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LOV CVTÁDIOV ń Túpavuis
Τάτρου έμε έκπωλεσαν.
Πολλο)
K
ECCLESIA ANGLICANA.
THE
HISTORY OF
King Charles
H:L: peso
Fahre

THE
REIGN
OF
King CHARLES
An HISTORY
Faithfully and Impartially delivered and diſpo-
ſed into ANNALS.
L'Estrange, Hamar
AVV)
LONDON,
Printed by E.C. for Edward Dod, and Henry Seile the younger,
and are to be ſold at the Gun in Ivie-lane, and over againſt
St. Dunſtans Church in Flees-freet, 1655.
DA
395
14.64

Diumenge
stervand
2.-19.40
54647
The Preface.
a
Hat oblique Defcants will come
traverſe upon this honeft Nar-
rative, I already prejudicate.
The fate of thoſe who write of
Times within ken, Times better
for the Hiſtory then for the Hiſtorian; for while
they render Truth more reſplendent, they uſu-
ally bring the Relater under a cloud. Whence
the bane of all faithfull Tradition, that an Hi-
ſtorian is rarely found, untill the Truth be lost
And what is Hiſtory without , its Idiome,
Truth, but a meer Romance? And if ſo, what
pen will undertake the Hiſtory of a King?
Kings in their Functions fo neer reſemble the
Divine Nature, as God himſelf hath ſtyled
them Gods. And as in many reſpects they re-
preſent it, ſo allo in that of Cyprian, though Epiß.
not in his ſenſe, De Deo etiam periculoſum est
dicere verum. Though as Men they are with-
in the incidence of frailty, (for as that Empe- antoninus Pin
rour ſaid, Imperium non tollit affectus, Sove- 'alimim
raignty doth not proſcribe bumane affe&tions)
yet their very failings have been in former
times accounted, like their Perſons, fo ſacred
that
A 2
PEB

Tbe Preface.
that to touch them, though never ſo tenderly,
hath been eſteemed Petty-Treaſon. But in
King Charles (the grand concernment of theſe
Annals) the Danger is counter changed, to
exhibit in him any thing of merit, or impor-
ting leſſe then a Nero or Domitian, many will
not endure. And theſe two extremes make
my
paſſage through this Hiſtory like that of fona-
+ Sam. 14.4. ibans to the Philiftims, Afharpe rock on the one
ſide and a ſarperock on the other ſide. Which
conſideration hath moved me to decline ma-
ny things, otherwayes remarkable, and not
commonly known, and to content my felf
with ſaving-truths. Nor ſhould I have ad-
ventured to have interpoſed a modeſt vindi-
cation of this King in ſome particulars, not
reflecting upon the fatall proceedings a-
gainſt him, had not the ingenuity of ſome
eminently diſ-affected to him, led me the
way.
But if in relation to theſe perils, I am
ſtudious to bear my ſelf erect, yet in other
concernments, fome will cenſure me for too
ſtrong a Bials.
Some will ſay I ſeem no friend to the
Clergy; and left my ſilence ſhould make this
an Accuſation, which is but a meer calumny;
I anſwer, Church men I honour, (no man
more) and this I do for their Sacred Orders
ſake. But if their Order be Sacred, it doth
not

The Preface
not (I wiſh it did) make all ſuch who are
initiated in that Order; too many of that
holy profeſſion are, ever were, and will be
Sacred in another and worſe fenſe. The un-
ſanctifyed lives of fome Officiating at the
Sacred Altar, have been the complaint of
all ages. Read we not to their ſhame of the
Sons of Ely, whoſe impiety made men abbor 1 Sam. 1. 37.
the offerings of the Lord? Doth not Chry-
ſostome tell us of ſome his contemporaries , wboardgamer
(bad Canonical Diſcipline been punctually ob-hundre ting
ſerved) ſhould not bave been permitted, love
much as to ſtep over the threſhold of Gods with any
bouſe, were notwithſtanding advanced to the desert
bigbeſt griſon of Church Dignities? And if d Sacerdot 1.3.
this Narrative preſents fome Eccleſiaſticks
too blame, the inference is fallacious, that
therefore our times are worſe then former,
or that the accrimination overſpreadeth all.
No, what St. Auguſtine ſaid upon the like
occaſion of ſome enormitans of his time, is
no leſſe true of ours, T bat though our Churcb Et fi contrifa
bad cauſe to grieve for the blemiſhes of ſome, sus purgamen-
yet might ſhe glory in the Ornaments of more. Frolan ur de plus
So few being then concerned in the litle is Aug. Epift
.
which may diſtaſt
, their diſguſt will be eaſier
digeſted, eſpecially conſidering that it can be
nothing elſe but neceſſary truth which offends
them, and ſo it muſt if I, or any other, will do
the devoir of an Hiſtorian. For Trutb to be
Parent

The Preface.
Parent of ill.will is no novelty, no not where
no ill-will is the Parent of that Truth, as in
this work of mine; for of thoſe whom it will
have the unhappineſſe to diſpleaſe, not a ſingle
unite can challenge me for any perſonall ma-
lice againſt himn; or juſtly fay, I have made Hi-
ſtory do the drudgery of mine own deſpight.
Nor perhaps will the Presbyterians eſteem
me altogether well-affected to them. A crime
the lefſe, becauſe almoſt epidemical and con-
tracted from their fo principally occaſioning
our late ſad diſtractions, yet have I ſo much
charity for them, as heartily to wiſh they may
read their errour in their puniſhment. For they
who were ſo inſtrumental towards the ruine of
their Superiour Order, have lived to feel the
reverberation of divine indignation by a con-
figuration of chaſtiſement upon their owne
Calling. So even and equall a decorum doth the
wiſdome of God obſerve in the Oeconomy,
and diſpenſation of his judgment.
Nor will all objections reflect upon my in-
clination, fome will alſo upon my Narrative,
and fault its Ortbography, which conſiſts in the
true repreſentation, not of Words, but
Tbings. I have conſtantly converſed in the vale
of rurall receſſe, far from the Court (the pro-
ſpect and vantage ground of obſervation) and
upon that very account, this poor infant,even
before it can ſpeak,before it comes to the birth
of|

The Preface
of edition, while it is
yet
in the womb of the
Preſſe, is already by ſome reprobated for errors
foreſeen. The beſt is this Objection was not
earlier contrived, then my Anſwer framed
Ocular obfervation of the Author is not
abſolutely neceſſary to the credibility of a
ſtory; for that were all at once, not to eclipſe
,
but totally to extinguſh the light of all Hiſto-
ries (Sacred only excepted) whatſoever, the
greateſt part whereof were Poſtſcript an age at
leaſt to the things recorded: and they who
wrote the memorials of their own times, as
Thucydides, Xenophon, Herodian and others,
who are the moſt accurate Reporters, inge-
nuouſly confeſſe, they as well derive ſome
things imoser
, upon truſt from others, as other
things they deliver upon their own credit .
To ſpeak therefore ad idem, cloſe, and
per-
tinent to mine own vindication, to ſatisfie the
impertinent curioſity of theſe enquirers, I
ſhall deſcend to theſe overtures. As to what
things are matters of Record, I confeſſe I have
not conſulted the very originals, but have con-
formed to Copies, but of fo neer extraction,
as they are but once removed from the foun-
tain it ſelf. In other affaires, my information
hath conſtantly reſulted from Perſons, not on-
ly preſent, but eminently, and ſome in Chief
commanding in the actions or principal inſtru-
ments in the Tranſactions. And as the greateſt
part

Tbe Preface.
part of this information did flow from one
ſingle hand, ſo (for the credit of my labour)
may I give this account of him, that he had as
certain and as ful intelligence of all emergencies
both forain and domeſtique, as any one in this
Nation:and as he was too judicious to receive,
ſo was he too honeſt to tranſmit a vain report;
whereby, confident I am, I ſtand ſecure againſt
any ſubſtantial fallhoods, and I hope againſt
circumſtantial alſo, eſpecially in point of Tem-
poralities, in aſſigning all both Things and Acti.
ons their proper times, no one of which I will
be bold to ſay is ſo in theſe Annals miſlaid, as
to ſuper-annuate, and not many to vary from
the
very day of their prime exiſtence. But if I
be detected to have mif-reported any thing,
light the errour where it will, my folace 'tis,
Flavius Van Nemo Hiſtoricus non aliquod mentitus, & ban
biturus ſum mendaciorum comites, quos Hiſto-
rice eloquentiæ miramur Authores; the beſt
Hiſtoriographers have done the like. And as I
had in this work no deſign beyond Truth, ſo
he that can form a truer Relation, let him.
THE

1
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R E IGN
? OF
KING CHARLES
K
Ing Charles was born November the 19th. Anno K. Charles his
Dom. 1600. at Dun fermling in Scotland, not Birth,
next in call to the Diadem. But the hand of
God countermanded natures diſpoſe, and by
taking away Henry his incomparable Bro-
ther, preſented Charles, not only the ſuccee-
ding, but the only Male-ſtud of Soveraignty.
The gallantry of Henry's heroique ſpirit ten-
ded ſomewhat to the diſadvantage and cxtenuation of Charles
his glory, who arriving at his years, and wanting nothing of his
Princely inſtitution, came yet fort of him in the acquiſt of re-
putation with the People. Henry of a forward, and enterpriſing;
Charles of a ſtudious, and retired ſpirit: whereof the blame may
in part be impuied to ſome organicall impotences in his body.
For in his ſtate of increment and growth, he was exceeding fee-
ble in his lower parts, his legs growing not erect, but repandous
and embowed, whereby he was unapt for exerciſes of activity.
Again, he was none of the gracefulleſt Orators, for his words
cam: difficulty from him, which rendred him indiſpoſed to
ſpeak much. But in the flux of time, and when he began to
look man in the face, thoſe tender limbs began ſo to conſolidate
and knit together, as the moſt cminently famed for exerciſes of
honour, were forced to yeeld him up the garland. And though
his vocall impediment accompanyed him till the fatall ſtroke, yet
was it to wile men an index of his wiſdome: therefore oblogay
never plaid the fool ſo much, as in imputing folly to him, fince
there was never, or very rarely, known a fool that ſtammered.
And for his intellectuals, he gave in the Spaniſh Court (where was
B.
his

2
The Reign of King Charles.
His journey
Ann. Chriſti his firſt initiation into renown) a very ſatisfactory account.
1625 His deſigne thither it's well known) was to ſeek a ſervice, and
make addreſs unto the Lady Infanta in the quality of a Wcoer ;
a buſineſſe which had complicated with it the hopes, that under the
into.Spain. conduct, and into the bargain of that March,' his Brother (the
Palſgrave) ſhould be poftlimineated and reſtored to his inheritance
of tlie Palatinate, (then detained from him by the Emperour and
Duke of Bavaria) and Count Gondamore the Spaniſh Ambaſſador
had partly promiſed as much. His reception into the Spanish
Court, was with all poſſible ceremonies of honour, and ſpecious
comply-ments: but he had rather have ſeen good faith in (15erpo,
then falfhood in the mantlings of thoſe fair reſpects. For the crat-
ty Spaniard would not admit the reſtitution of the Palatinate
into the fabrick of the Capitulation, no not by way of Paren-
theſis, but ſaid it ſhould be as a reſerve of gratuity to conferre
upon the King of Great Britain after the Nuptials conſummated.
And beſides, he ſpun out and protracted the procedure of the
affair to a length, tedious to the Prince, and ( as it happened)
deſtructive to the whole deſigne. For the tranſaction being com-
pleted to the very ſigning of the Articles on both parts, and the
obtaining a Diſpenſation from his Holineſs, and all things fit
for Contract and Eſpouſals, in the very nick of time (a ſtrange
traverſe of Providence ) dyes Pope Gregory, whoſe death put
all to a ſtand; for his Diſpenſation being now as null as himſelf,
a neceflity there was of foliciting Pope urban for another, which
negotiated to the beſt improvement of expedition, could not be
obtained on the ſuddain. And ( as if the reſcue had been by
confpiracie ) at that very time Diſpatches came from King Fames,
to ſummon the Prince Ipcedily home; who, glad of the occaſion,
communicates to Philip his Fathers call, and preſſed the neceſſity
of his obedience ſo cloſe, as his Catholick Majeſty could not in
civility deny him. Matters being in this wavering poſture, the
lazy Spaniard beſtirs him, and importunately moves on the other
ſide; that, ſince he might not diſoblige his Highneſs from obeying
his Fathers order, and that this unhappy remors could onely
amount to the loſſe of ſome few dayes, and ſeeing there remained
ſtill the ſame inclination of alliance on both parts, according to
the tenour of the Articles, he would be pleaſed to aſſigne in his
abſence ſome Proxy to contract with the Infanta after a new
Diſpenſation had from Rome. To whom the Prince returned
anſwer : That he would impower the Earl of Briſtol to give his
Majeſty all ſatisfaction in that particular ; which accordingly he
did. Nothing was now left to impcde his Highneſs return, but to
ceremoniate his diſmiſſion agreeable to his reception. And
(whatever the linings were ) certain it is, there was ſuch a fair
outſide of love, ſuch a ſeeming ſerenity of affairs, ſuch dear
accol-

The Reign of King Charles.
3
accollado's interchanged between Philip and his Highneſs, ac their Ann. Chriſti
valediction and parting, as eye ſcarce ever beheld the like. There 1625.
goes a report that the Spaniard had a deſign to have ſtaid him,
bur that he outſtript the Poſt ; which I leave, as I find it, dubious.
But certain it is, the Prince began to nauſcate the march, and to
meditate all honourable evaſions, and no ſooner was he
aboard the veſſell of his reduction, but he diſpatched a clande-
ſtine Agent to the Earl of Briſtoll with an expreſſe order, not to
yeeld up his Proxic, till further inſtructed from England. And
ſo he holted up fáil for his beloved Ithaca, and home; upon
whoſe proſperous arrival, being Octob. the 5. the Kingdomc fell
into lo generall a conflagration with bone-fires, as if the people
had meant to make an holocauft of it, ſuch an univerſal and epi-
demicall joy there was not only that Charles was returned fafe,
but that alſo without his lading: In truth they were ſo co-incident,
as the loyal hearted Engliſh could not diſtinguiſh between the Spa-
niſh match and Charles his ruine. Upon his firſt acceſſe to his
Fathers Courr, after many dear and cordial welcomes, he repre-
ſented to his Majeſty the ſtate of his Negotiation, who perceiving
upon the hole ſum, that the flie Spaniard practiſed to make an af-
ter.gamc of the Palatinate, and obſerving a generall diſguſt in the
hole Kingdome, by advice of his Privie Councel, diſpatcherh
Letters to the Earl of Briſtoll, enjoyning him poſitively to demand
reſtitution of the Palatinate, and that till he had abſolute ſatisfatti-
on therein, the Prosty ſhould not be delivered, nor any further
progreſle made in the Treaty. This unexpected propoſalí put his
Catholique majeſty into ſuch a dazling demur, as it was no diffi-
cult matter to preſage a finall rupture would enſue, which (after
the Treaty had lain languiſhing about five moneths) happened
by the ſolicitation of the Parliament, March, 24. 1623. The cſti-
mation his Highneffe got in this expedition of a ſolid and ſerious
Prince, was more then could be expected from his puiſre years
Nor was this the only ſervice that adventure did him, it gave Overtures of
him alſo a tranſitory view of that excellent Lady, whom the the French
ſupreme Moderator of all things had reſerved for him. For PA-
ris being obvious to him, and in his way to Spain, he delaid
there one day, where fortune entertained him with a light of the
Princeſſe Henretta Maria at a Court Maſque; this view hc ſtole
undiſcovered, through the benefit of a falle hair: I will not ſay
this caſualty was cauſal to the firſt deſign of ſoliciting that alli-
ance ; yet poſſible it is, that firſt ocular acquaintance with her per-
fon, might create ſomething of affection in him beyond neu-
trality; what occaſion it was firft ſtarted that Treaty, I know not,
but for certain there never was ſuch an harmony of univerſal
votes in any affair of that quality, between the two Crowns, as in
B 2
this.
of 23•

4
The Reign of King Charles.
as
z amiffe :
Ann. Chriſti this. For King James recommending it to the conſideration of
1625.
his Privie Councell, they extol both the relation and accommo-
dations of the match, affuring his Majeſty the project would
take paſſing well in an Aſſembly of the three Estates; whole
convention his Majeſty having before meditated in order to the
recovery of the Palatinate, he now fals upon reſolution, and if-
fueth ſummons for the Parliament to aſſemble : which being mct,
and the buſinefle propounded, it was entertained with an unani-
mous conſent, and a motion made, that an Ambaſſador ſhould be
ſent over to negotiate the Treaty. The King finding the Par-
liament ſo great zelots in this delign, he preſently iffueth out a
Commiſſion to the Earl of Holland to that intent. Who being
a moſt commodious and proper inſtrument for ſuch an employ-
ment, ſpecdily imbarques for France, where upon the prime over-
ture of his meſſage at the French Court, he found ſo ready and
fluent an inclination in King Lewes, as he was able to divine the
iffue before capitulation, whereof he carly tranſmitted advertiſe-
ment to his Maſter, who upon notice of it (for the greater ho-
nour of the correſpondence, and to expreſſe the exuberancy of
his devotion to the match) ſuperindueted the Earl of Carlile a
an additionall'Ambaſſador to the Earl of Holland. And from
France, Lewes (who diſdained to be wanting in any
dues of
compli-ment) diſpatcheth the Marqueſſe D'Effait for England.
Theſe noble inſtruments of State ply'd their inſtructions with
that diligence and fidelity, as the accord was full formed, No-
vemb, the 10. 1624. and Articles figned on both ſides, ſo as
France and England ſeemed now as one Continent, and all of a
piece. True it is there wanted a diſpenſation from the Biſhop of
Rome, whereof his Majeſty of France was then in purſuit.
King James
But in the interim of that delay, King Fames as if the con
ſummation of that match had been his confummatum eft) brake
up his ruinous houſe of clay, ſurrendring up at Theobalds his
ſoul to God, and his three Kingdomes to his Son, March 27.
It
dained to the bodies of extinct Princes, if I here repreſent in
brief the pourtraicture of this famous Monarch, which I will do
freely, linçerely, and with a ſpirit which equally diſdaines to libel
or to flatter him.
In the ſtilc of the Court he went for Great Britain's Solomon
nor is it any excurfion beyond the precin&s of verity to ſay,
that neither Britain nor any other, Kingdome whatſoever,
could ever, fince Solomon's daies, glory in a King, (for recondite
learning, and abſtruſe knowledge) To near a match to Solomon,
as He. And though he was an univerfall Scholar, yer did he make
other ſciences (their moſt proper imployment) but drudges
his Death.
enero 1625.
His Chara&er.
and

The Reign of King Charles.
5
and ſerviteurs to Divinity, wherein he became fo tranſcendently Ann. Chrifti
eminent, as he notoriouſly foyld the greateſt Clerks of the Ro- 1625.
man Sce. Nor did his Theological abilities more advantage the
cauſe of Religion abroad, then at home, they keeping the new
fangled-Clergic aloof, and at diſtance, as not daring to infuſe
into fofolid a judgement their upſtart and erroneous fancies, no
nor diſquiet the Churches peace with heterodox opinions. A
Itout adverſary he was to the Arminians and Semi-Pelagians,
whom he call’d, as Proſper before him, the enemies of Gods grace.
And as ſlender a friend to the Presbytery, of whoſe tyrannical and
Antimonarchical principles he had had from his cradle ſmart ex-
perience. He was an excellent ſpeaker, the ſcheme of his Ora-
tory being more ſtately, then pedantique, and the expreſſions
argu'd him both a King and Scholar. In his apparell and civil!
garb he ſeemed naturally to affect a majeſtique careleſneffc, which
was ſo hectique, ſo habitual in him, as even in religious exerciſes,
where the extern demeanour is a grand part of that ſacred ho-
mage, he was ſomewhat too incurious and irreverent. He was
indulgent a little to his palat, and had a ſmack of the Epicure.
In pecuniary diſpenfations to his Favourites he was exceſſive
liberal, yea though the exigence of his own wants pleaded re-
tention. Studious he was of Peace, ſomewhat overmuch for a
King, which many imputed to Pufillanimity; and for certain the
thought of war was very terrible to him: Whercof there needs no
further demonſtration then his manage of the cauſe of the Pa-
Latinate: for had he had the leaſt ſcintillation of animofity, or
majeſtick indignation, would he have ſo long endured his Son in
law exterminated from his Patrimony, while the Auſtrian fa-
ction (to his great diſhonour) cajold and kept him in deluſory
chat with ſpecious fallacies? Would he in thoſe ſeverall negotia-
tions of Carlile, Briſtow, Belfaſt, and Weſten, have trifed away
ſo vaſt ſums, the moity whereof, had they been diſpoſed in mi-
litary levies, would have modelled an Army able (when Hei-
delburgh, Manheim, and Frankindale defended themſelves) to
have totally diſſipated all the forces of the uſurpers, to have ma-
ſtered the imperious Eagle, enforcing her to forgoe her quarry,
and re-cſtated the Palex grave: Would he ſo thamefully have
courted the alliance of Spain to the very great regret of his fub-
jects, whom his Predeceſſor had ſo often baffled, and whom Eng-
land ever found a worſe friend, then enemy. What ſtronger evi-
dence can be given in of a wonderfall defect of courage ? As
this lipothymie, this faint-heartedneffe loft him the reputation
and reſpects of his people, fo his heavie preſſures upon them,
and undue levies by Privy-ſeals and the like, alienated their af-
fections, eſpecially conſidering how thoſe moneys were miſ-im-
ployed, indeed ratherrthrown away, partly in the two diſhonou-
rable

6
The Reign of King Charles.
Charles pro-
Ann. Chrifti rablc treaties of Spain and Germany, and the conſequential enter,
1625. tainments, and partly in largeſſes upon his Minion Buckingham.
Between this diſaffection and contempt in his people, there was
generated a general diſpoſition to turbulent and boyſtrous darings,
and expoftulations even againſt his darling Prerogative; And
though thoſe diſmall calamities which befel his ſon, were doubt-
leffe ampliated by a ſuperfctation of cauſes, yer was their firſt
and main exiſtency derivative from thoſe ſeminalities; Let
Court-pens extol the calmneſſe of his Halcyonian reign with all
artifice of Rhetorique, yet can they never deny but that admired
ſerenity had its ſet in a cloud, and that he left to his ſucceſſour
both an empty Purſe and Crown of thornes.
The death of this famous Monarch cauſed no other Interreg-
claimed "King. num then of Joy, his Son Charles being immediately by Sir Ed-
Ward Zouch (then Knight Marſhall) proclaimed at the Court gate,
King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland. His firſt act of Re-
gality was to diſpatch Aviſo's of his Fathers deceaſe to forein
Princes, and States his correſpondents, with whom he was in ami-
ty. Next he took into care the becoming obſequies of the Royal
Corps, which removed from Theobalds to Denmark houſe in
London, April the 23. was thence the 4. of May conveyed to Weſt-
minſter, and there in-hum'd, with the greateſt ſolemnities and
moft ſtarely ritualities could be deviſed.
Though grief had taken up the principal lodgings of K. Charles
his heart, yet did it not quite turn love out of doors, but he had
ſtill an eye to France, and held himſelf concern'd to let his Agents
know he was mindfull of the ſtock he had going there; and to
rear a firm aſſurance of his ſerious intentions, he fent over let-
ters of procuration for the Duke of Chevereux to eſpouſe the La-
dy Henrietta Maria: only he added this eſpecial pre-caution, that
thoſe Letters ſhould not be reſigned up untill May the 8. when
the celebrities of his Fathers Funerall would be over ; for he
would not that Grief and Joy (things incompatible ) ſhould juſtle.
Theſe inſtructions were preciſely obſerved, and on May 11. the
Eſpouſals ſolemnized in the Church of Notre-Dame at Paris ;
the Queen being given by her two Brothers, the King and Mon-
ſieur. Thc Nuptials paſt, his Majeſty thought long till he was
perſonally, as well as virtually, united to his beloved moiety, and
therefore diſpatcheth over the Duke of Buckingham, and the
Earl of Montgomery, with other perſonages of quality, both to
accelerate her transfretation, and wait upon her with the greater
ſplendour. May the 24. they arrived at Paris, and Fune the 2.
the Queen (after the iteration of moſt affectionate adieus, recipro-
cated and interchanged between the King and her ſelf ) ſet for-
ward for Amiens, where being attended with a moſt princely re-
tinue, ſhe was under the reſtraint of a magnificent entertainment,
till
French Alli-
ance conclu-
ded.

The Reign of King Charles.
7
ир:
till the 16. of that moneth; thence the diſlodged for Bulloign, Ann. Chriſti
where ſhe was to imbarque for England, (the contagion being 1625.
then much at Calais) there ſhe found ready to receive her, one
and twenty tall Ships ſent from her Deareſt, with a gallant Con-
voy of the Dutcheſſe of Buckingham and other Ladies of honour
and eminence to ſerve her. Fune 22. ſhe fet fail for England,
and landed ſafe at Dover after a turbulent and tempeſtuous paſ-
fage. His Majeſty lay that night at Canterbury, and next morning
with joy incredible greeted his royal Confort, and conducted
her to Canterbury, where the marriage was finally completed ;
the Duke of chevereux, his Majeſties former Repreſentative, con-
figning up his precious charge to the King. From Canterbury
bis now dual Majeſty took coach for White-hall, where the third
day after their arrivall, preſenting themſelves in their Royal
Thrones before the Nobles of the Realm, their Marriage was
declared with great exulrarions and rejoycings: but ſoon after
they were warned to depart; for London being then viſited and
emp:ſted with a fierce and furious contagion, it began to en-
large its quarters ſo far, as at length it ſeiſed even white-hall it
ſelf, which neceſſitated the King and Queen to remove to Ham-
pton Court.
Super
It doth, I know, render King Charles obnoxious to untoward A Reflex
and finiſter deſcants, that he commenced his reign with ſo in- on the Peſti-
auſpicious an omen, as that prodigious peſtilence; yet, ſetting
afide that mortality had now taken forth a larger Commiſſion,
what can be imputed more to him, then that he did Patrize?
Would the ſuggeſtors of that oblique conſtruction ſearch coun-
ter,little more then a ſcore of years, they might learn that King
Fames (who enjoyed the longeſt term of peace of any Britiſh
King ſince the Conqueſt) iniciared his government with, and
under the ſame calamity. Nay it is farther remarkable, that
theſe two plagues, that of the Father, this of the Son, were na-
cives both of one Pariſh (white Chappel) yea under the ſame
roof, and iſſued forth on the ſame day of the moneth, ſuch
correſpondence was there in their entrance, who were ſo diyer-
ſify'd in their exits.
To the former paragraph, and ſhort diſcourſe
, ypon the grand And upon the
Infection, give me leave to adde another, (and both within Hifto- Alliance.
rical coleration) by way of ſpeculation upon the French Alliance.
I have heard fome great pretenders to State-ațiology, and who
undertake to mate all events with their proper cauſes, paſſionately
aſcribe Englands calamities to thoſe internuptials, and fetch that
Hireful ſtroke of divine Juſtice upon his late Majeſty from his mar-
rying a Lady of mil-belief. Grant I do that both Englands and
his Majeſtics ſufferings may in ſome ſort be reductive to the
cauſality of that match, but that there was any intrinfique noxi-
ouſneffe

8
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti ouſneffe in it, either as French, or Popiſh, I am not yet convin-
1625. ced. As French, it could not morally operate any thing conſide-
rably deſtructive to us, in regard our correſpondence and com-
merce with thac nation was rarely lefle then during that alli-
ance. Again, certain it is, and I have partly proved it before,
chat the ſelf ſame ſpirit of conteſt (the main cauſe of our divi-
fions between regall Prerogative and popular Liberty (I had
almoſt ſaid Licentioufneſſe) was emergent long before that mar-
riage. Nor dare I affix direct and abſolute culpability to it, up
on the bare account of its being Popiſh meerly, which I can more
eaſily diſlikc, then juſtly blame. It is, I know, with much con-
fidence urged what S. Paul interdicted the Corinthians : Be
not unequally yoked. But that prohibition being derermined ex-
plicitly to Infidels, and perſons of another Religion, is impro-
perly apply'd to Papiſts, who hold the ſame fundamentals (the
Creed Apoftolical ) with us, and are in truth of the fame Re-
ligion, Chriſtian, with us; to thouſands of whom we dare not
think the advenue's of eternal bleſſedneſſe precluded; for
though there be many errors in the Church of Rome, which will
not admit of reconciliation ; yet are there many thouſand mem-
bers thereof whoſe incurioſity contented with ordinary and ſa-
ving truths, neglect the acquaintance of thoſe noxious myſte-
Careram tur- ries, and are in the ſafeſt plight by reaſon of their plain and ſim-
bam credendi ple belief. It cannot be denied, but unity and individuation of
tijimam facit. perſwalion in all points of ſacred truths, were to be wiſhed be-
Aug. Ep. Fun- tween married couples; yet notwithſtanding it is not of ſuch ab-
ſolute neceſſity to Matrimonial bonds, but (where other accom-
modations of congruity reſpond not) we are probably indulged
the choice of one of diffenting belief. And this was at this time
King Charles his caſe, for ſuch was the paucity of Proteſtant
Princes, as the hole tribe of Reformation was not able to furnish
and ſupply him with one ſingle march of agreeable birth and
fortune. But be the fin as great as malice it ſelf can with it;
yer can it not be truly ſtiled his; who, though he was moſt con-
cern’d, was leaſt converſant in the tranſaction of the buſineſſe ;
For, as I have already manifeſted, (before his adeption of the
crown) the affair had clearly proceeded beyond an honourable
retreat, being nor only commenced, but fully and finally made
up by his father with the unanim vore of Parliament. Sothar
to the obligation of his filial obedience, there was ſuperinducted
a decent complacence with the three Eſtates; the Principality of
the crime (if a crime it muſt be) being theirs, theirs was alſo
the greater condignity of the Block. But Divine vengeance iſſuing
oue no ſignal attachment againſt them, convinceth this idle ſug-
geſtion of ill contrivance, ſince nothing is more prepoſterous
then to puniſh the acceſſary, and diſcharge the prime offender.
The
dam. cap. 4.

The Reign of King Charles.
9
The ſame time while liis Majeſty was thus buryed in his amo- Ann. Chriſti
rous negotiation abroad, he ply'd as well his intereſt at home, and 1625.
while he woded his Royal Mitrefle chere, he made love to his
people here by ſummoning a Parliament: that league being not A Parliament
more important to him as Man, then this as King, for as man called.
is without a female confort, ſo is a King without his ſupreme
Councel, an half-form’d, ſterilthing; the natural extracts of the
one procreated without a wife, are not more ſpurious then the po-
litique deſcendants of the other without the coition of a Reprelen-
tative. The ſolemnity of this grand match was commenced at
Weſtminster, Fure the 18. At the firſt interview it appeared under
the ſcheme and fiſhion of a money Wedding, and in truth the
publick affairs did then implore no leſſe. Upon the opening of the And Afremr
Parliament, the King imparted his mind to the Lords and Com-
møns to this effect.
bled.
My Lords and Gentlemen,
You are not ignorant, that at your earneft The Kings
entreaty, March, 23. 1623. my Father (of
happy memory ) firſt took up armes for the reco-
very of the Palatinate, for which purpoſe by your
asſiſtance, he began to form a conſiderable Ar-
my, and to prepare a goodly Armado and Navie.
Royall. But death intervening between him and
tbe atchievement, the war with the Crown is de-
volved upon Me. To the proſecution whereof as
I am obliged both in Nature and Honour, ſo I
queſtion not but the ſame neceſſity continuing, you
will cheriſh the action with the like affection, and
further it with a ready contribution. True it is,
you furniſhed my Father with affe£tionate ſup-
Ply's, but they beld no ſymmetry or proportion
with the charge of ſo great an enterpriſe. For
thoſe your donatives are all disburſt to a penny,
C
and

ΙΟ
The Reign of King Charles.
ту
Ann, Chrifi and I am enforced to ſummon you hither to tell you,
1625.
that neither can the Army advance, nor the
Fleet ſet forth without further aide. Conſider,
I
pray you,
sbe eyes of all Europe are defixt
upon me, to whom I ſhall appear ridiculous, as
though I were unable to outgoe muſter and often-
tation, if you nom deſert me. Conſider it is
first attempt, wherein if I ſustain a foyl, it will
blemiſh all my future bonour. If mine cannot,
let your own reputation move you, deliver and
expedite me fairly out of this war, wherewith
you
bave encombred, let it never be ſaid,
wbereinto you bave betrayed me. I deſire tbere-
fore your ſpeedy Supply; Speedy I call it, for elſe it
will prove no ſupply. The Sun you know is entring
into his declining point, ſo it will be
ſoon too late to
ſet forth, when it will be rather not too ſoon to
return. Again, I must minde you of the mortali-
ty now regnant in this City, which ſhould it (as
ſo it may, and no breach of priviledge neither)
arreſt any one Member of either houſe, it would
ſoon put a period both to conſultation
and feffion,
ſo that your own periclitation neceffitates an ear-
ly reſolution. In ſum, Three of the beſt Rbe-
toritians, Honour, Opportunity, and Safety, are
all of a plot, and plead, you ſee, for expedition.
Perhaps it may be expected I ſhould ſay ſome-
thing in way of account of my Religion, as alſo
of the temper and tenour of my future Govern-
ment.

The Reign of King Charles.
ment. But as I hope I bave not been guilty of Ann. Chrifii
1625
any tbing which may juftly ſtart the leaſt queſti-
on in either, ſo I deſire you would repoſe in this
aſſurance, that I will in neither vary from thoſe
principles wherein I bave been inſtituted at the
feet of that eminent Gamaliel my late Fa-
ther.
3
His Speech being erded, the King vailed his Crown, a thing
rare in any of his predeceſſors.
Though deny'd it could not be, but this Speech was elemen-
ted of very rational materials, and ponderous arguments, yet
did it not cauſe ſuch a precipitation of reſolution, but that the
Parliament did deſcend to conſideration of it by degrees. That
which retarded the debate was this. They had in ſtore by them
two Petitions, one for Religion, the other againſt Grievances ; to
wlich, having been modela in King Fames his time, and prefer'd
to him atthe cloſe of the laſt Seſon of the laſt Parliament, they as
yet never received anſwer. They ſaid it was the ancient, and as they The Parlia-
conceived, a moſt prudentiall practice, to preſent Petitions at the ments Anſwer.
Commencement of Parliaments, or ſo long before their diffolution,
as the King might have time to return a full and deliberate anſwer
That the ſame courſe they were reſolved ſtrictly to purſue, and
give priority of diſpatch to thoſe Petitions, before any other buſi-
neſſe whatſoever; which accordingly they did. To the ſeverall
heads againſt grievances his Majeſty gave a diſtinct and ſatisfacto-
ry anſwer, and promiſed largely to the Petition for Religion:
and the better to draw on ſupplies, he did audit to them the
ſeverall disburſments, both relating to the Army and Navie, that
all jealouſies of miſ-imployment might be removed; which
produced ſo good effects, as the Laity gave him, freely and with-
out coudition, two subſidies from Proteſtants, and four from
Papifts, as a mul&t of the Houſe upon their Recuſancy, and the
Clergie three.
In this Seſſion of Parliament was Mr. Mountague queſtioned Mr. Mounta-
for publiſhing certain Books prejudiciall to the Proteſtant cauſe, gue queſtioned'
for which he was ordered to be brought to the bar, to whom
the Speaker declared the pleaſure of the Houſe, That they
would referre his cenſure to their next meeting, and in the
interim in reſpect of his notorious contempt, he ſhould ſtand
cnmmitted to the Serjeants Ward, entring Bail for his then ap-
pearance.
C 2
Buc

12
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
But Mr. Mountague had by the artifice of his Court friends cun-
1625. ningly crept into the Kings fervice undiſcerned, and the King
ſignifyed to the Parliament two days after, That he thought his
ſervants (whereof Mountague was one) might have as much
protection as the ſervant of an ordinary Burgelé. Nevertheleſſe
his bond of two thouſand pound whereupon he was tailed, continu-
ed uncancelled.
This Seſſion was alſo enacted a Law for puniſhing of divers
abuſes committed on the Lords-day called Sunday.
A Law enabling the Kings Majeſty to make Leaſes of Lands
parcel of his Highneſle Dutchy of Cornwall, or annexed to the
ſame.
A Law for the caſe in obtaining of Licenses of Alienation,
and in the pleading of Alienations with Licence, or of Pardox
of alienation without Licence, in the Court of Exchequer or
clſewhere.
A Law for the further reſtraint of tipling in Innes, Alehouſes and
other Victualling houſes.
An Act that this Seſſion of Parliament ſhall not determine by his
Majeſties royall afſent to theſe Acts.
There paſſed alſo in the Houſe of Commons a Bill of Tunnage
and Poundage, but becanſe it was limited to a year, whereas
former grants to his Majeſties predeceſſors were for term of life, it
was foundred in the Lords Houſe, and went no further; the cauſe
of this reſtraint was,
In the Parliament 18. of King Fames, the Kings Councell
culled out of that Ac reaſons for pretermitted Cuſtomes, and
other impoſitions, which were then charged upon, and grievan
ces to the Subject. Again, there had been lately ſet an immo-
derate rate upon thoſe Cuſtomes, and therefore they had in deſigne
to reduce them to the rate ſetled in Queen Maries dayes, but
they had not time enough ar preſent to make the Refor-
mation.
August the firſt the Parliament met again at Oxford, the
ment affembled Divinity Schoole was appointed for the Houſe of Commons,
at Oxford.
and the Galleries above for the Houſe of Lords. The fourth
of the ſame month both Houſes were called together to Chriſt-
Church-hall by the King, where he laid open to them his wants
for ſetting forth the Fleet. But the Parliament before they would
return his Majeſty any anſwer preſented him with a Petition againſt
Recufànts to this effect.
The Parlia
Moſt

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
13
Ann. Chriſti
Moſt Gratious Soveraign,
1625
Kolor
T being infallibly true that nothing can more eſtabliſh
your Throne, and aſſure the peace and proſperity of
your People, then the unity and fincerity of Religion ; We
your Majesties moſt humble and loyal Subječts and Com-
mens in this preſent Parliament aſſembled, obſerving that
of late there is an apparent miſchievous encreaſe of Pa-
piſts within your Dominions, hold our ſelves bound in
con/cience and duty to preſent the ſame unto your ſacred
Majeſty, together with the dangerous conſequences, and
what we conceive to be the most principal canſes, and
what may be the remedies thereof.
1. Their deſperate ends, being the ſubverſion both of
Church and State, and the reſtlefneſſe of their ſpirits to
attain thoſe ends. The Doctrine of their Teachers and
Leaders perſwading them, that therein they ſhall do God
good ſervice.
2. Their evident and ſtrict dependence upon fuch
forain Princes, as no way affe&t the good of your Majeſty
and tbis State.
3. An opening a way of Popularity to the ambition of
any who ſhall adventure to make himſelf head of ſo great
a party.
The principall cauſes of the increaſe of Papiſts.
1. The want of due execution of the Laws againſt Fefuites, ſemi-
nary Prieſts and Papifts Recufants, occafioned partly by connivence of
the State, partly by many abuſes of officers.
2. The interpoſing of forain Princes by their Ambaſſadors and
Agents in favons of them.
3. Their great concourſe to the city, and their frequent conventi-
cles and conferences there.
4. The education of their children in Houſes and Seminaries of
their Religion in forain parts, which of late have been greatly multi-
plyed and enlarged, for the entertainment of the Engliſh.
5. That in many places of this your Realm, your people are not
Sufficiently

14
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti Jufficiently instructed in the knowledge of true Religion.
1625.
6. The licentious publiſhing of Popiſh and ſeditious Books.
7. The imployment of menill affected in Religion in places of Go-
vernment, who countenance the Popiſh party.
The Remedies be there:
4
1. That there be great care taken in choiſe, and admitting
Schoolmaſters, and that the Ordinaries: make diligent inquiries
of their demeanours, and proceed to the removing of ſuch as ſhall
be faulty.
2. That the ancient Diſcipline of the Univerſity be reſtored, being
the famous nurſery of literature.
3. That for the propagation of the Goſpel, ſuch able Miniſters, as
have been formerly filenced, may by fair entreaty of the Biſhops be
reduced to the ſervice of the Church, and that Non-reſidency, Plura.
lities and Commendumis may be moderated.
That a ſtraight proviſion may be made againſt tranſporting of
Engliſh childrento Popiſh Seminaries beyond Seas, and for recalling
ſuch as are there already.
5. That no Popiſh Recufant be permitted to come within the Court,
anleße upon ſpeciall occaſion, agreeable to the Statute 30 Facobi.
6. That all Jeſuites, Prieſts, and others having taken orders from
the See of Rome, may be baniſhed by Proclamation, and in caſe
of diſobedience may be proceeded againſt according to the Laws of the
Land.
7. That none by any authority derived from the See of Rome be
permitted to confer Orders, or exerciſe any Eccleſiaſticall function
within your Majeſties Dominions.
8. That all former grants of Recuſants lands made to the uſe and
intereſt of ſuch Recuſants, may by the advice of your Majesties Coun-
cell be voided.
9. That all Recuſants may be excommunicated, and not abfolved
but upon conformity.
10. That all Recuſants be removed from places of authority and
government.
11. That all Recuſants be diſarmed according to the provifion of
the Law,
12. That they may be all confin'd to remain at their country habi-
tations, and not to travell above five miles from thence.
13. That none of your Majeſties natural born ſubjects be ſuffered to
repair to the hearing of Maſſes, or other ſuperſtitious Service at the
Chappels or houſes of forain Ambaſſadors or elſewhere.
14. That all such infolencies as any Popiſhly affected have late-
ly committed to the diſhonour of our Religion, be exemplarily pu-
wiſhed.
15. Thail

The Reign of King Charles.
15
15. That the penalty of 12 d. every Sunday for default of coming An. Chriſti
to Divine Service in the church, without lawfull excuſe, may be put 1625.
in execution.
Laſtly, that your Majeſty would be pleaſed to order that shelike
courſes may be taken in Ireland, for the establiſhing of true Reli-
gion there.
more.
To all theſe ſeverall branches the King return'd Auguſt 7. an The Kings
anſwer ſo plauſible and ſatisfactory, as nothing could be deſired Anſwer.
One good turn requires another, and as the King had given
the Parliament ample content by this anſwer : ſo he hoped they
would be as cheerfull in fupplying him with moneys, for which
he earneſtly importuned them, and eſpecially for his great Naval
preparation. Whereupon enſued a great debate in the Houſe, fome
were very prompt to give, ſome would give, but in convenient
time, not then: Some would give, but they complained that the
deſign was managed by Young and Single Councell, that Sir Robert
Maxfel a man of judgement and experience, had declared againſt
the plot, and had tendred the Councell of War a project of
greater advantage and leſſe expence, which was approved by the
Lord of Chicheſter ; To which the Solicitor replyed in the Dukes
behalf, that the Councel of War, for the generalicy, much
diſliked the project of Sir Robert, and concluded upon what was
then intended. But the greater part agreed not to give, and to
make an humble Remonſtrance, declaring the cauſes and reaſons of
their not giving. Moſt of the voters of this Remonſtrance, Acw
high and impetuouſly preſt in upon the Duke, ſome would deýcſt
him of his cffices, the Admiralty
eſpecially, others of his Revenue,
by reſuming what he pofleſt of the Crown demeanes, others de-
manded an account of what publick monies he had been entruſted
with. This being ſignify'd to the King, he ſoon prognoſticated
of what quality the Remonſtrance would prove, therefore in
diftaſt he determined to diffolve the Parliament. The Houſe of
Commons were reſolved into a Grand Committee, when the
Uſher came from the Lords houſe with that meſſage, and before
they would permit the Solicitor, then in the chair, to leave his
ſeat, they agreed upon a Proteſtation, which Mr. Glarvile ſtood up
and declared to this effect :
Firſt, To give his Majeſty thanks for
his gratious aniwer to our Petition for Re-
ligion.
Next,

16
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti Next, For his Care of our healths, in
1625.
giving us leave to depart this dangerous
time.
Laſtly, A dutifull declaration of our af-
maize fection, and loyalty, and purpoſeto ſupply his
Majeſty in a Parliamentary way, in a fitting
and convenient time.
The Parlia-
the united
Provinces.
This being done the Speaker took the Chair, and admitting the
inent diſſolved. Uſher he delivered his meſſage from the Lords concerning the
diſſolution of the Parliamenr.
The diffolution of the Parliament gave the King an otium for
his Summers paſtime, and, that his own progreffe might not
impede That of his affairs, his Councel were his Synodites, and
went along with him ; by whoſe generall advice two things
Treaty with were moſt conſiderably refolved upon : Firſt, that the Fleet ſhould
Speedily put out to ſea. Secondly, that a more ſtraight amity ſhould
be entred into with with the States of the united Provinces : who re-
ſorting to the King in September by their Ambaffadors, prayed his
conjunction with them in a league offenſive and Defenſive
againſt their common enemies, the Emperor and King of Spain;
and not only ſo, but that he would alſo aflift them in ſoliciting
other Princes to aſſociare with them in a confederation of equall
latitude. To which our King freely condeſcended (upon agree-
ment that the States ſhould bear a fourth part of the charge of the
Fleet) and in purſuance thereof ſent in October next the Duke of
Buckingham and the Earl of Holland over to the Hague, both to
confer with the Ambaſſadors of other Princes about it, and to put
his diſconſolare ſiſter in fome hopts of her reſtitution to the Palati-
neté. But theſe two being arrived in Holland, found the Agents of
France & Denmark not impowered to fo large a conceſſion,alleads-
ing that their Maſters condition was indiſpoſed to ſo ample a com-
pliance; whereupon for the better ſatisfaction of, and accommo-
dation to all parties, the League was concluded in theſe words
For the reſtoring the Liberties of Germany.
This negotiation having taken up ſomewhat more then a montki,
celic of Gades home returns the Duke and Earl, where they abode not long, before
they were faluted with the current newes ofthe mil-fortune of Vi-
count Wimbletoni Fleet at Gades, ot yswlas 21 Osro
October the eight the Admiral put forth to Sea, and on the twelfth
was encountred with ſo furious a ſtorm, that in conflict and skirmiſh
with it, all his long-boats and the Long-Robert of Ipſwich, a Ship
wherein
Theill fuce

The Reign of King Charles.
17
wherein were a hundred ſeventy five perſons periſhed, and the reſt | Ann, Chriſti
were ſo diffipated and ſcattered, that for ſeven daies, fifty of the 1625.
Engliſh Navy, being in all but eighty, were miſſing. Again, when
they met together in the height of the Southern Cape, and
had a deſire to make ſome local onſet, a Councell of war being
cald to reſolve where the accompt ſhould be firſt made (their
Commiſſion leaving them at that liberty) the debate was ſo
long, as in the interim their diſcovery alarum'd the next coaſt
to a poſture of defence. At length the Councell determined
an aſſault upon the Ships in the Bay of Gades, a deſign much ur-
ged by the Earl of Eßex Vice-Admiral, who eagerly deſired there
to play over his game of honour again, double or quit with the
Spaniards. But that Fleet lay in a harbour inaccelīble, unleſſe
the Fort belonging to Puntal Caſtle could be cleared; therefore
order was given, That twenty Engliſh and five Dutch ships ſhould
advance for that ſervice. But the ſlender reputation the Adini-
ral had amongſt the Mariners (as one ignorant in Sea affairs, and
a deep diſguſt they took that he ſhould be obtruded and thruſt
upon them in ſtead of Sir Robert Manſel, a gentleman peculiarly
qualifyed for and long traded in Sea exploits, and who had an
unqueſtionable right to the chief conduct of this enterpriſe up-
on the Dukes default ) ſo leſſen'd the influence of the authority,
that the five Dutch only attended their dury, not a man of the
other twenty ftirring: which cauſed the Admiral from ſhip to
ſhip perſonally to re-inforce his command, untill with much adoe
he obtained their advance and engagement againſt the Caſtle ;
which, contrary to expectation, entertained the ſhock with ſo
fturdy a defiance, as neer two thouſand great ſhot put it not to
the detriment of one ſtone. Whereupon the Admiral conclu-
ding it that way impregnable, decreed to try it by a Land-
force; to which end Sir Fohn Burroughs (a Gentleman of emi-
nent gallantry in Martiall feats) was ſent with a Regiment of
Foot to manage that deſign; He going upon the ſervice, met
with ſome Horſe and Foot of the enemies intending to impede
his march, but he welcomed them with ſuch a ſtorm of courage,
that the Captain Governour of the Caſtle viewing the tergi-
verſation and flight of his party, began to diſlike the ſituation
of his ſtrength, and hang out a white fag, whereupon a parly
enſued, and a reſignation upon tha: Parly. The Fort with fifteen
barrels of Powder, and eight pieces of Ordinance being now ours,
the ihips were conſequently in the generall expectation adjudged
us: therefore inſtructions were iſſued out for the firing of them,
and Sir Samuel Argall was appointed to be the incendiary. And
in the interim the Field-men were directed to land for their re-
creation, to take in freſh-water, to forrage the Country, and
to keep the ſtronger guard: but no ſooner were they on ſhore,
D
then

18
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti then they diſcovered the cellars plentifully ſtock’t with wine,
1625.
whereof they carouſed fo liberally (every one being his own
Vintner) in deſpite of more ſober commands to the contrary
as put them upon the hazard of a diſmall reckoning for had
the Spaniard known his advantage, he might have made a lamen-
table butchery amongſt them, being worſe fitted for flight then
reſiſtance, and the more diſabled from running who were not
able to ſtand. The Admirall finding the ſouldiers thus in-
fufferably diſordered, and perceiving that to ſtay longer were
bootleſſe , reſolved to put to Sea again, and the rather by rea-
fon the Plate-Fleet from the Weſt-Indies was now expected every
day. But firſt he ſent to Sir Samuel Argal to know what exe-
cution he had done, who returned anſwer, that their purpoſe was
defeated by the enemies drawing up their beſt ſhips to Port Royal.
and finking others in the Channel, thereby to obitruct the adve-
nue. Matters ſucceeding thus ill, the Admirall re-imbarques all
and hoyſing up fayl plies for the Southward Cape, there inten-
ding to wait twenty dayes for the Plate-Fleet, hoping to at-
chieve ſomething againſt it, which might be adæquate to, and
make even with the generall expectation at home: but he was
in no capacity to performe any thing confiderable againſt an ene-
my, unleſſe by communication of his own calamity, for the conta-
gion ſo reigned in his Navie, that there were nor hail men cnow
to handle the fails; and to make the affliction more ſociable, there
being a hundred and fifty fick in the S. George, the Councel orde-
red (an odde method of cure) that every ſhip ſhould take to nurſe
a couple of the fick, and ſubſortitiouſly, by lor, to ſupply their
places with as many found. This courſe ſo propagated the infecti-
on, that it ſoon ſwept thouſands over-board. This calamity took
away the Admirals ftomach to the Plate-fleet ( which paſſed by
within four dayes after) and enforced him to ply home with all the
ſpeed he could; but his motion was ſo retarded, that the newes
of his miſcarriage much outwent him, and while every man ſtood
gaping after the iſſue of the expedition, fame flew into his mouth,
and fill'd it with the report of what a bad market of reputation the
Engliſh came to
Deſcants upon
Severall were the Deſcants of ſuch as pretended to judicious
it.
cenfure, as fancy or affe&tion fwayed the ballance ; fome blamed
the Parliament for not ſupplying the Kings neceſſities, whereby
the Fleet put forth too late, October being alwayes accounted with
us a month formidable to Navigation, in regard of the uſuall
tempeſtuouſneſſe of the ſeaſon, known under the notion of Micha
elmas flap. Some reflected finifterly upon the Duke, ſaying, It
never either was or will be well with England, while the sea is under
the command of an Admirall ſo young, and withall
ſo inexperienced.
Others alſo made deductions from this miſcarriage in reference to
thc

The Reign of King Charles.
19
ned to Red-
the King, that becauſe commencements do often forſpeak the qua- | An. Chriſti
lification of future contingencies in the ſeries and row of ſucceeding 1625.
affairs, they much feared this was but the earneſt of ſome inauſpi-
ciouſneſſe which would attend the reſidue of his reign. Nora-
mongſt the reſt was Captain Brets conjecture vain, who told the
Duke, That the Fleet was never like to ſpeed better, wherein there
went along, Bag without money, cook without meat, and Love with-
out charity ; ſo were the three Captains named; and a great default
there was, doubtleffe, of ſufficient pay, of holeſome mcar, and una-
nimity.
The reſult of this undertaking (for action I cannot call it) affor-
ding no better income of honour to us, I have abbreviated to as nar-
row a ſcantling as I could ; for Fournals muſt not intrude into Hi-
ſtory,but where every day exbibiteth ſomething remarkable,whoſe
concealment may ſeem injurious to the narrative, or fraudulent to
che merit of the exploit.
The Michaelmas Term was, by reaſon of the infection at Lon. Term ad jour-
don, tranſlated to Redding, from whence the King, according to
ding.
his late anſwer in Parliament, iſſued out in November, a Commis-
Sion to the Judges to ſee the Lawes againſt Recufants put in exe-
cution.
November the eleventh, his Majeſty minding what he promiſed Proclamation
at Oxford, ordered a Commiſſion to be ſent out under the Great againſt Recu-
Sanis,
Seal, for putting in exccution Lawes enacted againſt Recufants.
This Commiſſion was read in all the Courts of Judicature at
Redding, and withall a Letter was directed to the Archbiſhop of
Canterbury, enjoyning him to take ſpecial care within his Province
for the diſcovery of Feſuites, Seminary Prieſts and other Recufants,
offenders againſt the Luwes. It was in truth high time for ſevere
proceedings againſt them, they having contracted ſo much info-
lence, preſuming protection by reaſon of the late match, that at The Papiſts
Wincheſter, and many other places, they frequently paſſed infolent
.
through the Churches in time of Divine Service, houting and
ho-lo-ing, not only to the diſturbance of that dury, but fcorn of
our Religion ; yea and one Popiſh Lord when the King was
at Chappell, was heard to prate on purpoſe lowder in a Gallery
adjoyning, then the chaplain prayed, whereat the King was
fo moved, that he ſent this meſſage to him, Either let him
come and doe as we doe, or elſe I will make him prate fur-
ther off
In the beginning of the next year mighty preparation
was made both here and in Scotland, for the re-inforcing of
Navall ſtrength. Nor was the Land-Militia left unregarded, but
becauſe the Country Captains of the Train-bands were (for the
generality) very unskilfull and rude in the uſe of their Armes, an
hundred
D2

20
The Reign of King Charles.
Crowned.
Arens Chrifti hundred and fifty Veteran Souldiers were ſent for out of the Low-
1625.
countries to drill
and diſcipline them.
The malignancy of the air, having lain under the corrc&ion
of a nipping and "froſty winter, began to contract a more falu-
brious temper, whereby the plague decreaſing, the King ſecure
of ſafety, began to meditarc magnificence, and matters of pub-
lick concernment. And the firſt thing reſolved upon was, his
folemn initiation into Regality, and ſetting the Crown upon his
head: a thing practiſed by the wiſeft Monarchs, as wherein they
cánnot be idle to better purpoſe. For though it conferreth no one
dram of ſolid and reall grandure to the throne ; yet ceremoniared,
as it is, with ſuch formalities, it repreſenteth it ſelf a ſerious vanity
For as the King enters recognizance and ſtipulateth with the people
to govern according to Law, ſo they unanimcuſly acclaim him
their King, all ſurable to the ancient mode of conveying Sove-
raignty.
The King
The day appointed for this ceremony was Feb. the 2d. The
King, whether more provident for his perſon (which ſo great a
concourfe might endanger) or purſe, uncertain, rode not to West-
minfter through the City after the ancient faſhion, but went prívate-
ly by water: this deſign was a frugall one, and ſaved him fixty
thouſand pound which ſhould otherwiſe have been disburſed in
Scarlet for his crain; and little was the day leffe glorious for the
No-rubrique of ſolemnity, conſidering it wanted it not in the Car
lendar. Two things were of fingular remarque in the order of
this celebrity. Firſt
, that whereas it did peculiarly belong, ex of.
ficio, to the Dean of Weſtminſter, to powre the facred oyle upon
the Kings head, Dr. Williams that Dean, and Biſhop of Lincoln,
was put by, and Dr. Laud, Biſhop of Bath and Wells, ordered to
officiate in his ſtead. Secondly, That ſome words in a Prayer,
which had been omitted ever ſince Henry the 6. his time, were re-
Oblineat grati- ſumed and uſed to this effect; Let him obtain favorer for the
am huic Popu- people like Aaron in the Tabernacle, Eliſha in the waters, Zacha-
lo ficut daror rias in the Temple, give him Peters key of Diſcipline, Pauls Do.
Elizeus in Au-'ctrine. Other variation then this, there was none; nor was this
vio, Zacharias variation the ſolitary act of Laud alone, buc of a Committee:
in Templo. Sit
Petrus in clave,
this I poſitively affert, as minding the reformation of a vulgar
Paulus in dog-'error thrown abroad in looſe pamphlets, that Biſhop Land altered
the Coronation Oath; whereas the Oath it ſelf was preciſely the
fame with former precedents.
The Coronation being paſt, the King prepareth for a Parlia
ment now approaching. The laſt was ſomewhat (he thought
uncivil towards the Duke, and the (ſo thought) Delinquents mult
be made examples ; upon this account the Lord Keeper Willi-
Keeper dif-
ams fell, and his place was diſpoſed of to Sir Thomas Coventry:
{placed
his miſchief was not grear, his cancellier, his fall being only from
the
mare.
To
A Parliament
called.
Williams L.

The Reign of King Charles.
21
Ao Norbitreys
the firſt loft; for though he parted from the Great Seal, he An. Chriſti
kept the Lawn Sleeves and though he left the Purſe behinde 1625.
him, he went away with the Money : having feathered his neſt pret-
ty well
, and apprchending his condition to be ſomewhat cottering,
he made all the means he could to re-ingratiate himſelf with the
Duke, but nothing could prevail, nor would the Duke be exo-
rated, no not by the interceffion of the Counteffe his mother, who
loved the Biſhop (if fame belies her not) better then was fit;
but it was not enough to pluck his feathers, unleſſe his nailes
were pared alſo. For being a Bifhop, and conſequently a Mem-
ber of the Houſe of Peers, he was ſtill able to appear an emi-
nent oppoſer of the Dukes, and to do him ſome conſiderable
miſchiet, therefore the beſt expedient for the Dukes fecurity, was
to interdict him with the Earls of Somerſet, Middleſex, Briſtow,
(all of an inclination, though not all of a plume) the Parliament
Houſe.
On the 6. of this February the Parliament met, the Commons bc- The Parlia-
gan their work where they laſt broke offar Oxford, making Reli- ment meet,
gion their firſt, which was their ſuperlative care, and recollecting
what a full and ſatisfactory anſwer the King gave to their Petition
againſt Recufants, and his Commiffion iffucd
out in purſuance of
that anſwer, appointed a Committee for Religion, impow'ring
them ftrictly to examine what abuſes of his Majeſties Grace had
occurr’d ſince that time, who were the authors and abetters of
thoſe abuſes.
to Mean while the Lords thad formed an addreſſe to the
King concerning a grievance to their own Order, repreſented from the
chus:
To the Kings moft Excellent Majeſty.cz
Monteli to hod Ramas vilas Mano totalanes
In all humilivy, model to
Hewetb unto your moft Excellent Majeſty your ever
loyall ſubjects the Lords Spiritual and Temporal nom
in Parliament aſembled ; quban sa baisse der har
That, whereas the Peers and Nobility of this your
Kingdom of England have beretofore in civility yeelded,
as
, te ftranger, precedency according to their ſeveral de
grees ante fuel Nobles of Scotland and Ireland, as being dinner
mtitles above them, barve reforted bit her!
borbonne
the
OM OSNO
reſident bere with tbeir Families, and has
Buiw
ving
۔ بر الوريد كمال
eito
A Petition
Lords.
Kingdomas

22
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti vingtheir chief Eſtates among us ; do by reaſon of ſome
1625. late created dignities, in thoſe Kingdomes of Scot-
land and Ireland, claim precedency of the Peers of
this Realm, which teads both to the dif-ſervice of
your Majeſty and theſe Realms, and to the great difpa-
ragement of the Engliſh Nobility, as by theſe reaſons
may appear.
1. It is a novelty without precedent, that men ſhould
inberit horours where they poseffe nothing elſe.
2. It is injurious to thoſe Countries from whence their
Titles are derived, that any ſhould bave Vote in Parlia-
ment, where they have not a foot of land.
3. It is a grievance to the Country where they inha-
bit, that men pofleffing very large fortunes and Eſtates,
Rould by reaſon of forain titles, be exempted from
thoſe ſervices of trust and charge, which through their
default, become greater preſſures upon others who bear
.
nicht
4. It is a ſhame to Nobility, that perfons dignified
with the Titles of Barons, Vicounts, &c. fbould be ob-
noxious and expoſed to arreſt, they being in the view of
the Law no more then meer Plebeians.
We therefore humbly beſeech your Majeſty, that you
be pleaſed, according to the example of the beſt Princes,
and Times, upon conſideration of theſe inconveniences rea
preſented to your Majeſty by the nearest body of Honour
to your Majeſty, that ſome courſe may be taken, and an
Order timely ſetled therein by your Princely wiſdome, jo
as the inconvenience to your Majeſty may be prevented,
and the prejudice and diſparagement of the Peers and
Nobility of this Kingdome may be redreſſed. se vad
wa ścis så stoloistud sand brele po wodagar),
Soon after the preſenting of this Petition (to which the. King
Arundel confi-l reply'd, He would take order i herein)the Earl of Arundel was com,
mitted to the Tower. The cauſe was a marriage conſummate be-
tween his ſon the Lord Maltravers, and the eldeſt daughter of
the late Duke of Lenox, whom the King (being Guardian to
them both) had ſo far deſigned to, as he had concluded the match
with!
The Earl of
ned.

