. . .4° *.*.*.* - * * * * * ,, , - 't i i * *****, sº - “ - - . . . . . . . . e : * Sy s gºw- #: B * 3r 2 - I- 4… %./ J% a aſ a 4. f. & - Av. 2 / //7 fº/M * A 43 HORACE MAN N. MAY 4TH, 1796, - - - - MAY 4TH, 1896. "What, then, Can I do? Can I enshrine my spirit in your hearts, so that when I fall in the ranks (as I hope to fall in the very front ranks of this Contest), and when my arm shall no longer strike, and my voice no longer Cheer, you may pursue the conflict, and win the victory, the victory of righteousness under the banner of Jesus Christ P . . . I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these, my parting words: BE RSHRMED TO DIE UNTIL YOU HPAVE WON SOME VICTORY FOR HUMPUNITY.'" Baccalaureate Addresss of 1859. ſ||Yemorial EterCige9. */ / bº FOR THE CENTE N A R Y OF TH E E J R TH OF HORACE MAN N, TO B E H E LD IN ANTIOCH COLLEGE, YELLOW SPRINGS, OHIO, JUNE 16, 1896. |\rogram. 9 O'CLOCK, A. M. A DDRESS, HON. W. A. BELL, INDIANA POLIS, / N DIAN A. (CLASS OF 1860. ) 2: 3O O'CLOCP.3, P. M. A DDRESS, DR. EDWARD ORTON, STATE UN ſ VERS/TY, COLU M EUS, OH ſo. - (PRESIDENT OF ANTIOCH COLLEGE, 1872. ) 3 : J5 O'CLOCK, P. M. ADDRESS, DR. J. B. WESTON, PRESIDENT OF CHRISTIAN BIBLICAL J NSTITUTE, STAN FORD VILLE, NEW YORK. ( CLASS OF 1857.) 8 TO TO O'CLOCK, P. M. REU NION OF A LUMNI, STUDENTS AND FRIENDS OF A N TIOCH COLLEGE, Dear Friends:— Rt the meeting of the Plumni of Rntioch College last summer, the fact was noted that the present year, 1896, was the hundredth anniversary of the birth of her famous first President, Horace Mann. Measures were proposed and taken to celebrate the event here, by call- ing together from near and far the children of the College, that they might meet and clasp hands at the shrine where one of the first educators of the age offered up his life in their behalf. Through the columns of this paper, Rntioch most cordially invites and urges you to come to her, and assist in making the occasion what it should be, one to be remembered forever, Come to the Spot hallowed by a thous- and associations, into which Horace Mann breathed a life that can never die. You may or may not have seen him, but, conciously or unconsciously to you, he has influenced your lives and the lives of those who have been Called to fill his place. Then come, and,- to use a favorite quotation of his, -"Orient your- selves," and go forth again, refreshed, to the duties of life. -*. l | N ºnſ lilºu UNEP \\0 }) | | Zaarºº co, ºr 7. HORACE MANN, EOR N IN FRAN KLIN TON, MASS., MA Y 4, 1796. DJ E D A T YELLOW SFR I NGS, OH IO, A UGUST 2, 1859. Rfter a temporary interment in the grounds of Rntioch College, in a spot now marked, through the care of later Rntioch, with a granite shaft, his body was removed to Providence, R. I., where it still remains, In the too short space of his life, he was associated with some of the greatest names and greatest reforms of his time and nation. He was Sec-. retary of the Board of Education in Massachusetts, Member of Congress, and gave up his nomination as Governor in order to accept the Presidency of Rntioch College, Rs truly as any hero, martyr, Saint, he took up his cross at the latter place, and died, " a brave soldier in the war of liberation of humanity.” Nothing can better show the might and influence of his character than the fact that each succeeding year has only served to deepen the impression it made, Dtioch iſ) the lin)e of Horace Man). —- -—e--e-º-º- -e--————- In One sense a college begins its career when it first opens its doors for the admission of students, but to onlookers it is little more than a college in the making until it has sent out into the world its first graduates, whose accomplishments bear wit- ness to the kind of work which the institution is fitted to do. I was not a witness of the gathering together of the raw material out of which the first Antioch classes were largely formed, but, ſor- tunately, there are a few men and women still among its who can speak of those earliest days from personal knowledge. My own connection with the institution dates from the carly part of the academic year in which it first had a Senior class, that is, from the autumn of 1856, and it is of some of the clements of its life during the six years preceding the suspension of the college in 1862,-quacque ipse widi, et quorum pars fiti,- that I purpose to write briefly, - College coeducation in those days was still a novelty. Oberlin, almost if not quite alone of American colleges, had already opened its loors to women as well as men, and to white and black alike. It was announced from the beginning that the policy of Antioch would be no less inclusive. It might have been expected that Horace Mann, the staunch defender of human liberty on the floor of the national congress and wherever clºse oppor- tunity offered, would brook no discrimination of -ace in an institution presided over by him, but 1131I] .IOJ ‘s.io Auld oul Jo IIIXIS oA Inu.n.duloo out, 1son pInous lioiu w poxeld ocſ on su A out:3 ou ! ...Tuo asſo.Ioxa Ioy ‘Auuixion; W Jo puu Isl out uo huo.110.1 lion -tzot. A lino uſ ‘198 L J O Loluluns out .Ioj Kolla, Bull Aoq t; Jo IO-intloo O.A.Ismloxo ouſl Jo osuo(Ixa oll out ult AA poiu.us XIñuſilla, oh Tuohuuu oninb hou Ji soul -It SIU1-IOui Xiu, uip.IO on pouoos slu.IOui Jo opoo slu Jo soliniuo otuos muul'oinpooo.id Jo Sul.IOJ Iboluloun .IO) luloos sill St. A liaox OS popoolium ox; on pow Ol -IU loaoli ou lotu A ‘oicſ issod su.A. o.1Oul Hulun out JI oolioſop 1soul.iuo sni O1 IO ‘oolleul.ioſ.iod shi on oiliol -Iulio U St A\ ‘s.iouſ, O.I.O Hostului loſ Ioun to “lux;1.1 su: MA Huſul tº hull looj OJ, undop Ivoludosoliud isolazo.13 oul JO , Ou Ji .1051A Iºnsm un Jo puttu e Jo s.10A Od oul III: JO ool A.los polull sun oun O.Al33 ou ‘Antip o'ſ Ol Lulli O1 pouloos 10A on buſ A. O.J. LIOIssud Inzoll||13 stuſ st: A O.Inleu s, Lium: W - W JO oils.ionob.rullo Hui II.Ins 1solu ou L J O p.lu out 2.1ojoq .108 out Alquqo.1(I 3 tiſun t; sh: A ‘3 ul.Inzo As out-jo.id on ponolppu huu Aoulos ocſ on u \otix sh: A oli osnazooq eluſold II) oxiolloon; 5uſsol Jo .153 upp III ocI pinous Liu Lu tº 11. UJ. 