-thips wrought up to one of theirs, and that lay there.
grapling together, both of them burnt down, but fo close to another of the
Enemies
1
562
1667.
A bzief Account of Tranfactions in
1
Dutch attempt
Do laud neer
Devonshire.
Enemies, that the tcok fire likewife, and blew up. In a fhort while after, ano-
ther of their fhips took fire, and burnt down: and after that, another of our
Fire-ſhips and one of theirs were both burnt, being grappled together. All the
time of this Fight, the Engliſh made good their place, infomuch that another
of their Men of War ran aground, and fir'd her felf; and another of their
Fire-ſhips was burnt, with the loss of one of ours. As they were about to
draw off, they fent one Man of War and four Fire-fhips toward the English;
but with fuch ill fuccefs, that the formoft of the Enemies Fire-fhips, fecing
the English ready with their Ketches to cut off their Long-boats, forfook the
Veffel, which was prefently feized by the English: the other three Fire-fhips
out of fear burnt themselves; which the Dutch Man of War feeing, retir'd to
the reft of the Fleet. But then the English Admiral with his own fhip bore
up to the whole Fleet of the Enemy, and fent out a Fire-fhip, which had
wrought her felf very neer one of the Enemies greateſt Men of War, being
ftoutly feconded by the Man of War; but being galled by the fhot of the
whole Fleet, they thought it convenient to come off. Upon this, the Engliſh
fall down to Gravefends the Dutch Anchor'd in the Hope, but durft attempt no-
thing further, though both the Wind and Tide ferved them. By this Engage-
ment, the Dutch were reduc'd from 24 or 25 Sail, to 14. the English from 19
to 15. This happened upon the third of June.
+
The next day they were purfu'd by Sir Edward Sprague, who was now re-
turn'd to his Command, to whom Sir Jofeph Jordan was alfo joynid from
Harwich with upwards of 20 Sail of fmall Frigats: but little or no action hap
pened, by reafon that the Dutch avoided any further Engagement, keeping (till
at a diftance.
{
Their next attempt was in Devonshire, where they endeavour'd to land at
Wenbury, but the Militia of the Country gave them fo warm a return of their
Wenbury in Vollies, that they immediately retir'd with all the fpeed they were able, to
their Ships. When this would not do, they fent another Boat with a White
Flag, defiring friendſhip, and leave to buy freſh Victuals: but being answered
that nothing of that nature could be done without leave of their Officer in
chief, they made another attempt with twelve Boats full of Men, to have lan-
ded neer Cawland in Cornwal, while their Fleet Anchoring within Mufquet-fhot
of the Shore, fpent their fhot in vain for above an hour, but were beaten off
by the Foot which were plac'd upon the Shore in expectation of their com
ing
Neer Cawland
in Cornwal.
Then they fent out another Boat with a White Flag and two Officers, defi-
ring to ſpeak with the Commander in Chief; who being brought before Sir
Jonathan Trelawney, they firft defird, from their General, to know what
News there was of Peace: Next, they defir'd to buy Provifions, excufing the
Hoftilities paft, as done without their Generals order, who had no Commiffion
to moleft or trouble any People on Lands offering the Faith of the Seven Pro-
vinces to any that fhould be fent aboard their Fleet for their fafety in going and
Sir Jonathan returning. Sir Jobs difmifs'd them with promife of a speedy answer: and
John
Trelawney, upon
upon confultation with the Earl of Bath, it was agreed that Sir Jonathan Tre-
Major Sparks, Tawney, Major Sparks, and Mr. Windbam fhould go aboard.
and Mr.
Windham,
feat aboard the
Dutch Admi-
ral.
Their Enter-
tainment.
t
ZBW HOUTEZA
At their approach, De Ruyter met them at the Boat-fide, and inviting them
aboard, faluted them with 13 Guns; excufing what had paft, and promiſing
for the future, that no other acts of that nature should be committed while he
continu'd on the Coaft. De Wit, Doleman, the Count de Horne, with above 20
attended the English at the Great Cabin, where they offer da
Captains more.
Prefent to De Ruyter for his own Table, but refus'd any greater fupply till
Peace should be Proclaim'd. Accordingly, upon their return the Earl of Bath
A Prefent ſent ſent the Admirala Prefent of freſh Provifions, with a fat Buck and fothe
De Ruyter. Fruits which De Ruyter receiv'd with leven Guns, as an acknowledgement.
Notwithſtanding De Ruyter's Complement, after he parted from Plymouth,
two of the Dutch Fleet came before the Harbour of Hoy, and advancing near
.
T
300A LIETU
}
the
1667.
563
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
the Shoar, ply'd with their Broad-fides certain Works that were newly rais'd
at the entrie of the Harbour; but after an hour and an half, they were forc'd
to retire, with feveral Shots receiv'd in their Hulls, and the lofs of one of Foy Harbour
their Top Mafts, and feveral men, without any lofs to the English. After Attempted.
this, they were only ſeen to hover about the Coafts, but without any farther
Attempts; and Peace enfud.
For about the beginning of June, the Embaffadours of England, France, and Plenipotentia-
Sweden, the Plenipotentiaries of the States and Denmark, repaird to the Caftle res meet, and
belonging to the Prince of Orange, where there was great care taken, to avoid Treat at Breda-
all contents about Precedency. A while after, Mr. Coventry, one of the Em-
baſſadors, being ſent over into England, and having receiv'd the King's An-
iwer and Refolution touching the Articles difcufs'd and agree'd to by the
Plenipotentiaries, return for Breda: ſo that upon the Twenty firft of June,
the Articles were figned by the Plenipotentiaries. And upon the Fourteenth Peac: Concla-
of August, the Ratifications of the Peace were enterchang'd: The Mediators ded.
firſt bringing in the Ratifications, and other Inftruments of the Dutch, French,
and Danes, into the English Embaſſadors Apartment, received from them theirs
in Exchange: Which done, the English Embaffadors went into the Apart-
ment of the Dutch and their Allies, where they made and receiv'd the Com-
pliments ufual upon the Conclufion of fo great an Affair. The Peace was
immediately Proclaim'd before the Doors of the feveral Plenipotentiaries, in
their reſpective Languages. Afterwards, upon the Twenty fourth of August,
it was publickly Proclaim'd in the City of London. And as if this had not
been enough, it was afterwards confirm'd by an Additional Treaty, made
and concluded by Sir William Temple, in January following.
Having thus purfu'd the Series of the Dutch War and Peace, other inter-
vening actions, muft not be omitted.
to take an AC-
count of Publick
It was murmur'd, that the Publick Treafure was wafted and miff-fpent; the Commiffioners
King therefore to ſatisfie the People, Iffued out a Commiffion to feveral Mem-
bers of both Houſes, to take an Accompt of fuch fums of Money as had been Moncy.
rais'd, and affigned to him, during the prefent War, being in all 24775001.
granted at feveral times, by feveral Acts; with full Power to call to Accompt
all Treaſurers, Pay-mafters, Receivers, and all other Agents and Perfons what-
foever.
And what had not been lately practis'd before by the King, this Year the
Feast of St. George was kept in his Palace of White-Hall.
The Earl of Southampton, Lord High Treaſurer of England, being now
The Office of
lately Dead, the King did not think fit to give the Place to any particular Lord High
Perfon for the prefent, but made the Duke of Albemarle, the Lord Ashley, Treasurer in the
Sir Thomas Clifford, Sir William Coventry, and Sir John Duncomb, by a Com- Hand of Com-
miflion under the Great Seal, his Commiffioners for executing that Office: miffioners.
The Parliament had met according to the Kings Proclamation, in July; but
were then Prorogu'd again, till the Tenth of October at which time being Parliament meta
again Affembled, the King gave for one reafon of his laft Prorogation, That
it was to give himſelf time to do ſome things in the mean time, which be hop’d
would not be unwelcome to them, which be bad fince done: leaving his other
Reaſons to be deliver'd by the Lord Keeper; who not only afterwards en-
larg'd upon the King's Reafons for the faid Prorogation, but alfo recom-
mended to them the Obstructions of Trade, and the fettlement of fuch a
Ballance of Trade between England and Scotland, that neither we ſhould be
prejudic'd by the Import of their Commodities here, nor they put to feek new
places of Vent abroad. As to the Money rais❜d for the War, he told them
what the King had done, in reference to calling all Perfons to Account; and
had committed the Examination thereof to themſelves, to follow their own
Method; adding withal, that if any grievances had happen'd, his Majefty
would be as willing to have them Redrets'd, as they to have them Repreſented;
not doubting, but that they would endeavour to Imprint the known Truth
Dddd
into
564
1668.
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
1
1
into his Subject hearts: that there was no diftinct Intereft between the King
and his People.
The Commons taking into Confideration the King's Speech, refolv'd to re-
turn him their humble Thanks; to which purpoſe, having obtain'd the Con-
currence of the Lords, the Two Houſes in a Body attended the King in the
Banqueting Houfe, where the Lord Keeper, in the Name of the Two Houfes
made known to the King,
That they, His Majefties Loyal and Faithful Subjects, having taken into their
ferious Confideration the Speech, wherein he was pleas'd to let them know
the reafons of their last Prorogation, which was to give himself time to do fome
things which would not be unwelcome to them, but be a Foundation of a grea-
ter Confidence for the Future, between the King and them: They found themfelves
in duty bound to give him thanks; and particularly, for that he had Disbanded
the New-rais'd Forces: that he bad difmift the Papilts from his Guards, and other
Military Imployments: for his Care in quickning the Execution of the Act re-
firaining the Importation of Canary: That He had feen the Canary Patent Va-
cated: And Laftly, for his difplacing the Lord Chancellor.
But the Parliament having Sate till the Middle of December, paſs'd ſeveral
Acts; among the reft, An Act for taking an account of the feveral Sums of
Money therein mention'd. An Act, for Banishing and Difenabling the Earl
of Clarenden; to which, when the King had given his Confent, by Commiffi-
Parl.Adjourned on, they Adjourn'd till February.
man.
And becauſe it was a general Complaint among the Seamen and Souldiers.
Commiffioners
appointed to
who had been in Service, that they were frequently conſtrain'd to give mo-
hear the com- ney, or lofe fome part of their Wages to recover the reft, the King therefore
plaints of Sea- for the more effectual Redreſs of fuch abufes, if any were, appointed the Duke
of York, and feveral of the Lords of the Council, to receive and hear all fuch
Complaints as any Sea-man or Souldier fhould make of any Exactions practised
upon them by any of the Officers, Sub-Officers, or Clerks in the Navy-Office,
or Treasury-Office: that if the fame fhould appear to be true, Juftice might
be done upon the one, and Satisfaction given to the other.
death.
About this time dyd Mr. Abraham Cowley, one of the chiefeft Ornaments
Mr. Cowley's of this Age, whofe Immature Death, fucceeding Ages will lament, when they
finde what Treaſures they have loft, by his untimely Fate. His temperate
Life did not deferve fo fhort a Period: But Heaven perhaps, thought he had
done enough, that could not well do more, than make himſelf Immortal.
His Body was convey'd from Wallingford-Houfe to Westminster-Abbey, at-
tended by many Perfons of very great Quality: over whofe Grave, has been
face Erected a ftately Monument, to Eternize his Memory.
1
Harmon in the
:
In America, the French had a Defign upon Mevis, having drawn out all
their Forces from Martenico, Guadaloup, and St. Christophers; ſtrengthen'd alſo
with an additional force of their own, and two Dutch Men of War, being in
all 32 Sail: but being encountred by 10 Sail of the English, who were fent
Dutch beaten by Lieutenant General Willoughby for the relief of the Ifland, the English
by Sir John fo fmartly Encountr'd them, that he Chaſed them home to St. Christophers.
Upon the Return of the English to Mevis, they found Sir John Harman new-
ly Arrived there, with feven Men of War, and two Firefhips, who under-
ftanding what had happen'd, refolv'd to fall upon them in their own Ports;
which he did fo effectually, that he burn'd their Admiral, and fix or feaven
of their beſt Ships more; the reft, all but two, were funk, partly by the induſtry
of the Enemy, partly by the Shot of the English Ships: in which Service, the
English loft not above 80 Men, with little damage to their Veffels.
Weft-Indies.
From the other Indies two fhips about this time arriv'd under the Convoy of
Sir Jeremy Smith, who having been cruifing in the Streights the most part of
the Summer, had met with no opportunity of confiderable action, more than
to
1667.
}
565
England, Scotland and Ireland, &.
to keep the Dominion of the Seas. However, at length he made a ſhitt to meet
with two Dutch Eaft-Indie-Prifes outward bound, which he brought home; re-
turning into St. Helens-Road toward the end of September.
Nor did the Dutch at any time Triumph where the number was not too un-
equal, as appeared by the fuccefs of fix of our ſmaller Frigats, who falling in
with three Holland Man of War of 42, 36, and 30 Guns, and two Merchant-
men to the Northward, took the thice Men of War and one of the Merchant-
men, being forc'd to quit the other, upon view of a whole Squadron of the E- Men of war
nemy.
Three Dutch
and a Prize
At home, the King had notice of the great concourfe of very many perfons taken.
of the Romish Religion to the Chappels of St. James and Somerset houſe;
and therefore gave order in Council, That if any of his Subjects, not being of Proclamation
the Families of the Queen, or Queen-Mother, or of Forrein Embaſſadors, againſt Papifts.
fhould repair to hear Maſs or perform any Exerciſes of the Romish Religion,
that they thould be feverely profecuted, and fucts punishments inflicted upon
them, as by Law were provided.
And for the better diſcovery of fuch as were addicted to Popery, the Lord
Keeper was Authoriz'd to iſſue out Commiffions of Dedimm Poteftatem, for
adminiftring the Oaths of Allegeance and Supremacy in all places of England
and Wales, where they had not been already granted by the Lord-Chancel-
lor.
The abuſes alfo of the Company of Woodmongers were look'd into, and
upon frequent confultations thereupon had, it was thought fit, that for the con- charter deman
Iroodmongers
veniency of the Publick, their Charter ſhould be furrender'd; which when ded.
they peremptorily refus'd to do, the Atturney-General was order'd to proceed
against them by Quo Warranto, and by Information in the Crown-Office.
The City began to rife with more fplendor now than ever, which the King
to forward as much as in him lay, as foon as the Foundation of the Royal
Exchange was appointed to be laid, was pleaſed to be prefent and affifting at His Majefy
the Solemnity; His Majefty there placing the firft Stone with the ufual Cere- lays the first
Stone of the
Royal Exchange.
monics.
Not long after, the Duke of York, attended with feveral perfons of Honour,
went into the City, and being honourably receiv'd by the Lord Mayor and Al-
dermen, with the ufual Ceremonies upon fuch occaſions, laid the firft Stone for The Duke of
a fecond Pillar: which gave fo great an encouragement to the Workmen, that York the fe
never did fo large a Structure go on with greater Vigour.
The remaining part of the Year was more for Counfel than Action: And
therefore the King, for the better regulating affairs for the future, among other
Important parts thereof, taking into his confideration the ways and methods of
managing matters at the Council-Board, eftablish'd feveral ftanding Committees
for ſeveral bufineffes, with regular daies for their Affembling.
cond.
And not content to have Peace at home, His Majefty, to fhew himſelf a Me-
diator among his Neighbours, fent his Embaffador the Earl of Sandwich on Earl of Sand-
that Grand Errand of making Peace between Spain and Portugal, who ſoon af- wich fent to
ter he had his diſpatches, arriv'd at Lisbon.
Portugal. Ja-
He no fooner had had his Audience, but upon the refignation of the former nuary 22.
King, the Infanta his Brother took poffeffion of the Scepter. However, fo
well he manag'd his employ, that in a fhort while after the Articles were fully
agreed on between the two Crowns of Spain and Portugal, and the Ratification
mutually exchang'd between the faid Embaffador of England and the Spaniſh
and Portugueze Commiffioners, and foon thereupon publiſh'd both at Madrid
and Lisbon.
The Infolencies of private Men of War were about this time very great, February.
and therefore the King taking into confideration, as well the fafeguard and pro-
tection of his own Subjects as of his Allies, the difturbances of Commerce, and
the diminution of his own Revenues in his own Ports and Harbours, fet forth
a Proclamation, commanding an inviolable Tuce and Ceffation in his own
Ports, Havens and Roads.
Dddd 2
That
t
1.
:
566
1667.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1
}
Proclamation
10 binder the
roving of pri-
vate Mien of
WG.
February.
Count de Dona
the Swedish
Embassador
dies in Eng-
Land.
Maritime
League conclu-
ded with the
Dutch by Sir
Wil. Temple.
Charles the
fecond laun-
ched, March 3.
1669%.
Proclamation
That his Subjects by Sea and Land should do their utmost to binder the roving
and hovering of any Men of War neer the Entry of any of his Ports or Harbours.
That if any Men of War of one fide, came into any Port where were Merchant-men
of another party, the Merchant men should be fuffer'd to depart two Tides before
the Men of War. That no Privateer with forrein Commiſſion ſhould stay above 24
bours in any of his Majelties Ports or Harbours. That none of his Majeftus Sub-
jects ſhould contract or deal with any forrein Man of War. That no Mariner or
Officer, being the King's Subject, should prefume to put himself into the fervice of
any forrein Prince or State.
Toward the beginning of this-Moneth, the Parliament, according to their
Adjournment, met. At which time, the King coming to the Houſe of Lords,
directed his Speech to both Houfes, telling them, that he had made a League
Defenfive with the States of the United Provinces, with a League alfo for an
Efficacious Mediation of Peace betwixt the two Crowns, into which Sweden
had offer'd to enter as a Principal. Then putting them in minde of his vaft
Expences paſt, and neceffarily to enfue, by the building of Ships, and ſetting
out another Navy, he defir'd their speedy affiftance ith Money. Laftly, he
recommended to their care to confider of a courfe how to beget a better Union
of his Proteftant Subjects.
After this Peace with the Dutch, enfued the Peace with Spain; not only re-
newing the ancient Friendflip, but enlarging the Trade and Commerce be-
tween both Kingdoms, concluded in May laft, and this Moneth Proclaimed in
England.
Toward the beginning of the Moneth, the Count De Dona, Embaſſador Ex-
traordinary from the Crown of Sweden, arriv'd at London; but before he had
concluded his Negotiation, died in May following.
Toward the latter end of the Moneth, Sir William Temple, Envoy Extraor-
dinary from his Majefty to the States of the United Provinces, having exchang-
ed the Ratification of the late concluded League, concluded another League
concerning Maritime Affairs; and having fent it into England for confirmation,
departed from Holland for Bruffels.
The third of this Moneth was Launch'd that Famous Ship, ftill known by
the Name of Charles the Second.
This Moneth alſo, upon the Petition of the Cominons in Parliament, a Pro-
clamation was iffu'd forth, to enforce the Laws againft Conventicles, and for
against Papiſts. Preſerving the Peace of the Nation againſt unlawful Affemblies.
Forein Affairs, 1667.
+
A Gentleman of Savoy, having his Head cut off at Geneva, for fome Crime
committed there, the Duke of Savoy did fo exceedingly refent their Procee-
dings, (which he affirm'd to be both againſt the laſt Treaty between that City
and him, and againſt the Law of Nations) that he was refoly'd to employ
his Arms against them. The City of Geneva appeald to the Switzers, who
in a Dyet at Baden, as well of the Roman-Catholicks as Proteftants, where
were alſo prefent the Embaffadors of the Emperour and King of Spain, una-
nimoufly refolv❜d to give their Affiftance to Geneva. The Emperour's Embal-
fador declar'd the like in the Name of his Mafter, who was oblig'd, to protect
Geneva as an Imperial City, being unjustly affaulted by a Prince of the Empire.
The Spanish Embaſſador deliver❜d himſelf alfo in their favour.
}
But the main Affair which alarm'd the Princes of Europe, was the pretenfion
which the King of France made to the Spanish Netherlands, and his great prepa-
rations to get the poffeffion of what he laid claim to, by force of Arms. Ca-
fle-Rodrigo reprefented to the King of France the fcandal which would be given
to
1667.
567
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
to all the World, when they should fee him engaged in a War against a Exother
of only fix years of age, and a Regency fubordinate to the Laws of a Teftator,
without any form of Juftice, or demand of fatisfaction: That he doubted not
but the Queen his Miftrifs would willingly refer her felf to the Princes of the
Roman Empire, to the Crown of England, or the United Provinces: And there-
fore left it to his confideration how unjult it would be to attempt any Invafion
without thofe Formalities and Interpofitions which the Chriftian Princes had
always obferved.
Of this the King of France takes little notice: for he thought he had done e-
nough a little before,by his Letter to the Queen of Spain, wherein he wrote to her,
that he could not but know the right which the Queen his Wife had to ſeveral
Territories of the Netherlands; which the knowing to be folid, had defir'd her
Majeſty to take particular Cognizance of, and do her Juſtice therein.
That the
in her Anſwer had not only pretended that fhe could not upon any confidera-
tion of that Affair enter into a difcuffion thereof, but had fent Orders to the
Governour of Flanders to adminifter the Oath of Fidelity to be adminiftred to
all the States and People of that Country; which being an abfolute refuſal of
doing him Juſtice, had put him upon a neceffity of being wanting to his Ho-
nour, to himſelf, to his Queen, and the Dolphin his Son, thould he not by force
of Arms endeavour to obtain that reafon which had been denied him.
The Queen of Spain returns for Anſwer, that the King of France could not
be ignorant of the juft Rights of the King her Son: however, that ſhe was
willing to enter into an Amicable Treaty, wherein the Rights of her Son and
Him might be feaſonably examin'd, fo that Juftice might take place by the
ways and incans moft proper.
But the King of France, not liking thefe delays of Words, falls into the
Spanish Territories in the Netherlands, and takes Tournay, Doway, Bergen St.
Winox, Courtrich, Oudenard, and Lille; and almoft wholly reduces thofe parts
under his Jurifdiction: and befides all this, he defeats a great part of the Spa-
niſh Army under Marcin, killing 2000 upon the place, and purfuing the reſt
to the very Walls of Damm.
On the other fide, he fends the Duke of Crequi with a Body of 8000 men,
to fecure Alfatia, and to prevent any Succours that the Emperour might ſend :
And hearing that his Forces were upon their March, commanded the Prince
of Conde, as Generaliffimo of that place, to fend a ſupply to Crequi to lie in
their way.
Toward the latter end of the Year, he fell into Franche Comte, where the
Prince of Conde took Beffanfon, Dole, Gray, Beterans, Rochefort, and ſo many
other places, that by the latter end of February the Conqueft of that place was
wholly compleated.
Though the Swedes ftood firm to England during the War, yet now that
the King of England had concluded a Peace with the Dutch, they alfo did the
fame.
The chief Conditions of the Treaty were, That Swedeland fhould give up
all their pretenfions upon account of the Fort Cabo Corfo in Guiny, and the Ship
Chriftina.
That the Swedes fhould give up all their Rights to the Eaft-Indies, and neither
directly nor indirectly fail into thoſe Coafts upon the account of Trade; For which
the King of Sweden ſhould receive from the Dutch the ſum of 140000 Crowns.
This Year, toward the latter end of May, died Pope Alexander the 7th, in
the fixty ninth year of his Age, and the twelfth of his Papacy. In his place,
after ſeveral warm diſputes, was at length chofen Julio Rospigliofi of Piſtoya,
Secretary of State to the late Pope deceaſed. He entred upon the Chair in
the 71 year of his age, by the Name of Clement the ninth.
As for the Venetian, he had his hands full this year, the City of Candy being
now cloſely Befieged, but though it were with greater numbers Affaulted, it
was with greater courage all this year defended.
:
f
Nor
1
لم
1
568
1668.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1
Nor was Poland free from the Irruptions of the Tartars, who had almoſt de-
feated the Polish General Sobieskie, but that he made a timely Peace with them
upon condition of a general Oblivion, relcafe of Pritoners ou both fides, and a
fum of Money to be paid them.
1
a Tumult.
Anno Dom. 1668.
}
Oward the end of March, feveral idle perfons in and about the City being
Preatices make Targether, and abuling the Liberty given 'am by the Holy-days, it be
ing then Eafter-week, tumultuously took upon'um to pull down Houſes of ill
fame about the Suburbs, according to former practifes though their chief de-
figne was to Steal and Plunder: Some mifchief they did, and more intended,
had they not been difpers'd by the Guards of Horfe. The Scandal lay upon
the Prentices, but afterwards it appear'd otherwiſe. Four of the number that
were apprehended, were upon Tryal found Guilty, and Executed, two of their
Heads being fet upon London-Bridge.
May 1668.
His Majesty
goes to the
Houfe, fignes
feveral Bils,
and adjourns
the Parliament.
Lord Vaughan
Chief-Juftice.
June 1668.
burnt.
The twelfth of this Moneth, the King went to the House of Lords, where he
was preſented by the Houſe with ſeveral Bills; the chief whereof was one for
the railing of 3100001. by way of Impofition upon Wines and other Liquors;
which being pafs'd with the reft, the Parliament was adjourn'd till the 11th of
August next enfuing.
1
X
The place of Lord Chief-Juftice of the Common-Pleas being vacant, Sir John
Vaughan was at the latter end of this Moneth folemnly Sworn Serjeant at Law,
and being the next day advanc'd to the vacant Dignity aforefaid, took his place
accordingly in Court.
This Moneth arrived News, that came then too foan, of the burning of the
Bridge Town Bridge-Town, being the chief place of Trade in the Barbadoes; the Fire not on-
ly confuming the greateſt part of the Houſes, but alfo blowing up the Magazine,
to the great detriment of the publick, as well as private perlons. But as it fares
with moft convenient Situations, all hands going to work, it quickly flourished
again, being above half rebuilt before the latter end of the year.
Auguſt 1668,
Sir William
Godolphin
His Majefty had his Embaffadors or Envoys in moft other parts of Chriften-
dom, only Spain; and therefore having first conferi'd the Honour of Knight-
Knighted, and hood upon Sir William Godolphin, hs made choice of him to refide as his Em-
made Refident baffador in the Court of the Catholick King, fending him away with all con-
Embajador in venient (peed..
Spain.
1
Sept. 168.
}
3
And to keep a Correſpondence with the Grand Signior, for the good of the
Merchants, Sir Daniel Harvey was fent much about the fame time Embaffador to
Conftantinople!
!
Thefe were no fooner gone, but Monfieur Colbert arriv'd at London, as Em-
baffador from the King of France. ·
At the beginning of this Moneth, the Duke of York went for Dover, neer
which place, in a Tent erected for that purpoſe, he took the ufual Oath of War-
den of the Cinque Ports.
/ 17.
And to fhew that his Majefty was not unmindful of keeping a Watch up-
on the Proceedings of the Netherlands, it was not long after, that Sir William
Temple, now the King's Embaffador Extraordinary in Holland, made his pub-
lick Entry into the Hague, and had his Audience of the Deputies of the States
It was in August expected the Parliament fhould have met again; but the
King by his Proclamation for great and weighty confiderations, adjourn'd them
to the tenth of November enfuing.
Duke of Mun-
In November, upon the Refignation of the Lord Gerrard, the Duke of Mon-
mouth made mouth receives the Command of the Life-guards of Horfe, being openly con-
Captain of the ferrd upon him by the King,buhaoubt onts
Horfe-Guards.
་
!.
Some
1
1669..
569
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Some few days after Pietro Mocenigo, Embaffador from the Republick of Ve- Venetian Em-
nice, made his publick Entry, and had Audience of his Majefty.
basador has
Audience.
And now Mr. Secretary Maurice growing old, and tir'd with State-Affairs,
craves leave of the King to make a refignation of his most important employ-
ment; which being confented to by his Majefty, Sir John Trever Knight fuc- Sir John Tre-
ceeded him, who at the fame time taking the ufual Oaths of a Privy-Councel- vor made Se-
lor, foon after was admitted to take his place at the Council-board.
cretary.
Nor was the King lefs careful of the Church than State; this Moneth be-
ing famous for the Confecration of that Learned Prelate Dr. John Wilkins Bi- Dr. Wilkins
ſhop of Chester, in the Chappel of Ely-Houfe.
Bishop of Che-
fter.
His Majesty's Navy, though confiderable, had done little elſe but ſhew'd its
Grandeur all this Summer; when on a fuddain Sir Thomas Allen, being di-
ſpatch'd for the Mediterranean, appears before Argier; where though at first they
ftood upon their terms, yet when they faw him preparing to ufe force, their
Stomacks began to come down, fo that they immediately offer'd a releaſe of all Sir Thomas
the Captive Engliſh which had been taken by them belonging to Tangier. Peace with
They also agreed to the former Peace made between the King of England and Argier.
them, with fome additions, which were figned by them and Sir Thomas Allen,
to this effect.
That all their Captains fhould be commanded to let all English Veffels pass with-
out damage or moleftation, upon their fhewing English Colours. If in any Veffel the
Engliſh were equal to the Strangers, then they should be free; if the Strangers ex-
ceeded the English, then Lawful Prize; however, if they fhew'd an English Paß,
to be let go.
That none of their little Frigats with Oars ſhall stop any Veffel laden with Pro-
vifions or Ammunition for Tangier.
That they shall not deliver any of their little Frigats with Oars to any of the
Salley-men to make use of
That if any of their little Veſſels intended for Tangier, they ſhould take a Paß
from the English Conful at Argier.
From thence he failed for Tripoli, at whofe appearance the King of the place
fent out a Brigantine and a Favourite of his to bid him welcome, affuring him
of his readiness to keep and maintain the ancient Friendſhip, and continue the
Articles already agreed on.
Allen made
Decem. 1668.
The Parliament, who had adjourn'd themſelves to the first of March, were
about the middle of this Moneth by the King's Proclamation Prorogu'd, for Parliament
many weighty and urgent reafons, till the tenth of October following.
Prorogu'd.
The Births of Princes and Princeffes, oftentimes the fubjects of Great Hifto- Jan. 1663.
ries,are never to be omitted: Therefore was this Moneth not a little fignalized, Dutches of
feeing the Dutchess of York was, about the middle thereof deliver'd of a Daugh- York brought
ter, which was Baptized by the Name of Henrietta by the Arch-Bifhop of to bed of a
Canterbury; the Duke of Ormond affifting as Godfather, the Marchionefs of Daughter.
Dorchester and the Countess of Devonshire being honour'd for Godmothers.