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
23
with the Earl of Argiles Heir, the Lord of Lorn, (who was Ann. Chriſti
brought up in England in the Proteſtant Religion) medicating 1625.
thereby a reconciliation of thoſe two families, who had for many
years been at deadly feud. The Earl asked his Majeſties pardon,
proteſting himſelf no way privie to the plot, and that it was acted
between the Dutchelle of Lenox and his own Counteße in a clan-
deftine way.
blod in
But this commitment of the Earl preſently moved the houſe of
Peers to exhibit another Petition, repreſenting therein to the King
that it is their undoubted right [That no Peer, fitting in-Parlia-
ment, is to be impriſoned without order from the Houſe of Peers,
unleſſe it be for Treaſon, Felony, or refuſing to give ſecurity for the
Peace. ] They had the more reaſon to urge their priviledge at this
time, becauſe the Earl had deputed to him fix Proxies, which
would be of no validity during his reſtraint. Upon this Petition a
greavedebate aroſe between the King and Lords about the Privi-
ledge of their Houſe, which laſted from March 14. untill Fune
the 8. V see
During theſe thingsthe Houſe of Commons acted little, being
in expectation of ſome diſcovery from their Committee, from
whom Mr. Pim at length made a report of a letter written to the
Lord Mayor of York, for reprieving fome Feſwites, Priefts and other
Recufants. This Letter being under the Signet, a Sub-Committee
was ordered to ſearch the Signet Office, and compare it with the
Originall.
Theſe proceedings inwardly much diſpleaſed the King, The King de
yet he ſmothered the indignity for a time, though he after mands ſupply.
inventory'd it to them amongſt his other regrets. And
plying his more important affairs with a moft ſtedy temper ,
he fent a meſſage to them by Sir Richard Weſton to this
effect.
That bis Fleet is returned, and their victuals ſpent, the
men muſt of neceſſity be diſcharged and their wages paid
them, or elſe mutiny will follow, which may be of dangea
rous conſequence.
That be bath in readineſſe about forty ſhips to be ſet
forth upon a ſecond ſervice, which want a preſent ſupply
of moneys.
That the Armies quartered on the coaſts, want
vi&tuals and cloathes, and they will disband if not
furniſhed.
The Companies of Ireland lately fent, muſt ſpee-
dily

24
Charles
The Reign of King
Dr. Turner
their bold
Ann. Cbröfti dily be provided for, elſe they may be subject to
1625. rebell.
.
orgata
Laſtly, the ſeaſon for providing healthfull vi&tuall
will be paſt, if this moneth of March be ſuffered negli.
gently to elapſe. bre
And therefore he deſired to know, without more adoe,
what preſent Supply he muft depend upon from them that
accordingly he might ſbape his courſe. Bila hos
so
Mr.Coke and In ſtead of a ſupply to his meſſage Mr. Clement Coke (ſon to
Sir Edward Coke) a Member of the Houſe of Commons, let fly this
Speech, reply. It is better to dye by a forein enemie, then to be deſtroyed at
home. And as if the Prerogative had not been ſufficiently alarum'd
by that expreſſion, one Turner a Doctor of Phyſick, reaſſaults it in
theſe fix Queries.
1. Whether the King hath not loſt the Regality of the narrow Seas,
ſince the Duke became Admiral ?
2. Whether his not going as Admiral in this laſt Flees, was not the
cauſe of the ill fucceße: 20
3. Whether the Kings revenue hath not been impaired through his
immenſe liberality ?
24. Wbether he hath not ingroſſed all offices, and preferred his
kindred to unfit places :
5. Whether he hath not made ſale of places of Fudicature :
6. Whether Recufants have not dependence upon his Mother and
Father-in-law ?
The King re-
This was uncouth language to a Princes cars, but who can ex-
quires ſatisfa- pect that in ſo vaſt a body, and maffe of men, all parcels ſhould
take ſalt alike, and that no part ſhould have rancidity in it? And
perhaps this clamor and noiſe might be thc rudencffe of ſome
few new admitted into that great School of wiſdome, the greater
part continuing (it's poffible) fincere, and loyal; therefore the
King ſends Sir Richard Weſton to them requirinig ſatisfaction. But
the Houſe was flower in the work, then was agreeable to his
Majeſties minde, ſo intent upon ſome ſevere proceedings againſt
them: upon this he called the Lords and them together, and
by the Lord Keeper, bis proper Speaker, thus conveyes his diſplea-
Keeper. ſure to them.
His Speech
“My Lords and you the Knights, Citizens and
< Burgeſſes of the Houſe of Commons, His Majeſties
« command hath ſummoned you hither, and the
“ fame command hath put me upon the ſervice of
"fig.
&ion,
By the Lord

The Reign of King Charles.
25
G
C.
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6
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6
c
ſignifying his will to you. His will was that both Ann. Chrifti
Houſes ſhould be called together ; you, my Lords,
1626.
as witneſſes of the juſtice of his reſolutions, and
6 of this addreſſe to the Houſe of Commons.
· His Majeſty would have you know, chere ne-
ver was King who better loved his people, or
was more fincerely affe&ed towards the right ule
of Parliaments, or more ready to redreſſe what ſhall
be repreſented unto him in the quality of grie-
vance, provided it be in a regular and decent way,
( then Himſelf: but he would alſo have you know,
that, as he loves his People, ſo he regards his Ho
nour, and if he be ſenſible of his Subjects grievan-
ces, of his own he is much more, elpecially when
they flow from offences of ſuch a nature, as not
only blaft his reputation, but impede the pro-
greſſe of his weighty affairs. To come to par-
€ ticulars.
His Majeſty faith, that, whereas Mr. Coke ſpake
very feditious words in your houſe, he was fo far
from being queſtioned or cenſured for them by
' you, as Do&or Turner (animated with the fame
fpirit) made them his introdu&tion to certain Ar-
ticles of inquiry of as unfavoury a condition, pres
tended againſt the Duke, but in truth libelling his
Majeſties Government. And though his Majeſty
did not only by Sir Richard Weſton, but in his
' own perſon declare his juft difpleaſure, and de-
(manded juſtice againſt thoſe exorbitants, yet have
you not only halted in your obedience to him,
.but have followed the very ſteps of Dodor Tur-
ner, and upon falſe-bottom'd fuggeſtions ende-
voured to diftain his Own and Fathers bo-
C
C
5
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6
©
nour.
• He alſo complaineth that you have taken upon
you to ſearch his Signet Office, and to examine
E
e
the

26
The Reign of King Charles.
6
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<
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6
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5
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6
Ann. Chriſti“ the Letters of his Secretary of State, leaving him
1626.
nothing free from their diſcovery : a thing not
" formerly pra&i fed.
* As concerning the Duke, whom you ſeem to
perſecute with ſuch aſperity of diſguſt, Ian alſo
commanded to tell you, that his Majeſty knowes
(none better) he acted nothing of publique im
ployment, without bis ſpeciall Warrant; that he
hath diſcharged his truſt with abundant both care
and fidelity; that he merited that truſt both from
his now Majeſty and his late Facher, by his per-
fonal hazard both at home and abroad; And chat
fince his return from Spain, he hath been ledu
lous in promoving the ſervice and contentment
of your Houſe. It is therefore his expreffe com-
mand, that you abſolutely deſiſt from ſuch un-
parliamentary diſquifitions, and reſign the refor-
mation of what is amiſſe to his Majeſties care, wil.
dome, and juſtice.'
I am alſo to ſpeak about the bufineffe of ſupply;
you have been made acquainted with the poſture
of his Majeſties affairs both forain and domeſtique,
and with his neceſſitous condition; the charge of
all martial preparations, both by ſea and land, hach
'been calculated to you, and you promiſed a fup-
ply both ſpeedy and futable to his occafions ; but
his Majeſty complaineth, that as yet, you have
performed neither, failing both in the meaſure
and in the manner. In the meaſure, by granting
only three ſubſidies, and three fifteens, a pro-
portion vaſtly ſhort of what is requiſite. In
the manner, being both dilatory and diſhonou.
rable to the King, as arguing a diſtruſt of him ; for
you have ordered the Bill not to be brought in-
to the Houſe untill your grievances be both
cheard and anſwered: which is ſuch a tacite
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con-

The Reign of King Charles.
27
Ann. Chriſti
1626.
6
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condition, as his Majeſty will not admit of:
* Therefore his Majeſty commands you to take it
into your ſpeedy conſideration and to return your
final anſwer by Saturday next, what fürcher ad-
dition you will make; and if your ſupplies com
menſurate and equal the demands of the cauſe,
he promiſech to continue this Seſſion to your juſt
concent, elſe he muſt and will entertain thoughts
of your diſmillion.
Laſtly, I am commanded to tell you, that his
Majeſty doth not charge theſe diſtempers upon the
hole body, and aſſembly of the Houſe ; but as he
is confident the greater number are perſons of a
more quiet diſpoſe, ſo he hopeth their influence,
and this his Majeſties admonition will prevent the
(like for the time to come.
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<
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The Lord Keeper having ended, the King ſaid,
I muſt witball put you in minde of The Kings
times paft; you may remember my
Father mo-
ved by your counſel, and won by your per-
wafrons brake the Treaties; in theſe perſwafi-
ons I was your inſtrument towards him, and I
was glad to be inſtrumental in any thing which
might pleaſe the whole body of the Realm :
nor was there any then in greater favour with
you then this man, whom you now ſo traduce.
And now when you finde me fo ſure intangled
in war, as I bave no honourable and ſafe re-
treat, you make my neceſſity your privilege,
and ſet what rate you pleaſe upon your ſupplies :
a practiſe not very obliging towards Kings.
Mr.
E 2

28
The Reign of King Charles.
1626.
Ann. Chrifti Mr. Coke told you, it was better to dye by
a forain enemy, then to be deſtroyed at
home. Indeed I think it is more honour able
for a King to be invaded and almoſt deſtroy-
ed by a forain enemy, then to be deſpiſed at
bome.
The Commons nothing mortified with theſe tart and vinacre ex-
preſſions, kept cloſe to their proper ſtations, and by way of Remon-
Atrance reply'd,
The Com-
That with extreme joy and comfort they acknow-
mons Reply. ledge the favour of bis Majeſty's moſt gracious ex-
preſſions of affection to his people, and this preſent
Parliament.
That concerning Mr. Coke, true it is, be let fall
Some few words wbich might admit an ill conſtructi-
on, and that the Houſe was diſpleaſed therewith, as
they declared by a general check; and though Mr. Coke's
egri2 sdm explanation of his minde more clearly, did fomewhat
abate the offence of the Houſe, yet were they reſolved
to take it into further confideration, and ſo have done,
the effe£t whereof had appeared ere this, bad they not
been interrupted by this his Majefties : meſſage and the
like interruption befel them alſo in the buſineſſe of Do-
Etor Turner.
As concerning the examination of the Letters of bis
Secretary of State, as alſo of bis Majeſty's own, and
ſearching the Signet Office and other Records; they
bad done nothing therein, not warranted by the pre-
cedents of former Parliaments upon the like occafions.
That concerning the Duke, they did bumbly be
ſeech bis Majeſty to be informed, that it hath been
the conſtant and undoubted uſage of Parliaments, to
queſtion and complain of any perſon of what
ſoever; and what they ſhould do in relation to him,
they
hat degree

The Reign of King Charles.
29
they little doubted but it pould redound to the bo-| Ann. Chrifti
nour of the Crown, and ſafety of the Kingdome.
1626.
Lastly, As to the matter of fupply; That if ad m
dition may be made of other things importing his ſer-
vice then in conſultation amongſt them, they were re-
folved fo to ſupply him, as might evidence the truth
of their intentions, might make him ſafe at home, and
formidable abroad.
they ſhould havet
To the Remonſtrance the King anſwered briefly, That he
would have them iſ the firſt place conſult about matters of the grea-
teſt importance, and that i bey should have time enough for other
things afterwards.
But the Parliament accounted nothing of ſo great importance
as a legall proceeding againſt the Duke: in order to which all
incouragement is given by both Houſes, to any who would in-
form againſt him. Upon this the Earl of Briſtow, being feclu-
ded by the Kings command from the Honfe of Peers, petitioned
that Houſe, that he might be admitted to prefer an accuſation
againſt the Duke. This requeſt, as moſt equitable, the Lords
readily granted, and Briſtowes deſign coming to the Dukes ear,
he plors amain (and high time) to encounter him. Many good
men were paffing jocund at the conteft, between men at odds
there never ſeemed an evener match; Briſtow had, it's true, the
better head, (yet ſome thought it was ill ſet on) but the Duke the
better back; nor ſeemed the queſtion in the ſenſe of many,
which was the Traitor, but which the moſt. And firſt the Duke
(with a boldneſſe becoming the cleareſt innocence) begins the on-
ſer, by whoſe perſwafion the King commands the Atturny Ge:
neral to fummon the Earl to the Lords Bar as a Delinquent,
May the 1. Briſtow appearing, the Atturncy told the Peers, that
he came thither to accuſe the Earl of High Treaſon: with that
the Earl, My Lords I am a Freeman and a Peer of the Realm unata
tainied, I have ſomewhat to ſay of high confequence for his Ma-
jeſties ſervice, 1 beſeech your Lordſhips give me leave to ſpeak.
The Lords bidding him go on, then ſaid he, I accuſe that man, The Earl of
the Duke of Buckingbam, of High Treaſon, and will prove it. The Briſtow accu-
Articles of his charge were as followeth: ni poti
1. That the Duke did fecretly conſpire with
the Conde of Gondamar Ambaſſador of Spain before
the ſaid Ambaſſadors laft return into Spain, 1622.
to carry his Majeſty then Prince into Spain, to the
Ceth the D
(
end

30
The Reign of King Charles.
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6
6
6
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Ann. Chrifti end he might be enforced, and inſtanced in the
1626.
Romißh Religion, and thereby have perverted the
Prince, and ſubverted the true Religion eſtabliſh-
ed in England.
• 2. That Mr. Porter was made acquainted there-
with, and ſent into Spain, and ſuch meſſage fra=
med at his return as might ſerve for a ground to
ſet on foot the conſpiracy : which was done ac-
cordingly, and thereby both King and Prince
highly abuſed.
3. The Duke at his arrival in Spain, nouriſh-
ed the Spaniſh Miniſters not only in the belief of
his own being Popiſhly given, by abſenring him-
ſelf from all exerciſes of our Religion (then con.
ftantly uſed in the Earl of Briſtow's houſe) and
conforming himſelf to pleaſe the Spaniard by
kneeling to,and adoring their Sacraments, but gave
(them hope alſo of the Princes converſion; which
( cauſed them to propound worſe conditions for
Religion, then had been formerly ſetled and
figned by the Earl of Briſtow and Sir Walter
based
Aſton
4. That the Duke did many times in the pre-
6 ſence of the Earl of Briſtom, move his Majeſty at
the inſtance of the Conde of Gondamar, to write a
Letter to the Pope, which the Earl utterly diſſwa-
ded; and that although during the Earls abode in
England he hindred the writing any ſuch letter,
yet the Duke after the Earls return procured it
C
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wrot.
as 5. That the Pope being informed of the Dukes
Cutie inclination in point of Religion, ſent him a parti-
• cular Bull in Parchment, therein perſwading him to
pervert his Majeſty.
6. That the Duke in Spain did abuſe the King
of Spain and his Miniſters ſo, as they would not
adinit
C

The Reign of King Charles.
31
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Ann. Chriſti
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admit of a Reconciliation with him ; whereupon 1626.
feeing the match would be to his diſadvantage, he in
endevoured to break it, not for any ſervice to this
Kingdome, nor diſlike of it in it felf, nor for that
he found, (as fince he hath pretended) that the
Spaniard did not really intend it, but out of his
particular end and indignation.
7. Tbat he intending to croſſe the match, made
uſe of Letters of liis Majeſty then private to his own
< ends, and not to what they were intended, as
alſo concealed many things of great importance
(from his late Majeſty, thereby overthrowing his
Majeſties purpoſes, and advancing his own ends.
8. That, for the foreſaid ends, he hath abuſed
both Houſes of Parliament by a finifter relation of
the carriage of affairs, as ſhall be made appear in
every particular of that relation.
9. That he imployed his power with the King
of Spain for the procurement of favours and Offi-
ces, which he beſtowed upon unworthy perſons,
for the recompence and hire of his luft: which is
a great infamy and diſhonour to our Nation; that
a Duke, a privie Counſellor and Ainbaſſador, emi-
nent in his Majeſties favour, and folely intruſted
' with the perſon of the Prince, ſhould leave behind
him in a forein Court, ſo much ſcandall by his ill
behaviour.
'10. That he hath been a great part the cauſe
c of the ruin of the Prince Palatine, and his eſtate;
in ſo much as thoſe affairs concern this King-
(dome.
11. That he hath in his relation to both Houſes
of Parliament, wronged the Earl of Briſtow in his
honour, by many finiſter aſperſions.
12. Laſtly, that the Earl of Briſtow did reveal to
his late Majefty, both by word and letter, in what
fort
6
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32
The Reign of King Charles.
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Lord Spencer,
Ann. Chriſti fort the Duke had mil-demeaned himſelf
, and abu-
1626. ſed his truft: and the King by ſeverall waies fent
V him word he ſhould reſt aſſured that be would bear
the ſaid Earl in due time, and that four daies before
his fickneſſe, he fignified to the Earl, that he would
bear him againſt the Duke as well as he had heard the
Duke againſt him. And not long after the King died,
having been much vexed and preſſed with the ſaid
Duke.
When the Earl had ended his Charge, up ſtarts no upſtart
Lord, (the more the pity) and unbcſeeming his noble extraction,
and ancient fame, Is this all (ſaid he) you have to ſay againſt the
Duke? The Earl replyed, Tes my Lord, and I am ſorry it is ſo much.
Then, quoth the Lord Spencer, if this be all, Ridiculus mus! and
fo fate down again. Upon this a crotchet took the Lord Cromwell
in the crown, and out he goes to Mr. Richard Spencer a younger
ſon of the Lord, and a great zelor in the lower Houſe againſt the
Duke: Dick, ſaid he, what is done in your Howſe to day againſt the
Duke? My Lord ( ſaid he) he is charged with no lefſe then High
Treaſon. Tuſh Dick, quoth the Lord, High Treaſon! if this be all
,
Ridiculus Mus !
Shortly after, the Commons having digeſted their Impeachment
againſt this great man into thirteen heads, on the eighth of the
peachment
againſt the ſame moneth preſented it to the Lords. This weighty cauſe
was managed by fix Gentlemen, Mr. Glanuel, Mr. Herbert,
Mr. Selden, Mr. Pim, Mr.Wansford, Mr. Sherland, to whom was
added Sir Dudley Diggs, as Foreman and Prolocutor, and
Sir Fohn Elliot to bring up the rear.
Sir Dudly Diggs his Prologue, for the extraordinary clegancy
of the frame, and concinneſfe of his metaphors, I ſhall crave leave
to inſert, as it was delivered to the Lords, before the Gentlemen
of the houſe of Commons did preſent the thirteen grievances, ex-
preſly this.
My Lords,
There are ſo many things of great importance
to be ſaid in very little time this day,that I conceive
it will not be unacceptable to your Lordſhips, if
(ſetting by all Rhetoricali affe&ations) I only in
plain countrey language, humbly pray your Lord-
ſhips favour to include many excuſes, neceſſary to
The Com-
mons im-
Duke,
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Ibe Reign of King Charles.
33
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6.
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my manifold infirinities, in this one word, I am Ann. Chrifti
1626.
COMMANDED by the Knights, Citizens and Bur=
geſſes of the Commons Houſe, to preſent unto your
Lordſhips their moſt affe&ionate thanks for your
ready condeſcending to this conference, which out
of confidence in your great wiſdomes, and appro-
(ved Juſtice for the ſervice of his Majeſty, and the
welfare of this Realm they deſired upon this oc-
(caſion.
Borbos
• The Houſe of Comwons, by a fatall and univerſal
concurrence of complaints from all the fea-borde-
ring parts of this Kingdome, did finde a great and
grievous interruption and ſtop of Trade and Trafa
fique. The baſe Pirats- of Sally ignominiouſly
infefting our coaſts, taking our ſhips and goods,
and leading away the ſubjects of this Kingdome
into barbarous captivity; while, to our ſhame,
and hinderance of commerce, our enemies did (as
it were) beliege our Ports, and block up our beſt
« Rivers mouches; our Friends on flight pretences
e made embargoes of our Merchants goods, and eve.
ry nation upon the leaſt occafion was ready to
6 contemn and ſlight us : So great was the apparent
diminution of the ancient honour of this Crown,
and once ſtrong reputation of our Nation. Where-
with the Commons were more troubled, calling to
remembrance how, formerly in France, in Spain,
in Holland, and every where by ſea and land, the
e valours of this Kingdome had been better valued,
c and even in later times within remembrance, when
we had no alliance with France, none in Denmark,
none in Germany: no Friend in Italy ; Scotland, to
ſay no more, ununited; Ireland not ſetled in
peace, and much leſſe ſecurity at home; when
Spain as was ambitious at it is now, under a King
(Philip the ſecond) they call'd their wiſeſt, the
6 houſe
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34
The Reign of King Charles.
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Ann. Chrifti houſe of Auſtria as great and potent, and both
1626. ftrengthened with a malicious league in France, of
perſons ill-affe Aed, when the Low-countreys had
no being ; yet by conſtant counſels and old Eng-
liſh waies, even then that Spaniſh pride was coold,
that greatneſſe of the houſe of Auſtria, ſo formidable
to us now, was well refifted, and to the united
Provinces of the Low-countreys, ſuch a beginning,
growth, and ſtrength was given, as gave us ho-
nour over all the Chriſtian world. The Commons
therefore wondring at the evils which they ſuffered,
debating of the cauſes of them, found they were
many, drawn like one Line to one Circumference
of decay of Trade, and ſtrength of Honour, and of
Reputation in this Kingdome; which, as in one
centre, mét in one great man, the cauſe of all,
( whom I am here to name, the Duke of Buckingham,
Here Sir Dudly Diggs made a ſtand, as wondring to ſee the
Duke preſent. Yet he took the Roll, and read the Preamble to
the Charge, with the Dukes long Titles: and then went on.
Dukeslo
My Lords,
“This lofty Title of this mighty Man, me think?,
( doth raiſe my ſpirits to ſpeak with a Panlo ma-
jora canamus;and ſet it not diſpleaſe your Lordſhips,
*if, for foundation, I compare the beautiful ftru&ure
and fair compoſition of this Monarchy, wherein we
live, to the great work of God, the World it felf;
in which the ſolid body of incorporated Earth and
Sea, as I conceive, in regard of our husbandry, ma-
nufactures and commerce by Land and Sea, may
well reſemble us the Commons. And, as it is en-
compaffed with dir; and Fireand Spheres celeſtial,
of Planets, and a Firmament of fixed Sarres ; ali
which receive their heat, light, and life from one
great glorious Sun, even like the King our so-
veraign : So that Firmament of fixed Stars I take to
be
6
8
6

The Reign of King Charles.
35
Ann. Chriſti
C
(
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c
6
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6
be your Lordſhips; Thoſe Planets, the great Officers 1626.
of the Kingdome ; That pure element of Fire, the
moſt religious, zealous, and pious Clergy. And the
reverend Judges, Magiſtrates, and Miniſters of Law,
and Juſtice, the Air wherein we breath, Ali
which encompaſſe round with cheriſhing comfort
this Pody of the Commons, who truly labour for
them all, and though they be the footſtool and
the loweſt, yet may well be ſaid to be the ſetled
centre of the State.
. Now (my good Lords) if that glorious Sun by
his powerfull beams of grace and favour ſhall draw
from the bowels of this Earth, an Exhalation that
ſhall take fire, and burn and Chine out like a Star,
it needs not be marvelled at, if the poor Commons
gaze and wonder at the Comet, and when they
feel the effe&s, impute all to the corruptible mat-
ter of it. But if ſuch an imperfe& mixture ap-
pear, like that in the laſt age, in the Chair of
Gaſſiopea among the fixed Starres themſelves, where
Ariſtotle, and the old Philoſophers conceived there
was no place for ſuch corruption; then, as the
learned Mathematicians were troubled to obſerve
the irregular motions, the prodigious magnitude,
and the ominous Prognoſticks of that Meteor : ſo
the Commons when they ſee ſuch a Blazing-ftar
in courſe fo exorbitant, in the affairs of this Com-
mon-wealth, cannot but look up upon it, and for
want of Perfpe&tives commend the nearer exami-
nation to your Lordſhips, who may behold it at a
better diſtance. Such a prodigious Comet the Com-
6 mons take this Duke of Buckingham to be, againſt
· whoin and his irregular waies there are by learned
· Gentlemen; legall Articles of Charge to be delive-
* red to your Lordſhips, which I am generally firſt
commanded to lay open.
F 2
5
+
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6
cind to ecitals
Firſt

36
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1626.
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Firſt, the Offices of this Kingdome, that are the
eyes, the eares, and the hands of this Commons
wealth, theſe have been engroſſed, boughc and
fold, and many of the greateſt of them, holden even
in this Dukes own hands, which ſeverully gave in
former ages ſufficient content to greateſt Favou-
rites, and were work enough for the wiſeſt Coun-
ſellors : by means whereof, what ſtrange abuſes,
what infinite negle&s have followed? The Seas
have been unguarded, Trade diſturbed, Merchants
oppreſſed, their Ships, and even one of the Royal.
Navie, by cunning pra&iſe delivered over into fo-
rain hands, and contrary to our good Kings inten-
tion imployed to the prejudice (almoft to the
ruine) of friends of our own Religion.
Next, Honors (thoſe moſt precious jewels of the
Crown) a treaſure ineſtimable, wherewith your
noble Anceſtors (my Lords) were well rewarded
for eminent and publique ſervice in the Common-
wealth at home, for brave exploits abroad; when
covered all with duſt and bloud, they ſweat in ſer-
vice for the honour of this Crown What Back-
waies, what By-waies have been by this Duke found
out, is too well known to your Lordſhips; whereas
anciently it was the honour of England, (as among
the Romans ) the way to the Temple of Honor was
through the Temple of Virtue. But I am comman-
'ded to preſſe this no further then to let your
Lordſhips know, one inſtance may perhaps be
given of ſome one Lord compelled to purchaſe
Honor, toigoo
- “Thirdly, as divers of the Duke's poor kindred
have been raiſed to great Honors, which have been
and are likely to be more chargeable and burthen.
fome to the Crown; fo the Lands and Revenues, and
the Treaſuries of his Majeſty have been intercepted
and
&
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6

The Reign of King Charles.
37
C
6
C
Ć
C
C
and exhauſted by this Duke and his friends, and Ann. Chrifti
Atrangely mif-imployed with ſtrange confufion of 1626.
the Accompts, and overthrow of the well efta-
bliſhed ancient orders of his Majeſties Exche-
quer.
The laſt of the Charges which are prepared, will
be an injury offered to the perſon of the late
King of bleſſed memory, who is with God;
of which ( as your Lordſhips may have heard here-
tofore you ſhal anon have farther information,
Now upon this occafion, I am commanded by the
Commons to take care of the Honor of the King our
Soveraign that lives, (long may he live to our
comfort, and the good of the Chriſtian world)
e and alſo of his bleſſed Father, who is dead; on
< whom to the grief of the Commons, and their great
diſtaſt, the Lord Duke did, they conceive, unwor=
thily caſt fome ill ordure of his own foul waies.
. Whereas ſervants vvere anciently wont to bear (as
' in truth they ought) their Maſters faults, and not
caſt their own on them undeſervedly. It is well
• known the King, who is with God, had the ſame
power, and the fame wiſdome before he knew this
Duke, yea and the ſame affe&tions too, through
which (as a good and gracious Maſter) he advanced
6 and railed fome ſtars of your Lordſhips Firmament,
in whoſe hands this exorbitancy of will
, this tran-
ſcendency of power, ſuch placing and diſplacing of
Officers, ſuch irregular running into all by-courſes
of the Planets, ſuch ſole and fingle managing of the
great affairs of State, was never heard of. And
therefore only to the Lord Duke and his procure-
ment by miſ-informations theſe faults complained
of by the Commons are to be imputed. And for
our moſt gracious Soveraign that lives, whoſe name
“ hath been uſed, and may perhaps now be, for the
Dukes
C
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38
The Reign of King Charles.
C
C
C
C
C
Ann, Chrifti Dukes juſtification. The Commons know well, that
1626.
among his Majeſties moſt royall vertues, his piety
unto his Father hath made him a pious nouriſher of
his affe&tions ever to this Lord Duke, on whom,
out of that confideration, his Majeſty hath wrought
a kinde of wonder, making Favour hereditary.
But the abuſe thereof muſt be the Lord Dukes own.
And if there have been any Commands, ſuch as
were or may be pretended, his mif-informations
have procured them ; vvhereas the Lawes of Eng-
land teach us, that Kings cannot command ill or
(unlawful things when ever they ſpeak, though by
their Letters Patents or their Seals ; if the thing be
evill, theſe Letters Patents are void, and whatſoever
‘ill event fucceeds, the executioners of ſuch com-
mands muſt ever anſwer for them.
Thus my Lords, in performance of my duty, my
weakneſſe hath been troubleſome unto your Lord-
ſhips. It is nowv high time humbly to intreat your
pardon, and give vvay to a learned Gentleman to
begin a more particular Charge
Sir Dudly Diggs having ended his Prologue, the Impeachment
it felf of the Commons was read, ſumınarily as followeth.
6
C
C.
<
C
C
C
C
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The Commons Impeachment and Declaration
againſt the Duke of Buckingham.
For the ſpeedy redreſſe of the great evils and
miſchiefs, and of the chief cauſes of thoſe evils
and miſchiefs,vvhich this Kingdom of England novv
grievouſly fuffereth, and of late years hath ſuffered,
and to the honour and ſafety of our Soveraign
Lord the King, and of his Crown and dignities,
and to the good and vvelfare of his people; the
Commons in this preſent Parliament, by the autho-
rity of our faid Soveraign Lord the King aſſembled,
C
C
6
I do

The Reign of King Charles.
39
C
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6
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do by this their Bill fhevv, and declare againſt Ann. Chriſti
1626.
George, Duke, Marqueſe, and Earl of Buckingham,
Earl of Coventry, Viſcount Villers, Baron of Whad-
don; great Admirall of the Kingdomes of England
' and Ireland, and of the principality of Wales, and
of the Dominions and Ilands of the ſame, of the town
of Calais, and of the Marches of the fame, and of
Normandy, Gaſcoigne, and Guyen ; Generall Gover-
nor of the Seas and Ships of the ſaid Kingdomes ;
Lieutenant General, Admiral, Captain General and
Governor of his Majeſties Royal Fleet and Army,
lately ſet forth ; Maſter of the Horſes of our Sove.
raign Lord the King; Lord Warden, Chancellor and
Admiral of the Cinque-ports, and of the Members
thereof; Conſtable of Dover Caſtle; Juſtice in Eyre
of all Forreſts and Chaces on this fide of the River
of Trent ; Conſtable of the Caſtle of Windfor; Lieu-
tenant of Middleſex and Buckingham-bire; Steward
and Bailiffe of Westminster; Gentleman of his Maje-
ſties Bed-chamber, and one of his Majeſties hono-
orable Privie Councel in his Realms both of England
Scotland, and Ireland, and Knight of the moſt noble
corder of the Garter,
The miſdemeanors, miſprifions, offences, crimes,
and other matters compriſed in the Articles hereaf-
ter following: And him the ſaid Duke do accuſe,
impeach of the ſaid miſdemeanors, miſprifionsof-
fences, and crimes.
Firſt, That he the ſaid Duke, being young and The Articles.
unexperienced, hath of late years with exorbitant 1.His engrof-
ambition, and for his own advantage procured and Ofices,
engroſſed into his own hands, ſeveral
ces both to the danger of the State, and prejudice
of that ſervice which would have been performed
in them, and to the diſcouragement of others, who
are thereby precluded from ſuch hopes as their
virtues,
C
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great Offi.

40
The Reign of King Charles.
By buying
the place of
6
C
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Am. Chrißi virtues, abilities, and publique imployments might
1626.
( otherwiſe have obtained.
2. That in the fixteenth year of the reign of
' the late King, he did give and pay to the then
Admiralty
© Earl of Nottingham, for the Office of Great Admi-
rall of England and Ireland, and of the Principa-
lity of Wales, and General Governor of the Seas,
and Ships of the ſaid Kingdomes, and for the fur=
rendor of the faid Offices, to the intent the ſaid
Duke might obtain them to his own uſe, the ſum
of three thouſand pounds, and did alſo procure
for the ſaid ſurrendor from the late King, an an-
nuity of One thouſand pounds per annum, payable
to the ſaid Earl, for which conſiderations the ſaid
Earl ſurrendred che faid Office with his Letters Pa-
tents, unto the late King, who granted them to the
faid Duke for his life : which is an Offence con-
trary to the lawes and ſtatutes of this Realm, thoſe
( Offices ſo highly concerning the adminiſtration
and execution of Juſtice.
3. That he the ſaid Duke, in the 22. year of the
• late King, did give and pay unto Edward Lord
Zouch, for the Offices of Lord Warden of the
Cinque Ports and of Conſtable of Dover Caſtle, the
ſum of One thouſand pounds, and granted alſo an
annuity of five hundred pounds per annum during
his life, and that for the conſideration aforeſaid
the ſaid Lord Zouch did ſurrender his Offices and
Letters Patents, to the late King, who granted them
to the ſaid Duke for his life:which Offices (ſo high-
ly concerning the adminiſtration of Juſtice) the
Duke hath ever ſince held againſt the Lawes of the
C
And Lord
Warden of the
Cinque Ports:
C
C
( land.
Not guarding
the Seas,
4. That he hath negle&ed the juſt execution of
thoſe his Offices, and violated the cruſt repoſed in,
C and committed to him by them; in ſo much, as
through

The Reign of King Charles.
41
C
C
6
S. Pcter of
New Haven.
C
6
C.
C
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through his negle& the trade of this Kingdome Ann. Chriſti
hath been of late much decayed, and the feas ig-
1626.
nominiouſly infeſted with Pirats and enemies, to
the great loſſe of both Ships and goods, and immi-
nene danger of this Kingdome.
That, whereas about Michaelmas laft,a Ship called stay of the
the Sc. Feter of New Haven, laden with divers Mer-
chandizes, Jewels, and coinmodities to the value
of Forty thouſand pounds, or thereabout, for the
proper account of Monſieur de Villowes then Gover-
vor of New.baven, was taken by the Ships of his
Majeſties lace Fleer, and brought into the Port of
Plymoucb, as a prize, upon probability that the ſaid
Ship or Goods belonged to the ſubjects of the
King of Spain; whereupon there was an arreſt of
two Engliſh Ships at New haven in the Kingdome
of France : after which, intimation was given to the
Advocare in the chief Court of Admiralty from his
Majeſty by ſecretary Coke, for the freeing and dif
charge of the ſaid ſhip, and goods, and thereupon
by Commiſſion under ſeal the ſaid ſhip and goods
were
releaſed. The ſaid Duke notwithſtanding
any ſuch Order, and Decree, detained ſtill to his
own uſe, the Gold, Silver, Pearl,Jewels, and other
commodities fo taken out of the laid ſhip, and un-
juſtly cauſed the ſaid ſhip to be arreſted again, in
contempt of the lawes of this land, and to the pre-
judice of Trade, da More
6. That the Eaſt India Merchants in the 21 of And of the
the late Kings reign, preparing to ſet forth Four Fleet
.
great ſhips richly laden in their uſuall courſe of
Trade, the Duke moved the Lords then aſſembled
in Parliament to know whether he ſhould make
' ſtay of thoſe ſhips for the ſervice of the State:
olet suo
( which motion being approved by the Lords, the best
Duke accordingly did ſtay thoſe ſhips ; and after
G
pro-
C
C
6
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с
Eaſt-India
C
6

42
The Reign of King Charles.
C
C
C
C
C
C
Ann. Chriſti
1626.
procured a joynt A&ion to be entred in the Court
of Admiralty in the name of the late King, and
himſelf, as Lord Admirall, againſt Fifteen thou-
fand pounds pretended to be Piratically taken by
ſome Captains of the ſaid Merchants ſhips, and in
the hands of the ſaid Captains and accordingly,
an Attachment was ſerved upon the ſaid Mer-
chants. Whereupon the ſaid Merchants being urged
to bring in the Fifteen thouſand pounds, or to go
to priſon, made now ſuit to the Duke for the releale
of their ſhips; who pretending that the Parlia-
ment muſt be moved therein, the Merchants much
perplexed, and conſidering that they ſhould loſe
much by unlading their ſhips, and the loſſe of their
voyage; reſolved to tender to the Duke Ten thou-
fand pounds for his unjuſt demand, who by co-
lour of his office extorted and exacted froin them
the ſaid Ten thouſand pounds ; and upon receipt
thereof, and not before, releaſed the ſaid ſhips,
Lending of
7. That the Duke, being Great Admiral of Eng-
the Vant-guard
land, did by colour of the ſaid Office procure one
of the principal ſhips of the Navie-Royal, called
the Vant-guard, and fix other Merchants ſhips of
great burthen, to be conveyed over with all their
Ordnance, Ammunition and Apparel,into the King.
dome of France ; and did compell the ſaid Maſters
and Owners of the ſaid ſhips, to deliver the faid
casa el'fhips into the poſſeſſion and command of the French
tribute the King, and his Miniſters, withouc either ſufficient
ſecurity for their re-delivery, or neceſſary caution
in that behalf, contrary to the duty of his Office,
and to the apparent weakning of the Naval ſtrength
of this Kingdome. risolvo
(8. That the Duke, knowing the ſaid ſhips were
intended to be imployed againſt the Rochellers and
the Proteſtants elſewhere, did compel them as afore-
ſaid
و
C
C
to the French:
c
C
To be imploy-
ed againſt Ro-
chel,

The Reign of King Charles.
43
C
C
6
6
6
6
nours
C
6
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C
faid to be delivered unto the faid French King and Ann. Chriſti
his Miniſters, to the end that they might be imploy-1626.
ed againſt thoſe of the reformed Religion, as accor-
dingly they were; to the prejudice of the ſaid
Religion, contrary to the intention of our Sove-
raign Lord the King, and to his former promiſe at
- Oxford; and to the great fcandal of our Na=
tion.
ola
9. That he hath enforced ſome who were rich Selling of Ho-
(though unwilling) to purchaſe honours : as the
Lord Roberts, Baron of Truro, who was by menaces
wrought to pay the ſum of Ten thouſand pounds
to the ſaid Duke
, and to his uſe for his ſaid Ba-
de forma
rony.
10. That in the 18 year of the late King, he and Offices.
' did procure of the late King the Office of
* High Treaſurer of England to the Vicount Mande-
vil, now Earl of Mancheſter, for which Office he
received of the ſaid Vicount, to his own uſe, the
ſum of Twenty thouſand pounds of money, and alſo
did
procure in the 20 year of the lace King, the
Office of Maſter of the Wards and Liveries for
Sir Lionel Cranfeild, afterward Earl of Middleſex,
6 and as a reward for the ſaid procurement, he had
to his own uſe, of the ſaid Sir Lionel Cranfeild, the
ſum of Six thouſand pounds,contrary to the dig-
nity of his late Majeſty.
11. That he hath procured divers honors for Procuring Ho-
his Kindred and allies, to the prejudice of the anci- Rindre for his
ent Nobility,and diſabling the Crown from rewar-
ding extraordinary virtues in future times.
• 12. That he procured and obtained of the late Diminiſhing
King divers Manors, parcels of the Revenues of the Revenues
the Crown, to an exceeding great value, and hath
received, and to his own uſe disburſed
s of money, that did properly belong unto the
G2
6 late
5
5
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of the Crown.
6
great fums

44
The Reign of King Charles.
C
C
C
Phyſick to
King Fans.
C
Ann. Chriſtilate King: and the better to colour his doings, hath
1626. obtained ſeverall privie Seals from his late Majeſty,
e and his Majeſty that now is, warranting the pay
ment of great ſums of money by him, as if ſuch
fums were directed for ſecret ſervice of the State,
when as they were diſpoſed of to his own uſe; and
“ hath gotten into his hands, great ſums which were
intended by the late King for the furniſhing and
(vi&ualling of the Navie-Royall
, to the exceeding
diminution of the Revenues of the Crown, to the
deceiving and abuſing of his late and now Majeſty,
and detriment of the hole Kingdome.
His applying
13. Laſtly, that he being a ſworn ſervant of the
late King, did cauſe and provide certain plaiſters
and potions for his late Majeſty in his laſt fickneſſe,
(without the privity of his Majeſties Phyſicians; and
that although thoſe plaiſters and potions former.
ly applyed produced ſuch ill effe&s, as many of his
ſworn Phyſicians did diſallow as prejudiciall to
his Majeſties health, yet nevertheleffe did the Duke
apply them again to his Majeſty, whereupon great
diſtempers and dangerous fymptomes appeared in
him, which the Phyfitians imputed to thoſe admi-
niſtrations of the Duke, whereof his late Majeſty
alſo complained; which was an offence and milde
meanor of ſo high a nature, as may be called an ad
of tranſcendent preſumption. And the ſaid Com-
mons by proteſtation, ſaving to themſelves the li-
berties of exhibiting hereafter any other accufati-
on or impeachment againſt the Duke, and alſo of
replying unto whac the Duke ſhall anſwer unto the
faid Article, Do pray that the ſaid Duke may be
put to anſwer all and every the premiſes, and that
"ſuch proceedings, examinations, tryals, and judg.
ments, may be upon every of them had, as is agree-
* able to law and juſtice,
6
©
C
6
C
'The

The Reign of King Charles.
45
at
Eliot commit.
ted to the
The
Commons having preſented this Accuſation, preſently af- Ann. Chrifti
ter fent a meſſage to the Lords, defiring that the Duke might be 1626.
committed, declaring that it did miſ-beſeem their Houſe to per-
mit a man ſo deeply impeacht to fit in Councell with them : And Sir DudlyDiggs
that
very time, Sir Dudly Diggs and Sir John Eliot were fent and Sir John
for out of the Houſe, by two meſſengers of the Chamber, who
upon their coming forth, ſhew'd them warrants for their Com- Tower.
mitment to the Tower ; but it was reſolved by the Judges, that by
their reſtraint, (no reaſon being given to the Houſe for it) the
hole houſe was arreſted, and Remonſtrance was made to the King
of their priviledge, whereupon they were releaſed.
Th: Commons having ſped ſo well, the Houſe of Peers be- | The Earl of
gan to claim their immunity, making an order that nothing should charged of his
be tranſacted in their Houſe, untill the Earl of Arundel were impriſonment.
reſtored : upon which inſtantly enſued the Earls poftlimination
and readmittance.
Popular diſguſt began now to break in upon the Duke with
ſuch a running and ſweeping tide, as drew along with it by way
of concomitancy the Peerage ; nor could his new dependents
and Allies keep the Ballance horizontal and even, much leſſe
ſway it; and becauſe his fate muſt reſult from them, and not by
weight, but tale, the old trick of the Councel of Trent was
thought upon, and a new fummons of perſons, firm confidents
of the Duke (as the Lords Mandevil, Grandiſon, and Carlton) into
the row of Nobles. But this project would not take, for the
Houſe of Lords found an ancient Order, That no Lords created
Sedente Parliamento, ſhall have voices during that Selion, but
only fhill have priviledge of fitting among the reſt : upon which
their fuffrage was excluded. This gave the Duke a taſte (a bit-
ter one) of their inclinations, ſo that finding ſmall favour to truſt
to, he magnanimoufly, ſome thought impudently, ſtood upon his
Juftification. And as the ill opinion of his Peers depreſt him, ſo
their affection to the Earl of Briſtow elevated him: who received
the Atturneys charge with ſuch an undaunted ſpirit, and retur-
ned ſo home an anſwer, as the Houſe was amply ſatisfied with it.
On the other ſide, the Duke was as intent upon his Defence, and
having moulded it to his contentment, upon the 8. of Fune pre-
ſented it to the Lords, who upon receit thereof, fequeftred him The Duke fer
from fitting any more as a Peer of the Houſe, untill his cauſe was the Houſe of
determined ; upon which he went away much dejected. The ſub-Lords,
ſtance of his anſwer was as followerh.
Anſwer,
(1. To the charge concerning his plurality of Of The Duke's
fices, he anſwereth, That his late Majeſty did of his
own Royal motion beſtow them upon him, and
che

46
The Reign of King Charles.
&
(
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Ann, Chrißi he hopeth and conceiveth he may without blame
1626.
receive, what his bountifull Maſter conferred upon
him, if the Common-wealth doth nor ſuffer there
by. Nor is it without precedents, that men emi-
nent in the eſteem of their Soveraign, have held as
great and many offices as himſelf. But ifit ſhall be
proved that he fallly, or corruptly hath executed
thoſe Offices, he is, and will be ready to reſign them
with his life and fortunes to his Majeſties diſpoſe.
2. To the ſecond, he anſwereth, That the Earl
of Nottingham then Lord Admiral, being grown
much in years, and finding himſelf not ſo fit nor
able to perform what appertained to his place, as
formerly ; became an earneſt futor to his late Ma-
jeſty to permit him to ſurrender up his Office, who
at length being overcome by the Earls many foli-
citations condeſcended thereunto ; and his late
Majeſty at the entreaty of others, without the
Dukes privity, was alſo perſwaded to confer it up
on the Duke, much againſt his will, he being no
way experienced in thoſe affairs : ſo that the Earl
į did freely ſurrender and the Duke accept the grant
of the ſaid Office, without any the leaſt contract
or proviſo. But true it is, that his late Majeſty ou
of his Royal bounty did grant to the faid Earl a
© Penfion of One thouſand pounds per annum, as a
recompence for his former ſervice to the Crown;
" and alſo the Duke himſelf did freely and volunta-
rily with his late Majeſties approbation, as an ar-
gument of his honourable relpects to lo Noble a
Predeceſſor, ſend the Earl Three thouſand pounds,
(which he hopeth is not blame-worthy in him.
3. To the third, he anſwereth, That the Lord
< Zouch being grown in years, and unfit to manage
@ the Office of the Warden of the Cinque-Ports and
· Conſtable of Dover Caſtle, which are indeed both
but
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The Reign of King Charles.
47
6
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but one, diſcovered a willingneffe to ſurrender it, Ann. Chrifti
cand made ſeverall offers thereof to the Duke of
1626.
Richmond, who at laſt contra&ted with the faid
Lord Zouch for his ſurrender, for the confideration
of One thouſand pound in money, and Five hun.
'dred pounds per annum; and the ſaid Duke of Rich-
mond being prevented by death, his late Majeſty
directed the Duke of Buckingham to go through
with the Lord Zouch for it, upon the fame termes;
which he was the willinger to do, by reaſon he had
found by experience, that the King's fervice fut-
fered much through the emulation, diſaffe&tion and
contention arifing between thoſe two Officers;
and he hopeth this a& of his in acquiring this Of-
fice, accompanied with ſuch circumſtances, the
King alſo being both privie and, diređing it, will
receive a favourable conſtruction, eſpecially conſi-
dering he was altogether unacquainted with any
claw to the contrary.
4. To the fourth, he anſwereth, That the loffe
happening to the Kings ſubjects by Pirats and ene-
mies hath not proceeded through the Dukes de
fault, as is ſuggeſted, but becauſe thoſe Pirats (hips
care built of a mould as fit for flight as fight; being
« far too nimble for the Kings Ships. To prevent
(which inconvenience, for the time to come, there
is preſent order taken for the building of Ships of
the ſame ſhape with thoſe of Dunkirk, and for the
Pirats of Sally; that proviſion is taken either to
reſtrain by treaty, or to repreffe them by force, a
will give good fatisfa&tion zand this will clearly ap-
pear upon proof.ldo nonstola 10 odsto
5. To the fifth, he anfwereth, That complaint
being made on the behalf of fome French men at
( the Councel Table concerning the St. Peter and
( fome other Ships; His Majeſty then preſent did
order
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48
The Reign of King Charles.
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Ann. Chriſti
order that ſhe and all other ſhould be releaſed as
1626.
were found to belong to any Prince or State in ami-
ty with him ; provided they were not fraudulent
ly coloured. And accordingly this ship was by
ſentence in the Admiralty diſcharged. Bac with
in few daies after new information came to the
Lord Adiniral,chat this Ship was laden by the ſub-
je&is of the King of Spain in Spain, that the Amiran-
teſo wafted her beyond the North Cape, and that
witneſſes were ready to atteſt as much : upon
which the Duke acquainted his Majeſty therewith,
and by his command made ſtay of this Ship, as he
was aſſured by the opinion of the King and five
other advocates) he might do, and command was
given to the Kings Advocate to haſten the exami-
nation of witneſſes, in purſuance of the new infor-
mation. But the French Merchants impatient of
delaies which the producing many witneſſes would
occaſion, complained again to the Councel-board,
and obtained an order from thence for the delivery
of the ſaid Ship and goods, upon ſecurity ; which
ſecurity was once offered, but after retra&ed; yet
upon confideration of the teſtimonies produced the
Kings Advocate informing the Duke that the proof
came ſhort for that Ship, the Duke did inſtancly
give order for her finall diſcharge, and that all her
goods ſhould be re-imbarqued to the Owners; which
was done accordingly.
• 6. To che ſixth,
he anſwereth, That the motion
* in Parliament about the ſtay of the Eaſt-India Ships
was only upon apprehenſion that they might be
ſerviceable for the defence of the Realm. That the
action entred in the Court of Admiralcy againſt
the Eaſt-India Company, was not after, (as is ſug-
geſted) but divers moneths before that motion in
Parliament,yea, before the Parliament began. That
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The Reign of King Charles.
49
40
16
Ç
6
6
6
the compofition (mentioned in this Article) was Ann. Chrifti
1626.
not moved by the Duke, but made by the late King,
and that the Company without any menaces or
compulfion agreed to the compoſition, as willing to
give ſo much, rather then to abide the hazard of the
luir. That of the ſaid ſum, all but Two hundred
pounds, was imployed by his late Majeſties officers
for the benefit of the Navie; and laſtly, that
thoſe Ships were not diſcharged upon payment of
the ſaid ſum of Ten thouſand pounds, but upon an
accommodation allowed that they ſhould prepare
other ſhips for his Majeſties ſervice, whileft they
went on their voyage; which accordingly they
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7. To the ſeventh, he anſwereth, That thoſe
Ships were lent to the French King without his
privity; that when he knew thereof, he did what
appertained to his office. That he did not by me
nace, or any undue pradiſe by himſelf, or any
other, deliver thoſe Ships into the hands of the
French:that what error hath fince happened, was not
s in the intention any way injurious to the State, nor
prejudicial to the intereſt of any private man.
%. To the eighth, he anſwereth, That under-
ſtanding a diſcovery that thoſe Ships ſhould be im-
ployed againſt Rochel, he endevoured to divert
the courſe of ſuch imployment; and whereas it is
alledged that he promiſed at Oxford, that thoſe Ships
ſhould not be ſo imployed, he under favour faith,
he was miſunderſtood, for he only ſaid, that the
event would ſhew it, being confident in the pro-
miſes of the French King, and that he would have
really performed what was agreed upon.
9. To the ninth, he anſwereth, denying any ſuch
compulfion of the Lord Roberts to buy his honor,
and that he can prove, that as the faid Lord did
H
then
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50
The Reign of King Charles.
C
C
6
C
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Ann. Chrifti" then obtain it by the folicitation of others, ſo was
1626 he willing formerly to have given a great ſum
for it,
10. To the tenth, he anſwere h, That he had
not, nor did receive any penny of the ſaid ſums to
his own ule, that the Lord Mandevil was made
Lord Treaſurer by his late Majeſty without any con-
tra& for it, and though his Majeſty did after bor-
row of the ſaid Lord Twenty thouſand pounds, yet
was it upon provilo of repayment, for which the
Duke at firſt paſt his word, and after entred him fe-
curity by land, which ſtood engaged untill his late
Majeſty during the Dukes being in Spain, gave the
Lord ſatisfa&tion by land in Fee-farm of a confia
' derable value, whereupon the Dukes ſecurity was
returned back. And that the Six thouſand pounds
• disburſed by the Earl of Middleſex, was beſtowed
upon Sir
Henry Mildmay by his late Majeſty (with-
out the Dukes privity) who had and enjoyed it all
entire.
II. To the eleventh, he anſwereth, That he be
leeveth he were rather worthily to be condem-
ned in the opinion of all generous mindes, if be.
‘ing in ſuch favour with his Majeſty, he had minded
only his own advancement, and had negle&ed
thoſe whom the law of nature had obliged him to
hold moſt dear.
12. To the twelfth, he anſwereth, That he doth
humbly, and with all thankfulneſſe, acknowledge
( his late Majeſties bountiful hand to him, and ſhall
be ready to render back into the hands of his now
Majeſty whatſoever he hath received, together with
his life, to do him ſervice : Bur for the value ſug-
geſted in the charge, he faith there is a great miſ-
take in the calculation, as he ſhall make evident in
a Schedule annexed, to which he referreth him-
(felf.
$
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The Reign of King Charles.
51
C
s ſelf. Nor did he obtain the fame by any undue foli- Am. Chrifti
citation or pra&iſe,nor yet a releaſe for any ſums fo
Creceived. But having ſeveral times, and upon ſeveral
'occaſions diſpoſed divers ſums of his late and now
Majeſty, by their private dire&ions, he hath releaſes
thereof for his diſcharge, which was honorable in
them to grant, and not unfit for him to deſire and
'accept for his future indemnity.
*13. To the laſt he anſwereth, That his late Ma-
jeſty being fick of an Ague, a diſeaſe out of which
the Duke recovered not long before, asked the Duke
what he found moſt advantageous to his health;
the Duke reply'da Plaiſter and Poſſet-drink admi-
niftred to him by the Earl of Warwick's Phyfician;
whereupon the King much deſired the Plaiſter and
* Poſſet-drink to be ſent for. And the Duke delay,
“ing it, he commanded a ſervant of the Dukes to go
'for it againſt the Dukes earneſt requeſt, he humbly
craving his Majeſty not to make uſe of it without
the advice of his own Phyſicians, and experiment
Cupon others; which the King ſaid he would do,and
"in confidence thereof, the Duke left him, and went
(to London. And in the mean time, he being ab-
ſent the ſaid Plaiſter and Poſjet-drink were brought,
Cand at the Dukes return, his Majeſty commanded
the Duke to give him the Poſſet-drink; which he
did, the Phyſicians then preſent not ſeeming to
(miſlike it. Afterward the Kings health declining,
and the Duke hearing a rumour as if his Phyfick had
done his Majeſty hurt, and that he had admini-
<ſtred phyfick without advice, the Duke acquain-
ted the King therewith, who in much diſcontent
replyed, They are worſe ther Devils that ſay ſo.
This being the plain, clear, and evident truth of
all thoſe things which are contained in that Charge,
He humbly referreth it to the judgements of your
Lord-
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52
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Cbri Lordſhips, how full of danger and prejudice it is, to
1626. give too ready an ear, and too eafie a belief unto a
Report or Teſtimony without Oath, which are not of
weight enough to condemne any.
- Alſo he humbly acknowledgeth, how eafie it was
før him in his young years and unexperienced, to fall
into thouſands of errors in thoſe ten years, wherein
he had the honour to ſerve ſo great and ſo open an
hearted a Soveraign Maſter.
But the fear of Almighty God, his fincerity in the
true Religion eſtabliſhed in the Church of England,
(though accompany'd with many weakneſſes and im-
perfe&ions, which he is not aſhamed humbly and
heartily to confeſſe) his awfulneſſe not willing to of-
fend ſo good and gracious a Maſter, and his love and
duty to his Countrey, have reſtrained and preſerved
him (he hopeth) from running into any heinous mil-
demeanours and crimes.
SEN
But whatſoever upon examination and mature de
liberation, they ſhall appear to be, leaſt in any thing
unwittingly, within the compaſſe of ſo many years, he
ſhall have offended; - *
10950 TODO
He humbly prayech- your Lordſhips, not only in
thoſe, but to all the ſaid miſdemeanours, miſprifions,
offences and crimes wherewith he ftandeth charged
before your Lordſhips, to allow unto him the benefit
of the free and general Pardon granted by his late
Majeſty in Parliament in the one and twentieth year
of his Reign, out of which he is not excepted. And
alſo of the gratious Pardon of his now Majesty gran-
ted to the ſaid Duke, and vouchlafed in like manner
to all his Subje&s at the time of his moſt happy In-
auguration and Coronation ; which ſaid Pardon un-
der the Great Seal of England, and granted to the
ſaid Duke, beareth date the tenth day of February
now laſt paſt, and fo here ſhewed forth unto
your

The Reign of King Charles.
53
your Lordſhips on which he doth humbly relie, Ann. Chriſti
1626.
And yet he hopeth, that your Lordſhips in your
Juſtice and Honour( upon which confidence he put-
teth himſelf) will acquit him of, and from thoſe miſ-
demeanours, offences, miſprifions and crimes where-
with he hath been charged.
And he hopeth, and will daily pray that for the
future, he ſhall by Gods grace ſo watch all his actions,
both publick and private, that he ſhall not give any
juſt offence to any.
This anſwer of the Duke to his impeachment, was a kind of
new grievance to his Adverſaries; for it being contrived, and
ſo inlay'd with modefty and humility, it was like to have a
powerfull influence towards the converfion of many who ex-
peeted a defence of another and more diſdainfull fpirit. Again
it ſeemed to ſtate him in impūnity, and the Commons having
charged him, as they thought, through and through, loath they
were to fall ſhort of victory; and having purſued him with ſuch
vehemency, thought themſelves worſted, ſhould he now at laſt
make a faving game of it, therefore reſolved they were to ply
him with a ſpeedy reply: but while they were hammering of it,
the King ſent them a Letter, demanding without further delay the
ſpeedy producing their Bill of Subſidy to be paſſed ; to which,
to prevent their diffolution, they conformed. But firſt they had
drawn up a Declaration, of the fame make and mind with their
former impeachment of the miſerable ſtate of this Kingdome, and
not without ſome high conteſt, it was allowed by the Houſe before
the Bill of Subſidy. Whereupon his Majeſty was ſo exceedingly The Parlia-
incenſed, as on the very next day being fune the fifteenth he ment diſſolved.
diſſolved the Aſſembly, though the Lords ſent four of their
Houfe unto him, beſeeching him earneſtly he would permit
them to fit but two dayes longer, but he anſwered, Not a
minste.
The fame afternoon the Earl of Briſtov, the Dukes grand Arundel and
perſecutor, was committed to the Tower, and the Earl of Briſtoro confi-
Arundel confined to his own houſe. There came alſo forth
from his Majeſty a Proclamation for burning of all Copies of
the Commons Declaration made before the Parliaments diffo-
lution.ro
This Rupture of the Parliament being ſuppoſed to illue The King
from the Kings great affection to the Duke, I finde him charged with
imprudence.
charged with Deep imprudence and high over-ſight to hazard
thel
ned.

54
The Reign of King Charles.
Anſwered.
Ann. Chrifti the love of millions for him onely. Loth I am to leave him
1626 as I finde him, and hope this ſuggeſted imprudence will
either totally diſappear, or ſeem much leffe, if we well
The Charge
weigh thoſe high obligations all Princes have, and what
he had more then many others, to uphold their Favou-
rites. It is, and ever was the perpetuall lot of thoſe who
are of choiſeſt admiſſion into Princes tavours, to feel as ſtrong
reverberations of envie and ill will from beneath, as they do
irradiations of grace and favour from above; whereby they
ſuffer a kind of perſecution, it being the main buſineſſe of
thoſe who maligne them, to be narrow inquifitors into all their
actions, ready to aggravate the worſt, and to traduce the beſt ;
nor ſcape they ſo, but over and beſides their proper failings
they uſually bear the blame and odium of their Maſters
faults ; upon which conſideration Princes are in ſome ſort
tyed in cquity to ſupport them, thereby to compenſate and
make them ſome amends for what deſpight they endure upon
the skore of their affection to them. Again, ſhould a King
deſert and abandon a ſervant of ſuch choice eſteem upon every
flight ſuggeſtion, what can he expect bur a generall tergi-
verſation, a backſliding of affection and fidelity from him,
and an utter declining of his ſervice ever after? Theſe are
motives of generall concernment, over and beſides which King
Charles had others of more peculiar relation. He did not
diſcern any thing in the accriminations of ſo horrid import
as might blemiſh his owning him. His accumulated Offices
and Honours, he reputed fo far from an offence, as he could
ſcarce think them an errour, and he believed hardly one of a
million would have declined, or refifted the temptation of thoſe
Royal tenders, had they been in the Dukes caſe. And for his
ſtudy to advance his near relations, he might moſt worthily have
been counted a Monſter, and an extravagancy in Nature, had
he caſt off all regard of thoſe to whom he was by conſangui-
nity fo near annexed. Laſtly, his Majeſty took notice, thar
in all thoſe thirteen Articles of Impeachment, there was not
any thing of value, but what was acted and happened in the
Reign of his late Father, and conſequently not legally cogniſcible
in his time; nor did he think it ſorted with his honour to ad-
mit an accuſation againſt a perſon fo dear both to his Fa-
ther of bleſſed memory, and him ſelf, after ſo many years e-
lapſed, eſpecially conſidering that fince the time of his pretended
delinquency, he was honoured by many of his now accufers with
the acclamation of the Preſerver of his countrey, and that in open
Parliament; ſo odd a turn of paſſion is there in the minds of
Theſe were the inducements which fixt the King ſo
much in the Dukes protection, which are here delivered
men.
out

The Reign of King Charles.
55
out of a deſire to expunge that blemiſh of imprudence thrown Ann. Chriſti
upon his Majeſty, not as a conceſſion of his diſſolving the Par 1626.
lament upon the account of that Protection only; for the
King had other provocations which ſtimulated him alſo to it.
Thoſe Queries of Dr. Turner, and that expreſſion of Mr. Coke,
the King reſented as inſolent, and ſo repreſented them to the
Parliament; very hot they were of the ſpice, and had more
peper then falt in them. In ſubconſulary Rome, Athens or
Sparta they might have been tolerated, but in a ſtate founded
upon the adminiſtration of Monarchy, thoſe ſmall ítrictures and
ſparks of animofiiy, had fire enough in them to kindle and in-
Aame the anger of a mild Prince : for nothing irritateth and
cauſeth the wrath of Kings more then dif-reſpect, as nothing
gives them ſplendor and brightneſſe but Authority, whereof if
Soveraignty be once diſmantled, once ſtript, ſhe is ſoon trampled
upon, ſcorned and contemned: And though thoſe ſpeeches did
not take their aime directly at his Majeſty, yet did they by glance
and obliquely deeply wound him. They that make Princes mi-
nions the Buror mark of their accuſations, had need have a very
ſteady hand, for it is very difficult to aſperſe perſons ſo near the
Throne, but ſome drops will ſprinkle upon Majeſty it ſelf. Nor had
thoſe diſordered heats power enough of themſelves to operate fo
ſad an effect, had they not been ſeconded by a Declaration of the
hole Houſe of the ſame meal and leaven'd with language of equal
diſguſt to the King.
On the Monday before this dolefull dyſafter, there happened a A ſtrange
ſpectacle upon
terrible and prodigious ſpectacle upon the Thames. The water nçar
Lambeth-Marſh began about three of the clock in the afternoon
to be very turbulent, and after a while riſing like a miſt it appeared
in a circular form of about ten yards diameter, and about ten foot
elevated from the River. This Catarract or ſpout of waters was
carried impetuouſly croſſe the River, and made a very furious
aſſault upon the Garden wales of York-houſe (where the Duke was
then building his new water ſtairs) at length, after a fierce attempt,
it brake afunder, ſending up a fuliginous and dusky ſmoak, like
that iſſuing out of a Brewers chimny, which aſcended as high, as
was well diſcernible, and ſo vaniſht. And at that very inſtant there
was in the City of London, ſo dreadfull a ſtorm of rain and hail,
with thunder and lightening, as a great part of the Churchyard
wals of St. Andrewes Church in Holborne, fell down, and divers
graves being thereby diſcovered many coffins tumbled into the
middle of the channel.
It will not be amiffe now to croſſe the ſeas, and to take a Difference
view of our Kings affaires, which began to be ſullen, of an
between Engs
uniforme and not much differing complexion from thoſc at France.
home, many indications and overtures of diſcontent emerging
between
the Thames.
land and

$6
The Reign of King Charles.
the French
Ann. Chrifti between himſelf and his chief confederate and Brother Lewis of
1626. France, whereby the former amity notwithſtanding many Leni-
tives apply'd was enforced at length to yeeld to direct hoftility. In
the provocation, Lewis was the firſt, Charles in the quarrel. The
lcading occafion, this.
Seven Engliſh
During the late Treaty of marriage between England and
ſhips lent to
France, Lewes pretending a martiall deſign againſt Italy and the
Valtoline, entreated and obtained of King Fames the loan of the
Vantguard, a parcel of the Navie-Royal, and (with the owners
confent) of fix Merchants fhips more. But it being rumour'd
that Lewes intended theſe ſhips againft Rochel, then revolted
from him, King Fames (who reſolved to preſerve himſelf neuter
in that buſineſſe, liking the Rochellers Religion too well to offend
them, and their cauſe too ill to protect them) put in expreffe cau-
tion that thoſe ſhips ſhould not be imployed againſt the Rochel-
lers. But before their ſhips put forth to fea (ſoon after King
Fumes died) Lewes and the Rochellers (at the inſtance of King
Charles by his two Ambaſſadors, the Earl of Holland and Sir Dud
ly Carlton) came to an accord. This pacification gave Lewes ad-
vantage of enterprifing upon the Valtoline with greater, both
power and expedition, and invited Charles to diſpatch the Eng-
lifh ſhips for France : but no ſooner arrived they at their Port,
then that neſt of waſps at Rochel began to infeft King Lewes
again, for Subize following his old trade, took the opportunity
of the advance of the French Army for Italy, and a l' improviſte,
before they were aware, ſurpriſed the Ifle of Rhe, then incuriouſly
I guarded (fo in-ſecure did overmuch ſecurity make them) ſeiſed
many ſhips in the harbour, and bad fair for the taking of Fort.
Lewes, had not the Duke of Vendome poſted thither with relief.
Lewes finding them of the Revolt, lapſed into their wonted in-
folency, began to rouſe amain, put to ſea all the ſhips he could
procure, ſends to the Dutch for Naval aide, and demanded of
Captain Pennington the delivery of the Engliſh fhips agreeable
to his Maſters promiſe: The Captain reply'd, he took no no-
tice of any ſuch promiſe, nor of any other agreement with the
King his Maſter, then of taking in a chief Commander, and a com-
petent number of Sorldiers, not ſuperiour to the Engliſh, and to
go upon fuch imployment as his Chriftian Majefty ſhould direct,
which, he ſaid, he was ready to do: bur to deliver up the ſhips
without expreffe order from his Maſter, were a preſumptuous,
yea, a treaſonable act in him. The King of Frence perceiving the
Captain ſo incompliant, courted and tempted him with ample
promiſes of advancement, and the proffer of large ſums of ready
hus i money 3 and finding him ſtill intractable, he proceeded to proteſt
againſt him as a Traitor to his King; which proteft fo irritated
and urged the Engliſh Sea-men, then
under his command, as they
in-

The Reign of King Charles.
57
Rochel.
ftantly in a fury weighed anchor, and ſet ſail for the Downs: from Ann. Chrifti
whence the Captain ſending to our King for a further ſignification 1626.
of his pleaſure, his Majeſty rather willing to ſubmit to the hazard of
Lewes his breach of Faith, then to the blame of receding nis own
from pollicitation, returned anſwer,that His wil was that he ſhould Miſapplyed to
conſign up his own and the fix Merchant ſivips te the ſervice of his Bro- the offence at
Ther. This order foon elicited obedience in Captain Penington, and
the reſidue, ſo as they all rendered up their charge to the French.
With the conjunction of thele ſeven Engliſh, & a ſquadron of twen-
ty Dutch, under the command of Admiral Halſtein, with his own
Navy conducted by Montmorency, Lewes brake furiouſly in upon
Subize the Stafiarch the chief Rebel, forccth him from his ſtrength,
reprizeth many ſhips formerly taken by him, and ſo impetuouſly
chaſeth him, as he with much difficulty eſcaped to the Iſle of ole-
ron. Our King having advice of this miſemployment of his Ships
repugnant to their prime deſtination by compromiſe and mutual
contract, ſent an expoftulatory meſſage to his Brother, demanding
the cauſe of this violation of his Royal parole, and withall requi-
ring the reftitution of his Ships. To the breach of Promiſe the
French King returned anſwer that the Rochellers had firſt temera-
ted and flighted their Faith with him, and that neceſſity inforced
him to uſe all means to impede the progreffe of ſo great diſ-
loyalty, which he could not well doe without the aid of the Eng-
liſh Ships, his own Fleet being upon other ſervice: As to the re-
ftitution of the Ships, he replyed, That his Subjects, by whom they
were mann'd, held them contrary to his minde, and therefore wiſht
his Brother would come by them as he could. King Charles would
have none of this anſwer and while he preſſed for a better,he occaſi-
oned it, by the ſeiſure of the New-haven-ſhip ; which Lewes took
for ſufficient ground not only to keep his hold of thoſe ſeven ſhips,
but alſo to arreſt our Merchants goods in France to the value of
three hundred thouſand pounds; yet at length, either upon our Kings
re-imbarquing to the French owners their goods, or reaſon of
State (new commotions then ariſing in France) fo perſwading
Lewes in the begining of May, 1626. releaſed all our both ſhips and
goods. Upon this all was calm as could be between them again;
But this lucid interval laſted not long, there being a freſh eruption
of diſcontent upon an unhappy dyſaſter, which befel in our Queens
Court, and it was as followeth.
Fuly the 1. of this year, towards the evening, the King waited on An unhappy
by the Duke of Buckingham, the Earls of Hollandand Carlile, and accident in the
other principal Officers, came to Somerſet houſe, whither all the concerning her
Queens ſervants were commanded by a meſſage ſent the ſame day Domeſticks.
ſoon after dinner to repair and delivered his minde to them, to this
effect.
I
Gentlemen

58
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1626.
Gentlemen and Ladies,
I am driven to that extremity, as I am perfonally come to 46-
quaint you, that I very earneſtly deſire your return into France.
True it is, tbe depor:ment of ſome among ft you hath been very inof-
fenfive to me; But others again bave ſo dallyed with oxy patience,
and so highly affronted me, as I cannot, I will no longer en.
dure it.
This accuſation, though not determined to any particulars,
yet while the blame hovered over all, every ſingle was concernd
to keep it aloof; fo that one by one, they began profeffion of
their ſeveral innocencics. The Bishop of Mende anſwered, Sir,If
this accrimination be levelled at me, let me, I beſeech you, know my
fault, while I am here to make defence. And Madam S. George
ſeconding him ; Sir, I make no queſtion but the Queen will give
of me a fair teſtimonial to your Majeſty. But the King departed
with this Reparti, this ſhort reply only, I name none. The Queen,
whoſe tenerity of years, and trailty of ſex had not yet annealed
and fixt her for ſuch an encounter, upon the firſt knowledge of it
overwhelmed with the billows of paſſion, grew exceeding impe.
tuous againſt his Majeſty, imputing it to him as the outſide and
extremity of unkindeneffe, that having ſo flender a ſet and fute of
her Native friends and fervants to attend her, they muſt now be
in an inſtant all calheir'd, in whoſe lieu ſhe muſt now expect not
a train of Honor, but a guard of diſaffected ſtrangers, not to
wait ſo much upon her commands, as to watch her actions, and to
be treated liker a Priſoner then a Princeſe. That it was an highin-
dignity to the daughter of France, and Queen of England, that
ſhe could not retain a menial ſervant without a Conge d'eslier,
and precarious addreſſe. His Majeſty obſerving her thus tranſ-
ported , laboured by all gentle perſwafions to pacifie her ; but
finding the torrent too ferocient and furious for reaſon to deal
with, reſolved he was (hoping that her choler would at length
quench it ſelf with its own ebullitions and over-ſeethings) to ride
out the ſtorm, and perſiſted inflexible from his former purpoſe.
They are
Whereupon in the beginning of the next month they were con-
ſtrained to quit the Realm. A very ſad doom it was certainly to
the French, if we look upon the puniſhment abftracted and ſingled
from the fault; for many of them had made ſale of all was
theirs in France for the purchaſe of thoſe places of attendance, to
whom proſcription and baniſhment was equivalent to utter
ruine.
Their feveral But as the animadverſion was extreme ſevere ; ſo their offences
offences
were adequately and in like degree hainous: and ſuffer they might
an uniform chaſtiſement, for miſdemeanours of ſeveral makes.
The Eccleſiaſtick, ſtood charged for putting intolerable ſcorn
upon, and making Religion it ſelf doc Perance by enjoyning
her
warned out of
the Realm.
BA

The Reign of King Charles
59
her Majeſty under the notion of Penance, to goe barefoot, to ſpin, Ann. Chrifti
to wait upon her Family ſervants at their ordinary repaſts, to traſh
1626.
on foot in the mire on a rainy morning from Somerſet houſe to
Sainc Fameſes, her Confeffor mean while like Lucifer him
felt riding by hier in his Coach; but, which is worſt of all, to
make a Progreſle to Tyburn, there to preſent, her devotions.
A moſt impious piaculary, whereof the King laid acutely,
that, The Action can have no greater invectiu6 then the Re-
lation. Again the Biſhop of Mende was blamed for conteſting
over eagerly with the Earl of Holland about the Stewardſhip of
thoſe Mannors, which were ſetled upon the Queen for her Dower,
chat Office being conter'd on the Earl by the King, and the Biſhop
claiming a grant from her Majeſty. The other ſex were accuſed
of crimes of another nature, whereof Madam S. George was, as
in dignity of Office, fo in guilt, the principal; culpable ſhe was in
many particulars, but her moſt notorious and impardonable fault
was,h r being an accurſed inſtrument of ſome unkindeneſſe between
the King and Queen through a cauſeleſſe taking diſtaſte at his Ma Do
jeſty, for a repulſe from riding in the Coach with both their Ma-
jeſties, Ladies of greater eminency worthily claiming preferment.
This ſeeming diſreſpect the reſented with ſo deep diſguſt, as
ſhe ever after meditated all poſſible means not only to create
an odium and diſdain in the Queen againſt the Engliſh Ladies,
but alſo to procure a diſaffection to the King himſelf. And in
tract of time herinfinuations into the Queens credulity were ſo po-
tent', that what Madam S. George ſuggeſted, was more credential
with her, then what her husband could alleadge in contradi&ion.
So that the King perceiving Majeſty thus trampled under foot,
and the facred tyes of Wedlock,making ſuch approaches to a kinde
of nullity, through the inſtigation of hers and ſuch miſchievous
fpirits, the reſult of his realon could be rationally ſuppoſed no
other, then to evacuate and diſcharge the Kingdome of them. And
the event did highly commend the counſel, for theſe incendiaries
once calheired, the Queen who formerly ſhewed ſo much waſpith
protervity and way wardneſſe, foon fell into ſuch a mode of loving
complacence and compliance, as evidently verified, her former de-
portment was rather the product of malicious fpirits, then the
cffects of any croſſe-grained inclination of nature ; nor did the
world ever afford a couple more mutually endeared each to other,
then that Parc-Royal became after that. But though this Rem-
voy of her Majeſties ſervants imported domeſtique peace, yet was
it attended with an ill aſpect from France, though our King (ftu-
dying to preſerve fair correſpondence with his Brother) fent over
the Lord Carleton with inſtructions to repreſent a true account
of the action, with all the motives to it, but his reception was
very courſe, being never admitted to audience. For Lenes his
I 2
ears

60
The Reign of King Charles.
Cov, G Du
Bourde auc.
Ann. Chrifti cars were ſo wide open to the complaints of the proſcribed French,
1626. as in the crowd of many truths,malice had power to convey in por-
tentous lyes,one whereof is eſpecially filed upon the Record of Hi-
Mercury Fran-ſtory,by ſome French Narrators, viz. That they were caſheir’d with-
out their wages and appointment; whereas they had not only their
Cheſne,
full Debentures paid them, but (as in draught) large rewards over
and beſides, the total amounting to twenty two thouſand ſeven
hundred thirty two pound, the ſeveral parcels whereof I am able
to aſcertain and for the verity of this I appeal to Sir Henry Vane then
Cofferer to the King. But Lewes diſpatcht Monſieur the Marſhall de
Baſſompierre as extraordinary Ambaſſadour to our King, to de-
mand the reſtitution and poſtlimineation of the Queens Dome-
ſtiques; who labouring ſome months in vain for their re-eſtabliſh-
ment, was compelled at length to return home a mal-content.
Nor was it very difficult to preſage what the iſſue of his Negoti-
a tion would prove in England, conſidering how the Lord Carleton
An Embargo
was ſighted in France, and how that diſreſpect was ſeconded
of our ſhips at by an affront of a worſe quality upon our Ships at Bourdeaux, at
that very inſtant of Baffompiers imployment here. For our Mer-
chants laden with Wine at Boundeakx, in their return home , be-
ing to take in their Ordinance at Blay a Caſtle upon the Gironde,
where (according to an ancient cuſtome of diffidence in the French
towards us Engliſh they were unladen) they were all arreſted in
the beginning of November by order from the Parliament of
Roüen,upon pretence of ſome injurious depredation by the Engliſh.
This indignity King Charles ſtomacht with ſuch vchemency of
ſpirit, as he reſolved upon hoſtility with France, as ſhall appear in
the Narrative of the enſuing year.
Sb Before I remove from hence, let me here offer at an Aphoriſm
and State-fyllogiſm, that is from thoſe premiſed and fore-recited
differences to infer, that Confederations and alliances between
Princes are rarely long-lived; the reaſon ( I conceive ) is, be-
cauſe they are not fouldered by any magnetique of Love, but by
occult intereſt of State, and therefore pendulous upon the variety
and muration of affaires. And for the moſt part they are occa-
fioned by a Fear, either mutual of each others, or in conjunction
of a third power , (ſo that ſuch Leagues may more properly be
called Leagues of meticulofity and fear, then of amity) whereby
ir comes to paſſe, that if the ballance of power be nor equilibra-
ted, very evenly poyſed, that Prince who hath the oddes of in-
clination either in reality or fuppofition, will foon finde and ex-
cogitate for his own advantage matter of pretext to retire from
his Faith, and to temerate the Laws of Alliance ; nor can any
verbal formality in the frame of the Treaties ſecure, nor the Oaths
(the ſtrongeſt ligaments of humane ſociety) by which they are
ratified , be defenſatives ſufficient againſt any, who hath a genius
and

The Reign of King Charles.
61
and minde to violate his fidelity, cſpecially when the difference is Ann. Chriſti
like to receive no other deciſion then what the ſword yeelds. And 1626.
if ſuch Alliances have the hap to be entertained with a ſerious and
cordial diſpoſition on both parts, yet many traverſes and untoward
accidents fortuitouſly and by chance occur, which either not
managed to the beſt behoof of correſpondence, or feconded by
counſels of an ill temper,carry along with them fatal conſequences,
and generate a Rupture. So it fell out in this quarrel between us
and France, wherein whether either merited the total of the
blame gencrally imputed to them, may occaſion further diſqui-
fition.
That the imbarque and ſtay of our ſhips at Blay by Lewes his
command was an infringement of the League, it is conceded, no
evaſion can be deviſed for it. But that he brake his Faith (as is ge-
nerally ſuggeſted and urged againſt him) in uſing the feven
(hips againlt Rochal, changing thereby the property of their
prime deſtination, I under favour fuperſede my affent. My
reaſon is ;
All promiſes whatſoever, carry always about them, tacite Sal
vo's and ſavings of general and imply'd conditions ; whereof one
is, That affairs keep their ſtation, and vary not from what they were
at the moment of pollicitation : for words cannot oblige be-
yord the minde, and it would be deſtructive to humane ſociety,
ſhould a man be bound up by the ſtrictneffe of his parole, to the
performance of what (upon rational principles ) neither himſelf
would have granted, nor another have required of him at the
firſt inſtant of the contract. And this was Lewes his caſe : for
when he firſt paſt that promiſe, he had at home a confiderable
Armado, the greateſt part whereof he might, and would have
reſerved to engage againſt Rochel, and confequently have dif-
poſed the Engliſh ſhips agreeable to his firſt purpoſe. But that
Navy being now abroad, and too remote to bring timely aid,
not to uſe all imaginable means in order to his own ſafety for Tão diveni.
the crulhing of thoſe Revolters, had been to betray himſelf to fpcy red by me
inevitable ruine. For in periclitations and dangers of ſo eminent prezi sa v roce
a degree, it is to none denyed to uſe all the wits they have : vdeverêu
therefore even amongſt the Romans, the moſt ſteady and pun- Thucyd. lib.i.
Etual obſervers of Faith, there was a law, and they tell us enact-Jupiter ipje
ed by Fupiter himſelf, which juſtifyed all actions whereby the Cancivit ut om
.
Common-wealth might be preſerved; therefore though parodox it falutaria effent,
may ſeem, and out of the rode of common beleef, yet ſecing juſta ( legitia
none can convince it for heterodox, and repugnant to truth, in Cic. Philip...
this particular we may pronounce that Lewes did break rather his
word, then his Faith.
King Charles is taxed for violating the Matrimonial Pa& by
the Renvoy and diſcarding of the Queens Domeſtiques. An ac-
cuſation

62
Ibe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti cuſation, which if it hath ſomewhat of truth, it hath I am ſure
1626. more of partiality; for why ſhould he be fingled out in the accri-
mination, who was not ſingle in the crime? not only other Princes,
but Lewes himſelf having been guilty of a ſimilary practice upon
the Spaniſh retinue of his own Queen. But Precedenis are no
Standards,nor can they legitimate illegal actions; this therefore no
juſt vindication of our King, whoſe honour will (if I miſtake nor)
finde better relief from the Agreement it felf, then from ex-
ample.
The Article urged againſt him is the fourteenth, by which it
was contracted, That all the Domeſtique ſervants which the Queen
Mould bring over into England, ſhould be natural French and
Catholiques, choſen by the moſt Chriftian King. And in caſe of
death, ſhe to chuſe others Catholiques of France, provided the
King of Great Britain ſhould affent. Hereby it appeareth that
her firſt ſet was to be of her Brothers Election, and ſo they
were. But how long they ſhould continue their attendance, and
that eje&tment (in caſe of miſdemeanour) might not create a va-
cancy as well as death, nothing is expreſſly limited to the con-
trary : and indeed it cannor in reaſon be conceived, that the Ar-
ticles ſhould give them a longer tearm, then during an cbedience
ſutable to their Offices, or ſtate them in ſuch an indefciſable te-
nure, as might tempt them to all kinde of infolence againſt their
Superiours. So then their condition being pendulous upon their
good behaviour, which no doubt, (as is evident by their Oath
clientelary, and of Fidelity formed in the fifteenth Article) was
equally relative to either Majeſty, I cannot but totally acquit
King Charles of blame in proſcribing ſuch as refractarily offended.
To proceed.
Whileft theſe two Kings were thus picking quarrels one with
the other, very ſad news came hither from Germany, That the
King of Denmark, notwithſtanding the lare aid ſent from Eng-
land of fix thouſand men under the conduct of Sir Charles Mor-
gan, had on the 17. of Auguſt received a total overthrow by
Tilly, and was reduced to ſuch diſtreſfe, that if preſent ſuccour
came not he was ruined for ever. That the sound was like to be
lofts the Engliſh Garriſon at Stoade ſtraightly beſieged; our Eaſt.
land Trade and ſtaple at Hamborough, where our clothes are vented,
almoſt given up for gone.
Though theſe ſtorms appeared as Land-skaps and aloof, yet the
King forcſaw thac as the winde lay, their impreſſion was like
foon to viſit him at home, and at home he was in no good plight
to bear up againſt them, matters going there with him corre-
ſpondently ill.
A Navy pre-
For having ſent out a Fleet of thirty fail, all men of War, in
pared for Ron the begininning of October, under the command of the Lord Wil-
longhby:

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
63
loughby, and Earl of Denbigh, an hideous ſtorm ſo ruffled them, as Ann. Chrifti
they had much ado to gain tafe harbour; and well they eſcaped ſo, 1626.
for they were of ſo ſlight and inſufficient a ſtructure, as had they
been but an hundred leagues faither off, very few, if any, had re-
covered land.
But it is an ill wind blows none to good, and this boyſtrous guſt
was a friendly contrivance of providence for the Earl of Denbighs
advantage, there falling out an unhappy accident in his abſence,
which called and ſpeedily too, for all was man in him.
The Marqueffe Hamilton had been long, and earneſtly ſolicited Marqueſe
by the Duke to marry his Neece, this Earles daughter. The Mar. Hamilton de-
partcth in dif-
quefle had a minde as high as (ſome thought above) his extraction, pleaſure.
and did account that Earls daughter, who was (though well deri-
ved) but yeſterday Sir William Fielding, impar congreffus, and no
fit match : at length the King interpoſeth his deſire,and Princes de-
fires are equiparate to commands ; ſo in the end the Marquofſecon
ſents, and weds her, but with a ſerious reſolution never to bed her :
all fair and gentle means were uſed both by the King and Duke to
perſwade him to become her bed-fellow, and that failing they
ſteer'd a courſe quite contrary, and diveſted him of his place in the
Spicery, worth two thouſand five hundred pound per annum. Upon
this the Marquelle mal-content, a week before the Earls return, de-
parts for Scotland, bidding the Court (as it was ſuppoſed) an eternal
valediction. The Earl no ſooner landed, then he was faluted with
the news of his ſon in laws departure; whereupon he takes poſt a-
main after him, and after many denyals, at laſt with earneſt impor-
tunity reduced him to the Court; yet all the art and Royal power
could not induce him to bed her, untill two years after, and not then
without ſome ſeeming reluctation.
The King being thus on every ſide on the loſing hand, he was The King in
much diſtreſſed in minde what courſe to take to diſcharge himſelf want.
of thoſe impendent calamities; ſhould he call a Parliament, the
time (whoſe cvery moment was precious to him) would not permit
to ſtay for their convention; and when mer, ſhould they prove (as
it was odds they would) as dilatory and diſguftful as the former, he
were in a worſe condition then before. In this perplexed difficulty,
ar length his Councel agreed to ſet that great engine his Preroga-
rive on work, many projects were hammered on that Forge, but
they came all to ſmall cffe&t. Firft they moved for a contribution
by way of Benevolence, but this was ſoon daiht; then a reſolution
was taken to cnhance the value of Coyn two ſhillings in the pound,
but this alſo was ſoon argued down by Sir Robert Cotton, but that Raiſeth mo-
which the Councel ſtuck cloſeſt to, was the iſſuing of a Commiſ- nies by Loan,
fion, dated the 13. of October, for rayfing of almoſt two hundred
thouſand pounds by way of Loan; and the more to expedite and fa-
cilitate this levy, the Commiſſioners were inſtructed to repreſent
to

64
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Dr. Andrews B.
Ann. Chriſti
to the ſubject the deplorable eſtate of Rochel, then cloſely be-
1626. leager'd by the Duke of Guiſe, and if not ſpeedily relieved, would
fall irrecoverably into the hands of the enemies of the Proteſtant
Rcligion.
Theſe were plauſible inſinuations. For Rochel though ſituated
in another Countrey, yet was looked upon as in the fame parallel of
belief with us. And what will not men ſuffer for others of the ſame
perſwafion; eſpecially when fame reports them ſufferers, becauſe
of the ſame perſwafion? Label alle
But all would not ſmooth the aſperity of this illegal Tax; Ro-
chel and all other forain confiderations muſt ſtand by, when home-
bred liberty is difputed; fo thought the almoft moty of the King-
Many refuſe. dome, who oppoled it to Durance. Upon this account of refuſal
priſoners, ſome of the Nobility, and moſt of the prime Gentry
were daily brought in by ſcores, I might almoſt ſay by Counties,
ſo that the Councel Table had almolt as much work to provide
Priſons as to ſupply the Kings neceffities.
This year learning loft two luminaries of the greateſt magnitude
that ever this Nation enjoy'd.
Firſt, that ſtupendiouſly profound Prelate Dr. Andrews Biſhop
OfWinchefter of Wincheſter, an excellent diſputant, in the orientall tongues ſur-
paffing knowing, ſo ftudioully devoted to the Doctrine of the anci-
ont Fathers as his extant works breath nothing but their faith, nor
car we now read the Fathers in his writings more then we could
have done in his very aſpect, geſture and actions, ſo venerable in
his preſence, ſo grave in his motions, ſo pious in his converſation;
ſo primitive in all. Briefly, in him was, what was deſirable in a
Biſhop, and that to admiration.no
Secondly, the then, and laſt Lord Chancellor Sir Francis Bacon
count St; 41- Vicount St. Albans, for humane learning his ages miracle, but
*** withall the mirrour of humane frailty; and as moſt eminent in in-
tellectual abilities, ſo too much in his prudential failings, occafioned
by his Auguſt and Noble ſoul, which diſdaining all droſſie and ter-
rene conſideration, never deſcended to know the value of money,
until he wanted its and his want was ſo great, as when he yeelded to
the Law of Nature, he left not of his cwn enough to defray the
charge of his Funeral rites.
He lyeth interred in the Church of St. Michael at St. Albans in
Hartfordſhire, and hath there a fair ſtatuary monument erected for
him of white Marble at the coſt of Sir Thomas Meautis, his ancient
ſervant, who was not neerer to him living then dead: for this
om de Sir Thomas ending his life about a ſcore of years after, it was his
8 d. Vid ei lot to be inhumed ſo nigh his Lords Sepulchre, that in the form-
ing of his grave, part of the Viconints body was expoſed to view;
which being fpyed by a Doctor of Pbyſick, he demanded the head
to be given him, and did moſt ſhamefully diſport himſelf with
that
And the vi-
bans.