's Án; p Osotſi, ui on Out Mool soil [not] oioIIoo liol UAA Jo ool A hunz.15u [] put: uodo Áluo su M 11 ‘oln.I u su ‘nnd IIolluoglumb sºul polious loulošoniu In?.louds uſ sojoſloo unsoliouſ V nuum hon 'tion unpu.13 Jo uotlipuoo oſqustiods!puſ uu su snuopmns sh; Āq Ionou.nzuo Inzioul oſciullou old -0.1.1 un: Jo uoissossod out, uod n obuonsisu ložiuolls sh; su.A “sodoloo Iouno Luo.1) pousinjulºsip KIC| -už.I.O.Al-J of p[mous USO11 LIV hull Lium; W - W J O LIOI1 -buttu.Ionop outl sh: A 11 loſt|A uſ loodso.I loulou V Kni.IOI.lojuſ [un]oollonuſ poulºu -III: .115un on opt: Lu Suoissoolloo Ou oal: li O1 popoon outloolow stun on popuodso.I OUAA LiottiOAA out 1bul plus O(I KID.It II pool. 11 s.lazoA K1.1OJ 1sul out, Jo Oouloſ -loſſ XO all Jo husil out uſ III: O1 uinino.I.ino ouo pologo uoin in 111suſ .193 uno Á outl “Aniol-duo Oulu Huaj A.Ibuip.10 oun pun: spooli ou lululo) on polins ionoſ oſſ On posoddins ‘uouſ OAA IOI Kpinns Jo os.inoo pogºpouli tº pull Ionia: I out, suo.iouſ A Ioj ‘u H.Io(T() JO oduluxo oul polio]10quoAo Uſoon LIV JO p.Ibou Ilooq 10K Ioaoui put ul: Luo AA poultz.11-050IIOo 12 pul:Lºug| AoN LIAAO sitſ uſ hull ºut.lopistloo ‘uouſ OAA Jo shu:31. It nool ‘lol ul It? in Do out Jo out.11oop out on 1.1m2Cl stu lio out Oo -IOAA l; A 1.1139 uſ. Os poll: (liol, Liu OAlzu KIL).Inzu pinoo olio 1. ‘ālbu21u2O lllll:SI) 20t:10C]. 8 fborace (ISann Centenary). would be to arouse a spirit of competition and to encourage an uncommendable strife for victory; each one was simply to exercise his muscles with- out any reference to what the muscles of the other were accomplishing. If this mental attitude seems to anyone senseless and even ridiculous, let him remember that it was the outcome, however strained, of that truly ethical sentiment which condemns the effort of one human being to over- power or get the advantage of another. But an example of this thorough-going conscientiouness upon a higher plane is not wanting. Nothing in matters pertaining to colucation seemed to him more to stand in need of amendment than the ordinary relations subsisting between teacher and pupil. The notion, whether native or English-born it matters not, that the schoolmaster and his scholars are by nature 1mutual enemies, and the kindred notion derived from this, that scholars should band together against the common cncmy and endeavor to shelter from merited discipline all offenders against law, were both supremely hateful to him. At Antioch he set himself to eradicate all His first and most practical effort in this direction was to traces of this most irrational temper. win the members of the upper classes not only to a recognition of the soundness of his views, but also to a hearty willingness to undertake to 1make them prevail among the students as a recognized ethical standard. It is not to be supposed that all traces of the old leaven could be at once removed, especially in an institution whose pre- paratory department was largely made up of a constantly fluctuating element; but the first grad- uating classes di'l to a marked extent contribute to the good order and discipline of the college by openly placing themselves on record as aiders and not opponents of the constituted authorities in their efforts for the promotion of the best welfare of the whoſe college community. When, upon the death of Mr. Mann and the accession of the Rev. Thornas Hill to the presidency, IJr. Bellows re- marked to the new president that there were some peculiar notions of his predccessor with regard to Thorace flyann Centenary. 9 college management with which he doubtless would have no sympathy—referring to the views just now spoken of-the reply came very promptly that no educational opinions of Mr. Mann com- mended themselves to him more completely than these. Since Mr. Mann and the present writer had inherited from two of the older New England uni- versities those traditions concerning the true ideal of collegiate education whose glory had not in those days been questioned, it was natural that our conferences upon college matters should be Without distinctly and by name setting before us Harvard and Brown as exceptionally frequent. examples for imitation, doubtless our more inti- mate acquaintance with the methods of these two institutions had its marked influence in determin- ing the recommendations which we made to the faculty concerning scholastic requirements and especially the demands to be made upon those who Not to institute comparisons in any direction, it may be would win the honors of the institution. said without risk of contradiction that from the very outset, few of the older colleges of the coun- try did better work and secured better results, making due allowance for the difficulties attendant upon a new undertaking, than the then western but now central college over which Horace Mann was so fortunately called to preside—for- tunately, though it cost him years of anxious toil and a shortened life, for the blood of the martyrs is the seed not of the church alone, but of every enterprise which looks to the moulding of men into the image of God. GEORGE L. CARY, President of Meadville Theological School. REV. THOMAS H I LL, D. D. JANUARY 7, 1888, - * “Transparently frank, guileless, unsparingly faithful in duty, . . he manifested in his whole life the beauty and power of the religion of which he was the earnest and devoted minister. He can have had no enemies, but more friends than can be counted. A. I’. PEA IROI) Y. “The world will remember him as the philos- oplmer, the man of science, the learned theologian and preacher, profoundly thoughtful, the great student, the scholar of almost universal attain- ments, who made pilgrimages to all the holy lands of literature and learning; who loved to loiter on - NOVEM E E R 21, 1891. O the way wherever the mood invited, and to bring back, as from adventurous voyages, the marvels of his discovery and research, and all this great- ness of attainment, combined with rare kindliness and simplicity of life and with a stately purity and nobility of character. Nor will he be forgot- ten as onc who has added his own share to what is beautiful in our poetry. In this world there remain for him only love, good will and grateful remembrances, to crown with honor the close of faithful service and a holy life. ” J. C. PERKINs. Some Reminiscences of Thomas Hill, Second President of Antioch. I returned to Antioch after an absence of some years, just after the death of Mr. Mann, so that I was one of the crowd of anxious students who assembled to welcome our new president, (borace (ISamm Centenary). 