The King in teftimonie of his Amity with Spain, had fent Sir Edward Sir Edward
Sprague as his Envoy to complement the Conftable of Caftile upon his Entry Sprague fent
upon the Government of the Spanish Netherlands who having perform'd what into Flanders.
he had in charge, returned at the latter end of this Moneth.
That which compleated the double date of this Year, was the coming of The Duke of
the Prince of Tuscany to compleat his Travels by a view of England, where Tufcany ar
after he had been magnificently Treated by the King himſelf, both at London and rives in Eng-
Windſor, and in many other Cities and places, by feveral of the Nobility and
perfons of Quality of this Kingdom; he departed for Holland, and fo to his
own Country.
וי
land.
.L
Forrein
·570
1667.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
་་
T
Forrein Affairs, 1668.
The Differences at Avignon being compos'd, the Citizens fent two Em-
baffadors, one on the behalf of the Nobility, the other of the Commonalty, to
Rome; who being admitted into the prefence of the Pope, fware Fealty to him,
after the ufual manner; and fhew'd their great Satisfaction of the choife
which the Pope had made of Cardinal Ropigliofi his Nephew to Refide there,
as his Legate.
:
France may be thought to have no kindneſs for the Jefuits; however, the
moft Chriftian King could not be faid to do amifs, not to let 'um Triumph
over their Superiors for Complaint being made, that the Jefuits in the Di-
ocefs of Fambers had refus'd to give Obedience to the Biſhop of that Dioceſs
the King gave leave to the Biſhop to proceed againſt them by Excommu-
nication, according to the Priviledges of the Gallicane Church: whereupon,
the Bishop fufpended them from all their Functions, forbidding them to
Preach, Teach, or Confefs any perfon, within the Territories of his Dio-
cefs.
The King of France being now Maſter of feveral Towns of Flanders, late
under the Jurifdiction of the Spaniards, and having totally reduced the Coun-
ty of Burgundy under his Subjection; of which, in favour of the Prince of
Conde, he immediately granted two Reverfions, one to the Duke D'Enguien
Son of the faid Prince, and the other to the Duke of Bourbon his Grand-
Child; thought it convenient to liften to the Mediation then proffet'd by fe-
veral Princes of Europe; chiefly, by the King of England, and the States of
the United Netherlands: fo that a Treaty was concluded upon, and Aix la
Chapelle appointed the Place for the Commiffioners to meet in.
In the mean time, while the Spaniards lay upon their Demurs, a League
was Concluded by the Mediation of the Earl of Sandwich, the King of En-
glands Embaffador at Lisbon, between the two. Crowns of Spain and Portugal
a League of fincere and perpetual Peace, containing a Releaſe of Priſoners,
Nullity of Confifcations, Freedom of Commerce; and fuch other ufual
Articles which were in Six Months after Publication, to be Confirm'd and'
Ratifi'd by the King of Great Britain.
And now, as if the General Defign of Europe were Peace, the Com-
miffioners meet at Aix la Chapelle; for the King of England,Sir William Temple;
for the Dutch, Mr. Bevernings for the French, Monfieur Colbert; for the King of
Spain, the Baron of Bergeick; who having fome time before Sign'd Provi-
fional Articles, in order to a final Conclufion, whereby a fufpenfion of Arms
was granted, and the March of the French Army Countermanded; at length,
fell ſeriouſly to their Work, fo that by the fecond of May, the Articles of
General Peace were fign'd by the Plenipotentiaries of both Kings; and af-
terwards, Proclaim'd through all the Chief places of France, Spain, and Flan
ders, to the general content of Europe, and fatisfaction of the Mediators.
་
*
But notwithstanding this fair Peace, the Spaniards did not like the Neigh-
bourhood of the, Frenchs and therefore would have made an Exchange of
fome other Territories of theirs lying farther off, for that of Franche Comté.
On the otherfide, the French not fatisti'd with what they had got, Claimed
feveral Towns, as dependencies upon their late Conquefts; as the Towns of
. Conde, Newport, and other places. Hereupon, to end thefe differences, and to
fettle the bounds of the French Jurifdiction, Commiffioners are appointed to
Le meet at Lille but they determine nothing upon which, the French King
makes a pofitive demand of all that he Challeng'd; and the Spaniards Or
der the feveral Commanders to have a care of the Defence of their ſeveral
Charges. In which pofture, we leave um hatching new Difcords for this
Year.
.
Leaving
1
1668.
571
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Leaving theſe great Actors upon the Stage of the World, we are com-
ing to one who is making his Exit; for the King of Poland, at the begin
ning of the Year, bad fignified to the publick Dyet of that Kingdom his Re-
folution to make a Refignation: many applications were made to him, whe-
ther Real, or out of Ceremony, not here to be determin'd, that he would
pleafe to change his purpoſe; and fome other delays happen'd, as in a mat-
rer of fo great importance, fo that the Ceremony was not perform'd till Sep-
tember; at which time, the King appearing in the publick Affembly, and in
a pathetick Speech infifting on his misfortune to meet with fuch bad times,
and defiring pardon for what had been done amifs during the time of his
Raigu, departed oat of the Affembly, and in his own Coach, leaving the Ca-
file, went to a private Houſe he had in the City. The Nobility would have
attended him, but he refus'd it.
But there were enough that ardently coveted what he had fo calmly for-
faken. The Duke of Muscovy was urgent for his own Son: The Emperour
for the Prince of Lorrain: And the French King for the Duke of Newburg,
a Creature of his own. But the Pole refus'd all, but more eſpecially the
French, whofe Embaffador, the Bishop of Bezieres, they would not endure
fhould ſtay in the Kingdom, to have any finger in the Election: Nor was
any thing this Year concluded. In Holland, Monfieur Carifius put a very
hard Riddle to the States, When they would be pleas'd to pay his Majefty,
the King of Denmark, ſeveral ſums of Money, which he pretended to be
due upon Promife; particularly, 400000 Rixdollars from the States of
Holland, and 14000 from thofe of Amfterdam. This Queſtion occafion'd
many Debates and Conferences, and was at length put to the Arbitration of
the King of France.
Now for varieties fake, and to fhew there was fome Juſtice at Kome, I muſt
not omit an Act of the Pope at this time raigning: A Complaint being Ex-
hibited to his Holiness, by a perſon of Tivoli, that whereas he had liv'd feve-
ral years with his Mother, with great content and farefation, upon an E-
ftate of 1500 Dollars per Annum; His Mother falung fick; was during her
fickneſs ſo far prevail'd upon by a Jefuit, her Confeffor, that the nad by Will
given away all the Eftate to the Order, not referving any thing for the fub-
fittance of him (her Son). The Pope extreamly diffatisfi'd with this Com-
plaint, fent for his own Confeffor, and in very fevere Language commanded
him to finde out the General, and in his Name to require him to write to the
Superior at Tivoli to reſtore the Petitioner his Land again.
·
Nor must we 'omit, now we are at Rome, the Canonization of an American
Virgin, named Rofa, a Nun in a Covent of St. Dominick: For every body in
England does not underſtand, what a glorious thing it is to be made a Saint.
The Church was hung with Tapiftry, and Infcriptions, in honour of the New
Saint on the Altar ftood het Image; and about it, the Arms of the Pope,
the King of Spain, the Kingdom of Peru, and this Religious Dominican.
During the Te Deum, one of the Cannons of St. Peters Church was fir'd; a
great number of Drums and Trumpets founding, and feveral Vollies of fhot
given by a Squadron of Germans, drawn up neer the Church. After which,
a folemn™ Mals was fung, by fix Quires of Mufick. In the Afternoon, the
Pope heard Vefpers in the fame Church, prefent feveral Cardinals, with the
Embaffadors and Minifters of Forrein Princes; and the Evening fpent in
Lights and Fire-works,
The Venetians are bufied for the defence of their Candia's and by the Af-
fiftance of the French, hold the Turk hard to it, this year; befides that their
Admiral Morofini, with Twenty five Gallies, fome few Galliaffes, and ſeveral
Fitcfhips, engaging above One hundred of the Turks Gallies, with Sixty
Saicks, burnt, funk and took the greateſt part of them among the reft of his
Priſoners, Two Bafhaws, with Six Months Provifion and Ammunition for
fupply of the Befiegers.
Eeee
}'
The
:
572
1669.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
¿
}
The Prince of
Portugal made
Regeat.
The ſucceſs of Gayland, an Enemy of the English, muſt not be omitted;
who being at Argilla, and hearing of a great Defeat given by Taffalette to Ben
Buker, wherein Ben Buker himſelf was taken Prifoner, and that there was little
hopes of getting another Army into the Field to oppoſe the Conquerour, and
finding how the ill news work'd upon his own people, who began to threaten
to defert him unless their wants were fupplied; he got out of Argilla with
300 men, and Tranſported himself for Argier.
At this time, about the beginning of March, the King of Portugal, having
caus'd his Brother the King to refigne, married the Queen, and was by the
three Eftates of that Kingdom confirm'd in his Regency, and in a folemn
manner they fwore Obedience to him accordingly.
Now though all things went well at home on the French fide, yet they had
not the fuccefs which they promis'd themſelves at Madagascar, where by en-
gaging themſelves in other peoples Quarrels, they not onely loft many Men,
but carrying themſelves too high and imperious, and forcing the Inhabitants to
carry their Arms for them, the Natives taking hold of the opportunity,
fell to heartily upon their new Lords, that they deſtroy›d the greateſt part of
them.
But Queen Chriſtina, having diſintrigu'd her felf out of theſe Hurly-burlies,
at the latter end of the Year arriv'd at Rome, where her entertainment was
Pompous and Magnificent: Nor did the Pope himſelf the next day diſdain
to give her a vifit in his own proper perfon, glad no queftion of fo Eminent a
Profelyte.
Earl of Care
lifle fent into
Sweden.
The
Anno Dom. 1669.
He 25th of March being paft, the Year 1669 begins. A Year wherein
there could be nothing more calm and quiet than the furface of the Eng-
liſh Affairs, had not the future effects of its filent contrivances made it ap-
pear, that though action fail'd, 'twas bufie enough in Council. Therefore En-
voys and Embaffadors were frequently employed,a moft certain Prognoſtick of
active defignes.
About the beginning of the Year, the Earl of Carlisle was fent Embaſſador
Extraordinary to Sweden. While he repos'd himself in Copenhagen, in which
Court he was well known, he received a Letter fent after him by the King of
England, in return of a very obliging Letter from the King of Denmark; with
the receipt whereof, the King of Denmark, was fo well fatisfied and pleaſed,
that at the ſeaſonable inftance of his Lordſhip, he was pleas'd to cauſe his Or-
ders to be difpers'd to all his Ports, particularly to his Cuftom-places and Ha-
vens in Norway, for reftoring the Engiſh Trading to any part of his Kingdom
or Dominions, and the fame priviledges which they formerly enjoy'd, according
to the Treaty concluded in the Year 1660.
-
Being arriv'd in Sweden, among other Tranfactions, he had a private Audi-
ence, in which he prefented the King of Sweden with the little-George, warn
King of Swe- by the Knights of the Order of the Garter; which the King received with
den prefented great expreffions of joys being after that, folemnly and publickly, by a parti-
with the Gar- cular Comtniffion, prefented and invefted by the faid Earl with all the peculiar
Habits and Ornaments belonging to the ſaid Order.
ter.
Earl of Win-
chelsey re-
OHTAS.
Other Embaffadors were fent to other parts; as Mr. Montague Extraordi
nary for France; Sir Peter Wyche for Muscovy.
In July, the Earl of Winchelfey return'd from his Embaffie at Conftantinople.
Nor can History be fo ungrateful to Learning, as to bury in filence the Ho-
nour due to its moft bountiful advancers. It was therefore this Year that the
University of Oxford, being affembled in a full Body, went to take poffeffion of
the
I
1669.
573
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
the New Theatre, the magnificent gift of Dr. Sheldon Arch-Bishop of Canter- Theater at Ox.
bury; where after the reading his Grace's Grant by the Regifter of the Univer- ford finiſhed.
fity, Dr. South the Univerſity-Orator made a Speech futable to the occafion.
After which,feveral Panegyricks were pronounc'd in Profe and Verfe; concluding
the Ceremony with feveral forts of Mufick both Vocal and Inftrumental.
But in the King's Ears the difcords of Schifm were more unpleafing: for Meetings Sup-
now from ſeveral parts of the Kingdom came feveral Informations,that they who prefed.
ſeparated themſelves from the eſtabliſhed Worſhip, met in greater numbers than
formerly, to fuch a degree, as to endanger the publick Peace, and greatly to
the contempt of the Kings Indulgence to Tender Confciences; which forc'd
the King to iffue out his Proclamation for the fuppreffing of fuch Meetings,
by putting the Laws in execution, and proceeding particularly against the
Preachers.
Learning always deferves an honourable Mecenas; and therefore the Arch-.
Bishop of Canterbury having upon fatisfactory reafons refus'd the Vice-Chancel-
lorthip of Oxford, Dr. Fell, with the greateft part of the Body of the Con- Dr. Fell Vice-
vocation meeting at Worcester-houfe, Inftalled the Duke of Ormond Chancellor Chancellor of
of that Univerfity.
Oxford.
Queen- Mother
The King was now diverting himſelf, together with the Duke of York, in
the New Forest in Hampshire, when they both receiv'd an exprefs of the Death
of their Mother the Queen Dowager of England, who died upon the last of
Auguft at Columbe, after a long Indifpofition and decay of Health: which made of England
them both repair with all fpeed to Hampton-court. Her body was for fome dies.
ime expos'd with ufual Ceremonies in the Gallery of St. Columbes; after
which, her Heart was in a Silver-Veffel, infcrib'd with her Name and Title,
carried to the Monaftery of Chaliot. Her Body was carried to St. Denis, and
plac'd in a Chappel behinde the Quire. In November following, fhe was buried
after the Form and Magnificence which was formerly uſed at the Funeral of the
Queen-Mother.
This Moneth brought us news, that the Enemy was more than ordinarily
büfie about Tangier, appearing often, and in great numbers, both of Horſe and The Moors at-
Foot. They laid two confiderable Ambuſhes to have furpriz'd the Garrifon; tempt Tangier,
but one was diſcovered by the Sentinels, the other by the barking of Dogs, but beaten off.
purpoſely kept there by the People and Soulders, by which means they were
beaten off with confiderable lofs. This not taking effect, they appeared next
day on the other fide of the Town, and gave the occafion of a fmart difpute
for an hour, but were thence alfo forc'd to retire, much to their diſadvantage.
This made them quiet for fome time, when on a fuddain they again fhew-d
themſelves behinde a Hill, neer a Fort call'd James's Fort; here as the Onfet
was powerful, fo they met with equal refiftance, and a courage ſo much ſupe-
riour, as quickly forc'd 'um to leave the Enterprize and many of their men be-
hinde, with the lofs only of one Corporal: which this Year ended all the trou-
ble of that Garriſon.
Ireland.
The Duke of Ormond had been ſome time fince call'd out of Ireland, who
thereupon left his Son, the Lord Offory to command in his room: But now to
take the charge from both, the Lord Roberts arrives at Dublin. Upon the news
of this change, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, the Provoft of the Colledge, Lord Roberts
the Dean of Christ-Church, and molt of the Clergy attended the Lord Offery, Lord-Deputy of
where the one acknowledged the many benefits which the City had received
from the Government of his Father and himſelf, the other, the many bene-
their good Examples, as by the
plentiful provifion made them by the Clergy. The reception of the new Lord-
Deputy was intended to have been made with much State and Solemnity; but
he waving thoſe publick Honours, met the Lord-Deputy and the Council at
the Council-Chamber the fame Evening after his arrival, where after he had
taken the ufual Oath, the Lord-Deputy deliver'd him the Sword. He was no
fooner enter❜d upon his Government, but he iffu'd out a Proclamation, com-
fits which the Church had enjoy'd, as well
Eèce 2
manding
574
A bzief Account of Tranſactions in
1669.
Royal Exchange
finiſh'd.
Parl. Affembles
Parl. attended
Banqueting
Houfe.
manding all Governors and Officers to repair to their feveral Charges and Du-
ties, not admitting any difpenfation to the contrary.
London had long layn in Aſhes, and the Confluence of all the World had
been as long confined within the narrow limits of a Colledge-Court; but now
again the Merchants, to their great ſatisfaction, and the lafting Merits of
Six William Turner then Lord Mayor, whefe indefatigable pains and zeal was
Eminent in advancing and forwarding fo great a Work, met in the Royal
Exchange; a Fabrick equal to the Honour of the Undertakers, and holding a-`
true proportion with the rest of the Goodly Buildings of the Reviving
City.
But now men began to liften after things of a higher Nature, feing both
Houſes of Parliament again Affembled, upon the 19th of October. The King
in a Speech acquainted them With his joy to fee them at that time, and the
hopes he had of a happy meeting, which he promis'd himself, from the great
experience he had of their Affection and Loyalty, of which he did not doubt the Con-
tinuance ; briefly minding them of his Debts, which though preffing, he was un-
willing to call for their Affiftance till this time: acquainting them also, that
what they last gave, was wholly apply'd to the Navy, and to the Extraordinary
Fleet for which it was intended: defiring they would now take his Debts effectu-
ally into their Confideration. Afterwards, hinting to them a Propofal of great ·
Importance, concerning the Uniting of England and Scotland, which because it
requir'd fome length, he left that, and fome other things to the Lord Keeper,
to open more fully, which was by him done: and then both Houfes Adjournd.
At the beginning of November, both Houſes, in purſuance of a Vote which
the King in the they had made, attended the King in the Banqueting Houſe, where the Lord-
Chief Juftice Vaughan ſupplying the Room of the Lord Keeper, in the fame
of both Houſes return'd their Humble Thanks to the King, for his Care of the
Publick, in Iffuing out his Proclamation for the fuppreffing of Conventicles:
Humbly defiring his Majefty to continue the fame care for the future. In Re-
ply to which, his Majefty returu'd an Anſwer, to the fatisfaction of both
· Houſes.
Parl. Prorogu'd
till February.
Parl. in Scot-
land.
1
1
}
But now Chriſtmas drawing near, and having fate above a Month without
effecting any thing of confequence, the Lords fent the Ufher of the Black-
Rod to the House of Commons, to tell them, That by Vertue of the King's
Commiffion, they defird their Attendance: who Attending accordingly with
their Speaker, the Commiffion was read, and the Parliament Piorogu'd till
the 24th of February next enfuing.
At the fame time that the Parliament of England fate at Westminster,
the Parliament of Scotland fate at Edenburgh where the Earl of Lauderdale
having taken the Chair of State, as Lord Commiffioner of Scotland, the Earls
Commiffion was firft read, and then the doubtful Elections of Members 're-
fer'd to Examination.
That done, the Kings Letter to the Parliament was twice ready feconded by
a fhorter from the Lord Chancellor, perfwading them to a concurrence with
the King in his Defign of Uniting the Two Kingdoms. Then they pro-
ceeded to Elect the Lords of the, Articles the Bishops choofing Eight Bi-
fhops; and thofe Eight, Eight of the Nobility and theſe Sikrecen, making
choice of Eight Knights, and as many Burgeffes: by whom, all Affairs were to
be prepar❜d for the Houſe,
During this Seffion, they Publish'd an Act for the Naturalization of Stran-
gers within the Kingdom of Scotland, Declaring, that all Strangers of the
Proteftant Religion, that ſhould think fit to bring their Eftates into the faid
Kingdom, or thould come to fet up new Works and Manufactures therein,
fhould be Naturaliz'd, as Native-Born Subjects of that Kingdom, to all in-
tents and purpofes. The King farther Declarings. That uponiapplication by fuch
Strangers made to him, he would grant them the freeaddipublik ufe of their
Religion,
1669.
575
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Religion in their own Language, and the Libertie of having Churches of
their own: However, no perfons were to have, the benefit of the ſaid Act,
till first by Petition to the Lords of the Privy Council, containing an exact de-
fignation of their Names, and places of Birth, and former refidences, and that
they be of the Proteſtant Religion.
They alfo made another A&t afferting his Majefty's Supremacy over all per-
fons, and in all Caufes Ecclefiaftical. By Sea, little was this Yeardone, only
Sir Thomas Allen being again fent with a Squadron of Ships about the begin-
ning of August, came betore Argier; and fending in his Boat, began to Treat Sir Thomas
they in Argier feeni'd willing to make reltitution of fuch Money as they had Allen before
taken from an English fhip bound for the East-Indies, but not agreeing to Argier,
fome other demands,the Treaty prov'd ineffectual: thereupon he began actual
Hoftility, feizing a Bark laden with Corn which rode in the Bay, with eleven
Moors, and a Brigantine, which he took in view of the Town. From hence,
having done little or nothing elfe confiderable; he fet fail for Tripoly, the Ba-
fhaw of which place fent him an affurance of his readynefs to preferve Peace
and a good Correfpondence with the King of Great Britain. And after a
fhort cruting up and down in thofe Seas, he return'd for Cadiz, where this Year
leaves him,
But being now fo neer the English Territories at Tangier, the King of Eng-
land's Emballador Mr. Henry Howard mult not be forgot, who being fent by Mr. Henry
the King his Embaffador Extraordinary to the Emperour of Morocco (at that Howard jent
time Taffalette, by vertue of his new Conquefts) was now arriv'd at Tan- Embajador to
gier, but underſtanding the danger of hazarding his perſon among thofe Bar- Taffalette,
barians, ftay'd at that place, expecting a fufficient ftrength to convoy and con-
duct him to his place of Audience.
と
​↓
t
In November, he receiv'd his Sate-Conduct, with an affurance from the Em-
perour that he ſhould not fail of receiving all fatisfaction, in order to whatſo-
ever he fhould defire for his fecurity, and that he had already caus'd Justice ro
be done to ſuch as were found guilty of giving any affronts to his people.
And true it was, that he caus'd all the English which were taken by the men of
Sally fince the Truce made with him, to be refior'd to their Liberty. But the
turther iffue of this Emballie is to be expected in the following Year. And
for this delay, the Emperour excus'd himself for not engaging fo great a perfon
in a Country where he had not power to protect himet;
5
Returning home, we meet with no ſmall loss in the Deceaſe of the Duke of Duke of Albë-
Albemarle, alter a long indifpofition of Health, in the fixty fecond: year of marle dies.
s Age. His Garter being brought to the King, was by his immediate com-
mand carried back to the Earl of Torrington, then by his Father's death Duke of
Albemarle with a further declaration that he fhould immediately alfo fucceed
in the place of Gentleman of his Bed-chamber, and Lord-Lieutenant of the
County of Devons and farther the King was pleas'd to fend him word, that,
as the latt mark of Gratitude to the memory of the Deceased, he would him-
felf take care for the Funeral: which,not long after, was perform'd with great
Solemnity, at the King's particular charge.
Nor did the Dutchefs his Wife-ftay long behinde him, dying toward the latter His Dutchefs
end of the Moneth; but was more privately buried in the Chappel of Henry dies.
the feventh.
The Republick of Venice had fent a very honourable Embaſſie into England ;
in requital of which, the Lord Falconbridge, by the King's order, departed in
Jan. 1669,
the fame employment to the Venetian State, being commanded in his way to
vifit fome other Princes and States of Italy,
Nor muft we omit the kindness of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who befides
his civil entertainment of the Earl of Northumb rlands in acknowledgement of
the courteous entertainment which he had received in England built and gave to
the King of England two very, frout Gallies, for a guard of the Coalt about
Tangier, being of great importance to the fervice of his Majetty.subur
The
:
576
Parliament
micet.
A
A bzief Account of Tranfactions in
1669.
The Parliament, according to the term appointed in their latt Prorogation,
was now affembled to whom the King, as he was wont to do, made a thort
Speech, which was enlarged upon by another from the Lord-Keeper. The
King therein recommended three things more efpecially to them; the one was
Unity among themſelves, the Union of England and Scotland, and the Supply
of his preſent and urgent Neceffities. As to the differences among themfelves,
they were,as ſoon as fate, buried in oblivion, and all matter of prejudice threat-
ned thereby as fuddenly vanifh'd: For they were no fooner face, but accor-
ding to his Majefty's Recommendation, both Houfes came to a full agreement
in the matter in debate between 'um; greatly to the encouragement of all
that regarded the good of the Nation, as by the effect of their unanimous con-
fultations foon after appeared.
Forein Affairs, 1669.
?
The Treaty at Aix la Chapelle, one would have thought, fhould have brought
a general repofe to Europe; but jealoufies of State had interrupted the quiet that
fhould have attended upon it. The King of France's new demands of ap-
pendencies to his Conquetts in Flanders ftartled the Spaniards whereby Con-
tributions were exacted by the French from places under the Spanish Jurifdi-
ction, as they took it for granted: Nor did the States of Holland care at all
for their Neighbourhood. This made the Conftable of Caftile, then Gover-
nour of the Spanish Netherlands in the place of Caftel-Rodrigro, fend his Com-
plaints to the French King, who appointed Commiffioners to fit at Lille for
the compofure of all thefe differences.
Thefe Complaints the King of France eludes, by renouncing his pretenfions
in one place, and claiming in another; quitting Charleroy, and claiming Ipres
quitting Conde, and claiming Ondenard: in which contells the Commiflioners
at Lile having spent many Moneths in vain, were at length forc❜d to break off
without doing any thing. On the other fide, Pompone the French Embaffador
endeavours all that might be to affure the States of Holland of the great incli-
nations of the King his Mafter to entertain all Friendſhip and good Correfpon-
dency with them, telling them, that he doubted not but the cares which he had
for the glory of Chriftendom, would in time fufficiently convince 'um of the
vanity of thofe fears which fome did endeavour to fow amongit 'um.
Nevertheless, the States prepar'd for the ſecurity of their Frontiers, and gave
particular order to fortifie feveral Towns of Overyffel, and upon the Borde
of Weftphalia. In this juncture of time came news that the King of France
had laid double Impofitions upon the Manufactures of Holland; in recompence
of which kindness, the Dutch lay an Impofition upon French Wine and Bran-
dy; proceeding at length to do the fame upon all French Wares, and forbid ab-
folutely the Importation of Brandy and all other Diftill'd Waters into Holland:
and upon this fuel, thofe filent Animofities fed, which afterwards brake out
into greater Flames.
1
But between the States and Portugal there began to be a better underſtanding,
a new League being made betwixt them, with condition that Cochin and Cono-
mer in the East-Indies fhould remain to the Dutch, and that four Millions of Mo-
ney, due to the States, fhould be paid according to the Agreement made between
them.
The Venetians in Candy had held out a long while against the main force of
the Turk, being affitted by many Princes of Europe, eſpecially the French, firft
under the Command of Beaufort, but with ill fuccefs, he being flain in a Salley ;
after him, under the Conduct of the Duke of Navailles; who after many Sal-
keys and attempts, finding little good to be done, with what Souldiers he had
left, deferts the Garrifon, and returns for France, though not without fome
diſgrace to his petfon: for the King of France hearing of his being landed,
com-
1670.
577
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
commanded him to retire to his own poffeffions, forbidding him to fee his
Face. The Venetian ſeeing no hopes of keeping the Town any longer, furren-
der'd it upon Articles, and at length concluded a Peace inviolable for the ad-
vantage of Trade, and mutual quiet of both Subjects.
King Cafimire of Poland having refign'd, and being now retired into France;
after many debates, and much contention, one Wifnowiskie, a Native, and one
of the chief Nobility, was the Elected King, being Crown'd in September,
and foon after Married to Eleanor Sifter to the Emperour of Germany.
This Year, Clement the ninth, of the Houfe of Rospigliofi, died at Rome, ha-
ving promoted fix new Cardinals a little before his death. A great Stickler
against the Turks, his Gallies under the Command of his Kinſman Don Vin-
cenzo Kofpigliofi, being very ferviceable to the Venetian. After his Deceaſe, Car-
dinal Rospigliofi, by vertue of a Brief, acted as Pope till the new Election. e
His death was followed by the death of the King of Denmark, to whom ſuc-
ceeded his Son Chriflian the fifth.
The King of France at length fignifies his willingness to refer the differen-
ces between himself and the Crown of Spain to the Arbitration of the Kings
of England and Sweden.
But all this hinder'd not the conclufion of the Triple Alliance, which was in
the latter end of March in all points agreed upon by the Refpective Minifters,
meeting at the Spanish Embaffador's Houfe at the Hague, where they fign'd
and exchang,d all acts thereto belonging.
Anne Dom: 1670.
N the beginning of April, the Parliament having prepar'd feveral Acts ready
for the King to figne, the King came to the Houfe of Lords and gave his
Royal Affent, fignifying alfo his confent for an Adjournment till the 24 of Octo- feveral acts,
The King fignes
ber enſuing, having only granted the King an Impofition upon all Wines and and adjourns
Vinegar for fuch a certain time: And prepar'd a Bill, to Authorize fuch Com- the Houſe.
miffioners as the King fhould nominate, for treating with the Scotch Com-
millioners in order to the Union defir'd.
This Moneth alſo, the Lord John Berkley arriv'd in Dublin, to ſucceed the
Lord Roberts as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, who upon weighty confidera-
tions was call'd back again into England.
And now in this time of leifure, the Princess of Orleans comes to Dover to Dutcheẞ of Or-
vifit her two Brothers, his Majefty and the Duke of York; her ftay in England leans arriveS
was fhort, and her ftay in this World not much longer; for in a fhort while in England.
after her return into France, the departed this life; the Court of England being Dies.
not only grieved, but aftoniſhed at the fuddennefs of her death.
Upon fome apprehenfion of private defignes, a Proclamation was iffu'd out,
commanding all Souldiers and Officers who had ferv'd under the late ufurped
Powers to depart the City, and not to come within twenty miles of the fame
for a prefix'd time, and in the mean while not to wear Arms, upon a fevere
penalty.
The Parliament of Scotland now fitting, and underſtanding what the Par-
liament of England had done in that Affair, the Act for the Treaty of Union Parliament in
July 1670.
pafs'd both Houles at Edenburgh, and was touch'd by the Commiffioner with Scotland.
the Royal Scepter; of which, although the defigne were of high concernment, Act for the
yet becauſe the Event was not correfpondent, it will be enough to fay, that Treaty of union
the Commiffioners on both fides had often Conferences, and great encourage- paled there.
ments from the King; but it met with fo many delays and difficulties, that as
a thing not to be compafs'd, it was at length laid afide.