The Reign of King Charles. 65
Soules.
that ſhell which was ſome-while the continent of ſo vaſt treaſures of Ann. Chriſti
knowledge.
1627.
The Commiſſion of Loan not anſwering in its product his
Majeſties expectation, the Papiſts began now to plot their own
advantage from the Kings wants, and under pretence of Loyalty,
chey of Ireland propounded to him that upon confideration of a
Toleration of their Religion, they would at their own charge fur-
niſh him with a conſtant Army of five thouſand foot and five hun-
dred horſe. But this project to their great regret proved dow-
baked, the Proteſtants countermining them, for in the next Spring
Doctor Downham Biſhop of London - Derry, preaching before the
Lord Deputy and the whole State, Aprill the 22. taking for his
text Løke 1.74. That we being delivered from the hands of our
enemies, migbt ſerve him without fear; In the middeſt of his Sermon,
he openly read this Proteſtation ſubſcribed by the Archbiſhops and
all the Biſhops of that Kingdome.
1. The Religion of the Papiſts is ſuperſtitious and Idolatrous.
2. Their Faith and Doctrine Erroneous and Heretical.
3. Their Church in reſpect of both Apoftatical.
To give them therefore a Toleration, is to make our felves
accesary to their abominations, and to the perdition of their
But to ſell them a Toleration, is to fet Religion to ſale, and
with that their ſoules which Christ hath redeemed with his preci-
The Biſhop having ended this proteſtation, added, And let all
the people can Amen, which they did, ſo as the Church almoft
ſhook with the noiſe. The Deputy required of the Biſhop a copy
of both his Sermon and Proteſtation, who anſwered, He would
moſt willingly juſtifie it before his Majeſty, and feared not who
read it.
And about the ſame time the like offer was made here in England, Sir Fohn Savils
co ſet forth ſhips and men for the ſafegard of the narrow Seas; But projeâ againſt
old Sir Fohn Savil found a trick worth two of that he had a pro- pifts
.
the Engliſh Pa-
ject would bring in double that mony, ſaying,a Commiſſion to pro-
ceed againſt Recuſants for their thirds due to his Majeſty by Law
would do it; to which the King in part condeſcended, granting
him and ſome others a Commiſſion for the parts beyond Trent.
But though moneys came in but flowly, yet was the Naval force
compleated for expedition about Midſummer, whereof the
Duke appeared Admirall, as ambitious by fome meritorious
ſervice to earn a better guft, or correct the univerſal odium a-
gainſt him.
Fune the 27, he fet fail from Portſmouth with about fix thouſand The adion of
Horſe and Foot, and Fuly the 21. he publiſhed this Manifeſto, de- Rhe.
claring the impulſive cauſes of his Majeſties prefent arming.
К.
What
ous blood.

66
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
What part the Kings of Great Britain have always
1627. taken in the affaires of the reformed Churches of this
Kingdome, and with what care and zeal they have la-
boured for the good of them, is manifeſt to all, and
the examples of it are alſo as ordinary as the occafions
have been. The now King my moſt honoured Lord
and Maſter,comes nothing ſhort of his Predeceſſors
therein, if his good and laudable defigns for their good
had not been perverted to their ruine, by thoſe who
had the moſt intereſt for their accompliſhment. What
advantages hath he refuſed? what parties hath he not
fought unto? that by his alliance with France he might
work more profitably and powerfully the reſtitution
of thoſe Churches into their ancient libercy and
fplendor. And what could be beſt hoped by ſo ftri&
an alliance, and from ſo many reiterated promiſes,
by the mouth of a great Prince, but effe&s truly Roial
and ſorting with his Geatneſſe? But ſo far fails it
therein, that his Majeſty in ſo many promiſes and ſo
ſtrait obligation of friendſhip, hath found means to
obtain liberty and ſurety for the Churches, and to re-
ſtore peace to France by the reconciliation of thoſe
whoſe breath utters nothing elle but all man.
ner of obedience to their King under the liberty
of the edi&s ; that contrariwiſe they have prevailed
by the intereſt which he had in thoſe of the Religion
to deceive them, and by this means not only to untie
him from them, but alſo to make him (if not odious
unto them) at the leaſt ſuſpected, in perverting the
meanes which he had ordained for good, to a quite
contrary end.
end. Witneſſe the Engliſh ſhips not defig-
ned for the extirpation of theſe of the Religion (but,
to the contrary, expreffe promiſe was made, that
they ſhould not be uled againſt them) which not-
withſtanding were brought before Rochel and were
imployed againſt them in the laft Sea-fight; what
then may be expe&ed from ſo puiffant a King, as the
King

The Reign of King Charles. 67
King my Maſter ſo openly eluded, but a through Ann. Chriſti
feeling equal and proportioned to the injuries recei- . 1627.
ved ? but his patience hath gone beyond patience and
as long as he had hope that he could benefit the
Churches by any other means, he had no recourſe by
way of armes , fo far,that having been made an inſtru-
ment and worker of the late Peace, upon conditions
diſadvantagious enough and which would never have
been accepted without his Majeſties intervention,
who interpoſed his credit and intereſt to the
Churches to receive them (even with threatnings) to
the end to ſhelter the honor of the moſt Chriſtian
King, under aſſurance of his part, not only for the
accompliſhment, but alſo for the bettering of the
ſaid conditions, for which he fends caution to the
Churches.
But what hath been the iſſue of all this, but only
an abuſe of his goodneſſe? and that which his Majeſty
thought a ſoveraign remedy for all their ſores, hath it
not brought almoſt the lalt blow to the ruine of the
Churches? It wanted but little by continuing the
Fort before Rochel, (the demoliſhing whereof was
promiſed) by the violence of the Souldiers, and Gar-
ritons of the ſaid Fort and Ifles, as well upon the inha-
bitants of the ſaid Town, as ſtrangers; in lieu whereas
they ſhould wholly have retired, have daily been
augmented, and other Forts built, and by the ſtay of
Commiſſioners in the ſaid Town beyond the term a-
greed on, to the end to inake broiles, and by the means
of the diviſion which they made to open the gates to
the neighbouring Troops, and by other withſtandings
and infra&tions of Peace, little, I ſay, fail'd it that the
ſaid Town, and in it all the Churches had not drawn
their laſt breath. And in the mean while his Majeſty
hath yet continued, and not oppoſed ſo many inju-
ries, ſo many faith-breakings,but by plaints and trea-
tings untill he had received certain advice/confirmed
K 2
by

68
Ibe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti by intercepted Letters) of the great preparation that
1627. the moſt Chriſtian King made to ſhowre upon Rochel
And then what could his Majeſty do leſſe but to vin-
dicate his honor by a quick arming againſt thoſe who
had made him a party in their deceit,and to give teſti-
mony of his integrity and real, which he hath alwayes
had for the re-eſtabliſhing of the Churches, which ſhall
be dear and precious to him above any other thing?
The firſt deſign of this Fleet was intended againſt Fort-Lewes up-
on the continent neer Rochel. But we were diverted by a ſtratagem
of the Duke d'Angoulefm, who (coming with three thouſand Foor,
and two hundred Horſe, for the ſecurity of the Fort, and annoyance
of Rochel) ordered his Quarter-maſters to take up as much accom-
modation in the Villages for quarters, as would ſuffice for fifteen
chouſand men, and they of the Religion ſuppoſing the power to be
agreeable to this area or content of ground poffeffed by them, fent
ſpeedy advice thereof to the Duke and Subize, who inſtantly directed
their courſe toward the Ife of Rhe.
Fuly the 30. the Engliſh early in the morning ſhewed them-
ſelves upon the Iſlands of Oleron to the number of about twenry
fail: upon their firſt diſcovery from land they were ſuppoſed to
be Dankerks waiting the motion of the Hollanders then in the road,
but when it was perceived that they made nearer approches to-
ward the ſhore of the Iſeof Rhe, and withall grew more nume-
rous, and the Hollanders taking no alarm, they were then fuſ-
pected to be Engliſh. The next day they ſent in twelve ſhips to
guard the entry of Port-Breten, falling down with the reſt to a
Fort of the iffe of Rhe, called de la Pree, againſt which they played
with their Canon, untill they made their approaches within Muf-
ket ſhot of the ſhore, which made sieur de Toiras Governour of
the Citadel of St. Martin think they had intentions of landing
there, to impcde which he made out all the ſtrength he could, but
we kept the French at that diſtance with our Ordinance, as gave
us liberty to land about twelve hundred men. The enemy being
about one thouſand Horſe and Foot beſides Voluntiers, made a
very gallant impreſſion upon us, but coming counter and travers
of our Canon, they received the greater loffe; the total of thoſe
who fell on both ſides was eſtimated at about nine hundred, where-
of the enemy bare the greater ſhare. Men of note fain of our
party were Sir William Heyden, and Sieur de Blancard, a French
man, Agent from the Duke of Rhoan, and the Proteſtants. Of
the French the Governours brother, the Baron of Chuntal, and
about half a ſcore more.
In

The Reign of King Charles.
69
9
In this skirm ſh it was hard to diſtinguiſh which ſide won the Ann. Chriſti
field, ſeeing neither kept it, both retreating to their holds, we to 1627.
our ſhips, they to their Garriſon, where for three daycs all was w
ſo 'ft, ſo calm on both ſides, as if they had ſworn a Truce, or
had ipent their hole ſtock of valour. At length the Duke per-
ceiving the French had as little ſtomach as himſelf, went on ſhore
again, intrenching bimſelf, untill he had debarqued all his Horſe:
then he diſpatcht Subize, and Sir William Beecher to Rochel for a.
recruite; who returning with five hundred Foot, they forthwith
marched directly towards St. Martins Fort, ( diſdaining to attempt
La Pre,which a ſlender aſſault would have ſubdued and might have
proved an handſome and ſafe place of retrcat in their future neceſ-
ſity.) The Illanders upon his approach to their town Aled into the
Caſtle, and left the Town to his diſpoſe, who thought it was an
earneſt of the Citadel it ſelf, though the ſenſe of their Councel of
War, eſpecially of Sir John Burronghs, was clearly otherwiſe
and that a ſtrength ſo mann'd and fortify'd, and in an Enemies
Countrey, was almoſt inexpugnable. But notwithſtanding all diſ-
(waſions of his Councel, the Duke fals to circumvallation and en-
trenchment, rearing many batteries, from whence he pelted the
Fort for the ſpace of two months together, though to little purpoſe;
all the prejudice the enemy that way received, being not equivalent
to ours in the loſſe of that gallant Gentleman Sir Fobn Burroughs, Sir John Bur-
who was ſain with a Musket ſhot from the Citadel, while he was
viewing the Engliſh Works,and after nobly and honorably interred
at Weſtminſter. It is ſaid, that during this fiege, there was taken by
the Engliſh perdu, a French man with a ponyard of an odde faſhion,
wherewith as he confeſſed) he was ſent by Toyras to have ſtabb’d
the Duke, which moved the Duke to poyſon their freſh Springs ;
whereby, and for want of other ſupplyes they were at once reduced
almoſt to the point of yeelding; when in the very joynt and
nick of neceſſity, Mounſieur Balin ar an high flood, in the dead
of night conveyed in twelve Pinnaces laden with ſuch proviſi-
on, as bare up their drooping ſpirits untill freſh relief arrived.
which came ſucceſſively in ſmaller parcels, until the Marſhall of
Schomberg, October 29. about three of the clock in the morning,
the Engliſh taking no Alarm, under the favour of the Fort de
la Pree landed four thouſand foot and two hundred horſe, where-
with about day-break he marched up to the view of the Fort and of
the Engliſh. The Duke much ſtartled ar this ſo ſtrange apparition,
and finding it a formidable power, being loth to endure an en-
gagement front and rear, reſolved to riſe and be gone; to which
end he ſent three hundred to guard the Bridge over which his
Army was to paſſe unto the Ife of Looſe; but before he could be
ready to march away, the enemy were drawing out of the little
Fort, whereupon command was given to haften away with all ex-
pedition.
roughs flain.

70
The Reign of King Charles.
routed.
Ann. Chrifti pedition. But before the Engliſh were out of the Town, the ene-
1627. my followed their Rear with their ſwords drawn, hollowing to
us in a bravado, whereupon being got Muſquet fhot from the
Town, we were all drawn into battalia, thinking the Enemy
would charge, but they would advance no neerer:then we mar-
ched in Military order again, and coming through a Village, we
placed our Muſqueteers behind the wals in Ambuſcado, which
giving fire upon their Enemies Horſe as they were coming that
way, enforced them to retreat. Having marched about three miles
further we came to many little bils, which we aſcended, and under-
neath ſet our men again in Battalia, ſtaying there almoſt an hour
before we marched away. In the interim the enemy, which were
before a mile and half diſtant from us, came almoſt up to us, and
facing us from the tops of the hils, obſerved in what poſture we
marched. Then were drawn forth fome Muſqueteers of the For-
lorn, to ſhoot at thoſe upon the hils, and to play upon their
Horſes. But as we marched away they ſtill approched necrer to
us, untill we came to a paſſage which was ſo narrow, having
falt-pits on either ſide, as we could only march fix a breaſt. The
The Engliſh French now ſpying his opportunity, powred forth a great polee
of ſhot againſt us, then we began to march as faſt as pofſible. Bur
as our Rear began to march, their Horſe preſently charged the
Lord Montjoyes Troops, who turning tail rode in amongſt our
ranks, and routed us, (which Sir Charles Rich perceiving, cry'd, as
it is reported, Kill him, kill him, though he be my brother) ſo that
the greateſt part began to ſhift for themſelves, and confuſedly ran
away, many caſting away their arms, others leaping into the
water were cut off. The other diviſions of the Horſe fell upon
Sir William Coninghams Troops, but they moſt bravely fought it
out unto the laſt man; had the Lord Montjoy done the like, there
had not a quarter ſo many periſhed. In this time we could not
charge the Enemy becauſe our Horſe interpoſed betwixt us and
them, and we could not annoy the Enemy, but we muſt more
endanger our own fellowes. By this means all thoſe Regiinents
in the Rear were cut off, and ſome of thoſe in the Battail; the
Enemy charging us even to the Bridge, where ſome of our com-
manders made a ſtand to receive them, and being nor feconded
by the ſouldiers who leapt into the water, were moſt of them
flain ; and had not Sir Edward Conways who led the Van marched
back to the Bridge, and gallantly repelled the Enemy, who were
newly paſſed over the Bridge, we had been all Nlain. Now the
enemy being driven on the other fide, we left a ſelect company of
Muſqueteers to guard that Paffe untill night, when we burnt the
Bridge, lodged that night in the Looſe, and the next day went
on board. The black Bill of this days mortality was about fifty
Officers, of common ſouldiers few leífe then-two thouſand, Priſo-
The fum of
their loffe.
ners

The Reign of King Charles. (71)
1627.
ners of note thirty five, colours taken forty four, hung up as An Ann. Chriſti
themes at Paris, in the Church of Notre Dame. Honour loſt, all we
got at Azincourt. The Priſoners Lewes gratiouſly diſmiſt home, as
an affectionate offertory to his Siſter the Queen of England:
which made up another victory fuperadded to the former, and a
conqueſt over us as well in the exerciſe of civilities, as in fear of
Arms.Only the Lord Montjoy was ranſomed, for which he offering
to the French King a round ſum. No my Lord, it's ſaid the King
replyed, your redemption full be only two couple of Hounds from
England. Some interpreted this a fiender value of that Lord to be
exchanged for a couple of Dogs, but it was only in the King a
modeſt eſtimate of his curtefic.
Thus were we I know not whether more, or chaced out or de-
ſtroyed in this fatall Jíle, an Ide fo inconfiderable as had we loſt
there neither bloud nor honour, and gained it in to the bargain,
it would have ill rewarded our preparation and charge of the ex-
pedition.
Great enterpriſes are fit entertainments for heroique ſpirits,
and the ambition of them is noble. But as the achievement
of them is glorious, ſo the failing ſhamefull, and the both glory
and diſcredit commenſurate with the intereſt of the Agent, and
conſequently Adventurers in chief have the greateſt ſhew both
in the honour and diſgrace; ſo it fared with the Duke, whom
this misfortune made principally obnoxious to the laſh of wanton
tongues, for upon his firft weighing anchor and ſetting fail home-
ward, the French ſaid in a jeer, Though the Duke could not take
the Cittadel of St. Martins, yet it was odds but he would take
the Tower of London. Nor did his own Countrey ſpare him at
home, for immediately upon his return Doctor Moore a Prebend of
Wincheſter, a man of an acute but aculeated wit, took occaſion
to cite in his Sermon that of Auguſtus in Tacitus, Quintili
Vare redde Legiones, which faith the Hiſtorian periſhed
propter infcitiam do temeritatem Ducis, giving him a quaint
wipe with the amphibology the double-mindedneſſe of the
word Dux: In this he was exceeding that in the face of Majeſty
he found all ſerene, only the King told him what Sir Sackvile
Crow had written to him of a far greater loſſe then he acknow-
ledged. It written to him
During this expedition, George Abbot Archbiſhop of Canterbu-
ry was compelled to a re-ceſſe not inglorious to his fame, and of in-
finite contentment to his mind, which fecluded from the drudgery
of temporall cares might holely intend thoſe which concern'dcter-
nity. Being fequeftred from his function, and a Commiſſion da-
ted October 9. granted by the King to five Biſhops, Biſhop Laud
being of the Quorum to execute Epiſcopall juriſdiction within his
Province. The declared impulfive to it was a ſuppoſed irregula-
rity
ole then be ac

(92) The Reign of King Charles.
in the Star-
chamber.
Ann. Chriſti rity in him by reafon of an homicide committed by him per infor-
1627. tunium upon the Keep:r of his game (about fix years before) by the
unhappy glance of an Arrow levelld at a Deer; upon which fad
miſchance a former Commiffion was awarded by King James to
enquire whether he was thereby rendred uncapable of officiating
as Archbiſhop.yea, or nay. And although no arguments were pre-
termitted which the wit of potent malignity could device or ſuggeſt
againſt him,yet was he by the hole court (acquieſcing in the opinion
of thoſe two learned men, Biſhop Andrews, and Sir Henry Mar-
tin who both ſtrenuouſly vindicated him) pronounced Re-
gular.
Next Michaelmas Tearm there was an high debate concerning
the Loan Recufants, they Petitioning the Kings Bench for an Habeas
Corpus, the Attorney General alledging they were not bailable, and
their Councel affirming they were, by reaſon the cauſe of their
Commitment was not declared in the Warrant ; but notwithſtand-
ing their Councel pleaded with great applauſe, yet were they con-
ſtrained to bide by it.
The Lady Pur In this ſame tearm the Lady Purbech was tryed in the High
bech cenſured Commiſſion for incontinence, or to ſpeak more explicitely, for
Adultery with Sir Robert Howard, and being found guilty was con-
ſured to do Penance in the Savoy, to pay the Court five hundred
Marks, and to be impriſoned during the pleaſure of the Court.
But being in the Chriſtmas after purſued by the Officers to do her
penance, ſhe was reſcued by the Savey Ambaſladour, her next
neighbour, and ſo eſcaped their clutches.
Penance and reſtraint were indeed ſomewhat unfeaſonable at a
time of ſuch Jovial feſtivity and indulged freedome. And the li-
berty of that time mindes me of what then occurred joco-ferioufly,
between jeſt and earneſt, paſt at the interview of two great
Princes.
A fray in Fleet That Chriſtmas the Temple Sparks had enſtalled a Lieutenant,
a thing we Country folk call a Lord of Miſrule: This Liemtenant
had on Twelfth Eve late in the night ſent out to collect his
rents in Ramme- Alley, and Fleetſtreet, limiting five Abillings to
every houſe. At every door they winded their Temple-horn ,
and if it procured not entrance at the ſecond blaſt or ſummons,
the word of command was then, Give fire, Gunner. This Gwn.
ner was a robuſtious Vulcan, and his engine a mighty Smiths
hammer. The next morning the Lord Mayor of London was made
acquainted therewith and promiſed to be with them the next night
commanding all that Ward, and alſo the Watch to attend him
with their Halberds. Ar the hour prefixt the Lord Mayor with his
train marched up in Martial equipage to Ramme- Alley: Ouit
came the Lieutenant with his füit of Gallants, all armed in cuer-
poi One of the Halberdiers bad the Lieutenant come to my Lord
Mayor
ftreet.

The Reign of King Charles.
73
1627
trcy,
Mayor; No, ſaid the Lieutenant, Let the Lord Mayor come to me. Ann. Chriſti
But this controverſie was ſoon ended, they advancing cach to 1627.
other till they met half way, then one of the Halberdiers repro-
ved the Lieutenant for ſtanding covered before the Lord Mayor ;
the Lieutenant gave ſo croſſe an anſwer, as it begat as croſſe a
blow, which the Gentlemen not brooking, began to lay about
them : but in fine,the Lieutenant was knockt down and ſore wound-
ed, and the Halberdiers had the better of the ſwords. The Lord
Mayor being thus maſter of the field, took the Lieutenant , and
haled, rather then led him to the Counter, and with indignation
thruſt him in at the priſon gate, where he lay till the Atturney Gene.
ral mediated for his enlargement, which the Lord Mayor granted
upon condition he ſhould ſubmit and acknowledge his fault. The
Lieutenant readily embraced the motion, and the next day per-
forming the condition, ſo ended this Chriſtmas Game,
In Fanuary, the Duke finding the poor remains of his late Ar- Souldiers billet
my ſomewhat boiſtrous for want of pay, to prevent a mutiny,bil- in the coun-
leted them by ſmall parcels in the countrey Villages, which made
the Countrey people have cold chear, though hot fires; being not
more burthened, then frighted with thofe gueſts, who being moſt
ſtrangers, Iriſh, and Scots, were none of the civilleft, and ſuch
Hybernal ſtations having never been heard of before in England
in time of peace, the jealoufies of ſubſequent calamities doub-
led the ſenſe of the preſent, and ſo ſwelled up their terrours ſtill
higher. At the ſame conjuncture of time Sir William Balfore a
Scot, and eminent Commander of Horſe in the Netherlands,was
imployed thither by the King with bils of exchange of thirty
thouſand pounds to buy and tranſport a thouſand Horſe into
England for the ſervice of his Majeſty; and Dalbier a Dutch man,
ſometimes belonging to Count Mansfield, was joyned in Com-
miſſion with him : ſo that the common man began to mutter, as
if there were ſome Turkiſh tyranny in deſign.
On the other ſide the King was infinitely perplext, and di-
ſtracted with reſtleſſe thoughts, theſe diſcontents of the Subject
were not ſtill-born, but cryed ſo lowd as reached to his ſacred
cars; he ſtudyed all means to diſabuſe them and remove their
jealouſies, declaring he diſdained to harbour any ſuch unkingly
thoughts, and that he had a greater love for them then ſo, and
deſired he might at leaſt eaſe their mindes , ſeeing he could not ( as
matters ſtood
with him at preſent their
purſes.
And in truth his exigents were paſſing great, the King of Den-
mark being reduced almoſt to a defpondence, and quitting of his
Kingdome, our Garriſon governed by Colonel Morgan exceedingly
ſtraightned, and the Rochellers crying amain for help.
For the Duke being returned from the Iſle of Rhe, the King of
France reſolved upon a ſerious and formidable fiege againſt Rochel,
L
and

74
The Reign of King Charles.
The Rochellers
aide,
Ann. Chrifti and agreeable to the artient advice of Montluc, an. 1573. proſecuted
1627
all ways to ſubdue the Town by Famine, ordered an entire circum-
vallation towards the Continent, builded three Forts with many re-
doubts upon the entrenchment, whoſe line was three leagues in cir-
cumference, and diſtant from the town ſomewhat more then Mus-
quet ſhot , all this to preclude and hinder relief on that fide. But
what would a Land-obſtruction advantage while the Sca adve-
nues were open ? therefore the Cardinal of Richelieu, who was
chief in the manage of that affair, attempted the making of a
mighty Barricado, and Travers croſſe the Channel, in length
about fourteen hundred yards, leaving a ſpace in the middle for the
flux and reflux of the Sea.
The Rochellers perceived by the ſcantling and grandure of this
crave the Kings
preparation, the natural iſſue could be no other then their ruine,
unleſſe they ſhould render it abortive by ſome counter-plot: this
their diſtreſſe hurrieth and ferrieth over again Subize and their
Deputies to England, to ſolicite our King for freſh ſupplies be-
fore the prodigious work ſhould be completed; who (good Prince)
affected with their miſeries, and deſirous rather to protect them
from being flaves, then to enable them to be Maſters, conde-
ſcended to aſſure them of what afſiſtance he could make. But
alas ! what could his aſſiſtance fignifie, who was necefſitous
as themſelves? Did they want Men, Ammunition, Ships?
ſo did he, ſeeing he wanted that which was all theſe, Money. And
how, where ſhall that be had : His laſt borrowing Commiffi-
ons, was a courſe ſo diſpleaſing to the ſubject, as would not ad-
mit of re-petition, and it would prove an odde payment of that
Loans arrears to demand another. But the King was now the
Subject of a greater Potentate then himſelf, Neceſſity; and this ne-
ceflity put him upon ſeveral projects. Firſt he borroweth of the
Common Councel of London one hundred and twenty thouſand
pounds, for which and other debts he aſſures unto them twenty
one thouſand pounds per annum of his own lands, and of the
Eaſt-India Company thirty thouſand pounds, and yet he wants :
Nexi privy Seals are ſent out by hundreds, and a new way of
Levy by Exciſe reſolved upon to beexecuted by Commiffion, dated
the 3. of February, and yet he wants. But the beſt and moſt ta-
king project of all, was a Parliament; whereby he hoped not
only to ſupply his neceſſities, but alſo to give ſome better repoſe to
his troubled ſpirit; for he felt no inward contentment, whiloſt he the
Head, and his Subjects the Body, were at diſtance, or like interſects
and fies, tack't together by a mathematical line & imaginary thread;
therefore he ſerioully reſolved for his part to frame and diſpoſe
himſelf to ſuch obliging complacence and compliance, as might
A Parliament re-conſolidate them by continuity of affection: This Parliament
was fummoned to meet upon the 17. of March, and the writs be-
ing
called.

The Reign of King Charles.
75
covered.
ing iſſued out, the Loan-Recuſants appeared the only men in the Ann. Chrifli
peoples affect ons; nore thought worthy of a Patriots title, but 1627.
they who were under reſtraint upon that account; ſo that the
far greater number of the Parliamerit was formed of them, and as
their ſufferings had made them of eminent remark for noble
courage, fo did they for external reſpects appear the gallan eſt
affembly that ever thoſe wals immured, they having eſtates, mo-
deſtly, eſtimated, able to buy the Houſe of Peers, (the King ex-
cepted) though one hundred and eighteen, thrice over. Thus were
all things ſtrangely turned in a trice topſide t’ other way, they
who lately were confined as priſoners, are now not only free, but
petty Lords and Maſters, yea and petty Kings.
Some few dayes before the seſſion, a notable diſcovery was A notable neft
made of a Colledge of Feſuites at clerkenwell. The firſt infor- of Jeſuites diſ-
mation was given by one Crofe, a meſſenger to Secretary Coke,
who ſent a Warrant to Juſtice Long dwelling neer,enjoyning him
to take ſome Conſtables and other ayd with him; and forth-
with to beſet the houſe and apprehend the Penites : Entring the
firſt door, they found at a ſtairs foot, a man and woman ſtanding,
who told them, My Maſters, take heed you goe not up the stairs,
for there are above many reſolute and valiant men, who are well pro-
vided with ſwords and piſtols, and will loſe their lives rather
then yeeld, therefore if you love your lives be gone. The Conſtables
took their counſel, and like cowardly Buzzards went their
way, and told Secretary Coke the danger : whercupon the Se-
cretary fent the Sheriff to attach them, who coming with a
formidable power found all the holy Foxes retired, and ſneakt
away, but after long ſearch their place of ſecurity was found out,
it being a lobby bebinde a new brick wall wainſcotted over,
which being demoliſht, they were preſently unkennelld to
the number of ten. They found alſo divers letters from the
Pope to them, empowering them to crect this Colledge under the
name of Domus Probationis (but it proved Reprobationis
$)
Saneti Ignatii, and their books of accounts, whereby it appeared
they had five hundred pounds per annum contribution from their
Benefactors, and had purchaſed four hundred and fifty pounds
per annum; they had a Chappel, Library, and other roomes of
neceffary accommodation with houſhold utenfils and implements
marked with + s. What became of thoſe Jeſuites will fall in after-
ward, and what would have become of the Secretary for his
double diligence in their proſecution, you ſhould have heard,
had not the Duke been cut off, by an end untimely to himſelf,
timely to the popular guft.
The Parliament being met, the King began thus to them,
L 2
My

76
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1627.
The Kings
Speech.
6
C
C
My Lords and Gentlemen,
· Theſe times are for Action, for A&tion |
ſay, not for Words, therefore I ſhall uſe but a
few; and (as Kings are ſaid to be exemplary
'to their Subjects, lo) I wiſh you would imi-
'tate me in this, and uſe as few, falling upon
'ſpeedy conſultation. No man is I conceive
ſuch a ſtranger to the Common neceſſity as
'to expoftulate the cauſe of this meeting, and
'not to think ſupply to be the end of it; and
as this neceſſity is the product and conſe-
quent of your advice, ſo the true Religion ,
the Laws and Liberties of this State, and juſt
defence of our Friends and Allies, being ſo
conſiderably concern'd, will be I hope argu-
'ments enough to perſwade ſupply; for if it
be, as moſt true it is, both my duty and
“yours to preſerve this Church and Com-
mon-wealth, this exigent time of certain-
"ly requires it.
In this time of common danger, I have
taken the moſt ancient, ſpeedy, and beſt way
‘for ſupply by calling you together. If(which
"God forbid) in not contributing what may
anſwer the quality of my occaſions, you doe
not your duties, it fhall fuffice I have done
mine, in the conſcience whereof I ſhall reſt
content, and take ſome other courſe for which
‘God hath impowered me, to ſave that which
©
C
C
‘the

The Reign of King Charles.
77
C
1627.
C
C
C
the folly of particular men might hazard Am. Chrifi
to loſe.
· Take not this as a menace (for I ſcorn to
" threaten ny inferiors) but as an admoni-
6tion from him who is tyed, both by nature
and duty, to provide for your preſervati-
ons; and I hope, though I thus ſpeak, your
demeanors will be ſuch, as ſhall oblige me
in thankfulneſſe to meet you oftner, then
which nothing ſhal be more pleaſing to me.
' Remembring the diſtractions of our
' laſt meeting, you may ſuppoſe I have no
confidence of good ſucceſſe at this time,
.but be aſſured, I ſhall freely forget and for-
give what is paſt, hoping you will follow
' that ſacred advice lately inculcated to main-
'tain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of
peace. .
The Parliament ſeemed at firſt exceeding prompt to cloſe with 1628.
the Kings deſires, and as complyingly diſpoſed as could be wiſhed.
But they had not forgot the many preſſures which made the
the ſubject groan: ſomething they muſt do for them who ſent, as
well as for him who called them thither: and to anticipate all
diſpute in point of precedence between the subječts grievances
and the Kings fupplies, they made an Order that both ſhould
proceed pari pofs, check by joul. Upon full conſideration of the The Parlia-
Kings wants, they prefently and cheerfully agreed to give him ment grant
five Subſidies: whereof Secretary Coke was the firſt Evangelift,
liberally.
and bearer of chat good newes to the King; who received it
with wondrous joy, and asked the Secretary by how many
voices it was carryed ; Sir Fohn replyed, but by one ; at which per-
ceiving the Kings countenance to change, Sir, ſaid he, your Ma-
jeſty bath the greater cauſe 10 rejoyce, for the Houſe was ſo unani-
mous therein, as they made but one voice; whereupon the King
wept, and bad the Secretary tell them, he would deny them no-
thing of their liberties, which any of his predeceſſors had
granted.
The
C

78
The Reign of King Charles.
bate.
The Lords
nice in the bu-
fineſſe.
Ann. Chrifti
The ſtream of affairs running thus ſmoothly without the lcaſt
1628 wrinkle of diſcontent on either ſide, the Houſe of Commons firſt
infifted upon the perſonall freedome of the people, and reſol-
The ſubje&tsli-
ved for Law, That no free man ought to be impriſoned erther by
berty under de the King or Councell, without a legal cauſe alledged; this opi-
nion of the Houſe was reported to the Lords at a conference by
Sir Edward Coke, Sir Dudty Diggs, Mr. Selden, and Mr. Little-
ton, Sir Dudly Diggs citing Ačts 25. ver. 27. It ſeemeth an un-
reaſonable thing, to ſend a priſoner, and not mithal to ſignifie the
crimes laid againſt him.
This buſineſſe ſtuck very much in the Lords Houſe, who were
willing that the nails ſhould be pared, not the hands tyed of the
Prerogative; ſeverall and great debates there were about it, the
Atturncy pleading eagerly, though impertinently for the King;
and the ancient Records were ſo direct for the people, and to
ſtrongly enforced, as the Atturney had no more to ſay, but,
I refer my ſelf to the judgement of the Lords. And when theſe
Lords were to give judgement concerning it, the Ducal or Royal
party (for they were both one) were ſo prevalent, as they who
Icaned the other way, durft not abide the tryal by vote, but cal-
ling the Lord Keeper down, moulded the Houſe into a committee,
untill the Lord Say made a motion, That they who ſtood for the
Liberties, (being effective about fifty)might make their proteſta-
tion, and that to be upon record, and that the other oppoſite party
ſhould alſo, with ſubſcription of their names, enter their reaſons to
remain upon Record, that poſterity might not be to ſeek, who they
were, who foignobly betrayed the freedome of our nation, and that
this done, they ſhould proceed to vote. Ar which the Court-party
were fo daunted, as they durft not mutter a fyllable againſt it.
Perſonal liberty being thus ſetled, next they fall upon the liber-
ty of goods, the unbilleting of souldiers and nulling of Martiall
Law in times of peace, and finding magna Charta and fix other
Statutes explanatory of it, to be exprelly on their ſide, they pe-
tition the King to grant them the benefit of them; whereupon he
declared himſelf by the Lord Keeper to them, That he did hold
the ſtatutes of Magna Charta and the fix other inſiſted upon for
the ſubjects liberty to be all in force, and aſſured them that he
would maintain all his ſubjects in the juſt freedome of their
perſons, and ſafety of cftates. And that he would govern accor-
ding to the Lawes and Statutes of the Realm; and that his peo-
ple ſhould finde as much ſecurity in his royall word and pro-
miſe, as in any lawes they could made. So that hereafter they
ſhould have no cauſe to complain, and therefore he deſired no
doubt nor diſtruſt might poflèfíe any man, but that they would
proceed ſpeedily and unanimouſly on with their bufineffe.
This meſſage begat a new queſtion, Whether, or no, his Majeſty
ſhould

The Reign of King Charles.
79
ſhould be truſted upon his word. Some thought it needleffe, be-Ann. Chriſti
cauſe his oath at the Coronation binding him to maintain the 1628.
Lawes of the Land, that Oath was as ſtrong as any royall word
could be ; Others were of opinion, that ſhould it be put to vote,
and carryed in the negative, it would be infinitely diſhonoura-
ble to him in forein parts, who would be ready to ſay, The Peo-
ple of England would not truſt the King. At length in the
height of this diſpute ſtands up Sir Edward Coke, and thus infor-
med the Houſe, We fit now in Parliament, and therefore muſt take
bis Majefties word no otherwiſe then in a Parliamentary way, that is,
the King ſitting on his Throne in his Robes, his Crown on his Head,
bis Scepter in his hand, in full Parliament, that is, both Houſes be
ing preſent ; all theſe circumſtances obſerved, and his aferi being
entred upon record, make his royall word the word of a King in
Parliament, and not a word delivered in a chamber, or at ſecond
hand by the mouth of a Secretary, or Lord Keeper. Therefore his
motion was, That the Houſe ſhould (more Majorum) according to
the cuſtome of their Predeceſſors, draw a Petition (de Drolet) of
Right to his Majesty, which being confirmed by both Houſes
and aſſented to by the King, would be as firm an Act as any.
This judgement of fo great a Father in the Law, at this time The Petition
ruled all the Houſe, and accordingly a Petition was framed, lof Right.
and at a conference preſented to the Lords, the ſubſtance where-
of after the recitall of ſeverall Statutes relating to the privilege
of the ſubject, was reduced to theſe four Heads:
1. They do pray your moft excellent Majeſty, that
no man hereafter be compelled to make or yeeld any
Gift, Loan, Benevolence, Tax or ſuch like charge,
without common conſent by Ad of Parliament; and
that none be called to make anſwer, or to take ſueb
oath, or to give attendance, or be confin'd, or other-
wiſe moleſted, or diſquieted concerning the ſame, or for
refuſall thereof.
2. And that no freeman be taken, and impriſoned,
or be diffeiſed of his free-hold or liberty, or bis free
cuſtomes, or be out-lawed or exiled, but by the laws
full judgement of his Peers, or by the law of the
Land.
3. And tbat your Majeſty would be pleaſed to re-
morze the Souldiers and Mariners nom Billetted in
divers

80
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti divers Counties, and that your people may not be fo bur-
1628. thened in time to come.
4. That the late Commiſſions for proceeding by
Marſhal.law may be revoked and annulled, and that
bereafter no Commiſſion of like nature may iſſue forth
to any perſon or perſons whatſoever to be executed, left
by colour of them any of your Majeſties ſubjects be
deſtroyed, and put to death contrary to law and the
franchiſes of the land.
All »bich they moſt bumbly pray of your moſt ex-
cellent Majeſty, as their rights and liberties accor-
ding to the Lawes and Statutes of this Realm, Ard
that
your Majeſty would alſo vonchſafe to declare,
that all awards, doings, or proceedings to the pre-
judice of your People, ſhall not be drawn hereafter
into conſequence and example.
The paſſe of this Petition was a great while diſputed earneſt-
ly between the Lords and Commons ; the Lords had a more concer-
ning intereſt in the Prerogative,as that which gave them their firſt
cxiſtence, and preſent ſubſiſtence ; and this Petition they chought
would detrunck too much, and ſome thought ſtrike at the very
root of that Prerogative, ſo that they ſuſpended their affent
yet becauſe they would ſeem not altogether to abandon the
Publique, they modeld an Addition of Saving ( as they called
it) and deſired the Commons it might be adnexed to the Peti-
tion; the addition was, We preſent this our bumble Petition to
your Majeſty, not only with care to preſerve our own liberties, but
with regard to leave intire that Soveraign Power, wherewith
your Majeſty is truſted for the protection, ſafety, and happinelle
of your people.
This addition would not down with the Commons, who iina-
gined it would make the Petition ſo much Royaliſt, as it would fig.
nifie nothing as to the ſubjects benefit, and would prove felo de ſe,
felf-deſtructive. A conference was had with the Lords,and Mr. Noy
ſent to fignifie the reaſons and reſolutions of the lower Houſe,
but the peers received little ſatisfaction ; thereupon a ſecond
was defired, and being managed by Sir Henry Martin, and
Serjeant Glanvile; at length the Lords were perſwaded to
comply then it was preſented to the King without any ſuch
ſaying label. His Majeſty deſired time to conſider of it, yet
did

The Reign of King Charles.
81
forft Anſwer,
did not long delay them; for as his own gracious inclination Ann. Chriſti
diſpoſed him to give much, fo he thought it expedient in that 1628.
conjunction of time, to give more for expedition in reference
to his neceſſary ſupplies, and within five daics after gave them
this enſuing anſwer.
The King willeth that right be done accor- The Kings
ding to the Lawes and Customes of the Realm,
and that the Statutes be put in due execution ,
that his Subjects may bave no cauſe to complain
of any wrong or oppresſions contrary to their juſt
Řight and Liberties, to the preſervation where-
of be holds himſelf in conſcience as well obliged
is of his Prerogative.
The King was confident this Anſwer would have pleaſed to
purpoſe, for as he was far from any mental reſervation or equi-
vocation, ſo was he ſtudious it ſhould be worded adequate to
their deſires, and was aſtoniſht to hear it was not ſatisfactory;
but it ſeems it was too elaborate, and that the King had put too
much coſt into it; for the ſenſe was not, it ſeems, the effence ;
and though the matter was ſans exception, yet becauſe not agree-
able to the uſuall mode, diſliked; for formality was the for-
mall part of it; therefore the Parliament agreed to petition for
a new Anſwer of the old model, but before that Petition was
framed, his Majeſty unexpectedly ſurpriſed them with this
Speech.
· The Anſwer I have already given you was his fecond
made with ſo good deliberation, and approved
by the judgement of ſo many wiſe men, that I
could not bave imagined but that it ſhould have
given yon full ſatisfaction ; but to avoid all am-
biguous interpretations, and to them you there
is no doubleneſſe in my meaning, I am willing
to pleaſe you in words as well as in ſubſtance.
Read your Petition, and you ſhall bave
M
Anſwer.
an

82
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti an Anſwer that I am ſure will pleaſe you,
1628.
The Petition being read, his Majeſty anſwered,
Le droict ſoit faict comme il eſt deſire.
This I am ſure is full, yet no more then I gran-
ted you in my firſt anſwer ; you ſee now, bow
ready I have ſhewed my ſelf to ſatisfie your
de-
mands, ſo that I bave done my part, wherefore
if this Parliament bath not an bappy conclu-
ſion, the fin is yours, I am free.
.
The King having ended, the Houſes teſtified their joy with
a mighty fhout, and preſently the Bels rung and Bone-fires were
kindled all the city over ; nor was the true cauſe ſo diſtinctly
known; for many apprehended at firſt, that the King had de-
livered the Duke up to them to be ſent to the Tower, upon
which
miſprifion ſome faid the Scaffold on Tower-hill was inſtantly
pulled down, the people ſaying, His Grace ſhould bave a
new one.
hop
It was alſo ſaid, that the Houſe of Lords made ſuite to the
King upon this happy accord, that he would be pleaſed to re-
ceive into Grace thoſe Lords who were in former disfavour,
which he readily yeelded to, and admitted the Lord Arch-bi-
of Canterbury, Biſhop of Lincoln, the Earls of Effex, Lin-
coln, Warwick, Briſtow, and the Lord Say to kiffe his hand.
The Petition thus granted, the Commiſſions of Loan and Ex-
cife were inſtantly out-lawed, and at the entreaty of the Houſe
of Peera cancelled in the Kings preſence. Having thus ſecured
the Faults, they removed to the Faulty; and reſolved upon a large
Remonftrance to the King, ripping up both the grievances them.
ſelves and the authors of them. This Remonftrance conſiſted
of ſix branches, in ſum theſc:
The Parliz
ments Remon
-ftrance.
The danger of Innovation and alteration in Re-
ligion. This occafioned by, 1. The great eſteem and
favours many profeffors of the Romilh Religion re-
ceive at Court, 2. Their publique refort to Maſſe at
Denmark Houſe, contrary to his Majeſties anſwer to
the Parliaments Petition at Oxford. 3. The Letters
for

The Reign of King Charles. 83
for ſtay of proceedings againſt them. Laſtly, the daily | Ann. Chrifti
growth of the Arminian faćtion favoured and protected, 1628.
by Nele Biſhop of Wincheſter, and Laud Biſhop of
Bathe and Wels, whileft the Orthodox party are filenced
or diſcountenanced.
2. The danger of Innovation, and alteration in Goa
vernment occaſioned by the Billeting of Souldiers, by the
Commiſion for procuring one thouſand German Horſe
and Riders, as for the defence of the Kingdome, by a
ſtanding Commiſſion granted to the Duke to be General
at land in times of peace.
3. Dyſaſters of our Deſignes, as the expedition to the
Iſle of Rhe, and that lately to Rochel, wherein the
Engliſh have purchaſed their diſhonor with the waſte of a
million of treaſure
4. The want of Ammunition occafioned by the late
ſelling away of thirty fix Last of Powder.
5. The decay of Trade by the loſſe of three hundred
ſhips taken by ihe Dunkyrkers and Pirates within
theſe three laſt years.
6. The not guarding the narrow Seas, whereby his
Majeſty bath almoſt loſt the Regality..
Of all which evils and dangers the principal cauſe is
the Duke of Buckingham his exceſſive power and abuſe
of that power. And therefore they humbly ſubmit it to his
Majeſties wiſdome, whether it can be ſafe for himſelf, or
bis Kingdome, that ſo great power both by Sea and Land
as reſts in bim, ſhould be truſted in the hands of any one
Subje&t whatſoever.
This Remonftrance being finiſhed on Tueſday, Fune 17. they
preſented it, as an appendix, with the Bill of subſidies to the King
in the Banqueting houſe, who having heard it out, told them he
little expected ſuch a Remonſtrance , after he had fo graciouſly
paſſed the Petition of Right; as for their grievances he would
conſider of them as they ſhould deferve. Some fay that at his
paſſage out, the King gave the Duke his hand to kiffe, which others
only ſuppoſe was no more then the Dukes low congie to his Ma-
jefties hand.
M 2
It

84 The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
It is alſo reported that the King being informed that Mr. Denzel
1628. Hollis had an hand in this Remonſtrance, he replyed in the words of
Fulius Cæfar,Et tu Brute ! I wonder at it, for we two were fellow Re-
vellers in a Maſque together.
Some unkindneſle alſo happened between the Lords and Com-
mons concerning the Bill of Subſidies, in the grant whereof the Com-
mons had either induſtriouſly excluded, or incuriouſly omitted theſe
words, The Lords, Spiritual and Temporal; and the Lords expoftu-
lating with indignation the cauſe of their omiſſion, anſwer was re-
turned, That ſome nets had heretofore paſſed ſo, yet nevertheleſſe, if
their Lordſhips would return the Bill, their names ſhould, if they
pleaſed, be inſerted: whereat the Lords in ſome anger ſaid, And are
not we as able to put them in our ſelves, as they were to leave us out:
Dr. Manwaring
Threc days before this, Dr. Manwaring was queſtioned for ſome
queſtioned ; feditious paſſages in two Sermons preached, one before the King, the
other at his own Parochial Church, wherein he aſſerted,
1. That the Kings Royal command in impoſing without common
conſent in Parliament Taxes and Loanes, doth lo far bind the conſci-
ence of the Subjects of this Kingdome, that they cannot refufe the
payment of them, without perill of eternal damnation.
2. That Authority of Parliament is not neceffary for the rating
aides and Subſidies.
Theſe things being too evident to be denyed, and too groffe to
admit of qualification, his ſentence was;
1. Inpriſonment during the pleaſure of the Houſe.
2. Fine one thouſand pound to the King.
3. To make
fuch ſubmiſſion and acknowledgment of his offences as
ſhall be ſet down by a Committee in writing, both at the Bar of the
Lords Houſe, and at the Houſe of Commons.
4. To be ſuſpended for three years from the exerciſe of the Mi-
niftery.
5. To be diſabled from ever preaching at Court hereafter.
6.To be diſablea for ever from having any Eccleſiaſtical dignity or
fecular office.
7. That as his book is worthy to be burnt, fo his Majeſty may be
moved to grant a Proclamation for the calling it in, as alſo for the
burning of it.
According to the third member of which ſentence two days after
he made his ſubmiſſion on his knces.
Whilſt the Parliament was buſie about this Doctor, the King
was as bufie about their late Remonſtrance to which he formed a for-
mal anſwer traverſing and denying all their charge, wherewith the
Commons, being ſomewhat irritated, (for it was a ſmart one) fell
down-right upon another Remonftrance againſt Tonnage and Poun-
dage. But the King was unwilling to hear of any more Remon-
ſtranges of that nature, therefore reſolved to fruſtrate it by Proro.
guing
And cenſured.

The Reign of King Charles. 85
guing of the Parliament unto October the 20. Fune the 26. being Ann. Chriſti
the laſt of this Seſſion, his Majesty calling both houſes together, be- 1628,
fore his Royal afſent to the Bils, delivered his mind as followeth.
My Lords and Gentlemen,
II
T may ſeem ſtrange tbat I come ſo ſuddainly to
Lend this Seſion therefore before I give my aſſent
to the Bils, I will tell you the cauſe, though I must
avow I 019 an account of my actions to none but
God alone. It is known to every one that a mbile
agoe the Houſe of Commons gave me a Remon-
ſtrance, how acceptable every man may judge, and
the merit of it I will not call that in queſtion,
for I am ſure no wiſe man can juſtifie it. we
Nom ſince I am certainly informed that a ſecond
Remonſtrance is preparing for me, to take away
my profit of Tonnage and Poundage (one of the
chief maintenances of the Crown) by alledging
that I have given away my right thereof, by my
Anſwer to your Petition.
This is ſo prejudicial to me, as I am forced to end
this Sefion fome few bours before I meant it being
willing not to receive any more Remonftrances, to
which I muſt give an barſk Anſwer.
And ſince I ſee that even the Houſe of Commons
begins already to make falſe conſtructions of what
I granted in your Petition, left it be worſe inter-
preted in the Country, I will now make a Decla-
ration concerning the true intent thereof.
The Profeſſion of both Houſes, in the time of
bammer-

86
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
1628.
Ann Chrifi bammering this Petition, was no wayes to trench
upon my Prerogative, ſaying, They had neither
intention, nor power to burt it.
T berefore it muſt needs be conceived that I bave
granted no new, but only confirmed the ancient
Liberties of my Subjects.T et toſhew the clearneſſe
of my intentions, that I neither repent nor mean
to re-cede from anything I bave promiſed you, 1
do bere declare, Tbat thoſe things wbich bave
been done, whereby men bad cauſe to ſuſpect the
Liberty of the Subject to be trencht upon (which
indeed was the true and firſt ground of the Peti-
tion) Mall not bereafter be drawn into example
for your prejudice; And in time to come in the
word of a King ) you ſhall not bave the like
cauſe to complain.
But as for Tonnage and Poundage, it is a
thing I cannot want, and was never intended by
you to aske, never meant (I am ſure ) by me to
grant.
To conclude, I command
you all that are here, to
take notice of what I have ſpoken at this time, to
be the true intent and meaning of what I granted
you in your Petition; But eſpecially you my Lords
the Judges, for to you only under me belongs the
interpretation of the Laws,for none of the Houſes
Parliament joynt, or ſeparate (wbat new do-
ŠErine ſoever may be raiſed) bave any power,
either to make, or declare a Lam without my
confent. mot dood to brofili 1994
Thel

The Reign of King Charles.
87
The Parliament being thus prorogued, the Commons were ex- An. Chriſti
ceedingly malc-content, for they deſired only a Receffe, and Ad 1628.
journment, whereby all matters then depending, might be found in
the ſame ſtation and condition at their next meeting, wherein they
at that preſent left them.
This Seffion were enacted theſe Lawes :
1. For further reformation of divers abufes commined on the
Lords-day, commonly called Sunday.
2. To reſtrain the paſſing or ſending of any to be popiſhly bred be-
yond the Seas.
3. For the better ſuppreſsing of unlicenſed Ale-houſe keepers.
4. For continuance and Repeal of divers Statutes.
5. For the eft ablishing of the Eſtates of the Tenants of Brumfield
and Yale in the County of Denbigh, and of the Tenures, Rents and
ſervices thereupon reſerved, according to a late compoſition made for
the ſame with the King the Prince of Wales.
6. For the confirmation of the Subſidies granted by the clergy.
7.F or the grant of five entire Subſidies,granted by the Temporality.
But above all famous to all poſterity is this Seſlion, for his Ma.
jeſties gracious anſwer to that gallant Standard of common Liber-
ty, the Petition of Right. Never did Arbitrary power ſince Monar-
chy firſt founded, ſo ſubmittere faſces, ſo yail its Scepter ; never did
the Prerogative deſcend ſo much from perch to popular lure, as by
that conceſſion, a Conceſſion able to give fatisfaction, even to
ſupererogation, for what was amiſſe in all the Kings by-part Go-
During this Seſſion mary things occurred worthy to be recor-
ded, which becauſe forein to the Parliament affairs I reſerved as
a Poftfcript: being loth to make a ſimultaneous meddly of various
actions, Muffled together without dependence upon either antece-
dent or ſubſequent narrations.
May the 8. the Earl of Denbigh as Admiral ſet ſail from Ply, The relief of
mouth, with about fifty fail of tall fhips, for the relief of Rochel, Rochel attemp-
.
and being ſcanred in Mariners he was enforced to take in two
thouſand two hundred land men, who ſhould be amphibious,
ſerving partly for fea-men, and partly for land-ſouldiers: wich
this power he made an actem pt toward the relief of the Town, but
was re pelled much to our loffe, but more to our diſhonour s ſo as he
preſently betook himſelf to a ſpeedy return, arriving at Plymouth
the 26. of the ſame month. The ſuppoſed author of this dyſaſter
was one Clark a Bedchamber man, and a chief Commiſſioner in alt
our former improſperous expeditions : who, becauſe a ſuppoſed
Papiſt, was conceived to have induſtriouſly betrayed us to this and
former miſcarriages.
N
he
vernment.

88
The Reign of King Charles.
Stoadt ſur-
rendered.
Dr. Lamb his
death,
5
Ann. Chriſti
The fame month, but with greater honour was Stoudt our Engliſh
1628. Garriſon, ſome twenty miles from Hamborough on the other ſide of
in the Elbe, given up to the Imperialiſts, Sir Charles Morgan having
bravely and ſtoutly defended it: the conditions were, that he Gar-
riſon ſouldiers ſhould never bear arms againſt the Emperour, but at
the command of their own King,
Fune the 13. Doctor Lamb luffered for the teſtimony of a lewd
exemplary converſation. Having been at a Play-houſe, at his return ſome
boyes began to affront him, and call him the Dukes Devil where-
upon he hired ſome to guard him home, and taking in at a
Cooks ſhop where he fupt, the people watcht his coming out,
but he was ſo ſtrongly guarded as they durft not venture on him
then he went to the wind-mill Tavern in Lothbury, and at length
coming forth, the tumult being much encreaſed, gave the onſet,
and aſſaulted him, ſo as he was forced to take refuge in the next
houſe, but the enraged multitude threarned to pull down the
houſe unleſſe Lamb were ſpeedily delivered to them. The Ma-
fter of the houſe was a Lawyer, and fearing ſome fad comſequence
of this uproar, diſcreetly ſends for four Conſtables to guard him
out. But the furious multitude flew at him, in the midſt of his
auxiliaries, ſtruck him down, and malled him with a vengeance,
ſo as they beat out one of his eyes, and left him half dead upon
the place. In this plight he was carryed into the Counter in the
Poultery, no other houſe being willing to receive him, where
the next morning he changed this life either for a better or for
a worſe.
A moſt infamous and graceleſſe wretch he was, twice had he
been arraigned, once for a witch, and practiſing his helliſh art
upon the Lord Windſor, another time for a rape at the Kings-
bench-barre at Weſtminſter, where to the aſtoniſhment of all then
preſent, he proceeded to ſuch prodigious inſolence as to ſay in the
audience of the hole Court, I wonder any ſhould think I wouldcom.
mit ſuch an act upon ſo deſpicable a creature as this (meaning his
accuſer ) when had I been fo diſpoſed, I could have had my
choiſe of the handſomeft Ladies in the Court. Some confiderable
circumſtances muſt not be forgot, by reaſon of their ſynapſis, their
coherence with this relation.
It is certain; that not full a year before, he foretold, thar hc
ſhould periſh in the ſtreets by the fury of the people. Some ſay,
that when the multitude were belabouring him with ftones, and
cudgels, they ſaid, that were his maſter the Duke there, they would
give him as much.
Some things alſo were of ominous obſervation in reference
to the Duke ; for on the ſame day that Lamb was ſlain, the
Dukes picture fell down in the bigh Commiſſion Chamber
ar Lambeth. But that which was moſt notable, was, that when
theſe

The Reign of King Charles. 89
theſe and the like accidents were fpoke of as foreboding ſome- Am. Chrifti
thing of preſent fatality to the Deke in the Lady Davis her 1628.
hearing; the, for certain, reply'd, No, his time is not come till Ås
cut. This added to die former prediction concerning this Par-
liament, and both yerifi'd in the cvent, rear'd the Lady up the
fame of a great Propheteſſes and yet this could be in the very
Devill himſelf, but a nude conje&ture, for though he had found
the mindes of men very ſuſceptible of, and diſpoſed to receive
a temptation to ſuch a fact, which he was reſolved to ſuggeſt
at that time;, yet that the act it ſelf ſhould be executed precilely
then, gueffe he might, prognoſticate he could not; for in things
determined in their naturall cauſalities to cerrain and definite
effects, not only Devils but wiſe men, where miracle interpo-
feth not, may infallibly divine the products ; but in things contin-
gent upon free and voluntary agents, all the Devils in hell can but
blunder.
On the Munday after the Lord Maior and Aldermen of the
City were fent for to appear at the Councell Table, and to give
an account of the uproar about Lamb, and were threatned, that
unleffe they diſcovered and rendred up the Malefactors, they
ſhould forfeit their Charter, and in the upſhot were fined, as was
reported, Six thouſand pounds.
This Seſſion ended, the King finding as he thought ſo male-
volent a glofſe ſtarted from his late Act of Grace, conceived it
ſtood him in hand to ſtand upon his guard, and to make the
beſt improvement of the ſmall remnant of Prerogative which he
had left ; to which purpoſe inſtruments of working and active
brains were ſought out, and finding the Earl of Mariborough the Earl of Marl-
then Lord Treaſurer too dull and phlegmatick for his imploy- brough remo-
ment, he removed him and lifted up the late Lorded Sir Ri-
chard Weſton into his place, a man of moſt accompliſht quali Sir Richard
fications for his deſign, and about the ſame time dignified Wefton prefer-
Sir Thomas Wentworth of Tork-ſhire with a Barony, though one
of the late Committee in forming the unpleaſing Remonſtrance,
and a ſtickler againſt the Prerogative, but this beam of Majeſty
as it did heat, ſo did it ſoften the temper of the man, ſo as he became
chence forward moſt flexible to his ſervice.
In the beginning of Auguſt came forth a Proclamation againſt
Papifts, but eſpecially against Jeſuits and Prieſts,a fort of men in the Genus homi
ftate of England, like the Mathematicians, and Aſtrologers under num quod in ci
the Roman Empire, alwayes, as the Hiſtorian ſaies, baniſhed, yet al- vitate nofira com
wayes ſtaid behind.
But the great buſineſſe of this vacation was the ſetting forth a cer, Tacit.
third Fleet for Rochel,then which there never appeared a more gallāt
Armado formed by our Nation, and becauſe ſo noble a preparation
muſt be futably commanded, the Duke reſolved to give the venture
once more.
N 2
But
red.
per & retinebi.
Hift. I.

90
The Reign of King Charles.
The Duke
murdered.
But whileft he was in purſuit of this enterpriſe, he was rapp'd
Ann. Chriſti
1628.
and hurried into another world by an abrupt and untimely
death.
For on the Vigil, the Eve of St. Bartholomew, the 23 of AH-
guft, being at breakfaſt at Portſmouth with Soubize, and others
of principall quality, One Fohn Felton (ſometimes a Licutenant
to a Foot Company in the Regiment of Sir Fohn Ramſey) who
had but about a weck before meditated the act, but had not yet
contrived the means, ſneaks into the chamber, vigilant to ob-
ſerve every opportunity ſerviceable for his purpoſe, and finding
the Duke ready to riſe from the table, he withdrawes into an
entry, through which the Duke was to paffc, who coming by
with Sir Thomas Frier (to whom he declined his ear in the po-
ſture of attention) in the very inſtant of Sir Thomas his retiring
from the Duke, Felton, with a back-blow, ſtabb'd him on the
left ſide into the very heart, leaving the knife, a ten penny coutel,
in his body. The Earl of Cleveland and ſome others who were
in the hearing of the thump, reported, that the moſt religious
murderer, in the very act of ſtriking, faid, Lord have mercy on thy
Soul, a ſpecch, which the Duke had ſcarce ability to ſay for
himſelf, for pulling the knife out, preſently, the orifice being
wide, there ſtreamed ſuch an effufion of bloud, and conſequent-
ly ſuch an emiſſion of ſpirits, as he only was heard to ſay (ſome
report with an oath) The villain kath killed me, and then expi-
red. All this while the aſſaſinate paſs’d undiſcovered (a faire
advantage had he been ſtudious of eſcape) and the general voice
paſſing currant up and down, that he was a French-man, Felton
like an ingenuous villain, with an undaunted courage, avowed
himſelf the author of it. Many are ſaid to be his inſtigations to
this exccrable act. He had long and in vain attended for his ar-
rears of pay due for former ſervice. Again, he was twice
repulſed upon his Petition for a Captains place, and others
ſuper-inducted over his head. It was thought theſe extimulated
and whetted him on to rancour, and it is like he had prejudica-
ted ſome ſuch conſtruction would be made of it, and conceiving the
fuppofition of private revenge would infame and blemish the glory
of the exploit, preſuming he ſhould encounter inevitable deſtructi-
on, he ſtitched a paper to the lining of his bat, wherein he declared,
his only motive to the fact was, the late Remonftrance of the Com-
mons againſt the Duke, and that he could not ſacrifice his life in
a nobler cauſe, then by delivering his Countrey from ſo great an
enemy.
Two things, as eſpecially, and almoſt ſingularly obſervable after
his fall may not be omitted.
Things me Firſt, no ſooner had be expired his laft, and his body ſhifted in-
morable af
to another room, but the Corps was totally abandoned, nor a living
ter his fall.
foul

The Reign of King Charles.
91
ſoul was to be ſeen a great while in either chamber, that where he | Ann. Chrifti
dyed, or that whereinto he was removed, either bycauſe they durft 1628.
not truſt fancy with a ſpectacle ſo horrid, or bycauſe they fea-
red ſome further aſſaſination, The like fate, if Hiſtoring be
truly informed, attended the Body of our firſt Norman
King
Secondly, that the firſt news thereof finding his Majeſty (then
abour four miles diſtant) at his publique devotions, he received
it without the leaſt emotion of ſpirit or diſcompoſure of counte-
nance : which equanimity ſome imputed to his ſteady intenti-
on upen that ſacred duty : others thought that though he
diſliked the mode and way of his diſpatch, yet with the thing
he was well enough pleaſed, as if providence had thereby rid him
of the Subject of his ſo great perplexity, whom he could not pre-
ſerve with ſafety, nor deſert with honour. But theſe were ſoon con-
vinced of their errour, when they obſerved his Majesty treat his re-
lations with ſo intenſe reſpect.
| But whatſoever ſatisfaction the King received thereby, certain The Com-
it is, it pleaſed the common man too well; for though Chri- mons rejoyce.
ftianity and the Law found the act murther, yet in vulgar ſenſe
it rather paſt for an execution of a Malefactor, and an admi-
niſtration of that juſtice diſpenſed from heaven, which they
thought was denied on earth. And bycauſe all thoſe ſtormes at
publique miſcarriages generated in the lower Region of the Parlia-
ment, had of late been terminated in him, as their grand efficient,
every man would now be wiſe and fore-ſpeak fair weather, and har-
mony between the King and Subject, how truly a few moneths
will diſcover.
His leaving a Will behind him, imports he did ſomewhat His Will.
premeditate death. Therein he bequeathed to his Ducheſſe the
tourth
part
of his Lands for her Joynţure. His debts amoun-
ted to fixty one thouſand pounds, his Jewels ( moſt belong.
ing to the late Queen) were prized at three hundred thouſand
pounds.
His Funerall was nothing ſolemn, his body being interred His Funerall.
clandeſtinelý the 25 of September, attended with about an hundred
mourners. The Heralds were indeed fent for by the Lord Trea-
furer a week before to project a fumptuous funerall for him, and
according to order they brought in large proportions, it was
thought exceeding thoſe in the Obſequies
of King fames. But at
length, upon fecond thoughts, the Treaſurer told the King,
Such pompe would prove but an houres phew, and that it were
more for his glory to erect him a ſtately Monument which he
might do for half the coſt. The King liked the motion well
,
and after the Dukes Buriall, put the Treaſurer in minde of
what he had contrived, wiſhing him to ſee it done, then the
Treaſurer

92
The Reign of King Charles.
His Character.
Ann. Chriſti Treaſurer reply'd, Sir, I would be loath to tell your Majefly,
1628. mhat the World would say both here, and abroad, if you ſhould
raiſe a Monument for the Duke before youl erect one for your
Father. Whether this clearly and cunning diverſion Aowed
from the Treaſurer his no fingular good wil to the Duke, or
from a provident regard to his Maſters purſe, let others de-
termine.
ni won a fost seda igra
Thus fell this miracle of grandure in the 36 year of his age,
a race he might, in the ordinary rồde of nature, have doubledo
A Gentleman he was of that choice and curious make for exte!
riour ſhape, as if Nature had not in his hole frame drawn one line
amiffe ; nor was his fabrique raiſed by ſoft and limber ftud, but
ſturdy and virile. His intellectuals gained him rather the opini-
on of a wiſe man, then of a wit. His skill in letters very mean,
for finding nature more indulgent to him in the ornaments of the
body, then of the minde, the tendency of his youthfull genius,
was rather to improve theſe excellencies, wherein his choice
felicity conſiſted, then to addiet himſelf to moroſe and ſullen
bookiſhnėſſe, therefore his chief exerciſes were, Dancing, Fencing,
Vaulting, and the like, as indications of ſtrenuous agility:n yet
could he have foreſeen where all the climacteries and motions of
his advance ſhould have terminated, that from no more then a
meer Gentleman, it ſhould be his luck to vaule into the Dignity
of a Duke, and truft of a privie Counſellor, we may preſume his
early ſtudies would not have caſt ſo much negleet upon a thing ſo
important to him as a Stateſman, though not very faſhiona-
ble as a Courtier. The temperature of his mind was, as to
morall habits, rather diſpoſed to good then bad; his deport-
ment was moſt affable and debonair, arare example in one raiſed
ſo high, and ſo ſpeedily: to his relations liberall, firme to
his friend , formidable to his enemy. From venereal excur-
ſions I cannot totally acquit him, He was a Courtier and
young man, a Profeſſion and Age, prone to ſuch deſires, as
when they tend to the ſhedding, of no mans bloud, to the ruine
alienam, of no Family, humanity fometimes connives at though the
never approves. Of his Religion, they who write moſt in
favour of him ſpeak litele, whereof if he was too incuri-
His condition the more deplorable, when ſurpriſed
by ſo ſuddain a death as afforded him not the reſpiration
of auricular contrition. But ſeeing God is accoſtable by in-
organicall and inaudible ejaculations, and no time is too ihort
to exclude ſuch an infinite mercy, charity wils we hope the
beſt.
This Tragique accident of the Dukes did ſo little impede the
rempt toward / motion of the Fleet, as it is a queſtion whether or no it did at all re-
tard it: for the King did with ſuch perſonal affiduity, ſuch dili-
gence
ous
The laſt at-
Rochels .