11 Our orator forgot part of his address of wel- come, and Mr. Hill helped him out with tact and kindness. I wonder if that young man, now a successful lawyer in a distant city, has ever again been as scared as he was when he welcomed the new President to Antioch 2 I see by reference to Dr. A. P. Peabody's bio- graphical notice that Thomas Hill was placed at the age of twelve years in a newspaper Office. He speaks of his first literary production, a New Year's address to the patrons of the paper. He does not mention however that the boy was poorly housed and worse fed, became desperate and ran away with a comrade. His nephew, who told me of this adventure, used to point out a fine residence in I’rinceton and say, “Uncle Tom slept one night on an ash heap in that yard.” It was always a comfort to me to know that a boy who had slept on an ash heap in Princeton, should have been at his next visit to the place, ex-president of Antioch and of Harvard. It gave me hope for boys in general, boys of the present and boys of the future. He ran away from neg- lect and abuse but yielded to kindness and good treatinnent. His methods with the young were the outgrowth of his own experiences. While pastor of the First Church at Waltham, Mass., he became quite an active worker on the school board, and was for a long time chairman of the same. One day a boy who was considered incorrigible was sent to him. As he came into the study, Dr. Hill merely mo- tioned him to a seat and apparently went on with his work. In reality he was watching the boy. The latter rather restless and uneasy, sat waiting for awhile, but finally legan to examine the books in the case, selected one, and was soon absorbed Then the When he knew that the boy liked to read he furnished him enough to forget his present difficulties. good doctor found the clew he wanted. with books, and fairly won his heart. In this and every other way, he was intelligently kind and gentle to us all. He seemed aſtraid of nothing so much as of misunderstanding or underrating us. “I’II H NO,LoNI,\{I &IS$12I&III L 'o)||JO Sollinolull) outl outloo -10A O Alo.ilns unjo ouo ‘us mouo undulo.11s pulu: usin oud ooliollud pul: tûnouo oxol unt A\ pul: ; oolioſlud lux).I'd pun: oxol huo.13 puzu ou n|nq ‘unsuinul IIu. .Ionju sh;AA out .I.Q) “shun BJ sill pull nuopiso.id in () ‘Ābuloul oInnul A.I.O.A inq 'llioul IOJ liOHOAop pub opni Ilu-15 sus A O.Lou L tuitl II11A po.IO(IUI Oul AA S.Iollobol pol OA -op out pºp su 'sm ult A spoo's Stu polvus III H .I(I ...,’ poou s, Ioullout: un A on:us oxy Oshuu A liſ pooplit 100x sl loclclims Alou oui, , —: SAus IIoM OT sv ‘oouis Ioxa Kpool puu pošu.In Oosip puu A.InfoAA outl podiou o Aull puu (Isn't pook; Isu pul; ous UITO;I (loos Ioul opus (I ou ‘Os Op on pologo puu lulu Audo.I ‘11 unt AA oslo ouo ouros diouſ pun: Aouloul out, On olcſú lio] ous uvu.A ‘p.IUAA.Ionju S.IboA “...loui podlou (N, 9) —& a-HIW º ºiſſºt pl?UI OUAA AA oux on huopians out, lulu A you pºp ouſ osnuooq Ah-in;d p.11u1 tº usino.it) || |uos putſ III II ‘.I(I olou tº uou AA 'AAuol on 5ut.ludo.id nsinſ su A oijolloo tuns po. In Do.1 out 35ultituluoo louſ popula;u Su AA 1u Luo. IOI lios Iou pueds on subout 1 unioujus Julo -III A JIosiou Sullpu U shuopills USO!? LIV out, Jo ou () ‘pupium ... O us.IbuI lovou su A 10A pul: “o.10AA oxy su Sn Al:S Th;ull obuoso.id tº oilojoq 1sououisil) .io unsoul Suloci JO poult: usu alo A of A ‘ouill outs out, hu Ahlu KOI put: oA OI.imo uo AA pun: “soullnouglp in O poºlos ou snu L ... ºut -II.loui out ul Kushio O.I.Oui din oxlu A 1, Ulop in OA JI oos , , XIII IN , , … .Ioddins Ioſ Iuli.lp in OA Op hull A - ". IN , , ‘poºlsu puu ‘UO nº oxazo"I Os Tučnoun I IIV , , puu (In poslool ionooGI out, tulu Sulpjobs Jo plansu I "[oduuo on on UI AIpohuodo. 5uioq lo) lulu on huos su A luopin]'s U. p.m.; A.lu H 11: Äoliopisold Siu şul.In(I *(\ll 11211120 lllll:SI) 2013.10C]. Žl ‘alīolloC) out, Ko ultſ to pollo]uoo Spit, M.Io]Jú St. A s].IV Jo Iolaudu, I go oolºop ou.I.s. -III Un: St. IISAA St Jopua.I sno.io Alutuo un sh: A\ oII ‘SSUIN “...lo-AIN Ill: `I pulu Ahio S.I.O.V AoN uſ soulo.inuo on poulon; old ou Sp-In-A-Long V 'stu.IOjo.1 popooli ogl on pouloop ou lºu A\ Jo Ouli aul III 'o.innull ludinou.id put a NInt: Inoods Ulloq Jo shou.I., Illius Iu.I.O.AoS polls]] climd put on O.I.A pun: “11.iids Jo uoli OAop su IIoAA Su musin Oul Jo ooliopubdopul Stu po AM Ous out 5.10H 'oulou slu tuo.1] In J houl IIAA on 5ul.Innoujinuºul lineus u ‘oll! An Io-I ul Suluovo.id pooliouiuloo oll “ost, Jo S.Ivo A buo-AntioA1 Libul SSol ‘ātin O.W. A.I.O.A Ulkinoll L s' oo.15ap slu Sublun 1 mount A oxiolloo otli Luo.1] Ava.ipull AA ou 'uosuo.I ‘SIC|{{I outl Jo Apnns out ul ponso Ionul AIll-loodso su AM 1 m (I ‘ssaxlo oluos loj ‘uoin unpu.15 oiojoq AI1.1oulS sill ul Slutz.I pooj u plou ou 3-loRI ‘utiod ‘tion tº hu ‘oxiolloo on hoxuju' I polio]uo pun: ‘asolloo loſ poiud •Nº. *, *, * ºw- Sº, */tvº -oid ou stun Ionjv 'llo.inuo out, unIAA Sunlun pun: tiolillo. Jo uoissojo.id oil qud stu Ilin sniuoč Jo suffis luloods ou ponsolun-ui unsuv 'uo.inuo unjulst.luo où1 JO S.loquoul pun: “...lonou.net]o un:Insi.luſo AIpoproop Jo ‘outh Sun log obuomput put unluo A oilul Jo Kll -lub] tº Jo “ſ 'N 'Non-duo, I ul u.Ioq Su A Su.10 "..ICI “tutu Jo Aus on Sulull IIAo out ovull plmoo ‘ulons Nun, olio AA oloun Ji , , ‘n.iud * { A.I.U.I.Tuoo out, JO blo AA Ou A\ osoun, 113 U1 ‘s.iouſlo On 5ul.IIdsul pun: axllisi.III) XIIvo. Os ‘huonsistiod -]los Os ‘o.ind Os allow all slu put sliotho. Alloo Snoisilo. SHH 1.It?oul Siu Jo unui.In A out, pun: ‘pudul stu Jo ssou.Iuolo oun 'ssoupoos huo.iudsu.e.In sºul ‘11.11ds SIUI Jossoullo AOI populmo.I-IIIlj out, NGI utill Ol ‘(I (I ‘şū?.IO unsm V AoN out si silonoidsuoo solu out, Jo Ouo u OAA Su.A. utiluſ A\oux ou AA ouo A.IoA&I ‘osollo o ljooinul V. Jo Kilnot. I out, ul pont loossu (looq oAvu ou A Ionotº-Inzulo onblum Jo uoul out, Suoul V .*.*.