The King was every year very intent upon the fuppreffion of the Pyrates
of
578
1670.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
of Argier, which was the only War he now had;wherein though hit Commanders
had profper'd, by taking particular Prizes, and fipgle Ships, yet never could
they meet with a Body of thofe Rovers, to fignalize their Courage, till now:
Argier men of neither was this a Body of above feaven men, of War, too many for the Al-
war destroy'd. gerines to run the Fate they did. There were the Hampshire, Portſinouth, Jer-
Jey, and Centurion Frigats, under the Command of Captain Beach; thefe met
the feven Argier Men of War, the leaft of which had 38 Guns, and full of
Men, who after a fhort difpute, were forc'd to run all their Ships ahore,where
they were all burn'd, two by themselves, and the reſt by the English; befides
the lofs of most of their men, and the Redemption of 250 Chriftian Cap-
to Death.
tives.
J
Valour gets Renown,but Cowardife Difgrace: therefore Captain John Peirce,
Cap.Peirce fhat and Andrew Legate, for the lofs of the Saphire Fregat in the Streights, were
both, about this time, which was in September, try'd for their Lives, at
a Court Marthal held upon the River of Thames; where it plainly appear-
ing that the faid Frigat was bafely and fhamefully loft, through the default
and cowardife of the faid Captain and Lieutenant, they were be Con-
demn'd to be Shot to Death, and foon after both Executed.
Parl. meet.
Peace between
Both Houses of Parliament re-affembl'd,, according to their Adjourn-
ment:
This Month, the Ratification of the Peace between England and Spain be-
Spain and Es- yond the Line was agree'd and Ratifid, and the Ratifications Exchang'd,
gland ratifi'd. and Notice given to the Governors in thofe Parts, for the punctual obier-
vation thereof, on both fides.
Prince of O-
range comes in-
to England.
Sir Thomas
Allen returnS
from thes
Streights.
Sir Edward
Sprague Com-
mands in his
room.
In the meanwhile, the Prince of Orange Arrives, to give his uncle a Vifit:
He came to London upon the 30th of October, but his ſtay here was not long,
However, he viſited both the Univerſities; and his entertainment was in all
places anſwerable to the Dignity of his Perfon. His coming, no queſtion, had
a Myſterie in it; but Myſteries of State are not to be. div'd into However,
at the beginning of the Spring, he return'd well fatisfi'd, both as to his Publick
Reception, and private Concerns.
!
In November, Sir Thomas Allen return'd home with his Squadron, having
made many attempts upon the Pyrates of Argier, whofe Cowardice till fhun-
ing the English Force, made the Voyage feem the less fuccessful, leaving Sir Ed-
ward Sprage in his Room.
December feldom paffes without fome act of Villany: one more remarkable
was at this time performed; for the Duke of Ormond going home in his
D. of Ormond Coach, was between St. James's and Clarendon Houle, by fix perfons Arm'd
violently aſſaul and Mounted, forc'd out of his Coach, and ſet behind one of the Company,
ted in the Night- who was riding away with him; but he was at length Refcu'd, partly by his
own firength, partly by others coming to his Affifiance. A Fact which
rendred the performers not ſo bold, as it render'd the Duke Memorable in
his Forgiveneſs.
The King pales
fome Acts.
Popish Priests
Banish'd.
Sir Edward Sprage was now the King's Admiral in the Mediterranean Sea;
of whoſe Action, the next year muft give a farther Accompt.
The Parliament having at this time compleated feveral Acts, the King
came to the Houfe, and gave his Royal Affent to them; being chiefly for Ra-
gulation of the Law, and for an Additional Excife upon Beer and Ale.
1
During this Seffion, the Lords and Commons by their Humble Petition Re-
prefented to the King, Their fears and apprehenfions of the growth and encreaſe
of the Popish Religion: whereupon, the King in compliance with their defires,
by His Proclamation, commanded all Jefuits, and Engliſh, Irish, and Scotch
Prieſts, and-all others that had taken Orders from the See of Rome, except fuch
as were by Contract of Marriage to wait upon the Queen, or Forreign Embaſſa
dors, to depart the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales, upon puin of
having the Laws and Statutes of the Realm inflicted upon them.
Forrein
1670.
579
England, Scotland and Freland, &c.
Forrein Affairs, 1670.
The first occurrence of Moment, is the Election of the new Pope, Cardinal
Altieri, who at first refus'd the Honour; but the perfwafion of the Cardinals
prevailing, he told them, they had opend upon Him the Gates of Hell; and fo
yielded to their importunity. He had no Nephews, and therefore Adopted
Cardinal Paluzzi, whofe Brother had Married his Neece.
And now the Grandeur of the Houſe of Orange began to revive again;
The States Concluding in a full Affembly, his adimiffion into the Council of
State; and ſetling an honourable Penfion upon him: Nor was he long without
the Title of their Captain General by Sea and Land.
In Flanders, fome Alteration happen,d, by reaſon that the Constable of Caſtile
growing fickly, could not abide the trouble of buſineſs any longer; he de
parted privately to Offend, and fo by Sea for Spain: in his place the Count de
Monterey was foon advanced.
While Tangier makes us concern'd with the Moors, our neareſt Neighbours,
we muſt not omit the Actions of thoſe people, whofe Loffes and Succeffes are
to be narrowly obſerv›d by the Engliſh; either their Allyes, or Enemies. Taffa-
lette therefore having Intelligence that the people of Suz had united their For-
ces with thofe of Santa Cruz, march'd toward the tarther part of Suz, with
an Army of 140000 Men, which at firft fo Terrifid thofe people, that they
prefented him with their Leaders Head, and with great fubmiffion begged
his Pardon. In confidence of this, Taffalette Marches toward Sandia Cruz ;
but the people Repenting of what they had done, underhand renew'd a League ¡
with the Governor of that Town; and unexpectedly fetting upon the Army of
Taffalette, quite routed it, and flew Taffalets Brother who led the Van, himself
only eſcaping with four Horfe: but being foon recruited, he return'd to Sanữa
Cruz, and took it, and in a fhort while recover'd what he had fo unadviſedly
loft.
But that which made the greateſt noife in the World, was the fuddain In- -
vaſion of Loraine, by the King of France. For the furpriſe of which Country
Marthal Crequi being fent with a great Army, he over-ran the Country like á
mighty Torrent: infomuch, that by the beginning of Winter there was fcarce
a Town in Lorraine that was not at the French Devotion. The defigne of the
King of France was to lay afide the old Duke, and confer the Dutchy on
Prince Charles; on condition that he ſhould taife the Fortifications of Chastel
and Efpinal, and give up to the King the Marquifate of Nomende. Certain it
was, the King of France did fend to the faid Prince, then at Vienna, to offer
him the Poffeffion of Lorrain, on condition he would hold it of him, and
to maintain no greater Number of Forces than he should think fit; telling him
withal, that he were beſt have a care, that upon his refufal, the Duke of Gaiſe
did not accept of it upon the fame terms.
The old Duke thus outed of all, wandred up and down from place to
place; begging Ayd of the Neighbouring Princes; who promis'd fair, but did
little more, than come to a conditional Agreement for the raying Forces for
the common good and fafety of the Empire.
This Alarm'd not only the Dutch on the one fide, but the Switzers on the
other; the Effect of which was, that it made them both careful to put them-
felves into the beſt poſture of Defence they might.
While this part of Europe is thus preparing for Miſchief, we find Ruffia
over-whelm'd with an Inundation of Rebellion; where one Stephen Radskių
2. Tumultuous Ring-leader, having Poyfon'd the Rabble with the fair pre-
tences of Liberty, the common dives to Infurrection, of a fmall Snow-
bal, grew to a mountainous Num; and having feiz'd the great Kingdoms
of Aftracan and Cafan, and got into his Poffeffion the Treafures of the Great
Duke
Ffff
580
A bzief Account of Tranſactions in
1671.
}
!
Duke in the chief City of Aftracan; he grew Potent and Formidable, and made
up for the City of Mofco it felf, taking upon him the Title of Duke Radzin:
But at length, after a fhort Reign, and having glutted himſelf with the Blood
of as many Mufcovitish Nobility as fell into his Power, he was overthrown
by Dolkerouski General to the Emperor, and his whole Power totally dif
perft.
The Dutchefs of
York dyes.
Anno Dom. 1671:
N the beginning of this Year, dyed Her Royal Highness Anne Dutchefs of
Tork, Wife to his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York, and Daughter to
the Earl of Clarendon; being fhortly after privately Interr'd in Henry the Se-
venth's Chappel at Westminster.
The Parliament ſtill fitting, had by this time prepar'd ſeveral other Acts rea-
dy for the Kings Royal Affent; which the King being prefent in the Houſe of
Lords, as readily pafs'd. The chiefeft, and moft of Publick Concern was, The
Addition which they made to the King's Revenue, by an Impofition upon
Proceedings at Law; not being unmindful of fetling fuch differences as might
arife about Houfes burn'd in the Fire of London: taking care alfa, to prevent
Parl.Prorogu'd. the Diſorders of Seamen, and the Imbezelment of the Kings Stores. After
which, they were again Prorogu'd to the 16th of April next enfuing.
And an Addrefs
However, before they difperft, both Houfes met in a Body in the Banqueting-
about English Houfe, where they made an humble Addrefs, That the King would be pleafed,
Manufactures. by His own Example, to encourage the conftant wearing the Manufactures
of his own Kingdom, and diſcountenance the ufe of Manufactures made in
Forrein Countries: who kindly receiving the Addrefs, told them, That be
bad is little us'd in his own Perfon Forrein Manufacturs, as any; and would dif
countenance them for the future in thoſe that ſhould. .
Earl of Man-
chefter dies.
•
Nor muft we pafs by the Death of the Earl of Manchester, Lord Chamberlain of
His Majefties Houfhold, a Knight of the Garter,and a Privy Councellor; though
his lofs was foon recompenc'd, by the fucceffion of the Earl of St. Albans.
Soon after dy'd the Lord Chief Juftice Keeling; into whofe Place, the Lord
Chief Juftice Hale was immediately Sworn: in his Place, Sir Edward Turnor
was made Lord: Chief Baron, and Sir Francis North Sollicitor-General.
Nor was it fit the Offices of fuch Eminent Minifters of Juftice thould be
vacant, when fuch Criminals were to be examin❜d as were foon after diſcover-
ed: For upon the ninth of this Moneth, four mén coming to the Keeper of
The Crown at the Jewel-Houfe in the Morning, and defiring to fee the Regal Crown,
tempted.
were carried into the Room where it was kept; but they Stabbing and Gag-
ging the Keeper, an ancient man, and putting the Crown and Ball into two
Bags, which they had brought for that purpoſe, fairly walk'd away, and
had almoft paft all the Sentinels; but the Son-in-law of the Keeper cafually
paffing by, and feeing the condition his Father lay in, run out haftily, crying
out to the Guards to ftop 'um: upon this they, mending their pace, made their
own diſcovery. Being then commanded to ſtand, they fir'd a Piftol at the Sen-
tinel: but two of them were preſently ſeized, carried to White-ball, and after
Examination, fent back again to the Tower, to be kept cloſe Prifoners where
they had committed the Fact.
To make an annual Record of St. George's Feaft, is not neceffary; but. of
King of Swe- this, as being more fingularly Signal, it may not be expedient to omit the re-
den, and Duke hearfal: For now it was that the Earl of Carlisle, introduc'd between his Roy-
of Saxony by al Highneſs and Prince Rupert, was Inftall'd as Proxie for the King of Sme-
Stall'd Knights den; and the Earl of Winchelfey, between the Duke of Ormond and the Duke
of the Garter. of Buckingham, was Inftall'd as Proxie for the Duke of Saxony; both which
Proxies In-
Princes
1671.
581
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Princes were invetted the year before: Atter them, the Duke of Albemarle,
between the Earl of Sandwich and the Earl of Oxford, was Invefted in his own
Stall.
them.
-----
June was Crowned with the fuccefs of Sir Edward Sprague, who being now
the King's Admiral in the Mediterranean-Sea, met with nine Men of War be-
longing to Argier, together with three Merchant-men, neer Bugia, who upon sir Edward
his appearance retir'd under the shelter of the Castle, and put themſelves into Sprague mucts
the bett polture of defence they could; but the English in the mean while at the Argerines,
tacquing them with their Fire-fhips, performed their buſineſs with ſo much va and deftroys
lour and fuccefs, that they let the most part of the Enemies fhips on tires thoſe
which eſcap'd the Flame, were feiz'd on by the English: the Men of War were
the principal ſhips of Argier. And to compleat this Victory, Captain Beach
brought in to the reft another fhip of 40 Guns, and 350 men, which he had
but newly taken. So that now Sir Edward Sprague, believing that by this lofs
the Algerines might be brought to an cafie accommodation, made a fpeedy re-
turn to his ftation before that Port.
This Moneth, the King minding to look after the condition of his Weſtern
Sea-port-Towns, made a kinde of a Sea-progrefs. For arriving it at Portf a Progs.
The King takes
mouth, he went in his Yacht to the Ile of Wight, where he took a view of
the most confiderable Ports of the Ifland; thence he returned to Hurst Cattles
thence he went to view Corf-Caftle; thence, returning for Poriſmouth agam,
he failed away, attended by five Erigats, for Plymouth; thence back to Dart-
mouth, with an intention to return by Land to London. Obferving this the
great Proverb of The Masters Eye.
The Moors and we were not yet fo friendly, but that Taffalette, proceeding
in his defigne of attempting all the Chriſtian Sea-port-Towns upon the Coalt
of Barbary, would needs vifit Tangier, giving a warm attacque upon the Fort The Moors at
called Anne-Fort, though at a distance, firing upon our men in Rank and File, tack Tangier,
and falling back while others fupplied their places, being the first time the
Moors were obſerv'd to fight in fuch order: but finding our men too hot, they and are beaten
foon retreated. And thus are the Moors become a part of the Engliſh Hiſtory. off.
Then was the Parliament again Prorogu'd from the 16th of April following Part. Prorogu'd
till the 30th of October 1672. The King, as it afterwards appeared, having
now his hands full of forrein Confultations.
Nor was it for nothing that fo many Agents and Embaffadors were fent a-
broad.
Coventry Elq. for Sweden, the Lord Sunderland for Spain; it
being the great care of Princes, to draw what affiftance they can from their E-
nemies: Sir George Dawning for Holland; it being no lefs their care to offer all
honourable terms of Peace if they may be obtained.
J
At home, his Majefty, to reward Valour and Vertue, in confideration of
that frout and memorable action perform'd by Capt. Buddifon Captain of the
Swallow, a Merchant-man of 150 Tuns,and 26 Men who had fought againſt an
Argerine of 36 Guns, and having Boarded him feral times, forc'd him at
laft thamefully to leave him and fix of his men behinde, was pleaſed to order
the Captain a Gold-Chain and a Medal
·
Nor was the City of London (having its publick Buildings recovered out of
the late Ruines to a greater Splendor and Beauty than heretofore) leſs mindful
to make an Invitation to his Majefty to honour their Lord Mayor's Feaft with
his prefence; which he did accordingly, to fhew how much he was pleafed to fee
the City fo revived from fuch a fad Calamity.
The iffue of Sir Edward Sprague's fuccefs againſt the Pyrates of Argier, was
by this known in England for he returning from the deftruction of their
Thips to his former fiation before Argier it felfound a ftrange alteration among
thofe people; for the Aga. had taken off their General's Head, and foon after
five of this Generals Souldiers cut off the Kings Head and brought it openly
in to the Divan, crying out, they muſt have Peace with the English. Upon this
they created a new King, who feeing the inclinations of the people, constrain'd
by
Ffff2
Emballadors
feat abroad.
582
1673.
A bief Account of Tranſactions in
Jan. 167.
Stop upon the
Exchequer.
Sir George
Downing pref-
fes for answer
to the King's
demands.
Sir George
Downing
committed.
Nonconformists
indulg'd.
Sir Robert
Holmes at-
tacks the
Dutch Fleet
by their own neceffities, thought it his best way to enter into a Treaty, which
at length ended in a Peace as honourable and advantageous as ever was made
between the Engliſh and thofe Rovers.
It could no longer now be conceal'd what the fecret Counfels of the Great
ones had fo long been aiming at: For now the King publickly intending War
with the Dutch, openly Declared, That feeing all the Princes and States his
Neighbours were making preparations for War both by Sea and Land, he look'd up-
on himſelf obliged, for the fafety of his Government, and protection of his People,
to make fuch preparations as should be answerable to the preſervation of both: to
which end he had given order for fitting and ſetting out a confiderable Navy againſt
the Spring; but Money was wanting, and bis own Revenues all anticipated and
deeply engaged. As therefore the neceſſity was inevitable, the Courſe taken was
extraordinary: It being thought abfolutely convenient to put a stop upon the paying
of any Money then brought in, or to be brought in to the Exchequer, during the
Space of one whole year. To which, as to the last remedy, as the King himſelf de-
clared, nothing could have moved him, but ſuch a conjuncture of affairs, when all
the Neighbouring Princes and States were making fuch threatning preparations,
that his Government could not be ſafe without appearing in the fame pofture.
About this time died Dr. Cofens Biſhop of Durham and Count Palatine there,
in the 77th year of his Age, and was buried at Aukland neer Durbam.
Sir George Downing being now in Holland, according to his particular
Inftructions, was very urgent with the States, in the affair of the Flag, and by
feveral Inftances and feveral Memorials prefs'd for an Anſwer to his Demands:
but finding all their delays infufferable, and all his endeavours confequently
fruitless, in a few Moneths returned for England; but after a private Exami-
nation by fome of the Lords of the Council, and report made thereof to the
King, he was by his Majesty's Warrant committed to the Tower for not having
obey'd the Orders ſent him.
It was not ſafe, while we are going to Wars abroad, to have diffention at
homes and therefore the King put forth a ſeaſonable Declaration of his will
and pleaſure freely to indulge all Nonconformifts and diffenting perfons in
matters of Religion; afferting however his refolution to maintain the Doctrine
and Diſcipline of the Church of England as it was eſtabliſh'd.
And now they, who would return no answer to Sir George Downing, are
Summoned by Sir Robert Holmes to remember their Duty in another manner:
For upon the 13th of this Moneth, five of the King's Frigats, crufing by the
Ifle of Wight, met with the Dutch Fleet of Smyrna-men, and others, to the
number of 50 Sail, convoy,d by fix Men of War: Above 20 of their Mer
chant-men carried between twenty and forty Guns apiece. The Engliſh Fri-
zeer the Iſle of gats coming neer, fhot at them, to make them ftrike and lower their Sail;
Wight.
which when the Dutch refus'd to do, the Fight began in the Afternoon, and
continued till Night; the three Frigats more coming in, the next Morning
they fought again, and all that day. In the Evening, five of their richeſt Mer-
chant-men were taken; their Rear-Admiral was Boarded by Captain John
Holmes, but was fo leaky that the funk immediately. In this action Sir Ro
bert Holmes was Admiral, the Earl of Offery Vice Admiral, and Sir Freſche
vil Hollis Rear-Admiral.
war declar'd
against the
Dutch.
!
x
The first blow thus given, the King publishes his Declaration of War againft
the States General of the United Provinces, to this effect : That the diſſatisfaction
his Majesty had in the carriage of the States General of the United Provinces
towards him for fome years past, being come to that pajs, that be could no longer
Mar. 166%. without the diminution of his own Glory diſſemble the indignation rais'd in bim,
by a Treatment fo unfuitable to the great Obligations which he and his Predecef
fers bad fo liberally heap'd upon them, he was refolv'd to declare a War againſt them i
war proclaim' d forbidding all his Subjects to bold correfpondence with them upon pain of death.
againſt Hol-
This Declaration was with the folemnities openly Proclaimed at the uſual
land
places
1671.
583
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
places both in London and Westminsters of which more in the fucceeding years.
And now to ſhare in the Triumphs of this War, Sir Edward Sprague re- Sir Edward
turns, happy in the favours which his Prince did afterwards beltow upon him Sprague com's
for his fervices in the Mediterranean Sea.
bome.
It ſtuck mightily in the Stomack of the Dutch, that the King of France
fhould lay fuch Impofitions upon their own Domeftick Manufactures; and
the King of France was glad it did; and therefore though they fent him word,
That unless he took off thofe Impofitions, he fhould not take it ill if they
laid an Impoft of 50 per Cent. upon Salt and all other Merchandifes of France:
And though they were at the charge of an Embaffador to prefs for an Anſwer
to this Affair, yet they found the King took no care to give 'um any fatisfa-
ction at all in that particular. They therefore thus exafperated, lay the Im-
pofition. The King fo exafperated, lays hold of the occafion, Taxes all Spi- The French
ces and Herring imported by the Bate and forbids his Subjects to lade any King contrcuts,
and increales
Brandy or other Commodities aboard a Holland-Veffels..
Impofitions on
threats.
Befides this, they faw the King of France's Forces drawing into a Body in Dutch Goods,
Flanders, and that with fuch an unuſual preparation, as the buying up of all notwithstan
the Flambeaux or Torches that could be got in the Country, as if the French ding their
intended to labour day and night,whereby all the adjacent parts began to be very French warlike
inquifitive into their own ftrength. Cologne at odds with her Elector, comes preparations
with much ado to reaſonable Terms, and in the mean time falls to Fortifying breeds jealou
with all her might: and the Emperour took that City fo far into his prote- fies.
ction, that he ſent the Marquis of Grana to keep it in his Name, to the Cologne for-
tifies.
great encouragement of the Inhabitants. Munter was fo kinde as to offer this
City his Forces for their affiftance, provided they would admit of no other Gar-
rison; but they thought it not convenient to accept of his offer. The Dutch The Dutch for-
tifie Mae-
repair the Works of Maestricht, re-inforcing the Garriſon with Men and Pro- ftricht.
vilion, fearing the violence of the Storm there. The Duke of Newburgh for- Newburg for-
tifies Duffeldorp upon the Rhine, careful of the Imperal Territories. Monterey tifies Duffel-
in Flanders makes it his utmoft endeavour to raiſe Men and Money for the de- dorp, and
fence of the remaining part of the Spaniſh Jurifdictions.
Montery rai-
fes men in
In this interim of time, the two Dukes of Brunswick refolving to bring Flanders.
that City to that obedience which they affirm'd to be due, and challeng'd from it, Brunſwick B÷-
lay Siege to the Town with confiderable Forces the Townfmen within made ſieged.
notable refiftance for the time; but when the Duke's Army began to ap-
proach nèer the Walls, and were ready to fling their Granadoes and other
Combustible ſtuff in their very Houfes; they were forc'd, to furrender on Con-
ditions, that the Magiftrates and Inhabitants ſhould do Homage to the Duke of
Wolfenbuttel, as the reft of his Subjects, receive and pay his Garrison, and pay They furrender.
moreover a confiderable ſum of Money for their diſobedience.
?
Thofe Flames that could not have their will upon Brunswick, are now raging.
upon the beautiful Efcurial, the moft magnificent piece of work in all Spain,
if not in Europe. It was feveral days confuming; and among other things, The Efcurial
was deftroy'd the famous Library there; a lofs the moft confiderable, as being burnt.
moſt difficult, if not altogether impoffible to be repair de
:
F
deavour to get
Affiftants.
Bat to return to other Combuftions, in the midit whereof we finde the
Dutch labouring all they could to get the Dane and Swede on their fide. But
the King of France had put the Dane and they far enough afunder; for the The Dutch en-
King of Denmark having referred the matter in difference concerning the re-
maining Subfidies due from the States to that Crown to the King of France,
He makes an Award for the payment of five Millions of Crowns Principal,
and one Million Intereft, fo that it was in vain for Amerongen to Sollicite trete
till the States had ſubmitted to that advantageous determination Befides
that the continual Negotiations of the King of Englands Embilladors and
extraordinary Envoys had no finall influence upon thofe Crown's fo that the
Negotiation of Van Haren gave little fatisfaction to his Masters:
*
Their Confultations are therefore all employed for provifion of Men
and
1
584
1672.
A bzief Account of Tranſactions in
:
and Arms and left they fhould want a Head, the Prince of Orange is now
The Prince of by the general Confent of the States in a full Affembly, made their Captain-
Orange made General, and Admiral, for that Campagne; engaging to renew it again, after
their Captain Expiration, during Life: Commiffioners were allo appointed to Aflift him;
De Wit, Van Putten, and others.
General.
The Emperor of
fers to Mediate.
DutchEmbafa
dor fighted at
Paris,
The Emperor feeing things at this height, offer'd his own Mediation be-
tween the King of France and the States; but it now proved too late. And as
for the Queen-Regent of Spain, the King of France had fent to know Her po-
fitive Anſwer, how fhe would behave her felf in this juncture of Affairs; but
The being a Lady, took time to give in her Anſwer.
Nor was it without fome kinde of flight, that the Dutch Embaflador was
difmift from Paris, when defiring leave for his laft Audience, and a Pafs for
the ſafe Tranſporting his Goods by Sea, Reply was made, That for his Au-
dience, be might have it Jo faon as he led; but for his Goods, they were
to be view'd by the Officers of the Cufto, before they could ſtir.
}
Anno Dom. 1672.
care of, for the
Merchants.
Conveys taken HE War with the Year being thus openly begun, the King of England
THE
in the first place takes care for the fecurity of his own Subjects Tra-
ding by Sea, by allowing them fufficient Convoys, and giving them liberty
to Sayl their Veffels with the affiftance of what Forrein Marriners they could
procure; taking particular Order alfo against the fculking, and abfconding of
fuch Officers and Sea-men who were his own Natural Subjects.
Several Lords
call'd to the
Privy Council
King of France
begins bis
March.
Turrenne
And knowing that Actions of Importance depend in their fuccefs upon
good Advice, he called to his Privy Council four perfons of great Honour
and Integrity: Henry Marquefs of Worcester, Prefident of the Council of Wales i
Arthur Earl of Effex; Thomas Viſcount Falconbridge; and George Viſcount
Hallifax; and foon after, Sir Thomas Osburn Baronet.
While the King of England is preparing his Fleet by Sea, the King of France
leaving the Management of Affairs at home in the Hands of the Queen,
begins his March at the Head of his Main Army himself; and firft he Arrive
at Charleroy, the chief place of Rendezvous; whence he fends to Montery, to
affure him, that though he were conftrain'd to March through thofe Countries,
yet he would take care, that not the leaſt Act of Hoftility ſhould be com
mitted.
Toward the beginning of May, Turenne appeared within a League of Mae-
blocks up Mae- ftricht, which was foon after wholly Blockt up in which condition the
King leaving it, March'd directly with the groſs of his Army toward Rhine-
bergh.
ftricht.
Fight between
Dutch.
In the mean while, at Sea, the, Engliſh Fleet, being in all, Engliſh and French,
the English and 160 Sayl, had often fight of the Dutch; But upon the 28th of this Month,
about five of the Clock in the Morning, a moſt brisk Fight began, near the
Bay of Southwold. The Blew Squadron firft Engaged, and the Royal James
was the firft Ship that fir'd; next to which, his Royal Highness, who was
becalm'd: but the Blew Squadron, and the French, having a Gale, came up
with the Duke, and Fought briskly: In the Afternoon of the day, the Sove-
raign, St. Andrew, and about 20 more, getting the Weather-gage of the Dutch,
were hotly Engag'd: about which time, the James being over-preft with
Number of Men of War, and Firefhips, a Flag-ſhip of the Dutch lay'd him-
felf athwart his Hawfer; but finding his Entertainment too hot, cry'd out
for quarter; whereupon,the English entring, and leaving the James naked, the
Firefhips took their advantage, two of which were funk, the third took place,
and fir'd a ftout fhip, where the Earl of Sandwich perifh'd for want of Reliefs
but
1671.
585
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
1
but his Captain, Captain Haddock escaped with a hot in his Thigh. The
Henry, and Two other fhips more, were likewife difabled. At Night the
Dutch food away; which the Duke perceiving, flood after them, keeping in
fight of their Lights all Night: In the afternoon of the next day,the Duke hois'd
up his Bloody Flag, and bore lasking upon the Dutch, intending a fecond
Engagement: but on a ſuddain, there fell fuch a thick Mift, with much Wind,
that they could not fee a bips length: about an hour and a half after, it cleer'd
up again, and the Bloody Flag was put out a fecond time; but the Fog.com-
ing thick again, nothing could be done. Whereupon, the Duke finding him-
felf near the Oyster-Bank, Tack'd about, ſtood away fome Leagues, and came
to an Anchor: there he ftaid all Night, and the next Morning till Ten a
Clock, but could hear nothing of the Enemy; who were retir'd to the fhal-
lows of their own Coaft. In this Engagement were loft out-right, the Earl
of Sandwich, Captain Digby in the Henry, Sir John Cox in the Prince, Sir Freſ-
chevile Hollis, Montieur de la Rabinier the French Rear Admiral, with feveral
others: feveral others Wounded; about ſeven hundred Common Sea-men flain,
and as many Wounded; and the Royal James only Burn,d. In the Henry,not
an Officer was left alive, and above halt the Men lain. The Katharine was
taken, and the Captain put on Board a Dutch fhip, and the Men clapt under
Hatches; the Dutch going about to Fire the ſhip, at what time a French Sloop
came in, and cut away the Firefhips Boat; and then the Engliſh finding a way
to break out upon the Dutch, redeem'd both themſelves and the fhip, and
brought away Sixteen of the Dutch Frifoners, that were a little before their
Masters.
On the Dutch fide were loft,Admiral Van Ghent, and Captain Brakbel: moft
of their great ſhips miferably torn; among the reft, two funk, one by the Earl --
of Sandwich, another by Sir Edward Sprage; one taken, and one Burn'd ;
beſides a very great lofs of Common Seamen: another great Veffel, ſupposed
to be a Flag-ſhip, was feen to fink neer Alhorough; and ſeveral others that were
miffing, fuppos'd to be funk or burn'd. As this was no fmall lofs at Sea, con
fidering fome advantage they had, to be beaten into their own Ports; fo was
their lofs as great by Land, the French having at the fame time taken Rhine- taken from the
berg, Wefel, Oyfup, and Burick: Groll, Borkelo, taken by the Biſhop of Munfter: Hollanders.
and after them, Rees, Sckenk, Sconce, and ſeveral others, underwent the fame
Fate, poffeffed by the French Nor was this all, for the French without much
refiftance, had now forc'd their Paffage over the Rhine, neer Tolbuys.