Tbe Reign of King Charles,
93
.
gence haſten the furniſhing of it with all neceſſaries both of provi- Ann. Chriſti
fion and munition, as he diſpatcht more of concernment to it in 1628.
ten or twelve dayes then the Duke did in ſo many moneths before,
ſo that on the eighth of September following departed from Portsa
mouth the Earl of Lindſey, ( a Gentleman full of gallantry and
courage) commanding in chief : but before his coming the
Cardinal had finiſht his prodigious Boorn and Barricado, through
which it was impoſſible to break. Many and brave attempts
(though ſome of his Captains flincht, either in refolution, or
obedience') he had made, and the laſt began to promiſe hopes of
good ſucceſſe, for the foremoſt thips came up to the very mouth
of the bar, and when they were ready to enter the paſſe, the
winde at that very moment whiſled about into an oppofite point,
and drave them dangerouſly foul one upon another. This the Rocket rende-
Rochellers obſerving from the wals, gave all for loft and pretently red
.
fet open their gates ; ſending out their principall men,not as com-
miffioners to trear, but as ſubmiſſive Miffives humbly to implore
the Kings mercy: which Lewes moſt compaffionately granted
them, and entred the City, Octob. the 18. in fo civil a diſcipline,
as not the leaſt outrage was committed : indeed famine, and other
martiall calamities had made havock enough 'before, four
thouſand being only the remains of twenty two thouſand foules.
The mighty works of fortification were inſtantly flighted ,
and
the Town ſuffering a metaſtrophe, change of name as well as na-
ture, was ordered to be called from the Queen Mother Borgo
Maria.
Rocheltbus furrendred, fet our Fleet at liberty, fo having nothing
more to do, the Earl plies him home.
During this laſt expedition news came to our King of ſome
damage we had ſuſtained, and as bad news could not be wel-
come to him, ſo was he loth to hear it from his Parliament, and
from them he queſtioned not but to hear what ever untowardly
befell, ſhould they fit according to their firſt intention ; there.
fore hoping the event would render them more pleaſing dif-
courſe, he adjourned the meeting till Fannary the 20. In the
interim there were ſeverall emergences and occurrences which
would give them their hands full. For the generality of the
Merchants both of the Turkey and the Eaſt-India Company refuſed
to pay a penny, under the notion of Tonnage and Poundage, which
cauſed a mighty conteſt betwixt the King and them, he urging the
practiſe of his Predeceſſors in taking, they the validity of the
Petition of Right in denying, ſo that divers of their goods were
feiſed.
November 18. about four in the morning a lamentable fire ſeiſed Wimbleton
upon the Lord Wimbletons houſe in the Strand, it being then the houſe burnt,
lodging of the States Lieger Ambaſſador, which conſumed and de-
mo-

94
The Reign of King Charles.
Felon execu-
ted.
Ann. Chriſti
moliſht it with all the rich furniture and utenſils to the ground;fo fe-
1628. rocient and impetuous it was, as the Ambaffadour, his wife and chil-
dren hardly, though half naked, eſcaped; all their other apparel
Jewels, money, &c. yca even the Commiſſion it ſelf periſht in the
combuſtion. Who was the incendiary, or how this calamity was
occaſioned no man could tell, moſt thought it was an effect of the
Dutch diſorders the night before, who were notably tippled with
feaſting and jollities for a great prize taken by their Maſters from
the Spaniards neer the Bay of Matanſa, worth a million and a
half of treaſure. This accident was the more remarkable, becauſe
that very night that very Lords Country houſe in Surrey was a
great part blown up by a Candle-ſpark falling into a barrel of gun-
powder, which a maid miſtook for Soap.
Novemb. the 29. Felton having been arraigned, and found guil-
ty at the Kings Bench, ſuffered at Tıburn. His confeſſion was as fin-
cere, and full of remorſe as could be wiſhed ; the fact he much de-
teſted, and renounced his former errour in conceiving it would
be his glory to ſacrifice himſelf for his Countreys good: and
whereas other motives were ſuggeſted by report, he proteſted upon
his ſalvation, that he had no other inducement then the Parliaments
Remonftrance
. His body was from thence tranſmitted to Portſmouth,
and there hung in chains, but ſoon ſtoln and conveighed away Gib-
bet and all, by ſome either well affected to him, or ill inclined to-
ward the Duke.
The Parliament was now approaching, and fomething muf
be done to pleaſe them, and what could better pleaſe them then
the gracing of their great confident the Archbiſhop of Canterbury ?
therefore he was ſent for to the Court about Chriſtmas , and from
out of his barge received by the Archbishop of York, and Earl of
Dorſet, by them accompanyed to the King, who giving him his
hand to kiſſe enjoyned him not to fail the Councell Table twice a
week. After this Mountagues Book called Appello Cafarem, was
called in by Proclamation, and a Declaration prefixt to the thirty
nine Articles reſtraining all diſpute on either ſide concerning the
five points controverted.
There was then alſo publiſhed another Proclamation for the
rion againſt
apprehending of Richard Smith the titular Biſhop of Chalcedon.
Papiſts.
This Proclamation, ſaith Mr. Pryn, was procured at the earneſt ſo-
licitation of the Regular Prieſts in England and Ireland, who vio-
lently oppoſed Dr. Smiths Epiſcopal Juriſdiction ; but Mr. Pron
was much miſtaken, for that proſecution was not till the year 1630.
as ſhall be evidenced hereafter. And the impulſive to this pro-
ceeding againſt him, was his endevour to have perverted ſome poor
ſilly people in Lancaſhire ; where the holy man appeared in his
Pontificalibus, (as horned Mitre and Crofier) amongſt a company of
Geeſe.
Fan.
A Proclama-

The Reign of King Charles.
95
ed.
ment meer.
Fanuary the 16. the Lord Doncaster ſon to the Earl of Carlile, Ann. Chriſti
brought very ſad news to Court from the Hague, which put 1628.
the King and all his train into mourning, viz. That Frederique
Henry, eldeſt ſon to the Pala grave, was unfortunately drowned in Frederique E
the mere of Harlem, his Father the Paltz grave very narrowly the Prince
eſcaping: they were going from the Hague to Amſterdam, out of a Elector drown-
deſire to ſee the great Prizes brought in and entring into an Hoy on
Harlem mere, they were benighted, when ſuddenly roſe a violent
ſtorm which drave a greater veſſel, then riding in the mere, ſo forci-
bly upon them, as ſtemm'd them; of about twenty perſons there
were but three ſaved, all the reſt perilht; his Father was dragged
our of the mere with an iron hook. The Prince claſped his
armes about the maſt, cryed out for help, and boats were ſent
out to relieve him, but the night was dark and the weather ſo im-
petuous as they could not finde him until morning, when they
diſcovered him clinging about the maſt, but ſtark dead; the Prin-
ceffe his mother was newly brought to bed, when this doleful acci-
dent befel her, the news whereof drave her into a moſt vehe-
ment paffion.
Fanuary the 20. the Parliament fate, who foon found they were The Parlia-
like to have work enough: for complaints came thronging in, cfpe
cially againſt the Cuſtomers for taking and diſtraining Mer-
chants goods for Tonnage and Poundage, which the King ta-
king notice of called them to the Banqueting houſe, and told
The occaſion of that meeting was a complaint made in the lower
Houſe for ſtaying of ſome mens goods, for denying Tonnage and
Poundage, which difference might be ſoon decided, were his words
and actions rightly underſtood. For if he did not take thoſe
duties as appendixes of his Hereditary Prerogative, and had de-
clared he challenged them not of right, and only deſired to en-
joy them by the gift of his people, why did they not paffe the
Bill, as they promiſed to him to clear his by-paſt actions and fu-
ture proceedings, eſpecially in this his time of ſo great ne-
ceffity
Therefore he did now expect they ſhould make good what
they promiſed, and put an end to all queſtions emergent from
their delay
The Houſe of Commons faid, that Religion is above policy, God
above the King; and that they intended to reform Religion before
they ingage in any other conſideration; nor was it agreeable to the
liberty of conſultation to have their tranſactions preſcribed, fo
that they would for the preſent lay aſide the Bill of Tonnage and
Poundage till they thought convenient. And they were as good as
their words, for the firſt thing reſolved upon was the appoint-
ment of Committees, (which the Courtiers called an Inquiſition).
appointed.
One
them
Committees

96
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1628.
Religion in
danger.
Ore for Religion, another for Civil affairs, and theſe to repreſent
the abuſes in both.
The Committee for Religion declared, that upon due infpe-
etion they found it in a very tottering and declining condition.
The dangers which moſt ihreatned it were Arminianiſm and
Popery.
For Arminianiſm,informations were very pregnant, That not-
withſtanding the reſolution of the Archbiſhop of Canterbury, & other
revcrend Bilhops and Divines aſſembled at Lambeth, Anno 1595.
on pui poſe to deliver & declare their opinions concerning the ſenſe
of ihe 39. Articles in thoſc particulars, unto which reſolution the
Archbiſhop of York, and all his Province did then conform in their
belief. That notwithſtanding thoſe Articles of Lambeth were ſo
well approved of by King Fames, as he firſt ſent them over to the
Synod of Dort, as the Doctrine of our Church, where they were
aſſerted by the ſuffrage of our Britiſh Divines and after that com-
mended them to the Convocation held in Ireland to be inſerted
amongſt the Articles of Religion, eſtabliſhed An. 1615. and accor-
dingly they were.
That notwithſtanding formerly many ſeveral Recantations
enjoy ned and Cenſures inficted upon the ſpreaders of thoſe er-
rors, thoſe very men ſo cenſured in open Parliament, as Mountague,
Cozens, Manwaring, and Sibtborpe, had by the procurement and
ſolicitation of Nele Biſhop of Winchefter, and the Earl of Dorſet
obtained their pardons under the great Seal, and were not only
ſheltered under the Lee of Royal favour, but through the pre-
valency of the Biſhops of Wincheſter and London, advanced to
great preferment, whileft the Orthodox party were depreſſed, and
under inglorious diſdain, and the truth they ſerved, was ſcarce able
to protect them to impunity.
Tbc hazard conceived from Rome, and the fear left Tibur
ſhould drown the Thames, floweth from partly the uncontrolled
preaching of ſeveral points tending and warping that way, by Moun-
tague, Goodman, Cozens and others; and from the audacious obtru-
ding of divers ſuperſtitious ceremonies by the Prelates, as erect-
ing of fixed Altars, the dopping and cringing towards them,
ſtanding up at Gloria Patri.But theſe were but part-boyled Popery,
but Popery oblique, the greateſt danger was from Popery direct.
And from this the danger appeared very great ; informations
came daily in of the mighty progreſſe and increaſe of it within
theſe few years, the conteſt whereof was proved by theſe par-
ticulars: That (for Ireland) in the City of Dublin, there were
lately erected thirteen houſes for Priests and Fryers to officiate
in, more in number then the Pariochial Churches for the Prote-
{tants. For Scotland that the Papiſts have been of late very info-
lent and turbulent there. For England, that in ſome Counties
they

The Reign of King Charles.
97
they are multiplyed to the product of ſome thouſands of families | Ann. Chriſti
more then there were in Queen Elizabeth her time; That of thoſe 1628.
ten who were apprehended at Clarkenwell at the Seſſions 3. of De-
cember laſt; three of Treaſon, and the reſt of Premunire,and direct
Treaſon proved againſt three of them at the Seſſion, Mr. Selden be-
ing then preſent and teſtifying as much, yet by the artifice of the
two chef Lord Juſtices, Hide; and Richardſon, in ſuppreſſing Ju-
ſtice Longs evidence, nothing was done againſt them,ſave that one
was condemned, and the day before Execution was reprieved, by
warrant from the Chief Juſtice, who pretended he did it by the
Kings command. Lally, the exceſſive refort of Romißh Catho-
liques to Maffe at Somerſet houſe,being ſo frequent, yet ſo connived
at, and the penalty of Statutes through his Majeſties overmuch in-
dulgence lo diſpenſed with, little differing from a Toleration.
The Committee appointed for inſpection into Civil affairs re- Abuſes in the
ported, That upon ſearch they finde the Petition of Right printed Civil State,
with the Kings firſt Anſwer, which gave the Parliament no ſatis.
faction, for which the printer being queſtioned he confeffed upon
examination, that during the firſt Seſſion of this Parliament one
thouſand five hundred copies were printed aụthentique, and with-
out that addition, and that ſince that Seſſion he had order from the
Atturney General to reprint it with that addition. That many Mer-
chants have had their goods feiſed, and informations preferr'd
againſt them in the Starchamber, for refuſing to pay the cuſto mes
of Tonnage and Poandages Impoſitions againſt the tenor of the
Petition of Right, and againft the priviledge of Parliament, one
of theſe Merchants, viz. Mr. Rolles being a Member of the Houſe
of Commons: for which miſdemeanours Sir Fohn Worſham,the
Patentee of the Cuſtomes, Mr. Dawes, and Mr. Carmarthen, ſha-
rers with him, were called to account. The King finding theſe
men under the laſh, ſteps in to bear off or to bear the blows; tels
the Parliament, that what they did was but as men addicted to
A great differ-
his command, nor did he Commiſſion them to take it as of rightence between
belonging to him, but out of a firm preſumption that the Houſe of the King and
Commons, futable to their large profeffions, would grant it hiin
by Bill; which he now exceedingly deſired they would diſpatch and
ſo put an end to this diſpute.
To this the Parliament replyed that the Cuſtomers had no War-
rant from his Majeſty for all they did, as he did miſ-underſtand,
for they have diligently read his Majeſties Warrant to the Cuſto-
mers, and it only inpowereth them to levy and collect the monies,
but not to ſeiſe the Merchants goods, and are cenſurable for extra-
vagants from their Commiſſion. And as to the paſſing the Bill, they
craved his Majeſties pardon for a while, both becauſc they were at
preſent intent upon matters of Religion, and they hoped he
would not be offended if they ſerved God in the firſt place, and
O
alſo
Parliament,

98 The Reign of King Charles.
The Parlia-
ed.
Ann. Chriſti alſo becauſe at preſent, his Majeſty had put them out of capacity
1628. Ito doe it ; for in his Warrant, formerly mentioned, Tonnage and
WPoundage are declared to be a Principal revenue of his Cropon; if
fo, he had no cauſe to demand, nor they to grant what was his own
already ; therefore unleſſe that exprefion may be rectified, or
cancell'd the Record, and his Majeſty will be content that the Bill
may expreſſely and poſitively ſet forth his no right to it, but by
the gift of his ſubject, they cannot rational grant it. The King
perceiving their intention ſtill was to ſever the Cuſtomers act from
his command, thereby to make them the more expoſed to cenſure
for Delinquency, and judging it highly concerned his 'honour to
indemnifie them, iterated his deſires again to them in a meſſage
fent by Secretary Coke, that they would defift from further mole
ſting theſe men, intimating withall that what they did was by his
cſpecial direction; the Houſe in much diſtaſte at this meſſage in-
ſtantly cry'd Adjourn, Adjours, and ſo they did , until the Wed-
ment adjourn neſday following, on which day the King alſo by the advice of his
Privy Councel Adjourned them until the 2. of March : hoping
thereby that giving them the more time to cool of themſelves, it
would ſoften their temper. But having certain intelligence from his
correſpondents in the lower Houſe, that the heat did rather intend
And again,
then relax, he reſolved to Adjourn again untill the 10, of March,
But the Houſe being mer on the 2. of March; up riſeth Sir Fohn
Eliot in the morning, and makes a tart and ſtinging ſpeech againſt
the Lord Treaſurer, fixing all the ills both of Church and State
upon him, and in particular charging him with a deſign of tranſ-
ferring the Engliſh trade to Forianers. What he then delivered
was in part prognoſticated by the King, who knew it even an Em-
bryo, and in the firſt conception; for it rarely happens, that what
many know, none will diſcover, be it a ſecret of never ſo great
importance, cſpecially where men are, as theſe were, of a free and
open ſpirit. Sir Fohns invective being ended, the Speaker decla-
red a meſſage from the King commanding an Adjournment un
till the 10. of that inſtant, wherewith the Houſe being diſcontented
told him, it was not within the verge of his Office to deliver ſuch a
Meſſage, that Adjournment properly belonged to themſelves, and
that in time convenient they would ſatisfie the Kings pleaſure :
then again upriſeth Sir Föhn with a Remonſtrance, which he
preſented to the reading, but both the Speaker and Clerk refuſed
it, and being reſtored to him he read it himſelf, the ſubſtance being
to this effect.
That they had taken into conſideration the forming of a Bill
for Tonnage
and Poundage, but were ſo overlaid with the preſſures
of other buſineſſe, and found that affair it felf a matter ſo perplexi
with ſeveral difficulties, which would require much leiſure to
diſcharge, that at that time accompliſh it they could not, this pre-
fent

I he Reign of King Charles.
99
on,
ſent S: ffio, moving (as they conje&tured ) apace to determinati - Ann. Chriſti
And left his Majeſty should hercafter (as formerly he did) | 1628.
incline to the advice of ſervile ſpirits, or be abuſed into a perſwa-
fion that he might legally and juſtly receive thoſe ſubſidies of Ton-
nage and Poundage, they humbly dclare to him, that the laying
any fuch Impoſition upon the Subject is contrary to the funda-
mental law of the Kingdome, and to his Majeltics late Anſwer to
the Petition of Right. And the efore they lowly crave his Majeſty
would for the future forbear ſuch taxes, and r.ot to take ill the refu-
fal of his people, to what is demanded by Arbitrary and unwarran-
cable power.
This Remonftrance being read, the Speaker was moved to put
it to the vote, whether it ſhould be preſented to the King, yea , or
nay. But he craved pardon, alleadging that the King exprefly
ordered him to leave the Houſe, and attempting to riſe from his
chair, he was by force and ſtrong hand ſtayed, (Mr. Hollis ſwear-
ing, (ſo my information hath it) a deep Oath, that he ſhould fit
till as long as they pleaſed; and when neither threats nor reproaches
could prevail, Sir Peter Hayman moved Mr. Hollis to read theſe
enſuing Articles as the Proteſtation of the Houſe.
1. Whoſoever ſhall bring in Innovation of Religion, The Proteftati-
or by favour ſiek to introduce Popery or Armini-on of the
anilin, or other Opinions diſagreeing from the true and
Orthodox Church, Shall be reputed a Capital Enemy to
this Kingdonze and Common-wealth.
2. Whoſoerder ſhall counſel, or adviſe the taking and
levying of the Subfidies of Tonnage and Poundage
not being granted by Parliament, or ſhall be an actor or
inftrumént therein, ſhall be likewiſe reputed a Capital
Enemy to this Commonwealth.
3. If any man ſhall voluntarily yeeld, or pay the ſaid
Subſidies of Tonnage or Poundage, not being granted
by Parliament, he ſhall be reputed a betrayer of the Li-
berties of England, and an Enemy to this Common-
wealtb.
Theſe he pronouncing with a loud voyce, the Houſe gave their
Epiphonema and applauſe at every cloſe and period.
Theſe diſtempers continued ſo long, and with ſo quick and high
a pulſe, as the King had early notice of them, who forthwith ſent
for the Serjant of the Mace, but the Houſe would not permit him
to depart, but taking the Key of the door from him , gave it to
Sir Miles Hobart a Member of the Houſe to keep. The King deep-
Commons
9
O 2
ly

100
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann, Chriſti ly incenſed at theſe exceedings of contempt, fent Maxwell Liner
1628. of the Black Rod to diſſolve the Parliament, but neither le nor
his meſſage would be admitted, whereupon the King much cn-
raged fent for the Captain of the Penſioners and the guard to force
an entrance. But this paſſion, that ſhut out the King, yet let ſo
much reaſon in, as perſwaded them it was good ſceping in an hole
skin, and underſtanding the Kings intention, they fuddenly voided
the Houſe.
Soon after this, that very morning, the King came into the Lords
houſe and beſpake them thus,
The Kings
ſpeech at the
ment,
My Lords,
I never came bere upon ſo unpleaſant an occa-
ditolution of Sion, it being the diſſolution of a Parliament;
Therefore men may have ſome cauſe to wonder,
mby I ſhould not rather chuſe to doe this by Com-
miſſion, it being a general Maxime of Kings
, to
leave barſh commandstotheir Miniſters, them-
ſelves onely executing pleaſing things. Yet con-
ſidering that Juſtice as well confifts in reward
and praiſe of virtue ,as puniſhing of vice, I thought
it neceſary to come bere to day to declare to you
and all the World, that it was meerly the unduti-
full and ſeditious carriage of the lower Houſe
,
that bath made the diſſolution of this Parliament
,
And you my Lords are ſo far from being cauſes
of it, that I take as much comfort in your dutiful
demeanours, as I am justly diſtaſted with their pro-
ceedings. Yet to avoid miſtakings,let me tell you,
that it is ſo far from me to adjudge all that Houſe
guilty, that I know there are many there as duti
ful Subjects as any in the world, it being but fome
few Vipers amongſt them, that did caſt this miſt of
3
Un-

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
ΙΟΙ
1628.
undutifulneſſe over moſt of their eyes; yet to ſay Am. Cbrifi
truth, there was a good number there, that could
not be infečted with this contagion, in fomuch that
ſome did expreſſe their duties in ſpeaking, which
was the general fault of the Houſe the laſt day.
To conclnde as theſe Vipers muſt look for their
reward of puniſhment, ſo you my Lords muſt juſtly
expect from me that favour and protection, that a
good King owerb to bis loving and dutiful No-
bility
And now my Lord Keeper do what I
de commanded
you.
mar
BROM
ration,
The King having thus diffolved the Parliament, or rather The King fers
broke up School, thought thoſe whom he now called Vipers had forth a Decla-
not in the houſe of Commons ſpit up all their malignity, but reſerved
ſome to diſperſe and diſpoſe of in the Countrey, whereby an ill
odour might be caſt upon his Government, and the hcarts of his
people alienated from him: as an antidote therefore againſt that
poyſon, and to anticipate all miſ-underſtanding he ſpeedeth out a
Declaration, ſetting forth to all his Subjects the motives perſwa-
ding him to diſſolve the Parliament, and a breviate of all the
tranſactions in this, and the former Seſſion ; withall minding them
in the cloſe of all, that the Duke of Buckingham was decry'd, while
he lived, as the ſolitary cauſe of all bad events of former Parlia-
aments, that he is dead, and yet the diſtempers not in the leaſt
abaſed, which he takes as an argument that they were miſtaken in
the cauſe, and that it was reſident in ſome few members of the
Parliament. 2. ist
Kings love to be treated with the moſt obliging careſſes and
debonair comportment that may be. And uſually they derive
aſperity, not ſo much from innate and inbred proclivity, as from
the proteivity and incomplyingnefſe of their people, an humour
able to fowre and change the beſt diſpoſitions. They who ſhall
caſt a reflex upon thoſe wofull miſeries which were the conſe-
quences of this unhappy dif-union, may perhaps find cauſe to
think, they could not have been worſe, poſſibly better, had the
Parliament been more complacent. But tis no wonder to find fai-
lings

102
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
oned.
Ann. Chiſti lings in the cor.crete maſſe, when in folutis principiis
, and taken a-
1628. ſunder every unite exhibites and fhewethno leſſe. True it is in affem-
blies ſo auguft, ſo majeſtique, all things ſhould be managed with
the greateſt repoſc of paffion, the Scnators ſhould be like their
Lawes, void of anger. But men will be ever men whatſoever they
be, be they Chriſtians ; whereſcever they be, be they convered in
Parliament, their frailtics, their paffions, yea and their intereſts
Naz. Epift. too, they ſtill carry along with them, which made Gregory Na-
Zianzen complain of Councels, That he never ſaw ang one era
well, and what he ſaid of Councels, King Charles might with as
much verity, have pronounced (as to his content) of Parliaments,
nor any one he ſummoned having had any termination other then
diſguftfull to him.
Many Mem The King having as he hoped dif-abuſed the Subject by his
bers queſti-
late Declaration, next intended to proceed feverely againſt thoſe
who had offended him, and whoſe pnnifliment, he ſaid, he
re-ferved 10 a due time. Upon this account the 18. of this
Moncth, he ſent for ten of the late members to appear at the
Councell Table, viz. Mr. Hollis, Sir Miles Hobart, Sir John
Eliot, Sir Peter Hayman, Mr. Selden, Mr. Stroud, Mr. Co-
riton, Mr. Valentine, Mr. Long, Mr, Kirton. Thoſe appca-
ring, Mr. Hollis was interrogated, wherefore ( contrary to his
former uſe ) he did, the morning the Parliament was diffolved,
place himſelf by the Chair, above divers of the Privie Coun-
(cllors,
H He anſwered,
That be had some other times as well as tben, feated himſelf
in that place. And as for his fitting above the Privie Counſellors,
he took it to be his dae in any place whatſoever (unleſe at the
Counſel-board) And, for his párt, he came into the Houje with as
much Zeal zo do his Majeſty ſervice as any one whatſoever ; And
yet neverthelele, finding his Majeſty was offereded with him, he hum-
bly deſired that he might rather be the ſubject of his mercy then of his
To which the Lord Treafurer anſwered, You mean rather of his
Majeſties mercy, then of his juſtice. U
Mr. Hollis reply'd, I say of his Majesties power my Lord.
Sir John Eliot next call'd in, was queſtioned for words he ſpake
in the Lower-houſe of Parliament, and for producing the laſt
Remonſtrance. blou on
cotidio song
DOD To this he anſwered, longuemoon para
That whatſoever was ſaid or done by him in that place, and af
that time, was performed by him as a publickian, and a member of
shat Houſe, and that he was, and ever will be ready to give an accouns
of his Sayings and doings in that place whenfoever he ſhould be
called usto it by that Houſe, where (as he taketh is) he is
only
OS
pewer.'oison

The Reign of King Charles.
103
man
önly to be queſtioned, and in the mean time being now but a private Ann. Chriſti
he would not now trouble him ſelf to remember what he ſaid or did 1628.
in that place as a publick man.
Sir Miles Hobart was alſo queſtioned for locking the Parlia-
ment Houſe door, and putting the key in his pocket : to which he
pleaded the command of the Houſe.
The other Gentlemen were queſtioned for reproving the
Speaker, and not permitting him to do what the King comman-
ded him, who all alledged in their defence the Privilege of the
Houſe.
Afier this they were committed, fome to the Tower, fome to
the Gate-houſe, and ſome to the Fleet, and May the 1. the
Atturney ſent a proceſſe our againſt them to appear in the Stara
chamber, and to anſwer an information to be entred there a-
gainſt them: but they refuſed; as denying the Juriſdi&tion of that
Court over offences done in Parliament : which created the
greateſt and longeſt controverfie in Law that had been ſtarted of
many years.
About the later end of March, the Marqueſſe Huntly (with Stirs in Scor-
the Earles of Arol, Athol, Nidsdale, and Abercorn, of the Scot- land about the
tiſh Nobility) came running away to the Court of England, Huntly
.
as faſt as his old legs cold carry him, being ſeventy two years
aged; his cold Countrey being grown too hot for him : the occa-
fion this.
The Marqueffe was hereditary Sheriff of a great part of Scot-
land, where his Lands lay. At Aberden, the Papifts poſted up a
treacherous libel: not long after which, the Prieſts and Feuites
ſaid Maffe openly. This coming to the Councels hearing, they
wrote to the Marquelle, as high Sheriffe,to cauſe with all ſpeed thoſe
Prieſts and their abettors to be apprehended, and fafely ſent to
Edinburgh, yet not preſcribing any certain day. The Marqueje
took the Letters, neglected the ſervice, and gave no account to the
Councel: whereupon they wrote a ſecond letter, commanding him
that the ſervice be done by a preciſe day, and that himſelf appear
alſo beſorc them to anſwer the contempt. Notwithſtanding all
this, the Marqueffe ftill neglected, and in ſtead of apprehending
them, gave them notice to eſcape; but ſent in the interim to the
Councel, craving a longer day. The Councel would not grant
it, but inſtantly cauſed the Herald in his coat of Armes to wind the
Horn thrice, and at every time to ſummon the Marqueſſe and
the Earls. None of which appearing, the Herald proclaimed
chem Rebels to the King and Kingdome. And while the
Councel was plotting to apprehend them, they took their flight for
England.
The next moneth returned Sir Henry Fane from the Hague, his
errand thither was to make a tender to the Lady Elizabeth from
the

104
I be Reign of King Charles.
France and
Ann. Chriſti
the Emperour of thirty thouſand pounds per annum, for her main-
1629.
tenance, and a place of habitation within the Palatinate, upon con-
dition, the ſhould ſend her eldeſt ſon to be educated in the Em-
pcrours Court, and to marry one of his Daughters : whereunto
The ( miſtaking the meſſage to be the Kings delire, which was but
his bare propoſall) magnanimouſly replyed; I do honour my Bro.
ther of England, as becomes me, yet he is but a man, and may fail me;
God never forfouk me get, and I am confident never will. Andra-
ther then I would ſuffer my childe to be bred in Idolatry, I would
cut his throat with mine own hand. So erect a minde had ſhe in her
loweſt ftare.
This Spring the Queen (ſome fly frighted with ſome boyſteroul-
neffe of a maſtiff towards her little dogs in the Preſence chamber)
not complearing her proper time of geſtation:, aborted of a ſon, yet
having life in him, her Prieſts were wondrous earneſt to baptize
him, but the King ſtepping in prevented them and charged Dr. Web
to officiate, and name him Charles, he lived about an hour, and then
expired.
Peace between About the ſame time alſo, the Seigniory of Venice by her Am-
baffadours was induſtrious to procure amity between the Crowns
England.
of England and France, and Lewes being in his Tranſ-Alpine expe-
dition at Safa for the relief of Caſal, they procured it modeld into
theſe enſuing Articles.
1. That the two Kings ſhall accord to renew the former Alliance
between the two Crowns, and to preſerve it inviolable with free
commerce. And in reference to the ſaid commerce liberty is given
that ſuch things be propoſed, as either part ſhall judge convenient
either to add or diminiſh.
2. That conſidering it is very difficult to make reſtitution of
what hath been taken
as prize, as well on one ſide as the other,
during the late wars; it is agreed between the two Crowns, that
for what is paſt no fatisfaction ſhall be demanded on either
fide.
3. As to the Articles and contract of marriage of the Queen of
Greut Britain, they ſhall be confirmed, and for what concerneth her
Domeſtiques it ſhall be lawful to propoſe what Ihall be thought ex-
pcdient to be cither added or diminiſhed.
4. All former Alliances ſhall ſtand good between the two
Crowns, faving wherein they fhall be changed by this preſent
Treaty.
hogy a VO
5.15. The two King's being by this preſent Treaty remitted
to the affection they formerly had, ſhall reſpectively imploy
this correſpondence toward the afſtance of their Allies (ſo far
as the conſtitution of affairs, and the generall good will per
mit) for the procuring the repofc of the troubles of Chri-
ſtendom.
6. The

The Reign of King Charles.
105
6. The premiſes being eitabliſhed on both ſides, Perſons of Ann. Chriſti
eminency Mall be reciprocally diſpatcht as Ambaſſadours on ci- 1629
ther part for ratification of the accord, and for nomination of
Agents ordinarily reſident at either Court, for the better pre-
ſerving this union.
7. And becauſe many ſhips are now at Sea, with letters of
Marque, who cannot ſuddenly take cognizance of this Peace, it
is agreed that what ſhall occur in Me nature of hoſtility for the
ſpace of two months on either ſide, ſhall not prejudice nor dero-
gate from this agreement. Provided notwithſtanding, that what
ſhall be made prize of within that ſpace of two months after ſigna.
ture, ſhal.be reſtored on either ſide.
8. Laſtly, the two Kings ſhall reſpectively ſign the preſent Ar-
ticles, the 14 of this preſent month of April, and at the ſame time
they ſhall be conſigned into the hands of the Lords Ambaſſadours
of Venice, to deliver reciprocally to the two Kings at a day prefixt.
And from the day of ſigning all acts of hoſtility ſhall ceaſc, to
which end Proclamation thall be iſſued out in both Kingdomes the
20. day of May.
Nothing was wanting now to the perfecting of this League
but the ultime and compleating act, the ſolemn confirmation by
Oath. To which intent Ambaſſadours were fent on both ſides
the September following. From England Sir Thomas Edmunds
Controller of the Kings houſe. From France the Marqueſe of
Chateau-neuf, who had both of them reception agreeable to the
merit of the deſign.
The King bad all the reaſon in the world to bid peace welcome,
for Martial affaires be they conducted by never ſo mature ad-
vice, or carryed on with never fo gallant reſolution, have yet a
great dependence upon the arbitrament of Fortune ; and Fortune
the King had fadly felt, in the diſpenſation of victory ever lookt
another way. Again he was ſinew-ſhrunk , and wanted money
the finews of war, his Exchequer being profoundly dry, and one
of the nobleſt and beneficial ſprings not obſtructed but cut off.
This his condition was obſerved abroad as well as at home;
and by his enemies as well as friends, and his felicity it was that
thoſe enemies which obſerved it were in no capacity to make any
other advantage of it then overtures of peace. And this was now Overcures of
the grand amb.tion of that ambitious Monarch, the King of Spain, Peace with
who was by many late conſiderable misfortunes brought ridi-
culouſly (I had almoſt ſaid pitifully ) low. So low, as Paſquin
poſted him up in Rome in a Fryers habit, asking Marforius, whoſe
picture that was ? Marforius replyed, The King of Spains. Paſquin
demands the reaſon; Becauſe, ſaid Marforius, be had lately taken
three vows upon him, One of poverty, ever ſince the Hollanders
took the Weſt-India Fleet. The other of obedience, ſince the
P
French

106 The Reign of King Charles.
Peter Reuben
Ann. Chriſti French with words and geſtures onely, made him quit Caſal, and all
1629. Montferrat. And laſtly of Chaſtity, when his grand Pimp the Conde
de Olivares fhall give him leav'.
To folicite this Peace, Peter Reuben the famous rich Painter of
the Spanish
Antwerp, Secretary and Gentleman of the Chamber to the Arch.
Agent,
ducheffe, as Agent was tranſmitted hither, and bad very fair for
it, tendering the reſtitution of the lower Palatinate, then which
nothing was more magnetique and attractive, had the Spaniſh
faith been as good as his gold: but that was reprobated all over
the Weſtern World; fo as Marquefle Spinola being told of this
prodigious offer, ſaid, The King of Spain may gild his deſign with
wbat promiſes be pleaſe, but, Jure I am, he meaneth nothing leffe
then the reſtitution of the Palatinate. Antecedent experience of
the juggling practiſes of the Spaniard, did much retard the
pro-
greffe of the League, and Reuben was not p'enipotentiary enough
to accompliſh that work, but it was reſerved for a Don of moreil-
luſtrious grandure, and he was not yet arrived.
In Trinity Term the Judges were much urged to declare their
opinions concerning the demurrer of the Gentlemen Priſoners
about the power of the Star-chamber ; but that was a tender point,
loth they were to diſpleaſe the King, and as loth to blemiſh their
reputation with prevaricating from the law, ſo that they feigned
many an excuſe and put off, at length the King being at Green-
wich, fent for them all twelve; Mr. Attarney was turn-key, pro
tempore, and let them in ſingle at one door, and they went away
at another. As they entred, one by one, the King comman-
ded them to declare boldly without reſpect to fear or fa-
vour under their hands what they thought; ſeven of them, by
name Richardſon Yelverton, Hutton, Harvey, Crook, the Lord Chief
Barox and Baron Denham, theſe offered to ſubſcribe their opnions,
That the Star-chamber had no juriſdiction over Parliament offences;
the other five diffented, but refuſed to ſubſcribe, whereat the King
was exceeding wroth, and chid them foundly, as the betrayers of
him to the belief of what was repugnant to the law.
A fray in Soon after the Term Fiely the 10 towards night there hap
Fleetſtreet.
pened a ſcurvy fray in Fleet ſtreet. For one Captain Bellingham,
late at the Iſle of Rhe, being that afternoon arreſted, fome Gentle
men of the Temple made an attempt towards his reſcue ſo far, as
ſome were hurt and carryed to priſon: thereupon the Gentle-
men of the Temple afſembled, made a Barricado about St. Dun-
ftans Church, which the Lord Mayor being informed of, he and
the Sheriffs with a band of Train men, came down and made
Proclamation, thar upon pain of Rebellion the hole aſſembly
ſhould diffolve : but the Gentlemen prepared for reſiſtance, and
being armed with ſwords and piſtols to the number of five or
fix hundred, they gave fire upon the Lord Mayors milicia
killd

The Reign of King Charles.
107
fined.
kill'd outright five, and wounded neer an hundred: the King was | Ann. Chriſti
ſo highly incenſed at the news of this uproar, as he preſently ſent 1629.
for the Lord Chief Fustice up to London, reſolving to have a
Seffion extraordinary for the arraignment of the malcfactors; at
which being held in Gaild Hall about a Fortnight after , two Ca-
prains, Afhærft, and Stamford, (the Dukes ſervant and famous
wraftler) were found guilty, condemned and executed at Tyburn.
Stamfords Relatives made great means to the King for his life ;
but he ſaid, no, He murdered a Watchman before at Duke Humphries,
for which he was pardoned, and having committed another, I will také
order to prevent the third.
In the beginning of November the Earls of Bedford, Somerſet, and The Barles of
Clare, Sir Robert Cotton, Mr. Selden, Mr. Saint-Föhn and others Bedford and
were committed, and an information entred in the Star.chamber Somerſet con-
againft them, for diſperſing copies of a Diſcourſe, being a Rhap-
ſõdy of Projects, tending to the augmentation of the Kings re-
venue and to diſcover an impertinence in Parliaments : It was pre-
tended to have been penned for the inſtruction of the King, but
it was a falſe ſuggeſtion, and diſcovered by Sir David Femles
upon Oath, that it was contrived about 1613. by Sir Robert Dudly
at Florence, ſo that the Bill fell to the ground.
Fanuary the 1. Don Carlos de Colomas, now twice Ambaffadour
from Spain to England, arrived, and had audience ſix dayes after
at the Banquetting houſe; his deportment and mean was more de-
bonair then uſual, and therefore promiſed better of his Nego-
tiation,
The pitcher that goes oft to the water, at length returns home
crackt; and in Hillary term the Gentlemen Priforers arguing their
Plea by their Councel at the Kings-Bench-Bar againſt the power
of that Court to queſtion any thing done in Parliament, the
Fudges of the Kings Bench delivered their opinions poſitively,
that their crimes were within the cognizance of the Court; For
elſe, ſaid they, ſhould a Parliament man commit murder in
time of Parliament, he cannot be tryed nor arrained until a new
Parliament ; and for confirmation of their opinions they quoted
many Precedents, cſpecially that of Plowden in Queen Mary's time;
who was fined in the Kings Bench for words ſpoke in Parliament
againſt the Dignity of the Queen. Hereupon the Gentlemen had a
time prefixe them to bring in their anſwer ; but they making fe-
veral defalts, fentence was pronounced againſt them, they being
deeply fined, and confined until they ſhould enter bond for their
good behaviour ; which ſome of them would never yeeld to, and
ended their dayes in priſon.
April the 10. dyed William Earl of Pembroke and Lord High 1630.
Steward of England of an Apoplexy; the night before he ſup- William Earl
of Pembroke
ped with the Countelſe of Bedford at Devonſhire houſe without
Bifhops
dyed,
P2

108
The Reign of King Charles.
His Character.
Ann. Chriſti
Biſhops gate, very jocund he was at ſupper, eſpecially rejoycing
that the day before, being his Birth day, he had attained the age
1629. of fifty years, hoping now he ſhould reach his Fathers account, who
lived tilí fixiy four, and to ſee many happy days. After ſupper he re-
tired to Bayñards Caſtle his houſe, where he fare up till midnight,
and was very well: but after he had been a while in bed(his Ladyby
him)he fetcht a moſt profound groan, whereat ſhe not being able to
wake him, ſhricked out for Company, who coming in,found him
ſpeechleſſe, in which condition he remained till 8.
next morning,
and then dyed. It was ſaid that Mr. Allen a Mathematician at Ox
ford, had calculated his Nativity many years before, and could
not give any hopes of his life beyond his 50. year. H: dyed in
teftate, and left of debts to pay eighty thouſand pounds. He was
ſcarce cold before the Earl of Arundel begg’d the cuſtody of his
Counteſſe, upon pretence that ſhe was not mentis compos, and
crackt in her brain ; and becauſe his fon the Lord Maltravers
was her next heir in right of his mother, ſiſter and coheir with
her and the Counteffe of Kent, all three being the inheretrices
of the Earl of Shrewsbury's Eftate. But her affection ſtood
more cnclined to her Brother the Earl of Mountgomery, and
therefore the King granted him the diſpoſition of her.
He was the very picture and vive effigies of Nobility; His
perſon rather Majeſtique , then elegant; his preſence whether
quiet, or in motion, full of ſtately gravity; his minde generous
and purely heroique, often ſtout, but never diſloyal, To vehe-
ment an opponent of the Spaniard, as when that Match fell un-
der confideration, he would ſometimes rouze to the trepidation of
King Fames, yet kept in favour ftill; for that King knew plain
dealing as a jewel in all men, ſo was in a Privy Counſeller an
Ornamental duty; and the ſame true heartednefle commended
him to King Charles, with whom he kept a moft admirable
correſpondence, and yet ſtood the firm Confident of the Com-
monalty, and not by a ſneaking cunning, but by an erect and ge-
nerous prudence, ſuch as rendred him unſuſpected of ambition
on the one ſide, as of faction on the other. This univerſality of
affection made his loſſe moſt deplorable. But men are loſt when all
turns to forgotten duft. That affection would not that he ſhould
be non-pluſt ſo, but kept his Noble fame emergent and aloft : and
if this Hiſtory ſhall help to bear it up, I ſhall think it not more his
felicity then mine own.
This Spring the Royal ſtemme germinated and put forth ano
ther gemme, the Queen being delivered May the 29. of her ſecond
Son, not living only, but lively; ſurpaſſing exultation there was
thereat, and all the Court kept Jubile; all the great ones both
Lords and Ladies went now on Maying to St. Fameſes to ſee the
Royal bleſſing and hope of England. Fure the 27. he was in
moſt

The Reign of King Charles.
109
moſt refulgent pomp carryed to the ſacred. Font, and named Ann, Chriſti
Charles. God-fathers and Witneſſes were the King of France, and 1629.
the Prince Electør, reprcſented by the Duke of Lennox, and Mar.lv
queſſe Hamilton: of the other ſex the Queen Mother of France,
whoſe ſubſtitute was the Dutcheſe of Richmond.
bat 2
In the mean time the King was in contemplation with his brother An Embaffa-
the Paltz grave's preſſures, and how to relieve him; and becauſe Germany.
he gave but ſlender credit to thc Spaniſh promiſes and had intelli-
gence of a Diet and general Aſſembly to be kept at Ratisbone this
Summer he ſent over Sir Robert Anſtruther in the quality of an Am-
baffadour, who arriving there, and being admitted to audience be-
fore the Emperour and Eſtates of Germany, he delivered his meſfage cash
to this effcct.
bolomo
Ik baditoinn
That nothing did affect his Mafter the King of Great Britain
more, then the confideration of the daily calamities undergone by
bis Brother the Prince Elector, his wife and children; that he
d'eemed no place more expedient where to treat of their reconcili-
ation, and re-eſtabliſhment then in this Diet; therefore he made
it bis moft ardent requeſt to his Imperial Majeſty, that baving
regard to the many interceßions of his late Father, and other Kings
and Princes, he would remit the diſpleaſure conceived against his
Brother, and recal the profcription iſſued out againjt him. True
it is, bis Brother had offended, and was inexcufably guilty, (on-
lefle the rafhineffe and precipitation of youth may somewhat plead
for him): but others had been as culpable as he, whom get his Im-
perial Majeſty received into grace and favour, and would he be
pleaſed to extend to him the same clemency, it would oblige his
Mafter to demonftrations of deepeſt gratitude, and raiſe a glori-
ous emulation in others to imitate ſo Majeſtique a pattern. That
the Paltzgrave would entertain this favour with an heart fo firmly
devoted to his ſervices, as all the intention of his Spirit ſhould be
diſpoſed 10 compenſation and reparation of his by-paji miſcarriages:
That his Maſter held nothing ſo dear, as the affection of his im.
perial Majeſty, and eſtabliſhment of a durable peace between them.
And as soon all occaſions he hath been forward to repreſent
himſelf ſolicitous of it, ſo at this time he is ready to give more
ample Teftimony, if his Imperial Majeſty be pleaſed to incline to
a Treaty. Das
The Emperour and Eſtates gave Sir Robert fair reſpect, but as
to his meffage returned anſwer, that the preſent affairs of Germany,
which called them thither, were of that important concernment as
they would not admit of any forain debate ; but when leiſure
ſerved, the King his Maſter ſhould have ſuch ſatisfaction as would
be agrecable to their honour, and they hoped to his content. Thus
the Ambaffadour returned re infecta.
Leighton a fiery Scot this year was mct with, his. Sions Plea
brought
>

II
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti brought him to ſtand in need of the Balme of Gilead. That wilde
1630 Pamphlet was wrote during the late Parliament, and to thiem dedi-
cated in that he excited the Parliament and people to kill all the
Leighton a Biſhops, and to maite them under the fift tib; he inveighed againſt
Scoi cenſured the Queen, calling her the Daughter of Heth, a Canaanite, and
Idolatreffe. For theſe and other leditious paſſages, he was ſentenced
more in the Star-Chamber to bave bis ears cropt, his noſe llit; his forehead
Aigmatized, and to be whipped. But between ſentence and execu-
tion, be made an eſcape out of the Fleer, but by good hap to the
Warden, was re-taken in Bedfordſhire and underwent the punish-
ment.adi
Peace between - Now began we and Spain to cement again, the peace being
England and
driven to the head, and fully compleated, the Articles were pre-
Spain.
ciſely the ſame with thoſe concluded formerly becweco King
Fames and Philip the third, and for the Palatinate, no further en-
gagement, but only, that the King of Spain ſhould diſpofe of all
his intereit in the Emperour towards the reſtitution of his Bra-
ther the Prince Ele&tor. But it was a Peace, and though not in all
points fully adequate to the Kings content, yet readily embraced
becauſe he was not then in ftate to better it. But though the Peace
was none of the beſt, yet was the ſolempity in publication thereof
nonc of the leaſt, yea not inferiour to others of much higher a-
vailes.
On Sunday, November the 27. it was by the hole Colledge of He-
ralds inounced on horſeback in their rich Surcoats, proclaimed both
at white-hall Gate, and in Pauls Churchyard, and at cheapſide
Croffe, the Lord Maior with his confraternity of Aldermen alſo
mounted, and in their Scarlets. On Tueſday the King and the
Spanib Ambaffador deſcended into the Chappell, continuing in
their traverſes untill an Ant hy wine was ſung. Then the Biſhop of
London ( Laud) as Dean of the Chappel, attended by three other
Biſhops, all in their Copes, aſcended up to the Altar with a La.
tine Bible in his hand. Then the King and Ambaſſador iſſuing
our of the Traverſes, the King laid his hand on the Book, whileñt
Secretary Coke read the Oath; and that done, be kift it, figning
withall the Articles of the Peace, which he delivered up to the
Spaniſh Ambaſſador. After this they all went up to the Banquet-
ting houſe, where a moft princely and ſumptuous dinner was pro-
vided for them. ?
Bur the Subject paid the reckning. For his Majeſty being ſtimu-
lated with want and diſguſting Parliaments was enforced to call in
the aid of his Prerogative.
There was, it ſeems, an old skulking ſtatute long ſince out of
Knighthood. uſe, though not out of force, which enjoyned all lubjects, who
had not ſome ſpecial priviledge, to appear at the Coronation of
cvery King, ad arma gerenda, to bear armes (ner to be made
Knights
The Tax of

The Reign of King Charles.
III
Knights, as was vulgurly ſuppoſed) that is, to preſent themſelves Ann. Chrifti
before the Lord High Chamberlain, who (if the Kings ſervice fo 1630.
required) was to deliver to every man a Belt and Sur-coat out of
the Kings Wardrobe ; and if, upon four daies attendance, they
were not imployed, they might depart to their ſeverall homes.
But they who were guilty of default and made no appearance,
were to ſubmit to fine. This was now the caſe of the almoſt
whole Kingdomes whereupon November laſt, Commiflions were
iſſued to all the Sheriffes throughout England to return the names
of all ſuch perſons who had eſtates liable to make fine. And
upon this account was brought into the Exchequer, an entrado of
at leaſt one hundred thouſand pounds.
This peace between England and Spain begat a war in Eng. The Jeſuites
land and Ireland between Spain and France, I mean between the and ſecular
Fefuites, who are the profeſt clientelaries and vafals of the Ca. Prieſts at
odds.
tholique King, and the ſecular Prieſts, men more addicted to the
King of France: the radix and ground of this conteſt was
this.
The Papacy having in England and Ireland her cmiffaries for
the planting of a Goſpel which Chriſt nor his Apoſtles never
dreamt of, expedient it was thought both for the ordaining of
Prieſts, and confirmation of perſons baptized, that a Biſhop
ſhould be ſent amongſt them; to which purpoſe Pope Gregory
the 15 delegated one William Biſhop, entituled the Biſhop of Chal-
cedon. Anno 1624 Biſhop died, after him ſucceeded by miſſion
from Urban the 8, anno 1625, Richard Smith with the ſame title;
Smith was a buſie fellow, and took upon him more then Biſhop,
for he arrogated to himſelf 'the approbation of ſuch regular
Prieſts as were to be ſtanding Confeffors, which the Fefsites thought
an uſurpation upon their Juriſdiction, whereupon a conſpiracy is
entred to diſpatch him hence, a Declaration is contrived under the
name of the moſt Noble and eminent Catholiques againſt his preten-
ded authority, withall aſſerting all fufficient power in the Regulars
to all thoſe intents, and the no-necclity of having any Biſhop at all.
This Declaration in the nick of his departure hence, for Spain, to
prevent more fatisfactory informations, was offered to the Spa-
niſh Ambaſſador Don Carlos de Coloma. And the Bishop fo per-
fecuted by the Fefuites, as finding himſelf in no capacity of
ſtanding an open conteſt by reaſon of his skulking condition,
cauſed through the Kings Proclamation againſt him, he was en-
forced to ſeek his ſafety abroad, and eſcaped into France. Smith
thus frighted away from his charge, one Kellifon Rector of the
College of Doway, in a Tract vindicates the authority and di-
vinc right of Epiſcopacy; but Kwott, Vice-provincial of the
Engliſh Feſuites, and Flood, another Feuite of St. Omers, un-
dertook Kellifons confutation, and their Books were no ſooner
cxtant

112
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
extant,
but teing diſcuſt by the College of Sorbon, were by
the Faculty of Paris cenſured and condemned. But the Contro-
1630. verfie flept not fo, but was reciprocated and bandied from one
ſide to another in infinitum, as you may read at large in Aure-
lius.
Nor was this bickering the only product of our peace, but
the Romiſh Catholiques began to rant it in Ireland, and to exer-
ciſe their fancies called Religion fo publiquely, as if they had gained
a Toleration. For whileft the Lords Juſtices were at Church in
Dublin, they were celebrating Maſſe, which the Lords Fuſtices
taking notice of, they fent the Arch-biſhop of Dublin, the Maior,
Sheriffes, and Recorder of the town to apprehend them ; which
they did, taking away the Crucifixes, Chalices, and Paraments
of the Altar, the Souldiers hewing down the Image of St. Fran-
cis. The Prieſts and Friers were delivered into the hands of the
Purſevants, at whom the people threw ſtones and reſcued them.
The Lords Fuftices informed of this, fent a guard and delivered
them, and clapt eight Popiſh Aldermen by the heels for not
attending their Maior. Upon the account of this preſumption,
fifteen houſes were ſeiſed to the Kings uſe, and the Friers and
Prieſts ſo perſecuted, as two hanged themſelves in their own de
fence.
This winter the Marqueſſe Hamilton was very active in mu-
ſtering up his Forces for the King of Swedens affiſtance againſt the
next Spring, and the King haftned him to diſpatch his levy with
all the ſpeed he could, in regard he had freſh and certain intelli-
gence of a very great victory that King had lately obtained
againſt the Imperialiſts ; Tily, it ſeemes, conducted a numerous
Army of Thirty three thouſand Foor, and ſeven hundred Horſe
for the relief of Roftock, then beſieged by the King of Sweden:
the King alarum’d at his coming, drew out of his trenches
Seventeen thouſand Foot and Six hundred Horſe to entertain
him. The firſt encounter was ſharp, and coſt the King above
a thouſand men; whereat the King fired with gallant courage,
camc undauntedly up to the Count, and gave him ſo terrible a
ſhock, as made his Vantguard to brandle, diſordered both Bat-
rail and Rere, routed all the Imperial Army, ſlew Three thou-
ſand on the place, took Sixteen Pieces of Ordinance, Thirty En-
ſignes, Thirty two Cornets of Horſe; and immediately ſtormed
the Town and carryed it.
For the incouragement of the Marqueſſe in this expedition, the
King gave him the impoſt upon the Wincs in Scotland, which
would amount to Twenty thouſand pounds per annum; and as a
great part of their maintenance was to be derived from Scotland,
ſo were the Auxiliaries themſelves to conſiſt for the moſt part
of that Nation. For the King of Sweden had by experience
found

The Reign of King Charles.
113
ſacre in part
found them not unlike his Fin-landers, both ſtout and hardy : Ann. Chriſti
while theſe forces were raiſing, a Scot, then in the Swediſh ſer- 1630.
vice asked the King how his Countrey-men ſhould be maintai-
ned. How are the Emperors Souldiers, ſaid he, maintained? With
money, anſwered the Scot. If then, quoth the King, your Steel
be better then theirs, their money will be yours, if it be not bet-
ter, why will your Countrey-men crofle the Seas to be beaten in
Germany ?
Now I am abroad, before I recall my diſcourſe home, permit a Amboyna maf-
ſhort tranſition to the enemies quarters and there to take in an odde
revenged.
accident which ſoon after befell, and is relative to the affairs
of England. Eighteen Hollanders (whereof three had been actours
in the Engliſh Tragedy at Amboyna) ſupping at Frankfort, as they
were paſſing to Strasburgh, boaſted in their cups, what they
had done to our nation in that Iland, which one in their company
obſerving, related it to two Engliſh Captains of horſe then in
ſervice of the Emperour, and two of whoſe kindred ſuffered
there. Theſe two captains having notice which way the Hol-
landers were to paſſe, way-laid them in a wood with a Troop of
Horfe, and having met them, bad them ſtand; that done, wil-
lcd then to prepare for death, for dye they muſt: the Hollanders
replyed, they hoped not ſo, for all their money was at their diſpoſe.
We ſeek nor your money, ſaid the two Captains, but your lives,
and will now be revenged for thoſe barbarous torments three of
this your company put our Countrey-men and allies to at Am.
boina; and had we leiſure, we would ſerve you ſo too. Firſt, they
hung up Fobnfor the chiefof the Amboinifts, and made the other
ſeventeen caſt the dice which of them ſhould eſcape to carry
intelligence into Holland. The fifteen guiltleſſe perſons thougắt
this hard meaſure, and hoped they would not puniſh them for
others faults: but the Gentlemen pleaded, legem talionis, and that
they might as well hang them, as their Countreymen were but-
chered at Amboyna without cauſe. So without further endictment
they hang'd up fixteen, and ſent the odde man home. Some ſa-
tisfaction, but, though almoſt two for one, not equiparate to the
merit of thar nations cruelty : theſe ſeventeen had a mercifull and
quick diſpatch; our ten at Amboyna, the ingenious Devils did
lo exquifitely torture, as the poor Patients had nothing but
clear conſciences to make them believe they felt not hell above
ground.
In March Mr. Mountague was ſent over to negotiate the pay.
ment of the moiety of the Queens Portion (being Four hundred
thouſand Crowns) behinde, and to require ſatisfaction for two
rich Ships taken from us by the French, ſince the laſt peace)
concluded ; and with him, as the better Accountant, was ſent the
great Merchant Philip Buylamachi. The King of France returned
Q
this

114
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1630.
this anſwer, Let my Brother of England render up the Fort of Kebeck,
and then he ſhall have ſatisfaction to his content. Kebeck is a Fort up-
on the river of Canada in the North part of America and was taken
by Captain Kirk two years before, and garriſoned with Engliſh un-
der the Command of his Brother; it is the prime ſtaple for Beavers
and Otters in the hole world, and worth uſually at leaſt thirty thou-
fand pound a year. But our King preferr'd fair amity before litigious
emolument, and yeelding up the Fort, had his full and juſt demands.
About 18. years ſince the Earl of Effex was ſeparated (by a
moſt juſt ſentence of Nelity executed by Commiſſion under the
great Seal of England) from the Lady Frances Howard. True
it is, that Counteſſe was of a very lewd report, and full of fire, as
the Earl of ice, nor will I undertake to vindicate from indirect
and unjuſtifiable practiſes, the ſcrutiny of her Virginity. But
judgement muſt proceed according to the tenor of allegations and
proofs, and as the Jury of Midwifes declared her to be an un-
touched Virgin, ſo did the Earl himſelf confefſe that (though he
had often attempted it) he never could, and beleeved never ſhould
carnally know her. Whereupon the Commiſſioners pronounced a
Divorce between them. Upon this definitive ſentence of the Bi.
ſhops, a late compiler of Great Britains Hiſtory, abetting popu-
lar error, hath caſt ſome odious glances, gnot knowing that Geneva
her ſelf had done the like before in the caſe of the Marquefje of Vico
and others. But that Author was this Earles creature, and plead-
ing his Maſters cauſe, affumed the greater liberty. The Earland
his Counteffethus parted, to fhun the fame of impotency at home
over he goes to the Low Countries, diſciplines himſelf there in
Martial exerciſes, behaves himſelf both there and in the Palati-
nate with gallant reſolution, and became of high renown for feats
of Arms. Having given theſe undonyable proofs of his man-
The Earl of hood, he was ambitious to give ſome of his virility, and having
Eſſex his fe- been a while in England, ſolicited the affection of Mris. El-
Zabeth Paulet, ( daughter of Sir William Paulet of Wiltſhire,
and extracted from the Noble line of the Marqueffe of Winche-
ſter) obtained it, and on March the 11. of this preſent year, con-
ſummated Nuptials with her at Netly, the Earl of Hartfords houſe.
With this Lady he did a while cohabit, and it was but a while,
becoming ſoon unhappy in his ſecond, as in his firſt choice ; for
he could as little digeft her over much familiarity with Mr. Udal,
as his former Ladies with the Earl of Somerſet. But happy it had
been in all probability) not leffe for King Charles then this Earl,
had either his Ladies found fewer, or he more friends at Court,
and that his diſhonour had been there reſented agreeable to his
extraction : for though (as ſome ſuppoſe) he laboured of an im-
medicable and invincible impotency as to conjugal concernments,
yet to others he had animoſity enough, and when we ſhall after-
ward
cond marri-
age.