*, *I wº OIV& O N I_LSſ) V &ICI -HO S3 ON3 OS IN I W31&I 14 'ſbotace (Iyann Centenary). dependent thinker. He became greatly interested in the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, and though he never became a disciple, the thought and spirit of the mystical Secr gave a tinge to his own thought and spirit in all his later 1jſe. Subse- quently he was called to the pastorship of the church in Plooming Grove, Orange county, N. Y. This had formerly been the original Presbyterian parish of the town, but its pastor, Dr. Arbuckle, having incurred the displeasure of the Presbytery for some alleged heresies of teaching, withdrew from the denomination. His church followed him and stood independent. It was a large church composed of the wealthy and intelligent farmers as well as lawyers and other business men of the town. Here Dr. Craig remained as pastor for nearly twenty-five years. Here he first met Horace Mann. Through his influence Mr. Mann was invited there to give his lecture to Young Men. He was entertained by Mr. Craig, and was struck by his conscientious sincerity as well as by his quiet scholarship. Mr. Craig was then engaged, for his own profit, in a word-for-word translation of the New Testannent from Greek into English. The uniqueness and thoroughness of the work he was doing struck Mr. Mann with especial interest, and he conceived a great admiration and a warm friendship for his host which lasted during his life. He frequently said that he had never met a man who seemed to him so nearly the ideal of Jesus Christ as Austin Craig. When Dr. Holmes, the original professor of Greek on the Antioch Faculty, obtained leave of absence and went to Europe, at the earnest solic- itation of President Mann Dr. Craig was called to take the chair during his absence. Thus he first hecame attached to the Antioch corps of instruct- ors. Though his success in the routine of class work did not equal his scholarship, he became an in- fluential member of the Faculty. He was especially the preaching member. In his head and heart he The resources from Start him was a prophet of goodness. which he drew seemed inexhaustible, 1botace (ISann Centenato. 15 at any time, and a sermon would flow out. When speaking, he became oblivious of everything but his subject. Tho' his voice was weak and low, and there was no demonstrativeness in his man- ner, the originality of his thought, the freshness of his expression, and the charm of his spirit, gave his sermons a peculiar attractiveness and force. Everybody liked to hear him preach. Iłut his ser- mons were long, frequently lasting an hour and a half. Grove parishioners, who rode five or six miles for His large-headed, broad-minded Blooming a single service on Sunday, were not satisfied with a short sermon, and he had formed his habit ac- cordingly. The members of the Faculty expostu- lated with him on the length of his sermons, and assured him that with half the time he would do as much good and save himself the work; lout he said that while speaking he knew nothing of the lapse of time. They urged him to consult his watch, and stop at the crid of forty-five minutes, at the longest. He promised to try it. And one day, at the end of about forty-five minutes, I saw him take out his watch, and thought he was going to look at it and stop. But without look- ing at all, he held the watch in one hand, rubbing its face with the other, and in that position kept on talking for forty-five minutes more. And it seemed that not a word could be spared. The sweetness and purity of his private life, and the strong social element in his nature, gave him a great influence over all who associated with him, and makes his memory beloved. After a year or two in the Greek professorship, he returned to his Blooming Grove church ; but on the reconstruction of the Faculty in 1857, in the interim preparatory to the sale and repurchase of the college property, he was recalled to another chair. It was at this time that he met and became engaged to Miss Adelaide Churchill, a member of the class of 1858. This was the occasion of Dr. Warriner's conundrum — “How is it that some members of the graduating class are older than members of the Faculty '' The answer was, - “Because Miss Churchill is Dr. Craig's Senior.” 16 Iborace Tann Centellaty). He soon afterward was 1married to Miss Churchill, and went again to his work in Blooming Grove. It was about this time that, on the recommen- dation of President Mann, the Trustees conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. This was not in harmony with the simplicity of his tastes. He declined to accept it, and desired not to be ad- dressed by the title, His wish was respected by his friends as far as possible; but when he became head of the Christian Biblical Institute, the title attached to him in spite of his wishes. When, on the outbreak of the war, I)r. Hill re- signed the I’residency, the Faculty were scattered, and a large part of the College work was suspend- cd, Dr. Craig was made President of the I}oard of Trustees, with leave to remain in Blooming Grove. Prof. Weston was acting President, and assumed the general responsibility of the College work. J)r. Craig returned at Commencements, and gave the diploma to the one graduate of each year. On the cindowment, and the re-opening of full College work, after the war, he was continued as acting Presi- dent, and removed with his family to Yellow Springs, tendering his final resignation as pastor at Plooming Grove. He remained at Antioch till his resignation and the election of Dr. Hosmer in 1867. osophical and ethical studies of the senior classes, During this time he had charge of the phil and preached at the College on Sundays. It was at this time also, and through his influence, that Professor Edward Orton was called to be Princi- pal of the Preparatory department. He proved, as is well known, a strong supporter to Dr. Craig, and added great strength to the Faculty. The classes that came under I) r. Craig's care, the students and others that listched to his preaching, and the Faculty that was associated with him in the daily work of the College, felt that his liſe, and speech and all his influence was a benediction. And the equanimity with which he bore himself, the firmness and yet impartial friendliness mani- fested by him during church difficulties that oc- curred while he was in Yellow Springs, gave him the conſidence of all parties except a few who ſborace flyann Centenary). would have liked to use him for selfish ends, and could not. By those who were members of the College, or citizens of the town while he was con- nected with the College, he will always be remem- bered with great esteem. Soon after leaving Antioch, Dr. Craig was ap- pointed to the Presidency of the Christian