Several Townes,
French.
This neer Approach of the French bred fuch a Confufion in the Netherlands, Hollanders
that many of the moft wealthy Inhabitants forfook the Country, not willing confus'd at the
toard their Perfons and Eftates in a Country falling into the hands of a fuccefs of the
Victorious Forreigner. The States alfo themselves remov'd from the Hague,
to Amfterdam, for their better fecurity; opening the Sluces, and putting the
Country round under Water, to the dammage of above:18 Millions of Gil-
ders.
•
મ
1
The King of England being throughly informed of theſe Proceedings, The King of En-
puts forth a feafonable Declaration; fignifying, That if any of the Low Coun- glands Decla
try Subjects, either out of Affection to His Majesty or bis Government, or becanfe the Dutch Sub-
vation, inviting
of the oppreffion they meet with at home from their Governours, (hould come jects into En-
into bis Kingdoms, they should be Protected in their Perfons and Eftates that gland.
they should have an Act for their Naturalization; and that all ſuch Ships and
Veffels as they should bring along with them, should be accompted as Englith
built, and enjoy the fame Priviledges and Immunities, as to Trade, Navigation,
and Customs, as if they had been built in England, or belong'd to his own
Subjects.
་
And to reſtrain the Licentious Tongues of thofe that were apt to talk took
bufily and fawcily of State-Affairs, the King did farther by his Proclamationi
forbid all his loving, Subjects, either by Writing or Speaking, to divulge or after
falfe News or Reports, or to intermeddle in matters of Government, or With
any
586
1672.
A biek Account of Transactions in
Dutch more and
tiny.
any of his Majesties Councellors or Minifters, in their common Difcourfes.
All this while, the Dutch at Land began to be more and more freightned:
more diftreffed. for on the one fide, the King of France was Advanc'd within Three Leagues
of Amsterdam; Arnhem, Utrecht, and Zutphen, and Emmerick, furrendred up
to him: on the other fide, the Bishop of Munter prefs'd hard upon Frizeland,
having taken Deventer, Groll,Borkelo Doetechem, and ſeveral other Places of leffer
The People Mu- Confequence; infomuch that the People began to Tumult in all places, but
more eſpecially at Dort, whither they fent for the Prince of Orange, where
as he was at Dinner with the Lords at the Paw, being the Principal Houſe
in the Town, the Burgers who were in Arms, furrounded the Houfe, and
fent up their Captains, to tell the Lords, That except they prefently drew up
a Paper and put their Hands to it, for declaring the Prince Stadt-holder,
they would Cut all their Throats: whereupon, the Paper was immediately
drawn up and figned; by which the faid Prince was declard Stadt-holder, with
all the Powers and Authorities, in as ample manner as any of his Anceſtors
had enjoy'd they alſo renounc'd that perpetual Edict, by which they had ob-
lig'd themſelves never to admit of a Stadtbolder; and difcharg'd the Prince
of the Oath he had taken, never to accept of that Dignity: which thing
thus begun by a Tumult, was afterwards Confirmed in a full Affembly of
the States General.
Prince of O-
range declar'd
Stadtholder.
The Condition of
the Dutch.
land.
There were at this time taken from them by the French, ſeveral Towns and
Forts,fome of them of great Importance: and by the Biſhop of Munſter ſix; and
befides this, by the former Maestricht, by the latter Groninghen Befiedg'd: their
Fleet in Port, patching up their bruifes. Yet now the King of England com-
paſſionating their Condition, and believing thofe misfortunes might have ten-
The Duke of dred 'um more humble, fent over the Duke of Buckingham, and the Earl of
Buckingham, Arlington, to try if now at length they would hearken to any Reaſonable
and the Earl Terms of Accommodation. It was remarkable with what joy and ſatis-
of Arlington
ent into Hol- faction they were receiv'd by the People; the Men, Women, and Children
joyning in their Acclamations as they pafs'd along the Streets, God bless the
King of England: God bless the Prince of Orange: and the Devil take the States.
They paffed from Holland through the Prince of Orange's Camp to Utrecht,
where they found the King of France, who had now reduc'd the whole Pro-
vince; of whom they had their Publick Audience in the Camp: thither
likewiſe came the Lord Hallifax, fent by the King of England as his En-
voy Extraordinary; and was, after his Audience, joyn'd with them in Com
miffion: being thus all together, they attended the Motion of the Camp, in
expectation of Plenipotentiaries from Holland, upon their laft Propofition
While they are upon Extraordinary Affairs abroad, Henry Coventry qi
now returned from Sweden, is made Secretary of State at home, in the room
of Sir John Trevor deceas'd; and the Duke of Richmond Arrives in Sweden
Embaffador Extraordinary from the Court of England, where he afterwards.
Dy'd.
Duke of Buck-
ingham and
Earl of Arling-
ton return.
Toward the Latter end of this Month, the Duke of Buckingham, Earl of
Arlington, and Lord Hallifax, Arriv'd at White-Hall; having expected four-
teen days in the French Camp, the return of the Dutch Deputies: To that all
which they effected at that time; was a Promiffory Act between the two Kings,
not to treat or conclude without a Participation and Inclufion of each others In-
terefts: which was afterwards formed into Articles, and Ratifi'd and Exchang›d
with the French Embaffadour at London.
The King of France had now drawn the Grofs of his Army from the Neigh
bourhood of Amsterdam, Marching for Boys-le-due and Maestricht, both which
he left block'd up; the first by Turenne, the fecond by Chamille; and being
ſatisfi'd at prefent with the Victorious Progrefs he had made, returned for
Paris.
}
Yet the taking of Nimmenghen by Storm, wherein were made Priſoners
of War 4000 of the beft Soldiers which the Dutch had, and the appearance
of
167?.
587
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
of the English Fleet upon the Coaft of Holland, was occafion enough to con-
tinue the Tumults and Infurrections, which were now fo general, that there was
fcarce a Town in Holland where the people were not Maſterlefs.
'Tis true, the heat of Action began to cool for fome time; nor did the Eng
lifh Fleet do any thing more confiderable, but onely keep the Seas, befides
that they mift the taking of the Dutch East-Indie-Fleet, of which there was Engliſb mifs
only this account, that the Cambridge and Bristol, being upon the Scout, had the Dutch
met with the East Indie-Fleet, with whom there happen'd a ſmart Encounter, Eaſt-Iodie-
infomuch that the Cambridge was forced to ly by to fplice her Rigging and that Fleet.
though they both followed 'um again, and gave 'um many Broad-fides; yet bes
caule they could no way ieparate 'um, nor the Bristol could carry out her lower
tire, they were forc'd to quit the Fight: Only one ſhip too feverely chac›d, was
forc'd to destroy her felf.
This Moneth, the Earl of Effex arriv'd in Ireland, and having taken the Earl of Effex
ufual Oath, had the Sword delivered to him as Lord-Deputy of Ireland, in the Lord-Deputy of
room of the Lord Berkley.
In Holland, the Prince of Orange, being now fetled in the Supream Authori-
ty, did not a little win the favour of the people, by endeavouring to call to an
account the chief of thoſe who had been their former Leaders. Among the
Ireland.
reft, he Imprifons Ruart Van Putten, and his Brother De Wit. Van Putten was the fall of De
accus'd of an Intention to have deftroyed the Prince of Orange by the affiftance Wit and Van
of a Barber, who was to have received from him a confiderable fum of Money Putten.
for doing it.
The Court of Holland, upon examination of their Crimes, having Condem-
ned both the Brothers to loſe all their dignities and employments, and order
ed 'um to quit the Country as Baniſh'd men; Thereupon De Wit goes to the
Priſon to fetch away his Brother; but the people being incenfed that they de
ferved a greater punishment, as they were coming out again, forc'd 'um back'
again, broke open the Prifon-door, hai'd 'um out; and thus the Rabble ha-
ving got 'um into their poffeffion, never left till they had beat and trampled
'um to death. This not fufficing, they dragg'd their dead Bodies about" the
Streets, cut off their Fingers and Ears, and then hung 'um up naked by the Heels
upon the Gallows: fuch was the miferable end of thofe two Brothers.
-The first good fortune that befel the Dutch, next to that of the efcape of
their Eat-Indie Fleet, was the defence of Groninghen, to which the Bishop of
Munter had laid a moft furious and clote Siege; but notwithſtanding all his
tury, after ſeveral attacques, and the lofs of many men, was at length forced
to break up his Siege and depart, having battered and burnt down above two
hundred Houſes with his Guns and Granadoes.
י
❤
The Dutch had, no question, promifed themfelves great matters from the
Emperour; but there was nothing appear'd to give them any hopes, till at
length a general Treaty was concluded for the publick Security and general De
tence of the Empire, at Ratisbone which though it prov'd flow, as paffing
three Colledges, That of the Electors, That of the Princes, and That of the
Free-Towns; yet after this Conclufion, the Imperial Forces being upon their
march from one fide, and the Brandenburgher on the other, to make a conjun
ction upon the Frontiers of the Enemy, made a very feaſonable diverfion to The Confede-
give the Netherlander ſome breathing time; fo that Turenne was forc❜d to rates divert
draw off to attend their motion toward Leipstadt, and the Bishop of Munter the French.
thought it convenient to look toward his own Territories for fear of the Bran-
denburgber.
{
A
;\
chang'd in
:
So that now the Prince of Orange had fome time to look after the Civil
affairs, and to ſettle diforders at home; which he did by a change of the Ma-
giſtrates in moſt of the Towns of the Low Countries wherein he was not a lit- Magiftrates
The encouraged, by the fatisfaction which it gave the generality of the people, Holland.
who now began to be by little and little better compofed in their mindes.
In England, the Parliament, which was to have met in October next, was Parl.adjourn'd
Gggg
upon
{
1
588
The Duke of
York returns
from the Fleet,
and Action
ceaſes.
claration.
A brief Account of Transactions in
1672.
upon weighty confiderations adjourned till the fourth of February follow-
ing.
But in Scotland the Parliament had fate till this very time, and had made
feveral Acts for the publick good of the Nation; among the reft, one that
gave toward the defraying the King's Expences 864000 l. Sterling.
About this time alfo, the Duke returning to London from the Fleet, put an
end to all further expectations of any confiderable actions at Sea this year.
But to return to the French Camp: Marſhal Turenne, upon the approach of
the Imperialiſts and Brandenburgbers, fends to the Electors and Princes of the
Turenne's De- Empire, to let them know in the King of France's Name, I bat it was not the
King's intention to meddle with any thing that belonged to the Empire; and that
if any of his Troops bad entred into it, it was the inevitable confequences of the
War against the United Provinces: and therefore understanding that feveral For-
ces were upon their march toward his Conquests, to disturb bis Poffeffion, and to give
occaſion of jealouſie to his Allies, he was therefore obliged to paß his Army over the
Rhine. And as for the Duke of Brandenburgh, that the King had frequently
requeſted him not to meddle with a War in which he bad no concern. And there-
fore, if things went further, they were defir'd to take notice, that it was once in
their power to have preferved the peace of the Empire, and their own.
!
Sir Edward
Sprague
Spoyles the
Dutch Fishing.
Prince of O-
range fucceeds
ik.
Earl of Shaftſ
bury Lord-
Chancellor.
Lord Clifford
Lord-Treasurer
Stop upon the
Exchequer con-
tinued.
The Elector of Cologne and Biſhop of Munter openly declared at the Dyet
againſt the March of the Imperialiſts; but the reft being for the moſt part
Deputies, could make no Reply without larger Commiffions. But the Duke of
Hanover abſolutely ſhew'd his diſlike of their March, by denying them paſſage
through his Territories.
But now Sir Edw. Sprague gives us occafion to return to Sea again, who being
left with a Squadron to keep the Seas, went to the Northwards, where he ſpoil'd
the Dutch Fiſhing-trade, taking á Bufs, ſeveral Doggers, and
350 Priſoners.
By Land, Fortune might have been more kinde to a young General, fuch as
was the Prince of Orange, in his first attempts; but ſhe favour'd him not at all.
For whereas he thought to have done great things, he had ftill the worſt in
all his chiefeft defignes; firft at Woerden, which he thought to have retaken
from the French; but being encounter'd by the Duke of Luxemburgh, was forc'd
to retreat with the lofs of above 1500 of his men: the fecond time at Charle-
roy, which he had furrounded with the affiftance of Count Marcin, in order to
lay a formal Siege to the place; but being affail'd from without by the Sieur
Montal, and by the Garrifon from within, he was forc'd to raife his Siege and
march off, having loft neer 700 of his Souldiers: the laft, in his attacque upon
Swart-fluce, where his defigne again failing, above 1600 of the Dutch came
fhort home.
As for any thing elſe this year, there was little confiderable done, either by the
Prince, Turenne, or Bournonvile, who was now General of the Imperialists in
the place of Montecuculi. Onely a kinde of Chefs-play among the great Com-
manders, and moving of the Armies from place to place as the Commanders
faw moft for their advantage: yet for all that, Turenne got ground, and advan-
ced as far as Hoxter.
Returning home, we finde fome changes of great Officers. The Lord-Kee-
per Bridgeman defirous through Age to refigne his place, the Earl of Shafts-
bury was in his room made Lord-Chancellor of England; and not long after,
the Commiflioners of the Treaſury laid afide, and Thomas Lord Clifford Con-
trouler, made Lord High Treaſurer.
And now the time coming on for opening the Exchequer again, the King
by another Declaration fignified, that the fame inevitable Neceffities ftill conti-
nuing, which urg'd him to make the firft ftop, did now compel him to make a
fecond till the firit of May enfuing.
In Holland, the Duke of Luxenburgh, General for the King of France, taking
advantage of the Froft, with a great body of men advances almost as tar as
Leiden,
1
1672.
589
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
.
Leyden, forces the Dutch from the strong Pofts of Bodegrave, Newerbrug, and
Swammerdam, and takes them; which put the Cities of Leyden and Amſter-
dam into fuch a Confternation, that the Dutch to defend themſelves were forc'd
to cut their Dikes, and put the Country under Water; which caus'd fuch an
Inundation, that all the courfe Goods in Cellars and Ware-houſes were utterly
fpoiled, being fored to bring all their Cattle into New Town, and to kill great
numbers of them, meerly for want of Fodder for them. But among all theſe
dilafters, the retaking of Coverden did not a little revive them, which they took
with little lofs; the Bishop of Munster having drawn out a confiderable part of
the Garriſon a little before upon fome other defigne.
Toward the beginning of December, the Duke of Richmond, Extraordinary Duke of Rich-
Embaſſador from the King of England to the Court of Denmark, departed mond dies.
this life. He had been at Elfenore to diſpatch the Engliſh Fleet there, in a fea- Parl. meet.
fon of much Snow, and very exceffive Cold; whence going aboard the Tar-
mouth-Frigat, toward the Evening he return'd to fhore in the hips Pinnace; but
in his paffage was fo pierc'd with the extremity of the ſharp Air, that before"
he came to the Shore he was infenfible of what he did, and in that condition
being carried to his Calefche, expired therein in his paffage to Elfenore.
Upon his death, the vacant honour of Knight of the Garter was fupplied by
the Earl of Southampton, who was immediately Elected by the Soveraign and
Companions of the Order.
It was no time to act, but to provide for War; and therefore the King, in
order to his preparations for the next Spring, for the encouragement of his
Seamen, puts forth a Proclamation, promifing to every Seaman, that would
voluntarily Lift themſelves in a Second Rate, a free Largefs to the value of fix
Weeks pays and to every one that would voluntarily Lift themselves in a
Third Rate, a free Largeſs to the value of one Moneths pay. And further,
that their Pay thould begin from the very firft day of their Lifting them-
felves.
€
Toward the latter end of the Year, the Parliament, the time of Proroga sir Job
tion being expired, met again; and being fummoned to attend the King in the Charleton
House of Lords, the Chancellor by the King's Command acquainted them, made Speaker.
that by the advancement of Sir Edward Turner to be Lord Chief Baron of the
Exchequer, the place of Speaker of the Houfe was void; and being thereupon
directed to chooſe a new one, they returned to the Houſe, and elected Sir Job
Charleton. • In the Afternoon of the fame day, the King met them again in the
-Lords Houſe, where, after he had approved their choice, he declared to them
the fuccefs and charge of the War, and his reſolutions to carry it on with their
affiftance for the honour of the Nation; which particulars were more largely infi-
fted upon by the Lord Chancellor.
The next day, being refoly'd into a Grand Committee, upon their taking into
confideration the King's and the Lord Chancellor's Speeches, they made an una-
nimous Vote, that a fupply ſhould be given the King of 18 Moneths Affeffment, 18 Months
not exceeding 70000 a Moneth. While they were thus acting, Sir Job Affeffment gi-
Charleton falls fick, and his Indifpofition continuing, the Houfe by the King's ven to the King.
pem ion chofe a new Speaker, Edward Seymor Efq by Name, a perfon of
great Loyalty and known ability,
30.
Soon after, they prefented the King an humble Addreſs for fatisfying and The Parl. make
compofing the mindes of his Majesties Subjects. To which the King return'd addres
for Answer,
That he did readily and freely agree thereto.
t
That on the other fide, it was five Moneths fince he had demanded a Supply,
and, that their Unanimous Vote, did both give life to bis Affairs, and difheart-
'ned the Enemy; but their delay would make them take new courage.
That the Enemy was preparing a greater Fleet than ever they had, and therefore
difir'd them that the fears and jealonfies of fome,might not bring a Ruine upon all
Gggg 2
That
to the King.
ติ
1
}
590
>
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1673.
That if there were any Scruples remaining with them, concerning the fufpention
of Penal Laws, He promis'd, that what had been already done, ſhould not be
drawn into future Example. Lastly,
That as be expected the Bill for his fupply fo He should as willingly receive
and pass any other, to give them fatisfaction.
The Effect of all which, appear'd at the beginning of the following Year.
Forrein Affairs, 1672.
>
The moſt important difference between the Leffer Princes and States of
Chriſtendom, was between the Duke of Savoy, and the State of Genoa,
who taking advantage of a difference between the Officers and Souldiers of
the Garrison, had furprised Oneglia, and the Territories thereto belonging.
Thereupon, the Duke with a ftrong Army invades the Jurifdiction of the
Genoefes; takes Guado the Key of the Genoefe State towards Montferrat; after
that Siffello, a moft delicious place, and full of rich Booty; together with
Justinefi. Not thus content, he over-ran all the Riviera toward Nizza, and
retakes the Principality of Oneglia: But then, by the Interpofition of the
King of France, firſt a Ceffation, then a Peace was Concluded.
Nor was Poland without a great ſhare of Civil Diffention, by reaſon of
great differences between one part of the Nobility, who were term'd Male-`
contents; and the other part of the Nobility, who fided with the King. The
Army under Sobieskie, undertook the Defence of the Male-contents; and Mar-
ches for Warfam, under pretence of protecting their Nobility, which were fo
feverely profecuted. The Archbishop of Gnefne, a potent Prelate, kept him-
felf from Court, in Oppofition to the Kings Interefts; though all endeavours
were uſed to reconcile him. In this pofture, the Popes Nuntio arrives to Me-
diate, but it was too hard a task to be accompliſht this Year.
From theſe troubles Cafimire having withdrawn himſelf, by a timely Re-
fignation, liv'd for fome time privately in France, where he this Year dy'd of
an Apoplexy at Nevers.
But his Death was not ſo much taken notice of, as the Death of the Em-
prefs, to whom this Year was equally Fatal.
THE
Anno Dom. 1673.
HE firft remarkable paffages of this year, were the Tranfactions in
Parliament; who being prefsed by the King for a Supply, fell with that
ſeriouſneſs and quickneſs to their Work, that by the latter end of March they
had compleated ſeveral Bills; among the reft, an Ad for raiſing the Sum of One
hundred thirty eight thouſand, ſeven hundred and fifty thousand pound, for ſup-
ply of bis Majefties Extraordinary occafions. And another Act of General and
Free Pardon: To which, when the King had given his Affent, the Parliament
Parl. Adjourn'd was Adjourn'd till the 20th of October next enfuing.
land.
About this time, the Earl of Northumberland being Dead, and the Fami-
James Piercy
pretends to the ly of the Peircies being Extinct, one James Percy, an ordinary Mechanick,
Earldom of coming out of Ireland, laid claim both to the Title and Eftate; and went fo
Northumber- far as to prefent a Petition to the Houfe of Lords, to hear him, in Relation
to his Claim, but when his Petition came to be read notwithstanding that he
had two Months time given him before, and that he had caus'd above forty
Witneffes to be fworn at the Bar, he made fo little of any probability appear to-
ward his ſaid Claim, that the Lords refolv'd that the Petition of the laid James
Percy ſhould be difmifs'd, and that they would confider how to proceed againſt
him as an Impoftor.
1
Much
1673.
591
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Much about this time was the Inland of Tabago taken from the Dutch, by The Island
the English, under the Command of Sir Tobias Bridges, with a Bcory of 400 Tabago token
priſoners, and as many Negroes; though a greater lofs hapn'd to the English, by the English.
by the taking of St. Hellen's by the Dutch; and might have prov'd a great Ob-
ftruction to the Trade of the Eat-Indies, had it not been foon after regain, d
by the English, with a more fatal Lofs to the Dutch, of Three very confide-
rable East-India fhips; which, with the regaining of the Ifland, was ſuch a ſea-
fonable piece of Service, perform'd by Captain Monday, that the King himſelf
thought it worthy the honour of a Knighthood, which was conferred upon
him at his return in August, when he brought along with him both the good
News and Prizes.
But now the Engliſh and Dutch Fleets being abroad, Actions of higher Im-
portance call to be related; wherein, it will not be amifs to follow the whole
Series of this Years Maritime Tranfactions, without any digreffion.
May 28.
The Belgians first got to Sea, and fhewd themſelves at the Rivers Mouth, Dutch at Sea.
with an intention to have flopt up the Mouth of the Thames, by finking feve-
ral great Ships in the Narrow Paffages of the Channel called the Middle-ground ;
but the broadneſs of the Channel, and the commodiouſneſs of other Chan-
nels, rendred their Attempts altogether in vain. Prince Rupert, who Com-
manded the English Fleet, that he might not feem to be ſhut in, fails toward
the Enemy; who unwilling to abide his coming, recover their own Shoar:
The Prince therefore fails away for the Streights of Calis, with an intention
to joyn with the Fleet from Portsmouth, and the French; and coming to Dan-
ganefs, there cafts Anchor, in expectation of their coming, who were not long
abfent in this interim, no fmall danger threatned the Admiral, by which
the Edgar and Lyon were forc'd from their Anchors, by the accidental firing
of a Firefhip. But now the French, confiſting of 27 great Ships, and the Portf
mouth Fleet, being joyn'd with the reft of the Navy, the Prince refolves to
vifit the Dutch Coaft, and comes before Schonevelt, where the Fleet of the Ene-
my lay: the Prince's intention was, to have Engag'd, but the Sea growing May 25.
rough, they came to an Anchor till the 28th. The morning proving fair,
and a freſh Gale, the English prepare to Engage, to which end, the Prince
Commands fome 35 of the more nimble Frigats to provoke 'um out of the
Sands, with which they lay furrounded: but they, contrary to expectation,
boldly come forth, and in excellent order oppofe Force to Force, by which
means it happen'd, that while thofe leffer Frigats retreated to their own, they
extreamly difordered the reft of the Fleet: yet the Battle was defperately
Fought. The French that could come up, fought well, with whom the En-
gliſh intermixt, out of their eagerness entangled one another. Among the reſt,
moft covetous to engage was the Earl of Offſory; but being pefterd among the
French, falling foul upon an English Frigat, and entangled with one of our
own Firefhips, he had much ado to free himself: he was no fooner clear, but
he was Attacqued by De Ruyter, and all the Squadron that followed him,
whom with a valt Courage he ftoutly refifted, and gave as good as they brought.
The Prince in the Van, drave the Enemy before him; and purfu,d them as
far as he could for the Shallows and Sands: whofe Magnanimous and In-
vincible Example, was moft ftrenuoufly follow'd by Captain Legge, Wetwang,
and others at length,, Night put an end to the Combate. The Dutch re-
tir'd to their old ftation; the English lay by all Night, under Sayl. Of com-
mon Men of the English, were very few loft; and not one Ship: Captains
there were flain, Fowles, Finch, Tempet, and Woorden. On the part of the
Dutch were kill'd, Vice-Admiral Schram,. Rear-Admiral Vlugh, and fix more
Captains their lofs of Men was confiderable; but only one Ship call'd the
Deventer was taken.
Both parties affumd to themſelves the Honour of the Victory: the Dutch,
becauſe they had remov'd the Affaylors; The English, becauſe they had bea-
ten the Dutch into their Lurking holes.
The
•
t
592
June 4.
July 17.
July 20.
Auguſt 10.
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
1672⁰
The next three days were spent in repairing the Ships damages; wherein
the Dutch had the advantage, as having their fupplies ready at hand from their
own fhore. In the beginning of June the Dutch changed their ftation, but
loft a fair opportunity: For the Wind favour'd them, and the Weather was
hazy, so that if they had then took their advantage to have fallen upon the
Engliſh, who lay fcatter'd for the advantage of Repairing, they might have
expofed the Engliſh Fleet to fome danger. But the English obferving the mo-
tion of the Enemy, prefently make ready; which the other perceiving, let fall
their Anchors, as the Engliſh did likewiſe, having drawn their Fleet firft into a
Line, which reached at leaſt three Leagues in length.
The Dutch again make fail; and Sprague believing they did it onely to
change their ftation as before, and not with an intention to fight, made the lefs
hafte to bear up; whereby it came to paſs that he loft the Wind, which by ma-
king hafte he might have gained. The French were in the middle: the Prince
in the Rear eager to come to blows, prefs'd upon the French; the French upon
Sprague, which made no ſmall confufion. But what Sprague did amiſs in de-
lay, he recompenced in fighting courageously; nor did he give out till his fhip
was ſo maim'd that he was forc'd to retire into whoſe place the Earl of Offory
fucceeding, maintained the Diſpute with equal bravery.
The Dutch now perceiving the Engliſh ſtanding North- Weft, fearing to loſe
the Wind which they had ſo tavourable to them, did the like; which was the
reaſon that the day began to cloſe before their ſhot did any execution, having
fpent thousands of Bullets all the day in vain; at which time the Prince chang-
ing out of the Royal Charles into the Soveraign, continu'd the Fight the greateſt
part of the Night, having no other light than the fire of the Guns, and the
Flame of feveral Boats, that, being fir'd by one accident or another, floated up
and down upon the Sea. By break of day the English faw the ſhore neer
Layftaff, but no Enemy, but onely a fmall part of the Rear, the reft having
withdrawn themſelves in the dark. A Council of War was thereupon call'd:
fome were of opinion to purſue the Enemy, but the greateſt part adviſed to
return to the Thames; their Ammunition being ſpent, and many fhips very
much out of repairs which, by reafon of the first retreat of the Enemy, they
might do without any prejudice to their honour. There was no great lofs of
Common Seamen. Of Captains, onely Sadlington and White. The French
loft fome Fire-fhips. And the Earl of Offery funk one by his fide. Not a ſhip
of the Engliſh was wanting: nor could the lofs of the Dutch be very great, in
regard they fought at a diſtance, and ftrove rather to keep the advantage they
had got, than to offend their Enemies.
}
The middle of July was spent before the Fleet could be got ready agains
which was no fooner done, but in the prefence of the King himself the Fleet
weighed, and the fame night got into the Gunfleet, and thence to the Ne The
next day they made for the Dutch Coaft, and the following day they perceiv'd
the Dutch about eight Leagues off of Zealand; who feeing the Engliſh prepare
to engage, return'd to their own fhore, not daring to hazard themfelves in the
open Sea far from their Sanctuaries. At length, understanding De Ruyter to be
about the Goree, the English make thither: toward night they faw the Dutch
Fleet 5 but it being late, they thought fit to ſtay till Morning In the mean
while, the Dutch by ftealth in the night got the Weatherigage, and by break of
day ſhew'd themſelves above us. De Ruyter, having thus got between the Eng-
lith and Camperdown, according to his own defire, bote directly upon the Eng-
lifh sowhich the Prince perceiving, changing his courſe about feven a clock, in
excellent order food to the S. Weft. The French led the Van, the Prince in the
middle, Sprague brought up the Rear The Dutch came boldly on Bankert
attacques the French, De Ruyter the Prince, and Tromp engaged Sprague. Then
was it incredible to think how equally, and with how much vigour the Fight
was maintain'd: But by and by the French in the Van, thinking to get the
Wind, fail'd away; which Bankert perceiving, leaving a few thips to obferve
*
•
their
1672.
593
England, Scotland and Freland, &c.
their motion, with the reft falls in with De Ruyter upon the Prince; nor did the
French when they had got the Wind come up to his affittance, onely Martel
with much courage ſtood by him. As for Tromp fiercely bearing up upon&pragué,
he was as undauntedly receiv'd by Sprague, who flackned his Sails in expecta-
tion of him; which the reft of the Squadron obferving, it fell out that be-
ing by this means feparated, the Squadrons could not relieve one another as
they should have done. The courage of both Captains was equal, and their
defire of Glory the fame.. The Wind however favour'd the Dutch, and they
refas'd to come neer, but fought at a diſtance. About Noon, the Wind chang-
ing, Sprague, who before ſtood to the South, now bore Weftward, follow'd by
the Earl of Offory. Trump till engag'd with Sprague; Tromp's Second with
the Earl of Oory. In the Afternoon Sprague lay by to repair his Rigging;
but his ſhip being at the fame time difabled by two unhappy fhot, he left the
Veffel, and taking the Flag along with him, hafts to the St. George, and puts
up the flag; which when the Earl of Offory faw, who had in the mean time
brought new Forefails to his Yards, he fent Norborough to tell him, that if he
would, he would ſet upon Tromp, and board him if he had affiftance: Sprague
praiſes his refolution, bids him go on, and he would immediately be with
him. But his fuddain death was the lofs of a Noble Defigne: For he had not
been long aboard the St. George, when through the lofs of her Main-maſt he
was forc'd to forfake her too; and as he was going aboard the Royal Charles,
the Boat being thatter'd to pieces by an accidental fhot, he was himſelf drown'd
in the Ocean, over which he had fo often Triumph'd.