I be Reign of King Charles.
115
ward behold in the head of a numerous Army, giving this King Ann. Chriſti
batrail in a pitcht field, it may well be conjectured, thac his then
1635.
engagement was in part upon the ſcore of theſe indignities, which
he charged upon former account.
I am now cntred upon the year 1631. remarkable for the trial The Lord
of Mervin Lord Audley, Earl of caffle-haven, which I could for Audley ar-
räigned
the honor of Chriſtianity, for the honor of Nobility, for the ho-
nor of our Nation, yea for the honor of our Nature, even man-
hood it ſelf, thar the ſtory of ſo much filth might be ſwept in-
to the channel of Oblivion. But offences ſo prodigiouſly high,
as his, we may not ſo ſtride over ; contract they doe a penality too
vital for one Scaffold to determine, Hiſtory muſt crect another
for him, wherein he may ever ſuffer in what is extant of him,
his poſthume Fame, the ſouls moſt conſiderable relict on earth,
in whoſe Proxy ſhe is, happy or miſerable to all poſterity.
This Earl marryed to his ſecond wife, the daughter of the
old Counteſſe of Derby, and widow of the Lord Shandos, by
whom ſhe had a daughter marryed tothe Lord Audley the Earls
ſon. He was committed in December laſt, upon an accuſation of
ſuch a racemation and cluſter of abominations, as were never heard
of before. Firſt, for cauſing one Skipwith his Ganymede, (fon
to a maker of Uſque. bath in Ireland) and advanced by the Earls
villany, (for it were a ſhame to call it bounty) to an eſtate of near
a thouſand pounds per annum, to raviſh the Counteſſe, himſelf af-
fiſting : next, for procuring the ſame Skipwith and others to
cuckold his ſon, by lying with his Lady in the preſence of the
Earl. Laſtly, for acting Sodomy both upon Skipwith and others.
After all thc ſé helliſh deeds, ſome Lords expoftulating with him
in priſon his motives to them, with an impudence ſurable to his
lewdnefic, he told them : As others had their ſeveral delights,
ſome in one thing, ſome in another, fo his hole delight was in dam-
ning fouls, ly enticing men to ſuch acts as might ſurely effect it :
For theſe offences he was endited at Salisbury, and there found
guilty by the Grand Enqueſt, whereupon he was tranſmitted to
the Kings-bench-Bar.
His Arraignment there was April the 25. of this preſent year.
Thomas Lord Coventry (being for that day conſtituted Lord High
Stervard of England, brought the Commiſſion into the Court,
where after an Oyes made by the Serjant at Arms, he gave it to
Sir Thomas Fanſhaw Clerk of the Crown to read, who read it, and
then the huiſher of the Black rod kneeling down to the Lord High
Steward, preſented him with a white rod, the ſtaffe of his Office. His
ſeat was a chair of State, and underneath him fate the Peers,
in number twenty fix, viz. the Lord Treaſurer, the Lord Privy
Seal, the Earls of Arundel, Pembroke, Kent, Worceſter, Bedford,
Eſſex, Dorſet, Salisbury, Leiceſter , Warwick, Carlile, Holland,
R. 2
Bark-

116
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti; Barkſhire, Denbigh; the Vicounts, Wimbleton, Conway, Dorcheſter,
1631. Wentworth, the Barons, Percy, Strange, Clifford, Peters, North,
Goring. And beneath the Nobility fate the Fudges affiſtants, The
Commiſſion read, and Oyes made, the Lord High Steward gave
leave to the Peers to be covered, and then they were called over
by their names,to which every one gave a particular anſwer. Then
the Lieutenant of the Tower brought the Priſoner forth to the Bar,
to whom the Lord High Steward declared the cauſe of his being
brought thither. His endictment was read by Sir Thomas Fan-
maw, who asked him whether he were guilty, or not guilty. The
Lord Audley replyed, Not guilty. Sir Thomas then demanded, Hom
wilt thou be try'd? the Lord Audley reply'd, By God and my Peers.
Then the Lord High Steward, addreſſing himſelf to the Peers,
faid;
The Priſoner is endicted of Rape and Sodomy, to
which he hath pleaded not guilty ; My duty it is to
charge jon with the Tryal of him, yours to judge. The
canſe may move in ſome pity, in others deteſtation, neza
ther of which ought to be put in the ſcale, for a grain
on either fide may (way the Ballance. But Reaſon
muſt rule your affe&tions, and your heads, your hearts.
You are to give attentive heed, and weigh equally, that
incline the right way. The Judges will
affiſt you in points of Law, whereof if doubts ariſe,
you are to propound them to me, and I to them : Thus
your Lordſhips are to proceed without Corporal Oath,
for the Lam ſuppoſeth yox of ſuch integrity, as you will
doe that for Juſtice, that others are compelled to by their
Oathes. And ſo God direct you in it.
After the Lord High Steward had ended, the Atturney Gene-
ral ſpake vehemently in aggravation of the crimes whereof the
Priſoner was impeacht; then the witneſſes were produced, and the
Evidence upon Examination was found ſummarily this ;
That the firſt or ſecond night after marriage, the Lord and
Lady being in bed together, he told her , That her body now was
his, and that if ſhe lay with any by his confent, the fault would be
his, not hers. That Broadway by his command forcibly lay
with her, whileft the Lord affifted him in holding her. This
was proved by the teſtimony of the Lady her ſelf the Defendant,
and Broadway the aſſailant. The Sodomy was proved by Broad-
way and Fits Patrick on whom it was acted. Theſe were the main
and capital offences; of leſſe hainous nature in the eye of the Law,
was

I be Reign of King Charles.
117
was his oft perſwading Shipnith to act villany with the young Lady, Anr. Chriſti
whom he kept ſo ſhort of maintenance, as ſhe had no means but 1 63 1.
what Shipnith gave her, and that during Shipniths lewdneffe
with her, he called up divers ſervants to behold them, he him-
ſelf much delighting therein. This was proved by the teſtimony
of the young Lady herſelf, Shipnith, and four or five more.
To theſe the Earl pleaded, that his wife had been bad before,
and ſo no competent witneffe againſt him. Then the Lord High
Steward asked the Judges whether one may raviſh a woman
of ill famc? Who reply'd, An Whore may be raviſht, and it is fe-
lony to do it.
Then the Lords withdrew to conſider of the evidence, and be. Found guilty,
ing returned, the Lord High Steward demanded their ſeveral
ſuffrages, who all, one by one pronounced him guilty of the
Rape, and fifteen of Sodony : which verdict being brought in,
the Lord High Steward delivered ſentence of death againſt him in
theſe words;
For as much as thou Mervin Lord Audley, bast and condem-
been endi&ted of divers felonious crimes, for which thou
didſt deſire to be try'd by God and thy Peers, which
Tryal thou haft had, and they have found the guilty
of them : Tby ſentence is therefore, that thou return
from hence to the place from wbence thou camest, and
from thence to the place of Execution, and there to
bang by the neck till thon be dead. And the Lord bave
mercy on thy foul.
This doom being paſt upon him, the Court aroſe, and the His execution.
Lord was remanded to the Tower, where he continued cloſe
priſoner till May 14. being the day of his Execution, when being
brought to Tower-bill, he aſcended the Scaffold, (waited on by
his two Chaplains, Dr. Winiff Dean of Pauls, and Dr. Wickham)
and made a ſhort Cenfeſſion, declaring himſelfmany ways wor-
thy of death, but folemnly proteſting his innocency in thoſe
two faults whereof he ſtood condemned. His confeſſion ended,
he reſorted to his prayers, after which bidding farewell to all
the Spectators, and forgiving the Executioner, he yeilded his
head to decuſſation, to the ſtriking off, which was performed dex-
trouſly, and at one blow.
One thing I offer as obſervable, and from mine autopſie, my
ſelf beholding, that having preſerved his countenance all the
while before in one conſtant tenor, he no ſooner did addreſſe
himſelf for the ſtroke of death, but his hands and face were in
a moment overſhadowed with ſuch a ſwarthy metamorphoſis,
as

118
I'be Reign of King Charles.
A remarque
Ann. Chriſti as neer reſembled ſmoke-dryed Bacon. The like bcfell (as I was
1631. credibly informed) to one of noble eminency, whom Juſtice pur-
ſued to the like end, for a different offence, during theſe civil
wars, as ſhall (God willing) take place in the ſequel of this Nar-
ration.
Thus dyed this titular piece of Nobility, like a bad Actor hift
off the ſtage, of few lamented, for of few beloved.
Now we have done with the Malefactor, we will nexc arraign
upon his of the Fact it ſelf, I mean that tranſcendent one the Rape; it be-
fence,
ing of fo horrid and hideous a quality. For, whereas all other
fins are the dictates of ſenſual pleaſure or profit, and have their
ſeminalities within the bed of natural corruption, this was a ſin
which even depraved nature would not own, as haviug no incen-
tives to it, a fin whereunto the Devill himſelf ſeemed not accef-
ſary, a fin without temptation, a Rape without concupiſcence,
an abomination whoſe every griſon and ſtep ſhould we climbe,
we ſhall not be able in the hole Repertory of Fame to finde its pa-
Sain bna horallel. Some have made rude fallies upon female chaſtity, but it
hath been to ſate and allay the boiling extimulations of their own,
rarely of others lufts. Poſſibly ſome, with whom to ſerve hath been
to ſubſiſt, have been adjutants to their Maſters in actions of like
deteſtation, but who cver heard the practiſe counterchanged, or a
Maſter voluntarily to officiate to bis ſervant in a deed ſoexecrable:
Had it been acted upon a ſtranger it had been bad ſufficiently, up-
on an acquaintance much worſe, upon an ally worſe ſtill, (as ſuper-
inducting Inceft with Rape) but to perpetrate it upon her, whom
the ſacred ties of Wedlock had conſigned up to him in the high-
eſt notion of dearneſſe, for a man to commit a Rape upon himſelf,
(for ſo ſhe was in truth) certainly there never was a ſin of ſo odde
choitummaand impartial a genius. Nor did the perſon on whom it was acted
render the impiety more odious, then the mode and way of doing
it: for whereas nature it ſelf, in acts of ſuch uncleanncfle, (even be-
tween married couples, who have the higheſt diſpenſations) de-
clineth inſolation and open vicw, this villany was acted as upon
a common Theater, as it all the delight had been in the Spectacle,
and all the pleaſure in the Oftentation. So that in ſhort (all cir-
cumſtances ſpelld together) I may ſafely ſay it was a fin without
Precedent of former ages and which I hope poſterity will never co-
py out.
Broadway and Pune the 27 following, Mr. Broadway and Fit2 Pa'rick, fer-
Fitz. Parrick
arraigned.
vants to, and concriminaries with the Lord Audley, were produced
to trial at the Kings-bench. Barre, and partly upon the evidence
formerly given in by the Counteſſe, and re-avowed then by her,
and partly upon their own confeſſions, were found guilty, the one
of Rape, the other of Sodomy, and had ſentence of death pro-
nounced againſt them, and were executed at Tiburn Fuly 6.
Fitz

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
119
F117 Patrick in bis laſt ſpeech at the Gallowes reflected inve- Ann. Chriſti
Etively upon the farl of Dorſet as the beguiler of him into his de 1631.
ſtruction; becauſe, upon his examination before the Lords, the
Earl promiſed in the name of the whole board, that whatſoever
he gave in evidence againſt his Lord, ſhould no waies prejudice
himſelf, which moved him to declare his Lord guilty of Sodomy,
and that the teſtimony he then gave againſt his Lord, was now
the main cauſe of his own condemnation. As to the matter of
fact for which the Lord ſuffered, he much lamented his Lord
ſhould dye in proteſta:ion of his innocence, for he profeſſed the
Lord was guilty of both thoſe crimes for which he dyed. Much
time he ſpent in addreſſes to the Virgin Mary and the Saints, and
ended his life in the Romißh perſwafion.
Mr. Broadwaies confeſſion was very ingenuous, Chriſtian, and
fincere; much blame he laid upon the Counteſſe as a woman of in-
famous converſation, and much upon himſelf for his diſſolute-
neffe, for which in the moſt ſignificant geſtures of contrition he
craved pardon from God, and dyed in much affurance of it.
In the ſame moneth of May wherein this Monſter-Lord was Sir Giles Als
ſentenced, Sir Giles Allingtox fell alſo under cenſure for a ſin of lington cenfu-
grand, though under-graduate abomination. This Knight (in High com-
other things a Gentleman of much honour) had againſt the advice million.
of the Arch-biſhop and other venerable Divines, marryed his own
Neece, the daughter of Mr. Dalton, for which inceftuous match
he was queſtioned in the High Commißion, with whom he tugg'd
hard, and being a man of great eſtate, reſolved he was to ſpare
no coſt which might be ſerviceable to quit him. Firſt, his Ad-
vocates pleaded it was not within the Levitical interdia, where
the marriage of the Nephew with the Aunt is forbidden, but
not of the Unkle with the Neece ; and when the fame parity of rea-
ſon was urged, Bellarmines No was produced, becauſe, faith he,
The firſt everteth the natural ſubjection due from a Nephew to
his Aunt, who muſt be his underling by the duty of a wife, whereas
if Neece doth marry her Uncle the natural ſubjection is rather
doubled, then deſtroyed. But theſe arguments were rather dela-
tory paſtimes, then juſt evaſions. Sir Giles his beſt refuge was to
the Common Pleas, from whence he obrained two Rules ; one,
requiring the High Commißioners to ſhew cauſe why a Prohi
bition ſhould not be granted. The other intimating, that if in
the interim they proceed further, a Prohibition ſhould be gran-
ted:which fo incenſed the High Commißioners, as they ſent in-
ſtantly to acquaint the King therewith, who gave preſent order to
the Lord Keeper to let the Judges know he did much diſtaſt ſuch
proceedings, whereupon the common Pleas defifted from further
interruption, and it was well they did, for the Biſhop of Low-
don grew fo high in paffion, as he ſaid he would move the Lord of
Canter-

120
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti Canterbury to excommunicate all the Fudges within his Province
1631. who fhould dare to act in ſuch a Prohibition, and in caſe the Arch-
biſhop would not, he was reſolved to do it in his Dioceſe, and de-
nounce it himſelf in St. Pauls and other Churches.
Sir Giles thus ſtript of all Common Law protection, became
the full But to receive the keen arrowes of a provoked Court,
eight Biſhops, and four other Commiſſioners were his Judges and
his ſentence; Fine to the King Twelve thouſand pounds, to ſtand
obliged in the penalty of Twenty thouſand pounds never to co-habit
or to come into private company with his Neece any more: to be
committed to priſon, or put in ſufficient bail till both he and his
Neece or Lady ſhall have done penance at Pauls Crofle, and at
Great St. Maries in Cambridge at a day enjoyned by the Court.
Never was Delinquent cenſured there by a more folemn and ve-
nerable Conſiſtory. Many ſpake excellent well; but Sir Henry
Martin, whoſe cuſtome it was before to outgo others, did then fur-
paſſe himſelf.
The Court afforded little remarkable this year, ſave only that
the Queen Novo thic 4. was delivered of her eldeſt Daughter, the
Lady Mary.
The Kings thoughts were moſt abroad; and imployment thoſe
thoughts could not want, whileft his brother the Palią grave
wanted his patrimony; and though he was almoſt at the point of
deſperation, as to prevailing with the Emperour by precarious ap-
plications, yet did he reſolve once more to re-enforce his former
inſtances: to which effect he diſpatht Sir Robert Anſtruther again as
Ambaſſador to him. But the Emperour being not high enough to
deny, nor low enough to grant, kept his old poſture of procraſtina-
tion: whereof our King having advice from his Ambaſſador inten-
ding patiently to wait untill new emergences ſhould occaſion new
counſels, gave him order ſtill to attend and purſue his former in-
ſtructions, untill he ſhould receive others.
In the mean time Guftavus King of Sweden, in the way of
whoſe conqueſt nothing could ſtand, with a victorious ſword
made a furious inrode into Germany, the reſtauration of whoſe li-
berties he made the deſign of that hoſtile incurſion. And as the
Prince Elector bare the greateſt ſhare in the oppreſſion, ſo had
he the faireſt hopes of taſting the fruit of thoſe conqueſts, eſpe-
cially conſidering both that now that King began to be maſter of
the field even in the Palatinate, the late and ancient patrimony
of that Prince; and alſo how ſolicitous a zealot his Brother our
King was in his concernment; for as in promotion of that great
enterpriſe he had this ſummer ſent over an aid of Six thouſand
Foot with Three hundred thouſand Dollars to the King of
1632.
Sweden under the conduct of the Marquefle Hamilton, ſo did he
alſo in the ſpring of the next year diſpatch an Ambaſſador to
him

The Reign of King Charles.
121
I.
2.
3.
adlaved
5.
him, praying the Reſtauration of the Paliz-grave. But the King Ann. Chriſti
of Sweden, (whether becauſe he had proſpered to an autocracy a 1632.
ſelf-ſubſiſtence, and ſo needed no participants either in the hazard,
or glory of the archievement; or upon what other account, uncer-
tain) neither entertained, nor imployed the Scots with that reſpect
as was expected, moſt of them never encountring any enemy but
thoſe two tierce ones, Plague and Famine. Again, he ſet at firſt ſo
high a rate upon what was ſued for, as rendred it not worth accep-
400)
tance upon ſuch harſh tearms: For he demanded from the Prince, svid
Firſt, That he ſhould enter Recognizance, of holding his countrey
as a Donative of that King, and conſequently ſhould repute bimſelf as oyó rebola
his Beneficiary and vafal. 2013 Wibow Elisab til gotivio
Secondly, That he ſhould make no Martial Levies without his
liking.
CIA 100
badiy 011 bonusou VlWS
Thirdly, That he ſhould, during thoſe Wars, furniſh bim with ſo
many thouſands upon his own pay ; more indeed then his defolate coun-
trey could maintain. soumpay suure masa HOLTS
Fourthly, That two of his Head Towns ſhould be left to the
King as Cautionaries for performing of Covenants, which ſhould be
made preſidiary and Gariſons to be maintained by the contribution of
the Courtrey,
Fifthly, That he ſhould make no League wor Article with any other
Prince, his conſent not firſt had.
Theſe propoſals were lookt upon by the Prince, rather as con-
ditions tendred by a Conqueror to a vanquiſht Foe, then acts of
Grace to a diſtreſſed friend, nor did they anſwer that ambitious
title of the LIBERATOR and DELIVERER of GER-
MANY, tọ which that King pretended, with ſo intenſe a paſ-
fion.
Tattoo
The Pali grave therefore loth to change his Lord only, and re-
tain his old fervitude, rejected theſe tearms as diſhonorable, which
being alſo reſented as ſuch by the Agents of France, and the uni-
ted Provinces, and ſo repreſented to the King , he condeſcended
to others of a morc lenitive temper. But Heaven was no party The King of
to thoſe tranſactions, for when all things were even upon the Sweden Nain at
point of ſigning, the ſupreme Diſpoſer of all things figned a fa-
tal countermand, giving a ſudden ſtop to that brave Heroe in the
full carreer of all his triumphs, by a death, natural to him as a
Souldier, though violent as a Man: This dyfaſter happened at that
memorable battel at Lutzen, Novemb. 6. where the King being
too adventuroully engaged in the thickcft of his Troops, was lain
by an hand, yea by a party, (whether his own or the enemies) un-
certain. But that blow was not more fatal to himſelf, then to
his adverſaries, for no ſooner did the noyſe of the fall overſpread
his Army, but they redoubled their Martial fury, and confequently
their blows, hewing down their ſtiffe opponents with fo gallant
R
Luizen.
courage

122
The Reign of King Charles.
Eo clarior
quod adole-
ſcens in incre-
mento reruin
nondum alte-
nam expertus
c. 77
The Prince
ܒܐܼܲ
Ann. Chrifti che place fix thouſand men.. beri salata
Aren. Chrifii courage, as they went off Victors with a vengeance,leaving dead on
1632.
This was the end of that renowned King, for ſprightly metal
the e Caſar; for fuccefle the Alexander of this Age, to whom we
may apply what the Hiſtorian ſaid of that Macedonian Prince
He was the more famous, becauſe he was cut off in his youth , and in
the growth of his profperity, before fortune had ever forſaken him,
Tam fortu or shewed him her averfest obowe
Guſtavus being thus taken away, the Prince Elector his Parti-
deceffir
. Liv.8.
cipant in his beſt Fortune would needs alfo be concomitant in his
worſt, and was at the ſame time I may fay (not improperly, flain,
Ele&or dyeth. he receiving his deaths wound thence, though not there. He
had ſome few days before taken the infection at Mentą, being
newly returned from viſiting his Ally the Duke of Deux. Ponts;
and was in an hopeful way of recovery, when news was brought
him of the King of Swedens death, which he re-ſented with ſo
intenſe a paſſion, as he dyed the 29. of the ſame moneth. Nor
could the reſtitution of Franckendal. ( the faireſt flower of his
Garland) bear up his Spirit from defponding and overwhelming
with grief. For thar Town having been ſo long, and ſo che ſe
begirt by the Swedes, as it was reduced to a neceflity of yeelding.
And the Emperour and the King of Spain (aiming to convert that
neceſſity into a favour, and to pick a thank from England, whoſe
Ambaſſadors ſtill ply'd his inſtances at the Imperial Court) ren-
dred it up into the hands of the Engliſh Officers the 21. of that in-
ſtant, being eight days before the Prince expired; ſo that he lived to
know himſelf in part reſtored, though ſorrow had ſo imbittered all
reliſh of earthly joy, as his ſpirit was not ſuſceptible of any other
then doleful impreſſions.
Leicefler Am-
The ſame year our King alſo diſpatcht the Earl of Leiceſter to
baſſadour into the King of Denmark his vncle; the moſt conſiderable deſign of
Denmark. his Embaſſie was to condole the late deceaſe of his Grandmo-
ther the Lady Sophia Queen Dowager of Denmark, and to de-
mand the dividend of a ſixt part of what the left as due to him,
se mit and the Lady Elizabeth in right of Queen Anne their Mother
for by the Fundamental Law of that Kingdome all children, of
whatſoever fex, inherit equal fhares, allotting only to the eldeſt a
double portion. The part due to our King and his Siſter amounted
to an hundred and fifty thouſand pounds, which that King pro-
miſed to ſatisfie aſſoon as monies camein, but withall intimated
that he deſired to re-minde his Nephew of England of what he was
in arrear of the thirty thouſand pounds per menfem, wbich was due
to him from the Crown of England, upon the contract made 1625.
towards the ſupport of his Army, fo that the Earl finding the
intrado of his Negotiation like to come to nothing, having con-
doled, that is, after the Daniſh mode,made merry with that King,
returned home.
This
The Earl of

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
123
Diſcontents in
Ireland.
This year the Proteſtants and Engliſh Plantarors in Ireland, Ann. Chriſti
began 10 grow into ſome diſcontert : The Papifts, eſpecially the 1632.
Romiſh Clergie, encreased exceſſively; to neer double the number
of Reformed Beleevers, and became ſo inſolent as openly to erect
an Univerſity in Dublin, in cmulation, or rather in defiance of
the Kings College there: ſo that they had reaſon to fear fad ef-
fects of their potency. Again, the King finding the Romith Ca-
tholiques in that Kingdome ſo numerous, fo ignorant, and with-
all ſo poor, he thought fit for a while to diſpenſe with the pe.
nalty of the ſtature of twelve pence per Sunday for abſence from
the Church, cſpecially being ſomewbat irritated by what was
ſuggeſted to him (though untruly) that writs were iſſued out for
levying thoſe fines, before the quarterly contribution of five
thouſand pounds granted by the Countrey for maintenance of the
Army was expired, which (had it been fo) might have proved of
dangerous conſequence. This act of Grace as it clevated the pride
of the Recuſants, ſo it found amongſt the. Proteſtants a moſt
unpleaſing reſentment : which was not a little ampliated by their
great oppreffion, by an odious Papiſt Under-ſheriff his unequal
levying the laſt Contribution. Theſe diſtempers made for, and
a manner made the Lord Vicount Wentworth; for whereas
the Politique adminiſtration of that Kingdome was then entruſted
to many, under the notion of Lords Juſtices with their Coun-
cel, the King was perſwaded that thoſe humors would better
ſettle and repoſe under a ſingle Governour ; and if ſo, no man
more proper, none of more dexterous prudence, none of more
aſſured fidelity then that Lord : of whom his Majeſty had full
experience in his Preſidence of the North, which he diſcharged
with ſo great wiſdome, ſuch fair integrity, as argued him wor-
thy of the higheſt promotion: ſo that the King agreeable to the
valuc he had for him, not more favouring, then righting him,
inveſted him with the ſole power of that Kingdome (in ſubordi-
nation to himſelf alone) under the title of Lord Deputy.
December the 2. the King fell ſick of the Small-pocks, but the
malignity was very remiſſe, and gentle, ſo as, by Gods bleſſing, he
foon recovered.
The fame month alſo he ſent the Earl of Arandel to the
Hague to his Siſter, both to comfort her, and ſolicite her and
her childrens journey into England: but the returned anſwer, thar
the craved her Brothers excuſe for that time, having no diſpoſition
to ſo long a journey.
The ſame year St. Pauls Church prayed reparation for the dam- A contributi-
age ſhe had ſuſtained by the facrilegious hand of time. A gallanter on for repair-
exerciſe for Royal magnificence there could not be, and never ing of Saint
King had a greater minde to the work, then King Charles; had
he been ſtockt for it: but poverty (that grand oppreffor of ver-
R 2
tuous

124
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
tuous fpirits) kept him ſhort. But the good word of a great Man
1632.
is worth gold, and though he was unfurniſhed himſelf, yet he
commended her condition to ſuch as were able; iſſuing forth a
Commiſſion to divers Lords and Gentlemen of note, willing
them to exhort their adjacent neighbours to a large contributi-
on, whereby though the ſumme raiſed by that Benevolence lookt
bigge in groffe, yet did it much fail the expectation of the Bi-
fhop, and for his fake (it was ſuppoſed) ſuffered no ſmall dimi-
nution; for
many had no fancy to the work, meerly becauſe he
was the promoter of it, (ſo ill are even the beſt actions reliſht
of men lapfed into common diſdain) nor did ſome forbear to cry,
What needs this waſte to decore a ſuperſtitious relique? Ne.
vertheleſfe the work went on, and her excoriated carkaſſe began to
skin again, but with fo flow a motion, as at length the diſtempers
of the State marr'd the temper of the mortar, and made the
Artiſts knock off abruptly, leaving that famous ſtructure half
ruin'd, half polite.
February the 11, there happened a terrible fire upon London-
bridge, which conſumed very many houſes, whereof the ſtill extant
gap and chaſment is a viſible demonſtration.
Sorely vext was Biſhop Laud to ſee his Cathedral ſo tedious
in trimming, eſpecially at ſuch a time, as he did behold under his
noſe, ſo vigorous a conſtruction of a little City, not ſuper-edi-
fied upon an old bottom, but upſtartand new-emergent frem the
ground.
For the King having granted leave to the Earl of Bedford to
edifie at pleaſure upon the Convent Gardex, it being of a very
ample and ſpacious Area and Content; the Earl ply'd his de-
ſign with ſuch celerity and quick diſpatch, as he foon rear'd fuch
numerous rows of ſtately and ambitious buildings, as made old
London envy the magnificence of her Sub-urbicary ſiſter.
But ſome thought this gallant ſtructure of greater ftate, then
ſafety, and that this Kings Father, upon better reaſon of ſtate,
reſtrained fuch erections. For Cities are the great rendez-
vous of People, and where there is the greateſt confluence of
men, there will be the greateſt power, And as all power is a kinde
of grievance to them who obey, ſo no Power is more Tyrannical
then that of a Ciry, witneſſe Athens, Sparta, and Rome. And if
the exceſſive Grandure of Cities be intolerable in a Popular
State, it is much more under a ſingle Soveraignty. For there is
nothing more adverſe and oppoſite to Regality then a Re-publique,
and as all Incorporations are in their Politique conſtitution ele-
mented according to a popular Scheme, ſo are their Members
uſually principled agrecable to ſuch intents, and onely at-
tend untill an opinion of their formidable numbers, or ſome other
ſerviccable emergency ſhall invite them to daring againſt Regal
power.

The Reign of King Charles.
125
power. A truth which may be exemplify'd in the late deporr | Ann. Chriſti
ment of this Metropolis, whoſe Inhabitants this King fadly 1633,
found the confiderable Artificers of his ruine. A caveat to po:
ſterity, (whether, or not, to His , I leave to him whoſe wayes are
paft finding out ) not to permit them to grow to a luxuriancy
diſp:oportionable from the intereſt of fubječtion.
The King you have heard before was in the 1. year of his Reign The Kings
inaugurated King of England; of England I ſay, nor of Great stor into
Britain; wherein as Scoiland challenged one moiry, fohad the 2
Crown to confer as well as England, and that Crown that Nati-
on thought was worth the fetching, and ſo did the King alſo, ar
leaſt feemingly, having it in ſuch an anniverſary conſideration as
every year (ſince his firſt) the time was prefixt, and his foot al-
moſt in the ſtirrup for a Progrelle thither. But ſome thing or
other came ever travers and thwart in the very nick of time, and
put him by, ſo that his often preparations for Scotland reſem-
bled thoſe of Tiberius for viſiting Provinces remote, (which Suetonius.
gave
him the by-name of Callipedes ) who was ever going , yet
never went. And the Scots themſelves, none of the moſt candid
interpreters of this Kings actions, lookt upon it no otherwayes,
then as a meer mockery. The truth is, the King had no great
ſtomach to the journey. For as the place had nothing of amenity
or delight, ſo the Nation and race of men were not faſhioned
to the mode of Englands civilities, but under the ſcheme of an
honeſt animoſity and ſpecious plain-dealing, moſt perfidious.
But things fafe preponderate and outweigh the pleaſing, and it
grew high time now not to delay and fuper-annuate longer this
expectation. He had lately requeſted a great Perſon of that Na-
tion, to whom the cuſtody of the Crown was entruſted, to
bring it into England, that he might be crowned here, and ſave
a tedious Journey: wherero that Lord reply'd, He durft not be
to falſe to his truſt, but if bis Majeſty would be pleaſed to accept
thereof in Scotland, he ſhould finde thoſe his people ready to geeld
him the highest honor, but ſhould be long defer that duty, they
might perhaps be inclin'd to make choyce of another King. And
a while after the Marqueſſc Huntly, having obtained a Tolera-
tion for the exerciſe of the Popiſh Religion in Scotland, Thar
Councel ſtoutly told him, when his Majeſty shall be pleaſed to
come and be crowned amongſt us, He will, we doubt not, be sworn
to our Laws, mean while ſeeing he hath entruſted us with ihem,
we will took they ſhall be obſerved : Theſe ſpeeches the King
took as bold hints of his neceſſitated Progreſſe, ſo that finding
that in reaſon of State, goe he muſt, reſolved he was to appear
there like himſelf, in a moft Princely equipage. The ſuite and
train of Engliſh Nobility he took along were the Earls of Nor-
thumberland, Arundel, Pembroke, Southampton, Salisbury, Carlile,
Holland,

126
The Reign of King Charles.
His Coronati-
on.
Ann. Chriſti Holland, Monmonth and New-caſtle; the Biſhop of London , Lordi
1633. Treaſurer, Secretary Coke, Vice-chamberlain, with many Gentle
men of quality.
May the 13. thus attended he ſet forward from London, His
geſts and motions were much fore-flowed by his making ſo ma-
ny halts to receive the Noble treatments provided for him, by
perſons of Honor all along the rode; every hours repaſt being
no lefſe then a ſumptuous feaſt. But the entertainment moſt of all
auguſt and Royal was that of the Earl of New-Caſtle at Welbeck,
which was eſtimated to ſtand the Earl in at leaſt fix thouſand
pounds.
Fune the 10. he came to Edenburgh, the 18. was deſigred for
the day of his Inauguration. Great Britain rever ſaw any thing
more folemn, never a more refulgent parade, and ſhew of bra-
very then that celebrity: nor doth ſhe afford a City more agree-
ably diſpoſed by Nature to repreſent ſuch a triumph to the beſt
advantage of beholders, then that of Edenburgh. For it being but
one entire ſtreet, very ſpacious, ſeated on the prene and delcend-
ing part of an hill, pro-tended in a right line from the Caſtle to
Holy-rood-houſe (the Kings Palace) at leaſt a mile in length, and
the King ſetting forth from the Caſtle with his fuit of Nobles,
rode in a moſt refulgent ſtate through the City to the Palace,
(where he was to be crowned) ſo as the Spectators cyes had a ful
purſuit of all that glorious poinp, from the firſt to the laſt.
Thus was King Charles inaugurated King of Scotland, though
not King of Scois; not all his moſt gracious and debonair mine
towards them, could veft him in that Nations affection. His re-
vocation (though moſt legal and innocert) of fuch things as had
been depredared and ſcrambled away from the Crown in his Fa-
thers minority, with a Commiſſion of Surrenders of Saperiori-
ties and Tithes, by which the Miniſters and Land-owners were
bought out and redeemed from the clientele and Vaſſallage of
the Nobility and Laique Patrons, they could not concoct : theſe
were the real cauſes of their diſaffection to him; and becauſe that
diſaffection durſt not look abroad under ſuch an odious extracti-
on, therefore they were ſedulous to faign another of better ac-
ceptance. Soon after the Coronation followed an Aſſembly of
Parliament, therein an Act of Ratification of all Ads formerly
made, and then in force, rather for matter of form and courſe,
then for neceſſity, was propounded: yer did it finde ſuch obftru-
ction, as with much difficulty it paſſed : for thoſe irritated ſpi-
rits, whom nothing could content, but what afforded matter of
diſcontent, would not affent; ſuggeſting though in a clandeſtine
way, that the deſign of this Act was, but to maintain Epiſcopacy
(which they thought but a great chip of the old block Popery
and what hopes of Reformation, what of planting the Goſpel
what!
The Scops ill
affected to
him.

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
127
what of erecting the Diſcipline of Jeſus Chriſt ſo long as Epi- Ann. Chriſti
ſcopacy is eſtabliſhed? But notwithſtanding all theſe clancular, 1633.
theſe cloſe inſinuations by theſe turbulent malevolents, the Act
paſſed, and the King had fo conſiderable and ſo many friends
in that Kingdome, as they durft not then attempt any thing which
might diſcompoſe the publique quice.
Having thus diſpatcht the ſerious part of his errand into
Scotland, his Majeſty gave himſelf the ſatisfaction of viſiting
Falkland, Sterling, and ſome other the moſt eminent places of
pleaſure, but in his return and paſſage from Brunt Iland over the
Forth to Edenburgh, he eſcaped a great danger, the winde being
boiſterous, and the channel inſecure. This done he hafted home,
that is, unto the embraces of his dear Conſort, where he ended his
progreſſe Fuly the 20.
Not long after his return from Scotland, aged and ſelf-
ſcar George Abbot the Titular Archbiſhop of Canterbury went
to his everlaſting home, Auguſt the 4. A very learned man
he was, his Erudition all of the old ſtamp, ſtifly principled in
the Doctrine of St. Anguſtine ; which they who underſtand it
not, call Calviniſme, therefore dif-reliſht by them who incli-
ned to the Maßilian and Arminian Tenets. Pious, grave, and
exemplary in his converſation. But ſome think a better man
then Archbifhop, and that he was better qualified with mc-
rit for the Dignity, then with a ſpirit anſwering the functi-
on, in the exerciſe whereof he was conceived too facile and
yeelding; his extraordinary remiſnefſe in not exacting ſtrict
conformity to the preſcribed Orders of the Church in point
of ceremony, fcemed to reſolve thoſe legall determinations to
their firſt principle of indifferency, and led in ſuch an habit of
inconformity, as the future reduction of thoſe tender conſcien-
ced men to long diſ-continued obedience was interpreted an
Innovation. This was the height of what I dare report his failings
reacht to: That he was a Ring-leader of that Sect which
lately appeared deſperate profelytes, loth I am with a late Au-
thor to affirm, warrant I have none to leave ſo ill a favour
upon his fame, nor can it be infallibly inferred from theſe
men their being then in favour with him. Their principles
perhaps were entertained ſince his death, or if before, not then
declared, and untill ſuch fecrets be diſcovered, men may be miſ-
taken in thoſe they favour, the greateſt ſufferer of theſe times
was fo.lz vdoon
Next this Archbiſhop fucceeded William Land Biſhop of
London, and was tranſlated September the 19. Higher he
could not be advanced in England, in Rome he might, and
Rome was ſo ftudious co adopt him hers as ſuppoſing his am-
bition was not terminated fo, before he was tranſlated, ſhe ſeri-
ouſly

128
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti qully made him a ridiculous tender of a Cardinals Cap to which
1633.
he returned anſwer negative until Rome were other then it is.
Implying that the Church had errors to which he could no waies
conform, and had the been as Orthodox as ever, he who was Pri-
mate here thought it not forted with his honour to be fecond to
any elſewhere.
The King having obſerved at his laſt being in Scotland that
God Almighty was very negligently and as he thought unde-
cently worſhipt there, took the Reformation of Sacred wor-
ſhip into his Princely care; and becauſe innovations muſt be
(though never fo neceſſary) led in by degrees, he firſt began
with his own Chappel at Holy-Rood Houſe, and this October
iſſued forth ſeveral Articles or Orders to be there obſerved
by the Dean of his Chappel.
Firſt, That prayers be ſaid twice a day according to the En-
gliſh form.
Secondly, That a Communion be held every moneth, and
all Communicants to receive the bleſſed Eucharift on their
knees. store.co
Thirdly, That on Sundaies and Holi-daies he who officiates
ſhould conſtantly perform his duty in his Whites or Surplice.
But theſe Directions, though backu with a Letter requiring exact
obedience, and though only relating to the Kings private
Chappel, yet were very ſlowly obſerved, the Biſhop of Dun-
blane then Dean of his Majeſties Chappel, pleading now one thing
then another in his excuſe, when in truth he knew well he fhould
thereby diſpleaſe the people, and what the conſequence might
be of diſpleaſing a Nation focombuſtible, and whoſe fury
would aſſume the greater liberty in the abſence of his Majeſty, as
he did eaſily foreſee, ſo did he think it concerned him to pre-
do
In the year 1618. King Fames publiſhed a Command or Dc-
claration tolerating ſports on the Lords Day called Sunday.
This Declaration then cauſed ſo many impetuous clamours
againſt it, as it was ſoon after called in. And was this o&tober re-
vived and ratifi'd by King Charles. The expreſſe delign of
this was to reſtore the Feaſts of Dedication of Churches com-
monly called Wakes to their ancient folemnity, and to allow the
uſe of lawful paſtimes in the lower row upon that day. It was
alſo argued in favour of it, That there was in the Kingdome
a potent tendency in many to Judaiſme, occafioned by the dan-
gerous Doctrine and Politions of ſeveral Puricans, eſpecially
of one Théophilus Brabourn an obſcure and ignorant School-
inafter, afferting the përpetual and indiſpenſable morality of th¢
Sabbath of the fourth Commandement. Again in other no
(inall inclination to Popery, occafion'd by the rigour and ſtrict-
neflc
vent.

The Reign of King Charles.
129
neſſe of Sabbatarian Miniſters, in denying People recreations on An. Chriſti
the Sunday. But all theſe plauſible inſinuations operated little 1634.
to a welcome entertainment. Nor was there any one Royal
Ediet, during all King Charles his reign, reſented with equal re-
gret. The fault was leaſt his Majeſties, and not only ill Coun-
lell, but ill cuſtome was to blame: For the King might ſay of
this his Day, as Jacob did once of God's Houſe, Surely the Gen, 28.16.
Lord was in this Day, and I knew it not. For, too true it is, the
Divinity of the Lords-Day, was then new Divinity at Court,
where the publ.que Aſſemblies once over, the indulgence of fe-
Cular Imployment and of Recreations, was thought la little dif-
ſervice to God, as (time ſans memorie) not only civil affairs
were uſually debated at the Councel Table, but alſo repreſen-
tations of Maſques were rarely on other thèn Sabbath nights;
and all this fomented by the both doctrine and practice of men,
very eminent in the Church: which ſeemed the greater prodigy,
that men who lo eagerly cryed up their own Orders, and reve-
nucs for Divine, Thould ſo much de-cry thç Lords-Day for being
ſuch, when they had no other Exiſtence, then in relation to this ;
But of this elſewhere,
November the 6. the young Prince Elector, by the Proxie of
the Earl of Dover, and the Duke of Lerox, received at Windſor
the honor of Garter.
The 14. of the ſame moncth, the Queen was delivered of ano-
ther Son, who was baptized the 34. by the name of Fames, and
was after ſtyled Duke of York.
February the 2d. (you may if you pleaſe call it Candlemas night)
had been time out of minde celebrated at Court with ſomewhat
more then ordinary ſolemnity: and never was any more glorious
then that of this year: the four Innes of Court preſenting both
their Majeſties at Whiteball, with a gallant Maſque as a Symbole
of their joynt affections. Anexact account of this radiant (hew,
would make a bad ſhew in ſo grave a History, nor ſhall I need
ſay more, then that for curioſity of fancy, for excellency of per-
formance, for luftre and dazling ſplendor, this age, though paſ.
fionately addicted to the glory of ſuch inventions, never before
or fince within this Ile afforded the like. So brave a ſpectacle it
was, as it not only delighted the Court, but fer the London
Dames on longing to behold ſuch gaiety within their City
wals 3 upon this account ſome ten daies after both their Maje-
ſtics, with their train of Court Grandecs and Gentlemen Revel-
lers, were folemnly invited to a moft fumptuous banquet at
Guild-hall, wherc that reſplendent fhew was iterated, and re-ex-
hibited, ſo as not only this year, but this moneth may be ſaid to
have had two Candlemas nights. This entertainment was very
coſtly to th¢ City, ſo dear was then, I ſay not this King, but their
S
own

130
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
1634
was this.
Ann. Chriſti Own vanity to them, and that their vanity was dearer to them
then their King is evident, becauſe ſome few years after, when
they flouriſhed, and he wanted moſt to repreſſe the Scotiſh-darings,
he could not obtain from them any the leaſt pitrance of
fupply.
The next ſpring his Majeſty fell upon Davids deſign, but
not upon Davids fin, of numbring the People, the ground whereof
Forein Princes and States with whom he was in amity, were
earneſt ſuitors to him, that by his leave they might make ſome
military levies within his Dominions. Willing he was to com-
ply with thoſe deſires, but would firſt provide againſt his own
prejudice; that he might therefore take the better notice of what
was ſupernumerary to his own preſervation, he cauſed a general mu-
ſter to be made of all perſons (under the degree of Eſquires) fit
to bear arms from the age of ſixteen to fixty, and after the return
of the Roll he condeſcended to their requeſts.
This ſummer the King, following the Counſel of Themiſto-
cles, began to apply himſelf to the maſtery of the Britiſh ſcas,
to which he had moſt potent provocations: for his coafts were
not only infected with Pickroons, Türks, and Dunkirk. Pirats to
the great dammage of traffique, but his very Dominion in the
narrow ſeas actually uſurped by the Hollard-Fiſhers, and the
right it ſelf in good carnet diſputed, by a late Tract of learned
Grotius called Mare liberum. Theſe were craving occafions and
concernments not of honour only, but of ſafety alſo. And how
theſe could be provided for was the grand difficulty, for the
charge of the enterpriſe would be exceſſive, and his Exchequer
empty, how that vacuity ſhould be filled up was a Queſtion, and
that Queſtion King Charles his infelicity; for without all queſtion
the moſt natural and proper reſort had been to his Subjects in
Parliament, but his and their late ſo unfriendly, ſo unkinde parting,
gave him flender aſſurance of relief from them, and made him
loth to give himſelf the trouble of their denial. And for ſuch
Subjects, to deny ſuch a King, upon ſuch an occaſion was (he
thought) a deplorablc caſe. Had he waſted and decocted his
Treaſure in luxury and riot, had hc been profuſe in bounty to
his Favourites, and had contracted want that way; had he preſt
upon his Peoples liberties above the mode of his progenitors, and
ſo alienated their affections; had not his people been in ftate to
ſupply him, all theſe had been conſiderable and every one ſome-
thing. But never King was more frugal, never King more re-
tentive in his largeſſes, never King had made more obliging
conceſſions to his Subjects.
This diſinclination of the Parliament to aſſiſt the King, and
his impendent neceſſity, had power, I will not ſay cauſe, crough
to

Ibe Reign of King Charles.
131
, to
ro urge in another King a repetition of Privy Seals, Loans, and ſuch Am. Cbrifii
diſguſtfull impofitions. Bus to King Charles it was fufficient they 1634
were illegal, reſolved he was no extremity, no not an invincible, un
and fatal one, ſhould provoke him to temerate, to violate thoſe
Lawes ; yet if any thing did happily eſcapė (as he hoped there
did the curioſity
of the late reſtraint upon him by the petition of
Right, or was left at the diſpoſe of his prerogative, he doubted not
the publique, take benefit thereof. Therefore for a cunning man
(the canning'it at ſuch a Project of any within kis thrcc Domini-
ons) he ſends, that is, for his Atturney generall Noy, tels him what
he had in contemplation, bids him contrive the mode (but a legal
one) for defraying the expence. Away goes the ſubtile engineer,
and ar length from old records progs and bolts out an ancient
Precedent of railing a Tax upon thc kolc Kingdome, for ferting
forth a Navy in caſe of danger. The King glad of the diſcovery,
as of Treaſure trouve, preſently, iſſued out writs to all Countries
within the Realm, declaring that the fafety of the Kingdome was
in danger (and ſo it was indeed) und that therefore every County
ſhould for the defence of the Kingdome, againſt a day prefixt,
provide ſhips of ſo many Tun, with Guns, Gunpowder, Tackle,
and all other things neceffary. But before theſe thips could be fit-
ted to flore upon the main, they were dry-foundred at land. For
the Tax being a burden, every man began to ſtudy how to decline
the weight. The Clergy pleaded immunity from all fecular and
civill charges. But the Judges argued againſt them that there is
Trinoda neceßitas a threefold neceffity which binds all, as well Clergy
as Laity; vii. Aidin War, (ſuch as this) the building of Bridges,
and making of Forts; nevertheleſfe the King upon the Arch.
bifbops entreaty granted them exemption. Again the Mediterrane-
ans the Highlanders muttered at the Impofition, alledging that it
being a Naval Tax, ir ought in reaſon and equity ro be born by the
Par-alious, the Maritime parts. But the obje&ion paramount, and
ons of this Difference, and how at length it repoſed, are not now
w
in ſeaſon, but will more tempeftively occurre in the enſuing ſeries
of this narration. For
Next to the birth of the Project, ſucceedeth the death of the"
Projector. That Atturny Generall ending this life Auguff the ninth.
His deccaſe following his invention of Shipmony fo clofc arthe
heels, ſeemed to the people as an overture of fonte benignity from
heaven, and almoſt perſwaded them that God was intereſted in what
they accounted their oppreſſion. He was a man paffing humorous,
of a Cynical ruſticity, a moft indefatigable plodder, and ſearcher
of ancient Records, whereby he became an eminentinſtrument boch
S 2
of!
Imóti-
or
BO

132
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chiifti of good and ill (and of which moft is a great queſtion) to the Kings
1634
prerogative. For during the time that Parliaments were frequent,
he appeared a ſtout Patriot of the Comminalty, and in the laſt was
an adive opponent in the difference concerning Tonnage and Pouna
dage. But when the D.ſſolution of that was, in moſt mens appre-
henfions, the end of all; No ſooner did the King liew him the
Jure of advancement, but quitting all his former inclinations, he
wheel'd about to the Prerogative, and made amends with his future
ſervice, for all his former diſ- obligations.
About the ſame time Axel Oxenſtiern, the grand Chancellor, and
generall Director of the Swediſ affaires, fent over his ſon (a
Gentleman of ſingular Gallantry and accompliſhments) in the qua
lity of an Ambaſſadour to our King, who treated him yery nobly
futable to his borh merit and extraction , but in regard he came
without credential Letters from the Queen of Sweden, and the King
was ignorant of the latitude and extent of his Fathers power as to
conſtituting Ambafadours, he denyed him Audience, whereupon
he returned in ſome diſguſt.
This year there was a Parliament called in Ireland at the motion
of the Lord Depuiy, founded upon very conſiderable reaſons. In the
time of Edward the third, that Kingdome did yeeld to the Crown
ulira repriſes, all charges born, thirty thouſand pound per annum.
But now his Majefties Revenue fell ſhort of defraying the yearly
charge twenty thouſand pound per ann#, which was ſupplyed by
way of contribution from the Subject, and the Crown had con-
tracted a debt of eighty thouſand pounds. This contribution was
to determine the next year, and renewed it could not legally be but
by Parliament, and if that Parliament would but grant three Sub-
fidies, they would advance cnough to maintain the Army, and
providently ordered to diſcharge bis Majeſties debt; and that the
Parliament ſhould be inclined thereto, che King had many reaſons
to hope. Firſt, they had granted but onc Subſidy ſince the initiation
of King Fames his reign. Secondly, the Kingdomc was now
grown rich, peace begetting plenty. Laflly his Majeſty had lately
obliged them by ſetling all Eſtates where there had been twenty
years continued profeſſions nor did his expectation miſ-carry,
the Lord Deputy proceeding with that prudence, that he obtained
his ends.
The ſame time alſo there was in that Kingdome a Synod affem-
bled, wherein the Syſtem, the Body of Articles formed by that
Church Anno 1615. werc repcaled, and in their place were
ſubſtituted the 39. Articles of the Church of England ; intending
to create an uniformity of belief between both Churches, Many
were not very well pleaſed at this alteration, in regard the former
Articles contained expreſſely the nine Articles of Lambeth, framed
in oppoſition to the Arminian Teners; and were inſerted there by
cſpecial

Ibe Reign of King Charles.
133
cſpecial direction and order from King Fames. Again there was Ann. Cbrifti
another Article of the fame edition, wherein the Sanctification of 1634.
the Lords-day was aſſerted as a duty of Divine Righe, for defaule
of which, in thoſe of the Englifh model, men were left at liberty
to opiné what they pleaſed concerning its facred inſtitution, and
by conſequence a wide door opened to its profanation by licenti-
ous libertines.
I muſt not leave Ireland before I have vindicarcd the innocence
of the Lord Deputy from an accuſation, or rather a calumny of
Mr. Pryn, who extracts from Sir Thomas Duttons letter, a relaci-
on of a great mutiny of Papiſts in Dublin, which he fixeth upon
this year, and delivereth it as the effect of the Lord Deputy his con-
nivence, and fomenting that faction:in both which the man is grofly
miſtaken, for that mutiny he mentioneth anteceded this Lords De-
putation two years, as this Narrative hath placed it. And for the
Popiſh Recufants certain it is, they never were kept within ftricter
duty, nor held cloſer to loyal obedience then during the time he go-
verned them.
The Scottiſh diſcontents I mentioned in the laſt Annal, which The Scors be-
the King left behinde him boyling upon a foft and gentle fire, gin to plot
began now to contract a little more confidence in his abſence, and King.
to tempt his patience by a moſt mal.tious plot againſt his fame,
as preambulatory to another againſt his Perſon. Th: peoples
mindes were not yet' made fuſceptible enough of, not ſufficiently
infcated with, their miſchievous impreſſions, and becauſe the
firſt work and operation in the method of fedition, is to leaven
that maffe, firſt they whiſpered and inſtilld into them cloſc
intelligence of fome terrible plot againſt their liberties, then they
ſent abroad a veremous Libel, wherein they endevoured to in-
fame the Kings proceedings in the laſt Parliament, as indirc&t, to
charge him with the ſuborning of, and corrupting the then ſuffrages,
and ſuggeſted formidable fictions of his tendency to the Romih
Belief.
This virulent paper paſſing through many hands,, fell at length
into ſome of diſaffected inclinations, who preſently as duty
dictated, informed the Lords of the Priving Councel thereof;
upon which enſued a ſtrict and narrow ſearch into the authors
and abetter's thercof; the contriver was diſcovered to be one
Hagge then eſcaped, and the chief of the abeteers was the Lord
Balmerino.
This Lords Father was a crcature of King Fames, and by him The Lord Bal-
merino ateiga
advanced to be his chicf Secretary of State ; a ſeeming Pro.
teſtant, but infidc Romaniſt. Being a Miniſter of fo neer
admiffion to the King, he had been often tampering with him
to ſend a letter of compliment ( contrived by himſelf) co Pope
Clement, which the King as oft refuſed not without indignation
med.

134
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifii at the motion. Whercupon Balmerino taking advantage of the
1634.
Kings haſte when he was going on hunting he being to lign
ſeveral other diſpatches, he cunningly ſhulted in that Letter
Marth. Test ad amongſt the reſt, ſo as the King ſigned it unawares. Some
apolog. Anglic. Years after Cardinall Bellarmine mentioning that Letter to t the
Refponfio. Kings dil-advantage, and the King taking notice thereof queſti-
oned his Secretary for it, who upon his criall confeſſed the
whole truth, for which he was by his Peers found guilty, and
futable to his merit adjudged to be hang’d, drawn and quarto
red, and his cftate confiſcated to the Crown. Bịt that King was
mild beyond meaſure, fome thought beyond. policy, and all
this notwithſtanding would not ſpill his bloud, which was a
clemency moſt tranſcendent, had his mercy ended there; but
that pardon which was too much mercy for ſo high an offender,
was, he thought, too little for ſo great a King, therefore in tract
of time he ſhined upon him with ſuch gracs, as reſtored him
both in bloud and eſtate. This Lord being heir ex affe (even
to his very perfidiouſneſſe) of what was his Fathers, being thus
lapſed into a fimilary crimc, underwent fimilary proceedings of
gay trial and arraignment, was alſo by his Pecrs found guilty, and
ſentence of death ready to be pronounced aga ng him. True it
is, the verdict of bis Peers paſt amongſt thoſe who wiſhed well
both to him and that Libel, as over levere. But the malefactor
finding himſelf convicted, and by conſequence his life at the
diſpoſe of his Majeſty, had the wit his Father taught him, to re-
ſort to the Kings mercy, which (that the parallel might ftill pro-
cecd) was as gratioufly diſpenſed to him. This Princely favour
the Lord received ( as well it nerited) in the loweſt pofture
of a ſuppliant on his knees, with higheſt recognizance of
his Majeſties goodnefle, and deepeſt vows of future loyalty
that an obligation ſo high could deſerve. But long he held not
to the conſcience of thoſe proteftations, ſo ingratelully relapſing
ſome few years after, as if he had only craved leave to offend
againc. 12
Bontot
During theſe proceedings against this Lord, the Earl of Kenoni
Lord Chancellor of that Kingdome dyed, next whom fucceeded
the Archbiſhop of St. Andrews, a thing not known in that King.
dome for the pace of three hundred years before, for a Clergy man
to bear that office.
In England fell ewo great Favorites of different parties, of
¢ Comminalties one, of the Kings another: of the Commi-
Sir Edward nalțies, Sir Edward Coke, who dyed about the latter end of this
Coke dyeth.
Summer. Full of dayes he dyed, moſt whereof he had spent
in eminent place and honour. His abilities in the Common
Law, whereof he paffed for the great Oracle, rayfing him to
the dignity firſt of Atturney General to Queen Elizabeth, then
a botthc
oll

The Reign of King Charles.
135
not
eth.
of Lord Chief Fuſtice of the Kings Bench under King Ann. Chriſti
Fames. His advancement he loſt the fame way he got it, 1634.
by his tongue. So fare is it for a man very cloquent,
to be over loquent. Long lived he in that retirement to
which Court indignation had remitted him, yet was not his
re-cefíc in-glorious ; for at improving a diſgrace to the beſt
advantage, he was ſo excellent, as King Fames ſaid of him,
He was like a Cat, throw her which way you will, ſhe will light
upon her feet. And finding a cloud at the Court, he made
fure of fair weather in the Countrey ; applying himſelf ſo de-
voutly to popular intereſt, as in ſucceeding Parliaments, the
Prerogative felt him, as her ableſt, ſo her moſt active oppo-
nent. Upon which account he was once made High Sheriffe
of Buckinghamſhire, on purpoſe to exclude him the enſuing
Parliament, there being an eſpecial Nolumus and clauſc in his
Commiſſion prohibiting his election; notwithſtanding which
clceted he was in Norfolk, and thoſe words of Reſtraint, upon de-
bate of the Queſtion in the Houſe of Commons voted void.
On the Kings, the Great Lord Treafurer Sir Richard Weſton Lord
Weſton Earl of Portland, this year and he almoſt expiring Treaſurer dy-
together, he ending this life March the thirteenth. A fad
loſſe to the King, and the fadder becauſe he thought it irre-
parable. The truth is, he was a perſon very able for the office,
and the Excheguer was in the mending hand, while he enjoyed
that place, for he had a ſingular artifice both in improving the in-
comes, and in a frugal moderation of his Maſters expences :
But the Kings forrow was not ſo extreme for him, but
the peoples joy was full as great.
For there was now
grown ſo fad an antipathy between his Majeſtie and his Sub-
jects, that like thoſe two Emperors Antonine and Geta, they Xij kiline,
were alwayes of contrary ſcnſes and minds, rarely agreeing
in any one particular. The deportment whereby he ſo dilo
obliged the Comminalty was his promoting Monopolies, and
other advantages of Regality. The Archbiſhop aud he were
uſually at great odds, yet both in high favour with the King.
His vacant place was for the preſent entruſted to Commiſſioners
untill the King ſhould otherwayes diſpoſe thereof.
The Archbiſhop was now grown as great as power could
make him, and active in the exerciſe of that power beyond the
pra&ice of his Predeceſſor, whereby he fet many tongues about
his ears : Men beginning now to ranr it in their perulancy to
Libel and reproaching, and more then men, women alſo, a-
mongſt theſe the Lady Purbeck meditating a piece of petty re-
venge for his fo fevere cenſure of her in the high Commiſſion,
vented words of deep diſgrace againſt him, for which by the Archa
bifhops procurement ſhe was committed Márch the 24.
i olib
The

136
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
1635
Robert Pary 211
The Prinse
Elector arri-
ved.
Ann. Chrifti
The Parentheſis of the Kings private loſſe in the Lord Treaſurer
did not create in him a neglect of his publick charge, but he had ſtil
his thoughts fixt upon the general affairs, eſpecially upon his Naval
preparation, which now began to promiſe fair toward the deſign.
For beſides a ſquadron of twenty ſhips then fitting for the conduct
of the Earl of Effex, he had compleated a fleet of forty more gal-
lantly appointed, which diſ-ancred May the 4. and were comman-
ded by the Earl of Northumberland as Admiral. But all the ſervice
they performed this ſummer was inconſiderable in regard they
never came to engagement, only their formidable appearance fecu-
red the ſeas from thoſe petty-larcenies and piracies, wherewith they
were formerly ſo moleſted.
Septemb.the 29. the Earl of Arundel brought up to London out
aged man. of Shropſhire, one Robert Parr as the wonder of our times for anno-
ſity and long life, this Macrobius having atrained to the age of
neer 160. and probably he might have continued longer, had not
ſo tedious a journey, and over-violent agitation of his aged body
accelerated his end, ſo that it may be ſaid, he ſacrificed ſome years
to others curioſity.
In November, Charles Prince Elector came over into England, to
tender dues of honour and reſpect to his uncle our King, and part-
ly to ſolicite towards his reſtauration. His paffage was very turbu-
lent, being after his embarque, twice driven back by tempeft, and
when at laſt he came upon the Engliſh Coaſt, and was to be recei-
ved by Sir Fohn Pennington into the Vant-gward, which welcomed
him with a volee of great ſhot, it fortuned an unhappy boy gave
fire without order to a peece of Ordinance, whoſe bali entred the
Ship where his Highneſe was abord, and killed two men not far
diſtant from him, at which he was much affrighted.
His reception
at Court was with all poſſible ceremonies and careſſes of compli-
ment, to whom the Prince of Wales reſigned up his lodging at
white-hall.
December the 28. the Queen was delivered of another Daughter,
who was Chriſtened Elizabeth, Fanuary the 2.
Soon after arrived at London Prince Rupertus, ſecond brother to
his Electoral Highneſſe the Prince Palatine.
And at the heels of him followed an Ambaffador from Holland,
dor from Hol- ſent to congratulate with their Majeſties, the happy birth of their
ſecond Daughter and becauſe compli-ments are valued according
to the coſt is in them, they perfumed this reſpect with preſenting to
them a maſſive piece of Ambre Gris, two huge Baſons of China-
carth, a noble clock, the manufacture, the workmanſhip of Redol.
phus the Emperor, and four rare Tables of Painturę.
Bihop Juxon Affairs of the Treaſury being managed by Commiſſioners,
many hot diſputes were generated amongſt them, eſpecially bc
tween the Archbiſhop and the Lord Cottington; ſo as the Kings
diſcretion
An AmbiTa.
land.
made Lord
Treaſurer.

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
137
nies of the
diſcretion was called in to part the fray, by committing the ſtaffc Ann. Cbrifti
ofthac office into the hands of William Fuxon Lord Biſhop of 1635.
London, March 6. who though he was none of the greateſt
Scholars, yet was withall none of the worſt Biſhops. Men of the
molt re-ſearched nations are not uſually the beſt qualified for Govern.
ment, either Eccleſiaſtical, or Political ; to know, and to be wiſe, are
two. And as his moderate and cqual temper in Church affaires
gained love, ſo in thoſe of the State he preſerved it by the ſame con-
ſtant calmneſſe, and withall exhibited therein clear demonſtration
of his intemerate integrity, qualities meritorious of good eſteem.
About this time began great commotions and ſtirres in the
Church concerning ceremonies.
The Biſhops of late years ſupinely, either careleſſe, or indulgent, commotions
had not required within their Dioceſſes that ſtrict obedience to
Eccleſiaſticall conſtitutions, which the law expected: Upon this Church,
che Leiturgy began to be in a manner totally laid afide, and incon-
formity the uniforme practiſe of the Church. The now Archbiſhop
was of another mind and metall; that the external worſhip of
God ſhould follow the faſhion of every private fancy, he did
not like; and what he did not like in that ſubject, as he was in
ftate, fo he thought it was his duty to reforme. Therefore keeping
this year his Metropoliticall viſitation, he cals upon all both
Clergy and Lairy to obſerve the Rules of the church. Can it
give juſt offence to ſay that, thus far, he did but what ſorted with
the office of fo great a Prelate? Where there is not a legal ſettle-
mint for the upholding uniformity, Schiſme will flow in apace;
and the Church hath experimentally found, Schiſm in things adio-
phorous, is as fatall to her well being, as Herefie in points Dog.
matical. And better no lawes at all, then that notwithſtanding
fuch eſtabliſhments, men be permitted in practiſe to go leffe. But
his zeal to order, that carried him thus far, tranſported him a little
too far. The Communion Table which formerly ſtood in the
midſt of the Church or Chancel, he injoyned to be placed at
the Eaſt end, upon a graduated advance of ground, with the
ends inverted, and a woodden traverſe of railes before it, to keep
Profanation off, to which Railes all Communicants were to re-
fort. Theſe things were decent and comely in contemplation,
and had been ſo in practiſe, had they becn within the rule of the
Church directions, but being anomalous, innovations, and fo
ſeverely urged, many became thereupon preciſe, and ſeparated
themſelves into factious fidings; nor was this a Schiſme of an or-
dinary affiſe, but grew to that proceffe,to that degree, as, to ſpeak
in the primitive mode; Altar was erected againft Altar, thac is, one
Biſhop impugned and oppoſed another; for the Biſhop of Lincoln
(boing affronted by one Titly Vicar of Grantham) publiſhed a Tract
under
a concealed name, poſitively afferting therein, That the holy-
T
table

138
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti table anciently did in the Primitive times, and ought ſo in ours, ac-
1636. cording to the Dictates of our Church, ſtand in gremio
, and have
of the quire. And as the Archbiſhop whilſt he ſo vehemently purſu-
ed order, did a little outrun authority; ſo was he unhappy in thoſe
he did imploy as inſtruments and ſubordinates under him, ſome
whercof endevoured to ſuperinduct many things as will-worſhip of
their own, and which came within a Mathematical line of Popery
nor were they blameleſſe in their lives, ſome being vicious even to
ſcandal, nor of ſo mcek and humblebehaviour as was to be wilht, but
inſolent at a rate ſo intolerable, as one was bold to ſay, be hoped to
live to ſee the day, when a Minijter ſhould be as good a mar, as ang
Fack Gentleman in England:to ſuch an heighth of infatuation, had a
petty blaze of miſtaken honor elevated this high Flyer; who in lieu
of thoſe frolique days he looked to ſee,lived to ſee that very Hierar-
chy extirpated, and lived to ſee himſelf de-plumed of all his Pomp.
Theſe exorbitances of thoſe fons of Eli, from the rules of Ethicks,
created a very great diſguſt againſt them, and many well enough
affected to their Empire, did exceedingly blame their imperioſity.
The Presbyterians were gainers by all this, being men for the gene-
rality free of any moral ſcandal, ſaving that they were thought Phi-
largyrous, and over ſolicitous of filthy lucrezand pretended to a most
demure formality and fupple mildneſſe, plauſible inſinuations into
vulgar eſteem,whereby they daily prevailed upon the affections of
ſuch, who little thought ſuch outſide lambs, had clawes and afperi-
ties(ſo cunningly did they conceal them)far more ſharp and terrible
then the Prelates, whereof they gave ſhortly after fentible demon
ſtration.
The next Summer the Royal Fleet now completed to fixey ſail of
tall fhips, ſet ſail from the Downes for the North, to ſcour that Sea
as of Pirates, fo of the Flemiſh Bulles; which they did co ſo good
effect, as they were ſoon reduced to a precarious condition, and to
entreat the favour of fiſhing by his Majeſties commiſſion: a veniality
the King was moſt ready to indulge them; For firſt, in that prepa-
ration he had no delign paramount to the preſervation of his Rega-
lities in the Britiſh Ocean;this gaincd, he fought no more. Again, he
knew well that nothing was more pertinent to the Prince Electors
intereſt then the correſpondence of thoſc States, nor was any affi-
ſtance more like to mean and procure his Reſtauration then theirs,
and therefore it was good policy to oblige them with all fair lhews
of amity. For the Kings paſſion for his Nephews reſtauration did not
at all languiſh, but rather contracted new vigour from his preſence
at the Engliſh Court. And becauſe therc was indicted an Impe-
rial Diet at Ratisbone, Septemb. the 16. of this year, for the Electi-
on of an Emperor, he was reſolved once more to ſolicite his cauſe,
hoping the change of the perſon mighe diſpoſe to a change of
minde. The inſtrument he made choyće of for this affair, was the
Earl

The Reign of King Charles.
139
1636.
Earl of Arundel, Lord Marthal of England, in moſt gallant Ann. Chriſti
equipage he went attended with a noble train, and coming to
the Imperial Court, he preſented his Maſters requeſt to the Em-
perour; who reply'd that it was probable that Prince might be Earl of Arun
re-admitted to enjoy the lower Palatinate, bur as to the higher baffador into
it was not likely that the Duke of Bavaria, who then poffeſt Germany.
himſelf of it, would liſten to any propoſition deſtructive to his
preſent intereſt therein. A very ſharp and fierce encounter there
was between the Ambaſſadour and the Deputies of the Emper-
our upon this ſubject, ſo as they could hardly temper themſelves
from offenſive contumelies. Some of the Electors in the Diet
were very inclinable to the reſtitution, conceiving that it would
be very difficult to found a ſtody peace without it, but the Duke
of Bavaria faid peremptorily he would neither part with the ter-
ritories, nor Dignity Electoral, while he was able by the ſword to
hold them: whereupon the Lord Ambaffadour much incenſed
that he ſo long attended to ſo little purpoſe, without deigning
any the honour of an a Dieu, made haſtc away: and though the
Emperour did ſend the Spaniſh and Pologn Ambaſſadors after to
appeaſe him, and to requeſt his patience but a moneth longer, yet
would he not be exorated or be prevailed with, but came direct.
ly home, having firſt diſpatcht Letters of advice to his Maſter,
concerning the ſtate of his Negotiation; whereby the King diſ-
contented at the ſmall regard his Ambaſſadour found at the Im-
perial Diet, was prompted to return an equal Night upon an
Agent imployed ſoon after by the Emperour hither about the
ſame affair.
This breach between our King and the Emperour, did not Overtures of a
at this time more ſeem to frown upon, then another occaſion match between
to fatter that Princes fortunes; for now the King of Poland Poland and the
ſent Prince Ratzevill to trcat with our King of a marriage be- Lady Elizam
betting
cween that King and the Lady Elizabeth, liſter of the Prince
Ele&tor; which was proſecuted to a very neer point of conclufion.
Certain it is, that King was ſeriouſly inclined to the match, but
he being an Elective Prince, was in ſuch an affair to ſubmit to
che Diet of that Kingdome, and in that it found ſo fair accep-
tance, as two of the three Eſtates had once accorded to it. But
the Clergy making a pawſe in their conſent, upon a ſeeming
ſuggeſtion, that the buſineſſe was of too high importance to be
ſo precipitated, in the interim interveneth a propoſition froin the
Emperour and King of Spain, of Cecilia Arch-Dutchefe, and ſecond
fiſter of the Emperour. This overture ſo ſoon wrought upon that
Nation, as renouncing all further treaty with England, or any other
State, the match was inſtantly concluded with that Auſtrian Lady,
and the Prince Elector remitted to his former ſtate of diffidence, it
not of deſpair.
The
I 2

140
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
The Archbiſhop of Canterbury having in his Provincial viſita-
1636.
tion the laſt year ſetled Church affairs in moſt places to his
minde, though thereby he had unſetled and diſcompoſed the
mindes of others, began now to caſt a narrow eye upon the Univer-
ſity of Cambridge. Some ſpies had informed him, chat not only
Divine Service was performed, but alſo Sacraments adminiſtred in
feveral Chappels there, as in thoſe of Emanuel and Sidney-Salex
Colledge, which had not yet been conſecrated. This he thought
an high indignity to Religion, and ſuch as created a neceflity of
his vifitation. But the Univerſity hearing of what he purpoſed,
pretended an exemption from his Juriſdiction, that they had the
Power he challenged within the Charter of their own Founda-
tion; and that ſaving themſelves, none had right to viſit them,
unleſſe it were his Majeſty, whom they agniſed as their Founder.
Whercupon ſo hot a conteſt aroſe between the Archbiſhop and
the Univerſity, that it came to an hearing before the King and
his Privy Councel at Hampton Court, where it was overruled for
the Archbiſhop.
The great de In Michaelmas tearm was canvaſſed and debated that grand
Ship-money.
controverſie between the King and Subject about Shipmoney : for
the ship-writs having been iſſued out Auguſt the 11. 1635. to
divers Counties, many Inhabitants, and amongſt the reſt Mr.
Hambden of Buckinghamſhire, aſſeſſed by the Sheriffe, made de-
fault of payment, whereupon the King (fo fteddy a reſpect did
he defer to juſtice equally hating to be either flattered into, or
frighted from the belief of its legality, wrote a letter to the Judges,
demanding their opinions upon the caſe ſtated, the Letter was,
To Our trusty and well-beloved Sir John Bramſton,
Knight, Chief Justice of Our Bench, Sir John Finch,
Knight, Chief Justice of Our Court of Common Pleas,
Sir Humphry Davenport, Knight, Chief Baron of Our
Court of Exchequer, and to the reſt of the Judges of Our
Courts of Kings Bench, Common Pleas, and the Barons
of our Court of Exchequer,
bate about
Charles Rex.
“Truſty and well-beloved, we greet you
well, taking into Our Princely conſideration,
that the Honor and ſafety of this OurRealm
of England, the preſervation whereof is only
C
cen-

The Reign of King Charles.
141
6
C
'entruſted to Our care,was, and is more dear- Ann. Chrifti
ly concern'd then in late former times; as well as
by divers counſels and attempts to take from
Us the Dominion of the Seas, of which We
Sare ſole Lord, and rightful Owner, or Pro
*priator, and the loffe whereof would be of
greateſt danger, and peril to this Kingdome,
and other Our Dominions, and many other
wayes: We, for the avoiding of theſe and
the like dangers, well weighing with Our ſelf
that where the good and ſafety of the King-
dome in general is concern'd, and the whole
‘Kingdome in danger, there the charge and de-
'fence ought to be born by all the Realm in
‘general : did, for the preventing fo pub-
·lique a miſchief, reſolve with Our ſelf to have
a Royal Navy prepared, that might be of
‘force and power (with Almighty Gods blef-
ſing and aſſiſtance) to protect and defend this
“Our Realm, and Our Subjects therein from
all ſuch perils and dangers, and for that pur
époſe Weiſſued forth writs under Our Great
Seal of England, directed to all Our Sheriffs
of Our ſeveral Counties of England and
Wales, Commanding thereby all Our ſaid
"Subjects, in every City, Town, and Vil-
lage, to provide ſuch a number of Ships, well
“furniſht, as might ſerve for this Royal pur-
poſe, and which might be done with the
greateſt
C
C

142
The Reign of King Charles.
6
C
C
C
Ano biti 'greateſt equality that could be. In perform.
.
ance whereof, though generally throughout
all the Counties of this Our Realm, We
have found in Our Subjects great chearful.
‘neſſe and alacrity, which Wegratiouſly in-
terpret as a teſtimony, as well of their duti-
ful affection to us, and our ſervice, as of the
‘ reſpect they have to the Publique, which well
'becometh every good Subject; Nevertheleſſe
' finding that ſome few, happily out of igno-
rance what the Lawes and Cuſtomes of this
'Realm are, or out of a defire to be eaſed in
‘their particulars, how general foever the
charge be, or ought to be, have not yet paid
and contributed to the ſeveral Rates and Ar-
' feſſements that were ſet upon them. And
'fore-ſeeing in Our Princely wiſdome, that
* from thence divers Suites and Actions are
not unlikely to be commenced, and profecu-
ted in our ſeveral Courts at Weſtminſter;We,
deſirous to avoid ſuch inconveniences, and
out of Our Princely love and affection to all
Our People, being willing to prevent ſuch er-
rours as any of Our loving Subjects may
"happen to run into, have thought fit in a caſe
of this nature to adviſe with you OurJudges,
who We doubt not are well ſtudyed and in-
formed in the Rights of Our Soveraignty.
“And becauſe the trials in Our ſeveral Courts,
by
C
C
C
C
C
C
C

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
143
C
C
by the formalities in pleading , will require a Ann. Chrifti
long protraction, We have thought fit by 1636.
this Letter directed to you all to require your
Judgments in the Cafe, as it is ſet down in the
incloſed Paper, which will not only gain time,
but alſo be of more Authority to over-rule
any prejudicate opinions of others in the
· Point. Given under Our Signet at Our
·Court of White-ball, the 2. day of February
in the twelfth year of Our Reign, 1636.
Charles Rex,
Charles Rex.
Wben the good and ſafety of the Kingdome
in general is concernd, and the whole King-
dome in danger; whether may not the King
by Writ under tbe Great Seal of England,
command all the Subjects in his Kingdome at
their charge to provide and furniſh ſuch num-
ber of Ships with men, victuals, and Muni-
tion, and for ſuch time as be shall think fit
for the defence and Safeguard of the King-
dome from ſuch danger and peril, and by. Lam
compell the doing thereof in caſe of refuſall or
refractorineſſe : and whether in ſuch caſe is
not the King the ſole Judge both of the dan-
ger, and when, and how the same is to be pre-
vented and avoided ?
To which the Judges delivered their opinions as fol-
loweth.
Mag

144
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
May it pleaſe your moſt excellent Majeſty, we have
1636. according to your Majeſties command, ſeverally, and
every man by himſelf, and all of us together, taken
into ferious conſideration the caſe and queſtions ſigned
by your Majeſty, and incloſed in your Letter.
And
we are of opinion, that, when the good and ſafety of
the Kingdome in general is concerned, and the hole
Kingdome in danger, your Majeſty may by Writ, un-
der your Great Seal of England, command all the Suba
jects of this your Kingdome, at their charge to provide
and furniſh ſuch number of Ships with men, victual,
viunition, and for ſuch time as your Majeſty ſball
think fit, for the defence and ſafeguard of the King.
dome from ſuch perill and danger. And, tbat by Lam
your Majeſty may compell the doing thereof in caſe of
refuſal or refractorineſſe. And we are alſo of opinion,
that in ſuch caſe your Majeſty is the ſole judge both
of the danger, and when, and how the ſame is to be pre-
vented, and avoided.
Fohn Bramſton.
Fohn Finch.
Humphrey Davenport.
Fohn Denham.
Richard Hutton,
William Fones.
George Crook.
Thomas Trever.
George Vernos.
Robert Barkly:
Francis Cranly.
Richard Wefton.
Theſe opinions being fubſcribed by all the Judges, and in
rolled in all the Courts of Weſtminſter Hall, the King thought
he had now warrant ſufficient to proceed againſt all defaulters,
and eſpecially againſt Mr. Hambden, who being fummoned by
proceſſe, appeared and required Oyer of the Ship-writs, which be-
ing read he demurred in Law, and demanded the opinion of all
the Judges upon the legall ſufficiency of thoſe Writs.
This great caſe coming to be argued in the Exchequer,
che major part of the Judges delivered their opinions in fa-
vour of the Writs, and accordingly the Barons gave judgement
againſt Mr. Hambden; yet did not the queſtion Jaltogether
ſo repoſe, but Mr. Hambden obſerving ſome Judges, viz. Crook
and Hutton of a contrary ſenſe, held up the conteſt ſtill
, though
all in vain, all his inquietude not gaining him the leaſt acquit-
tall untill an higher power interpoſed.
March the 17. thc Queen bare to the King a ſecond daughter the
Lady Princeffe Anne.
Fune

The Reign of King Charles.
145
Fune the 14. a Triumvirate of Libellers, Mr. Prin a Barreſter Ann. Chrifti
of Lincolns Inne, Dr. Baliwack, a Phyfitian, and Mr. Burton a Di- 1637.
vine, ſometimes Tutor to the King, received a ſevere cenſure in
the Star-chamber. The crimes, whereof the information againſt
them confifted, were homogeneous, and all of a fute, though the
men of different Profeſſions. Mr. Prynne was ſentenced for pub-
liſhing ſome pamphlets ſcandalous both to Epiſcopal Government
it ſelf, and alſo to the Biſhops ; Dr. Baſtwick for a Latine Apology
ad Præfules Anglicanos, and a Litany very virulent againſt them,
Mr. Burton for two pamphlets of ſimilary nature, and argument,
and of as tart a ſtyle. For theſe offences the Court awarded
them a ſmart puniſhment ; Mr. Prynne felt the heavieſt ſtroke, be-
cauſe he had been cenſured there formerly, and an additional of-
fence deſerved, they thought, an additional caſtigation. He was
fined five thouſand pounds to the King, to loſe the remainder of
his ears in the Pillory, to be ſtigmatized, or if you will figma-
tized, on both checks with the letter S for a Schiſmatick, and
to be perpetually impriſoned in Carnarvan Caſtle in Wales.
Dr. Baſtwick and Mr. Burton were ſentenced each five thouſand
pounds fine to the King, to loſe their ears in the Pillory, and to
be impriſoned, the firſt in Lancefton Caſtle in Cornwall and the other
in Lancaſter Caſtle.
Fune the 26. the Prince Ele&tor beginning to languiſh in his
hapes of ſuccour from his Uncle, departed with his Brother Prince
Rupert for Holland.
The next month preſents us with the recidivation, a ſecond Bihop williams
fall of the infolent Prelate Williams Biſhop of Lincoln. His firſt ſentenced in
was mentioned in the firſt year of this Kings Reign, which though ber.
but from one ſtage, yet becauſe a fall, that is, a conſtrained
and no ſpontaneous defcent, he ftomacht with moſt high indig
nation. That by the munificence of Royal Majeſty he exchanged
his woodden for a ſilver mace, thar from a Countrey Pedant ,
he became in a double relation a Peer of the Realm , that the
in-trados and in-comes of his promotions, enabled him to accu-
mulate vaſt ſums of money, and to make acquiſt of large reve-
nues, and that of his dignities he ſtill retained the greater part,
theſe things he little minded (ſo powerful is with worthleffe fpi-
rits, one ſeeming diſcurteſie, to dif- oblige from the recogni-
fance of antecedent favours, though never fo, either great of ma-
ny.) Thus malevolently inclined, he thought he could not gra-
tific beloved revenge better, then to endevour the fupplanting
of his Soveraign, to which end finding him declining in the
affection of his People, he made his apoſtrophe and applications
to them, fomenting popular diſcourſes tending to the Kings dif
honor, ſo long, untill at length the incontinence of his tongue
betray'd him into ſpeeches which trefpaft upon Loyalty. For
u
which
the Star-cham-