Biblical Institute, serving a year in the meantime as pas- tor of the First Christian church, of New Hedford, Mass. The Institute was opened, under his Pres- idency in the buildings of Starkey Seminary, N. Y., in the ſal1 of 1868. moved to Stanfordville, its present location. In 1872 the school was re- He remained in this position, giving to the students of the Institute the benefit of his inimitable daily lec- tures, till August, 1881, when his sudden death brought sorrow to many hearts throughout the ãº. ###3. tº jº º ~ 17 country. He had been enjoying his usual health, and on the day previous to his death had been gathering pears from a favorite tree, and carrying them to the house on his shoulder. At night he had a painful and sudden attack of what the phy- sicians called cholera, though it lacked the usual symptoms of that disease, and at ten o'clock on the next day he quietly breathed his last in the bosom of his family. Any who remember Dr. Craig, could give many reminiscences of unique things of his doing and saying. Space, however, will not allow us to enter upon them. But of the good men who have been connected with the Faculty of Antioch,-and there is a grand galaxy of them—no one is more to be remembered for his transparent goodness that, I)r. Austin Craig. J. B. WESTON. •s ºs, *** | . º - º º º DR. GEORGE W. HOSM ER. # Rev. George Washington Hosmer, D.D., was born in Concord, Mass., Nov. 27, 1803, and died in 1881. Pastor for thirty years in Buffalo, N. Y., he was President of Antioch College from 1866 to 1873,- “Seven years of marked and beautiful influence,”— and for five years pastor at Newton, Mass. “A holy man, with large experience, excellent judgment, and entire consecration of mind and heart. His grand frame and broad, smiling face dignified carriage and sonorous voice, with his careful attention to manners and costume, gave him a natural superiority. To carry a smile like his around the world requires great essential worth and dignity of character to save it from be- Antioch under The arrival of my father and myself at Yellow Springs took place in Septemeer, 1866. We came ; * § Š sº, * * * * coming sentimental and weak. It was his charm, and perhaps somewhat his cross, for nobody could be as uniformly sweet and tender as he looked. But broad and general as his smile was, he lived up to it, and felt what it indicated as nearly as any creature of mortal flesh and blood could. It was the genuine expression of a rare good nature, a true love for his kind, an easy, ready power of making the best of everything, a native and prin- cipled benignity, springing from a full and gener- ous heart, and maintained by the power of a good conscience and a determined will. ... We should expect to see his grave smiling with flowers, even in winter.” HENRY W. BELLOWs. Dr. Hosmer. * together, with our families, on a tempestuous even- ing, finding shelter from the storm, though hardly 2O Thorace flyann Centenary. from homesickness, in a little tavern of the village. Next day however we were in the President's house, and soon the foundations were laid of a pleasant home. When the term opened, the num- ber of students, large and small, was not far from two hundred,—to a large extent young men and women of excellent promise, to labor for whom was a pleasure. No picture of Antioch life in the late sixties and seventies would be at all fair which should omit certain pleasant features, some of which were quite peculiar to the college. At frequent intervals the parlors, halls and piazzas of the President's house were thrown open to the students and their friends. Light, music, flowers made the occasions attractive; the evening was given to delightful and refining intercourse; in indirect but effective ways the young men and women were brought under humanizing influences. At Thanksgivings, faculty and students dined together in the com- mon hall, an atmosphere of good cheer and good feeling prevailing, which gave these occasions the air of great family festivals. At Commencement for several years one evening was given up to the presentation of some noble play in the chapel, the glen being rifled of its green and flowers to make rich the mimic garden, the village ransacked for properties to give elegance to palace-hall, the shapely youths and maids reciting as they moved therein the verses of our grandest poets. These performances I had the privilege of superintend- ing, giving to them much enthusiasm and work. Naturally, among my Antioch reminiscences, none are so pleasant as those connected with the plays. I had intended to write of them afresh, but hap- pening to take up an almost forgotten Atlantic article (which I wrote twenty-five years ago) to refresh my recollections, I feel I cannot do better than quote from it now. It was probably not much read at the time; 11obody now remembers it; and at this distance of time and place I cannot make so vivid a picture as the one I drew on the spot while the matters described were taking place, 1borace flyann Centenary. 21 “Our play at the last Commencement was “Much Ado about Nothing.’ months before, and studied with the material in It was selected six mind, the students in the literature class, available for the different parts. What is there, thought I, in Beatrice—sprightliness covering intense woman- ly feeling—that our vivacious, healthful Fanny Tucker cannot master; and what in Penedick, her masuline counterpart, beyond the power of Cooke to conceive and render 2 It is chiefly girlish beauty and simple sweetness that Hero requires, so she shall be Ada Vail; Claudio, Leonato, Don John, Pedro, we have clean-limbed, presentable fellows that will look and speak them all well; and as for lumbering Dogberry, Bergen, with his fine sense of the ludicrous will carry it out in the best manner. A dash of the pencil here and there through the lines where Shakespeare was suiting his own time, and not the world as it was to be after three hun- dred refining years, and the marking out of a few scenes that could be spared from the action, and the play was ready ; trimmed a little, but with not a whit taken from its sparkle or pathos, and all its lovelier poetry untouched. Then came long weeks of drill. In the passage, ‘() my lord, When you went onward to this ended action, I looked upon her with a soldier's eye,” etc., Claudio (Schenk) caught the fervor and softness at last, and seemed like Palamon, in love indeed. Ursula (Martha Holden) and Hero rose easily to the delicate poetry of the passages that begin, ‘The pleasantest angling is to see the fish Cut with her golden oars the silver stream,” and ‘Look where Beatrice like a lapwing runs." Pedro (Pitman) got to perfection his turn and gesture in ‘The wolves have preyed ; and look, the gentle day, Before the wheels of Phoebus, round about I)apples the drowsy cast with spots of gray.’ With the rough comedy of Dogberry and the watchman, that foils so well the sad tragedy of 22 ſpotace (ISamm Centenary). poor Hero's heart-breaking, and contrasts in its blunders with the diamond-cut-diamond dialogue of Benedick and I3eatrice, there was less difficulty. From first to last, it was engrossing labor, as hard for the trainer as the trained, yet still delight- ful work, for what is a conscientious manager but an artist striving to perfect a beautiful dramatic picture ? The different personages are the pieces for his mosaic, who, in emphasis, tone, gesture, by-play, must be carved and filed until there are no flaws in the joining, and the shading is perfect. I3tit all was ready at last, from the roar of Dog- berry at the speech of Conrade, “Away! you're an ass! you're an ass!” to the scarcely articulate agony of Hero when she sinks to the earth at her lover's sudden accusation, ‘O IIeavens ! how an I beset ! What kind of catechising call you this?’ I fancy you ask, rather sneeringly, as to our scenery and stage adjuncts. Is it wise to have only sneers for what can be brought to pass with modest means ? Our hall at Antioch is as large as the Christ Church refectory at Oxford, and hand- somely proportioned and decorated. A wide stage runs across the end. We found some ample cur- tains of crimson, set off with a heavy yellow silken border of quite rich material, which had been used to drape a window that had disap- peared in the course of repairs. This, stretched from side to side, made a wall of brilliant color against the gray tint of the room. The stage is the one thing in the world privileged to deceive. The most devoted reader of Ruskin can tolerate shams here. The costumes were devised with con- stant reference to Charles Knight, and, to the eye, were of the gayest silk, satin, and velvet. There was, moreover, a profusion of jewels, which for all one could see, sparkled with all the lustre of the great Florentine diamond, as you see it sus- pended albove the imperial crowns in the Austrian Schatz-Kammer at Vienna. The contrasts of tint were well attended to. Pedro was in white and gold, Claudio in blue and silver, Leonato in red, iborace (Iyann Centenary). 2 3 while our handsome Benedick, a youth of dark Italian favor, in doublet of orange, a broad black velvet sash, and scarlet cloak, shone like a bird of paradise. There was a garden-scene, in the foreground of which, where the eyes of the spectators were near enough to discriminate, were rustic baskets with geraniums, fuchsias and cactuses, to give a south- ern air. In the middle distance, armfuls of honey- suckle in full bloom were brought in and twined about white pilasters. There was an arbor over- bung with heavy masses of the trumpet-creeper. A tall column or two surmounted with graceful garden-vases were covered about with raspberry- vines, the stems of brilliant scarlet showing among the green. A thick clump of dogwood, whose large white blossoms could easily pass for magnolias, gaye background. The green was lit with showy color of every sort, handfuls of mas- turtiums, now and then a peony, larkspurs for blue, patches of poppies, and in the garden-vases high on the pillars (the imposition') clusters of pink hollyhocks which were meant to pass for ole- ander blossoms, and did. It was brought in at sundown, still wet with the drops of the after- noon shower, which had not dried away when all was in place. First it was given under gas; then, the hall being darkened, a magnesium-light gave a moon-like radiance, in which the dew on the buds glistened, and the mignonette seemed to exhale a double perfume, and a dreamy melody of Mendels" sohn sung by two sweet-girl voices floated out about the “pleached bower', like a song of night- ingales. Then toward the end came the scene of the chapel and Hero's tomb. To the eye, our Hero's tomb was a block of spotless marble seen against a background of black, with a fair figure recum- bent upon it, whose palms and lids and draping the chisel of an artist seemed to have folded and closed and hung,-all idealized again by the magic of the magnesium-light. As the crimson curtain was drawn apart, an organ sounded, and a far- away choir sent into the hush the ‘Ave Verum ' of Mozart, low-breathed and solemn. 24 1borace (Iyann Centenary, They were American young men and young wo- men, with no resources but those of a fresh-water college, and such as their own taste and the woods and gardens could furnish ; but the young men were shapely and intelligent, and the young women had grace and brightness; their hearts were in it, and in the result surely there was a measure of “sweetness and light', for them and for those who beheld.” The time from '66 to '73 was not the great time of Antioch. Nevertheless the traditions of Horace Mann were well preserved. A dignified and bencv- olent President was at the head ; among the Pro- fessors were many of ability; among the students much zeal and power. The teachers and the taught of those years, now becoming so remote, look back upon them with pensive pleasure. JAMEs K. HosMER. ANTIOCH IN THE SEVENTIES, “Oh to think of it, oh to dream of it !” (Kerry Dance.) I sit with my face towards the rocky ledges of the Coast Range, looking eastward. The charm The rains, for which we had to wait long, have tinged of California was never more persuasive. the low growth on the mesas with hues still som- bre, but relieved by bright strips of grain, and toned in the distance into the blue haze of the mountains. But I am looking castward. And my thought, escaping the fascination of a land where nature is as all, and even oppresses the sense which cannot free itself from the associations of other scenes and yield unreservedly to her power, alights in a little corner of the earth, a quiet nook, where one takes nature as it were by the hand, and sits with her in friendly converse. Twenty years soon slip by. And twenty years of changeful experience 1borace (Nann Centenary. 