·
After Sprague's ſhip had lost her Mafts, Tromp confident of carrying her, bore
up briskly and gave her a Broad-fide, and brought up two Fire-fhips, but all in
vain; for as he paſed by, he was fo- feverely gall'd by the Earl of Offory, that
he had hardly time to discharge fix of his own Guns: Neither did the Earl of
Offory leave the Flag-fhip till he faw her row'd off by the Hampshire. Tromp
fufficiently wearied, having got his Squadron together, at firit retird; but
when he faw De Ruyter coming toward him, he ſtay'd. By and by the Prince
was to be diſcerned a far off with his Squadron, who had born the brunt of
the Zealand-Squadron and De Ruyter all the day; for the French, having
gain'd the Wind in the beginning of the Fight, never came in; but at two of
the clock the Prince and De Ruyter, as it were by conſent, feem'd to leave off:
for both being follicitous for the reft of their Fleets,whom they faw afar off, fail'd
peaceably, and directed their courſe toward their Friends, though all the while
within Cannon-fhot.. But now De Ruyter being joyn'd with his own, falls
upon the Blue, endeavouring to feparate that Squadron from the Prince'; but
in vain, the Prince making all hafte to come in, and the other feaſonably joyning
with him. Then began a moft fharp difpute on both fides, at what time the
Prince fending two Fire-fhips, guarded by Captain Leg, upon the Enemy, put
them into fuch a confufion, that had the French then, come in, being, as they
were, Mafters of the Wind, the Difpute with the Dutch concerning the Do-
minion of the Sea had certainly been at an end.
The Dutch loft two Flag-Officers, feveral Captains, and about 1000 Com-
mon Seamen. Among the Engliſh, Sprague was much lamented, Captain
Neve was flain, Reeves and Heywood died of their Wounds. Of the French,
but one Commander flain. The lofs of Common English Seamen was not fo
great, being chiefly in the Earl of Offory's and Sir Edward Sprague's fhips.
«About the middle of June, the Lord Clifford of Chudleigh refign'd his Staff
as Lord-Treaſurer into the King's hands, and Sir Thomas Osborn, created Vif-
count Os born of Dumblaine in Scotland,and afterwards Earl of Danby in England
was made Lord-Treaſurer in his room.
Upon the 10th of October, the Parliament meeting according to their laft Ad-
journment, were Prorogu'd by Commiffion till the 27th of the fame Moneth;
then meeting again, they were prorogu'd till the feventh of January follow-
ing.
After
594
1672.
A bzief Account of Transactions in
:
1
After which, the King having taken the Great Seal from the Earl of Shafts-
bury, gave it to his Attorney-General Sir Heneage Finch, afterwards created
Lord Daventry in the County of Northampton.
Soon after, His Majefty was pleas'd to call before him in Council the
two Lord Chief-Juftices, and the Lord Chief-Baron, commanding them to con-
fider of the moft effectual means for putting the Laws in Execution for pre-
venting the growth of Popery; and at the fame time ordered, that no Roman-
Catholick, or fo reputed, fhould prefume after the 18th of November to come
into his prefence, to his Palace, or where his Court ſhould be: and the Lord-Ste-
ward, and Lord-Chamberlain of the Houfhold, were ordered to fee the fame
effectually put in execution, And by further Order a little after, forbid them
to come neer St. James's Houfe, or into the Park.
Immediately after, in purſuance of his Gracious Affurance to both Houſes
of Parliament, His Majesty iffued out his Royal Proclamation to the fame ef-
fect, further requiring the Judges, and all Juftices of the Peace, to take effectu-
al care for the profecution of all Papifts and Popish Recufants, according to the
Laws and Statutes of the Realm.
About the latter end of November, the Dutchefs of Modena arriving at Do-
ver,in order to her Intermarriage with his Royal Highness the Duke of York, was
there met by the Duke; and fome few days after, coming from Gravesend to
London by Water, was by his Majefty and divers of the Nobility met in Barges
upon the River, and fo conducted to White-ball, where, after her Royal Highneſs
had been received in the moſt obliging and kinde manner by her Majefty, ſhe
was conducted to St. James's. Within few days after, their Royal Highneffes
gave Audience to the French, Portugal, Swedish, and Danish Embaffadors, as
likewife to the Refidents of Venice and Newburgh, who all went to Comple-
ment them upon their late Marriage.
About this time his Majefty (the great numbers of extraordinary Servants
that had been fworn and admitted into his Service, who making uſe of the
Protections they receiv'd thereby, did obftruct the due courfe of Law) iffued
forth an Order in Council, whereby all perfons that did not by vertue of their
Places receive Fee, Wages, Salary, Diet, or Board-wages, fhould be abſolutely
diſabled from making ufe of any Protection whatſoever, for the future, to fave
them from the profecution of their Creditors.
From Tangier came Intelligence, that the Earl of Middleton Governour, un-
derſtanding the defeat and death of Gayland, and the great fuccefs of Muly
Ishmael in thoſe parts; and having receiv'd a kinde Letter from the faid Muly
Ishmael, purporting his great defire to be in Amity with the Governour, and a
propofition of fending Commiffioners to treat with him; accordingly appoin-
ted Major White, Alderman Read, and Mr. Wollaton for that purpoſe,with full
power and Inftructions to conclude a Peace and Treaty of Commerce, and
particularly for the Redemption of the Captives in Sally; wherein the Earl
doubted not the fame fuccefs as he had had with Gayland above a year before
with whom he had made fo firm a Peace, that the Moors and Inhabitants of
Tangier convers'd together as if they had been one Nation.
Notwithstanding the vigour and fury of the War, yet neither in the height
of this years Preparation nor Action, were the thoughts of Peace laid afide;
but rather all endeavours tending thereto vigorously parfued. To this pur-
pofe, a Treaty was concluded on between the King of England and the
Dutch, whereat the Allies of both. Parties were to be prefent. The place
accepted of by the King of England was Cologne, whither by the middle
of Summer, and fome before, came all the Plenipotentiaries of the ſeveral
Confederates. For the King of Great Britain, Sir Jofeph Williamson, and
Sir Lyonel Jenkins. For the King of Spain, Count Arefchot, and Don Emanuel
de Lyra, For the Emperour, Count Conningsech, and the Baron D'Ifola. Count
Tott for the Crown of Sweden. For the Dutch, Van Beverning, Van Haren,
and Odyke. For the French, the Duke de Chaufnes.
1
But
1674.
595
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
!
But the Dutch having other Defignes in their heads, than what were dri-
ven on in that place, would yield to nothing there; nor were they ſo fully in-
ſtructed, but that upon the Propolitions delivered by the English Plenipoten-
tiaries, they pleaded they could give no poſitive Anfwer, without conſulting
their Maſters and returning to Holland, had leifure enough to take their plea-
fure, while the States were contriving an Anfwer; which when they had de-
livered at Cologne, was nothing but a device finely ſpun for delay, which made
Cologne a place of great Concourſe, but little buſineſs.
In the mean time,the Dutch fend a Letter to the King of England; to which,
the King of England return'd fo full an Anſwer, that though they ſaid,
The King was very ſharp and obstinate in his Letter: That nothing was to be
done, but to continue the War: That no farther Inftructions fhould be fent
to their Deputies at Cologne, till they faw how the Parliament would order
matters, to whom they were refolved to fend a Copy of their Reaſonable
Propofals, hoping otherwiſe to bring the King to better Termes: Yet upon
cooler thoughts, they not only liftned to the Motions of Peace, but alſo came
to terms of Accommodation: and thereupon, in February following, they
diſpatch'd a Trumpeter into England; by whom they receiv'd that fatisfacti-
on, in Anſwer to their Letters, from the King of England, that foon after the
Peace was concluded between His Majefty and the Spanish Embaſſador re-
fiding in London, on the behalf of the Dutch. The News was receiv'd with
incredible joy in the Low Countries. Sir Gabriel Sylvius was fent by His Ma-
jefty to the Prince of Orange, to Complement him upon the Conclufion of
the Peace; with whom alfo the States did interchange the Ratification of
the Articles.
In the interim, His Majefty having caus'd a new fort of Brafs Half-pence
and Farthings to be made current throughout all England, and Coyn'd in the
Tower, iffued forth a Proclamation, for the fuppreffion of the particular far:
things and balfe pence of private Shopkeepers; and being inform'd that Shop-
keepers did notwithstanding continue to utter Halfe-pence and Farthings of
their own ftamping, he caus'd them to be proceeded against according to
Law: which was fo effectually done, that many were Convicted and fin'd;
but upon fubmiffion, by the King's mercy Pardon'd.
3
Before we fully conclude the Dutch War, it will be neceffary to relate a piece
of Gallantry performed by Captain Harman in the Mediterranean Sea: where
the Vice-Admiral of Evertfon's Squadron, in a Man of War call'd the Schaer-
laes, carrying 36 pieces of Cannon, and 140 Men, Commanded by Cap-
tain Paſqual De Witt, met with Captain Harman in the Tygre, returning from
Tangier; and coming both into Cadiz-Bay, where Evertfon lay to Careen
the people of the Town began to laugh at the Dutch, telling them, That
they durft not Fight the English; that they had left their ftation for fear :
Which Evertfon hearing, told the Captain of the Dutch, that to fave his Ho-
nor, he was oblig'd to Chalenge the English Captain. Which being reſolv❜d
upon, De Witt fitted himself the beft he could for the Rencounter next Morn-
ing: Evertſon thereupon furniſhed him with Two new Lieutenants, 70 Soul-
diers, and 60 Mariners more than he had; making in all 270 Men. The
Tygre which had not above 184 Men in all, faw all thefe Preparations, and
prepared himſelf the beft he could, but without any more addition of Men.
The next Morning, getting out a League to Sea, within view of the Town,
and in fight of the greateft part of the Inhabitants; fo foon as both Frigats
came within Piftol-fhot of each other, the Fight began, with that fuccefs to
the Engliſh, that with one Broad-fide, the Tygre ſhot down the Main-yard of
the Dutch Veel, and kill'd and wounded above 80 Men, without receiving
much Damage; fo that after half an hours Difpute, the Dutch fhip was Boarded
and taken by the English; the Enemy having loft 140 Men, and 86 Wounded.
The Dutch Man of War was fo difabled, and fhot through and through, that
She was hardly fit for fervice, to the great wonder of the beholders. After
Hhhh
which,
596
1673
A brief Account of Tranfactions in
Peace with the
Dutch.
Proclamation
which, Captain Harman return'd into Port with great Honour, having loft
only 9 Men Kill'd out-right, and 15 Wounded; one of which, was himſelf,
being fhot in at the left Eye with a Mufquet-Bullet, that went out between
the Ear and the Jaw-bone; of which he was happily afterwards recover'd.
At home, the Dutch made great rejoycing for the Conclufion of the Peace;
and being now quit from the fear of the English, minded onely the fetting
out of a finall Fleet, confifting of 32 Men of War, under Tromp, Haen, and
young De Ruyter.
Nor was His Majefty lefs mindful to proceed against the Papists, giving Or-
again? Papiſts der to the Judges to put the Laws against them in Execution.
Forein Affairs, 1673.
3
Toward the beginning of the Year, the Elector of Brandenburgh concludes
a. Peace with the King of France; and in order thereto, draws his Troops
out of the Territories of Cologne and Munter, Allies of France; and Monfieur Tu-
renne drew out his, out of the County of Mark;
In Poland, things were now in an indifferent quiet pofture; the Arch-bishop
of Gnefna, a great Oppofer of the Kings Defignes, was Dead; and the Dyet
concluding in a very great Calme. The Turk indeed threatned them, but
they doubted not of their Ability to oppoſe him: But the King liv'd not
long to fee the fruits of his Accommodation, dying toward the beginning
of Autumn enſuing. Great were the Fears of that Nation, what would fall
out during this interregnum; and probably they might have fuffered much,
had they not been free'd from thofe fears at prefent, by a great overthrow gi-
ven the Turks by the Polish-General Sobieski, who Attacquing the Enemy in
their Retrenchments, by the Affiftance of the Huffar Horſemen,-totally Defeat-
ed him; fo that of 45000 men, not above 3000 remained alive after the Fight's
Two Baffa's were flain, and a vaft Plunder became a prey to the Victor; be-
fides the Caftle of Cochim, which the Turks had fome while before taken from
the Chriftians. That which chiefly contributed to the obtaining this Victory,
was the valour of the Huffars, and the Revolt of the Hofpodars of Moldavia
and Wallashia, who fell from the Turk at the beginning of the Fight, bring-
ing with them again thofe Two Provinces under the Subjection of the Po-
lish Crown, from whence they had fallen off above 50 Years fince.
But the chiefeft Scene of Warnow, lay in the Low Countries, into which
the King of France being fallen with a confiderable Army toward the be-
ginning of Summer, had beleaguer'd Macftricht, a Frontier Garriſon, and one
of the ftrongeft belonging to the States of Holland. Among all other Actions
perform'd at this Siege, there was none more Signal than the Atchievment of
the Duke of Monmouth; who Commanding one of the Pofts, where the Ene-
my made a Vigorous Sally, and fpringing a Mine, which flew a Captain, an
Enfign, and fifty Souldiers; and feeing the out-Guards give ground, fent a
Party of the King of France's Mufquettiers, defign'd for the Guard of his own
Perfon, to make good the Poft; but feeing them retire, with only 12 Volun-
tiers, all English, through a form of Shot, hafted to their Relief. The Enemy
had now poffefs'd a Half-moon, which had been but lately taken from them
before but the prefence and Encouragement of the Duke, and the fmall fuc-
cour he brought with him, fo animated the retiring Mufqueteers, that they
tell on anew; and the Duke, with fome little help more, rallied out of the
Trenches, recover'd the Halfe-Moon,and deliverd it to Monfieur Fuillade, who
came to relieve him at the ordinary hour. The regaining of which Poft fo foon,
was no ſmall reafon of the Rendition of the Town, which foon after, in the
beginning of July followed, upon honourable Conditions to the Souldiers and
Townfmen, both as to the Privileges of Religion and Trade. Of Engliſh
Commanders flain at this Siege, were none of Note but Sir Henry Jones, who
Commanded
1674.
597
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
Commanded the English Regiment of Light-Horſe, and only accompanied
the Duke of of Monmouth as a Voluntier to the regaining the Half-moon be-
fore-mentioned. But the Dutch were not a little comforted for the lofs of this
Town, by the recovery of Utrecht and Woerden, which were quitted by the
French without any Damage done to the Fortifications or Inhabitants, upon a
confideration of a certain fum of Money given to the Souldiers by the Townf-
men, and the retaking of Bon, which was at length furrendred into their
hands, after it had been Befieged by the whole power of the Confederates, their
own, and the Forces of the Imperialifts and Spaniards, who had in the mid-
dle of October declar'd open War against the French; fo that there was nothing
more frequent than the Meetings and Conferences of Monterey and the Prince of
Orange together, as to the ordering and governing their common Interests.
*
But Naerden fell into the Hands of the French; for the lofs of which, they
were fo much incens'd,that they Beheaded the Governour Monfieur Pas, for fur-
rendring it in fo fhort a time, though it were afterwards retaken by the Prince
of Orange to their great joy.
*
In the mean while, the Pope, being at more, leifure at Rome, thought it con-
venient to fill up the vacancies of the Conclave, to which end he diſpoſed of
four Hats this Year. One to Francifco Nerli, a Florentine of 38 years of Age.
A fecond to Seignior Jeronimo Guftoldi, a Genoefe, 60 years old. A third to
Jeronimo Cafanuti, a Neapolitan, 58 years old. And the fourth to Pietro Baf-
faduana, a Venetian, Aged about 60 years. A fifth was intended, but not then
difpofed of.
The King of France was fretted at the March of the Emperour's Forces;
and therefore to try if he could ftop their further March, he writes to the King
of Sweden to do his utmoft endeavour, who was at preſent a Mediator between
them, and at the fame time gives a Memorial to the Swedish Embaſſador in his
Camp, wherein he pretended how tender he had been all along of the Peace
of the Empire; but withal declares, that if the Emperour did perfift to give
affiftance to the Dutch, and fhould march his Forces out of Bohemia, he was
refolv❜d to oppofe, him to the utmoſt of his power with all his Forces. Be-
fides this Threatning Letter, and his pafling into Alfatia, and hovering from
thence about Charleroy, the King of France did little elfe, returning foon af
ter to Paris.
The Dutch fecur'd from the English, ftrive to ftrengthen themfelves by o-
ther Alliances. And therefore having, by a, publick Placaert, conferr❜d the
Commands of Stadtholder, Captain, and Admiral-General of the Provinces
of Holland and West-Friezland to the Prince and his Heir-Males by Lawful
Marriage, with all Rights and Priviledges thereto belonging; who thereupon
took his Seat in the Aflembly of the States of Holland and Weft Friezland as
Primier Noble: The next thing they did, was to conclude fuch a League as
they thought moſt advantageous; and thereupon a League was entred into,
and ratified by them and the Emperour; the King of Spain on the one part,
and the Duke of Lorain on the other. The Conditions whereof were, That
the Duke of Lorain ſhould raiſe an Army of 18000 Horſe and Foot by the timeș
in the Treaty limited, to be paid by the Emperour, the King of Spain, and the
States, after the rate of 9000 Crowns per Moneth; and to act by their orders and
directions. The League to last 10 years.
On the other fide, the Swede joyns himself ftrictly to the French, upon con-
dition to receive 50000 Crowns a Moneth from the King of France for fix
years, to begin prefently after the conclufion of the Peace. Being obliged to
declare himſelf for the French, in cafe the States, the Emperour, and the King
of Spain did not make a League with the French before the fifteenth of May
next enfuing.
}
{
But there was no likelyhood of that; for the King of France having de-
manded fatisfaction at the Emperous's Court for the injury done to Count
Fartenburgh Plenipotentiary for the Bilhop of Cologne, but obtaining none, the>
Hhhh 2
Empe-
{
598
1674.
A brief Account of Tranſactions in
Emperour rather feeking to juftifie the action, than to punish the actors, re-
called his Embaffadors from Cologne, and brake off the Treaty. Not would
the Interpofition of the King of England prevail, though he offered his Me-
diation to reconcile the differences between the two Crowns of France and
Spain.
The Swedes alſo propofed, That the Spaniards fhould give Aire, St. Omer,
and Ipres into the Hands of the French, on Condition that the French fhould
quit all they had got in thoſe parts, and reſtore Maestricht to the Spaniards: But
allin vain, the Spaniards affirming, that the French were to reftore not only
the places they had got in this War, but alſo all the places they had poffeffed
themſelves of fince the Treaty with the Pyreneans.
The bufinefs of Count Furftenburgh was this: He being at Cologne, and go-
ing in his Coach, accompanied only with his Secretary, and two Gentlemen
more, attended by three Lacqueys, to vifit the Elector of Cologne, whoſe Ple-
nipotentiary and chief Minister he was, was ſet upon in the Street by nine per-
fons, armed with Sword and Piftol, who being too ftrong for the Count's par-
ty, after ſome killed and hurt on both fides, the Count was forc'd out of the
City, where flood another ftrong party to receive him, who carried him to
Bonne, whence he was fent Prifoner to Vienna. The Emperour pretended him
a Subject of the Empire, and that he had, contrary to his truft, taken part
with his Enemies. Nor were the Swedes, as well as the King of France, lefs
active in interpofing for his Liberty, affirming, that he was the Elector's Ple-
nipotentiary; that though he had a French Regiment, it was only Nominal,
and that he did not receive the profits of it. But the Emperour denied he knew
of his being a Plenipotentiary, and that it was not for one of his Subjects to
take up Intereſts contrary to the Intereft of his Soveraign; and would not hear
of his Releaſe.
During thefe Treaties, the King of France had poffefs'd himſelf of a great
part of the Palatinate, and had put a Garrison into Germerstein of 300 Soul-
diers, yet proffered the Elector if he would ſtand Neuter, to fatisfie him for all
his Damages, and to withdraw his Souldiers out of Gemerstein, and put it into
the Hands of any Neutral Prince of the Empire: which he refus'd,upon Capra-
ra's coming to his Succour.
The Switzers, to hinder the King of France from coming into Burgundy,
offered that Burgundy might ſtand Neuter, proffering themſelves fecurity that
that Province (hould punctually obferve the Neutrality, and that they would
guard the Avenues into it againſt any Forces of the Empire. And thus ftood
Affairs at the end of this year.
April.
The Lord Lock-
hart Mediates
tween France
and Spain.
a Peace be
Proclamation
against can-
dalous News.
Anno Dom. 1674.
Eace being now concluded between the English and the Dutch, this Year
was not memorable for much at home.
The first motion of the Court this Moneth, was to Windfor, where the Earl
of Mulgrave was Inftall'd Knight of the Garter.
This Moneth alfo, the King, by his Embaffador the Lord Lockhart, offer'd
his Mediation between the King of France and the Queen of Spain, to com-
pofe the differences betwixt them.
And to the end he might be no way concern'd in their differences, by pub-
lick Proclamation forbid any of his Subjects to enter into the Service of any
forrain Prince.
He alſo fet forth a Proclamation, forbidding the broaching and uttering falſe
and fcandalous News, as alfo against any that should talk impertinently of the
Government or the Governours.
In
1674.
599
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
In May, Six Lionel Jenkins and Six Jofeph Williamson return'd to London
from Cologne.
who were followed into England by the Baron de Reed. Van Benningben, and
Van Hiren, Extraordinary Embaffadors from the States of Holland.
Sir Lyonel
Jenkins and
Sir Joseph
Williamfon
return to Lon-
In June, came a ftrict Proclamation againſt the Jefuites and Friefts, Com- don.
manding their diſcovery and apprehenfion, and promifing five pounds for every
one that ſhould be difcovered and taken.
Toward the beginning of September, upon Refignation of the Duke of
Buckingham, the Duke of Monmouth was made Chancellor of the University of Duke of Mon-
Cambridge. The Ceremony was performed with all its circumftances, at Wor- mouth chofe
cefter-houfe in London.
Chancellor of
Cambridge.
Not long after, the Right Honourable the Earl of St. Albans, having re-
fign'd into his Majelty's Hands the Staff of Office of Lord-Chamberlain of
his Majeſties Houſhold, his Majeſty was pleased to give it to the Right Honou-
rable the Earl of Arlington, in recompence of his long and faithful Services, Earl of Ar-
and particularly for having performed to his Majefties fatisfaction for the space lington Lord-
of twelve years, the Office of Principal Secretary of State, which his Majefly Chamberlain.
was pleas'd to confer at the fame tinie upon the Right Honourable Sir Jofeph
Williamfon Knight, one of the Clerks then of his Majefties molt Honourable Sir Jofeph
Privy-Council, for his long and faithful fervice in the faid Office under Sir
Edward Nicholas, and the Earl of Arlingtons and in his place Philip Lloyd Efq; cretary.
was (worn one of the Clerks of the Privy-Council.
Upon the 22 of September, his Majefty was pleas'd to cauſe a Proclamation
to be publiſhed for the further prorogation of the Parliament, from the 10th of
November till the 13th of April enfuing.
Williamſon
Principal Se-S
In the beginning of December, the Earls of Offory and Arlington, together Earls of Offo-
with the Heer Odike, not long before Extraordinary Emballador in England, ry and Arling-
arrived at the Hague, where they went to pay their Refpects to the Prince of ton/eat into
Orange.
Holland.
About the fame time was concluded, between his Majefties Commiffioners
and thofe of the States General of the United Provinces, a Treaty Marine for A Marine
all parts of the World, in purſuance of the 8th and 9b Articles of the late Treaty between
Treaty of Peace made at Westminster the February before, and was after ratifi'd the King and
by the States in the beginning of February following.
the Lluited
Provinces.
Prefently after, His Majefly having been gracioufly pleafed to Tranflate the
Right Reverend Father in God Dr. Crew Bishop of Oxford, and Clerk of the Dr.Crew made
Clofet to his Majefty, to the Sea of Durham, made choice of the Honourable Bishop of Dur-
Dr. Compton, Brother to the Right Honourable the Earl of Northampton, to Dr. Compton
fucceed in his place.
ham.
Bishop of Ox-
Toward the middle of December, His Majefty having been pleafed at ford.
his entertainment at Guild-Hill, when Sir Robert Viner was newly Lord-
Mayor of the City, graciously and freely to condefcend to the acceptance of
the Freedom of London, in the Chamberlains Office, from the Hands of Sir
Thomas Player Chamberlain, beyond the Example of any of his Predeceffors;
The faid Sir Robert Viner Lord-Mayor thereupon, having firft obtained his
Majefties leave, preſented his Majefty, in the Name of the City, with the Co-
py of the Freedom, in a large fquare Box of Mallie Gold, the Seal of the
Freedom hanging at it encloſed in a Box of Gold fet all over with large Dia-
monds.
Toward the beginning of January, Her Royal Highness was brought to
Bed of a Daughter, Chriften'd at St. James's by the Bishop of Durbam, by
the Name of Catherina Laura; the Duke of Monmouth being God-father, and
the Lady Mary and the Lady Anne God-mothers.
The Dutchels
brought to bed
of a Daughter.
The Term begining at the latter end of January, Sir Francis North the King's Sir Francis
Attorney-General was fworn Lord Chief-Juftice of the Common-Pleas, in the
room of Sir John Vaughan deceaſed.
North Lord
Chief-Fuftice
of the Common-
In the beginning of February, his Majefty cauſed ſeveral Orders and Refo- Pleas.
lutions concerning Papists to be publiſh'd :
That
600
1674.
A brief Account of Transactions in
J
{
t
That the Conviction of Popish Recufants should be encouraged, quickned, and
made Effectual.
That no Perfon, of what Condition or Quality foever, should prefume to fay
Mass in any part of this Kingdom.
A
That all Perfons born within His Majeſties Dominions, being in Orders by
Authority deriv'd from the Church of Rome, should depart the Kingdom by a
short time prefix'd.
That none of His Majefties Subjects ſhould preſume to ſend their Children to
be Educated in any Popish Colledges or Seminaries, upon a strict Penalty,
That none of his Majefties Subjects› being Papists, ur fo reputed, ſhould prefume
to come into His Majesties Prefence, into White.Hall, St. James's, or any place
where His Majefties Court should be.
·
And Lastly, That care ſhould be taken for the ſuppreſſion of Conventicles.
7
Forrein Affairs, 1674.
The first thing that prefented it felf of moft Importance beyond Sea this
Year, was, that the King of France gave order to quit all his Conquefts in the
Netherlands belonging tothe States of Holland, except Maestricht. g.
The States alfo, to be rid of fo great a trouble as the Bishop of Munster,
makes Peace with him; the Baron D' Ifola figning the Articles on the behalf
of the Emperor. The chief Articles whereof were, That the Bishop ſhould re-
ftore all places taken during the War: That the Treaty of Cleves should be
punctually obferv'd: And that the King of Spain and the Emperor should be War-
ranters for the Obfervance. a z
And now for the better fupport of the Prince of Orange's Dignity, the
Dutch East-India Company unanimously refolv'd to give Him and his Heirs
Male after him, Three in the Hundred of all that their gains, upon the di-
vifion.
!
And then having fecurd themſelves from Munster, they made an agree-
ment with Lunenburgh, to keep 1 4000 Men in the Service of the States, they
paying him fuch a certain Sum.
About this time alfo, the difference between the King of France and
the State of Genoa were wholly Reconciled, by the Mediation of the King of
England.
But on the other fide, the King of France continues his German War;
ſo that Besançon the chief City of Franche Compte falls into his hands, being
rendred upon ordinary Articles, after a fhort Siege; Nor did the Citadel
hold out much longer.
The next Town Befiegd was Dole, which not being able to withſtand the
Fortune of the French Arms, yielded it felf. After which, Solines and Castle
St. Anne being taken, made the Conqueſt of Franche Compte compleat. ·
About the middle of June was fought the Battle of Sanzeime, between the
Marſhal Turenne and the Imperialists, wherein the Imperialists being far lefs in
Number, had the worst, It was fought from Nine in the Morning till Night,
when the Imperialists finding themſelves over-powr'd, retir'd in very good
order, leaving behind about 2000 Men. Nor was the lofs of the French lefs
confiderable for they loft a great many common Soldiers, but more. Com-
manders.
•
A little before this, the Dutch had taken the Island of Normantier from the
French, where they deftroy'd a great deal of Corn; but not long after quit-
ted, it upon Agreement made with the Inhabitants, and the Religious Order of
Ciftertians in that Iſland, to pay them 14000 Crowns in four Months; and
for their fecurity, taking with them the Abbot and ſome of the Principal Iflan-
ders. After that, they approach'd Bell Ifle, intending to have made a de
fcent there; but the Caftle upon the Ifland was too well provided for their En-
tertainment.
>
着
​1674.
601
England, Scotland and Ireland, &c.
In August was fought the Battle, or rather Notable Skirmiſh, call'd the Bat-
tle of Seneff, between the Prince of Conde and the Confederates, Imperialists,
Dutch, and Spaniards; in fhort thus: That the Confederates Army being up-
on their March toward a place call'd Binch, the French fell upon the Rear, and
forcing them to.Retreat through a narrow way, which they could only pafs
in Files, put them into great Confufion: upon this, the French foon became
Matters of the Baggage and Cannon; when the Prince of Orange, and af-
ter that the Germans, came and engaged the Enemy, fo that the Fight continu-
ed till Night, and then, the French were forc'd to retreat to their Camp; and
the Prince of Orange and the Imperialists remain'd Mafters of the Field. The
Prince of Orange was in great danger, having been long Engaged with the
Enemy. Several Officers of Quality were flain on both fides: among the reft,
on the Prince of Orange's part, Sir Walter Vane Major-General to the Prince
having bravely behaved himſelf, was ſhot in the back and knee, of which he
dyed foon after; and of 32 Colonels of the Dutch Army, 26 were either Killd
or Wounded, the ftrefs of the Fight lying upon them. Many Common Soul-
diers were flain on both fides, though the greateſt Number was reported to
be loft by the French, being faid to be above 3oco, and many more confidé-
rable Officers than upon the Dutch fide.