146 Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti which words, they having taken a vent, he was queftioned by a
1637
Bill in the Star-chamber, 4. Car. But the information being ſome-
what lame, as being taken up upon refracted and ſecond hand
report, the Accuſation took a nap till about 8. Car. when it was
revived again. And the Biſhops purgation depending principally
upon the teſtimony of one Prideon, it happened that the Febris-
ary after, one Elizabeth Hodſon was delivered of a baſe childe,
and laid it to this Prideon. The Biſhop finding his great witneſſe
charged with ſuch a load of filth and intamy, conceiv'd it would
in-validate all his teſtimony, and that once rendred in-valid, the
Biſhop could eaſily prognoſticate his own ruine, therefore he be-
ſtirs himſelf a main, and though by order of the Juſtices at the
Publique Seffion at Lincoln, Prideon was charged as the repu-
ted father, the Biſhop by his two agents, Powel and Owen, procured
that Order ſuppreſſed, and by ſubornation and menacing of, and tam-
pering with witneſſes at length in May 10. Car. procured the childe
fathered upon one Boon, and Prideon acquit. Theſe lewd practiſes,
for the ſupportation of his favorites credit, coſt the Biſhop, as he
confeſt to Sir Fohn Munſon and others, twelve hundred pounds, ſo
much directly, and by conquence much more. For being accri-
minated in the Star-chamber for this corrupting of witneſle, and
being convicted (I will not not ſay convinced) by evident and
full proof, Fuly the 11. of this year, he received a moſt con-
dign cenſure of ten thouſand pounds fine to the King, impriſon-
ment in the Tower during his Majeſties pleaſure , ſuſpenſion ab
officiis & Beneficiis, and to be referred to the High Commiſſion
for the reſt. In this ſtate I leave him, untill the ſeries of a few
years ſhall render him in a better.
Nor muft I leave him only, but even England her ſelf almoſt ,
for now began Scotland to be the great ſcene of action, and thi-
ther muſt my diſcourſe make its next tranſition. Of this and the
next years commotions there, a true account I ſhall give you,
though not an exact one, as to deſcend to every particolar ; that is
done already as by a Royal hand, fo ftylo Imperatorio, in a full
body, and Hiſtorical ſyſteme: from whence I fall extract ſuch
occurrences as are of prime remarque, and as contractedly as may
be, having regard to the ſymmetry of the other parts of this Nar-
ration. And becauſe the precognition of their firſt extraction
will be neceſſary to the relation of thoſe occurrences, themſelves, I
ſhall there commence.
Original of
the Scottiſh
The King obſerving his Father had it once in deſign to ſettle
troubles in Scotland a Liturgy, in order to uniformity, like that of Eng-
land, but was taken away before he could accompliſh it ; thought
himſelf concerned to purſue his Fathers purpoſe: to which
end he gave directions to the Archbiſhop of Canterbury, the Bi-
ſhop of Ely, and to divers Biſhops of that Kingdome, to reviſe,
correct

The Reign of King Charles.
147
1637
affronted.
correct, alter and change, as they pleaſed, the Liturgie compiled Ann. Chriſti
in his Fathers time. This Service-Book ſo altered, and very
little differing (as he was unhappily perſwaded by them) from
the Engliſh, he ſent to his Councel of that Kingdome, ordering
them to proclaim the reading of it upon the next Eafter day, 1637.
who upon better confideration reſpited it until Fuly the 23.but gave
publique notice of it the Sunday before.
Fuly the 2 3. being Sunday, the Dean of Edenburgh began to Stirs about the
Liturgy.
read the Book in St. Giles Church (the chief of that City) buc
he no ſooner began , then the inferiour multitude began in
a tumultuous manner to fill the Church with uproar ; whereupon
the Biſhop of Edenburgh, ſtept into the pulpir, and hoping to ap-
peale them by minding them of the fanctity of the place, they
were the more enraged, throwing at him cudgels, ſtooles, and
what was in the way of fury, unto the very endangering of his
life : upon this the Archbiſhop of St. Andrews, Lord Chancellor,
was enforced to call down from the Gallery the Provost, Bay-
liffs, and other Magiſtrates of the City (then fitting there) to their
afſiſtance, who with much ado at length thruſt that unruly rabble
out of the Church, and made faſt the doores: This done, the The Biſhops
Dean proceeded in reading the Book, the multitude in the mean
while rapping at the doores, pelting the windowes with ſtones,
and endevouring what in them lay to diſturb that Sacred exer-
ciſe ; but notwithſtanding all their clamour, the Service was ended,
but not the peoples rage, who waiting the Biſhops retiring to his
lodging, ſo aſſaulted him, as had he not been reſcued by a ſtrong
hand, he had probably periſht by their violence. Nor was St.
Giles Church only thus pefter'd, and profan'd, but in other
Churches alſo, (though not in ſo high a meaſure ) the peoples
diſorders were uniſon and agrecable. The morning thus paſt,
the Lord Chancellour and Councel aſſembled to prevent the like
darings in the afternoon, which they ſo effected, as the Liturgy was
read without any diſturbance only the Biſhop of Edenburgh was
in his return to his lodging rudely treated by the people, both by
execrations and other wayes, though in the Earl of Roxboroughs
Coach.
All this time, the Magiſtrates of the City feemed fo utterly
to abhor thoſe tumultuous proceedings, as ſome they appre-
hended, and were induſtrious to enquire out others actors therein:
and whereas the Miniſters of that City craved diſpenſation from
reading of the Book untill ſecurity were given for the ſafeguard of
their perſons; the Magiſtrates and Councel of Edenburgh draw
up an obligatory Act, both for indemnity of their perſons, and alſo
for their ſecled maintenance.
Now the long vacation and Harveſt began to come on, and fe-
dition being the buſineſſe of idle men, the diſtempers began a while
uz
to/

148 The Reign of King Charles.
tumults.
every man
Anr. Chriſti to flumber ; but their corn being inned, and chef imployments
1637. over, Edenburgb began to ſwarm again to a formidable number,
and the City to relax ſo far in their former earneſtnelſe for the ser-
vice Book, as many of them preſented a Petition to the Lords of the
Councel, craving the Book might be no further preſt
upoa them,
Proclamations untill thc King ſhould ſignifie his further pleaſure. The Councel
against thoſe
upon this oblerving ſo great a confluence, and the City fo dif af.
fected, and fearing ſome dangerous conſequence, iſſued out Oct eb.
the 17. three Proclamations, the firſt to notifie the diffolving
their meeting in relation to Church matters, and that
forthwith repair home to their own dwellings, (except ſuch who
fall fhew juſt cauſe of their ſtay to the Lords ) upon pain of Rebel-
lion. The ſecond for removing of the Seffion (the Term) from Eden-
burgh to Lithgow. And the third , for calling in and burning a
ſeditious Book, entituled A Diſpute againſt the Engliſh Popish-Cere-
monies, obtruded upon the Kirk of Scotland. Theſe Proclama.
tions were not water, but rather fuel to the flame. For the next
day the Biſhop of Galloway being to fit with the Lord Chiet
Fuftice upon fome eſpecial buſineffe in the Councel houſe, he
from
was perſued all along the ſtreet with bitter raylings to the very
Councel door, and being drawn in from the rage of the people,
they immediately beſet the houſe, demanding the delivery of him,
threatning his deſtruction. The Earl of Tragnair being adver-
ciſed of the Biſhops danger came preſently to his relief; and, with
much adoe, forced an entrance through the preſs of the Murineers.
But being gor in, he was in no better plight then the Biſhop, the
clamour encreaſing ſtill more and morc, and encompaſſing the
Councel houſe with terrible menaces. Hereupon the Lord Pro-
voſt and City Councel was called upon to raiſe the fiege; but
they returned anſwer, that their condition was the ſame, for they
were furrounded with the like multitude, who had enforced them,
for fçar of their lives, to ſign a Paper importing, Firſt, That they
ſvuld adhere to them in oppoſition to the Service Book. Second-
ly, Reſtore to their places Mr. Ramſey, and Mr. Rollock, two fi-
lenced Miniſters, and one Henderſon, a filenced Reader. No bet-
ter anſwer being returned , the Lord Treaſurer with the Earl of
Wigton, went in Perſon to the Town Councel houſe, where they
found the heat of the fury ſomewhat abated, becauſe the Ma-
giſtrates had ſigned the Paper, and returned with ſome hope
that the Magiſtrates would calm the diſorders about the Coun-
cel houſe, ſo as the Biſhop might be preſerved, but they no ſooner
preſented themſelves to the great ſtreet, then they were moſt
boiſterouſly affaulted, the throng being ſo furious, as they pul-
led down the Lord Treaſurer, took away his hat, cloke, and whitc-
quair affaulted. wand, and fo haled him to the Councel houſe. The Lords ſee-
ing themſelves in fo great hazard, at length pitcht upon the beſt
expe-
Earl of Traa

I'be Reign of King Charles
149
1637.
Another Pro
expedient for their ſafety, and ſent to ſome of the Noble-men and im. Chriſti
Gentry, who were dif-affected to the Service Book, to come to
their a'd. Theſe Lords and Gentlemen came, as was deſired ,
and offered both their perſons and power to protect them; which
the Lords in the Councel houſe readily embraced, and ſo were
quietly guarded to Haly-rood houſe, and the Bilhop to his lodg-
ing
The Lords of the Courcel now thinking themſelves ſecure
that very afternoon commanded a Proclamation to be made at clamation.
the Crofte of Edenburgh, for the repreſſing ſuch diſorders for
the time to come ; bur fender obedience was yeelded thereun-
tº, for the Citizens ſent Commiſſioners to the Councel Table
demanding the reſtauration of their Miniſters, and performance
of what was promiſed before their Pacification : and not long
after the Councel was boorded with a Petition, nor of a rude
multitude, but of Noble-men, Barons, Miniſters, Burgeſſes and
Commons againſt the Liturgy and Canons. This Petition was The Scots Pe-
ſent to the King, who, diſpleaſed with the contents thereof, gave tition againſt
the Liturgy.
inſtructions for adjourning the Term to Sterling, twenty four
miles from Edenburgh, that ſo the former confluence might be
precluded, and alſo for publiſhing a Proclamation interdicting,
upon the higheſt penalty, ſuch tumultuous reforts. Upon the
very day, being February 19. and immediately after the reading
of this Proclamation at Edenburgh, the Earl of Hume, and the
Lord Lindſey, with ſome others, cauſed their Proteſtation againſt
it to be read ; and agreeable to their Proteſtation, in deſpight of
the Kings Proclamation, erected Four Tables, one of the Nobility,
another of the Gentry, a third of the Burroughs, a fourth of the Mi-
niſters; theſe four were to prepare and digeſt what was to be pro-
pounded at the General Table, formed of ſeveral Commiſſioners
choſen from the reſt.
The firſt-born and eldeſt-brat of this General Table, was a re-
1638.
newing the ancient Confeſſion of Faith of that Kirk, ( for the Enter into a
Devil himſelf, is never himſelf but when he becomes a ſeeming Solemn Cove-
Saint ) and entring a general Covenant pretended to preſerve
their Religion there profeft, and the Kings Perſon, but aiming in
truth at the deſtruction of both. The Councel, upon the firſt
publication of this combination, fent a diſpatch to the King by
Sir Fohn Hamilton, to advertiſe him thereof; the King animad-
verted every prevarication from the ancient mode, and wondred
at their unparallel'd impudence, to prefix a title ſo ſelf-deſtructive ;
for they had contrived it thus,
nant.
The Confeſſion of Faith ſubſcribed at firſt, by the
Kings Majeſty and his Houſhold in the year of God
1580.

| 150 Ibe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti 1580. Thereafter by perſons of all ranks in the year 1981.
1638. by Ordinance of the Lords of the Secret Councel, and
Acts of the General Aſſembly. Subſcribed again,
by all ſorts of perſons in the year 1590. by a new Or.
dinance of Councel at the deſire of the General Al
ſembly; with a General Band for the maintenance of
the true Religion and the Kings Perſon ; And now ſub-
ſcribed in the year 1638. by us Noblemen, Barons,
Gentlemen, Burgeſſes, Miniſters, and Commons, un-
der fubfcribing
From hence the King obſerved, that in the three firſt ſubſcrip.
tions, either his Fathers own act is expreſt, or an Ordinance of
the Lords of the ſecret Corincel , which is equivalent to Regal au-
thority, was obtained, and at the deſire of the General Aſsembly ;
whereas in the laſt, neither was his own, nor his delegated Au-
thority to his Councel implored, nor was there any General Af
ſembly to entrear it. So that the exacting of a Publique Oath,
which could not legally be done without the higheſt authority, was
actually done without the leaſt ſhadow of it.
Differing from Again, in the frame of the Covenant he noted a difference of
former prece- dangerous conſequence, from former precedents; for whereas pre-
ceding Bands annext to Confeſſions, were formed in Defence of
Himſelf, his Authority and Perſon, this new edition hath a
Combination againſt all perſons whatſoever, not Himſelf ex-
cepted.
Marqueffe
The King nothing pleaſed with theſe affronts, yet ſtudious to
ſent Commif- compoſe theſe furges of diſcontent, ſent the Marque fe of Hammil-
ton down in the quality of an high Commiſſioner, impowering him
with a Commiſſion to uſe the utmoſt of his Intereſt and Power for
30: the ſetling of peace.
Is ſlighted. Fune the 6. his Commiſſion was read and accepted by him at
Dalkeith, where though he abode many dayes, and it was but
four miles diſtant from Edenburgh, yet would not the Cove-
nanters take any notice of his being there, nor make any
ad-
dreſſe to him : and the better to colour their flight, they pre-
tended there was a dangerous plot to blow them up with Gun-
powder, which with ſome ſmall quantity of ammunition, intended
for the ſervice of the Caſtle of Edenburgh, had been there dif-em-
barqued a few dayes before.
Not long after the Marqueffe at the earneſt ſolicitation
denburgh.
and fupplication of the City of Edenburgh, and upon aſſurance
of that Cities good behaviour, and quiet deportment, removed
form Dalkeith to Holy-rood houſe, where he fell preſently into
Com-
dents.
Hammil non
- fioner into
Scotland,
Comes to E-

Ibe Reign of King Charles.
151
ters demand a
bly and Parlia-
niento
deſires.
Communication with the Covenanters. Firſt, what they expected
Ann. Chriſti
from the King in ſatisf. ction to their grievances. Next, what 1638.
aflurance they would give of the'r returning to due obedience, The Covenan-
and renur.ciation of the Covenant. To the firſt they replyed,
that no hing but a General Aſembly and a Parliament could give general Aflem-
them fatisfaction. To the ſecond they anſwered, that they diſ-
avowed any recrear from their Loyalty, and therefore needed no
return to sards it. And for the Covenant, That they would ſooner
renounce their Baptiſm then it, and that this was a propoſition
they would never endure to hear a ſecond time : which they took
ſpeedy care to prevent, for they reſented it with ſo much wrath,
as they doubled their Guards both upon the Caſtle and City: Double their
guards.
whereupon, the Marqueſe in order to his ſafety returned to Dab-
keith, and ſent to the King for new inſtructions ; to which his
Majeſties anſwer was, that he would have him forthwith publiſh
by Proclamation his Declaration, wherein he aſſured that King.
dome of his conſtancy in the Proteſtant Religion; that he would The King
never further preſſe norurge the practiſe of the Canons and Ser- yeelds to their
vice Book, but in a fair and legal way, and had given Order for
the diſcharge of all Acts of Councel concerning them; And that
he had taken into conſideration the indicting of a General Aſem-
bly and Parliament, wherein might be agitated what ſhould
moſt concern the peace and welfare of the Kirk and Kingdome.
Whereupon he expected that thoſe his ſubjects, ſenſible of his
gracious favour, would give teſtimonial of their future loyalty,
and no further provoke him to make uſc of that power which God
had given him, for the reclaiming diſobedient people.
This Proclamation was no ſooner ended, but the Covenanters The Covenan-
were ready with a traverſing Proteſt againſt it, wherein they ſeemed ters obſtinate,
highly to diſtaſte to have their actions branded with the notion of
diſobedience, and declared, that they would never abandon their
Covenant upon ſuch ſuggeſtions, and that they would not wait the
Kings conveniency for calling of an Aſſemblyzbut if he did not approve
of their proceedings, they would call a General Aſſembly thema
felves.
The Marqueſe finding them fill thus obſtinate, told them that the Marqueſle
the ſtock of his inſtructions was ſpent, and that he muſt reſort returns into
England.
to England for a freſh fupply, thercupon they acquainted him
that they expected his Majeſtics anſwer, and his return upon the
5. of Auguſt next at the furtheſt, they promiſing in the interim
to continue in a peaceable condition, nor to act any thing untill his
return.
The Marqueſſe coming into England, and making known to
the King the ſtate of his affairs in Scotland, he diſpatcht him
away with new orders, ſo as he might be there at the time pre-
fixt.
The

152 The Reign of King Charles.
to Scotland.
Ann. Chriſti The Marqueſſe upon his return, found a ſtrange rumour (pread
1638. abroad, as if he were well fatisfied with, and did approve of
their Covenant, ſo as to vindicate his own reputation, he was
And again in a compelled to call in aid of the Lords of the Councel, and others
of the Nobility to be his compurgators. This afperfion being
as he thought fufficiently wiped off, he preſently fals upon con-
ference with the Covenanters about the indieting of the Aſſem-
bly, demanding firſt to know of what members it fhould be con-
ſtituted, and of what matters it ſhould treat : whereat they few
out into an extreme rage, giving out that theſe Propofitions
were deſtructive to their liberties, and a prelimitation of that AF-
ſembly, which ought to be free, and told the Marquelle, that the
Aſſembly it ſelf ſhould be Fudge both of their own Members and of the
matters whereof it honld take cogniſance.
Propoſals con Theſe things put the Commiſſioner to a plunge, and made him
Aſſembly.
explicitely declare his inſtructions, which were to indict an Afftm-
bly, buc upon conceſſion of theſe ten Articles.
cerning the
1. That all Miniſters depoſed or fufpended by Pres-
byteries ſince the firſt of February laſt, witbout warrant
of the Ordinary, ſhould be reſtored till they were legally
convicted.
2. That all Moderators of Presbyteries depoſed, ſince
that time without ſuch warrant, bė restored , and all
others chofen in their ſtead to defift from acting as Mo-
derators.
3. That no Miniſter, admitted ſince that time, with-
out fucb warrant, ſhall exerciſe the Function of the Mi.
niſtery
4. That all Pariſhioners repair to their own Church
and that Elders aſſiſt the Miniſters in the Diſcipline of
tbe Church.
5. That all Biſhops and Miniſters have their rents
and ſtipends duly paid them.
6. That all Miniſters attend their own Churches,
and none come to the ABembly, but ſuch as fball be chofen
Commiſſioners from tbe Presbyteries.
7. That every Moderator be appointed to be a Com
miſſioner from that Presbyterie wbereof he is a Moderator,
according to the A&t of the Aſſembly 1606.
8. That

The Reign of King Charles
153
1638.
into two.
8. That Biſhops, and others, who ſhall attend the Amn. Chriſti
.
Aſſembly, be ſecured in their perſons from all trouble.
9. That no Lay perſon meddle in the choice of Com-
miſioners from Presbyteries.
10. That all Convocations and meetings be diſſol.
ved, and that the Countrey be reduced to a peaceable
posture.
Theſe Articles would no way be condeſcended to, and the
main anſwer to them was, an appeal to the General Aſſembly,
where they were properly to be decided. Upon this refulal the
Commißioner entertained a reſolution of another journey, which
the Covenanters underſtanding, they bruited abroad amongſt
their adherents, that he ncither had power from the King, nor
any inclination in himſelf to give the people any ſatisfaction :
which ſeemingly fo incenſed him, that he contracted all his former
Propoſitions into theſe two,
1. If the Lords and the reſt will undertake for Contra&ed
themſelves, and the reſt, that no Laiques ſhall have
votes in chooſing the Ministers to be ſent from the ſeveral
Presbyteries to the General Aſſembly, nor none elſe but
the Miniſters of the ſame Presbyterie :
2. If they will undertake that the Aſſembly ſhall not
goe about to determine of things eſtabliſhed by Act of
Parliament, otherwayes then by remonſtrance to the
Parliament, leaving the determining of things Ecclefia.
ſtical to the general Asſembly ; and things fetled by AEts
of Parliament to the Parliament :
bomu
Then I will preſently indist a General Aſſembly,
and promiſe, upon mine Honour, immediately after to call
a Parliament.
Theſe propoſitions put the Covenanters into ſuch a fit of cho-
ler, as they preſently gave order for a General Affembly, but when
the fit was off, and they began to cool, upon ſecond thoughts they
conceived it meet to forbear, untill the Commiſſioner ſhould re-
turn from the King, with a more pleaſing anſwer, for which they
limited him to the 21. of September next; promiſing, in the interim,
not to proceed to election.
eduses
The Commiſſioner poſting to the King found him at Oatlands, Hammilton
where entring into conſultation of the matter with his Privy goes for Enga
X
Counſellors

154
I be Reign of King Charles.
And returnerh.
Commiſſionen 22
Ann. Chriſti
Counſellors then preſent, and perſuing the advice of his Councel
1638.
in Scotland, reſolved, as he thought, upon a way which would
not leave any remnants of diſcontent, and ſent back the Marqueffe
with ample inſtructions agreeable to it, who returned within his
time limited, but found the Covenanters had given order for an
Election to be on the 22. of September , the very rext day after
that prefixt; this the Commiſſioner interpreted to be a kinde of
equivocation, but would take no notice of it, but according to
his inſtruction on that 22. of September, affembling the Councel,
delivered them a letter from the King, acquainting them with
what courſe he meant to perſue for the benefit of that Kirk and
The Kings
State. Then he appointed the Kings Declaration to be read;
gracious De- wherein he nulled the Service-Book, the Book of Canons, the
claration,
High Commiſſion, diſcharged the preſſing of the five Articles ef
Perth, Ordered that all perſons whatſoever, Ecclefiaftical or Ci-
vill, ſhould be lyable to cenſure of Parliament, and General Aſſem-
bly. That no other Oath be adminiſtred 10 Miniſters at their
entry, but what was contained in the Act of Parliament. That
the ancient Confeſſion of Faith, and Band thereunto annexed,
Bofhould be ſuſcribed and renewed, as it was in his Fathers time. That
a General Aſſembly be holden at Glaſgow, November the 21. 1638.
and a Parliament at Edenburgh the 15. of May, 1639. Where-
in he pardoncd all by-gone offences, and indicted a General
Faft.
Immediately after this Declaration publiſhed, the Confeſſion of
Faith was read, and ſubſcribed by the Marquelle, and the Lords
of the Councel. Then a Proclamation for the General Aſſem-
bly, next another for the Parliament. And laſtly were proclaimed
an Act of the Lords of the Councel, requiring a general ſubſcripti-
on of the Confeffion of Faith and a Commiſſion directed to divers
for taking the ſubſcriptions
AS,
Theſe Acts of Regal authority being paſt, the Covenanters, af-
gainſt.
ter their uſual mode, brought up the rear with a Proteſt; wherein
they moved the people to conſider with whom they were to deal and
mightily de-cry'd the new ſubſcription to the confeffion of Faith
excepted againſt the Archbiſhops and Biſhops, as not to have any
votes in the Afſembly.
- This done, they procecded to Election of Commiffioners for the
Aſſembly and firſt iſſued Orders from their Table, That every Ps-
riſh ſhould ſend to the Presbytery of their limit one Lay mar, whom
they called an Ruling Elder, who ſhould have equal vote with the Mi.
mſter in the Presbytery. Then they ſtept on, and moved the
againſt the Archbiſhops and Biſhops to appear at the Affembly,
as Rei, or guilty perſons; which he refuſing, they preſently
02 03 2909
koma framed a Bill of complaint againſt them, charging them with
many
Proteſted a-

The Reign of King Charles.
155
T
many miſ-demeanors. This Bill was preſented to the Presbytery | Ann. Chriſti
of Edenburgh, which October the 24. thereupon warn’d them all to 1638.
compeer, at the next General Aſembly to be holden at Glaſgow,
November the 21,
The day of the Aſſembly being come, the Marqueffe his Com- Biſhops Pro-
million was read in the afternoon, and nothing elſe done conſide the Aſembly.
rably that day. The next day a Declinator and Proteftation was
preſented to the Commiſſioner, in the name of the Archbiſhops
and Biſhops, againſt the Aſſembly, and containing a Nullity
of it. But it was denyed to be read, w'ereupon the Commiſſioner
entred a Proteftation againſt the refuſal of it, and took inſtruments
thereupon. The main cauſe of this refuſal
, was pretended to be,
becaule nothing could be done, untill the Moderator were choſen,
which was their next work : but when he was elected , and the
Commiſſioner offered again the Declinator to be read, then they
reply'd, that the Affembly muſt firſt be fully conſtituted. Af-
ter this they proceeded to debate of the Elections, which they
did with ſo cautelous a ſcrutiny, as they left no man ſtanding in
the quality of a Commiſſioner, who was nor clearly agreeable to
their mindc. Though the admiſſion of Lay Elders paſt not with-
out ſome high conteſt. Many places (even the Presbytery of
Glaſgow for one ) proteſting againſt the legality of their Seſſion;
which was alſo the deeper reſented by the Commiſſioner, becauſe
the King having nominated fix Lords of his Privy Councel to be
Affeffors to his Commiſſioner in that Aſſembly, they abſolutely
refuſed to entertain them, or allow their ſuffrage,affirming with-
all, that were the King himſelf preſent, he should have but one wote,
and that no negative one neither.
The Commiſioner concluding from theſe premiſes, that no
good was like to be done by continuing the Aſſembly longer, No-
Pember the 28. conſulted with the Councel about its diſolution,
and it being agreed in the affirmative, he went to the Affembly,
and told them,
You are now about to ſettle the lawfulneſje of this Judi-
cature, and the competency of it againſt Biſhops, neither
of wbich I can allow ; I am glad I have ſeen this Aſſem-
bly met, a thing which was ſuppoſed his Majeſty never
intended, and for the further clearing the integrity of bis
intentions, let this paper wbich I deliver to the Clerk to
be read bear witneſſe.
The paper being read by the Clerk, was a Declaration the ſame
in every fubftantial point with the Proclamation, diſcharging the
Service Book, Book of Canons, &c. This Declaration ſoon after
X ?
the

156
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
ſolved.
nanters,
Am. Chrifti the reading, was ſigned by the Commiſſioner, and required to be
1628 entred into the Books of the Aſembly; Provided that this A# of
Regiftring this Declaration, ſhould be no approbation of the law
The general
fulnefle of this Aſſembly, to the diſſolution whereof he was next to
Affembly diſa proceed, and therefore proteſted, that whatſoever ſhould be done or
ſaid in it, ſhould not be obligatory, or be reputed an Act of a Gene-
ral Aſimbly. The very night of the diſſolution of this Aſſembly,
the Commiſſioner afſembled the Councel to draw up a Proclamation
Argile declares for diffolving it, which being reſolved upon, was ſubſcribed by
for the Cove all, but the Earl of Argile, who began now to fhew himſelf for the
Covenanters.
The Proclamation being formed and publiſhed, Nov. 29. was en-
countred with a Proteſtation of the Covenanters, That it is lawful for
them to ſit ſtill, and continue the Aſſembly,and that they would ftill
adhere to all their former Proteſtations; and accordingly purſuing
the tenor of their Proteſtation, preſently declared fix former
General Aſſemblies, (which they thonght would dif-ſerve them)
to be null, deprived all the Biſhops, and ſome they excommu-
nicated, and ſoon after aboliſhed Epiſcopacy it ſelf as inconſiſtent
with the laws of that Church. And the Commiſſioner being re-
Covenanters turned in diſcontent for England, began might and main to levy
begin to arm. Souldiers, to impoſe taxes, to raiſe fortifications, to block up
ſome and ſcile others of the Kings Caſtles, and to prepare for
Warre.
Now becauſe this Warre was the Epoche, the Nativity day from
whence all the ſeries of this Kings troubles are to be computed,
and all for the advancement of Presbytery, it may perhaps give
ſatisfaction to ſome if I deliver the firſt riſe, the motions, the
proceſſes thereof, and how it contracted ſuch power within
this Ille.
It was this year an exact Century ſince Calvin firft ſer his
growth of
foot into Geneva, where the Biſhop being expelled, neceffary
Presbytery.
it was ſome other Government ſhould be ſuccenturiared in
ſtead of the forrner. Calvin being of high cftcem there, the
contrivance thereof was committed to his care. He obſerving
the Town Democratical in the Civil, thought an Ecclefiaftical
ftate elemented of reſpondent principles, would fute beft : upon
which conſideration he formed a conſiſtory of Elders, whereof
a grcat part were Lay. And theſe were to manage all Ecclefi-
aftical concernments. Famous was he for this new-model, no
leſſc then Columbus for his America; nor was it enough it was
reputed a prudent inſtitution, it muſt alſo be entituled to Divine,
and Sacred Scripture tortured to declare as much. Moſt kind
reception it found with the Gallican, and Belgique Churches.
Where planted and fetled, the next defign was to diſpatch
it over into Great Britain : tp which offee Beza writes a
complying
The riſe and

The Reign of King Charles.
157
complying Epiſtle Commendatory to Queen Elizabeth, preſent- Arn. Chriſti
Jing this Geneva Plat-form, as the only defideratur wanting 1638.
to Englands Reformation. The Queen was loath to proſcribe
ſo long a ſtandard as Epiſcopacy, to entertain ſuch an upſtart
in-mate as Presbytery, therefore gave Beza his ſaying, but not
his deſire; this was Anno 1560. And ſhortly after not only she,
but che hole Parliament ( whereof ſome members began now to
incline to the Diſciplinarian Sect) were fummoned again by
Libels, called, An Admonition to the Parliament, and Defence
of that Admonition, to the Abolition of Epiſcopacy, as Anti-
chriſtian. But all this notwithſtanding both she and her Pan-
Anglium, or great Councel, ſtood fixt and inexorable, ſo that
all the efforts and attempts of the other party, could not pro-
duce any conſiderable unſettlement of that ancient diſcipline.
In Scotland true it is, the new projected model proſperid better;
for the Earl of Murray, or rather the Prior of St. Andrews
(baſe brother to the Queen) with his complices, Knox, Buchannan
and others in their firſt Reformation, about Anno 1560. gave
ſo terrible a ſhock to Popery, as made every thing, and
by confequence Epiſcopacy, which ſtood neer it, to recl. Which
nevertheleſie held them tug a skore of years, nor could they
ſupplant it all at once, but gained upon it by degrees. Firſt an
Afli mb'y at Dundee, Anno 1980. Ordered all Biſhops upon pain
of Excommunication, to reſign up their offices; and about three
years after prevailed with the Parliament (the King being then
in Minority ) to annex their Temporalities to the Crown.
Though this was acted in Scotland, yet was it not without in-
ſtigation from England, and from ſome of her prime Nobility,
animated by ſome Miniſters who began to be now fo pagma-
tical and bulic, as to preſerve Eccleſiaſtical unity, the then Arch-
biſhop wbitgift by command from the Queen that very year
contrived thoſe three eminent Articles in the late Canons, wherero
all who deſired to enter into ſacred Orders were ſtrictly enjoyned
ſubſcription. The firft acknowledging the Queenes Suprema-
The ſecond, profeffing conformity to the Bouk of Common-
prayer, and approbation of the book of ordering of Biſhops,
Prieſts, and Deacons. And the third afſenting to the thirty
nine Articles of the Church of England. Nor was the Hierar-
chy thus quite outed in Scotland, but ſomewhat revived again
by the Parliament, ratifying the Clergy as the third Eſtate,
Anno 1584. But the other party being reſolved never to ac-
quicſce, untill they obtained their minds, grew fo impetuous as
they, I cannot ſay perſwaded, but even forced that State Anno
1592. to ratifie their Diſcipline. Thus did Epiſcopacy and Preso
bytery play Leve-le-queve, and take their turns of Government
for about 30 years, but in the year 1598. King James, the
Queçn
010.

158
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Mother of
France comes
Ann. Chrifti Queen of England now declining, hoping his wardſhip to theſe
1638.
hot ſpirits began now to exſpire, took up reſolutions of animoſity,
and cauſed the Prelates to be reſtored to their ancient vote in
Parliament, and publiſhed his Book called Baſilicon Doron, ex-
preſling therein no great good will to the Conſiſtorian Sect. And
though Anno 1603.upon his firſt acceſſion to the Engliſh Crown, he
uvas faluted here with a Petition, pretended of a thouſand Miniſters,
that they might appear the more formidable, yer did he flight their
boldnefle, and in Scotland by ſeverall Acts of a Pirliament reſcinded
what had formerly been introduced to the prejudce of Epiſcopacy,
ſo that from 1589. untill this preſent, thc Presbyters durft never
appear in oppoſition.
The Queen
October the laſt Mary de Medicis the Queen Mother of France
came to London, and ſo to St. Jameſes. The people were gene.
into Englard. rally male-content'at her coming and wiſht her farther off. For
they did not like her train, and followers, which had often been
obſerved to be the Sword, or Peſtilence, ſo that ſhe was beheld
as ſome meteor of ill fignification. Nor was one of theſe cala-
mities thought more the effect of her fortunc, then inclination, for
her reſtleſſe and unceſſant ſpirit was prone to imbroyl all wherefo-
ever ſhe came.Her impetuous banding and combining with Monn-
fer the Duke of Orleans, and the improſperity of that enter-
priſe made France too hot for her, and drave her in the year
1631. to Bruxels, where the Cardinal D'Infanta treated her a
while with moſt honorable careſſes and reſpects, but Flanders
which at firſt ſeemed her place of Refuge, became afterward her
greateſt danger, the being ( as her own Manifefto ſets forth) lo
hunted and purſued with continual imprecations and curſes there,
as ſhe began to fear ſome violence to her Perſon, ſo that quit-
ting that Countrey, ſhe betook herſelf to the protection of the
Prince of Orange, 1637. long ſhe ſtaid not there, bue having
received an invitation from the Queen her daughter the reſorted
bither.
The King
The King perceiving the Scots meditated nothing but War
thought it flender policy to ſtrain curteſie with them, and to
yeeld them the ſtart, therefore by the advice of the Archbiſhop
haftned the levies both of men and monies with all poſſiblc ex-
pedition, and becauſe it was the Biſhops war, he thought it re-
quiſite they ſhould contribute largely towards the preſervation of
their own Hierarchy, and accordingly orders were iſſued from
the Lords of the Councel to the Archbiſhops of Canterbury and
Tork commanding them to ſend forth directions to all the Biſhops
within their Provinces, to convenc the Clergy of their Dioceſes,
and to invite them to a liberal aid. What the preciſe product of
the Clergy offerings was is not material to infert, nor could my
information reach it, only it is preſumable it was very ample,
raiſeth an
Army.
fol

The Reign of King Charles.
159
ſo as with that and the ſpontaneous contributions of divers of Ann. Chriſti
the Nobility and Gentry, the King had amaſt together a confi-| 1639.
derable power; whereof the Earl of Arundel-had the chief con : 1632
duct: with this ſtrength the King, March the 27 the day of his In-Goeth againſt
auguration, marched againſt the Scots, and may the 28. encamped the Scorse
within two miles of Barwick, and within view of the Enemy
who were ready to receive him. But all the preparation both of
one fide and the other, proved only an interview of two Ar-
mies, norhing being acted conſiderable in way of engagement;
for after ſome few dayes attendance each upon other in that
quiet poſture, an Overture came from the Scots of their ſuppli-
cation, that the King would appoint Commiſſioners to treat
about a Pacification. The King moſt cheerfully imbraced the
motion, and nominated the Earls of Pembroke, Salisbury, Hol-
land, and Barkſhire, Sir Henry Vane, and Secretary Coke: to theſe
were joyned on the Covenanters part, the Earles of Rothes, of
Dunférmlin, the Lord Loudon , the Lord Dowglas, Alexander
Henderſon, and Archibald Fohnſtoun. Theſe having had many ſe-
veral debates, at length Fune the 17. concluded upon a Pacification
diſtributed into theſe Articles,
110 129000
Dingo ebrewo: 981
pri: Onthe Kings parts
un orice
1. His Majeſty to confirm what his Commiſſioner A Pacification.
promiſed in his Name, d'eiz bu istaba
2. That a General Aſſembly be indi&ed, to be
kept at Edenburgh, Auguſt the 6.
That command be given for a Parliament to be
holden at Edenburgh, Anguft the 20.9-vuittol breweri
That he recal all his Forces by Land or Sea, and
reſtore all fhips and goods arreſted and detained,
fince the pretended Aſſembly at Glaſgow, upon the
Covenanters diſarming, and disbanding of their
Forces, diſſolving their Tables, and reſtoring to the
King all his Caſtles, Forrs, and Ammunition, and re-
leaſing all the perſons, lands and goods then under
reſtraint or detained fince the pretended Aſſembly of
Glaſgow. This bis Majeſty to doe by Declaration,
It has Oy
On the Covenanters party in
van ozor VS AD CE volls bib W1
1. The Forces of Scotland to be disbanded within forty
eight boures after publication of the Kings Declaration.
and
testo 2. They

160
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti 2. They to render up, after the ſaid Publication, all
1639. Caſtles, Forts, Ammunition of all ſorts, ſo ſoon as the King
fall ſend to receive them.
3. They to hold no meetings, treatings', nor con-
ſultations, but ſuch as are warranted by A&t of Par-
liament.
4. They to defift from all Fortifications, and thoſe to
be remitted to the Kings pleaſure.
5. Tbey to reſtore to all the Kings Subjects, their li-
berties, lands,houſes, goods, and means taken or detained
from them, ſince then. of February laſt.
The Cove-
Fune the 18. the King ſigned his Declaration, and the Cove-
narters their Articles : This pacification did at firſt generally
excite exceeding great tokens of joy, wherein none had more
reaſon to be fincere then poor Aberden, for the Earl of Munt.
roſs, General of the Covenanters, was that very time march,
ing towards that Univerſity, with a Commiſſion to conſume it by
fire to alhes, upon ſuggeſtion that the Inhabitants had falſified their
Oathes.
The Declaration and Articles being ſigned, and affairs car-
rying ſo calm a front of peace, the King had intentions of being
preſent at the General Aſſembly; but this lucid interval proved
but a weather-breeder, and the apprehenſions of a Pacification,
were ſoon transformed into an opinion that they were but dreams,
inward hoſtility appearing through the diaphanous body of all the
Scots
Scots actions.
For the Declaration was no ſooner publiſhed, but at that very
nanters till hour the Covenanters produced a Proteſtation. Firſt of adhering
refra&tary.
to their late General Aſſembly at Glaſgow, as a full and free Al-
ſembly of their Kirk, and to all the proceedings there, cſpeci-
ally to the ſentences of deprivation and excommunication of the,
fometimes pretended, Biſhops of that Kingdom. Secondly, of
adhering to their ſolemn Covenant, and Declaration of the Affem-
bly, whereby the Office of Biſhops is abjured. Thirdly, that no
members of the Colledge of Juſtice ſhall attend the Sellion, (or
Term) and if they doe, all their Acts and ſentences ſhall be
void and ineffectual.
Nor did they punctually perform any one Article : For
they ſtill kept their Officers in conſtant pay; they did not flight
their Fortification at Leith, diſtant a mile from Edenburgh; they
ítill continued their meetings and conſultations ; they fill diſqui-
eted, moleſted, and frighted all of different inclinations. And
which!

The Reign of King Charles.
161
which was worſt of all, they diſperſed a ſcandalous libel, enti. Ann. Chrifti
tuled, Some conditions of his Majeſties Treaty with his Subjects of 1639.
Scotland, before the Engliſh Nobility, are ſet down here for remem-
brance : what theſe conditions were, I never could learn, but they
being delivered into the hands of the Engliſh Nobility, whereof
ſome had been Commiſſioners, they diſ-avowed any ſuch conſent
of his Majeſty in their hearing, and by an Act of Councel the papers
were appointed to be burnt by the Hangman.
Matters being in this doubtful poſture, the King had little
minde to ſee himſelf affronted, and thought theſe diſtempered
diſorders would be better born at a diſtance; therefore towards
the latter end of Fuly, he plyes him home to England. Auguft The generall
the 6. according to the Kings indiction, the Aſſembly met and aſſembly meet.
fate at Edenburgh, and continued until the 24. The great tranſ-
actions of this Aſſembly was the aboliſhing of Epiſcopacy, the five Epiſcopacy 2-
bolished.
Articles of Perth, the High Commiſſion, the Liturgy, and Book of
Canons, all theſe aſſented to by the Commiſſioner , the Earl of Tra-
quir.
The Aſſembly now riſen, the Parliament being prorogued to The Parlia-
Auguſt the laſt convened. The firſt four dayes produced an ment affemble.
high debate about chuſing the Lords of the Articles, in regard
Epifcopacy was aboliſhed. The ancient uſage was conſtantly this.
The King firſt named eight Biſhops; then thoſc Biſhops choſe
eight Noblemen ; thoſe Noblemen choſe ſo many Barons, and theſe
the like number of Burgeſſes : theſe thirty two, with eight Of-
ficers of the Crown, made up a compleat Committee of forty,
who were to conſider upon ſuch Articles as were to be vored in
Parliament, and this Committee were called Lords of the Articles,
Now the Kings Commiſſioner demanded, that ſeeing the King
anciently had the nomination of eight Biſhops his Majeſty might not
be prejudiced in his right by their
expulfion, buț that he might have
the choice of the cight Noblemen : which the Parliament yeelded
to for this once, but voted for the future every Stare ſhould chuſe
their own Commiſſioners.
Then they entered into conſideration of conſtitucing the Third Incroach
Eſtate, and what fuccenturiation, what ſupplement ſhould be re- upon the Pre-
ſolved upon in the lieu of Biſhops; the King urged the hạying
rogative.
of fourteen laicks, of ſuch as were called Abbats and Priors, to
repreſent the third Eſtate; but the Parliament voted, That Eftatc
ſhould be compleated by Imall Barons, who repreſented the Com-
minalty. Next they fell upon forming an Ad Reſciſſory, whereby
former Acts concerning the Judicatory of the Exchequer!, con-
cerning Proxies, and concerning confirmation of Ward-lands
ſhould be nulled.
The King finding ſuch pertinacity of endevours, not to re- is prorogued.
form abuſes, but to new-inodel a Government, and to rally to
Y
eclipſe

narrowly
162 The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti eclipſe his Regal power, gave ſpeedy Order to his Commiſſioner,
1639. the Earl of Traquair, to prorogate the Parliament untill the 2.
ot Func next: which command being fignified by the Commiſ-
fioner to the Parliament, they prefently entred into a Declara-
tion, wherein they poſitively affirmed, that this Prorogation was
in-eff. Etual in Law, and of no force, it being made without con-
Lent of Parliament; that they inight juſtifie their fitting ítill,
yet out of their reverend regard to his Majesty, they were re
ſolved for the preſent only to make remonftrance to him, of the
reaſons of their propoſitions, and proceedings in this Parliamen',
and that if it ſhould happen, that after their Remonſtrance,
their Enemies ſhould prevail by falſe ſuggeſtions againſt their
Informations, that then it ſhould not be to them an imputation,
that they were conſtrained to take ſuch courſe as might beft fc-
cure the Kirk and Kingdome, from the extremity of confuſion and
miſery.
After, and as a conſequent of this Declaration, they fent
their Deputies the Earl of Dunfermlin, and the Lord London,
to preſent their Remonſtrance. When the Commiſſioner came to
the Court to make report of the proceedings of that Parliament,
and the King appointed a ſeleet Committee of his Councel, to
hear both the one and the other ; many very fierce and fiery recri-
minations there were counter-changed between the Commiffioner
and Deputies. But the Deputies infifted not at all upon quali-
fication, but direct juſtification of all the Aſſemblies and Parlia.
ments tranſactions, ſo far as they deſired ratification of their
conſtitutions; which the Committee thought could not be granted
without leſſening the Soveraign Authority, and then concluded
that the Covenanters were no way reducible but by force. Thus
ſtood matters between the King and them about the beginning of
December.
And now it is high time for me to change my quarters, and for
a while to vifit England, and to ſurvey the moſt noble parcels of
occurrences there.
About the later end of Fuly, the Prince Ele&tor arrived here,
into whoſe enſuing miſ-fortunes I ſhall introduce you by the nar
rative of a late by-paſt adventure hitherto ſuppreit, through the
interpoſition of the Scot'sh troubles. The Prince, with his Bro
ther Rupert, had the laſt year gathered together in Holland a
confiderable beginning of an Army, with theſe they advanced
into Weſtphalia, and fate down before Lemgea, whereof Hata
field General of the Imperialiſts, having notice, came fpeedily upon
them, enforced them both to riſe, and fight, and in the encoun-
ter ſlew two thouſand of the PaltZgraves party, took Prince Ru-
pert and the Lord Craven Priſoners, the Prince Elečtor very
very
The Prince
Ele&tor bis ill
fucceffe.

The Reign of King Charles. 163
2
very hopes, indulged himfelf for the preſent a total repoſe Ann. Chriſti
of all deſigns tending toward his reſtauration. Now it for- 1639.
tuning that the laſt moneth Duke Barnard (thar Heroique Com-
mander) dycd, the Prince of Orange adviſed this Prince to re-
ſort to his Uncle the King of England for his aſſiſtance, and
therewith to enter upon the head of Duke Barnards Army. But
the King told him his home affairs were in that doubtful con-
dition, as he feared they might require all the force he could
command, but in regard the French Ambaſſador was then here, he
promiſed to uſe the utmoſt of his intereſt with that King for his
re-inveſting, and accordingly told the Ambaſſador, that he ad-
viſed his Nephew to apply himſelf to his Maſter, and to joyn
in League with him, and aſſured him what aſſiſtance he could
ſpare. The Ambaſſador ſeemed to be very well pleaſed with
the ofler, and perſwaded his Majeſty, that the Cardinal Riche.
lieu, who was the grand directer of all the French Councels
would be glad to ſerve his Majeſty or his Nephew, and preſent-
ly diſpaicht letters of intimation to the Cardinal. But in the in-
terim of this Treaty, in November the Prince was moſt unad-
viſedly adviſed to paſſe through France in a diſguiſe, and to
come clandeſtinely to the Swediſh Army : But the plot was not
ſo cloſely carryed, but he was more then once diſcovered; for
when he paſſed by the Kings Fleec at the Domnes, he was fa-
luted with a volee of ſhot, and the ſhip which landed him af
Boullen diſcharged all her Ordinance ; from Boallen he went to
Paris, and ſo to Lions, where meeting with the Gentleman who
was ſent from the Ambaſſadour, he was diſcovered, and he denying
himſelf, arreſted. This the King of France took as an argu-
ment of no fair intentions towards him, and as a moſt perfidi-
ous part in a time of Treaty, ſo that he was kept a great while
in the nature of a Priſoner, with a ſtrict guard both of Horſe and
Foot about him.
But the grand buſinefle of this Summer, was a terrible en-
counter between the two Fleets of Spain and Holland in the Downs.
The relation whereof from Sir Fohn Pennington was as fol-
loweth.
The Spaniſh Fleet conſiſting of neer ſeventy fail, bound and Engagement
deſigned for Dunkırk in Flanders, with a recrute both of men
Spaniards and
and money, met with the Vice-Admiral of the Holland Fleet, the Hell anders
having in his company ſeventeen tall ſhips, September the 7, and in the Downes.
entred a very ficrce diſpute between them, untill the Hollander
perceiving himſelf too weak, got to the wind-ward, failing along
with them towards Dunkirk, continually fiering their Ordinance
to give warning to their Admiral, who lay before Dunkirk with
the reſidue of the Fleet; in this encounter the Hollander had
two ſhips ſunk : the next morning by two of the clock, the
Admiral
between the
Y 2.

164 The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti Admiral came up, and joyning with the Vice-Admiral, between
1639. Dover and Calais, they ſet upon the Spanyard, and continued a
very fharp fight till paſt noon, wherein they had much the ber-
ter, having taken two Gallions, ſunk another, and much ſhat-
tered the reſt, though they were but twenty five fail, to the
Spanyards fixty and upwards, and at length forced them upon
the Engliſh coaſt neer Dover; where they left them, and bare
off for the coaſt of France, not willing to attempt any thirg
againſt them within the King of Englands liberties.
The Spanyards being now got, as they thought, under the
lee of Englands protection, began to plot how to get rid of their
bad neighbours. And the Spaniſh Reſident importuned the King,
that he would keep the Hollander in fubjection two tydes, that
in the interim they might have the opportunity of ſhipping away
for Spain ; but the King being in amity with them both, was re-
ſolved to ſtand neuter, and whereas the Spanyards had hired ſome
Engliſh fhips to tranſport their ſouldiers to Dunkirk, the King
upon complaint of the Dutch Embaſladour, ſtrictly commanded
that none ſhould take in any Spaniards, nor paffe beyond Graves-
end without Licenſe; but the Spaniards and the Hollanders,
plotting a great while counter the one to the other, the Spani-
ard at length ſomewhat outwitted his Enemy, and by a ſtrata-
gem in the night conveyed away fourteen Dunkirk ſhips, and in
them four thouſand men.
In the beginning of October, the King fent the Earl of Arun-
del to the Admiral of Spain, Don Antonio D' Oquendo, defiring
him to retreat upon the firſt fair winde, becauſe he would not
they ſhould engage within his Seas; but the winde continued
Eaſtwardly ſo long (a thing not uſual at that ſeaſon ) as the
Hollanders had daily freſh ſupply from Zealand, ſo that at length
their Armado was complcated to an hundred ſhips, wherewith they
encompaſſed their Enemies within piſtol fhot for ſome dayes. But
that which was ſo long an enterview of theſe two great Fleets, ar
laft turned to an engagement.
For the 11. of the fame moneth Van Trump the Dutch Ad-
miral, charged the Spaniards with Canon and fire-ſhips fo furi-
ouſly, as made them all cut their cables, and being fifty, three
in number, twenty three ran on thoare, and ſtranded in the
Downes, whereof three were burnt, two ſunk, and two periſhed
on the ſhore: one of theſe was a great Gallion the Vice-Admi-
ral of Galatia, Don Andrea de Caſtro, and had fifty two brafle
pieces of Ordinance : the remainder of the twenty three deſerted
by the Spaniards, who went to land, were mann'd by the Engliſh
to ſave them from the Dutch. The other thirty Spaniſh ſhips
under the command of the Admiral's Don Antonio doquendo,
and Lopus of Portugal, went to Sea, and kept in cloſe order, un-
till

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
165
till a grear fogge fell upon them, when the Dutch taking his ad. Ann. Chriſti
vantage, interpoſed betwixt the Admirals and their Fleet, and 1639.
fought them valiantly till the fogge cleared up, when the Ad-
miral of Portugal began to flame being fired with two Holland
fire ſhips, which D' Oquendo perceiving, he preſently took his
courſe towards Dunkirk, with the Admiral of that place and
ſome few ſhips more, for moſt of the reſt were taken; of theſe
thirty, cleven were ſent priſoners into Holland, three periſhed
upon the coaſt of France, one neer Dover, five ſunk in the fight,
and only ten eſcaped. This Narration was ſent from Van Trump
himſelf to Foachimi the then Dutch Agent hert.
The firſt apparition of this Armado upon our Coaſt, was be-
held by Countrey people as a repreſentation of that Invincible-One
in 88. and that the main deſign of this, was like that, an In-
vaſion. They thought the imbarquing of twenty five thouſand
Land-Souldiers, belīdes Mariners, were too many for a recrute.
They thought the Admiral of Naples his refuſal to Thew his Com-
miſſion, though required by the King, was but of ill fignifica-
tions they wondered that the Town of Dunkirk, ſhould ſo much
diſpute the reception of the fourthouſand which were conveyed
thither, till the Cardinal Infanta fent expreſſe order, had thoſe
Forces been deſigned for their recrute. And this perſwalion is
ſo implanted in many, as it is ſtill very difficult to make them
unbelieve it : or not knowing, or not conſidering, that thoſe
Souldiers were unarmed, very few Officers amongſt them, and
the hole Fleet ſo poorly accommodated for invaſion, as they
had not powder enough for their own defenſive offence , ſo that
when they lay at anchor in the Downes, London was their choice
Magazine, from whence they had their conſtant and daily
ſupply.
Theſe two potent Enemies, being both friends to England,
the Brittiſh Seas ought by rule of State to have been an har-
bour of retreat to ſecure the weaker from the ſtronger, not the
Scene of their hoſtile engagement; and had this preſumptuous
attempt of the Hollander met with a King, or in Times of ano-
ther temper, it would not, it's like, have been ſo ſilently connived
at, and their victory might have coſt them the lofſe of Englands
correſpondence. But self-denyal is a Chriſtian, not 4 Martial
vertuc, and who is able to reſiſt the temptasion of an advantage,
whereby he may deſtroy his foe, upon the nicety of exceeding his
juſt limits: Beſides the King, the Dutch well knew, was of a ge-
nius, as nor querulous, ſo if provoked, very placable; and the dif-
poſition of his affairs, as well as of his minde , diffwaded from ex-
poftulating the matter with them.
About the beginning of Fanuary dyed Sir Thomas Coventry, Sir Thomas Co-
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, a Dignity he had ventry dyeth.
fifteen!

166
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti
1639
fifteen years enjoyed, If it be not more proper to ſay, That Digni-
ty had enjoyed him fo long, this later age affording not one
of
svery way more apt qualifications for the place. His front
and preſence beſpake a venerable regard, not inferiour to that of
any of his Anteceffors. His train and ſuit of followers was diſpoſed
agrecably to fhun both envy and contempt; not like that of the
Vicount St. Albans, or thic Biſhop of Lincoln, whom he fuc-
ceeded, ambitious, and vain; his Port was ſtate, theirs oſtenta-
sion. They were indeed the more knowing men, but their
learning was extravagant to their Office: Of what concerned his
place he knew enough, and which is the main, acted conformable
to his knowledge ; for in the adminiſtration of juſtice, he was ſo
erect, ſo in-corrupt, as captious malice ſtands mute in the ble-
mish of his fame: a miracle, the greater when we conſider that
he was alſo a Privy Counſellour. A cruft wherein he ferved his
Mafter the King moſt faithfully, and the more faithfully, becauſe
of all thoſe Councels which did dif-ſerve his Majeſty, he was an
carneſt difſwader, and did much dif-affect thoſe ſticklers who
laboured to make the Prerogative rather tall, then great, as know-
ing that ſuch men loved the King better then Charles Stewart.
So that although he was a Courtier,and had for his Mafter a pafſion
moſt intenſe, yer had he alſo alwayes of paſſion fome reſerve
for the publiq. e welfare. An argument of a free, noble, and
right principled minde. For what both Court and Country
have alwayes held as in-compoſſible and in conſiſtent, is in truth
erroneous. And no man can be truly Loyal, who is not alſo a
good Patriot, nor any a good Patriot, who is not truly Loyal. To
this worthy Gentleman ſucceeded Sir John Fisch formerly Ivord
Chief Juſtice of the Common Pleas.
The Scotſ Revolters in the ſtate I left them, were not like
to meliorare nor to goe lefſe in animofity, but every day adminiſtred
recent matter of diſcontent, and of fomentation to the differences:
and every event, of any confiderable aflife, muſt be interpreted as
configurating and complying with the great cauſe.
It fortuned that November the 19. being the Anniverſary night
of the Kings birth-day, a great part of the wals of the Caſtle of
Edenburgh fell to the ground, with the Canons mounted : which
cauſed ſuch a confternation, ſuch an Alarm in the Caſtle, as if they
had been undermined and ſurprized; but that was not all, for
this caſualty upon a time of ſo much remarque, could then re-
ceive no other conſtruction from the Grammar of Superſtition,
then an ominous preſage of the ruine of the Kings deſign; eſpecially
conſidering that at that very fame night the Scotch Commiſſioners
returned from England to Edenburgh, ſo that the dilapidation
ſeemed to import an humble proftration to the idolized Covenant.
But the craftieft (I ſay not the wiſeft) of thc Combination,
would
Edenburgh Ca-
ſtle-wals fall
down,

The Reign of King Charles. 167
would not truft to ſuch fallacious conjectures ; but willing to Ann. Chriſti
apprchend, and lay hold of any thing which offered its ſervice to 1639.
their enterpriſe , made a politique uſe thereof, and the King ha-
ving appointed the Lord Eſtrich, Colonel Ruthen, and Govern. Their repara-
our of the Caſtle, to take order for the re-cdification of what by the Cove-
was lapſed, they refuſed to permit any materials to be carryed nanters
,
in for reparation : which fo incenſed the King, as he concluded the
indignity intolerable, and preſently entred into deliberation how
to relieve himſelf by force under this oppreſſion; but with whom
he ſhould conſult, there lay the difficulty, the tranſactions of his
Councel muſt be more cloſely carryed then heretofore, for fear
of correſpondency with the Covenanters; to this end a pri-
vate Functo for the Scotſh affairs, are ſelected from his Coun-
cel, and great care taken, that thoſe hunting Lords (as the Arch-
bihop called them) Pembroke, Salisbury, Holland, doc. who were
Commiſſioners at the Pacification, be excluded, though Hammil-
ton was retained, more dangerous, and fallacious then all. At
this cloſe and ſecrer Councel, Decemb. 5. it was agreed his Ma-
jeſty ſhould call a Parliament, to aſſemble April the 13. The King
told them he exceeding well approved of that Councel, but with-
all he ſaid, My Lords, the Parliament cannot ſuddenly convene
and the ſubſidies they grant will be so long in levying, as in the
interim I may be ruin'd; therefore ſome Speedy courſe muſt be
thought upon for ſupplies. Whereupon the Lords told him they
would engage their own credits, and the Lord Deputy of Ire-
band, giving the onſet, ſubſcribed for twenty thouſand pounds;
the other Lords had, fome the ſame loyal zeal, and others
the modeſty not to retuſe. The Lords of the Councel did in this
example implicitely give a law to the other Nobles, who gene-
rally conformed moſt cheerfully, faving ſome few whom ſingu-
larity, or ſomewhat more portentous, reſtrained. Nor ſtaid
the project there, but every man muſt be in the mode. All the
Judges, both of the Common and Civil Law, with all the Of-
ficers and appendants of their Courts, were ſent for not to lend,
as they were ſpontaneouſly inclined, but to contribute what
others had aſſeſſed them. But the greateſt non-Recufants, were
the Recufants, who did ftrive with the forwardeſt, as ambitious
to be reputed the Kings moſt loyal Subjects, and ſome Preachers
were ſo bold, and withall ſo in-diſcreet, to ſtyle them ſo; the
truth is, the Queen who could not be but equally concern'd in
the Kings intereſt, finding they both now had all at ſtakes, beſtir'd
herſelf as eagerly with thoſe her correſpondents in religious per-
ſwalion, and imployed Sir Kenelm Digby and Mr. Montagne to
negotiate with the Romiſh Catholiques for a conrribution, who
yeilded it in a proportion agreeable to their abilities.
The King thus buſie in providing againſt the Scots, (who
began

168
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Am. Chriſti began now to be bruited all over England for Rebels) they were
1639.
as induſtrious to form their deportment in ſo ſupple a poſture, as
might de-marque and deface all tokens of ſo horrid an imputa-
tion. They reſorted to the King , humbly craving leave to re-
preſent the ſtate of all their tranſactions to his Majeſty ; the King
ſaid, he was accoſtable by any ſubject he had, and ſure he would
not deny that congeable accefle to an hole Kingdome, which he
was ready to yeeld to any private man: therefore bad them come
Commiflion with confidence of impartial hearing. This anſwere being re-
King from the turned, the Covenanters fent up their Commiſſioners, the Earl of
Covenanters. Dumfermlin,the Lord London, Sir William Dowglas, and Mr. Bark-
ly; theſe being admitted, and their Commiſſion examined, it
was evident, that the two laſt was not named in, nor impowered
by it, and that the other two were only authoriſed to aſſert the
integrity of their actions, without making any real demonſtra-
tion thercof, and had not the lcaſt order to propound ſuch things
as might accommodate the differences, or give the King any
ſatisfaction at all. Yet the King was willing to allow them all
the fair reſpect he in honour could, hoping to gain upon them
by the ſweetnefſe of his carriage, but all would not doe: for at
that very moment of their addreſſes to him, in the ſpecious
mode of fuppliants, their actions ſpake very articulate, very
expreſſe ſomewhat of a quite other ſignification. For many of the
primc Nobility and Gentry of that Nation, who ſtood firm in
their inclinations to they King , the ſecured, that is, impriſoned:
They invited and procured to their ſervice many Commanders
from Holland, who ſtill kept their places there, though ſuch Of-
ficers as betook themſelves to the Kings-imployment, were in-
ſtantly caſheired; they reared works of Fortification in all places
agrecable to their deſignes. But the daring paramount, and
above all others, was their imploring aid from the French King in
a particular addreſſe to him as followeth,
Their Letter
to the King
of France.
SIR,
Your Majeſty being the refuge and Sanctuary
of affli&ted Princes and States, we have found it
neceſſary to ſend this Gentleman Mr. Colvil, to re-
preſent to your Majeſty the Candor and Ingenuitie,
as well of our A&ions and Proceedings, as of our In
tentions, which we defire to be engraved and
written to the whole World, with the beam of the
Sun, as well as to your Majeſty. We therefore moſt
humbly beſeek you Sir to give faith and credit to
him

The Reign of King Charles. 169
him, and to all that he ſhall ſay on our part, touch- Ann. Chriſti
ing us, and our affairs, being moſt aſſured, Sir, of 1639.
an aſſiſtance equall to your wonted clemency here-
tofore, and ſo often ſhew'd to this Nation, which
will not yeeld the glory to any other whatſoever to
be eternally
SIR
Your Majeſties moſt humble,
most obedient, and moſt
affectionate ſervants
Rothes, Montroſe, Leſly, Marr,
Mongomery, Lowdon, Forreſter.
Though this was a Conclave ſecret, communicated to a
very few, and kept under a moſt ſtrict guard, yet did it at
length evade from that cloſe captivity, and was by ſome falſe
Brother diſcovered to the King. His Majeſty having had con-
fultation with thoſe about him concerning the character, it was
at length affured him, that it muſt be the cheirography of the
Lord Lowden, whereupon he was committed to the Tower, and kept
there in cloſe confinement.
Though the Presbyerian party ſtand charged in vulgar ac
count as the principal and moſt notorious authors of theſe troubles,
yet were they not the only men in the conſpiracy, nor muft it
be thought but others were (though inviſibly) acceſſary fomen-
ters of them : For in caſe of general diſturbance, nothing is
more familiar then for ſeveral Factions, of ſeveral , and ſome.
times of contrary inclinations and intereſts, to protrude and drive
on ore and the ſame deſign, to ſeveral intents and purpoſes.
And a foul blemish it would have been to the Mercurialiſts, to
the Society of Feſus, ſhould they have ſate out in a work ſo proper
to their imployment (the incitation of Kingdomes and States to
turbulent commotions) as theſe Scot'ſh broyls. No, (good
men) they ſlept not all this while, but were as diligent in their
machinations as poſſibly they could be, the external glory of
che enterpriſe their ambition did not reach, but they willingly
rendred it up to the Presbyters : hoping in the interim to be
Z
che!

170
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti the greateſt gainers in the product and fruits of their labours.
1639. How far they were of combination in this plot, though in
à more fubtile, ſecret and ſcarce diſcovered way, (their ufual
mode) the enſuing Narrative ſhall fer forth; which I inſert, nor
upon the account of Mr. Prynns faith, who firſt made ir extant,
but becauſe I am further aſſured of the truth of it, by a more
credible perſon, and one of principal relation to Sir William Bof-
well; and becauſe it may ſerve to illuſtrate ſome former paſſages of
this Hiſtory,
A plot of the
The firſt diſcoverer of this Plot was one Andreas ab Habern-
vered again field, a Nobleman of Bohemia, and Phyſician to the Lady Eli-
the King and abeth the Pali graves reli&. This Gentleman by a Confident of
Archbiſhop. his firſt made it known to Sir William Boſwell, and by his means
addreſt himfelf to the Archbiſhop of Canterbury as followeth:
Moſt Illuſtrious and Reverend Lord,
We have willingly and cordially perceived that our
offers have been acceptable both to his Royal Majeſty,
and likewiſe to your Grace. This is the only index
to us, that the bleſſing of God goeth along with you,
whereby we are the more extimulated, chearfully
and freely to declare and diſcover thoſe things,
whereby the hazard of both your lives, the ſubver-
fion of the Realms both of England and Scotland
the tumbling down of his Excellent Majeſty from his
Throne is proje&ed. Now left the diſcourſe ſhould
be enlarged with ſuperfluous circumſtances, we will
only premiſe ſome things which are meerly neceſſary
to the matter,
Firſt, be it known to them, that this good man
the Informer of the enſuing diſcoveries, was born
and bred in the Pontificial Religion, and ſpent ma-
ny years in Ecclefiaftical Fun&ions. At length be-
ing judged a fit perſon for carrying on the pre-
fent deſign, by the advice and command of the Lord
Cardinal Barbarino, he was made co-adjutor to Con,
(che then Popes Nuncio) to whom he appeared fo
diligent, and ſedulous in his office, that hope of
9
great

The Reign of King Charles.
171
1639.
great preferment was given to him; But he guided Ann. Chrifti
by a better inſpiration, was not wun by thoſe ſu-
gar baits, and conſcious to himſelf of the yanities
of that Religion, (whereof he had ſometimes been
a ſtrenuous Defender) having alſo obſerved the
malice of the Romiſh party, found his Conſcience
much oppreſſed; for eaſe whereof he reſorted in
his belief to the Orthodox Religion. And thought
ic his beſt way to reveal a plor, tending to the de-
ſtruction of ſo many innocent ſouls
, conceiving his
minde would better repoſe, ſhould he vent what
he knew into the boſome of ſome confiding friend.
This done, he was ſeriouſly admoniſhed by that
friend, to give manifeſt tokens of his Converſion
and to deliver from imminent danger ſo many inno
cent louls. To this counſel he willingly configned
himſelf, and delivered the ſubſequent matters to
writing, whereby the Articles lately preſented to
your Grace may be clearly explicated and demon-
ſtrated.
1. That the main of the buſineffe may be known,
it is to be conſidered, that all theſe fa&tions which
this day make Chriſtianity reel, have their riſe from
che Jeſuitical off-ſpring of Cham, which branch it ſelf
into four Orders.
The firſt are Eccleſiaſticks; theſe take into care
the promotions of Religious affairs.
The ſecond are Politicians; their office is to take
care for the raiſing of civil combuſtions in and reform-
ing of Kingdomes.
The third are Seculars, who are properly des
ſigned for to intrude into offices of neer relation to
the perſons of Princes, to infinuate themſelves in-
co civil affaires of the Court, as bargains, and
ſales
The fourth are men of a lower orb, Intelligencers
Z z
and

172
Ibe Reign of King Charles.
th the Popes
Ang. Chrifti and fpies; then to creep into the ſervices of eminent
1639.. perſons, Princes, Earls, Barons, or the like, and ende-
vour to pervert or chear them.
A ſociety of ſo many Orders the Kingdome of
England nouriſheth; for ſcarce all Spain, France,
and Italy, can yeeld fo great a multitude of Jeſuites
as London alone, where are found more then fifty
Scotch Jeſuites; there the ſaid Society hath elected
for it ſelf a feat of iniquity, and hath conſpired
againſt the King and his greateſt confidents, eſpeci-
ally againſt the Lord Archbiſhop of Canterbury, and
likewiſe againſt both Kingdomés.
For it is moſt certain, that the ſaid Society hath
reſolved upon an Univerſal Reformation in the
Kingdomes of England and Scotland. And the de-
termination of the end, neceſſarily inferreth a de-
termination of the means.
For promotion therefore of the undertaken villa-
ny,this Society is dubbed with the title of The Congres
gation for the propagation of the Faith, which acknow
ledgeth the Pope of Rome for their Principal, and
Cardinal Barbarino for his Subſtitute and Depucy. |
The chief Patron of this Sociery is the Popes Lee
gate, who hath ſpecial care of the bufinelle ; in-
to his boſome this rabble of Traitors weekly depo-
fite their Intelligences. The Reſidence of this Le-
gation was obtained at London, in the name of the
Pope, by whoſe mediation it might be lawful for
Cardinal Barbariño to work ſo much the more eaſily
and ſafely upon the King and Kingdome, For
none could ſo eaſily circumvent the King as he, who
Seignior Con was at that time the Popes Legare,
the Univerſal Miniſter of that conjured Society, and
a vehement promoter of the plot, whoſe ſecrets, as
likewife thoſe of all other intelligencers,the preſent
Informer

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
173
..
Informer of all theſe things, did receive and diſpatch Am. Chrifti
as che buſineſſe required.
1639.
Con tampered with the chief men of the Kingdom,
and left nothing unattempted by which he might
corrupt them all, and incline them to the Romißh
party: he inticed with many various baits, the very
King himſelf, he ſought to delude with gifts of
Pi&ures, Antiquities, Idols, and fuch like trumpe=
ries, brought from Rome, which yét prevailed nothing
with the King.
Thus familiarly entertained by the King oft at
Hampton-Court, and at London, he was entreated to
undertake the cauſe of the Prince Palatine, that
he would interpoſe his authority, and by intercef-
fion perlwade the Legáte of Colen, that the Palas
tine (in the next Diet for the treating aboue
Peace) might be inſerted into the conditions ;
which he promiſed, but performed the contrary.
He intimated indeed, that he had been foličited
by the King to ſuch an effe&, but did nor adviſe
any ſuch conſent, leſt peradventure the Spaniard
ſhould ſay that the Pope of Rome did patronize an
heretical Prince.
In the interim Con, forelling from the Archbi-
ſhop, (the Kings most Confident that the King
minde was altogether pendulous, and doubtful, res
folved to move every ſtone, and bend all his ſtrength
to gain him to his fide; being confident he had
prepared the means. For he had a command to
make offer of a Cardinals Cap to the Lord Arch
bifbop in the name of the Pope of Rome, and that
he ſhould allure him alſo with higher promiſes, that
he might corrupt his fincere minde. Yet a ficting
occafion was never offered whereby he might in-
finuate himſelf into the Lord Archbiſhop, to
whom free acceffe was to be impetrated by the Earl
and

174
I be Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti and Counteſſe of Arundel, as alío by Secrecary
1639. Windebank, all whole interceſſions he neglected,
and did ſhun ( as it were the Plague) the company
or familiarity of Con. He was alſo folicited by others
of no mean rank, well known to him, and yet he con-
tinued immoveable.
Trial alſo was made of another, Secretary Cook,
who impeded acceſſe to the deteſtable deſign ; an ac-
ter enemy he was to the Jeſuites, whole accefle to the
King he obſtructed. He treated many of them as
they deſerved, he ſearcht into their fa&ions, by
which means every incitement breathing an attra-
đive power to the Romiſ Catholiques was ineffe-
&ual with him ; for nothing was ſo dear to him as
his own innocence: whence being rendred odious
to the conſpirators, he was in perpetual hazard of
loſing his Place, which being laboured for three
years, was at length obtained.
Put for all this the King had left him a knotty
peece, for the Lord Archbiſhop by his conſtancy op-
poled himſelf as an immoveable rock.
Con and his party finding the Lord Archbiſhop ſo
impregnable, and that they laboured in vain, be-
gan to boyl with malice, and to plot how the
Lord Archbiſhop together with the King ſhould be
taken. duo
Sentence alſo is paſſed againſt the King (who was
the main concernment in the Plot) becauſe nothing is
hoped from him which might ſeem to promote the
Popiſh Religion, but eſpecially when he had once
declared himſelf that he was of the minde, that
any good and pious man may be ſaved in his own
Religion.
To aš the Treaſon undertaken, the criminal
execution at Weſtminſter, cauſed by fome Puritani-
cal writing, gave the firſt ſpark; a thing ſo much
exaſperated

Ibe Reign of King Charles.
175
exaſperated and exaggerated by the Papiſts and Pu- Ann Chrifti
ritans, that if it went unrevenged it would be 1639.
thoughe a blemiſh to their Religion, the flames of
which fire the ſubſequent Liturgie encreaſed.
In this heat a certain Scottiſh Earl, one Maxwel,
if I miſtake not, was diſparcht to the Scots by the
Popiſh party, with whom two other Scottiſh Earls
were correſpondents, he was to excite the people
to commotion : He was to raiſe commotions, to
re-inforce the ſenſe of every injury, and to fpur on
the people to rebellion, whereby the great diſtur-
ber of the Scot'ſ liberty might be deſtroy'd.
There by one labour ſnares are laid for the King,
for which purpoſe the affair was ſo ordered ,
that very many Engliſh ſhould adhere to the Scots,
That the King ſhould be inferiour to them in
Armes, whereby he might be inforced to crave aid
from the Papiſts, which yet ſhould be denyed him,
unleffe he would deſcend to conditions, by which
he ſhould permit a general toleration of the Romiſh
Religion, which was the thing the Papiſts did aim
And ſhould he be difficultly brought to ſuch
cearms, there was a remedy hoped for,
For the young Prince (who from his Cradle was
educated in advantage to the Romiſh perſwafion)
growing on faſt in his youthful age, the Kings death
was contrived by an Indian Nut, ſtuffed with a moſt
fierce poylon, kept in the Society, (which Con then
ſhewed me in a boaſting manner ) and prepared for
him, as there was another for his Father.
During the Scot'ſ troubles, the Marqueſs of Ham-
milton was often imployed by the King as Commiſ-
fioner to compoſe diſorders there, and pacifie the
diſcontented party, but returned as often without
fruit. His Chaplain repaired at that time to us,
and had ſecret conference with Cor of whom I
demanded
at.