25 have passed since I searched the woods there for the Erigenia, the harbinger of spring. But time :an never dim the recollection of those tranquil days. Time indeed, though it works changes of its own upon our impressions, seems with the passing years to weave certain of our memories more close- 1y into the texture of the mind. And Antioch's in- fluence, Antioch's associations, have this enduring quality. They are imperishable elements of my life. And what I owe to Antioch, I owe indirectly to Horace Mann. But in my time, which was early in the seventies, Horace Mann, save as insepera- ble from his work, was no more than a tradition. He had finished his task, that is, the direct work of his hand, and others I never saw his face. had entered into his labors. And I suppose, judg- ing from what I could learn of his spirit and meth. ods, that the atmosphere of the school had in some degree changed since it had felt the influence of his personal control. I should say—perhaps those who knew the carlier Antioch and its founder would dispute the statement—that its spirit was broader. He had the make-up and the aims of a born educator. But in the strength of his reform- atory zeal there was a suggestion of the school- master's (shall I say the moralist's) narrowness, a too confident reliance upon mere rules and direct moral teaching, as compared with the indirect but deeper and more humanizing influence of a broad mental culture. But the broad mental culture was And in Antioch as I knew her, along with the passion for work, given, and it had its effect. * * and a generous hospitality to all forms of thought, there was on the whole a surprising geniality and soundness of tone, without much religious phras- ing or a too self-conscious morality. The hard work of a really good education is itself a moral discipline, and that work had begun to tell. In fact, the earnest, unpretending life of that little community in my student days seems to me now, at least in comparison with the life of the great world, little less than ideal. But if Antioch had in this sense developed, the initiatory impulse had come from Horace Mann. The spirit which per- 26 fiborace flºann Centenary). vaſled her work and her social relations was, in its developed form, the spirit which he had origi- nally breathed into her life. And the four years that I lived under the influ- ence of that spirit, I look back upon as among the happiest I ever spent. I could have been content to stay (let no satirical young “fresh ’’ say, to sleep) within the sound of the college bell all my life—making due allowance, of course, for inex- The little society there, organized on the principle of co-education, plicable accident to the bell. then still in the experimental stage, was in a sense complete in itself. True, the Crescents some- times attempted, it seemed to me, to prove that co-education is impossible in practice, by making life miserable, for instance, for the Adelphians or the Stars. that an important function of the Crescent, and of But riper experience has convinced me women generally, is to inure man to the cross, and I am equally convinced that in school, or out of school, she will do her duty. I had simply failed to grasp all the implications of the the- ory. And no causticity of the feminine mind (editorial) was ever remembered at the matron's receptions. The educated woman retained there all her social aſlroitness and graces, and taught us that no intellectual discipline will make her less than woman or less indispensable to man. Thus It had its own tasks, its own relaxation, and, with the help our world was in its way complete. of symathizing friends, its own independent life; and the student who staid in it long enough to fairly catch its spirit could not ſail to carry through life a beneficent scnse of the superiority of its ideals. Quiet toil and steady self-development took the place there of the pretense and the noisy display which divert so much of the world's atten- tion from the worlds' proper work, and obscure the fact that the roots of the virtues, intellectual and moral, must thrive, if at all, under ground. The humanizing effect of Antioch's culture would doubtless have been more complete if liter- ature had been as seriously studied as the sciences. Sound instruction in the ancient classics did much, 1borace (Iyann Centenary. 27 to be sure, to cure this defect. But the situation at Antioch, and what I may call the bias of her teaching, gave an extraordinary impulse to the study of nature. All through the glen, and for miles around, I suppose not a stone was left un- turned that might hide a beetle or some lowly type of life. And in this scrutiny of natural forms which extended, of course, to the constituents of the rich fossiliferous rocks of the region, the per- sistence and finer sense of woman fairly matched masculine strength. In fact, it gave one a new con- ception of woman's vocation to find her studying with equal address the structure of the latin period and the anatomy of the snake. It became quite clear that when the world should be made over she would rate as something more than a sensitive toy, or a mere bundle of disordered nerves; would take her place, in a word, as a human being with the full human endowment, looking at nature with intelligent curiosity, and not debarred by her deli- cate organization from the study of facts. Unfortunately Antioch was hindered in her de- And in estimating her value as an educational force, or velopment by the narrow ness of her means. as an expression of the principles and aims of her founder, one must bear in mind that she could not be all that she would. But she was much—more than I can express—to me; and I shall always look back upon the brief years that I spent in her ardent communion of teachers and learners, with its freedom from false ideals and false social tests, its hearty recognition of merit, its intellectual earnestness, and its religious breadth, with grate- ful and affectionate remembrance. FREDERICK MEA KIN. SAN DIEGO, CAL., March 25, 1896. EDWARD EVERETT HALE, TRUSTEE OF A rºy Troch Coll Eo E 1865, TO THE PRESENT DATE, I w TH 13 CAPAct TY, as 1 w Every or H ER, ºf E H As Dorye " * is level eest.” and steadily "lenºr a hand.” DR. EDWARD ORTON. #. sº2 3. 