The next Attempt of the Prince of Orange and the Confederates was up-
on Oudenard, to which they had laid a formal Siege'; but they were foon
difturb'd by the Prince of Conde, upon whofe Approach and Refolution to
fall upon them, the Confederates drew off and marched toward Gbent.
In November, Graves a ftrong Town Befieg'd by the Dutch, was after à
rough Siege, and many Affaults, retaken from the French. The Garriſon con-
fifting of 1600 Foot, and 400 Horfe, marching out upon Compofition.
And now the Army of the Confederates, and the French under Turenne,
lying near one another, produc'd fome confiderable Action, though their wary
Commanders would not put all to the pufh; nor was the Victory fully de-
termin'd by the grandeft of their peformances
In the first place, 4000 French Horse, moſt of them the Troops of the King's
Houfhold, Commanded by Monfieur Montauban,fell upon fome Munster Troops,
and a Reginent of Imperial Cuiraffiers, who guarded a certain Paffage; and
with the fuddainnefs of the Attack, put the Imperialiffs into diforder: but
Caprara's Regiment, that of the Prince of Lorain, and fome others, coming to
their Afliftance, they gave a stop to the Enemy, till fuch time as other Lorain-
Regiments came in: the Fight was fharply maintain'd on both fides, but at
lait the French were forced to retire, the flaughter being great on both fides,
but greatest on the French; and among the reft, Mountauban himself was taken
Priſoner.
The next was an Engagement between the Grofs Bodies of both Armies:
for Turenne Advancing toward Colmar, found the Confederates drawn up in
Battalia, readily attending his coming. The Fight was bloody and tedious,
and many of the Freneb Commanders were flain, but more common Souldiers
of the Imperialists fide; but Night coming on, ali Action ceafed: However,
the French continued in Arms all Night, expecting to have renew'd the Fight
next Morning but when the Imperialists perceiv'd that, they retreated in
great Diſorder to Schleftadt, and repaffed the Rhine at Strasburgb. Turrenne
made himſelf Mafter of Colmar, and fent Provifions to Brifae; which together
with his keeping the Field, were the Reafons that the French concluded them-
felves the Victors, and fung Te Deum for their fuccefs at Paris. On the other
fide, the Imperialists took themſelves to be Conquerours, becauſe their lofs was
no greater.
In Flanders there was nothing remarkable, only the change of the Go-
vernour. For Monterey being call'd home, the Duke de Villa Hermoſa was
fent to fucceed him.
Anno
:
602
1675.
A bzief Account of Tranfactions in
Parl. meets.
Prince of
•
U
Anno Dom. 1675:
Pon the 13th of April both Houses of Parliament met, in purſuance of
their laft Prorogation. They fate till above a Week in June following:
But the difference between the two Houfes increafing about the bufinefs of Fag
and Shirley, upon which four Lawyers were Committed by the Commons to
the Tower, His Majefty was pleafed upon the 9th of June to Prorogué them
again till the 13th of October following, having only figned fome private
Bills.
In May, arriv'd in England the Prince of Newburgh; having made fome
Newburgh ar- ftay in London, he went to Oxford, where he was nobly treated by the Univer-
rives in Eng- fity.
land.
Barbadoes
Conspiracy.
Indians Rebel
in New-Eng-
land.
Northamp-
ton fred.
River by Salis-
bury began to
be made Navi-
gable.
Parl. meets.
!
In the Barbadoes, a Confpiracy was diſcover'd among the Blacks to have de-
ftroy'd the Engliſh, which had been carried on with great fecrecy till the very
time of the Execution; and was begun by the Blacks belonging to Captain
Swanley, who was kill'd by them: But the Plot being found out, feveral were
made Exemplary.
In New-England, the Natives, under King Philip Hegamore of thofe parts,
fell upon the Engliſh, and kill'd ſeveral, and plunder'd and burn'd their Houfes
and Plantations: But the Boſtoners and they of Plymouth, arming a confiderable
Force, foon drove them to their Sculking-holes, fo that they were foon
reſtrained from doing any further damage: nor did the English leave hunting
them,till they could not finde at length fo much as an Indian left in all that Pro-·
montory.
In July, his Majefty made a Sea-progrefs; he took ſhipping at Gravesend,
being attended by ſeveral Frigats and Yachts, fail'd through the Downs, inten-
ding for Portſmouth; but meeting with bad Weather, he Anchor'd on the back
of the Isle of Wight. He vifited the Ifle of Wight, where he was entertained by
Sir Robert Holmes the Governour; from thence he arriv'd at Portſmouth in the
Greyhound, where he faw the Royal James Launched; and upon the fixth of Ju-
ly toward Evening, returned again by Water to White-ball.
In August came into England the Count S. Maurice from Savoy, to fignific
to his Majefty the death of the late Duke.
In September happen'd a moft lamentable Fire in Northampton, by which the
whole Town was reduc'd to Afhes, leaving very little ftanding except fome of
the Out-skirts of the fame.
About this time, the River Avon, running from Salisbury to Chrift-church
in the County of Southampton, was firft begun to be open'd in order to the
making the faid River Navigable from Chrift-Church to Salisbury, to the great
improvement of the Trade of that City.
Upon the 13th of October, both Houſes met again, in purſuance of their Pro-
rogation in June; but they had not fate long before fome difference in rela-
tion to the Appeal of Shirley to the Lords Houſe brake out again, ſo that upon
the 22 of November they were again Prorogu'd till the 15th of February 1676.
having only pass'd a Bill for the Rebuilding of Northampton, and two other pri-
vate Bills.
While the Parliament fate, Monfieur Luzaney being converted from the Ro-
miſh Church to the Proteftant Religion, and having preached a Sermon ex-
preffing the reaſons of his Converfion, one St. Germane, a French Jefuite, com-
ing to the Lodging of Luzancy, with others, by Threats and Terrours of Al-
faffinating the affrighted Luzancy, and of carrying him away by force, com-
Preclamation pell'd him to write and fubfcribe a feigned recantation of what he had preach-
ed and publiſhed; whereupon his Majeſty iſſued out a Proclamation for dif
covery
against St.
Germain the
Jefuite.
2675.
Transactions in England, Scotland, and Freland. 603
Covery and apprchenfion of the faid St. Germane and his accomplices.
Bardoes.
Nor was the Barbadoes threatned only by her Slaves, who were easily dealt Hurricane at
with, but with an Enemy againft whom there was no refiftance: For upon
the laſt of Auguſt happened fo violent a. Hurricane in that Ifland, that eight
Ships and five Ketches in the Road were caft away, and moft of the men drow-
ned, befides 300 Houſes thrown to the ground, and above 200 Whites and
Negro's kill'd.
But as the Barbadoes fuffers, Jamaica encreafes, by the removal of feveral Jamaica fox-
rishes.
Families with their Goods and Servants from Surrinam, who for their own,
and the encouragement of others, had a double quantity of Land allotted them
by the Lord Vaughan Governour.
Forrein Affairs, 1675.
The Confederates and French were now the most confiderable Actors upon
the Stage of Europe. But the Emperour diffatisfied with Bournonvile's Con-
duct the last Year, fends his old General Montecuculi to take the charge of the
Army, granting him all that he defined in relation to the Campagne, and giving
him full power to act as he ſhould think good for the common Intereft of the
Allies: who thereupon, being furniſh'd with large ſupplies of Men and Money,
Lepairs to his Charge.
In Holland, the Prince of Orange fell fick of the Small Pox; but very ſpeedi-
ly and perfectly recovering his Health, he kept the Field all the Summer long.
As for the French, they begun the Year with fome fuccefs; for fitting down
before Limburgh, after a ſmart, but ſhort Siege, the ſpringing of fome Mines,
and a general Aſſault given to the Town,the Prince of Naſſau, leeing the Enemy
entered, and not willing to expofe the City and the Inhabitants to the fury
of a Storm, beat a Parly, and furrender'd upon Articles,
In the mean time the Hollander declares open War against Sweden. Upon
which, the Swede refolves to make War upon the Dutch both by Sea and Land,
and ſeized all Debts owing by the Subjects of that Crown to the Dutch.
But in an ill time did the Swede appear, in the declination of the French Inte-
reft: the first Effects whereof he felt from the Brandenburgher, who falling up-
on him neer Fehr Berlin, defeated a very confiderable Body of the Swedish In-
fantry, taking from them fix peices of Cannon, and great part of their Baggage.
On the Swedes fide were killed above 4000 Men; nor did the Brandenburgher
buy his Victory cheap, having loft neer 2000 of his own Souldiers.
But a worſe Fate befel the French; for the two great Armies of the Confe-
derates and Turenne, having layn long pofted neer one another, at length came
to Blows, which proved very unfortunate to the French: for; befides the lofs
of feveral great Commanders, as Du Pleffy, Vaubrun, and others, there fell
the Famous Turenne himself, being fhot to death with a Cannon-bullet, being
the fecond that that was made from á Battery of fix Cannons by Montecuculi to
play upon the French Cavalry. About 3000 Men were flain upon the Spot,
and more in the purfuit; and had not the Conde de L'Orge made a Souldier-
like Retreat, (of which he had obliged the good-natur'd English to bear the
brunt, though to their fad Havock, and lofs of Colonel Lambert) they had
fuffer'd a greater Ruine. The death of Turenne was lamented by the King of
France with Tears: He was buried at St. Dennis among the Kings of France,
with this Epitaph:
Turenne a fon Tombeau parmy ceux de nos Roys
Cét le fruit glorieus de fes fameux Exploits.
L'on a par cet Honneur couronné fa vaillance,
Afin qu'aux fiecles a´ venir
Il n'ait point de difference
De Porter la Couronné, ou de la Soûtenir.
Jiji
Turenne
{
}
604
1675
A brief Account of Tranfactions in, &c.
}
{
1
Turenne among our Kings entombed lies,
The glorious fruit of bis great Victories.
Such fair rewards thus honour his Renown,
That after-times may learn from hence,
How little is the difference
'Twixt thofe that wear, and that fupport a Crown.
J
Conde fucceeds, but with worſe fuccefs: for he thinking to make all good,
poſts himſelf at a place call'd Enſheime; but Montecuculi, being refolved to force
him thence, or make him fight, attacks him in his Intrenchments, and with
twelve pieces of Cannon, which he had advantageoufly planted,he fo battered the
French Camp, that they were forc'd to make a diforderly Retreat in the Night,
cutting down Trees with which they filled the ways, to hinder the Imperial
Cannon; which was the reaſon they eſcaped a fecond Scowring. Montecuculi
fent out two Major-Generals with 1000 Horfe apiece; the one brought in 200
Prifoners,and 20 Waggons laden with Baggage; the other met with the French
Commiffaries, took their Convoy, and a vast quantity of Bread and Corn.
:
After this followed the furrender of Trever to the Imperialifts upon Arti-
cles, of which one was, That Crequy, who had efcaped thither from his Rout,
fhould be a Prifoner of War.
In September, the Duke of Lorrain departed this life at Hermanfteine necr
Coblentz.
Farther off the King of Poland removed a very great Storm that threat-
ned his Dominions, by a very great overthrow of the Tartars, wherein a
great number of them were flain, with the loſs of their chief Standard; which
ftruck fuch a terrour into the Turks, that with their Captain Ishmael Baſſe,
they made a ſhameful Retreat out of the Polish Territories.
But the Low Countries had a worſe Enemy to deal with; for the Sea brea-
king into North-Holland, the Inundation continued with that violence, that
many of the Cities of North-Holland had a great ſhare of that Calamity:
The Harlemeer-Dyke was broken, and all the Country round about lay under
Water, fo that many of the Boors Houfes were drown'd, being covered with
the Sea. The fame Fate befel South-Holland; and it is faid, that had the In-
undation continu'd 24 hours longer, the whole Country would have run a ha-
zard of being loft.
And thus you have an account in brief of all the most memora-
ble Tranſactions fince the greatest act of Providence that has been
obferved for many Ages, The happy Reftauration of his Majesty.
And we may aver, that here is nothing but Truth, if all the publick,
Intelligence of So many years have not fail'd. This is then a story
in dead Colours; it behoves them that will lay it in the lively Pain-
ting, to take more pains than may be thought has here been taken, and
have greater helps than it was poffible for us to have to make use of.
And therefore if there be any that with the Knowledge of a Privy-
Councellor, and the Eloquence of a Saluft, will undertake to cull out
the most important Actions which are here reduc'd into order ready
to his hand (for some of theſe he must take, or be filent) and com-
pile them into a judicious Hiftory,we are ready to vail Bonnet: the
mean time,thefe few Sheets may pass for Common Satisfaction.
{
FINIS
}
AN ALPHABETICAL
TABLE
A
Approbation of Ministers
Arches Triumphal
Page 70 Ards Lord
Bingdon-Garrison
A Aberdeen and St. Andrews yielded
436
302
415
Abjuration of the King by the Rump
Account of the Dutch War, from 315, &c. to
323. Their Intrigues with forrein Princes
and at home 323. of the Revenue and
Charge of the Kingdom under the Ufurpa-
tion of Oliver
Act against proclaiming of the King 225.
For Affeßment 235. For fale of Cavaliers
Eftates ibid. Executed 303. For Mar-
riages 351. For Iriſh Adventurers and Al-
lotments 352. Several confirmed 500.
Againfi Biſhops repealed 501. Pretended
of annulling the Title of the King 383
- Accidents
315
Addreffes, how begun 67. To Cromwel up-
on the diffolution of the Parliament 343.
To Richard 410. To the Rump from for-
rain Princes 423. To the Rump by the
Army 422. to the King from the Nobility
and Gentry of the whole Kingdom
Adjutators
452
127 forbid
352
Adventurers for Ireland
Aix la Chappelle, Treaty there
570
Alarm in London
403
Albans Earl 455, made Lord Chamber-
Lain
580
Allen Sir Thomas Lord Mayor of London
428
Arguments for Cromwel's
359
475 to 479.
240
accepting the
3
Kingship
86 to 390
Argyle a Privy Councellor, fides with the Af-
Sembly 8. Policy and shifts 304. Mar-
quiß feized 470. Beheaded
Arlington Earl fent into Holland 586.
made Lord Chamberlain 599. Sent into
France
ibid.
497
380
Armagh Arch-biſhop dies
Armstrong Sir Thomas joyns with the Mar-
quiß of Ormond
240
Army English very gallant and refolute 10.
Parliament Army raiſed 36. New mo-
duled 67. Quarrel with the Parliament
about Irish Tranſportation, and publickly
declare their power over them 132. Purging
the House ib. Pretend civilities to the King
132 to 136. Defigne upon the City, and
claim the Militia 136. Declaration and
infolence 140. Triumphantly through Lon-
don 141. Delude the King. Their Propo-
fals 145 to 147. Suppreß a Rifing in
London 170. Quarter in London, White-
hal, and the Mews 192. And force the
Parliament ibid. Shipt for Ireland, at
Milford-Haven 237. Engliſh advance in-
to Scotland 268. Face the Scots 272. Re-
monftrance to Richard 416. Their ad-
drefs to the Rump 422. Their repreſenta-
tion to the Rump 428. New moulded by
Lambert 429. Declaration upon outing
the Rump ibid. Their Addreſs, joyfully
receiving the King's Declaration 446. Dis-
banded
Array Commiſſion
Articles of Scotch Ceſſation.
Arundel Earl made General of the English
456
27
15
9
Allen Captain fent for the Streights 528.
Allen Sir Thomas makes peace with Al-
giers 569. Lies before Algier 575. Al-
gier Men of War deftroyed by the Eng-
lish 578. Returns
ibid.
Albemarle's stay in London 539. General
at Sea 550. One of the Commiffioners of
the Treasury 563. Dies 575. His Dut-
chefs dics
ibid Arundel Castle taken by Sir William Wal-
Anabaptifm the uppermost Religion 431. ler
56
Andrews proclaims the Abolishing of Kingly
Government, and made Lord Mayor 231
Andrews Colonel bebeaded
270
Anniversary A of the King's Nativity 456
Anthony Sir Afhley-Cooper
427
Afcham flain in Spain
Afhley Sir Bernard at Nafeby 79.
tally Wounded at Briſtol
Athley Sir Jacob defeated at Stow in the
Wold 96. Deferts Newcaſtle
236
Mor-
84.
iiia
13
Ashley
An Alphabetical TABLE.
ཡ་
I
Ashby de la Zouch
Afhburnham Mr. John
Aſhburnham M, William) | T
Aske Judge
97
-99
148
254
heath 89. Colonel Jones defeated near
Dublin 164. Defeats Lord Prefton with
a buge flaughter foon after at Trim 164.
Prefton in Lancaſhire 178. Dunbar 273
Worcester
2
297
Beaufort encountered by Argier Pyrates 546
Affembly General indicted, and meet by their
own Abority, packt ad made up of
Layers, refufe the Bops to fit buSlain
cite them to answer as oilty; diffolve
within 7 days, but continue nevertheless 8.
Affembly of Divines 69. General in Scot-
land
325
Afhton Colonel Edward Quartered 404
Afton Sir Arthur Governour, flain at Droghe-
da
Aubigny Lord 41. His Lady
་
244
47
Aurange Prince the Kings great Friend 235
dies, and a new Prince born 276. Chriftned
282, Old Prince buried 284. His Interest
in Holland?
323
Avignon, Sedition there 533 Peace com-
pofed
579
Axtel Guards the High Court of Justice 205
Ayfcue Sir George at Barbadoes 306. Re-
turns to Plymouth 322. At Dover ibid.
In danger, Engageth De Ruyter at Ply-
mouth, and difcharged 323. Priſoner
·
B.
Badajoz Marquis killed
Balmerino Lord his Treafon
+
551
576
404
270
227
512
258
395
1
404
Bennet Sir Humphrey
Benfon Captain Executed
Beaumont a Minifter, Murthered at Pont-
fraict
Berkenhead Sir John Knighted
Berkley Sir John 98. Berkley Sir John, and
Col. Walter Slingsby
Bernard's Treachery rewarded
Betteley John Quartered
Bishops 12. Accused of high Treafon, to the
Tower ten of them 26. Their Charge ibid.
Reftored to their Honours
Biddle an Infamous feducer
Blake blocks up Prince Rupert at Lisbon 256
At Lisbon again 267. A wary Comman-
der 366. At Porto-Ferina defeats the
Pyrates 372. Sails for the Coalt of Spain
381. His defperate attempt upon the Spa-
niard in Sancta Cruz Fight 391. Fires
the Spanish Fleet there ibid. Dies retur-
ning into England 402. His Character
and Funeral
Blackburn vide Moris
383
Blackness yielded
4
Blechingdon-houſe
Blood attempts the Crown
108
99, 106
Baggot Karh Ballifhanon 241, 242, 251
Banbury
Barnſtable
Barbadoes reduced 306. Wonder 526. At-
tempted by De Ruyter 537. Lord Wil-
loughby wounded there 537. Sails from
thence with a Fleet 557. Loft in a Hur-
ricane ibid. The Bridge-town burnt there
568. Barbadoes Confpiracy 602. A Hur-
ricane there
602
Barebone dénominates a Parliament 350.
• His Petition
Barons created.
Baronets Catalogue
502
369
ibid.
288
74
580
Bourdeaux French Embaſſador owns Crom-
wel
Boys Sir John
359
62
Boyle Dean his management of affair with
Cromwel about Articles for the English
252
Booth Sir George rifeth in Cheshire 424
Defeated and taken 425. Sent to the Tom-
er, and Examined by Vane and Haflerig
426. Obtains his liberty of the Rump up-
Pon Bail
Bramhal Dr. dies
Bradshaw the bold Prefident of the bigh Court
of Justice 106 to 217. Dies
Bradshaw Agent at Hamburg and Denmark
437
82
493 to 496
16
2
Brain fent General to Jamaica
Brandenburghers
91
433
522
430
334
381
547
Baftwick, Burton, Pryn return from Banish-
ment in great ftate
Baftwick Dr. of Phyfick, Burton a Minifter
against Biſhops, &c.
Bafing-houſe Befieged by Waller in vain 62
Takenaka
BATTLES. Edge-hill 40. Newberry
firt 50.51. Newberry fecond 65.66. Mar-
fton-moar 59. Tepper-moar, Alderne,
Kilfith, Philipfhaugh, in Scotland 73.
Naſeby 78 to 80. Lamport 82. Routon-Bristol intended to be ſurprized for the King.
Mortogh O Brian lays down laft Armes in
Ireland
356
Breda the place of Treaty 560. English Ém-
baſſadors there ibid. Plenipotentiaries
meet, Peace concluded
45,46.
563
Taken
!
An Alphabetical TABLE.
Taken by his Forces 47. By Fairfax 87 | Chaloner Chute Speaker dies.
344
Chancery regulated
82
358
in Holland
296
Briſtol Earl honoured with the Garter
Bridgewater taken
Brickbat flung at the Protector's Coach
Broughton Col..
Broughil Lord lands in Munfter with For-
ces fram England 246. Defeats David
Roch, and bangs the Bishop of Rols 252.
Brown Major-General 57. Reconciled to the
King at Holmby 128. In a new defigne
..discovered
<
434
-
416
368
Character of the Kings Judges · 196 to 203
Charles Prince in the Downs 175 At Gorce
176
225
427
42
Charles the fecond, Proclaimed King by dir
Berfed papers A
Chefter Charter taken away
Chichiſter City.
Chepftow-Caſtle taken by Sir Nicholas Ke-
mish
}
171
St. Chriftophers and the Cariby Iſlands fub-
dued
ๆๆ
Brown Bushel bebeaded
285
Brooks Lord killed
42
Brunt-Illand taken
294
Chriftmals day Celebrated
Brunſwick befieged, and ſurrendred
Buchanan's Book burnt in Scotland
583
526
Buckingham Dake 177. fent into Holland
505
307
398
City Alarm'd with a pretended Plot 403
City invite Parliament and Army to dinner
429. Send Sword-bearer to Gen. Monke
435. Their Gates and Portcullices pulled
down
437
City and Companies feasts the General 438
Their joy upon the King's return 453
Lend the King Money
584
Buckhurst Lord, &c.
Burleigh Capt
163
Butler Col. Richard taken
242
-575, 528,551
City Building begins.
556
#
Citadels built in Scotland
313
521
Claypool's Lady dies, buried
404
514
|
12
C
Cahir Caftle weakly yielded
Calamy Minifter Committed
Canons made against the Church of Rome
and juſtifying this
Capel Lord Tryed and Sentenced 228. and
Beheaded, his noble deportment
Carlisle Earl fent into Sweden
229
572
Cavalcade and Proceſſion, from 474 to 486
Campeach taken
Canary probibited
Carlisle yielded to the Scots
Candia besieged 559. Surrendred
432
Dr. Clargis,alſo Mr. Caryl Miniſter, &c. ſent
to Gen. Monke in Scotland. :
Clanrickard Marq. bis fervices 249. Subſti-
inted Lord-Gouernour of Ireland 251.
Defeated by Col. Axtel 277. Lays down
his Arms
3.6.
324
Clubmen
83
520
Clement Gregory
255
556
Clifford Lord made Lord Treaſurer 588. Re-
577
fignes his Staff
591
106
Clogher Bishop defeated.
267
50, 51
Clonmel yielded after a ftout resistance
Colchester Siege
252
175
Carnarvan Main
238
315
Cafimire King of Poland dies in France
590
Carrick taken by Treachery 247. Attempted
in vain to be recovered from Colonel Rey-
nolds
248
Carteret Sir George Governour of Jerſey 255
Caftlehaven Earl for the King in Ireland, and
against the Nuntio's party
Cafualties
Cavaliers to depart London 258. Confpire
againſt Cromwel 366. Their Plat again
difcovered 401. They Plot against the
Rump
423
Ceremonies in Religion one main cauſe of the
War, oppofed and murmured at 2, 3
Ceffation granted by the Scots upon very dif-
ficult terms
15
53
349
Ceffation agreed in Ireland
Chains of Gold and Medals given to the chief
Sea-Officers
A
Cock-matches, and Horfe-races probibited
359
Committee appointed for infection of Char
ters 381. Committee of Safety 429. Like
not themſelves, declare for another Parlia-
ment
433
69
338
88
Common-prayer aboliſhed
Commonwealth altered by Cromwel
Compofition
Compton Dr. made Bishop of Oxford 599
Commiflioners in Scotland.
Commiffion of the Great Seal afterud § 359
Commiffioners for approbation of Miniſters
166
· 359
Commiffioners to treat with the King at the
Ifle of Wight
183
Commillioncis to General Monke from the
City
436
}
Commiffioners to the King at Breda arrive
at the Hague 447
Com-
An Alphabetical TABLE.
د
Commiſſioners of the Treasury 563. To take
account of publick Money ibid.
Seamens complaints
Cologne Treaty
Colmaer Battle
Colliers the Dutch defigne
Confederate party of Irish Rebels
Confirmation of Alis
To hear
564
594
601
337
250
500
Conſtable Sir William dies, and buried in
Hen. 7th's Chappel
373
Contents of the Kings Declaration from Bre-
· da
445
Convocation in England grant 5th part of
their Livings to Scotch War
Convention in Ireland
12
440
13
Conway Lord defeated
Coronation of the King
475 to 496
Cotterel Sir Charles fent to Bruffels
Court erected for rebuilding the City
County-troops eftablished
532
556
373
Councellors feveral Privy-Councillors made
584
Covenant first in Scotland what 7. Taken 45.
Burnt by the Hangman
Council of State erected 226.
named by Cromwel 343.
named by the Rump 421.
pointed
Courts of Justice in Ireland
498 to 500
New choſen 258
Supream power
Anew one ap-
435
332
Courts fit in the interval of the Rupture by
Lambert
343
Coot Sir Charles defeats the Irish 250, 267,
305. His Stratagem on Galloway in Ire-
land for a free Parliament 438. Died 503
Cooper & Minister Executed
Corke vide Youghal
Cowley Abr. dies
278
564
Craven Lord his Cafe 291, 365 offered again
to the Parliament, but deferred by the Pro-
tector
Crew Dr. Bishop of Durham
Croffes, demolished
392
599
45
Cromwel Lieutenant-General at Marfton-
moor, at Iflip 59, 74, 112, His Confpira-
cy in feizing the King at Holmby 129.
Complements and Courts the King 144.
And then abufeth bim 147. Awes the
Votes of Non-addreffes 162. His Politicks
on People, City, and King 163. Collogues
the City and Parliament for fear of the
Scots 165. Marcheth into Scotland 178.
Makes the Scots disband 179. Treache-
rously furprizetb the Levellers; his fubtile
Clemency 234. Graduated at Oxford ibid.
And prefented and treated by the City of
London 234. Made Lord-Governour of
Ireland 237. Lands there ibid. Storms
Tredagh, bis eruelty and policy there;
Winter-quarter at Youghal 254. Sent for
by Letters, leaves Ireland, and Ireton in
chief there 253, 266. His cruelty to the
English Cavaliers ibid. Arrives in Eng-
land 267. Måde Gen. for Scotch Expedi
tion 268. His Sophiftry with the Scots
271. Marcheth for Sterling,275. his pro-
greß in Scotland 279. Alarms the Scots
283. At Glafcow fick 289. His defigne
upon the Parliament 324. A Di&åtor 343.
Made Protector, and Installed at Weft-
minfter 354. The module of Government
and his Oath ibid. Proclaimed and gra
tulated 355. Names his Privy-council
ibid. Invited to dinner by the City, and
dines there 357. Supplies the Courts with
able Judges ibid. Concludes a Peace with
the Dutch ibid. His defignes to fecure him-
felf 358. Falls from the Coach-box in Hide-
park 363.. Calls a Parliament Sept. 3d.
his ſpeech to them, and defignes 363, 364.
His defignes in the Weft-Indies 365. His
Mother dieth, buried in ftate in Hen. 7th's
Chappel 366. His Cabal with the French
Cardinal 369. His Confpiracy with the
King of Sweden and the Prince of Tran-
filvania 373. Affronted by Coney a Mer-
chant 374. Gives preferments, and fends
his fon Henry to command in Ireland
358.
His oppreffion of the Loyal party 378. His
defigne in fetting up Major-Generals 378.
To awe the Parliament new called 381.
Treats with the Jews about a Toleration
379. Allows 2001. towards Bishop Ufher's
Funeral 380. Excludes divers Mem-
bers ibid. Congratulated by bis Conven-
tion on Syndercomb's Plot 385. His de-
figne is motioned to take the Title of a King
386. The danger makes him refuſe it 390
Affifts the French with 6000 men 391.
Confirmed in his former Dignity of Pre-
tector 392. Signes feveral Alts 392.
His Speech to the Parliament containing
Thanks for the Money-Acts 392. His In-
veftiture and Inauguration in the Prote-
Etorship 394. Frighted at a Book 395-
Sends Embaſſadors to mediate betwixt the
Dane and Swede 397. Advanceth and pre-
fers his Children 398. Swears his Privy-
council ibid.. Chooſeth another Houſe 399.
The frame of his Government questioned by
the Parliament 401. He diffolves them ibid
His policy in difcharging Sheriffs of their
pences at Affizes 401.In fears and troubled
condition 402. Falls fick his_Family and
himself vainly prefumptuous of bis recovery,
+
Dies
An Alphabetical T A B L E.
Dies 408. His Character ibid. Sixty thou-
Sand pound allotted for the expence of his
Funerals, from
411, to 413
Cromwel, Bradshaw and Ireton digged up,
and banged at Tybourn
Cromwel Henry tamely furrenders Ireland
432
423
Crosby betrays Kingfale, Condemned
Cumberland Earle
248
44
Cyrencetter
42
D
Danemark, War declared against it
556
Daniel Col. John Articles
252
Daviſon, &c. kills a Souldier at St. James's
་
251
220
Army
Dives Sir Lewis eſcapes
Divifions among the Scots, fomented by
271
63
236
Cromwel
Dorrington Sir Francis
Doriflaus flain at the Hague
Downing Sir George 448. Sent into Hol-
land 528, 529. Preffes for answer to the
King's demands 582. Returns ibid. He
is Committed
ibid.