176 The Reign of King Charles.
Anr. Chriſti demanded in jeſt, Whether allo the Jews agreed with
1639. the Samaritans; To which Con anſwered, I would to
God all Miniſters were like him; you may conje&ure of
this as you pleaſe.
Things ſtanding thus there came to London from
Cardinal Richelieu, Mr. Tboinas Chamberlain his Chap-
lain and Almner, a Scot by Nation, who was to aſ-
fiſt the Colledge of confederacy to advance the bu-
fineſſe, and to attempt all wayes of exalperaring the
firſt hear : for this ſervice a Biſhoprick was pro-
miſed him. Four months ſpace he co-habited with
the Society, nor was he permitted to depart, until
matters ſucceeding as he wilhed, he might return with
good news.
Sir Toby Matthew a Jeſuited Prieſt of the Order of
Politicians, the moſt vigilant of the chief Heads,
(who never went to bed, but got a nap of an hour
or two in a chair) day and night plotted miſchief.
A man principally noxious, and the very Plague
both of King and Kingdome, a man moſt impudent,
hunting all feaſts called or not called, never quiet,
alwayes in a&ion and perpetual motion. Intruding
into the company of all his betters , preſling dif-
courſes whereby to fiſh out mens inclinations;
whatſoever he fuckerh from thence either of ad-
vantage, or noxious to the conſpiracy, he impart-
eth to the Pope's Legate, reſerving the moſt ſecret
intelligence for the Pope himſelf, or the Cardinal
Barbarino. In ſhort, he aſſociates himſelf with any,
not a word can be ſpoken but he layes hold of it,
and accommodates it to his turn. In the interim
all his obſervations he reduceth into a Catalogue,
and every Summer carrieth it to the generall Cons
fiftory of the Jeſuites Politiques, which privately
meet in the Province of Wales , where he is a wel-
come gueſt. There are Councels cloſely hammered
bonos
which

The Reign of King Charles.
177
3
which are fitceſt for the ruining of the Eccleſia-| rinn. Chriſti
ſtique and Politique ſtate of both Kingdomes. 1639.
Captain Read a Scot, dwelling in Long-Acre ſtreet
neer the Angel Tavern, a Secular Jeſuite, who for
his deteſtable ſervice performed in perverting of a
certain Miniſter of the Church, wich ſecret incice-
ments, to the Popiſh Religion, with all his Family
caking his daughter to wife) obtained as a reward
an impoſt upon butter paid by the Countrey peo=
ple, procured for him from the King by ſome chief
men of the Society, who never want a ſpur where-
by he may be conſtantly detained in his office. In his
houſe the whole plot is contrived, where the So-
ciety, wbich hath conſpired againſt the King, the
Lord Archbiſhop, and both Kingdomes, convene :
but on the day of the Poſt's diſpatch they meer in
greater numbers; for then all their informers affem
ble, and confer their notes together; and that they
may be the leſſe ſuſpe&ed, convey all their ſecrets
by Toby Mathew, or Read himſelf to the Popes Le-
gate, who tranſmits the pacquet of Intelligence to
Rome.
With the fame Read are entruſted the Letters
brought from Rome, under forged titles and names,
and by him delivered to whom they belong; for all
their names are known to him.
Upon the fame occafion Letters are alſo brought
over under the covert of Father Philip (though he
be ignorant of the plot) who diſtributech them to the
Conſpirators.
In that very houſe there is a publique Chappel,
wherein an ordinary Jeſuite confecrates, and dwel-
leth. In this Chappel Maſſes are daily faid by
the Jeſuites, and the children of ſome of the
Domeſtiques, and ſome Conſpirators are bap-
tized.
Aa
They

178 The Reign of King Charles.
3
o
Ann. Chriſti
They who meet there come often in Coaches
1639. or a horſeback in Laymens habit, and with a great
train, wherewith they are diſguiſed from notice,
yet are Jeſuites and Members of the Conſpi-
racie
All the Papiſts of England contribute to this Af.
Sembly, left any thing ſhould be wanting to pro.
mote the enterpriſe, upon whoſe treaſury a Wi-
dow owner of the Houſes where now Secretary
Windebank dwelleth, and dead above three years
ſince, conferred forty thouſand pounds, and for the
driving on of the buſineſſe others contribute as they
are able.
21.
Beſides the foreſaid Houſes, there are alſo
other clofe Conventicles kept, but very diſtruſt-
ful of themſelves, left they ſhould be diſcovered
Firſt every of them (one not knowing of the
other) are dire&ed to certain Innes, and thence
led by ſpies to the place of meeting, being other-
wiſe ignorant of the place for feare of ſur
priſe.
The Counteſſe of Arundel, a ftrenuous ſhe-Cham-
pion of the Romiſh Faith, bends all her powers for
this Univerſal Reformation, nothing is done ſecret-
ly, or openly at Court, but ſhe imparts it to the
Legate, with whom ſhe meets thrice a day, ſometimes
at Arundels houfe, now at Court, or at Tarı-
Hall.
do'st
The Earl himſelf being called about three
years ſince, this year muſt goe to Rome, without
doubt to conſult there of matters pertinent to the
defign.
At Greenwich, at the Earls coſt, a feminine
School is erected, which is but a Monaſtery of Nuns ;
for the young Girles therein are ſent forth, hither,
and thither, into forain Monaſteries beyond the Seas
Maſter

The Reign of King Charles.
179
1
Maſter Porter of the Kings Bed-Chamber, inoſt Ann. Chriſti
addided to the Popiſh Religion, is an urter enemy 1639.
of the Kings, revealing all his ſecrets to the Legate
by his Wife; for he rarely meets with him himſelf.
In all his a&tions he is nothing inferiour to Toby Ma-
thew, it is unexpreſſible how diligently he intends
this buſineſſe
His fons are ſecretly principled in the Romiſh Be.
lief, buc open Profeſſors of the Reformed : the el-
deſt is now to receive his Fathers place under the fu-
ture King: A Cardinals hat is provided for the other,
if the plot cakes.
Three years ſince, Mr. Porter was to be ſent
away by the King to Morocco : But was prohi-
bited by the Society, leſt the buſineſſe ſhould ſuffer
delay.
He is a Patron of the Jeſuites, providing Chappels
for them to exerciſe their Religion in, both at home
and abroad.
Secretary Windebank a fierce Papiſt, is the greateſt
Traitor to the King of all. He not only revealeth
the Kings greateſt ſecrets, but alſo communicates
counſels by which the defign may be beſt advanced.
He at leaſt thrice every week converſeth with the
Legate in the No&urnal Conventicles, and reveal-
eth what is fit to be known: to which end he hirech
an houſe neer to the Popes Legate, to whom he of-
ten reſorts through the Garden door; for by this
vicinity the meeting is facilitated. He is bribed
with gifts to be a partner in the Conſpiracy, by
whom he is ſuſtained, that he may more ſedulouſly
attend his charge; His ſon is ſent exprefly to Rome,
on purpoſe to infinuate himſelf into his Holi-
nosaure
neffe.
"Cinco,
bodo bei
Digby and Winter, Knights, Mr. Mountague, who
hath been at Rome
Location :
the Lord Sterlin, a Kinſman
of
A a 2

180
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti of the Earl of Arundel, a Knight, the Countefle of
1639. Nemo-port, the Durcheile of Buckingham, and ma
ny others, who have ſworn to this Conſpiracy,
are all moſt vigilant in the plot : Some are en-
ticed with hope of Court, others of Political Of-
fices; others attend to the ſixteen Cardinals caps
vacant, which are detained, ſo to feed with vain hopes
thoſe who cxped them.
The Prefident of the ſaid Society was the Lord
Gage, a Jeſuited Prieſt, dead ſome three years
fince. He had a Palace adorned with wanton pi-
aures as pretending to profaneneffe, but palliating
thereby a Monaſtery, wherein forty Nunnes were
maintained, concealed in ſo ſpacious a Palace. It
is ficuated in Queens ſtreet. The Jeſuites have
bought all this ftreet, and have reduced it to a
qnadrangle, where a Jeſuitical Colledge is tacitely
built, with this hope, that it might be openly
finiſht aſſoon as the General Reformation was ac-
compliſht.
The Popes Legate uſeth a threefold Chara&er,
one common to all Nuncio's. Another peculiar to
himſelf and Cardinal Barbarino. A third where-
with he covers ſome greater ſecrets to be imparted.
Whatſoever things he receiveth from the Society,
or ſpies, he packeth up in one bundle, with this
addreſſe, To Monſieur Stravio Archdeacon of Cambrai;
from whom they are ſent to Rome.
Theſe particulars confidered, it will be evident
to all,
1. That the Conſpiracy againſt the King and
Lord Archbiſhop is detected, and
the means threatning
ruin to them both is demonſtrated, Soal
2. The imminent dangers to both Kingdomes is
declared.
3. The riſe and progreſſe of the Scoth fire is re-
lated
4. Means

The Reign of King Charles.
181
4. Means are ſuggeſted whereby their troubles Ann. Chriſti
may be appealed; for after the Scots ſhall fee by 1639.
whom,and co what intents their ſpirits are provoked,
they will ſpeedily look to themſelves, neither will
they fuffer the Forces of both Kingdomes to be
ſubdued , leſt a middle party interpoſe, which ſeek
che ruin of both,
5. With what ſword the Kings Throat is aſſault-
ed, even when theſe ſtirs ſhall be ended, Cons confef-
fion and viſible demonftration ſheweth,
6. The place of Aſſembly in Captain Reads houſe
is named.
7. The eight dayes diſpatch by Read, and the
Legate is deſcribed.
8. How the names of the Conſpirators may be
known.
9. Where this hole Congregation may be cir-
cumvented,
10. Some of the principal unfaithful ones of the
Kings party are notified by name; and many, whoſe
names occur not yet, their habitations being known,
their names may be eaſily extorted from Read.
If theſe things be warily proceeded in, the
ſtrength of the hole buſineſſe will be brought to
light, ſo the arrow being foreſeen, the danger ſhall
be avoided, which that it may proſperouſly ſucceed,
the Almighty Creator grant.
3000
They who will diligently compare this Information with what An obje&ion
hath conformably occurred in the preceding part of theſe Annals, anfwered re-
and ſhall withall well conſider the practices both ancient and diſcovery.
modern of theſe pragmaticall ſpirits, will finde cauſe enough to
think there was in it fomewhat more then fiction, and that it
may make ſome impreſſion upon faith, without ſetting it upon
the rack. Only one objection I ſhall rid out of the way, which
may ſeem to diſcredit the truth thereof. And it is this.
The Archbiſhop of Canterbury ſtands aſperſed in common fame,
as a great friend at leaſt, and Patron of the Romih Catholiques,
if he were not of the ſame belief. And it were a policy miſ-be-
coming

182
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti coming ſuch ſubtile
Serpents, caufelesly to plot the death of therr
1639.
To
eminent well-wiſher. To which I anſwer, by conceflion ; True
ic is, he had too much and long favoured thc Romiſh Faction, but as
upon what account it was he favoured them is uncertain, ſo was
it but the Romißh Faction, not the Romiſh Faith he favoured.
He tampered indeed to introduce ſome ceremonies bordering up-
on ſuperſtition, diſuſed by us, and abuſed by them : from whence
the Romanıfts collected ſuch a difpofition in him to their Tenets, as
they began, not only to hope, but in good carneſt to cry him
up
for their Profelyte. Úpon this hypothelis, this ſuppoſition, they
grew exceſſive proud and inſolent, as well they might (know-
ing how grand à Confident and Truſtee he was of the Kings) had
not their perſwafion mifled them; But the Archbiſhop finding that
his tacite reſervedneſfe in point of opinion, and former compli-
ance with the Papiſts, was no longer expedient for his deſignes,
and did begin to create ill-boading jealouſies in another party,
reſolved to ſpeak out, and un-beguilc them both. And firſt in
the year 1637. openly at the Councel Table, he paſſionately com-
plained to the King of their audacious reſort to Denmark houſe,
uſing ſome expreſſions of vehemency more particularly againſt
the haughty deportment of Mr. Walter Mountague, and Sir Toby
Mathew. But that which moſt deſpighted them, was his publiſh-
ing the next year the Relation of his conference with the Fefuite,
Fiſher, wherein he declared himſelf ſo little theirs, as he hath
for ever diſ-abled them from being ſo much their own as they
were before ; it being the exacteft, the maſter pecce of Polemique
Divinity of all extant. Pity it is his thoughts which were in
other affairs a thought too high, had ſo fatal a diverſion from
his ſtudies. But what one is excellent in every thing? Now
the Archbiſhop thus profeſſedly owning the Proteſtant cauſe, and
having ſo potent an influence upon the King , it was no wonder
Vbi Hannibal if he became as formidable to the Romaniſts, as Hannibal was to
eft, ibi caput
the Romans ; (and where Hannibal was, there his enemies judged
the life and foul of the Carthaginiax ſtrength to reſide ) and by
conſequence his deſtruction the main concernment of their in-
tereft. Baranggil
1640. April the 13. the Parliament fate according to preappoint-
ment, when the Earl of Strafford was led into the
by two Noble-men to give them account what feats hc had
wrought in Ireland, having there obtained the grant of four
Subſidies for the maintenance of ten thouſand Foot, and
fifteen hundred Horſe : implicitely hinting agreeable to what
ſcheme England ſhould proportion their ſupplyes. Some few
dayes after a report was made to the Lords, by the Lord
Cottington (who with Secretary Windebank and the Alturnay
General were ſent by the King to the Lord Lowdon to examine
him,
atq; arc hujus
Belli. Liv.
The Parlia-
ment allem-
bled.
upper Houſe

The Reign of King Charles. 183
him, concerning the Letter before mentioned) thar the Lord did Ann. Cbrifti
acknowledge the hand-writing to be his, that it was framed before 1640.
the Pacification at Barwick, and was never ſent to that King, but only
prepared in a readineſſe, ſhould need require, and that it was ſuppreſt
upon that Pacification ; nevertheleſſe it was thought fit he should
continue in the ſame ſtare untill clearer evidence ſhould be given;
either for, or againſt him.
Soon after the the King fent a meſſage to the lower houſe about
fupplies repreſenting to them the intolerable indignities and ip-
juries wherewith the Scots had treated him, and witball declared to
them, that if they would affiſt him ſurable to the exigency of his
lad occafion, he would for ever quit his claime of Ship-mony, and
into the bargain give them full content in all their juft demands. But
they reply'd they expected firſt ſecurity from his Majeſty in theſe
three particulars. Firft, for clearing the Subjects property Second-
ly, for eſtablifhment of Religion ; Thirdly, for the priviledge of
Parliament. Many conferences there were had between the Lords
and Commons about this old conteſt which ſhould precede, the
Kings fupply,or the Subjeéts grievances. The Lords after a ftong
diviſion among themſelves at length voted for the King, and the
Commons for the Subjects. But it was not long before this unhappy
difference was moſt unhappily decided. For Secretary Vane who
was imploy'd to declare the particulars of the Kings deſires, requi-
red twelve Subſidies, whereas twas faid, his exprefle order was for
only fix. Some there are ſuſpect this miſtake to have been not in-
voluntary but induftrious in him; but leaving that indetermined,
che Houſe of Commons was raiſed by this Propoſition to ſuch
animoſity, as the King adviſing with his Functo, their compliance
was repreſented to him
ſo deſperac, as May the s. he ordered the
Diffolution of the Parliament.
Thus expired this ſhort-lived, or rather thus ended this ſtil-born
Parliament'; a Parliament I know not whether more unfortunate, in
beginning to late, or ending ſo ſoon, A Parliament which had
power, and probably will enough to impede the torrent of the
late civil War: for the breaches between the King and People
were grown ſo high, as one might already diſcern all the lineamenrs
of an inſurrection in Embryo, but the head, whoſe Abortion nothing
could cauſc but an happy union in Parliament, a thing not very dif-
ficult, much lefle impoſſible at this time. Had the King yeelded to a
detrenching fome luxuriances of his Prerogative, to the redu-
cing Epiſcopacy to its primitive inſtitution, that is to the frame by
Divine Right (a roat which had not ſap crough to maintain ſo
ſpreading and flouriſhing a top as was contended for) to a more fre-
quent and ſociable communication of Councels with the grand Re-
preſentative, in ſhort to ſuch fluent and ſpontancous conceffions, as
eing reſolved upon too late, were (in reference to his perſonal
ſafety)

184
The Reign of King Charles.
Am Chrifti fafety) loft and thrown away in the enſuing Parliament, in all like-
1640.
lihood he had much quiered the diſtempers of his ſubjects, mucila
calı'd their animofities, why not totally gained their affections?
and in order to all this his Majeſty had now already modelled all
his paſſions, all his inclinations. And as the King was diſpoſed
towards this bleſſed conjunction, ſo was there not ſo intenſe an op-
poſition to the Kings fatisfaction in the mind of the generality of the
members of this Parliament, as was like to obſtruct it. So that to
counſelthe diffolution of an Affcmbly lo importing to the Kings
and Kingdoms welfare muſt be the advice of men who underttood
not ſo well as they meant, whereof many laid the blame upon the
Archbiſhop of Canterbury, a learned, pious and morally a good man,
but too full of fire. As affaires of the Church then ſtood, Biſhops
might in reference to Ecclefiaftical concernments be ſervice-
able aſſeſſors in Privy Councel, but in civil matters perhaps it had
been better, had they been leffe active, according to the example of
this Archbishops predeceſſor, penultime, and laſt but one Arch-
bihop Whitgifi, who being a Privy Counſellor, it was his conſtan,
mode to attend the Table early in the morning, and after the uſual
apprecation of a good morrow to the Lords, he alwayes requeſted
to know if there were any Church buſineſſe to be debared that
forenoon ; if the anſwer returned was, yea, he ſtayed; it negative, he
craved leave to be diſpenſed withall, ſaying, Then my Lords there's
no peed of me, and ſo departed. A moſt laudable and prudentiall
practiſc.
This convention was not more unhappily diſſolved then another
was continued, that is, as a witty Gentleman ſaid well, A new Synod
made of an old Convocation, which by now Commiſſion from the
King, were impowered to fit ftill: the impulſives to it are caſily col-
lected from whar reſulted from it.
The Scotiſh fires had already in that Kingdome conſumed and
burnt up to nothing Epiſcopacy both root and branch, and juſt cauſe
there was to fear the like proceedings here in England, where many
began pot only to ſit upon the Biſhops skirts, that is, to controvert
the motes and bounds of their authority, but to claim a co-parcenery,
and equall ſhare in the main poffeffion, afferting, in good carneft
,
that though the Biſhops had long Lorded over them through tem•
poral indulgence, yer in the ſacred Dialect they were as good men
as themſelves, Biſhops and Presbyters in Scripture phraſe being of
equivalent import, and denoted the ſelf fame perſons, without the
leaſt diſtinction, they whom Holy Text cals Bifhops, having an
Identity, a ſame-nefíc of Name, of Ordination, of Office, of all
qualifications neceſſary to that office, with Presbyters. The Prelates
finding their dear Palladium ſo deeply concerned, and heaved at, were
as cager to conſerve it, the Preſſe ſwarmed with Books ſetting forth
the Right upon which Epiſcopacy was founded, but alladvantaged
them
The Convoca.
tion fitteth.

Tbe Reign of King Charles. 185
chem licile, for ſuch a prejudice there was againſt them, and the Ann. Chriſti
Truth contended for lay then ſo deep, as few had perfpicacity e 1640.
nough to diſcern it, ſo it did them little fervice,therefore the Biſhops
obſerving theſe levelling principles growing into ſuch requeſt took
meaſure from their profeſt adverſaries the generall Aſſembly of
Scotland, with whom they fo interfered. For as that Affembly ha-
ving formed a Covenant for the deſtruction of Epiſcopacy,
ſeverely urged ſubſcription to it: ſo did this Synod for the fupport
of their Hierarchy frame as an Anti-covenant this Oath following.
i A. B. do ſwear, That I do approve the Do&trine and They impoſe a
Diſcipline of Government eſtabliſhed in the Church of new Oachi
England as containing all things neceſſary to ſalvation.
And shat I will not endevour by myſelf or any other, di.
reElly or indire&ily, to bring in any Popiſ Do&trine con-
trary to that which is ſo eſtabliſhed. Nor will I ever
give my conſent to alter the Government of this Church
by Archbiſhops, Biſhops , Deans and Arch-Deacons,
&c. as it fands now eſtabliſhed, and as by right it
ought to ſtand, nor yet ever to ſubject it to the uſurpa.
ons and ſuperſtitions of the Sea of Rome. And all theſe
things i do plainly and fincerely acknowledge and ſwear
according to the plain and common ſenſe and underſtand-
ing of the ſame words, without any equivocation or mentall
evaſion, or ſecret reſervation what foever. And this I do
beartily, willingly, and truly upon the Faith of a Chrifti.
an. So help me God in Jeſus Chriſt
.
bon color
Many things were exceedingly blamed in the contrivance of
this Oaths
0123
Firſt, thar ſeeing a clear notion of the thing ſworne to
(which the Prophet Feremy comprehendeth under the word
Fudgement ) is a' neceſſary qualification to the legality of an Oath,
this ca] was of ſo myſterious import as the very Impoſers,
much leffc the Jurours, were not able to decypher what it
ba Secondly, ſome things were exprefly to be ſworn to, which
were never thought to have any ſhew or colour of facred Right,
but were conceived arbitrary, and at the diſpoſition of the State,
and to exact an Oath of diffent from civil eſtabliſhments in fach
things of indifferency, was an affront to the very fundamentals of
Government. Odmiamos OPEL Om satu
110D
B'b
Laſtly,
meantor

186
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
cency thereof.
Great Benevo-
lence to the
King,
Ann. Chrifti Laſtly, becauſe the Juror therein declared he ſware willingly,
1640.
to which he was conſtrained under the higheſt penalties, that is, as
that noble Lord ſaid, Under the loſe of both Heaven and Earth, of
Heaven, by excommunication, and of Earth, by deprivation.
Again, they ran parallel with the Covenanters in another conſti-
tution, for as the Scots condemned the Arminian tenets without de-
fining what thoſe Tenets were, which King Charles noted as a
Itrange proceeding in them, ſo did theſe the Socinians nor declaring
wherein
they were culpable.
There was alſo framed by this Synod a Canon wherein the ſitu-
ation of the Communion Table ſhould be at the Eaſt end fevered
pode with Railes to preſerve it from profanation, and for permitting
the practice or omiſſion of bowing towards the Eaſt as men never
perſwaded within themſelves, concerning the lawfulneſſe and de-
And that his Majeſties ratification of theſe Rules might as well
be thought an act of gratitude as grace, they granted him a moſt
ample Benevolence of four ſhillings in the pound aſſeft upon all the
Clergy for ſix years towards his expedition againſt the Scots,
which was beheld as an act of very high preſumption and an uſurpa-
tion upon the preeminence of Parliament; no Convocation having
power to grant any Subſidies, or aid without confirmation from the
Lay-Senate.
This Synod ended May the 29. and the firſt offender who be-
came obnoxious to the animadverſion of their new Law, was one
of its late members, Godfrey Goodman Biſhop of Gloceſter, who
refuſed ſubſcription to the Canons, and was thereupon ſuſpen-
ded. This Biſhop had been long ſuſpected as addicted to the
Romiſh belief.
The Scots having ſped ſo well in their adventures againſt
Soveraignty, England began now to be bewitched with their
Principles, and to learn their Diſcipline of daring. Liberty is ſo
ſweet are of a
of a temper too ſober not to attempt it, eſpe-
cially when ſucceffe hath opened the advenues of atchievement,
and rendered it ſeemingly attainable. Nor did we derive from
them only the rudiments, but the method allo of revolt. Our
firſt probationary tumult commencing in a rude aſſault upon this
Archbiſhop, as theirs upon the Archbiſhop of St. Andrews. Spe
cious pretences they wanted not to honeſt, to juſtific che en-
terprize. That Parliament from which the holc Kingdomc ex-
pected a Reformation of all enormities both in Church and
Common-wealth, a total diffipation of all foggic jealouſies be-
tween the King and People, an accommodation of all differ-
ences between England and Scotlands that Parliament had an im-
mature, miſerable, deplorable diffolution, and who bare the odium
of that unfortunate adviſe comparably to Canterbury ? Upon this
ſcore

The Reign of King Charles.
187
beler by pien-
rices,
ſcore a Paper was poſted upon the old Exchange, May the 9. Ann. Chriſti
Exhorting Prentices to riſe and ſack his House at Lambeth ihe Mun- 1640.
day following ; whereof the Archbiſhop having notice, prepared
for his defences and it was well he did ſo, for the Munday fol. The Archbi-
lowing, in the dead of night, about five hundred beſet his hops Palace
Palace, and made many attempts to force an entrance, but all in
vain, ſuch proviſion had the Archbiſhop made for his ſecurity, but
though he eſcaped the violence of their hands, yer did he not
the virulence of their tongues, which did moſt impeçuouſly rage
againſt him, now with menaces, now with imprecations. The
r.ext day many of theſe riotous delinquents upon narrow inquiry
were apprehended, and impriſoned in the white-lion, but within
three dayes after ſome of their either complices, or adherents
came in the day time, brake open the Priſon, and enlarged them.
Neverthelefle one of their Captains was re-taken, condemned
at S 0141hwaike, and May the 21. for example ſake, hanged and
quartered.
The Parliament being blown away without affording any
thing in nature of ſupply to the Kings wants, all the wheeles
of the Prerogative are put into motion to carry on the War:
Fiift, the City of London were invited to a Loan, then all
Knights and Gentlemen who held Lands in Capite of the King
were ſummoned to ſend men, horſes, and Armes agreeable to their
abilities.
The City was fullen, would not give down their milk, and
pleaded want of Trade and poverty: a very poor plea as her con-
dition then ſtood, for how could want flow in upon a Nation
from a Peace of forty years duration? And where Kingdomes
thrive, the Mother Cities, which uſually graſp and gripe all
they can from the body, will be ſure to ſecure themſelves againſt
neceſſity. No, ſhe was luxuriant in wealth never more and
pampered with caſe, ſo as her high repletion brought her into a
Cachexy, an ill habit of body, this ſet her on longing and luſting
after ſtrange gods. She began now to be diſciplined by Pres-
byterian emiffaries, and reſolved to faſhion herſelf to the Scot'fh
deſignes. Again, the Prerogative had lately, as ſhe thought ,
treated her ſomewhat roughly. Her Plantation of London-Derry
in Ireland, was for ſome allcadged miſdemeanours, not long be-
fore queſtioned in the Star-chamber, and there declared forfeited
to the King, and fines impoſed upon the Planters; This was of
no pleaſing re-ſentment, and operated not a litde towards their
denyal,
But the Gentry for the generality exhibited inclinations more
prompt, and afforded their help to relieve the King. By this and
other fore-mentioned aids the Royal Army began to Rendevous,
wbereof the Earl of Northumberland was appointed Generalißimo,
and
2
lentment
, and op
Bb 2

188
The Reign of King Charles.
The engage
barn.
Ann. Ch isti and the Earl of Strafford Lieutenant General , but the firſt fell pre-
1640.
ſently into a great ſickneſſe, ſo as his conduct was diſpenſed with-
all
, and the ſecond was not of ſo perfect health as to undertake the
chief command; whereby, the King reſolved to affume it himſelf,
and having ſtaid the Queens fafe delivery of her ſon Henry in
The King
Fuly
, Auguſt the 20. he ſet forward towards the North, his Army
essant having preceded him many dayes before, being informed that the
Scots were entred England; but he made nor ſuch haft thither, but
The Scots en before he could come to ſee it verified, he heard it in the fad effects
ter England.
thereof. For having reached as far as Northallerton towards New-
caſtle, he was welcomed thither by the Lord Conway with the un-
welcome news of a great defeat, his Army had received that day
being Aug. 28. at Newburn upon Tine, the ſubſtance of which action
was as followeth.
Auguft the 27. the Lord Conway then Commander in chief,
ment at New had drawn all his Cavallery, being about twelve hundred Horſe,
and about three thouſand Foot, to ſecure the paſſe upon the River
of Tine neer Newburn, the Foot he had lodged behinde a breaſt-
work, thereby to infeſt the Enemy in their paſſage. That night
Lord Generall Lelly came to the other ſide of the River,and before
morning had planted nine peeces of Ordnance, having blinded them
with buihes from the Engliſh obſervation. The next morning he
fent to the Lord Cosway, deliring his leave to paffe towards his Ma-
jeſty with their Petition, the Lord anſwered that he would permit
a few, but not an Army to paſſe; whereupon Leſly commanded
thrce hundred Horſe to advance into the River, whom the
Muſqueteers from behind the Breſt-works fo galled, as they
werc enforced to retire, which Lelly perceiving, played upon
The Engliſh that blinde with his Canon ſo furiouſly, as made them abandon
their poſt, caſt away their Aimes and Ay : then the Scot'ſh Ca-
vallery re-advanced, who were (gallantly charged by Mr. Wil-
mot Commiſſary General of the Horſe, but they were ſo annoy.
ed with the Scot'ſh Canon, and withall fo over-numbred, all the
burden of the encounter being born by the Gentlemen, as they
were compelled to retire in diſorder. In this hoſtile aggreſ.
fion the Engliſh received far the greater lofſe, three hundred
being ſlain and taken. The Lord Conway perceiving the
Cavallery thus routed, and the Infantry run all away, hafted
his retreat to the King, and for the ſamç reaſon Sir Facob
New-caſtle de. Alleythen Governour of New-castle, deſerted it, having
firſt funk the Ordinance in the River, being well affured it
was not tenable,, as having nothing in it tending to Fortifi
19119
9.
The Engliſh Army retreating now from New-castle,
taken into the command of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who
brought up the Rear, and being come back to Tork, where the
King
routed.
ſerted.
çation.
118
was

The Reign of King Charles. 189
miſchance at
King then was, he charged the principal miſcarriage of the acti- Ann. Chrift
on upon the Lord Conway, who with as ſtout an animoſity vindi- 1640.
cated his own reputation.
Though the Covenanters proſpered in England, yer an odd The Earl of
accident in Scotland diſcoloured their affairs into a melancho- Haddingtons
lick complexion. For General Lefly having left fome peeces Dunje
.
of Canon at Dunje, which he thought more then neceſſary
for his ſervice; the Garriſon of Barwick iſſued out to fetch
them froin Dunſe, and poſſeft themſelves of them; upon
this an Alarm was given to the Earl of Haddington, then
commanding in Louthion and the Merſe. The Earl with two
thouſand Horſe and Foot perſues the Engliſh, and after a ſhort
skirmiſh reſcued the Canon, which he carryed to Dungbaffe.
And being there at Dinner the next day with about fourteen
or fifteen Knights and Gentlemen of note and neer alliance to
him, very frolique and merry, in a moment the Magazine
of powder which was in a Vault under the room where they
dined, took fire and blew up himſelf with all his gueſts.
Whether this was an accident or ſome induftrious plot, was not
known.
September the Lords Mandevil and Edward Howard, delivered a petition prea
to the King at York this Petition.
King by the
ſented to the
Lords.
Tothe Kings moft Excellent Majeſty.
The humble Petition of your Majeſties moſt loyal
and moſt obedient Subje&s, whoſe names are
under written in behalf of themſelves and di
vers others.
Moſt Gratious Soveraign,
The zeal of that duty, and fervice, which we
owe to your Sacred Majeſty, and our earneſt affe-
aion to the good and welfare of this your Realm
of England, have moved us , in all humility, to
beſeek your Royal Majeſty, to give us leave to
offer to your Princely wiſdome, the apprehenfion,
which we and others your faithful Subje&s have
conceived, of the great diſtempers and dangers
now threatning the Church and State, and your
Royal

190 The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti Royal Perſon, and of the fitteſt means by which they
1640.
may be removed and prevented.
The evils and dangers whereof your Majeſty may
be pleaſed to take notice, are theſe.
1. That your Majeſties Sacred Perſon is expo-
fed to hazárd, and danger in the preſent expedi-
tion againſt the Scottiſh Army; and by occafion of
this War your Majeſties revenue is much waſted,
your Subje&s burthened with Coat and condu&
Money, billetting of Souldiers, and other Milie
tary charges, and divers rapines and diſorders com
mitted in ſeveral parts of this your Realm, by the
Souldiers raiſed for that ſervice, and your hole
Kingdome become full of fears and diſcontents.
102. The fundry innovations in matters of Reli-
gion, the Oath and Canons lately impoſed upon
the Clergie, and other your Majeſties Subje&s.
3. The great encreaſe of Poperie, and the em
ploying of Popiſh Recufants, and others ill-affe-
åed to the Religion, by laws eſtabliſhed, in places
of power and truſt , eſpecially in commanding of
Men, and Armes, both in the Field, and ſundry
Counties of this your Realm, whereas by law they
are not permitted to have any Armes in their own
houſes.
4. The great miſchiefs which may
fall
upon
this Kingdome, if the intentions which have been
credibly reported of bringing in Iriſh and forain
Forces, ſhould take effe&.
5. The urging of ſhip-money, and proſecution
of fome Sheriffs in the Star.chamber for not levy.
ing of it.
6. The heavy charge upon Merchandiſe, to the
diſcouragement of Trade, the multitude of Mono
polies, and other Patents, whereby the Commodi
ties and Manufa&ures of the Kingdome are much
burthened

The Reign of King Charles.
191
burthened, to the great and univerſal grievance of Ann. Chriſti
your People.
1640.
7. The great grief of your Subje&s, by long in m
termiſſion of Parliaments, and the late and former
diſſolving of ſuch, as have been called, without the
happy effe&s which otherwiſe they might have
pro-
duced.
For remedie whereof, and prevention of the
dangers that may ariſe to your Royal Perſon, and to
the hole State ; they doe in all humilitie and faith.
fulneſſe beleek your moft Excellent Majeſty, that
you would be pleaſed to fummon a Parliament with-
in ſome convenient time, whereby the cauſes of
theſe, and other great grievances which your People
lie under, may be taken away, and the Authors and
Counſellors of them may be there brought to ſuch
legal trial, and condign puniſhment, as the nature of
their ſeveral offences ſhall require. And that the
preſent War may be compoſed by your Majeſties
wiſdome without bloud, in ſuch manner as may
conduce to the Honor and ſafetie of your Majeſties
Perſon, the comfort of your People, and the uniting of
both your Realms againſt the common Enemie of
the Reformed Religion. And your Majeſties Peti.
tioners ſhall ever pray,&c. Tots
di
hweh
Concluded the 28. of
baybauskadi 10
Auguſt, 1640, och bez traga i bit
Francis Bedford - William Hartford
Robert Eſſex
Warwick
Mulgrave
Bullingbrook
We Seal:
Say & Sealskolen Mandevil
Edward Howard d m Brook
Dub2': To Wo Soon
Paget.
cannabis ipari biaya oli
vis) on Alibabilna omara
i hava eitt namnbanoo.
The
13
can
NOT OD

192
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti o VOTE
1640.
The Kings Anſwer.
و
Before the receipt of your Petition, bis
Majeſty well fore-Saw the danger that threatens
bimſelf and Crown; and therefore reſolved the
24. of this monetb to ſummon all the Peers,
and with them to conſult , what in this caſe
is fitteſt to be done, for his own Honor, and
Safety of the Kingdome, where they with the
reſt may offer any thing that may conduce to
theſe ends.com
oppreſſions in
Northum-
berland.
According to this reſolution, the Lord Keeper had directions
from the King to iſſue out writs of Summons for their appear-
ance at Tork on the 24. day of September, which he punctually
perſued.
Soon after the preſenting of this Petition from the Lords,
came another from the Scots, the ſubſtance whereof was a de-
fire, that his Majeſty would call a Parliament, for ferling a firm
peace between the two Nations.
To this Petition the King reply'd, with ſignification of what
he had ordered before in reference to the welfare of himſelf and
both Kingdomes.
And it was high time for an accommodation to be effected,
The Scots for Leſly now began to rant it in New-caſtle, and the parts ad-
jacent, as Brennus did at Rome, with a Ve vietis : hệ im-
poſed a tax of three hundred and fifty pounds per diem upon
the Biſhoprick of Durham, and three hundred pound upon
Northumberland, upon pain of plundering, and yet permitted
ſouldiers to rifle houſes, break up ſhops, and act what inſolencies
they pleaſed, feiſed upon four great Englifb ſhips laden with corn,as
lawful Prize, they not knowing in whoſe poſſeſſion the Town was,
till they enerсd the Haven.
The first day of the Lords aſſembling at York, it was re-
A treaty
ſolved that a Parliament ſhould be ſummoned to conyene No-
vember the 3. Then a meſſage was ſent to the Scots, deſiring a
ſpeedy Treaty at Tork. The Scots reply'd they held that no place
of ſecurity for their Commiſſioners conſidering that he (the Lieu-
tenant of Ireland) who commanded bis Majeſties Army, was one
who
be -
tween the
En-
gliſh and
Scotch.

The Reign of King Charles.
193
as
who had proclaimed them Traitors in Ireland, before the King Am. Chrifti
had donc the fame in England, and who had threatned to de- 1640.
ſtroy their Nation both root and branch. And againſt whom,
a chief Incendiary of the late troubles, they intended to complain.
Hereupon it was concluded that thc Treaty ſhould be held at Rip-
pon. The place being agreed upon the next ſtage of reſolutions
was to the nomination of perſons thought fit to treat, which be-
ing determined, and affented to on both ſides, and the Commiffioners
met to fall upon conſultation, the Scots took exceptions at the Earl
of Traquairs being preſent at their debates, he being not nomina-
ted either by the King or Parliament of Scotland as a Commiffi-
oner ; whereof the King being advertiſed, and adviſing with his
Counſel, this anſwer reſulted from them, That though the Earl
was not authoriſed to treat as a Commiſſioner, nor to Vote in the de-
bates ; yet was it very reaſonable he should be preſent, in regard
all things which require debate, as the Laws and Cuſtomes of the
Kingdom of Scotland, and all Paſſages of the Aſſembly and Parlia-
ment (to which the Engliſh Commiſſioners are ſtrangers) are beſt
known to bim. This anſwer being returned, the Scots ſuperſeded
from further oppoſition in that ſubject, ſo that the Commiſioners
fell directly upon their imployment.
The first thing propounded by the Engliſh, was a Ceſſation of
Arms : but the Scots Taid many other things were to be of anteriour
confideration. As their affairs ſtood, antill they had obtained what
they came for, home they muſt not return;& forward they durft not
advance, his Majeſty having commanded the contrary, ſo that there
was an urgent neceflity of their continuing their preſent quarters,
which they were unable to do,unleſſeſome way were ſtated for their
ſubſiſtence : Again, ſome particulars were to be predetermined
of neceſſary relation to the Treaty; therefore Oétober the 2.
they preſented the Engliſh Lords with theſe ſubſequent De-
mands.
« 1. We deſire your Lordſhips to take into your conſiderations, The Scors de-
“ how our Army ſhall be maintained until the Treaty be ended,
" and our peace ſecured.
2. If a greater number of Commiffioners be required, that
a convoy be grantcd for their ſafe arrival.
3. A ſafe convoy for all letters from us to the Parliament,
" and from them to us.
4 That for the benefit of both Kingdomes, there may be a
frçe commerce; and that the common trade of New-caſtle be not
« hindered,but eſpecially for victuals.
The firſt of theſe demands ſeemed very harſh to the Engliſh,
who thought it moſt unreaſonable to maintain the Scotts at ſuch á
time when the Kings Army was in more diftreffe : but the ſword
oft gives law to reaſon ; ſo when accoſted by ſturdy beggers, our
Сс
fear
mands.
CC

194
The Reign of King Charles.
Am. Chrifti fear is more liberal then our charity, and to deny the Scots any
1640. thing, conſidering their armed poſture
, was interpreted the way to
give them all, upon which apprehenſion our Commiſſioners ap-
plyed themſelves very fedulouſly to ſuch reſults, as did both
comply with their demands and were ſerviceable to the eafe and
quiet of the oppreſſed Countries; theſe were formed into thirteen
Articles and agreed upon the 16. of O&tober.
Theſe previous obſtructions being thus removed, the Commiſ-
fioners next proceeded to the Treaty of Ceffation, which after ſc.
veral debates produced, o&ob. 26. theſe enſuing Articles and were
after figned by his Majeſty.
1. That there be a Ceſſation of Armes, both by Sea and
Land, from this preſent. do
2. That all acts of hoſtility doe henceforth ceaſe.
3. That both parties ſhall peaceably return, during the
Treaty, whatſoever they poffeffe at the time of the cella-
tion.
4. That all ſuch perſons who lived in any of his Majeſties
Forts beyond the River of Tees, ſhall not exempt their lands which
lye within the Counties of Northumberland and the Biſhoprick,
from ſuch contributions, as ſhall be laid upon them for the payment
of eight hundred and fifty pounds per diem.
5. That none of the Kings Forces upon the other ſide of
Tets, fhall give any impediment to ſuch contributions, as are
already allowed for the competency of the Scotch Army, and
ſhall fetch no victuals, nor forrage out of their bounds, ex-
cept that which the Inhabitants and owners thercof thall bring
voluntarily unto them, and that any reſtraints or detention of
Victuals, Cattle, or Forrage which ſhall be made by the Scots
within thoſe bounds for their maintenance, ſhall be no breach.
6. That no recrute ſhall be brought into cither Armies, from
the time of ceffation, and during the Treaty.
17. That the contribution of eight hundred and fifty pounds
per diem, ſhall be only raiſed out of the Counties of Northum-
berland, Biſhoprick, Town of New-caftle, Cumberland, and West-
merland : and that the not payment thereof, ſhall be no brcach
of the Treaty, but the Countries and Towns fhall be left to
the Scots power to raiſe the fame, but not to exceed the ſum agreed
upon, unleffe it be for charges of driving, to be ſet by a priſer of
the forrage. 2dood
ON 8. That the River of Tees ſhall be the bounds of both Ar-
mies, (excepting alwayes the Town and Caftle of Stockton, and
the Village of Egyflif) - and the Countries of Northumberland
and Biſhoprick be the limits, within which the Scot'ſh Army is
to reſide, having liberty for them to ſend ſuch convoyes as fhall be
neceſſary for the gathering up only of the contribution, which
Thall
a

The Reign of King Charles.
195
ſhall be unpaid by the Counties of Northumberland and Cum Ann. Chriſti
berland.
1640.
9. That if any perſon commit any private inſolence, ir
ſhall be no breach of our Treaty, if, upon complaint made by
either parties, reparation and puniſhment be granted.
10. If vićtuals be deſired upon the price which ſhall be agreed
upon, and ready, money offered for the ſame, and refuſed, it
ſhall be no breach of the Ceſlation to take fạch victuals paying
ſuch prices.
11. No new fortifications to be made, during the Treaty,
againſt either parties.
12. That the Subjects of both Kingdomes may in their Trade
of commerce freely paſſe to and fro, without any ſtay at all,
but it is particularly provided, that no member of either Army,
pafle without a formal Paſſe, under the hands of the General, or
of him that commands in chief.
This Treaty at Rippon was but the Purafceue, the preparation
to another of higher import, for the time being far ſpent and the
Scots chief demands to be conſidered of, the Lords by con-
ſent of the Scots became humble furors to his Majeſty, that the
general Treaty ſhould be tranſferred to London , to which the
King agreed. Hoftility being thus ſopited, thus laid to ſleep, be-
tween us and Scotland, the King and Lords poſted to London,
One thing very remarkable may here have a commodious fitua- The Earl of
tion. Fames Earl of Montroſe having long and faithfully adhered to Montrole de-
the Covenanters, began at length as he thought to ſmell out the ran-
cidity, and ill favour of their intentions, and that they really
minded nothing leffe then what they fo folemnly profeffed , The
Honour of his Majesty, and preſervation of Religion; no ſooner
did this apprehenſion ſeiſe upon him, then he meditated dif-en-
gagement, but finding the work would require his beſt artifice,
he difſembled his intent a good while, ſeemed as active as be-
fore, was the firſt man of that Army, who in this laſt expediti-
on ſet foot on Engliſh ground; thus ſtudying to appear faithful
and forward in petty things; that when time ſerved, he might
betray them to better purpoſe; but the Scots marching over the
Tine lefſe diſturbed then he cxpected, he was much diſappointed,
of chat opportunity he ſo longingly attended, yet kept the fame
loyal inclinations toward the King, which taking advantage of the
Treaty, he found means to notifie to his Majefy by letters, where:
in he profeſſed his fidelity and moſt ready obedience to him;
theſe letters were by ſome of the Kings Bedchamber-men, the ſup- The Kings
poſed inſtruments of Hamilton, ſecretly taken out of his Majeſtics poçkets rifled.
pocketin the night,copyed out and communicated to the Covenan-
fers at New-caſtle, who concealing their information, did not with-
all conccal their malignity againſt the Earl, but laboured all they
could
clines fromche
Covenangers.
Сс 2

196
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
could to render him odious to the people, and thereby unſervice-
1640.
able to his Majeſty. This rifling of his Majeſties pockets
(worſe then of his Coffers) was not the firſt experiment made up-
on him in that kinde, but of too familiar practiſe, to the betray-
ing of his moſt fecret Councels, ſo that the Archbiſhop of Can-
terbury writing to the King concerning the plot againſt him dif-
covered by Andreas ab Habernfield puts in this caution, concern-
ing thoſe letters. Sir I beſeech you truſt not your own Pockets with
them. Tacitely hinting what Legerdemain had been formerly
exerciſed apon the Kings Pockers.
The Parliament was approaching, whoſe convening was atten-
ded by this Kingdome with ſo much longing, fuch impa-
tience of defires, as every moment which retarded it was
interpreted a kinde of grievance to the fubjc&t: for we began
now to think nothing could make us happy but a Parliament,
and that no Parliament could make us miſerable : this was the
ſenſe of the greater part of this Nation, and if this Parliament
ſucceeded not adequate to ſome mens vote, perhaps the miſcar-
riage of their hopes may be ſomewhar imputed to this ſenſe.
Over-raling Providence delights oft to order the operations of
Agents, both free and natural, counter to mans expectation;
teach us the vanity of that Faith, which is founded upon cauſes
ſubalrern.
The Parlia Tueſday November the 3. being the day prefixt, and the Parlia-
ment fitment aſſembled, his Majeity ſpake.
to
The Kings
ſpeech.
C
C
My Lords,
The knowledge that I have of the Scottiſh
Subjects, was the cauſe of my calling of the
"laſt Aſſembly of Parliament, wherein if I had
been believed, I do moſt ſincerely think that
things had not faln as we now fee; but it is no
wonder that men are ſo flow to believe that
fo great a fedition ſhould be raiſed upon fo
"little ground. But now (my Lords and
Gentlemen ) the honour and ſafety of this
Kingdome lying ſo heavily at ſtake, I am
reſolved to put my ſelf freely upon the love
6 and
C

The Reign of King Charles.
197
Ann, Chriſti
1640.
6
you, I am
C
and affe&tions of my Engliſh Snbje&s, as
thoſe of my Lords that waited on me at
'Tork very well remember I there declared.
Therefore (my Lords) I ſhall not mention
mine own intereſt, or that ſupport I might
juſtly expect from you till the common ſafe-
éty be ſecured: though I muſt tell you,
‘not aſhamed to ſay, thoſe charges I have been
‘at, have been meerly for the ſecuring and
* good of this Kingdome; though the ſucceſſe
hath not been anſwerable to my deſires.
“Therefore I ſhall only deſire you to conſider
* the beſt way both for the ſafety and ſecurity
of this Kingdome, wherein there are two
things chiefly conſiderable. Firſt, the cha-
fing out of the Rebels. And ſecondly, that
other, in ſatisfying your juft grievances,
wherein I ſhall promiſe you to concurſo
heartily and clearly with you, that all the
world may fee my intentions have ever been,
and ſhall be to make this a glorious and flou-
riſhing Kingdom. There are only two things
more that I ſhall mention to you. The one
“is to tell you that the Loan of mony which I
lately had from the City of London, wherein
the Lords who waited on me at Tork affiſted
me, will only maintain my Army for two
months from the beginning of that time it
was granted. Now (my Lords and Gen-
tlemen)
C

198
The Reign of King Charles.
c
C
C
Anno Chrifti tlemen) I leave it to your confideration,what
1640.
diſhonour and miſchief it might be, in caſe
'for want of money my Army be disbanded,
"before the Rebels be put out of this King-
dome. Secondly, the ſecuring of the cala-
‘mities the Northern people endure at this
time, and ſo long as the Treaty is on foot.
And in this I may ſay not only they, but all
this Kingdom will ſuffer the harm, therefore
"I leave this alſo to your conſideration. For
the ordering of the great affairs whereof you
are to Treat at this time; I am ſo confi-
dent of your love to me, and that your care
is ſuch for the honour and ſafety of the King-
dome, that I ſhall freely leave to you where
‘ to begin: only this, that you may the bet-
‘ter know the ſtate of all affairs, I have com-
‘manded my Lord Keeper to give you a
‘ſhort and free account of thoſe things that
have happened in this interim, with this Pro-
'teſtation, that if his account be not ſatisfa-
&ory, as it ought to be, I ſhall whenfoever
'you deſireit, give you a full and perfect ac-
count of every particular. One thing more
I deſire of you, as one of the greateſt means
'to make this an happy Parliament, that you
on your parts, as I on mine, lay aſide ſu-
'spicion one of another, as I promiſed my
Lords at Tork, it ſhall not be my fault
<if
C
C
C
C

The Reign of King Charles.
199
" if this be not an happy and good Parlia- Ann. Chrifi
1640.
ment. bersih
Grievances.
The King having ended, the Lord Keeper, in perſuance of
his Majeſtics commands, gave them a ſummary relation of all
things relating to the Scotiſh Invaſion, I dare not ſay Rebelli-
on, for that the King repreſented them under that diſguſtfull cha-
racter, was very ill reſented by ſome conſiderable perſons, where-
of his Majeſty having notice, told the Parliament two dayes after,
He muſt needs
call them Rebels, ſo long as they have an Army that do
invade England.
The remainder of that week was ſpent partly in fctling
Committees for general Grievances, and partly in fee ſpee-
ches of Rhetorically declaiming againſt, and diffecting
them.
Munday being the 9. of Novemb. Petitions came thronging Several Petiti-
in from all Countries of the Kingdom, craving redreſſe of the ons againſt
late general exorbitances both in Church and State, as alſo from
particular perſons who had ſmarted under the lath of the Stara
Chamber, Councel-Table, and High Commiflion Court.
Novemb. the 10. theſe Petitions were delivered to Grand
Committees, and divers ordered to be enlarged out of Pri-
fons, to make their defences, eſpecially Prynn, Baftwick, and
Burton.in dled
In the Houſe of Lords, Novemb. the 10. there was a com- 1 Priviledges of
plaint made that their priviledges had been temerated and in- Houle violated.
fringed, by the ſearch of the Earl of Warwicks and the Lord
Brookes ſtudies, Cabinets and Pockets, upon the diſſolution of
the laft Parliament, and Sir William Beecher the inſtrument
imployed in that action, was fent for to give account by whar
authority he proceeded, who alleaged he had a warrant therefore
from the two Secretaries of State, whereupon he was committed
to the Fleet.
The next day Mr. Pym was ſent from the Commons to the The Lieute-
Lords with a meſſage of Impeachment of High Treaſon, char- napt of Ireland
ged upon the Lieutenant of Ireland, whereupon he was reque- Treaſon.
fted from the Parliament houſe, and committed to the Uſher of
the Black Rod, and in order to his further accuſation, Sir George
Ratcliff a great confident of the Lieutenants, and a fuppofed con-
criminary with him, was two dayes after ſent for out of Ireland by
a Serjant at Armes. ionista nga
The two Armies in the North lay heavy upon theſe Coun- The Northern
tries where they quartered, and their preſſures were like to en-
creaſe unleſſe' fome ſupply were ſpeedily diſpatcht to them;
therefore Novemb. the 12. the Houſe reſolved upon an 100000 l.
for
Armics in
want.

200
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
for their
1640. way of Subſidic, they were borrowed of the City of London
upon intereſt; divers members of the Parliament engaging
for them.
Biſhop of Lin Munday the 16. the Lord Biſhop of Lincoln was ſet free of
cola enlarged. his impriſonment in the Tower, upon the ſuit of the Houſe
of Peers to his Majeſty, and the next day (being a day of
Humiliation) he was brought into the Abbey Church by fix
Biſhops, and officiated there as Dean of Weſtminſter before the
Lords. The Houſe of Commons aſſembling according to their
ancient mode in St. Margarets Church, while the ſecond-ſervice
was reading at the Communion Table (ſurable ro the late and anti-
ent practiſe,') it was diſturbed by a Pfalme begun, at which many
were amazed.
The Earl of Strafford entring now into his ſtate of trans-figu-
ration, from the high pitch of honour, to the condition of du-
rance, found his friends active and awake to ſerve him with
their beſt endevours, in all things relating either to his reputation,
or ſafety. In order to which it was the 19. day precariouſly
moved, 1. That he might be bailed, divers Lords freely tendring
themſelves to that end; But the Lord Pages declared it was
againft the lawes of the Land, and priviledge of the Houſe, in
which opinion the major part of the Pçers acquieſced. Then it
was prayed he might have Councel aſſigned him, and a Sollicitor,
in regard he was under ſo ſtrict a reſtraint. Both which were
condeſcended ta.
Juſtice Ho The 21, one fohn Fames, ſon of Sir Henry Frames of Fe-
wardadaulted verſham in Kent, a Romish Catholique, ſtabbed Mr. Howard
by a
(a Juſtice of Peace for Weſtminſter) in Weſtminſter-hall, to the
great hazard of his life. The impulſive to this favage affault, was
ſuppoſed to be becauſe Mr. Howard had framed a liſt with the
names of ſuch Recuſants, as were within the liberties of Weſt-
minſter, which he was to deliver up to the Committee for Re-
ligion. Mr. Eames was committed to the Gatehouſe, and the King
ſent an expreſſe to the Commons that they ſhould proceed ſeverely
againſt him.
The 28. Mr. Prynne and Mr. Burton were brought into Londov
ton enter Lon- in great pomp and ſtate, being condu&cd with many thouſands
don in triumph of horſe and toot, having ſprigs of Roſmarine in their hands, to
the great diſhonour and defying of thoſe Courts, which had paſſed
ſentence againſt them, and Decemb. the 3. were admitted into the
houſe of Commons, to preſent their Petitions againſt the Pro-
fecutors.
Secretary wing
The Parliament began now to appear fo formidable to all who
debank Ayeth, laboured of any bad character, as the very terrour was a kind of
proſcription and exile; upon this very skore Sir Francis Winder
banka
Pryn and Bur-

Tbe Reign of King Charles,
201
Votes againſt
banck, Secretary of State, having been queſtioned for reprieving Ann. Cbrifti
Prieſts, and ſuſpected guilty of worſe matters, Decemb.5. flily 1640.
Mipt aſide into France.
The 7. it was unaniinouſly voted by the Commons,
1. That the charge impoſed upon the ſubject for the providing
and furniſhing of ships and the Ageſſements for raiſing of money for Shipmoney.
that purpoſe (commonly called Shipmoney) are againſt the Lawes
of the Realme, the subjects right and property, contrary to
former reſolutions in Parliament, and the petition of Right.
2. That the extra-judicial opinion of the Fudges publiſhed in the
Star-Chamber, and enrolled in the Courts of Weſtminſter, are in the
whole and in every part of them againſt the Lames of the Realm,
&c.ut priús.
3. That the Writs ( commonly called the Shipwrits ) are againſt
the Lames of the Realm, &c. ut priús.
4. That the Fudgment in the Exchequer in Mr. Hambdens cafe, is
as to the matter and ſubſtance thereof, against the Lawes of the
Realm, &c. ut priús.
From the damning of the Tax, to the cenſure of the contriyers
ofit, the motion is natural, as to a proper conſectary of it; and
this conſideration led the Parliament firſt to fix upon the (fo
thought) leading man thercin, the Lord Keeper Finch, and the
reſt of the Judges, and accordingly the next day a Committee
was appointed to draw up a charge of high Treaſon againſt
them.
Decemb. the 11. Alderman Penington with ſome hundreds ar
his heeles came to the Houſe of Commons, and preſented a Petition a-
Petition from the Citizens (not from the City) of London, ſub- gainſt Biſhops,
ſcribed by 15000. lamentably complaining againſt the Ecclefi-
aſtical Diſcipline and many ceremonies of the Church of England;
which raiſing too much debate for a ſpeedy determination, was
tranſmitted to another time,
Their next advance in the work of reformation, was an in-The late Ca-
ſpection into the illegality of the late Convocation, and Canons nons damn’d.
thereof; and upon full hearing of all arguments urged on
both ſides, the Houſe reſolved Decemb, the 15. That the Clergy
in a Synod or Convocation hath no power to make Canons, Conſtitus-
tions or Lawes to bind either Laity or Clergy, without a Parlia-
ment; and the next day voted, That the Canons are againſt the
fundamental Lawes of this Realm, againſt the Kings Prerogative,
Property of the subject, the right of Parliaments, and do tend to
faction and fedition.
Dependent upon this Declaration next follows the appointment
of a Committee to prepare a charge againſt the Archbiſhop of
Canterbury, as one of prime re-marque in forming of theſe Ca-
nons, and for other ſuppoſed Delinquences: the Scots having
Dd
complicated
The London

202
The Reign of King Charles.
Finch defends
Ann. Chrifti omplicated him with the Earl of Strafford in their grand accu-
1640.
ſation againſt him (preſented to the Houſe of Lords by the Lord
Paget, Decemb. the 17.) under the character of an incendiary in
this national difference and the 18.was voted guilty of high Trea-
ſon, and committed to the Uſher of the black Rod.
The ſame day there was alſo a ſelect Committce nominated,
to inquire into the branches of the privileges of Parliament, by the
commitment of ſeveral members 4.Caroli,as Sir Marmaduke Lang-
dale, Mr. Crow, &c.
Lord Keeper
The Lord Keeper Finch obſerved himſelf to ſtand upon a
very tickle point, and taking notice of what was preparing againſt
his innocency.
him, thought it the beſt way to mollific the tumours of diſcontent
againſt him, it his Defence did anticipate the Commons charge
in order to which the 21. he made an clegant and quaint Ora-
tion tending to the Vindication of himſelf in every particular,
but not withſtanding all his incantations of Rhetorique, the Com-
mons ſtood fixt and immoveable, and that very day voted him a
Traitor upon theſe conſiderations.
1. For refuſing to read the Remonftrance againſt the Lord
Treaſurer Weſton 4º Caroli when the Parliament deſi-
red it.
2. For foliciting, perſwading and threatning the Fudges to de
• liver their opinions for levying of shipmoney.
3. For ſeveral illegal actions in Foreſt matters.
4. For ill offices done in moving the King to diffolve the laſt
: Parliament, and cauſing his Majeſties Declaration thereupon
to be put forth
,
Is voted Trai-
tor.
.
Flyeth.
The next day he was accuſed before the Lords, but he was
early up, and before day-gave juſtice the flip, withdrawing to a
more habitable Region.
The dyſ-craſie, the diſtempers of our ſtate both Ecclefiaftical
and Political, were eminently derived from the long dif-uſe of
Parliaments, which are in truth the ſtrongeſt ligaments of the
relation Paramount betwixt King and People: for where a
correſpondency neceſſary to their joynt intereſt, is over-long
diſ-continued, there muſt needs be generated from that dif-
acquaintance, many miſ-underſtandings between, much diffi-
dence of cach other; and paflions ſevered and not determined
to publique concernments. To encounter which inconvenience,
the Parliament were now modelling a Bill for a TrieanialParli-
ament, and at the ſame time Petitions came thronging one upon
the neck of another from ſeveral Countics, and one ſubfcribed by
700. Presbyters, againſt the Hicrarchy of Biſhops, which finding
å reception in the Houſe dif-agreeable to his Majeſties ſenſe, he
called

The Reign of King Charles.
203
called both Houſes together, Fan. 23. at which time he firſt Ann. Chrifti
minded them of their flow proceedings, and the inconveniences 1640.
emerging there-from. I 90 JO1
LV9500
Το να το αποτέ
As firſt the maintaining two Armies in the
Kingdom at a charge ſo exceſſive.
Poloton bin
Next the Peak condition of his Navy and
Forts whereby bis enemies are much encouraged,
and bis friends diſ-beartned.
After which, he ſaid ş
DO
DO
The Kings
I
Speech for
Cannot but take notice of ſome
very
ſtrange Petitions, given in the name of Bihops.
ſeveral Counties, againſt the preſent eſtabli-
ſhed Government of the Church, and of the
great threats that Biſhops ſhall be no better
then Cyphers, if not clear done away. Now
I muſt tell you that I make a difference be-
tween Reformation and Alteration of Go.
vernment: though I am for the firſt, I can-
not give way to the latter. I will not ſay but
that the Biſhops may have over-ſtretched
their power, and encroached upon the Tem-
poral, which if you will correct, and reforme
the abuſe, according to the wiſdome of for-
mer times, ſo far I am with you. Nay fur-
ther, if upon ſerious debate you ſhall ſhew
me that Biſhops have ſome temporal au-
thority inconvenient to the State, and not
upo
D d 2
fo

204
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann, Chrifi fo neceſſary to the Church for the ſupport of
1640
Epiſcopacy, I ſhall not be unwilling to per-
ſwade them to lay it down. Yet by this you
muſt not underſtand that I can conſent to the
taking away their voyce in Parliament, which
they have ſo anciently enjoyed under ſo many
my Anceſtors, even before the Conqueſt, and
ever ſince, and which I conceive I am bound
to maintain, as one of the fundamental inſtitu-
tions of this Kingdome.
There is another Rock I deſire you to
a eſchew, and that not in ſubſtance but in form,
pot yet fo
that form is ſo eſſential that except it be
reformed it will marre the ſubſtance. There is
a Bill given in for frequent Parliaments, the
thing I like well, that is to ſay, to have often
Parliaments; but to give power to Sheriffes ,
and Conſtables, and I know not whom to do
my Office, that I cannot yeeld unto; but to
ſhew you that I am deſirous to pleaſe you in
formes which deſtroy not the ſubſtance, I am
content you ſhall have an Ad for this pur-
poſe, but ſo reformed that it ſhall never trench
upon mine honor, nor on that inſeparable
Right of my Crown concerning Parliaments,
To which purpoſe I have commanded my
learned Counſel to wait on you, my Lords,
with ſuch Propoſitions as I hope will give
you content. For I ingenuouſly confeſſe, that
frequent

I be Reign of King Charles.
205
my Subjects
.
frequent Parliaments are the beſt means to per- Am, Chriſti
1640.
forme a right underſtanding beeween me and
To conclude, I have now ſhewed you the
ſtate of my clear intentions, and the Rocks I
wiſh you to eſchew, in all which you may
perceive the deſire I have to give you content,
as you ſhall finde alſo by thoſe Miniſters I
have and do intend to imploy in my affaires ,
for the purſuance of my good intentions,
which I doubt not will bring peace and hap-
pineſſe to my Subjects, to the contentment of
us all.
The ſame day one Goodman a Jeſuite being condemned at the Goodman a
Seſſions at London, was reprieved by the King; whereupon Priet reprie-
Mr. Glyn was ſent with a meſſage to the Nobles, to requeſt their
conjunction with them in a Petition to his Majeſty, to be infor-
med who ſhould dare to be inſtrumental in the retarding of
Juſtice in the face of a Parliament: which being aſſented to by
the Lords, the King by the Lord Privy Seal, Fan.25. fignifyed
the cauſe to be in regard he was found guilty, as being a Prieſt,
upon which ſcore only, neither his Father, nor Q. Elizabeth ever
exerciſed the rigour of the Law. This anſwer gave ſlender ſa-
tisfaction to the Commons, ſo that another conference Pan. 27.
was had with the Lords, from which reſulted a Remonftrance to
his Majeſty to this effect.
That, conſidering the ſtate and condition of this Remonftrance
preſent time, they conceive the Law to be more necef- again Geodem
man the Priest,
ſary to be put in ſtrict execution, then at any time
before.
First, becauſe by divers Petitions from ſeveral parts
of this Kingdome, complaints are made of the great
creaſe of Popery and Superſtition, and the People call
earneſtly to have the Lawes againſt Recuſants put in
execution,
Secondly,
bo
inn

206
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti Secondly, Prieſts and Jeſuites fwarm in great number
1640.
in the Kingdome, and appear bere with ſuch bold-
nefſe and confidence, as if there were no Lawes againſt
theme.
Thirdly, it appeareth to the Houſe that of late
years, about the City of London Prieſts and Jeſuites
have been diſcharged out of Priſon, many of them being
condemned of high Treaſon.
Fourthly, the Parliament is credibly informed that at
this preſent the Pope hath & Nuncio, or Agent reſident
in the City, and they have juſt cauſe to believe it to
be true. Ya son 101
Fift bly, the Papifts as publiquely, and with as much
confidence and importunity reſort to Maſje at Denmark
bouſe, St. James, and the Ambaſſadors Chappel, as others
do to their Parocbial Churches.
Sixtly, there is found already fo. bad conſequence of
this Prieſt John Goodman bis reprieve, that the City
of London being ſolicited by the Parliament for their
aſiſtance in the advancement of money for the ſupply of
bis Majeſties Army, have abſolutely denyed the ſame, for
that very reaſon, which may become an ill Precedent in
the levying of the Subſidies.adoro
Lastly, It is found that this Goodınan bath
been twice before committed, and diſcharged, and
was ſomewhile a Minister in the Church of Eng-
land.
Therefore they humbly defire the ſaid John Good-
man may be left to the Juſtice of the Law.
To this Remonſtrance the King Feb. 3. replyed.
That it was againſt his mind that Popery
or Superſtition ſhould any way encreaſe within
this Kingdome, that he will restrain the ſame by
cauſing the Lawes to be put in execution.
That
The Kings
Anſwer,

The Reign of King Charles.
207
That be is reſolved to provide againſt Je- Ann, Chrifi
1640.
ſuites and Papifts by ſetting forth a Proclama-
tion ſpeedily, commanding them to depart the
Kingdom within one month, of which if they fail,
or ſhall return then they ſhall be proceeded againſt
according to Law.
Concerning the Popes Nuncio (Roſetti) he
bath no Commiſion, but only to retain correſpon-
dency between the Queen and the Pope, in
things requiſire for the exerciſe of her Religion,
which is warranted to ber by the Articles of
marriage, which gave ber a full liberty of conſci-
ence; yet be bath perſwaded ber, that ſince the
miſunderſtanding of that Perſons condition gives
offence, she will within a time convenient re-
Moreover, he will take ſpecial care to reſtrain
bis Subjects from reſorting to Maſſe at Denmark
bouſe, St. James's, and the Chappels of Am
baffadors.
Laftly, concerning Goodman, becauſe be
mill avoid the inconvenience of giving ſo great
diſcontent to his People as his mercy may produce,
therefore be doth remit bis particular caſe to
botb Houſes. But be deſired them to take into
their conſiderations, the inconveniences that
may upon this occafion fall upon bis Sub-
jects, and other Protestants abroad, eſpecially
fance it may ſeem to other States to be a fe-
move bim.
verity. ising
The

208
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
The Scots Army having poffeſt ſuch ample and five moneths
1640. quarters in this Kingdome, it may ſeem a wonder that all this
while their affaires have not been aſſigned agreeable quarters
in this Narration, eſpecially perpending and conſidering the
grand complication of intereſts, and how relative our higheſt
concernments were to their preſent pofture. A preterition, an
omiſſion, ſtudiouſly and deliberatively reſolved upon; a compart-
ment diſtinct and by it felf, beſt forting with ſuch tranſactions
where the ſeries of the ſtory is not enterlined nor diſturbed with
matters independent, and of a different kind. I ſhall therefore
ſummarily collect all thoſe ſeverall parcels of by-paſt occurrences,
which had reference to them, not forgetting the true temporalities
wherein they did emerge.
Whar paſſed at the Treaty at Rippon hath been already
mentioned, which only produced a reſpite, a ceſſation of Hoftility;
a plenary Pacification it could not effcct: this was reſerved for a
Treaty at London to form ; in order to whith the King Nov.
the 23. iſſued forth a Commiſſion to the former Lords, the Earls
of Bedford, Hartford, Ellex, Salisbury, Warwick, Briston, Hol-
land and Berkſhire; to the Lords Wharton, Paget, Kimbolton,
Brook, Paulet, Howard of Eſtrick, Savil and Dunfmore, to any
ten or more of them, to treat with the Scotiſh Commiſſioners, or
any ſeven of them being the Earls of Rothes, and Dunfermling,
Fehn Lord Lowden, Sir Patrick Hepburn, Sir William Douglas,
William Drummond, Fohn Smith Bailiff of Edenburgh, Alexander
Wedderburn, Hugh Kennedy, Alexander Henderſon, and Archibald
Fohnston to take into conſideration their Demands and compoſe all
differences ariſing thereupon, in perſuance of which Commiffion
theſc particulars were demanded and affented to.
The Scotiſh Commiſſioners demanded,
1. Demand.
Firſt, that his Majeſty would be gratiouſly pleaſed to com-
mand, that the Aets of the late Parliament may be publiſhed in
his Highneffe name, as our Soveraigne Lord, with confent
of the Eſtates of Parliament conuened by his Majefties au-
thority
Anſwer.
To this it is anſwered, and agreed 30. Decembris 1640. That
foraſmuch as the Kings Majeſty at the humble deſire of his
Subjects, did call and convene a Parliament to be holden at
Edenburgh, the 2. of Fune 1640. wherein certain AAs were
made, and agreed upon, which Acts his Majefy is pleaſed to
publiſh in his own name with the conſent of the Eſtates, and
therefore commands that the ſaid A&ts bearing date the 2. day of
Fune