3. Dr. Edward Orton, born in New York State, March 9, 1829, has been a student and teacher all his life. President of Antioch in 1872, and Presi- dent of Ohio State University in 1873, he resigned the latter position in 1881 in order to devote him- self to the chair of geology in the same institution, and to the duties of State geologist. “The rocks have been his scroll; the stones the scrimons, wherein he has read the wonderful handi- work of the Almighty. He has walked in paths where few of his time have trodden, and he has reaped lessons from the fields of the universe which have but opened to him new avenues in the vast wilderness of the creation, the which he has "ol- lowed through the advancing years. He has been a writer of books, a teacher of men.” Columbus Dispatch, Jan. 1, 1896. 1so lonuſ unlaw hºlop out Nudo. IIIAA pun: "...lopuno, sº on opnl 113.13 Jo 1(lop Alibou tº loo! subtloo!]ul V 'llosoqo uood on ell pluoo 'sutu put: 11.11ds put all s, utte IN ooelo H. Jo on 113.1ouloululoo ÅIn 11 oilou "olls!..tomob.lullo allout it buo on sould tiºns! Luo Jo albuo tº Jo nuoux opus oun ".ibox lulu -uoluoo slul Jo so.inluo solubsuold oul Jo ouo owo ow ‘uoul oouis Ioll uſ 1solioluſ sºul uxolls us]]o sell où w puu 'o), Jo osbol \ou tº lot on tº 698 I uſ on A 'oohsil.11 tº ‘luoso.id he ‘oloul oolio puu 'soolsm.11 1s.11) s, Moorlu V Jo out) '...loui Iu, I ‘V stout...ISI ºud II ou o L wº- --- ºw *nº *13 WTVGH WZ SION VèI – NO H. --- -º- ºns *** -nº- WILLIAM CHANNING RUSSEL L. &ny t sº Sºº. Sº Sºe */iWS “tº 2: S Prof. William Channing Russell died Feb. 24, 1896, at his home in Yonkers, N. Y., aged eighty-two. His connection with Antioch Col. lege in 1865, as Professor of History, conferred upon her an honor which later Antioch appre- ciates, and is proud to record. AARON BURT CHAMPION. Aaron Burt Champion, born in Columbus, O., Feb. 9, 1842, died in London, England, Sept. 6, 1895, and is interred in Kensal Green Cennetery.' As treasurer of Antioch College, lie served her in- terests wisely and well, and was in all ways a true friend whose absence is her loss. { U Nu - D \ºlº 3 “Here's to our college—God bless her Here's to the day of her birth ! Here's to her beauty, and health, and wealth ! May she shine like a star upon earth ! And here's to the men and women Who shall sing and speak and rhyme When a hundred more years of laughter and tears Shall have passed through the gates of time!” —Zella Reid Cronyn. is.… i* & :: *:::::: --- - - - - - - -. - - & • * . - - * - - * * -- .*, * # 8 * * * - - $ * -- - * > -- ~ * ~ * * * ~ * <-- - - - - - • *- : . .” * , ; - * * * * *- \ , ', - - • *, * •. - - - '' . . -- *- - *- * * , * * - $ . * , - * * * ...--—- -- . +. * , . . . .* : * - ,- a . . . - - - - - - - * * - * § - - . • * * - - - - - * * * * - - - - - -, --...- ... . . . . - - - - - - º: * - - . - - - ..". * . * + " ' " : º, . . . " * - - - - - '*',' * , , - i . . . - - . * * * : * -- . . . . . . , sº ºt - , , . . . . , wº •- - - " . * - º t - - s' * . . - ~ . . - e --- , t . . . . s . ‘. . * . … • - - - - - - *__ .. - - - - - - - - r - a ** t * . . *. . - - J - v \ * - “. . . . • , , - * * *... r - " .. , 3. - • + x - - - - * - ... • * * - - q ... ', ... • . . . * . . --- s * - - ** * * - - x - * * , - - - # - * -- - . * * * * * , * - - *, * - -- ; \ -- - - - - 3 * ... ." s - i - - - - ---> ----- - • - … - - - - - - * “** twº- tºº, • * , . * - - - * - . . . . - - - - • * * - - . . . . . \\ * - * *-* * - - -- ... --> - . *- ~. - - • , . - - - - t \ - . . . . . " - •. J. ' - * * - - l - - > *. ... . . . . ~~~~ * * : * * * * -- .* - , “t 3. - 2 . . º. - -- -- “. - . * - * * * †. : . s .*.*.*. . . --→e. , - . . . . . " . . ...: “-- . . .” “” “: “rs- ..., , ... . . . . . t . & * * ~...~ :- - * ... . . - ! is." Ax ***..." •. . *º-º-º: x * ** i. - * . . . ****-*------.S.. … g.,. . Y * As ... ". . . ** ----> <--> ****… . . . . . *...*: ...º.º.º. . . . . . . . . . . . *****, *:::.. ** . . * , , , ºº, " *** **** * !'…”, ~ *.** * .******* - • *- :---- ..'. A * * . 3, .", ... " - . . . . ~~";-sess-seº Awa--. A gºv" i", a ..", wartº, I.T. . . . . . . . . . . -* * * * ‘. . * ~5: . . ... . . . . . ~~. • ‘. . .” ... • rº * . . .*. fº sº sº . . . . . . . . . **** *** . . . grº-ºº: rº-ºººº.....” * : *.*** *-** * * * : *.x:: ** ..-e-r-sº ". . .” -- ~~~~ **, *, - - -** . , , . “ * * * . . . . . . ...}, . • . . . . . , s . • * ... " ". ***...~ * > . * . . . . r * - - 2. --, - ... ----ee- “*****...* -r- • * 3. - * … - *} . . . - . ...— . . . .”.” * * - - - . …**i.:# *-, . • *.*.*.*- - ** ; : ***** * * . . . . ... • --- ’’ . - - ... • , sº ** - - z - --- - - " - ~~~~ -----. . . . . . . . . . ;---- ..-in-º’- * : * ~~~. . . . . - re--~. - - - - * * * * * . ; . . . . . * - - , , ... f* * * **, *. - , , . . s , - . - -- : " -- - , , ...--ºperºr,”----- . . . - - * 8. . . , zºº. Sºº-ss-" " - * * erº" . A , -, --~~~~~~~~~~~...~...~... " ' " ... . - . - g - - - - - • * * *-*... ".. . - • . ** = . . . . . . . . *.s., - -, *, * : * * , •- , , ” x - - - . . . . .” ---> . . . . ~< *** * * * '.' ' ' '. **** ~ *; - + . . ." g - g . . . - ».--~~~, . ---------' " . . r; . R. - ...~~~. “” “*-- * * - - . . . . . . . . ... Yºº-ºº: - - ; : * * : * ~ . . . ; ... * **-*... . . . . . . - - . . . . . . .**** * * ~... . . . . . . " '' . . . . . . . . . -º,----- ~ : - • *- : * - - - * *****.*.*.*. .*.*.*... -- . . . . . . ---. , ,” - *::::::: *::s * * - . . . . • * , - - - - *iºd ..., ,-----ss. ..., ... ------------ ~~" . -- . . . . . . s - * - - $ 8 “. . . . ... * * * .. ... … • -- see-ºº-º-, ... . . .d- ~. . - - -* -: jºr------, ~. * *, *, * , - - **-ax. r ... ...,’ ”. * . . ºt, 3& * “ . . . . s. 2........ ** *-*... ... -º-º: --> , . - ... Tºrº. -->4......”. • . . . " --- £4 . •rºss; - *********'. ' ...sºs. *********.*.*., -- * - ...,’s.. . . . ** --- . . . . . & & 4 •' f : Jºãº-------. - . . . . tºº-- - , , * y º' 8.-----. . g : - ... * * . . . 3 ...: ; * * , . .” vi' '... . . . . - -- t * ' , , , ,-2tº a sº- * . - - t - - . * **. - “a r - * - * 8. . . . . ….' ' ' '...' ... < e < * , , 3 : - • {* -------. § , * - : *** ... . . . .” *ś-x. * . . . * * • * . . . . . . ; , ; *:: . ****"...-, . + . . . } * & - …,x** - t a # * , * ***, . • ... ." . . . * * .* -*** “...s.º.º. ****, , ,