Drogheda befieged and taken by Cromwel,
and a bloody Maſſacre there
244
Dublin befieged by the Marq. of Ormond
241. Siege raised,and Befiegers routed 242
Duckenfield Lieutenant-Colonel ftops the
Speakers Coach
379
560
Dunbarton yielded
Danilo pacification
Daws Capt. his courage
Davis a Water-man betrays Lord Capel 220
Declaration of the King concerning the Alt of
Uniformity
Declaration of Cromwel upon diffolution of
Parliament 340 to 343. Of the Rump
1
514
420
378
Decimation of Cavaliers
Delinquents Capital and otherwiſe qualified
Democracy eſtabliſhed in the City
Denbigh Earl killed
229
231
44
Dennington Cafle Befieged, and ftoutly de-
fended, and yielded
Denial Selforder 67,
Denmark King 225. Dies
98
126
577
Deploration of the loẞ before Dublin, the
cauſes thereof
242
Derby Earl correfponds with the King 234.
Diſcovered ibid. Joyns with the King in
Lancaſhire 295. Defeated at Wigan, and
flies to Worcester 296.Taken at Newport,
Sentenced by a Court-Marſhal, Beheaded
at Bolton
302,303.
Derby-houſe Committee, formerly the Com-
mittee of Safety
་
166
540.
De Ruyter fayls for New-found-land
Returned to Holland 541. Made Admi-
ral ibid. De Ruyter and Tromp fall out
554. Prefented by the Cornish Gentlemen
562
Desborough Col. and others fummoned 549
Dean General flain
344
Devizes
46
Digby Lord bonoured with the Order of the
Garter at Paris
Dignities conferred by the King
Dillon Lord at Baggot-rath
344
455
242
125, 126
Diſorders and divifions the ruine of the Irish
Directory
|
Dundalk taken 23. Retaken
Dundee (tormed by Gen. Monke
Dunferling Earl to London
Dumtreize, Riot there
429
308
10
25
301
10
557
512
Dunkirk taken by the Spaniards 325. Siege
405. The Battle there ibid. A defeat
given the Spaniard 406. Tielded, and put
into the English poſſeſſion 407. Restored to
the French
Dunotter-Caftle yielded
313
Dury's religious Cabal in Germany 377
Dutch Embaſſadors to Oxford 57. Commerce
and Fiſhing moleſted at Sea 308. War to-
wards ibid. Send Embaſſadors to treat
ibid. Embaſſadors extenuate and mediate
the Rupture; their Papers, and our States
answer thereunto 320, 321. Fleet gives
the English a go-by in the North-Sem, and
comes into the Downs 344. Engage with
the English ibid. Defeated 345. Send to
England in order to Peace ibid. Trade at
a ftand 346. Their Embaſſadors have
Audience of the Protector 355. Peace, and
private Articles of it against the Prince
of Orange 357. Magnificently treat the
King 448. Surpriſed by the Turk 524.
Complain by the English 525. Houfe re-
folves therein ibid. King declares himſelf
ibid. Bravado 528. Bourdeaux fleet ta-
ken 529. A Dutch Libel 530. Dutch ar-
rive in Guernley 530. Their Smyrna-
fleet encountered by Captain Allen 536.
Reprisals granted against them 531.
Dutch War declared ibid. Dutch Libet
ibid. Dutch Embaſſie, proves fruitleß 521.
Dutch Manufactures prohibited 532. Ca-
fhire the English Officers 533. Dutch Im-
bargo in France 534 Dutch ibid. Dutch
Libel 535.
Il treated in Ruffia 536.
Dutch
}
An Alphabetical TABLE.
Dutch loft in China 541. Make peace with
the Dane 548. Dutch attempt Brunt-
Inland 560. Sheerness ibid. Come up the
River 561. At Harwich ibid. At Wen-
bury in Devonshire 562. At Cowland
in Cornwal ibid. Dutch lofe feveral Towns
585. Dutch Mutinies 586. Dutch Eaft-
Indie-fleet efcape the English 587. Dutch
Magiftrates changed. Dutch make peace
with the Bishop of Munſter 600. Dutch.
take the Island of Normantier from the
French
ibid.
E
་
Earles of Pembroke and Holland fent with
a Declaration of the fears of the Parlia-
ment to the King 31. Anſwered
Earls created
Earthquake in Cheſhire
Eaft-Indie ſhips Dutch taken
yielded
ibid
470
395
541
Edinburgh entred by Cromwel 275. Caſtle
280
ز
Elector Prince Palatine comes to London,;
departs, taken in France
Elections for a free Parliament
Elizabeth Princeß dies
ΙΟ
440!
276
Emperor his Brother dies 146. Makes peace
with the Turk 147. Offers to mediate 584.
His Forces marched
Enfield-chace a Skirmish there
Engagement annulled
England and the Dominions made a free
State by Aut
English under Lord Marquiß Ormond
Inchiqueen disbanded and difmift by the
Irish
the death of the King!
Everts. taken 536. difmist
Exchange Royal finiſhed
Exchequer shut
*
t
124, 125
+
ibid.
574-
582
Execution of the Kings Judges
466
Exeter yielded, and Articles 98, 99. En-
gagement forced by the Independant-party
for the Parliament to live and die with the
Army- City refuſe the Parliaments Or-
ders and Acts 231. Tumults about a free
Parliament
Excife
Exclufion of Secluded Members
F
157
229.
Fairfax General in Commiſſion 74. Marchetb
75. Is cajoled to manage the ſeizure of the
King
Made Generalliſſimo and
Conſtable of the Tower 141. Marcheth a-
gainst the Levellers 234. Complemented
and graduated at Oxford with Cromwel
and Lambert ibid. Magnificently treated
and prefented by the City ibid. Lays down
bis Commiſſion 268. Arms againſt Lam-
bert
Faulkland Lord-Viscount flain
Fanshaw Sir Richard Embaſſador in Spain
434
51
525
597
Fatality among the Clergy"
504
423
439
Farrel Lieutenant-General of Ulfter-Army
245. Put into Waterford to
defend it
}
247
Farewel to the Scotch-War
235
and
Faft general
540
Faulkner perjured
252
Faulconbridge Lord Arms against Lambert
Sent to Venice
291
575
Fee-farm Rents
250
455
Feak Parfon
540
503
Eniskillon 'delivered to Sir Charles Coot
Epifcopacy re-established here 456. And in
Scotland
Escapes of divers Cavaliers
Efcurial burnt
227
583
Effex Earl Lieutenant-General of Foot against
the Scots 9. General of the Parliament
Forces departs London 38: Attends the
King's motion 39. Fights at Edge-hill,
retreats to Coventry 40, 41. Relieves
Gloucefter 49. At Newberry 50. At
Theal, Redding, London 52. Marches
reduce the Weft 58. Pounded at Leftithiel,
and escapes with Lord Roberts by Boat to
Plymouth 58. Refignes bis Commiffion 72.
Dies
-
Earl of Effex Lord-Deputy
124
587
Effex County joyns with Lord Goring, Sir
Charles Lucas, and Sir George Lifle 174
Eftate of the Kingdom in a fad condition after
Fiennes Lord Commiffioner
Fifth-Monarchiſts plot against Cromwel 366
FIGHTS, at Newborn with the Scots 13
Worceſter in the Lanes 40. Brainford
41. Yarum 42. Wakefield
43• At Lif-
card ibid. Caversham-bridge ibid. Hop-
ton beath 44. Bramham-moor ibid:
Chalgrave-field 45. Stratton ibid. Mid-
dleton-Cheney Lanfdown 46. Round-
way-down ibid. Adderton-heath and
Bradford 47. Stow in the Wold 49.
Auburn-chace 50. Newark at the relief
of it by Prince Rupert 56. Brandia or
Cherington 57. Cropredy 58. Lidbury
74. Sherburn 90. Torrington 93. Saint
Fagons 171. Maidstone 174. At Dublin
241. Muſcleborough 264. Warrington
295. Wigan
296
Fincher
1
An Alphabetical T A BLE.
!
Fincher Mayor, vide. Pye refigned
Finch Sir Heneage bis Reading 501. Made
Lord-Keeper
594
Fire in London 554. In the Horfe-Guards
556. In Fleet treet 368. Another at
Aberfoyle in Scotland ibid. Another in
Thred-needle-Itreet 368. At Lambeth
373. At St. Johnſtons in Scotland 381
Fleet fent under Hamilton to the Frith in
Scotland
9
Fleet Spanish denied protection, and ruined by
the Dutch in the Downs,
Fleet returns to the Prince, Earl of Warwick
imployed against them as Admiral 175,
176
S
1
I L
Fleets Dutch and English at Shetland 322
Fleet under Pen from Jamaica, accidents of
the return
ས
376
Fleet declare their Royal acceptance, &c.
446
Fleet English 532. Beats the Hollander 538.
English Hamburgh fleet taken 538. Ren-
dezvouz ibid. Fleet ready 250. Divided
ibid. Fleets Engage ibid. Engage again
552. Out again
553
591
Fleets Engaged 584. Fleets Engaged
Fleetwood made Deputy of Ireland 366.
More of him!
Forrain Princes, how affected to our States
}
254
Forces from Ireland to affist the King 53.
Surprized and defeated 54. Sent by Crom
wel to affift the French 391. Under Earl
Inchiqueen to Portugal
51r
Fornication Act
Fray likely at Weſtminſter
hill
225
At Tower-
Fundamentals of the Army
French prohibit English Cloath, and are pro-
hibited their Wines 255. Conclude a peace
with Cromwel 377. Their Fleet taken
by Blake 325. At Gigery 533. Embaffa
dors in England 535. King Supplies the
Dutch 544. Declares against England
ibid. Embaſſadors beaten and Imprisoned
in Turkey 558. Lays claim to the Low-
Countries, breaks with Spain 579. In-
vades Lorrain 579. Breaks with the Dutch
2
Free Parliament noiſed
Frigats of Breft rove at ſea
Furftenburgh Count ſeized
G
1
583
}
434
356
598
Gates and Portcullices of London pulled
down
437
!
Gayland 522, 523,
Makes peace, 532.
Transports himself for Tangier
Gell Sir John Sentenced
571
270
A General required by Officers of the Army.
-Y ii. time
b 439
373
361.
Gentry fecured over England
Gerrard Col. John and Sir Gilbert 538.
Col. John bebeaded
Gibbons Sentenced
Glencarn Earl Submits to the English 362:
1. Prifoner in Edenburgh 380. Chair-man
to the Scotch Convention
432-
290
Gloucefter Duke born 13. With the King
at Colen, from the Jefuits at Paris 365.
Dies
456
Gloucefter Siege and Summons, and Relief
by Effex
49., Walls demolished 512. Ca-:
thedral begged
381
Godolphin Sir Will. Knighted, and fent in
to Spain
568
417
39
Goff Col. friend to Richard Cromwel
Goring Col. into France
Goring Lord Condemned, but faved
Goodman Bishop refufeth to Subscribe Canons
against the Church of Rome
Good Old Cauſe
Grace Colonel
Graigs Town
Grantham Çol, killed
Grantham Town
Granger a Forger
1
228-
12
417
་
324
245
380
44
256
Greenvile Sir John 445. Rewarded by the
Parliament and City
446
Greenvile Sir Bevil
46
Great Cities and Towns in Ireland refuse to
admit Garrisons, which proved their ru
ine 244. Accept of them at last upon con-
dition the English be difmift, Cavaliers and
others
Grey Lord Grooby
Groves Col. vide Penruddock.
Guiny Relation
251
291
$35
554
Guernsey-caftle stormed 284. A defigne up-
pon it discovered
Gunning Dr. in Divinity bis Congregation
feized and plundred for celebrating Chrift-
mafs
Gurney Lord Mayor in the Tower
Guthury and Giffan Hanged
Haberdashers-Hall
H
Hackney-coaches regulated
398
34
497
129
368
Haddington Earl blown up by Gunpowder in
Scotland
Hamilton Marquifs the Kings Commiffioner
K kk k
14, 15
inte
An Alphabetical T A B LÉ.
1
}
into Scotland, at London 7. Priſoner so
Pendennis-castle 52. Defeated and taken
Prifoner
178
Hamilton Duke tryed and fentenced 228.
Bebeaded
229
Hamond Col. Secures the Kings perfon 151.
His bafeneß 163. Shot in Ireland ibid.
Hannam, the Infamous Thief, breaks Prifon
and eſcapes 376. Hanged
381
Harman Capt. his Exploit 595. Beats the
Duich
564
Harriſons impudence in bringing the King to
London 193. A main man for the little
Parliament, outed and diffatisfied 353.
Apprehended
453
Harris a great Cheat
368
568
Harvey Sir Daniel fent to Conftantinople
Hazelrig Sir Arthur feizes Portsmouth 433.
returns to Weftminster, and is thanked by
the Rump 435. Dies
Hull, but fuffers the Duke of York and
Prince Elector Palatine is proclaimed
Traitor 33,34. Revolts from the Partia-
ment, and his ſon and be fent Priſoners to
the Tower 56. Executed
Houfe of Lords voted uſeleſs 226. Proteſt
against it
68
ibid.
Howard Lord adviſeth Richard, Cromwel
417
423
Howard Lady to the Tower
Howard Capt. bis valour
Howard Maſter ſent Embaſſador to Taffa-
lette
543
575
256
Hoyle Alderman Hangs bimfelf
Hull Garrison 33. Hotham Governour of it
ibid. The difpute of transferring that Ma-
gazine
Humble Petition and Advice
Hume-caftle yielded
32,33
393
283
Humphries Col. to Jamaica
377
474
Healing Parliament
470
I
Henrietta Princess
469
Henchman Dr. Bishop of London
Hertford Marquifs
Jamaica
524
370
38
Jamaicans affault the Dutch Plantations
Herefies and Schifmes
368
548
502
#
Hewit Dr. Seized 404. Tried and Bebeaded
ibid.
Hewfon Col. made Mafter of Arts in Oxford
234 Marcbeth into London
433
285
Hide Sir Henry beheaded
Highland War in Scotland, its account
361, 362.
303
Hinde the High-way man
Hifpaniola expedition, from 369 to 372
Holland Earl Lieutenant-General of Horfe
against the Scots 9. Rifing at Kingfton
and defeated 177. Tryed and Sentenced
228. Executed in Palace-yard Weftmin.
229
255
fter
Hollis Lord Embaſſador into France 522.
Returns for England
550
Holmes Major Committed 532. Difcharged
ibid. Enters the Vly 553. Attacques the
Dutch Fleet 582.
Holſtein Duke
Honours and Dignities denied to ſome Male-
Contents, another canfe of the Scotch tron
bles 4. Honours given by the King vaca-
ted
Hopton Lord 42. Disbanded honourably af-
ter many ſervices and Victories, at Truro
292
96,97
in Cornwal
Horle-races and Cock-matches probibited 359
Horton Adjutant to Maj. Gen. Brown at
Dennington
63
Hotham refufeth to admit the King into
James John Executed
Jealoufies, Fears, and pretended Plots 26,
27, 30. 31.
Jenkins Judge his writings 155, 156. De-
figned for flaughter 229. Dies 524
Jerfey a new Mace 520. Surrendered to Col.
Haynes
306
Jefuits in France proceeded against 570. Ex-
iled
373
Jews treat for admiſſion with Cromwel 379
Jewish Prophet
548, 559
359
413
Impofition on Sea-coal
Independants rife 66. Quarrel with the
Presbyterians, and cajole them 67. *n-
dermine and defeat them 112, 113, 139.
Synod at Savoy
Inchiqueen Lord defeats Lord Taaff 164.
Declares for the King ibid. Joyns with
the Confederate Catholicks for the King un-
der the Lord of Ormond, made Lieutenant
General of the Army 238. His overſight,
like to be furprized 245. Falfly fufpected,
and accused by the Marqueß of Antrim
263. Leaves Ireland
Indians rebel in New-England
Ingoldsby Col. offers aid to Richard 417.
Suppreffeth a Mutiny and Lambert
Inftrument of Cromwel's Protectorian Go-
vernment, and bis Oath
354
Joachims Embajador from the Dutch 267.
Sent home
277
601
270
St.
An Alphabetical TABLE.
St. Johnſtons yielded
294
Jones draws out of Dublin to oppoſe the ad-
vance of the Marquiß of Ormond, re-
treats 239 Raiſeth the Siege before Dub-
Comes before Drogheda, and
retreats 243. Dies in the quality of Lieu-
tenant-General
lin 211.
Ireland and Ulfter Forces fubmit
Ireland its ftate and condition
247
344
238
Ireton's appearance and notice at Nafeby-
fight; wounded 78. In the Cabal of the
Army 84. Draws their Papers and Propo-
Jals 84, 85. Parliament Votes
Intrigues between them
161.
116, 118, 119.
Dies of the Plague
205
Iriſh affairs,an account of the Ceſſation and the
Marq.of Ormond's Treaty with Rebels and
Parliament; the Articles thereof with the
Rebels the Popes Nuntio there 122, 123,
124. Strength, what after Cromwel´s
departure 253. Abufed by Cromwel's
fair carriage at firit, into horrible flavery at
bis departure 253. Defeated at Finagh
234. Their affairs 292, 309, 310. Seem
to acquiefs in Lambert's actions 431. Af-
fairs
515
Judges Commiffioned by the new State 224-
New ones again 254 New placed by the
Rump 422. Of the King and others ex-
empted out of the Act of Oblivion 454
They that came in upon Proclamation re
fited from Execution 469. Brought to the
House of Lords, and remanded to Prifon
502. Of the Law, their Names
Juftice High Court 203 to 217. Again ere-
&ted 258, 278. To try Col. Gerrard and
Powel
360
K
492
Kentish Inſurrection 173. Suppreſſed ibid.
Kent maſtered and reduced by Rich and Berk-
ftead
Keyling Sir John Lord Chief-Justice
Ker Col. defeated
175
543
280
395
Killing no Murther, a Book
King difpenceth with the Common prayer
and Book of Canons in Scotland, by a De-
claration, flighted and cavilled at as a de-
vice, and oppoſed by the Earls of Hume
and Lindley,with another Declaration 7,8
Arms against the Scots 9. At York and
Barwick agrees upon a Pacification 10.
Goeth to his Scotch Parliament 20. De-
parts thence with mutual fatisfaction ibid.
Received Magnificently at his return to
the City ibid. Demands five Members 25.
To Hampton-court, to Dover, t› Green-
wich, Theobalds 27. To Royfton, New-
market, York ibid. Afferts his right in
the Militia 30, 31. His innocence of any
defigne of War, &c. ibid. Kefolves for
Ireland 32. Expoftulates his affront at
Hull from Beverley 34. Takes a guard of
York-fhire-Gentlemen ibid. His intentions
of no War attested by the Lords ibid. An-
Smers and refutes their Remonstrance 35.
Forbids the Militia 36. Invites his Subjects
to his aſſiſtance ibid. To Newark, back to
York, to Nottingham fets up his Stan-
dard, to Stafford-fhire, Leicester-fbire,
confines of Wales and Shrewsbury, and
careffes the Gentry and Commonalty 37,38
39. Melts down his Plate at Shrewsbury
and Mints it 38. Faceth Coventry, to
Southam 39. Stays and turns upon Effex:
his Speech 39, 40. Takes Banbury, to
Oxford, towards London, at Brainford,
41. Into the West after Effex Over-
takes him at Leftithiel, defeats him 58.
in the affociated Counties 88. Into Wales
ibid. At Newark 90. At Oxford ibid.
Escapes thence 99. To the Scots 100. In-
formation of it, and his Majeſties Meſſages
and the Parliaments Answers, from 100
to 104 The King at Newcastle 114-
difputes with Henderfon 115. And be-
trayed by the Scots 121. His efcape inten-
ded from them 122. Delivered to Com-
miſſioners 127. At Holmby 128. Car-
ried away by Cornet Joyce 129. At Chil-
deriley with freedom of Chaplains 130.
The defigne of it 131 to 133. Deluded by
the Army Proposals 132. At Hampton-
court after many traverses 145. Preten-
dedly at Liberty and Honour · 147• His
nearness to London fufpected by Cromwel
148. Frighted thence by Whaley, and de-
parts ibid. His Letters and Declarations
there 148 to 151. In the Isle of Wight
ibid. High Treafon to conceal his Perfon
ibid. His Meſſage from the Isle of Wight
151 to 155. A blafphemous Hue and Cry
against him ibid. Answers the Message
with the Bills of Parliament. His Decla-
ration upon the Votes of Non-addreſſes
166 to 169. Kings Meffage and Answer
to the Votes of a perfonal Treaty 181, 182.
Hath liberty of affistance and his Friends
183. Startled at the Remonstrance of the
Army 187. Shews the unreasonablenfs
of it ibid. His farewel to the Commiſſie-
ners, and Declaration concerning the Trea-
ty 188 to 190. And his Letter of the refult
Kkkk 2
and
4
An Alphabetical TA BL E.
1
and advice to the Prince 190. Hurried
from the Isle of Wight to Hurft-castle, to
Winchefter, to Windfor, to St. James's
193. To the High Court of Justice: bis
defence and Reaſons 203 to 215. Traite-
rously Sentenced ibid. Confers with his
Children ibid. The Lady Elizabeth's re-
lation of it 216. His Speech upon the
Scaffold 218 to 219. Murthered 220.
His Corps expofed to view ibid. Buried by
the Duke of Richmond, Marquis of Hert-
ford, Dorcheſter, and Earl of Lindſey,
at Windſor 221. The Service-book denied
at his Interment
ibid.
King Charles the fecond at Hague 235.
Highly treated there and bonoured 236.
Departs for France by Rotterdam, Dort,
Antwerp, and Bruffels; treated by the
Arch-Duke Leopold, attended thence by
Duke Lorrain to Compeign, met there by
the French King 237. At Jerſey 257. At
Breda ibid. Takes ſhipping at Terheyden
for Scotland 268. Arrives there ibid.
Withdrawing the Covenanting party 281.
Crowned at Schoone ibid. Marched into
England 294. Comes to Worcester 295.
Summons the Country ibid. Flies by ad-
vice of the Earl of Derby to Whiteladies:
the manner of his efcape, and arrival at
Paris 311. Continues there ibid. Interpo-
feth betwixt that King and Princes, bonou-
red by the Duke of Lorrain ibid. From
Paris to Liege, and from the Spaw 363.
to Colen 365. At the Duke of Newburg
ibid. Privately withdraws upon Penrud-
dock's rifing 367. At Frankford 376.
An interview with the Queen of Sweden,
in company with the Princeß of Aurange
ibid. To Flanders, at Bruges 384. Falfe
reports spread of him here on defigne 377.
Honourably treated by the Elector of
Mentz ibid. Entertains Forces in Flan-
ders 291. His Title to the Crown annull'd
383. King at Dunkirk 396. In readineß
with Forces from Flanders 403. His de-
figne difcovered by Manning 367. Pri-
vately at Sir George Booth's rifing, about
St. Malo's in Britany 426. At St. Jean
de Luz ibid. And at Paris Complemented
upon the Change by that Court 436. At
Bruffels, thence to Breda 445. Sends his
Letters and Declarations ibid. At the
Hague 447. Proclaimed ibid. Departs
for England 449. Complemented with an
Elegant Speech ibid. Embarques and
Lands at Dover 450. To Canterbury,
Rochester, Dertford 451. Manner of his
1
entrance into, and paſſage through Lon-
don ibid. Proclaimed in Ireland by the
Convention, Crowned 454. His answer to
the Earl of Manchester's Speech 453. Paf-
Seth many Acts 454. His paffage through
London to his Coronation 475. Married
to the Infanta of Portugal at Portsmouth
506. His Declaration concerning the A&t
of Uniformity 514. Kings Progreß 539.
At Oxford ibid. Declares War against
France 544. Lays the first Stone ´at the
Exchange 565. Makes peace with Spain
578. Takes a Progress 581. Invites the
Dutch into England 585. Makes peace
with the Dutch 595. Mediates a peace
between France and Spain, compofeth the
difference between the King of France and
States of Genoua
Kingly power voted uſeleſs
Kirle a Lieutenant-Colonel betrayeth Mon-
mouth to Maffey
64
Knights of the Bath
481
600
226
Kniveton Daniel the Kings Meſſenger Exe-
cuted
L
256
Lambert Major-General paffeth into Fife,
defeats Sir John Brown there
293
Lambert made General against Sir Geo.
Booth; bis fucceß 425. His reward of a
Jewel 427. His policy and uſe of his Vi-
Etory ibid. His Cabal with the Officers of
bis Army against the Rump ibid. Offered
Terms from the King by the Lord Hopton
431. Marcheth against General Monke
ibid. Would Engage 434. Deferted by his
men ibid. Turned off and difcarded;
eſcapes from the Tower, defeated, taken
by Ingoldsby 441. Ordered to Trial 505.
Sentenced
510
Lambs, a brave white-coated Regiment of the
Marquiẞ of Newcaſtle, overthrown and
destroyed
61
1.7
Langdale Lord joyns with Hamilton
Lane Lord-Keeper dieth at Jersey
Laud Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury
270
zealous Proteftant, traduced, &c. 12. And
intended to be murthered 12, 13. Im-
peached 17. And voted guilty of High
Treafon,committed to the Tower ibid. Con-
vened before the Lords, and after a brave
defence Sentenced 69, 70. As bravely fuf-
fered, Bebeaded
ibid.
Col. Laughorn, Poyer, and Powel rife in
Wales
Laughorn, vide Poyer, &c.
171
Laws
An Alphabetical TABLE.
Laws voted to be, maintained and preferved
by the new States, turned into Engliſh 287
to be new moulded into another Body 351.
Lawſon Sir John fent to the Streights
526. Proclaims War with the Algiers
ibid. Called home
528
the Parliament 137. Toorashly 138, Tu¯
mult the Parliament ibid. Submit to the
Army, their Lines and Works diſmantled,
Army through it in Triumph
141
220
Biſhop of London attended the King at his
death
London-Derry relieved by the joynt forces of
O Neal and General Monke, the ill confe-
quences thereof
Longford house furrendred
De Lede Spanish Embaſſador hither
Governour of Dunkirk, flain there
373.
406
Leeds taken by Fairfax
42
239
Leiceſter Earl made Deputy of Ireland
Leiceſter taken 76. Retaken
20
92
80,81.
Loudon Lord abufith the King
120
469
Lorn Lord pardoned
509
Lords Houfe comply with votes of Non-ad-
dreſſes awed by the Army
165
302
Lords of the Privy-Council
488
441
Loathbury fud fire
513
131
269
Loughborough Lord 81, 97. Elcapes 227.
Arrives at the Hague
Lenthal Mr. John
Lefly Scotch General 13. Defeated at Mar-
ftoo-moor 59. Baulked at Hereford 87.
Taken and fent Prifoner to Chefter
Letters fent from the King to the Rump
Levellers first
Levens Dr. Executed
Liberty of Confcience Enacted in England
275
Libberton Lord to the King at Jersey 233.
Slain at Dunbar
273
455
|
Ligne Prince
Lilburn John whipt at Carts Tail for fedi-
tious Books
2
Lilburn and Levelling party fecured 232.
Their History and Adions at Burford 234
Their new Commotions 255. Defeated,
and their Ring-leaders fhot
234
Lilburn Col. Chief Commander in Scotland,
he defeats the Royalists
355
Lilly's Prognostications
310
Lines and Bulwarks about London, alarm'd
by the King's march
ibid.
Love Minister Sentenced and Executed 240
Lucas Sir Charles and Sir George Lille
Shot to death
179
Lucas Sir Charles and Sir George Lifle re-
interred at Colcheſter
Lunstord Lieutenant of the Tower
Luzancy affaulted by St. Germain
M
500
25
602
Macquire and MacMahon ſeized inDublin &
fent Prifoners to the Tower 22. Executed 71
Mace a new one made
235
Maeftricht blockt up 584. Surrendered 596
| Major-Generals eſtabliſhed 378. Their power
and awe of Elections, &c.
382
39
Lindſey Earl General for the King
38.
His
Mallet Judge refignes
522
Son
47
Man Ile reduced
306
Limerick Siege 304. Surrendered
305
Mancheſter Earl at Marften 58.At Denning-
Lifle killed
534
ton-caſtle 63.Disbanded 72. His Speech 452.
Litchfield befieged and taken 42.
Retaken
Made Lord-Chamberlain 455. Dies
580
by Prince Rupert
Litchfield Earl
44
Mannings Treafon 365. Shot
368
424
Littleton Lord Keeper
45
ibid.
343
Little, or foolish, Parliament fit down 349.
Their Character and Names 350. Their
Strange Confultations and Actions 351.
Diffolved
Lockyer ſhot to death
Mardike taken 396. Attempted by the Spa-
niard
!
Marlborough 42. Burnt
Mary Princess Married to the Prince of Au-
|
range
18
353
Marriage A&
351
233
Marston the Leveller hanged
257
Marfin General
403
426
Marthals Court in Southwark aboliſhed 291
Maynard Serjeant to the Tower, &c..
37+
Lockhart the Rump Embaſſador at St. Jean
de Luz
Loans and fubfcriptions against Scotch War
by the Earl Strafford, &c. all the Nobili-Malley Col. 42. Disbanded 112. Heads the
ty
II
and Gentry
London proffers their ready ſervice to fecure
the two Houſes; their Levies forbidden by
the Kings Letters 27. A Plot to Jurprize
it for the King, Mr. Waller hardly escaped
47. Engage against the Army, and Petition
Citizens against the Army 139. Impeached
132. Flies into Holland 143. Efcapes
from the Tower 303. Efcapes from St.
James's 227. Arrives at the Hague ibid.
Worsted and wounded at Upton-bridge
296. Taken 303. Taken and Efcaped 424.
Maza-
An Alphabetical TABLE.
Mazarine Cardinal joys the Queen Mother
with Cromwel's death
410
Maurice Prince drowned in the Weft-Indies
337
Members the five, the grand cavil of the Re-
bellion 25. Five Members charged 26
Eleven Members impeached by the Army
132. Fugitive Members fit in Council
with the Army 140. Refeated by them
141. Void and null all that was done in
their absence
Mentz and Collen at odds
Meſſiah counterfeit
Meetings ſuppreſt
Monmouth Duke made Capt. Kings Guard
568. His valour at Maeftricht 596.
Made Chancellor of Cambridge
Monro Sir George defeated 247. His enter-
prize in Ulfter
599
250
530
Modiford Sir Thomas in Jamaica
Mordant Lord John feized 403. Tryed and
quitted 404. Summoned
Morris Col. Executed
Moor Lord
423
254
240
142
Morpeth Earl affronted in Holland
547 Moreland Sir Samuel
532
448
548
Mother of Cromwel dies
366
573
Middleton now a Parliamentarian General
62. Taken 301. Seeking aid from the
Dutch 344. Lands in Scotland 358
Militia Ordinance 29, 30. Petitioned by the
Parliament 30 to 33. Meſſages about it
ibid. On foot in Lincoln-fhire 34
Mings Sir Chriftopher chaced the Dutch
544• Sails for the Coast of Sweden 545.
General Wrangle comes aboard him ibid.
Miracle ominous
Mohun Lord for the King. Lord Hopton,Sir
John Berkley, and Col. Alhburnham Com-
miffioners for the King in the West 43
Montrols Marq. his Battles and activity 73,
74. His Declaration 254. Tragedy and
death, from 255 to 266. His Interment
390
497
Montague Gen. 416. Dignified with the
Earldome of Sandwich 455. To Algier,and
Lisbon 500. Brings home the Queen 507
Mulgrave Earl made Knight of the Garter
598
544
Munſter fuccefs in Holland
Munfon Lord, Sir Henry Mildmay, and
Wallop Sentenced
501
Mufco alteration in their Religion intended
558
Myn Colonel flain, and his party routed by
Maffey
64
N
597
Naerden taken from the Dutch
Nailor James the Quaker perfonates our
Saviour 384. Sentenced ibid. Releafed
by the Rump
Newburg Prince arrives in England
Newberry diforders
Newark yielded
'
426
602
525
701
61
67
Monarchy the antient and only British Go-
vernment 223. Abolished in Scotland by
English States
308
Monke a Colonel from Ireland to affilt the
King, taken prisoner at Namptwich, and Newcastle Earl, afterwards Marquiß 43.
thence to the Tower of London 53. To Befieged in York 58. Diffwades fighting
Ireland again 123. General, his acts in after the defeat at Marſton-moor, fets fail
Ireland for the pretended States 227. He
for Hamburgh with most of the Nobility
bad the honour of Dunbar 274. In Scot-
and Officers of his party
land 358. In Sir George Booths, &c. Newcattle taken
426. Secures the Scotch Nobility 427. New-park given the City by the Rump 235
Declares against the proceedings of Lam-News of the Change by Cromwel acceptable
bert, &c. And fecures Anabaptift Officers: to the King at Paris
maintains intelligence in England, and New-buildings
protracts time by offers of Comp fure 430, Nimmegen taken
431. Sends Commiffioners to London, they No Addreß votes
agree to no purpose, obtains his defire of the Nobility of the Loyal and Presbyterian par-
Scotch Convention 432. Signifies his com-
ing to London 435. His paffage, and Nar-
rative of his Cabal 436, 437. Thanked by
the Parliament 442. The great inftrument
of the. Restitution. Meets the King at
Dover 450. Dignified with the Order of
the Garter 451. With the title of Duke of
Albemarle
Monmoth betrayed, and regained
455
64
ty
344
392
586
1621
444
Noblemen English for the Scotch peace, a-
gainst Strafford's advice 15. Summoned
to a general Council at York ibid. Con-
clude the Peace ibid. Secured by the Rump
in the Tower
753
Nobles their Catalogue
488
Nonconformifts increase in the Reigns of
Qu. Elizabeth and King James 2 Indulged
582
Nortolk
An Alphabetical TABLE.
278
602
Norfolk Insurrection
Northampton burnt
North Sir Francis Lord Chief-Justice of the
Common-pleas
599
Northumberland Earl General of the Scots
Second expedition 22. His reaſons to reject
the Ordinance for the Trial of the King 194
Northampton Eurl 42. Killed 4+
Northern Counties oppreſſed by the Scots 120
To Ireland Lord-Lieutenant 511. Duke
of Ormond Chancellor of Oxford 571.
Affaulted in the Night
578
Osborne Sir Thomas Lord Treasurer 591
Other House meet, and fawn upon the Cum-
mons 399.The Names of the Members ibid.
Overton Maj. Gen. Seized in Scotland 366
Overton Colonel
469
Owen Dr. preacheth before the Protector and
66 Parliament
382
248
Norton Colonel
Norwich Earl General in Kent, at Roche-Owen Ro the great Rebel dies
fter, and Black-heath, at Bow and Strat- Oxford the Kings chief Quarters and Court
ford
47. Befieged by Fairfax 75. Tielded 106
Nuntio of the Popes in Ireland, his buſineſš
P
123. Party in Ireland
238 Pack Alderman
174
Nye one of the Commiſſioners for approbation | Pålaffi Imbre revolts from the Emperour 548
with Lockier
359
309
Oblivion Act by the Parliament
Oblivion Act by the King 456. Another 590
Obſtructions in fales of Kings and Queens
Lands, &c. removed
310
366
252
217
Okey Col. diſmiſt from Command
Okey, Berkstead, and Corbet feized in Hol-
land, tried and Executed 505, 506
Omens and Prognoftications of the Dutch
War
315
O Neal Hugh put into Clonmel 248. De-
fends it very handſomly
ONeal joyns with the Independant-party 237
O Neal Sir Phelim banged
333
Opdam made Lieutenant-Admiral in place
of Van Tromp
349
Orange Prince arrives in England 578.
Made Captain-General in Holland 579,
584. Declared Stadtholder
586
Order for the Murther and Execution of the
King
Ordinances of Parliament obeyed as Acts 36.
For tryal of the King diſputed and thrown
afide by the Lords, entituled by the Juncto,
and paſſed as an Act 194 to 196. Ordi-
nances published in Parliament
364
Orleans Dutcheß comes into England 577
Dies
Ormond Marquifs Lord-Lieutenant of Ire-
land 53. Capitulates with the Parlia-
ment Commiſſioners 164. Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland 238. He hath no power to pu
niſh any faults or Delinquents 243. Re-
cruits his Forces and Garrison-Towns ibid.
Makes agreement with O Neal by means of
Daniel Ŏ Neal his Nephew 244. Refolves
to fight Cromwel before Duncannon 246.
Before Carrick 247. But diſappointed be
leaves Ireland 277. Hirdly escapes out of
Suflex 401. Main Intrument of the Re-
Gitution- Made Earl of Brecknock 455.
ibid.
-
20
12
374, and 386
Parliament in Ireland 4. Grant Subfidies
to carry on the Scotch War
Parliament in England called, and diſſolved,
and why
Parliament in Scotland (and Aſſembly )
and adjourned 17. Meet again, and order
their Army to march into England 13
Parliament meets at Oxford
56
Long-Parliament 15. Enact a Triennial one
18. Deny his Majeſties defire of going for
Ireland, the reaſons 32, 33.
Forbid any
refort to the King but his Servants. Arm
the feveral Counties. Admit of no ways of
accommodation 35. Arm and fight, &c.and
having prevailed, agree not about diſpoſing
the King 113, 114, 121. Buy the King
from the Scots after much tampering, and
Jend Propofitions to the King 118, 119,
121. Are refractory to all his condeſcen-
tions, offers, and miſſages, as appears 121.
New Speakers 139. Fugitive Members
fit with the Army in Council 140. Con-
strained to humour a Treaty in the Isle of
Wight 158. Four Bills paffed as Prelimi-
naries with Proposals ibid. Neceffitated
to vote a perfonal Treaty, the votes of
Non addreffes cancell'd 180, 181. Agree
to his Majesties condeſcentior as a ground
for Peace 192. Forced by the Army ibid.
Turned into a Juncto 193. Parliament-
men twelve a penny 339. Diffolved, the
manner of it 340. Dumb one meets 362.
Another pretended Parliament 382. Mem-
berr excluded ibid. In a full Houſe with the
Other House 398, 399. Diffolved 401.
One called by Richard, their Tranſacting
with him, and the Other House, and the
Army 413 to 418. The Long one diffolvet
439. Molt gladly and reverendly receive
the Kings Letters 445. Their ref lves there-
upon 446. Their affairs before the King's
return 453. They lay bold on his Maje-
Lefties
An Alphabetical TABLE.
}
fties Declaration from Breda 454. Diffolved
470. Another meet by the Kings Writ 496
Parliament 519. 520. Prorogued 523, 527.
Meet 530. Prorogued 532. Meet at Ox-
ford 542. Prorogued 543. Their Thanks
to the University ibid. Prorogued 545,
549. Meet 555. Vote a fupply ibid. Pro-
rogued and meet 563. Adjourn 564. Meet
566. Adjourn 568. Adjourn ibid. Pro-
rogued 569. Meet and Prorogued 574
Meet 576. Adjourned 577. Prorogued 80.
They make an addrefs about English Ma
nufactures 580. Prorogued 581. Adjour-
ned 587. Meet 589. Adjourned 590.
Meet and prorogued 591. Meet 602. Pro-
rogued ibid. Meet again
ibid.
Parliament of Scotlaud 524, 526. Proceed
against Nonconformists 545. Meet at E-
dinburgh 574. Pass the Act for a Treaty
of Union
Parliament in Ireland
Patrick Purfel Irish Maj. Gen.
and cowardife
Pauw Embaſſador from Holland
Piercy James pretends to the
Northumberland
Piercy Capt. Executed
Pembroke Siege
.577
545
303
King dies 596. Defeats the Turks ibid.
Popham Sea General dies
Pope and King of France quarrel 524. A-
gree 525. Popes Jultice 571. Dies 577.
A new one chofen
579-596
Popish Priests Banished 578, 599. Orders
against popish Pries
Porta Ferina Fight
ibid
374
328
39
522
Porto Longone fight between the Dutch and
Capt. Badily
Portsmouth taken
Portugueze murthered
Portugal Embasador to the new English
States 277. Concludes a peace 332. Con-
cludes a League ibid.. His Brother Don
Pontaleon Sa Bebeaded, for what 361. That
King dies
497
383
Portugal Match declared by the King
Portugal routs the Spaniard 526. Victory
5332 546. Invade Spain 547. At peace
with Spain 570. Prince of Portugal made
Regent
Potter Condemned
his treachery
572
241
290
227.Dies 324
Powel and Laughorn faved
ibid.
Earldom of
Power onely in the people
225
590
Poyntz Col.
89, 91, 139, 143.
578
172
Poyer Col. fhot to death
Prentices Tumult
Pen Sea-Capt. 293. Sea-General 369 376
Pennington and Pym 36. Pym dieth
Pendennis-catle
Penruddock's Infurrection, &c. 367.
ed and Bebeaded
Perth in Scotland five Articles
56
I 11
Tri-
372
3
Petitions from Effex,Surrey,&c for peace 172
Petition and Advice
Phanatick Plots
Phelim O Neal Irish General
Phenix loft 328. Regained
Philips, Young, Stubs, Baker,
Gibs Executed
393
500, 512
21
330
and two
513
373
242
231
568
Presbyterian Government established for three
years 125. Minifters own not the Parliament
255. Seized by the Council of State 290
Presbytery tending to an establishment 439
Presbyterians endeavour a Toleration
511
Pride and Hewſon, and Sir Hardreſs Waller
force the Houses
192
509
322
Private Bills paß'd by the King
Prizes taken from the Dutch
Proclamation of the King's Privy Council
flighted in Scotland 5, 7. Of the King for
the Kings Judges to render themselves 454
Of twenty miles to Rump Officers 511. A-
Piedmont Story of a Massacre
gainst Papists
565
Plague in the Loyal Iriſh Provinces
Propofitions to the King at Colbrook on his
Plate-ships taken by Sir Richard Stainer 383
march40 London 45. Made for tryal of
Plenipotentiaries of the Rumpin the Sound462 the King by the Fundo
194, 195.
Plenipotentiaries return from Cologne 599 Proteftants in Savoy
526
Flot pretended against the Protector 358. A- Pryn writes agaidft Bishops and Ceremonies,
nother started 403. vide Cavalier
put in the Pillory for it 2.Meets theRump420
Plot in Ireland 520. Plotters Executed 545 Publick Faith
Plot in England 520. Plotters tryed 521. Putten Van his fall
Executed ibid. More Plotters 549. Con-
demned and Executed
Pontefract-Castle 72. Delivered
Poland King bu iù fucceß 545. Polanders re-
volt 546, 549. Make peace with the Tar-
tars 568. The King refignes 571. Seve-
ral pretend to the Crown ibid. New King
Elected 577. New diffentions there 590.
550
131
· 37
589
1
Q
Qualifications made by the Rump of all fuch
to bold Offices
Quarter free
421
156
Quarrel, the state of it between the Scots and
Cromwel
271
Queen-Mother Mary de Medicis coming to
England taken for Ominous, why 9
Queen
An Alphabetical TABLE.
Queen with the Princeß of Aurange for Hol-
land carries the Crown-Jewels 27. Lands
in Burlington-Bay 42. Endangered by shot,
proclaimed Traitor 44. Meets the King at
Edge-hill 43. Goes for fecurity from Ox-|
ford to Exeter 57.From thence to France 58
Queen-mother arrives in England 469. De-
parts. Returns 471. Returns for France
539. Dies 573. Queen of Bohemia like-
wife dies
504
Queen Catherine embarkes from Lisbon 507.
Arrives at Portſmouth 508. At Hamp-
ibid.
ton-court 509. To White-hall
132, 147
R
Ragland-Calle 109, 110, 111. Duke of
Richmond with the King
Rainsborough turn'd out of the Navy by the
Sea-men 176. And kid at Doncafter 193
Ramſey Col.
42
233
43
Rea Lord defeated in Scotland
Reading befieged and rendred
Rebellion in Ireland 20, to 25. The Rebels
proclaimed Traitors
26
Recognition-Act and expedi ent for it, the
Army jar with Richard
Red-houſe ftormed
414
272
508
35
Remedies proper against late troubles
Remonftrance a Second of the Parliament,
worse than the former
Armies villanous Remonftrance first against
the King 185, 186. The Module of our
136
280
ruine
Remonftrance of the Western Scots
Remonftrants their folly
Repeal of Act againſt Biſhops
304
501
514
Refolution of Parliament in answer to the
Kings Declaration
444
Reftitution of King and Kingdom
Revocation and Impropriation-Act in Sco-
land, original of those troubles
Reynolds Commiſſary-General in Ireland,
his actions
4
310
ibid.
Reynolds Col. Knighted 373. Meets the Duke
of York 397. Sent for by Cromwel there-
upon, and caſt away
Reynoldfon Lord-mayor refufeth to proclaim
the Act. against Kingly Government, fined,
Imprisoned, and degraded
231
Richard Protector 409. bis advice and Coun-
cellors ibid.Proclaimed: a ftory of his guards
413. Calls a Parliament ibid. Offered
terms by the King, bis fufpence 417. Con-
fents to a Commiffion and Proclamation
to diffolve the Parliament 317. Layd afide
by the Army, in danger of arreft, and hides
bimfelf 418. Gives a tranfcript of his debts ;
refolveth and promifeth to acquiefce under
the Rump
422
|
|
|
Richlieu intermeddles with the Scotch War 9
Riches Regiment of Horje mutiny at Bury 438
Richmond Duke dies
589
Riot at Lambeth-boufe; Rioters rescued 12,13
Roberts Lord for the Parliament, Deputy of
Ireland
De la Roche taken
573
553
Roch David defeated, vide Broughil
Rochefter Earl at Ratisbone Diet in Germa-
ny
329
Rolf treacherously intends to murther the
King
163
Rofa Canonized at Rome
571
Rofs in Ireland yielded by Luke Taaff to
Cromwel
245
Rothes Earl L. Commiſſioner in Scotland 520
Rous Francis Speaker to the little Parl. 349
Rudyard Sir Benjamin a Patriot
De Ruyter at mouth of Channel
Ruines of St. Pauls
36
326
504
Rump 419. Debar the fecluded Members 420
Derivation of the Rump 222. They and
Lambertfall out 428.Vote away Lambert's
and eight more Field-commiſſion Officers ib.
Outed by Lambert 429.Refeated 435. Bet-
ter company added to them 438. Arms de-
faced
446
Rupert Prince 40, 44. And throughout the
War- Leaves Kingfale, and puts to Sea
with a Fleet 254-Blockt up at Lisbon 256,
267. His Fleet diſperſed, and ſome taken
275. From Taulon to Sea 289. Seizeth
Spanish ships, why 293. In France 337
General at Sea 550. Divides
again and fights
Ruffia Emperor 255. Embaſſadors
Kycaut Paul returns fromConftantinople5 20
S
Sad condition of the Irish
Safety a Committee
550. Joyns
551
333
429
Sales of the King's, Queen's, Prince's, Deans
and Chapters Lands and Houſes 256. Of
Kings Henfes agreed on, but avoyded by
Cromwel
334
Salisbury River began to be made Navigable
603
600
236
359
Sanzeime Battle
Salmafius his Royal defence
Salters-Hall Commissioners for fale of prifo-
ners Estates stopt
Sanderſon Biſhop dies
514
Saul Major Executed
278
Sandwich Earl keeps the Sea 528. Takes the
Dutch Ealt-Indie-fleet 541.He is fent Em-
bafador into Spain 545. Arrives at Ma-
drid 550. Sent to Portugal
569
Scarborough to the King by Brown Buthel
44. Tielded to the Parliament
L111
193
Savoy
An Alphabetical TABLE.
??
}
Savoy and Genoa at odds 547, 566, 59c.
Saxony Duke inſtalled Knight of the Garter
by Proxey
580
Scilly Island rendred by Sir John Greenvile
288, 289
Scot & Robinſon fent to meet Gen. Monk 435
Scotch troubles about English Liturgy and
Book of Canons 3. Arm 1638. And defire
the King of France's afſiſtance 9. Cunning-
ly agree upon a Pacification; abuse the
King, who is betrayed by his Servants 10.
War reſumed, proclaimed Rebels, treated
with foon after 15. Peace ratified in Par-
liament ibid. Favour the Parliaments caufe
35. Enter England with an Army for the
Covenant 56. At Hereford 87. Juggle
with and fell the King 120. Parliament
dispute about the difpofal of the King 115
Commiffioners fence of the Parliaments Bills
and Propofals. Presbyters murther feveral
Scotch Gentlemen 164. Prepare a War un-
der Hamilton 165, 166. Enter England
under Duke Hamilton 177. Defeated 178.
Hamilton prisoner
ibid.
Scotland detefts the Murther of the King, and
proclaims Charles the fecond at Edinburgh,
and expoftulates with the Regicides at
Weſtminſter
232
Scots defeat a Royal party in the North of
Scotland 333. Send Commiffioners to the
King 233. Defeated in Ulfter in Ireland
by Sir Charles Coot 247. They fend Com-
miffioners to the King 257. Their Names.
Except against Malignants:their other terms
257. They endeavour to unite 274 Cavaliers
admitted into Truft 282.Paß an A of Obli-
vion290.Encamped in Torwood 292 Noble-
men taken at Elliot in Scotland, and ſent
Priſoners to the Tower: others of the No-
bility fubmit 302. The reafons 304. Kirk
reject the English Union 307. Deputies
ordered to be chofen by the Commiſſioners
jbid.
310. The affairs of the Kingdom
Several Scots, Earls and Noblemen, taken
after Worcefter
298
New Great Seal 56. Great Seal broken 128
Sea-fight the first between us and the Dutch in
the Downs, an account of it 315 to 320
Second Sea-fight between Sir Geo: Ayſcue and
De Ruyter at Plymouth
325
Third Sea-fight between Blake and De Wit
in the North-Foreland
Fourth Sea-fight at Portland
Fifth Sea-fight at Leghorn, betwixt Captain
Appleton and Van Gallen
337
Sixth Sea-fight betwixt Gen. Monke, Dean,
and Blake, and Van Tromp, behinde the
Goodwyn-Sands
345
326,327.
326, 327.
335
Seventh Sea-fight betwixt Gen. Monke and
Tromp
346 to 349
Sea-men encouraged
Secluded Members restored and refeated
Sieges and Skirmiſhes in Ireland
Selden John dies
Seneffe Battle
Serini beats the Turk 52. Is killed
Sexby Col. dies
534
274
366
601
533
398
588
Shaftsbury Earl Lord Chancellor
Dr. Sheldon Arch-bishop of Canterbury 523
Sheriffs difcharged of expences at Affizes 401
Ship-money voted illegal 17. The nature of
it
Ships blown up neer London-bridge
Shrewsbury
16, 17
361
38, 39,71
58
Sickness in London 539. Abates 544
Skippon Major-General Articles for the In-
fantry at Leftithiel
Skirmishes, Brill, Aft-ferry
Slanning Sir Nicholas
Slingsby Sir Henry decoyed 304. Tryed and
Bebeaded
64
46
404
Smith Sir Jeremy keeps the Mediterranean
Seas
544
456
Soiffons Count Embaffador bither
Sonds Freeman kills his Brother, and is
banged
Southampton Earl
380
163
Spalding-Abby fell, and killed 23 perfons 380
Spaniard owns the English Commonwealth278
Sprague Sir Edward fent into Flanders 569.
Commands in the Streights 578. Detroys
the Algerines 581. Returns 583. Spoyls
the Dutch fishing
588
Stacy Edmond Executed
404
States of England pretended declare the main-
tenance of Laws 227. Are guilty of the I-
riſh Rebellion, with which they taxed the
King 237. Erect a new Council of State
283. Proclaim the King Traitor, and are
in great fear and diſpair at his entring
England
294
42
Stamford Earl
Statues of the late King and King James pul-
led down, and the Infcription writ under
that at Old Exchange
269
Steel Recorder of London refufeth to be
Knighted by Oliver 357.Made Lord-Chan-
cellor of Ireland 366. Made Lord Chief-
Baron of England
373
Stawel Sir John ordered for Tryal 229. At
High Court of Justice
Sterling-Castle taken
279
361
Sterry Oliver's Chaplain, his Blafphemy 409
Strafford Earl Commander in chief against the
Scots 13. Accuſed to the Parliament 15.
To the Black-rod and Tower 16. Tryal 18.
His
An Alphabetical TABLE.
་
19
His willing refignation; his attainder ibid.
And death
St. Germain, a Proclamation against him 602
St. John and Strickland Embaſſadors to the
Dutch, their bufineß and departure 285,
286, 287. St. John 357. Stickles in the
Council of State for terms with the
440
Stratton Baron Lord Hopton dies
Straughan Col.
Stroker
King
328
280
540
Stuart Lord John killed 57. With Sir John
Smith Col. Scot and Sandys, and Colonel
Manning
ibid.
Stuart Lord Bernard flain
Submiffion of the Irish
Sunderland Earl flain
89
324
51
Summons for perfons of Integrity to take upon
them the Government by Council of state 345
Sums of Money raised by the Parliament
Supplies to Jamaica
377
Surrenders feveral 91. As Bafing, Tiverton,
Exeter, Sheford
Surrenders in Ireland
Surinam
91, 92
270
557
172
Surrey Petitioners affaulted
Sweden Queen Supplies Montrofs 255. Com
plies with our States 358. Receives Whit-
lock ibid. Gives our Soveraign an inter-
376
view
373
Sweden King invades Poland
Swedes ftand firm for England 549. Besiege
Bremen 559. Mediations excepted 560.
Embaſſador dies in London 566. Makes
peace with the Dutch 567. King prefented
with the Garter 572. Installed by Proxie
580. Joyn with the French 597
Sydenham Major flain at Linlithgow 288
Syndercomb's Plot and death
384, 385.
T
591
7
42
Tabaco taken by the English
Tables erected in Scotland
Tadcafter
Taffalette routed and flain 579. Moers beaten
581. Earl of Middleton Governour, and
makes peace with the Moors
Taaff Lord fent against Cromwel 246
Taaff Luke Major-General
248
Tangier 504. Jews expelled 525. Lord Bella-
fis Governour there 537. Moors beaten there
594
Tartar taken in Germany
Taylor the Kings Refident with the Emperour
traordinary Embaffador in Holland 568
Thurlo Secretary to Oliver
Theatre at Oxford finiſhed
357
573
250
541
283
Tickle Captain Executed for treasonable de-
figne of yielding Kilkenny
Tiddiman affails at Bergen
Timptallon-caſtle yielded
Tinmouth-caftle by Lilburn for the King 179
Tomkins and Challoner Executed 47
Tower-ftreet Powder-blow
256
Traquair Earl Kings Commiff.in Scotland 10
Treaty perfonal voted 180. Sir John Hippelly
and Mr. Bulkly fent to the King a priſoner
in Carrisbrook-caftle 181 Begun and ma-
naged 183. So as ended 187. All that ſub-
fcribed it voted by the Juncio remaining to
be uncapable of bearing Offices
Treavor Sir John made Secretary
Treavors Col. fides with the Marq. of Or-
mond engaged at the Siege of London-
Derry; intercepts Arms going from Monke
to O Neal
193
.569
240
469
Trial of the Kings Judges
Trump Van defeats Blake in the Downs 330
in triumph to Guernſey & Rochel 331returns
335.Is killed347.Buried, and his Elegie 349
Tumults in Endinburg about the Common-
prayer 5.The Biſhop of that City in danger of
life ib. Excuſed,but recommended in London
and at White-hall-gates 25. Encreaſe, and
drive away the Court 26. Against. the Parli-
138 to 140
Tumults in London against Army and Rump
ament
433
424
Tunbridge and Red-hill defigne
Turner tryed and banged
521
Turk befieges New-haufel 525. Surrendred
526. Defeated 527. Makes peace with the
Emperour 533. His Embafadors Secretary
turns Chriftian
548
Tuſcany Duke comes into England 569.,
Gives the King two Gallies
V
575
Vane Sir Henry tried, beheaded 510, 511
Vavafor Sir William goes beyond Sea after
Marston fight
61
244
Varny Sir Edward flain at Drogheda
Vaughan Sir Will. flain at Baggot Rath 242
Vaughan Sir John Lord Chief-Justice
Ven a Colonel at Windfor
Venables General
568
39
¿
573
369
526
St. Venant taken
396
329
Venetian Embaffador in England
Venner's Infurrection, and Trial, and Execu
569
331 tion
505, 5IO,5II
527
Vernon Sir Ralph
Vicariat of the Empire
367
Vieuville a French Marquiß flain
Li112
397
50
Villiers
Taxes, a mark on them
Teviot Earl killed
Temple Sir William concludes a League of
Maritime affairs with the Dutch 566. Ex-
:
+
An Alphabetical TABLE.
1
Villiers Lord Francis flain
Viner Alderman
177
357
Vowel a S.bool-mafter 358. Martyred 361
unexpertness of war luß of Newburn-fight13
Union of Scotland projected
304
Uniformity 117. Together with an account
of Scotch Presbytery
ibid.
University of Oxford vifited
169
urrey, Spotswood, and other Scotch Gen-
tlemen with Montrofs Executed 268
Uxbridge Treaty
W
70, 71
Wall Col. his death the loẞ of Drogheda 244
Wales a Council for the Principality at Lud-
low
Wallingford and Worceſter yielded
Wallingford-Houſe broke up
503
109
431
Walker Libel thrown into the Kings Coach 21
Wallop, Lord Munſon, and Mildmay Sen-
tenced
501
Waller Sir William for the Parliament, takes
Chicheſter, Winchefter 42. Monmouth,
and Hereford 43. Defeated, Made Maj.
Gen. of Kent, &c. 46. Fights with fuccef
at Brandeau 57. A King-catching, and de-
feated at Cropredy
Warreſton Lord taken
58
514
War with the Dutch, the rife of it
313
War against the Dutch Proclaimed
582
Warwick Earl dies
404
Waterford Befieged in vain by Cromwel 247.
Surrendered
270
Welch Engineer his negligence
Welch Infurrection
241
287
Wentworth Ld. to the King of Denmark 329
Weſtcheſter taken
95
Weſtern Military affairs
367
47
Wett Country almost entirely the King's
Wexford befieged, and taken by treachery by
Cromwel
244
405
Whale killed at Greenwich
Whitlock Embaſſador for Sweden 352. Owns
the Protector 358. His Speech to the Pro-
tector
387
Widdrington Lord goes beyond Sea from
Marfton-moor
61
Widdrington Sir Thomas invests the Pro-
tector, his Speech
Wilde Sir Will. chofe Recorder of London
Williams Dr.Biſhop of Lincoln Sentenced and
Fined 4. Releafed out of the Tower
Wilkins Dr. Bishop of Chefter
16
569
42
Wimot Lieutenant-General
Williamfon Sir Jol.made Secretary of tate599
Willoughby Lord Parham
307
7+,75
Windfor-castle garrison'd39. Poor Knights 372
Windebanck Secretary flieth beyond Seas6.
His Son Col. Windebank hot
De Wit joyns with, De Ruyter and Engageth
with Blake, worsted 326, 327. Worted by
Blake in the Downs 327. Conveys a great
Fleet into the Sound 349,De Wit's fall5Ɛ9
Wogan Col. revolts to the King 177. His gal-
lantry at Baggot-Rath 242. At Duncan-
non245.Taken Prifoner by Col.Zanchy 254-
Slain and buried in Scotland
Woodcock Sir Thomas
Woodstock yielded
355
404
99
565
278
109 to III
297, 298
Woodmongers Charter demanded
Woman banged at Oxford
Worcefter Marquifs, &c.
Worc. fter miferably plundered
Wrestling in Moor-fields put down, and
Worfly Maj. Gen. flain
Writs for a free Parliament
Y
381
439
Yeomans & Bourcher murthered at Briſtol46
York Surrendered
61, 62
York Duke eſcapes from St. James's 176. At
the Hague 275. His gallantry in the French
King's Service commended by Marſhal Tu-
renne 311. Stays at Paris 363. Surpri-
zeth fome English Forces under Reynolds
in France 396. Attempts Mardike ibid.
His valour and conduct at Dunkirk-fight
406. Aboard the Fleet 449. Meets the
Queen off the Isle of Wight 508. His Son
Christened 523. Sets forth to Sea 529. Re-
turns ibid. Aboard the Fleet 532. Sailed
for the Coat of Holland 536. Takes feveral
Holland Merchant-men 537. Lays the fe-
cond Stone at the Exchange 565. Returns
from the Fleet 588. Goes to meet the Dut-
cheß of Modena, and returns with her to
London
594
The Dutchess of York dies 580. Dutchefs
brought to bed of a Daughter
599
Youghal and Cork, and most of the Towns of
Munfter, revolt from the Lord Inchiqueen
246
Z
Zound of Denmark, an English Fleet under
Capt. Ball fent thither 327. A Fleet ſent
thither under Gen. Montague
4:6.
{
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JUANA 1934
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