Ibe Reign of King Charles.
209
bing
np more
Anfier.
.
Seſſion of the faine Parliament, and that all the faid Aets, as well 1640.
of the precedent, as of the next Sellion to be holden, have in all
time coming the ſtrength of Lawes, and to be obeyed by all the
Subjects of the Kingdome of Scotland.
Secondly, that the Castle of Edenburgh, and other ſtrengths 2. Demand.
of the Kingdome ſhould with the advice of the Eſtates of Parlia-
ment, according to their first foundation, be furmbed and uſed for
defence and ſecurity of the Kingdome.
1801
It is agreed unro.
it to take you
Anſwer.
Thirdly, that Scotifomen within his Majeſties Dominions of 3. Demand.
al
England and Ireland, may be freed from cenfure for fubſcri-
the Covenant and be presſed with Oathes and
ſubſcriptions unwarranted by their Lawrs, and contrary to their
National oarb, and Covenant approved by bis Majeſty: 9**
It is agreed Decemb. the 8. 1640. that all thoſe, who in his
Majeſties Dominions of England and Ireland have been impriſonments
ned or cenſured any way for ſubſcribing of the Covenant, or for
refuſing to take any other Oath contrary to the fame, ſhall be
freed of theſe cenſures and ſhall be fully reſtored to their Liber-
ties, Eftates and Poffeffions; And for time coming that the
Subjects of Scotland, as Subjects of Scotland, thall not be con-
ftrained to any Oath contrary to the Lawes of that Kingdome,
and the Religion there eſtabilhed; But fuch of the Kingdome
of Scarland as fhall tranſport themfelves into the Kingdome of
England or Ireland, and there be fetled Inhabitants, either by way
of having inheritance or freehold, or by way of ſetled Trades,
ſhall be ſubject to the Lawes of England or Ireland, and to the
Oathes eſtabliſhed by the Lawes and Acts of Parliament in the
ſaid Kingdomes reſpectively, wherein they live. And the Engliſh
and Iriſh fhall have the like privilege in Scotland.
Par
Fourrbly, that his Majeſty would be pleaſed to declare, that who-
soever (hall be found, upon Troyal and Examination by the Eftates 4. Demand.
of either of the two Parliaments, (they judging against the perſons
Tubject to their own authority) to have been the Authors and
Caulers of the late and preſent Troubles, and combuſtions,
whether. by labouring to make and foment Diviſion betwixt
the King and his people, or betwist the two Nations, or any
ſhall be liable to Cenfure of the ſaid Parliaments re-
(pettively
Sambal
en lo nositi orlistatorii auto park tahu
other way; ſhall be liable to carry
Ee
It

210
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1640.
It is anſwered Decemb. the 11. 1643. That his Majeſty be-
lieveth he hath none fuch about him ; therefore, concerning that
point, he can make no other Declaration then that he is juft, and
Anſuer.
ihar all his Couris of Juſtice are to be free and open to all men. Our
Parliament in this Kingdome is now fitting, and the current Par-
liament of Scotland, neer approaching the time of their meeting ;
In either of which reſpectivè, he doth not prohibite the E-
ſtates to proceed in trying and judging of whatſoever his
Subjects.
And whereas it was further demanded that none after the
ſentence of the Parliament ſhould have acceſſe to his Majeſty, or
be maintained or enjoy places, or offices, and have credit or au-
thority to inform or adviſe his Majeſty.
It is declared in his Majeſties name, Decemb. the 30. 1640.
That he will not imploy any Perſon or Perſons in Office or Place,
that ſhall be judged incapable by ſentence of Parliament. Nor
will he make uſe of their ſervice without the conſent of Parlia-
ment, nor grant them accefſe to his Perſon.
5. Demand,
Fiftly, that their Ships, and Goods, and all damages thereof may
be reſtored,
Anſwer. It is agreed Fan, the 7. 1640. Thar all ſhips taken and
ſtayed ſhould be reciprocally reſtored on both fides. And that
the Scotiſh Commiſſioners having informed that about eighty
ſhips of Scotland are yet ſtayed in the Ports, and are like to
ſaffer much loſſe if they ſhall not be delivered into ſome hands
who may have care of them. It is agreed that warrants ſhall be
preſently granted for delivery of all their Ships. And that four
thouſand pounds be preſently advanced, for Cauking, Sailes, Cor-
dage and other neceffaries, for helping the preſent ſetting forth of
the ſaid Ships.
6. Demand. Sixtly, they deſire from tbe juſtice and the kindneffe of the
Kingdome of England, Reparation concerning the loſſes which
the Kingdome of Scotland hath ſuſtained, and the vaſt char-
ges they have been put unto by occaſion of the late tronbles.
In this Demand ſome did note in the Scots a tincture of
oblivion, if not of ingratitude, for the ſervice England did them
in what they call their firſt Reformation, towards which work
our Nation was ſo auxiliary, ſo affiftant, yet at the end brought
them in no Bill of Charges. It was alſo noted that they en-
titled theſe demands to Fuſtice, which ſome interpreted to imply
that they came hither upon the invitation of eminent perſons of
this

The Reign of King Charles.
2II
,
this Nation; it was ſuppoſed, and very like,of Pym, and Hambden. Ann. Chriſti
And though theſe Demands were not definitive nor terminated 1640.
in any particular ſum, yet did they compute their Loſſes and cx- w V
pences to 514000. I. a formidable and prodigious fum, more then
ever was granted by the Subject to any King at once. This De-
mand took up long debate in the Houſe of Commons, and ar
laſt Feb. the 3. this anſwer was returned. Od brotto
TO 2133
azowe
That this Houſe thinks fit that a friendly aſſiſtance, and re-
Anſwer.
lief fhall be given towards fupply of the loſſes of the Scots, and
char the Parliament did declare that they did conceive that the
ſum of three hundred thouſand pounds is a fit proportion for the
friendly affiftance and relief formerly thought fit to be given
towards ſupply of the loſſes and neceſſities of their BRETHREN
of Scotland, and that the Houſe would in due time take into con-
fideration the manner how, and the time when, the ſame ſhall
bee raiſed.
Seventhly, that as his Majeſty hath approved the A&ts of the late
7. Demand.
Parliament, wherein all ſuch Declarations, Proclamations, Books,
Libels and Pamphlets that have been made, written and publiſhed a-
gainſt his Loyal and dutiful Subječts of Scotland, are recalled, and
ordered to be ſuppreſſed: So his Majeſty may be pleaſed to give
order that the ſame may be ſuppreſſed, recalled and forbidden in
England and Ireland, and that the Loyalty, integrity and faith-
røgal Perfon and Government may at the of this treaty of
Peace, and at the time of Publique Thanks-giving for the ſame, be
made known in all places and all Pariſh Churches of his Majeſties
Dominions.
he
Anfset.
It is agreed upon the 10. of February 1640. That all De-
claratons, Proclamations, A&ts, Books, Libels and Pamphlets
that have been made and publiſhed againſt the Loyalty and du-
tifulneffe of his Majeſties Subjects of Scotland, ſhall be recalled,
fuppreffed and forbidden in England and Ireland. And that this be
reciprocal in Scotlqød, if any ſuch have been made or publiſhed
there in prejudice of his Majeſties honour. And this upon
diligent enquiry to be done by the Authority of Parliament next
fitting in Scotland, of which the Commiſioners of Scotland do
promiſe to have an eſpecial care. And we do alſo agree, that
when it ſhall pleaſc Almighty God to grant an happy clofe of
this Treaty of Peace, the Loyalty of his Majeſties Subjects of
Scotland ſhall be made known at the time of publique Thanks-
giving, in all places, and particularly in the Parish Churches of
his Majeſtics Dominions.
Ecz
That

212
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti
.COM zida
That all Monuments, Tokens and ſhemes of Hoftility upon the
1640. borders of the two Kingdomes may be taken away
. That not
8. Demand. that the werks may be lighted and the Places diſmantled.
only the Garriſons of Barwick and Carlile may be removed, but
ha poor OD
To this Demand, being offered but the 12. of this month, no
anſwer was as yet returned.
Suggeſtions Unhappy Counfels have of late put the King out of poſſeſſion
of his Subjects affections, reſolved he was no opportunity ſhould
eſcape him which might promove his re-endeerement with them;
upon which inducement being lately ſolicited by the Dutch Am-
baffadors for a match between William the young Prince of Orange
pounded be-
and the Lady Mary his daughter, and he inclined to entertain it, yet
twixt the Lady would he not make any concluſion therein, untill he had affumed
the Parliament as Partners in his conſultations, whereupon Feb. 10.
he thus imparted his mind to the Lords.
A match pro-
Mary and
Prince of
Orange,
My Lords,
The Kings
Speech to the
Lords about it.
C
* That freedome and confidence which I
expreſſed at the beginning of this Parliament,
to have of your love and fidelity towards my
Perſon and Eſtate, hath 'made me at this time
come hither to acquaint you with that Alli-
Cance and Confederacy which I intend to
make with the Prince of Orange, and the
States, which before this time I did not think
expedient to do, becauſe that part which I
do deſire your advice and affiſtance upon,
was not ready to be treated on. I will not
trouble you with a long digreſſion, by ſhew-
‘ing the ſteps of this Treaty, but leave
you to
be fatisfied in that by thoſe who under me
do manage that affair. Only I ſhall ſhew
'you
6
6
C

The Reign of King Charles.
213
C
C
C
C
Ann, Chrifti
you the reafons which have induced me to
1640.
it, and in which I expect your aſſiſtance and
counſel. The Confiderations that have in-
duced me to it are theſe.
«Firſt, the matter of Religion, here needs
‘no diſpenſation, no fear that my Daughters
conſcience may be any way perverted.
‘Secondly, I do eſteem that a ſtrict Alli-
ance and Confederacy with the States will
be as uſefull to this Kingdome, as that with
any of my Neighbours, eſpecially conſide-
‘ring their affinity neighbour-hood and way of
ctheir ſtrength.
And laſtly, (which I muſt never forget in
theſe occaſions) the uſe I may make of this
Alliance towards the eſtabliſhing of my
Sister and Nepbewes.
Now to ſhew you in what I deſire your
aſſiſtance, you muſt know that the Articles of
Marriage are in a manner concluded, but not
to be totally ratified untill that of Alliance be
ended, and agreed, which before I demanded
your aſſiſtance, I did not think fit to enter
upon. And that I may not leave you too
much at large how to begin that Councel,
' I preſent you here the Propofitions which
are offered by me to the States Ambaſſa-
dours for that intent. And ſo my Lords I
* fhall only deſire you to make as much expe-
dition
C
6
C

214
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti dition in your Councels, as ſo great a buſineſs
1640.
'fhall require, and ſhall leave your Lordſhips
“to your own free debate.
No one propoſition of his Majeſty, ſince the firſt fitting of
this Parliament, was ſo generally paſſant in both Houſes as this
,
none received with greater alacrity, none embraced with ſo clear
a vote, and which was a wonder, in a moment of ſo many jealou-
ſies, no fear of a plot upon either our Liberties or Religion : but
the truth is, thoſe feares now reſulted from another party, the Ro-
mith Catholiques, and by rumours of their plots, the Kingdome
was almoſt perpetually allarm’d, fo as
The next day four Members of the Houſe of Commons
papists.
were fent up to the Lords with a meſſage, importing the diſco
very of a great deſigne in hand by the Papiſts, as an Army of
15000. in Lancaſhire, and 8000. in Ireland, with many thouſands
in other places well armed, and in pay, raiſed by the Earl of Straf-
ford, Earl of Worceſter and others.
Judge Berkly Feb. 13. Sir Robert Berkly was accuſed by a motion of the Com-
impeacht of
mons of high Treaſon, and by the Uſher of the black Rod taken
high Treaſon.
the next day from his ſeat in the Kings Bench, and carrycd away
under the notion of his priſoner.
The King
The Bill for the Triennial Parliaments having paſt both Houſes
pafêth the Bill was animated with the Royall aſſent Feb. the 16. his Majeſty
al Parliament. minding the Parliament of the grandure of this Grace, and what
he expected in way of gratitude from them, in theſe words.
Plots of the
C
Sis Speech
concerning it.
6
C
My Lords,
And you the Knights, Citizens, and
Burgeſſes of the Houſe of Commons; you
may remember when both Houſes were
' with me at the Banqueting houſe at White-
ball, I did declare unto you two Rocks I
wiſhed you to ſhun, this is the one of them,
‘and of that conſequence that I think never
* Bill palled here in this Houſe of more favor
to the Subject then this is: And if the other
Rock
6
C

The Reign of King Charles.
215
C
©
‘Rock be as happily paſt over, as this ſhall Am. Chrifi
1640.
be at this time; I do not know what
you
can aske, for ought I can ſee at this time,
that I can make any queſtion to yeeld unto.
Therefore I mention this to ſhew unto
you the ſenſe I have of this Bill, and the Ob-
ʻligation, as I may ſay, that you have to me
for it; for hitherto (to ſpeak freely) I had no
great encouragement to do it.
If I ſhould look to the outward face of
your actions, or proceedings, and not to the
(inward intentions of your hearts, I might
make queſtion of doing it.
* Hitherto you have gone on in that which
concernes your ſelves to amend, and not in
thoſe things that meerly concern the ſtrength
of this Kingdome, neither for the State nor
mine own particular
.
“This I mention,not to reproch you, but to
ſhew you the ſtate of things as they are, you
have taken the Government all in pieces, and
I may ſay it is almoſt off the Hinges. A skil-
full Watch-maker to cleanſe his Watch
will take it a ſunder, and when it is put toge-
ther it will go better, ſo that he leaves not out
one pin of it.
Now as I have done all this on my part,
you know what to do on yours; and I hope
you ſhall ſee clearly that I have performed
“really

216
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
1640
in you.
>
The Arch-
but theſe
Ann. Chrifit really what I expreſſed to you at the begin
ning of this Parliament, of the great truſt i
have of your affections to me; and this is the
great expreſſion of truſt, that before you do
any thing for me, I do put ſuch a confidence
les noite
At the ſame time he ſigned alſo the Bill of Subſidies, both
which Acts were ſo pleaſing to the Parliament, that upon a con-
ference between both Houſes it was unanimouſly agreed to wait
upon his Majeſty at White-hall, and by the Lord Keeper ( Sir Ed-
ward Littleton) to return him their humble thanks. And that
night Bonefires and other tokens of joy were made in the City by
order of the Parliament.
February the 26. the Archbiſhops charge compounded of 14.
biſhop accuſed Articles was preferred in the Lords Houfe by Mr. Pym, where-
of high Tres
upon he was ordered to the Tower, but upon his humble ſute
to the Lords, his Commitment thither was reſpited untill March
the firſt.
faction to all, moſt cryed aloud for a Reformation in the Hierarchy
it felf, many would detrench from them their fecular power, and
votes in Parliament, nay ſome were male-content unlefſe the hole
order were eradicated; and this was now vehemently preſſed by
the City Pecition, now under conſideration of the Committee:
a mighty debate there was about this time in the Houſe of Com-
mons upon this Subject, and no arguments omitted which might
officiate to either end, amongſt the reſt Epiſcopacy had not a
fafter friend, nor the City Petition a ftouter Antagoniſt, then the
Lord Digby, who ſpake for the one and againſt the other no man to
better purpoſc, and fummarily thus.
DOBA
The Lord Dig That he looked not upon that Petition, as a Petition
bies Speech for
Epifcopacy. from the City of London, but from he knew not what
15000. Londoners all that could be got to ſubſcribe.
That therein he diſcovered a mixture of things Çontem-
prible, Irrational, and Preſumptuous.
Contemptible. Did ever any man think that the fables
of Ovid, or Tom Goriats newes, ſhould by 15000.
bave
fon.

The Reign of King Charles.
217
bave been preſented to a Parliament as a motive for the An. Chrifti
extirpation of Biſhops; For the ſcandal of the Rocket, 1640.
the Lawn-ſleeves, the four.cornered Cap, the Cope, the
Surplice, the Hood, the Canonical Coat, &c. may paſje
paſje as arguments of the ſame weight. He did not know
wherber it were more prepoſterous to infer the extirpati.
on of Biſhops from ſuch weak arguments, or to attribute,
as they do, to Church Government all the civil grievan.
ces. Noi a Patent, not a Monopoly, not the price of a
Commodity raiſed, but theſe men make Biſloops the cauſe
of it.
Irra'ional. A Petition ought to be like a kind of ſyllo
giſm, the Conclufion, the Prayer, ought to bold propor.
tion with the Premiſſes, that is, with the Complaints, and
to be deduced from them: but in this Petition there was a
multitude of Allegations, of Inftances, of abuſes, and
depravations in Church Government ; and what is thence
inferred ? Let the uſe be utterly aboliſhed for the abuſes
fake. For the moveables ſake to take away the ſolid
good of a thing, is juſt as reaſonable, as to root
up a good tree, becauſe there is a Canker in the
Brancbes.
Preſumptuous. What greater boldneſſe can there be
then for Petitioners to preſcribe to a Parliament what
and how it fould do ? for a multitude to teach a
Parliamext what is, and what is not, the Government
according to Gods word ? Again, it is high prefumpti-
on to Petition point-blank againſt a Government in
force by Law: the bonour of former Asts muſt be upheld,
becauſe all the reverence we expect from future times to
our own Aēts, depends upon our ſupporting the dignity
of former Parliaments.
He faid, We all agree that a reformation of Church
Government is moſt neceſſary : But to ſtrike at the root be
can never give bis vote before three things were cleared
to him,
Ff
Firſt,
niva

218
Ibe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
Firſt, That no rule, no boundaries can be ſet to
1640. Biſhops able to reſtrain them from fucb exorbie
tances.
Secondly, Such a frame of Government muſt be
laid before us, as no time, no corruption, can make li-
able 10 inconveniences proportionable with tboſe we
aboliſb.
Thirdly, whether the new model is practicable in the
State and conſiſtent with Monarchy.
For the firſt, he was confident a Triennial Parlia.
ment would be a curbe ſufficient to order them.
For the ſecond, he was alſo confident that if we did
liſten to tboſe who would extirpate & piſcopacy,we ſhould
in ftate of erdery Biſhop we put down in a Dioceſje, fet
up a Pope in every Pariſh.
For the laſt, he was of opinion that it would be un-
Safe for Monarcby, for if the Presbyterian Aſſemblies
fbould ſucceed, they would aſſume a power to excommu-
nicate Kings, as well as other men. And if Kings came
once to be excommunicated, men are not like to care much
what becomes of them.
In concluſion, though Epiſcopacy kept her efſentials ſtill, yet
was ſhe much mutilated in her former glory. The Houſe of
Commons voting March the 10. That no Biſhop ſhall have any
vote in Parliament, nor any judicial power in the Star-chamber,
nor bear any (way in Temporal affaires, and that no clergy man
hall be in Commißion of the Peace.
I am now tending apace to the Earl of Straffords Tryal, in
order and relative to which, it will be neceffary to premiſe what
antecedently occurred.
The Charge a
The Commons having preferred their Accuſation againſt
gainf the Earl hin, as I ſaid before, a formal charge diſpoſed into Articles was
of Strafford is next of courſe to follow. Theſe at firſt they digeſted into 7. heads,
given in,
which conſifting only of generals, were after diſtributed into 28.
particulars; and Fan. the 30. preſented by Mr. Pym to the
Peers, as their compleat charge againſt the Earl: who being
immediately ſent for, and having heard it read, he deſired three
months day to anſwer ; the reaſon of this deſire was after figni-
fved

The Reign of King Charles.
219
(wer.
fyed to the Commons to be, in regard ſome of the Treaſons were| Ann. Chriſti
of 14.years ſtanding, and could not on the fuddain be anſwered : 1640.
Again as his Charge was long, ſo his Anſwer muſt be commen-
furate, the rough draught whercof being 200. ſheets of paper, it
could not be engroffed ſo ſoon as was deſired. Neverthelefle the
Commons ply'd the Lords with ſuch inceſſant applications, as he
was enforced to finiſh, and exhibit it to the Lords Feb.the 24.when
it was read in the Kings audience ; and in the Houſe of Commons
the next day after.
The Earls Anſwer being given in, there enſued ſeveral queſti- And bis An-
ons, which were the ſubjects of great debate betwećn the Lords
and Commons.
Firſt, Concerning the allowance of Councel. The Commons
alledging that in caſes of highTreaſon Councel cannot regalarly be
allowed; which the Lords ſaid was true in pleading matters of fact,
not in matters of Law. This was in ſome ſort granted at length by
the lower Houſe.
Secondly, Concerning the place of Tryal, the Lords defiring
it might be in their own Houſe, but the Commons oppoſed it, be-
cauſe they intended to manage their accuſation by members of
their own Houſe in the preſence of their whole Houſe; to which
purpoſe the Lords Houſe was thought too little, whercupon
Weſtminſter-hall was agreed upon.
Laſtly, The Commons were moved to declare in what quali
ty they would fit, whether as a full Houſe with their Speaker, or as
a Committee only; to which they replyed, that they inten-
ded to come in the body of their Houſe, which the Lords
not affenting to, they at laſt yeelded to come as a Com-
mittee.
As Weſtminfter-ball was the place, ſo Munday the 22. of Welminfer-ball
March was the firſt day prefixe of the Earles compearing. Never bis Tryal.
was there in this ifle a ſcene of Juſtice more magnificent reared
for any Subject, yea when even Majeſty her ſelf received a like
fentence from that place, her Trial was nothing ſo majeſtique,
Scaffolds were erected on either ſide of the Hall, there the Com-
mons ſat uncovered, and in the middeſt of the lower aſcent the
Peers; behind, but raiſed above them, there was placed a Chair
and Cloth of State for the King, on either ſide whereof was a cloſe
Gallery for the King, Queen and Prince to be private, futable to
the ancient mode.
Thic Biſhops were excluded by ancient Canon Lawes of the concil. Tolet. 4.
Councils of Toledo to be aſſiſtant in cauſes of Bloud or Death, cim.c.6.
as dif-agrceable to their function, who officiate ſo much towards
the unbloudy ſacrifice, as alſo to ballance the ſtrictneſſe of their Hoc agir in Ec-
own interdia, which prohibs Lay-men a vote with them in the clefia Excom-
Act of Excommunication, this being a Spiritual flaughter, as the municato su od
Interfetio. Aug
other
and Prince to be private, una
Ff 2

220
The Reign of King Charles.
Am. Christi other a Corporal. Upon which confideration they abſented them
1640.
ſelves.
The Earl of Arundel was Lord High Steward, and the Earl of
Lindſey Lord High Conſtable. The Earl of Strafford being brought
to the Bar, the Lord High Steward declared to him, that he was
called thither to anſwer to the impeachment of High Treaſon pre-
ferred againſt him by the Commons of England and Ire-
land. Then his Accuſation was read, and next his Anſwer
to it, in which moſt part of that day being ſpent, the Court
aroſe.
The next day he being brought again to the Bar, the Houſe
of Commons began with the firſt 7. General Articles, declaring
how he had ſubverted the Fundamentall Lawes of England and
Ireland, this particular was managed by Mr. Pym; next there
was a Paper produced ſealed, which being opened and read, ap-
peared to be ſent from the Parliament in Ireland, declaring that
the Commons there had vored the Earl guilty of High Treaſon,
whercat the Earl much aſtoniſht and tranſported with paſſion ſaid,
There was a Conſpiracy against him to take away bis life. The
words were no ſooner out of his mouth, then the Houſe of Com-
mons (who ſtood diligent Sentinels to watch every ſyllable he
fpake ) required Justice againſt him, becauſe he ſtanding im-
peacht of High Treaſon, accuſed the Parliaments of two King-
domes of a conſpiracy againſt him ; whercupon he humbly craved
pardon for the inconſiderateneffe of the expreffion, proteſting ſe
riouſly he did not thereby intend either Parliament, but ſome par-
ticular perſons.
Then Mr. Pym moved that whereas there was a diſcovery
made of three Articles more to be annexed to his charge, he
might preſently be commanded to reply to them; to which
the Lieutenant anſwered, that the Proceſſe being cloſed, he
hoped he ſhould not be ordered to anſwer any adventitious and
unexpected charge without more convenient time afligned. But
upon conſideration of the Articles, the Lords finding them to be
of no great importance, he was urged to a preſent reply. The
Articles were ;
New Articles
Againſt the
zarl,
Firſt
, That he bad withdrawn 24000. l. ( Some
copies have 40000. l.) ſterling from the Exchequer in
Ireland, and converted to bis own uſe.
Secondly,That in the beginning of bis Government the
Garriſons of Ireland bad been maintained by tbe Eng-
lilh Treaſury.
Thirdly,

The Reign of King Charles.
221
Thirdly, That he had advanced Popiſh and Ann. Chriſti
Infamous perfons, as the Biſhop of Waterford, and 1640.
others to the prime Roomes in the Church of Ire-
land,
Anſwer.
To the fuſt he ſaid, That England was indebted The Earls
to Ireland that fum, and that he took up the money
upon his own Credit, and paid it in again, and that
he had the Kings authority for the ſame, producing
his Majeſties Lerter.
To the Second, That the Garriſons had been
burdenſome to England in former Deputies times ;
that he ſo found them, but that he had ſo improved
the Kings Revenues there, as they were not onerous
at all to England.
To the laſt, That he never preferred any but ſuch
whom he conceived to be conſcientious and honeſt
men; that he could not prophecy of mens future
conditions; and for the Bilhop of Waterford he hath
ſatisfied the Law.
This dayes encounter between the Parliament and Earl
ſeemed a diſpute only at wafters, theſe generals being not impreg-
ned with any deadly quality.
The next day March the 24. they fell to ſharpe, that is to
enforce the Particular Articles, in order as they were diſpo-
fed, which in regard they were the formal principles of the
Earles Tragique end, I reſerved for this place, wherein I ſhall
ſo repreſent them, as the Reader may (as in the ſame Table) ar
once behold the Commons Charge and the Earls Defence run
lateral and in pale each with other, omitting fuch as not being
urged, fignified nothing.
I a.lt
Thc
تا اور
que elitoed ootame osa orolnivalar

222
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1640. The further Impeachment of Thomas Earl
of Strafford by the Commons aſſembled in
PARLIAMEN T.
The Firſt Article was not inſiſted upon.
II.
The Earles Reply.
2
That ſhortly after the obtai That Sir David Fowles was
ning of a Commiſſion dated the his profeſt enemy, that his
21. of March, in the 8. year of words were clearly inverted
his now Majeſtics reign (to wit) that his expreſſion was, That the
the laſt day of Augøſt then next little finger of the Law (if not
following, he the ſaid Earl (to moderated by the Kings gracious
bring his Majeſties liege people clemency) was heavier then the
into a diſlike of his Majelty and King's loynes. That theſe were
of his Government, and to ter- his words, be verify'd; Firſt,by
rific the Juſtices of the Peace, the occaſion of them, they being
from executing of the Lawes ; ſpoken to ſome whom the Kings
he, the faid Earl, being then Pre-favour had then colarged from
ſident of the Kings Councel in Impriſonment at Tork, as a mo-
the Northern parts of England, tive to their thankfulneſſe to
and a Juſtice of Peace) did pub- his Majeſty. Secondly, by
likely at the Affiſes held for the Sir William Penniman a Mem-
County of Tork in the City of ber of the Houſe, who was then
York, in and upon the faid laft preſeộr, and heard the words.
day of Auguſt, declare and pub- Which Sir William declaring to
lich before the people there ar- | be true : the Houſe of Commons
tending for the adminiſtration required fuftice of the Lords 4-
of Juſtice according to the Law, gainſt him, becauſe he had voted
and in the preſence of the Juſti- the Articles as a Member of
ces fitting, that ſome of the Inſti- the Houſe ; whereupon Sir Wil-
ces were all for Law, but they liam wept.
fhould finde that the Kings little
finger ſhould be heavier then the
bøynes of the Law.
Teſtified by Sir David Fowles
and others.
III.
The Earls Reply
March 25.
That the Realm of Ireland That if he had been over li-
1641. having been time out of minde beral of his tongue for want of
annexed
diſcretion,

The Reign of King Charles.
223
annexed to the Imperial Crown diſcretion, yet could not his Ann. Chriſti
of this his Majeſties Realm of words amount to Treaſon, un 1641.
England, and governed by the lefſe they had been revealed
fame Lawes: the ſaid Earı bea within 14. dayes as he was in-
ing Lord Deputy of that Realm, formed. As to the Charge he
to bring his Majeſties liege peo- faid, Truc it is, he ſaid Ireland
ple of that Kingdome likewiſe was a conquered Nation, which
inco diſlike of his Majeſtics go- no man can deny; and that the
vernment, and intending the King is the Law-giver, in mat-
ſubverſion of the fundamental ters not determined by Acts of
Laws and ſetled Government of Parliament, he conceived all
that Realm, and the diſtraction Loyal Subjects would grant.
of his Majeſties liege people,
there did upon the 30. day of
September, in the ninth year of
his now Majeſties reign, in the
City of Dublin (the chief City
of that Kingdome, where his
Majeſties Privic Counſel, and
Courts of Juſtice do ordinarily
BE
refide, and whitherthe Nobility
and Gentry of that Realm do
uſually reſort for Juſtice) in a
publick Speech before divers of
the Nobility and Gentry, and its
before the Maior, Aldermen, and
Recorder, and many Citizens of
***
Dublin, and other his Majeſties
liege people, declare and publiſh,
thar Ireland was a congwered Na-
tion, and that the King might do
with them what he pleaſed; and
ſpeaking of the Charters of the
former Kings of England made
to that City, he further ſaid, that
their Charters were nothing
worth, and did binde the King no
further then he pleaſed.
Teſtifyed by the Earl of Cork to bolo by
and two other Lords.
baby bow aidd
IV.
The Earls Reply.ro
That Richard Earl of Cork Ic were hard meaſure for a March 37.
having ſued out proceſs in courſe man to loſe his honour, and his
of Law for recovery of his por life, for an hafty word, or be.
feflions
cauſe
CHA

224
I be Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Ch.ini fefſions, froin which he was put cauſe he is no wiſer then God
1641.
by colour of an order made by hath made him. As for the
clic faid Earl of Strafford and the words, he confeffed them to
Councel Table of the ſaid be true, and thought he ſaid no
Realm of Ireland. The ſaid more then whar became him,
Earl of Strafford upon a paper confidering how much his Ma-
Perition without legall procee- ſters honour was concerned in
dings, did the 20: day of Febru- him, that if a proportionable
áry, in the 11. year of his now obedience was not as well due
Majeſties reign, threaten the ſaid to Acts of State, as to Acts of
Earl of Corke(being then a Peer Parliament, in vain did Coun-
ofthe ſaid Realm) to impriſon cels fit. And that he had done
him, unlefſe he would ſurceaſe no more then whac former De-
his fuit, and ſaid, That he would puries had done, and then what
have neither Law nor Lawyers was agrecable to his Inſtructi-
diſpute or queſtion any of his or ons for the Councel Table,
ders. And the 20. day of March, which he produced. And that
in the ſaid 11. year the ſaid Earl if thoſe words were Treaſon,
of Strafford ſpeaking of an order they ſhould have been revealed
of the ſaid Councel Table of within 14. dayes.
that Realm, made in the time of
King Fames, which concerned ab
a Lcaſe which the faid Earl of
Corke claimed in certain Recto.
doenvio told me to
ries or tithes which the ſaid Earl/ bus bus
of Corke alleaged to be of no brisambala
force, ſaid, That he would makel.02 . De
the ſaid Earl and all Ireland! i cili
know, ſo long as he had the Go.
betono
vernment ther, any act of State,
b)
there made, or to be made, ſhould be obtain
as binding to the
ſubjects of that 500 ml sout
Kingdome, as in "Act of Parlia- dito provato tani
ment : And did queſtion the ſaid
ShEna to 190172
Earl of Cork in the Caſtle Chá.
ber, upon pretence of breach smideronic
of the ſaid order of Councel ra Ordiske komplet
ble, and did ſundry other times,
Sી મ ડલકારે ફ રોપણી
and upon fundry other occaſiolo lună oda yd bodias
ons, by his words and ſpeeches
.ablo lado owa bra
arrogate to himſelf a power a-
bove the fundamental Laws, and
eſtabliſhed government of that
i Kingdome, and ſcorned the faidov 10 ficha de
Lawes and eſtabliſhed Govern-muo ni also no basteaed
ment. brow the 01s not i-lo eto y voor so w:)
Thc
V. That noilta

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
225
Ann. Chriſti
1641.
V.
The Earls reply.
March 28.
That according to ſuch his That there was then a ſtan-
Declarations and Speeches, the ding Army in Ireland, and Ar-
ſaid Earl of Strafford did uſe and mies cannot be governed but by
exerciſe a power above, and a- Martial Law: that it hath been
gainſt, and to the ſubverſion of put in conſtant practiſe with
the fundamental Lawes, and former Deputies, that had the
ſtabliſhed Government of the ſentence been unjuſtly given by
ſaid Realm of Ireland, extending him, the crime could amount but
ſuch his power to the goods, to Felony at moſt, for which he
free-holds, inheritances, liberties hoped he might as well expect
and lives of his Majeſties Sub- pardon from his Majeſty as the
jects of the ſaid Realm, viz.The Lord Conway and Sir Facob
ſaid Earl of Strafford the 12. day Aftley had for doing the like in
of Decemb. Anno Dom. 1635. the late Northern Army.
in the time of full peace, did in That he neither gave ſentence
the ſaid Realm of Ireland, give nor procured it againſt the Lord
and procure to be given againſt Mount-Norris, but only deſired
the Lord Mount-Norris (then juſtice againſt the Lord for ſome
and yet a Peer of Ireland, and affront done to him as he was
then Vice-treaſurer and receiver Depury of Ireland.
general of the Realm of Ireland, That the ſaid Lord was judg-
and one of the principal Secreta- ed by a Councel of Warre,
ries of State, and Keeper of the wherein he fat bare all the time,
Privy Signet of the ſaid King- and gave no ſuffrage againſt
dome) a ſentence of death by a him ; that alſo to evidence him-
Councel of War called together ſelf a party, he cauſed his bro-
by the faid Earl of Strafford, ther Sir George Wentworth, in re-
without any warrant or authori- gard of the ncereneſſe of bloud,
ty of Law, or offence deſerving to decline all acting in the pro-
any ſuch puniſhment. And he ceffe.
the ſaid Earl did alſo at Dublin Laſtly, though the Lord
within the ſaid Realm of Ireland, Mount-Norris juftly deſerved to
in the moneth of March in die, yet he obtained his pardon
the 14. year of his Majeſties from the King.
Reign, without any legall or
due proceedings or tryall, give
or cauſe to be given, a ſentence
of death againſt one other of his
Majeſtics ſubjects, whoſe name
is yet unknown, and cauſed him
to be put to death in execution
of the ſaid ſentence.
dolog
VI. That
G
The

226
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
March go.
Ann. Chrifti
VI.
The Earls Reply
1641.
That the faid Earl of Strafford That he conceived the Lord
without any legal proceedings, Mount-Norris was legally dive-
and upon a paper Petition of ſted of his poſſeſſions, there being
Richard Rolſtone, did cauſe the a ſuite long depending in Chan-
ſaid Lord Mount-Norris to be cery, and the Plaintiff complai-
diffeiſed and put out of poffeffi- ning of delay, he upon the
on of his frec-hold and inheri- Complainants Petition called
tance of his Mannor and Tymore unto him the Maſter of the
in the County of Armagh, in Rolles, Lord Chancellor, and
the Kingdome of Ireland, the Lord Chief Fuſtice of the com-
faid Lord Mount-Norris having mon pleas, and upon proofs in
been two years before in quiet Chancery decreed for the Plain-
poffeffion thereof.
tiff. Wherein he ſaid he did no
more, then what other Deputies
had done before him.
VII.
- The Earls Reply,
That the ſaid Earl of Straf-
That the Lord Dillon with
ford, in the Terme of Holy others producing his Patent ac-
Trinity, in the 13. year of his cording to a Proclamation on
now Majeſties reign, did cauſe the behalf of his Majeſty, the
a caſe commonly called the caſe faid Patent was queſtionable,
of Tenures upon defective titles, upon which a caſe was drawn
to be made and drawn up with and argued by Councel, and the
out any jury or tryal, or other Judges delivered their opinions.
legal procefſe, and without the But the Lord Dillon or any o-
conſent of parties, and did then ther, was not bound thereby,
procure the Judges of the ſaid nor put out of their poſſeſſions,
Realm of Ireland to deliver but might have traverſt the of
their opinions and reſolutions fice, or otherwiſe have legally
to that cafe, and by colour of ſuch proceeded, notwithſtanding the
opinions, did without any legal faid opinion.
proceeding, cauſe Thomas Lörd
Dillon, a Peer of the faid
Realm of Ireland, to be put
out of po efſion of divers Lands
and Tenements, being his frec-
hold in the County of Mago and
Roſecomen, in the ſaid King-
dome, and divers others of his
Majeſties ſubjects to be alſo put
out of poffeffion, and diſeiſed
of
The

The Reign of King Charles.
227
of their free-hold by colour of
the ſame reſolution, without
legal proceedings, wherby many
hundreds of his Majelties ſub-
je&s were undone and their fa-
milies uterly ruined.
Ann. Cbrifti
1641.
VIII.
The Earls Reply
March 31,
That the ſaid Earl of Strafford That true it is he had voted
upon a Petition exhibited in againſt the Lady Hibbots, and
October, 1635. by Thomas Hib- thought he had reaſon fo to do,
bots againſt dame Mary Hibboss the ſaid Lady being diſcovered,
widow, to him the faid Earl of by fraud and circumvention, to
Strafford, recommended the ſaid have bargained for Lands of a
Petition to the Councel Table of great value, for a ſmall ſum.
Ireland, where the moſt part of And he denied that the faid
thç Courcel gave their vote Lands were after ſold to his uſe,
and opinion for the ſaid Lady, or that the major part of the
but the ſaid Earl finding faule Councel Board voted for the
herewith, cauſed an order to be Lady; the contrary appearing
entred againſt the ſaid Lady, and by the ſentence under the hand
thrcatned her, that if ſhe refuſed of the Clerk of the Councel :
to ſubmit thereunto, he would which being truc, he might well
imprifon her, and fine her five threaten her with Cómitment in
hundred pound that if the conti- caſe the diſobeyed the ſaid order.
nued obftinate, hewould continue Laſtly, were it true that he were
her impriſonment, and double criminal therein, yet were the
her fine every month by month, offence buc a miſdemeanour, no
whereof (be was enforced to re- trcaſon,
linquiſh her eſtate in the Land
queſtioned in the ſaid Petition,
which fhortly was conveyed
to Sir Robert Meredeth, to
the uſe of the ſaid Earl of Straf
ford.
3*Voustab
risis on voolab
And the ſaid Earlin like maniers
ner did impriſon divers others of
his Majeſties ſubjects upon pre-
tence of diſobedience to his or-
ders and decrees, and other ille-
gal commands by him made for 23 indir
pretended debes, ticles of Lands,
-o: gnis
and other caufes in an arbitrary sur. sex! 10 vuo
and les
G92
The

228
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
April 1.
Ann. Chrifti and extrajudicial courſe, upon
1641.
Paper Petitions to him prefer-
red, and no other cauſe legally
depending.
IX,
The Earls Reply.
That the ſaid Earl of Strafford That ſuch Writs had been
the 16. day of Feb, in the 12. uſually granted by former De-
year of his now Majeſties reign, puties to Biſhops in Ireland;
affuming to himſelf a power nevertheleffe, being not fully fa-
above and againſt Law, took tisfyed with the convenience
upon him by a general Warrant thereof, he was ſparing in gran-
under his hand, to give power to ting of them, untill being infor-
the Lord Biſhop of Down, and med that divers in the Dio-
Connor his Chancellor, or Chan. ceffe of Down were ſomewhat
cellors, and their ſeveral Officers refractary, he granted Warrants
thereto to be appointed, to at- to that Biſhop, and hearing of
tarch and Arreft the Bodies of ſome diſorders in the execution,
all ſuch of the meaner and poor- he called them in again.
er ſort, who after citation ſhould
either refuſe to appear before
them, or appearing thould omir,
or deny to performe, or undergo
all lawful decrees, ſentences, and
orders if ned, impoſed or given out
against them, and them to commit
and keep in the next Gaole untill
they ſhould either performe ſuch
ſentences, or put in ſufficient
Bail to fhew ſome reaſon before
the Councel Table, of ſuch their
contempt and neglect, and the
ſaid Earl, the day and year
laſt mentioned, ſigned and
iſſued a Warrant to that effect,
and made the like Warrant to
ſend all other Biſhops and their
Chancellors in the ſaid Realm2.11 andit nisi era
of Ireland tothe ſame effect. to auto 21v qilis
-519 nocnafaida acida M
X.
The Earls reply.
oli trisobre21096
April 2,
That the ſaid Earl of Strafford That his Intereſt in the Cu-
being Lord Lieutenant, 'or De-ſtomes of Ireland accrued to him
puty of Ireland, procared the bys the affignation of a Leafe
"C#tomes bas
from

The Reign of King Charles.
229
Cuſtomes of the Merchandiſe ex- from the Ducheſſe of Bucking. An. Chrifti
ported out, and imported into that ham: that the book of Rates, 1641.
Realm to be farmed to his own by which the Cuſtomes were
uſe.
gathered, was the ſame which
was eſtabliſhed by the Lord De-
And in the ninth year of his puty Faulkland, Anno 1628.
now Majeſties Reign, he having ſome years before he was im.
then intereſt in the ſaid Cu- ployed thither. That as he hath
ſtomes to advance his own gain been juſt and faithful to his Ma-
and lucre) did cauſe and procure fter the King, by encreaſing his
the pative commodities of Ire- Revenue; lo hath he alſo much
land, to be rated in the book of bettered the Trade, and ſhipping
Rates for the Cuſtomes (ac- l of that Kingdome.
cording to which the Cuſtomes
were uſually gathered ) ar far
greater values and prices, then
in truth they were worth; (that
is to ſay ) every hide at 20.
fhillings, which in truth was
worth but five ſhillings, every
ſtone of Wooll at thirteen ſhil-
lings fourpence, though the
ſame ordinarily were worth but
five ſhillings, at the utmoſt but
nine ſhillings; by which means
the Cuſtome which before was
bur a twentyeth part of the true
value of the commodity, was
be
linhanced ſometimes ro à fifth
part, and ſometimes to a fourth,
ſometimes to a third part of the
true value, to the great opprefſi.
on of the ſubjects, and decay of
Merchandiſe
XI.
- The Earles Reply.
ar
That the ſaid Earl, in the That Pipe-ſtaves were prohi-
ninth year of his now Majeſties ted in King Fames his time, and
Reign, did by his own will and nor exported but by licenče, pay-
pleaſure, and for his own lucre ing 6 s. 8 d. a thouſand, and that
reſtrain the exportation of the he had not raiſed ſo much there-
commodities of that Kingdome by to himſelf, as his predeceffors
without his licence, as namely had done for ſuch licences,
Pipe-staves, and other commorbirer ydest
dities, and then raiſed great -- m bia sda 20159 on suban
fums
The

230
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Cbrifii
ſums of moncy for licenſing of
cxportation of thoſe commodi-
1641. ties, and diſpenſation of the ſaid
reſtraints impoſed on them, by
which means the Pipe-ſtaves
were raiſed from four pound ten
fhillings, or five pound per
thouſand, to ten pound, and
ſometimes cleven pound per
thouſand: and other commodities
were inhanced in she like pro-
portion, and by the ſame means by
him the ſaid Earl.
XII.
The Earls Reply.
That the ſaid Earl being Lord That before his time the
Deputy of Ireland, on the ninth King had but 10. or 30.1. per
day of Fran, in the thirteenth annum for that Cuſtome, which
year of his Majeſties Reign, did now yeelded 20000. I. For the
then under colour to regulate Proclamation, it was not ſer our
the importation of Tobacco into by his means principally, or for
the ſaid Realm of Ireland, iffue his private benefit, but by con-
a Proclamation in his Majeſtics fent of the whole Councell. The
name, prohibiting the importa- prices of Tobacco not exceeding
tion of Tobacco without licence two ſhillings the pound. And
of him and the Councell, therc- this he conceives cannot be
from and after the firſt day of made creaſon, were all the Ar-
May, Anno Dom. 1638. After ticle granted, but only a Mono-
which reſtraint, the ſaid Earl, poly, for which he was to be
notwithſtanding the ſaid refined.
ſtraint, cauſed divers great
quantiries of Tobacco to be im-
ported to his own uſe, and
fraighted divers ſhips with To-
bacco, which he imported to
his own uſe and that if any ſhip
brought Tobacco into any Port od
there, the ſaid Earl and his wou ek 15 (kunin
Agents uſed to buy the fame tolong di wo ein bib giant
his own ufc, at their own price. ad voor CPU
And if that sbe oponers refuſed to 10 11 10 VASO!
les bims have the fame at møden tots Ash to do tibotoa
values, then they were pot gel
mitted to vent the famoczby which on ou
undue means the ſaid Earl ha-
olist
ving laman
The

The Reign of King Charles.
231
Ann. Chriſti
ving gotten the whole Trade of
Tobacco into his own hands, he
fold it at great and exceffive pri-
ces, ſuch as he lift to impoſe for
his own profit.
1641.
And the more to aſſure the
ſaid Monopoly of Tobacco, he the
ſaid Earl on the 23. day of Feb,
in the 13. year aforeſaid, did
iſſue another Proclamation ;
commanding that none ſhould
pur to fale any Tobacco by
whole-fale, from and after the
laſt day of May, then next fol-
lowing, but what ſhould be made
up into Rols, and the ſame ſealed
with two ſeales by himſelf ap-
pointed, one at each end of the
Roll. And ſuch as was not
ſealed to be feiſed, appointing
fix pence the pound for a reward
to ſuch perſons as ſhould feiſe
the fame: and the perſons in
whoſe cuſtody the unſealed To-
bacco ſhould be found to be
committed to Gaole: which laſt
Proclamation was covered by
a pretence of the reſtraining of
the ſale of unwholeſome Tobac-
co, but it was truely to advance
the faid Monopoly.
Which Proclamation the ſaid
Earl did rigorouſly put in exe-
cution, by ſeifing the goods,
fining, impriſoning, whipping,
and putting the offenders againſt
the fame Proclaination on the
pillory, as namely,Barnaby Hub-
bard, Edward Covena, Fon
Tumen, and divers others : and
made the Officers of State, and
Juſtices of Peace, and other Of-
ficers to ſerve him in compafling
and executing theſe unjuſt and
undue courſes. By which cruel-
tics

232
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti ties and unjuſt Monopolies, the
1641.
ſaid Earl raiſed 100000. pounds
per annum gain to himſelf. And
yer the ſaid Earl, though he in-
hanced the Cuſtomes, where it
concerned the Merchants in ge-
neral, yet drew down the impoſt
formerly taken on Tobacco,
from fix pence the pound to
three pence the pound, it being
for his own profit ſo to do. And
the ſaid Earl, by the fame, and
other rigorous and undue means
raiſed ſeverall other Monopo-
lies and unlawfull exactions for
his own gain, viz: on Starch,
Iron pots, Glaffes, Tobacco
pipes, and ſeveral other com-
modities.
XIII.
The Earls reply.
April 3.
That Flax being one of the That he did endevour to ad-
principal and native Commodi- vance the manufacture of lin-
ties of that Kingdom of Ireland, nen, rather then of woollen, be-
the ſaid Earl having gotten cauſe the laſt would be the grea-
great quantities thereof into his ter detriment to England. That
hands, and growing on his own the Primate of Ireland, the
Lands, did iftuc out ſeveral Pro- Archbiſhop of Dublin, Chan-
clamations, viz. one dated the cellor Loftus, and the Lord
one and twentieth day of May, Mount-Norris,al of the Councel,
in the eleventh of his Majeſties and ſubſcribers of the Proclama-
reign, and the other dated the tion, were as liable to the charge
one and thirtieth of January, in as himſelf. That the reducing of
the ſame year, thereby preſcri- that Nation by orders of the
bing and enjoyning the working Councel Board to the Engliſh
of Flax into Yarne and Thread, Cuſtomes from their more ſa-
and the ordering of the fame in vage uſages, as drawing horſes
ſuch wayes, wherein the Natives by their tailes, &c. had
been of
of that Kingdome were unpra- former practiſe: that the project
ctiſed and unskilful: wbich Pro- was of ſo il avail to him as he was
clamations ſo iſſued, were, by the worſe for the manufacture
his Commands and Warrants thirty thouſand pounds at leaſt,
to his Majeſtics Juſtices of by the loome he had fer up at his
Peace, and other Officers, and own charge.
by other rigorous means, pur in
execution 1
The

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
233
Ann. Chriſti
1641.
cxecution and the Flax wrought
or ordered in other manner then
as the ſaid Proclamation preſcri-
bed, was ſeiſed and employed to
che uſe of him and his agents,
and thereby the ſaid Earl ende-
voured to gain, and did gain in
effect the fole ſale of that native
commodity.
The XIV. Article was not
urged.
XV.
The Earls Reply.
That the ſaid Earl of Strafford That nothing hath been more
trayterouſly and wickedly devi- ordinary in Ireland, then for the
ſed and contrived by force of Governours to put all manner
Armes in a warlike manner to of ſentences in execution by the
ſubdue the Subjects of the ſaid help of ſouldiers, that Grandifon,
Realm of Ireland, to bring them Falkland, Chichester, and other
under his tyrannical power and Deputies frequently did it.
will, and in purſuance of his Sir Arthur Tening ham to this
wicked and trayterous purpoſes point depoſed, that in Falklands
aforeſaid, the ſaid Earl of Straf- time be knew 20. Soudiers affeßed
ford in the eighth year of his upon one mar, for refaling to pay
Majeſties reign, did by his own fixteen ſhillings ] That his in-
authority, without any warrant ftructions for executing his
or colour of Law, tax and im- Commiſſion were the ſame with
poſe great ſums of mony upon thoſe formerly given to the
the Towns of Baltemore, Bau- Lord Falkland, and that in both
denbridge, Talowe, and divers o- there is expreffe warrant for it.
ther Townes and places in the That no teſtimony produced a-
ſaid Rcalm of Ireland, and did gainſt him doth evidently prove
cauſe the ſame to be levied upon he gave any warrant to that ef-
the Inhabitants of thoſe Townes fect, and that Serjant Savill
by troopes of Souldiers, with fhowed only the Copy of a war-
force and armes, in a warlike rant, not the Original it felf,
manner. And on the ninth day which he conceived could not
of March, in the twelfth year of make faith in caſe of life and
his now Majeſties raigne, tray- death in that high Court; eſpe.
terouſly did give authority unto cially it being nor averred ypon
Robert Savill a Serjeant at Oath to agree with the Origi-
armes, and to the Captains of nal), which ſhould be upon rc-
the companies of fouidiers, in cord. That he conceived he
ſeverall parts of that Realm, to was for an Iriſh cuſtome to
Hh
be
fend le

234
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
ſend ſuch numbers of Souldiers | be tryed by the Peers of that
1641.
co lie on the Lands and Houſes Kingdome.
of ſuch as would nor conforme
to his orders, untill they ſhould
render obedience to his faid
orders and warrants, and after
ſuch fubmiffion (and not before)
the faid Souldiers to return to
their Garriſons. And did alſo
iſſue the like warrants unco di-
vers others, which warrants were
in warlike manner, with force
and Armes put in execution
accordingly, and by ſuch war-
like means did force divers of
his Majeſtics ſubjects of that
Realm to ſubmit themſelves to
his unlawful commands.
And in the ſaid twelfth year
of his Majeſtics reign, the ſaid
Earl of Strafford did trayte-
rouſly cauſe certain troops of
horſe and foot, armed in warliko
manner, and in warlike array,
with force and arınes, to expell
Richard Butler from the poffefd-
on of Caſtle-cumber in the Terri-
tory of Idough, in the ſaid realm
of Ireland, and did likewiſe and
in like warlıke manner, expell
divers of his Majeſtics Subjects
from their houſes, families, and
pofleffions, as namely Edward
Brenman, Owen oberman, Pa.
trick Obermar, Sir Cyprian Hors-
field, and divers others, to the
number of about a hundred fa-
milies, and took and impriſoned
them and their wives, and car-
ried chem priſoners to Dublin,
and there detained them untill
they did yecld up, ſurrender, or
relcaſe their reſpective cftateş
and rights,
Globe
o be
erung
And

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
235
Am. Cbrifti
1641.
And the ſaid Earl, in like
warlike manner, hath, during his
government of the ſaid Kingdom
of Ireland, fubdued divers others
of his Majeſties Subjects eaſe to
his wil, and thereby and by sbe
means aforeſaid, hath levied W4r
within the ſaid Realm, againft
his Majeſty and bis liege people of
that Kingdome,
Teſtifyed by Serjant Savil.
UV
This Article pinch the Earl ſo cloſe, as notwithſtanding his
Anſwer, the Commons thought the cvidence ſo ſtrong againſt
him, and were ſo confident that the fact was Treaſon, as they were
very deſirous to proceed to vote upon that very point ; but the
Lords withdrawing, returned anſwer that they could not agree to
it, but deſired them to go on to the remaining Articles.
XVI.
The Earls Reply
That the ſaid Earl of Straf That the Deputy Falkland April 5,
ford, the two and twentieth of had ſet out the ſame Proclama-
February, in the ſeventh ycar of tion. That the ſame reſtraint was
his now Majeſties reign, inten- contained in the Statute of 35.
ding to oppreſſe the ſaid Sub- of Hen. 6. upon which the Pro-
jects of Ireland, did make a clamation was founded. That
propofition, and obtained from he had the Kings expreſſe war-
his Majeſty an allowance, that rant for the Proclamațion, That
no complaint of injuſtice or op- he had alſo power to do it by the
prchion done in Ireland, ſhould Commiſſion granted him, and
be received in England againſt that the Lords of the Councel
any, unleſfc it firſt appeared and three Juſtices not anly yçel-
that the party made firſt his ad- ded, but preſed him unto ir.
dreſſe to him the ſaid Earl: and That it was done upon juſt cauſc,
the ſaid Earl having by ſuch for, had the Ports been open,
uſurped tyrannical and exorbi- divers would have taken liberty
tant power, expreſſed in the for- to go to Spain;to Doway, Rhemes,
mer Articles deſtroyed the Peers or St. Owers, which might have
and other fubje&s of that King- proved of miſchievous conſc-
dome of Ireland, in their lives, quence to the State. That the
conſciences, land, liberties, and Earl of D' Eſmond ſtood, at the
eſtates, the ſaid Earl to the in, time of his reſtraint, charged
tent the better to maintain and with Treaſon before the Coun-
ſtrengthen
Hh2
cal

236
Ibe Reign of King Charles.
Ann Chriſti
ſtrengthen his power, and to cel of Ireland, for practiſing a-
bring the people into a diſaf- gainſt the life of one Sir valen-
tection of his Majeſty as afore- | tine Ceke. Thar the Lord Rock
faid, did uſe his Majeſties name was then a priſoner for debt in
in the execution of his ſaid pow- the Caſtle of Dublin, and there-
er. And to prevent the ſubjects fore incapable of a licence. That
of that Realm of all means of Purry was nor fined for coming
complaints to his Majeſty, and over without licence, but for
of redreſſe againſt him and his ſeveral contempts againſt the
agents, did iſſue a Proclamation Councel-board in Ireland, and
bearing date the ſeventeenth day that in his ſentence he had but
of September, in the eleventh only a caſting voice, as the Lord
year of his Majeſties reign, Keeper in the Star-chamber.
thereby commanding all the
Nobility, undertakers and o-
thers, who held eſtates and offia di
ces in the ſaid Kingdome (ex-"ove 4:350g
cept ſuch as were employed in his banner
Majeſties ſervice, or atcendinglin otro son lobud
England by his ſpecial com-
mand) to make their perſonal re-
ſidence in the ſaid Kingdome of
Ireland, and not to depart
thence without licence of him- Arizona
felf. And the ſaid Earl hath on VU DA
fince iſſued other Proclamations
to the ſame purpoſe, by means, T
whereof the ſubjects of the faiddir:
Realm are reſtrained from fcek-
ing relief againſt the oppreſſions 1971 asid
of the ſaid Earl without his
licence: which Proclamation the
ſaid Earl hath by ſeveral rigo-lon
rous wayes, as by fine, impri- niss
ſonment, and otherwiſe, put in
execution on his Majesties ſub.
jects, as namely, one
Parry, and others, who came
over only to complain of the ex- doa bere
Dit boque
orbitances and oppreſſions of the bottines
faid Earl.
Teftifyed by the Earl of De-
mond, the Lord Roch, Marcantec,
and Parry.
The
The

2The
Reign of King Charles.
2237
on.
T 250i biayag 200 Ann. Cbrift
The XVII. and XVIII. ban on 26 i 50 1641.
Articles were not inſiſted up-nidan o'rin tur apaidsub
bilato olbori za
Festab bns eQuick silitoad
XIX.
90 - The Earls Reply.
ou de cogu hobits by boty
That the ſaid Earl having his That the Oath was not vio-
taxed and levied the ſaid im- ently enjoyned by him upon the
poſitions, and raiſed the ſaid Iriſh Scots, bur framed in com-
Monopolies, and committed the pliance with their own expreffe
laid oppreffions in his Majeſtics Petition which Petition is owned
name, and as by his Majeſties in the Proclamation, as the main
Royal command, he the ſaid impulſive to it. That the ſame
Earl in May the fifteenth year Oath nor long after was pre-
of his Majeſtics reign, did of his fcribed by the Councel af sing
own authority contrive and land. That he had a letter un-
frame a new and unuſual oath, der his Majeſties own hand,
by the purport whereof, among ordering it to be preſcribed as a
many other things, the party touch-ſtone of their fidelity,
taking the ſaid oath, was to Asto the greatneffe of the fine
ſwear that he ſhould not proteſt impoſed upon Steward, and o-
againſt any of his Majeſties thers, he conceived it was not
Royal commands, but ſubmit more then the heinouſnelſe of
themſelves in all obedience their offence deſerved yet had
thereunto. Which oath he ſo they petitioned, and fubmitted
contrived to enforce the ſame the next day, that would wholly
on the ſubjects of the Scottiſh have been remitted, 002
Nation inhabiting in Ireland,
and out of a hatred to the faid
Nation, and to put them to a
diſcontent with his Majeſtie 11. foron
and his government there, and
compelled divers of his Maje-ovom
fties ſaid ſubjects there to take
the ſaid oath; ſome he grievouſly
fined and impriſoned, and others ha
he deſtroyed and exiled, and
namely, the 10. of October, Ann. budidal 300
Dom. 1639. he fined Henry
Steward and his wife, who reino
fuſed to take the ſaid oath; five
ed
thouſand pounds a peece, and
their two daughters and Frames
Gray three thouſand pounds a
pecce; and impriſoned them for
The
1
not

238 I be Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti not paying the ſaid fines. The
1641.
ſaid Henry Stewards wife and 2 II VXi
daughters,and Frames Gray,being ou bien r son swem
the Kings lege people of the
Scotiſh Nation, and divers O-
thers he uſed in the like manner;
and the ſaid Earl upon that oc-
cafion did declare, that the ſaid fast
oath did not only oblige them in
1 : ĐI XE
point of allegiance to his Ma b.
jeſty, and acknowledgement of basiccato mo
his ſupremacy only, but to the t.M ai naudinasin
Ceremonies and Government to VI ad
of the Church eſtabliſeed, or to
be eſtabliſhed by his Majeſtics
royal Authority; and faid, that
the refuſers to obey, he would
viuno
profccute to the bloud.
X X.0 ron 1.9
That the ſaid Earlin the 15.47 - The Earls Reply.
and 16. years of his Majeſties
reign, and divers ycars paſt, That he called all the Scotiſh
laboured and endevoured to be- | Nation Traitors and Rebels, no
get in his Majeſtic an ill opinion one proof is produced, and
of his Subjects, namely thoſe of though he is haſty in fpeech, yet
the Scotiſh Nation, and divers was he never ſo defe&ive of
and ſundry tiines, and eſpecially reaſon, as to ſpeak ſo like a mad
ſince the pacificat on made by his | man: for he knew well his Ma-
Majeſty with his faid ſubjects of jeſty was a native of that King-
Scotland in ſummer, in the 15. dome, and was confident many
year of his Majeſtics reignzhe the of that Nation were of as he-
ſaid Earl did labour & cndevour roique Spirits, and as faithful
ea perſwade, incite, and provoke and loyal ſubjects as any the
his Majeſty to an offenſive war King had. As to the other words
againſt his faid ſubjcds of the of rooting out the Scots both Root
Scotiſh Nation: and the ſaid and Branch, he conceives a ſhort
Earl, by his counſell, a&tions, reply may ſerve, they being
and endevours, hath bocn and is proved by a ſingle teſtimony
a chief incendiary of the war only, which can make no fuffi-
and diſcord between his Majelty cient faith in caſe of life. Again,
and his Subje&s of England, the witneſſe was very much
and the ſaid Subjects of Scot miſtaken, if not worſe, for he de-
land, and hath declared, and poſeth that theſe words were
adviſed his Majeſty, that the ſpoken the tenth day of October
demand made by the Scots in in Ireland, whereas he was able
to
this for

The Reign of King Charles.
239
this Parliament were a ſuffici-| to evidence, he was at that time Ann, Christ
ent cauſe of war againſt them in England, and had been ſo neer) 1641,
The faid Earl having formerly a month before,
expreſſed the height and rancor
of his minde towards his ſubjects
of the Scoriſh Nation, viz. the
tenth day of getober, in the fif-
teenth year of his Majeſtics
reign, he ſaid that the Nation of
the Scots were Rebels, and
Traytors; and he being then
about to come to England, he
then further ſaid, that if it plea-
ſed his Maſter(meaning his Ma
jefty) to ſend him back again, hç
would root out of the ſaid King-
dome ( meaning the Kingdome
of Ireland) the Scotiſh Nation
both root and branch: Some
Lords, and others who had ta-
ken the faid oath in the precedent
Article only excepted. And the
ſaid Earl hath cauſed divers of
the ſaid Ships and goods of the
Scots to be ſtayed, ſetſed ,
and moleſted, to the intent to ſet
on the ſaid War, vidio
The XXI. and XXII. Ar-
xicles were not urged.
ter
XXIII.
The Earles Reply
That upon the thirteenth day
That he was not the princi.
of April laſt, the Parliament of pal cauſe of diffolving the laſt
England met, and the Com- Parliament, for before he came
mons Houſę (then being the to the Councel Table, it was
repreſentative Body of all the voted by the Lords to demand
Commons in the Kingdom) did 12, Subfidies, and that Sir Henry
according to the truſt repoſed in Vane was ordered to demand no
them, enter into debate and con- leſſe; but he coming in the in
fideration of the great grievan- terim, he perſwaded the Lords
ces of this Kingdome, both in to yote it again, declaring to his
reſpect of Religion, and the Majeſty (then preſent) and them,
publick Libertie of the King- the danger of the breach of the
dome; and his Majeſty referring Parliament; whereupon įr was
chicfly
again

240
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
chiefly to the ſaid Earl of Straf. again voted, that if the Parlia-
1641.
ford, and the Archbiſhop of ment would not grant twelve
Canterbury, the ordering and Subfidies, Sir Henry ſhould de-
diſpoſing of all matters concer- ſcend to eight, and rather then
ning the Parliament: He the fail, to fix. But Sir Henry not
faid Earl of Strafford, with the obſerving his inſtructions, de-
aſſiſtance of the ſaid Archbiſhop manded twelve only, without a-
did procure his Majeſty, by ſun- batement, or going lower ; that
dry ſpeeches and meſſages, to the height of this demand urged
urge the ſaid Commons houſe to the Parliament to deny, and
enter into ſome reſolution for his their denial moved his Majeſty
Majeſtics ſupply, for mainte- to diſſolve the Parliament, fo
nance of his war againſt his that the chief occaſion of the
Subjects of Scotland, before any breach thereof, was, as he con-
courſe was taken for the relief of ceived, Sir Henry Vane. He
the great and preſſing grievan- confefſeth that at the Councel
ses, wherewith this Kingdome Table he adviſed the King to an
y as then afflicted. Whereupon, offenſive war againſt the Scots ;
11 demand was then made from But it was not untill all fair
his Majeſty, of twelve Subſidies, means to prevent a war had
for the releaſe of Ship-money been firſt attempted. Again,
only; and while the ſaid Com- others were as much for a defen-
mons then affembled (with ex- five war, and it might be as free
preſſions of great affection to his to vote one, as the other. Laſtly,
Majeſty and his ſervice) were votes at a Councel-board are but
in debate and conſideration of bare opinions; and opinions, if
ſome ſupply, before reſolution pertinaciouſly maintained, may
by them made, He the ſaid Earl make an Heretique, but never
of Sirafford, with the help and can a Traitor.
aſſiſtance of the ſaid Arch-
biſhop, did procure his Majeſty
to diſſolve the laſt Parliament,
upon the fifth day of May laſt:
and upon the ſame day, the faidsb
Earl of Strafford did treache-
roufly, falſely, and maliciouſly
endevour to incenſe his Majeſty
nols)Hanom
againſt his loving and faithfuil bola violon
sa ca anomeno
Subjects, who had been mem-
tumot os gaibrood
bers of the ſaid Houſe of Com-
odobno
mons, by telling his Majeſty,
they had denied to ſupply him.
to a noiteto
And afterward upon the fame,
foigilo obogan
did treacherouſly and wickedly
counſel and adviſс his Majeſty
to this effect, viz. That having
The
och
nobondo
2
tryed

I be Reign of King Charles.
141
An. Chrifti
1641.
tryed the affections of his people,
be was looſe and abſolved from go
all Rules of government, and was someone
to de cuery thing that power
would admit, and that his P111313
Majeſty had tryed all wayes, and
was refuſed, and ſhould be acat 3u1 S
quitted both of God and man, andel Bount itin
ihat he had an Army in Ireland bits oriebora
(meaning the Army above men- ode to ensuis bibe
tioned, conſiſting of Papiſts, att
his dependents, as is aforclaid 1 tot
which he might imploy to reduce
this Kingdome to obedience.
The XIV. Article not
urged.
Ple માં
XV.
VIVA
The Earls reply.
That not long after the diſſo That there was a preſent ner
lurion of the ſaid laft Parliament ceflity for money, that all the
(vi: In the months of May and Councel-board had vored with,
Fune) he the ſaid Earl of Straf- yea before, him. That there was
ford did adviſe the King to go then a ſentence in the Star-
on rigorouſly in levying of the chamber upon the opinion of all
Ship-money, and did procure the Judges, for the legality of
the Sheriffes of ſeveral Counties the Tax of Shipmoney, and he
to be ſent for, for not levying thought he might adviſe the
the Ship-money,divers of which King to take, what the Judges
were threatned by him to be had declared was by law his
ſued in the Star-chamber ; and own. He confeſſed that upon
afterwards by his advice were refuſal of ſo juſt a ſervice, the
ſued in the Star-chamber, for better to quicken the Citizens
not levying the ſame ; and divers to the payment of Shipmoney,
of his Majeſtics loving ſubjects he ſaid, they deſerved to be
were ſent for and impriſoned by fined. Which words might per-
his advice, about that and other haps be incircumſpectly delive-
illegall payments.
1219 red, but he conceives cannot a-
And a great loan of a hundred mount to treaſon, eſpecially
thouſand pounds was demanded when no ill conſequence follow-
of the City of London, and the ed upon them; and it would ren-
Lord Maior and the Aldermen der men in a fad condition, if
and the Sheriffes of the ſaid for every hafty word, or opini-
City, were often ſent for by his on given in Councel,they fhould
advicc
be

242
The Reign of King Charles.
advice to the Councel Table, be ſentenced as Traitors. But
Ann. Chrifti
1641.
to give an account of their pro- that he ſaid it were well for the
ceedings in raiſing of Ship-mo- Kings ſervice, if ſome of the Al-
ney, and furthering of that loan, dermen were banged up, he
and were required to certifie the utterly denieth. Nor is it proved
names of ſuch Inhabitants of the by any, but Alderman Garway,
ſaid City as were fic to lend, who is at beſt but a ſingle teſti-
which they with much humility mony, and therefore no ſuffici-
refuſing to do, he the ſaid Earl of ent evidence in caſe of lifc.
Strafford did uſe theſe or the like
ſpeeches: vim. That they deſer-
ved to be put to Fine and Ranſom,
and that no good would be done
with them, till an example were
made of them, and that ihey were
laid by the heels, and feme of
the Aldermen hanged up.
be
XXVI.
The Earls reply.
That the ſaid Earl of Straf That he expected ſome proofs
ford by his wicked counſel ha- to evidence the two firſt parti-
ving brought his Majeſty into culars, but hears of none. For
exceſſive charges without any the following words, he confef-
juſt cauſe, he did in the month fod, probably they might eſcape
of Fuly laſt (for the ſupport of the door of his lips. Nor did
the ſaid great charges) counſel he think it much amiſſe, con-
and approve two dangerous and fidering their preſent posture,
wicked Projects: viz.T
to call that faction Rebels. As
for the laſt words objected a-
To ſeiſc upon the Bullion and gainſt him in thar Article, he
the Money in the Mint. laid that being in conference
with ſome of the Londoners,
And to imbaſc his Majeſties there came to his hands at that
Coin with the mixtures of inſtant a letter from the Earl of
Brafle.
Leiceſter, then at Paris, wherein
were the Gazets incloſed, rela-
And accordingly he procured ting that the Cardinal had given
one hundred and thirty thou- order to lcvie money by Souldi-
fand pounds, which was then in ers. This he only told the Lord
the Mint, and belonging to di- Cottington ſtanding by, but
vers Merchants, ſtrangers and made not the leaſt application
others, to be fciſed on and ſtayed thereof to the Engliſh affaires.
to his Majeſties uſe. And when
divers Merchants of London,
owners of the ſaid Bullion,came yeye
to
The

Tbe Reign of King Charles.
243
Ann. Cbrifti
1641.
STA
to his houſe to let him under-
ſtand the great miſchief that
courſe would produce here, and
in other parts, whar prejudice itdo si
would be to the Kingdome, by
diſcrediting the Mint, and hin-
dring the importation of Bulli-
on: he the ſaid Earl told them,
that the City of London dealt
undutifully and unthankfully
with his Majeſty, and that they
were more ready to help the
Rebel, then to help his Majeſty:
and that if any hurt came to
them, they might thank them.
ſelves:and that it was the courſe
of other Princes, to make uſe of
ſuch monies to ſerve their occa-
fions.
butto
And when in the ſame month
of Fuly the Officers of his Ma-
jefties Mint came to him, and
gave him divers reaſons againſt
the imbaſing of the ſaid moncy,
he told them that the French
King did uſe to ſend Commiffa-
ries of Horſe with Commiſſion
to ſearch into mens eſtates, and
to peruſc their accompts, thar ſo
they may know what to levic
of them by force, which they
did accordingly levie: and tur-
ning to the Lord Cottington
then preſent, ſaid, That this was
a point worthy his Lordſhips con-
fideration. We
XXVII. -
The Earls Reply. 101
That in or about the month That his Majeſty coming to
of Anguft laft he was made York, it was thought neceflary,
Lieutenant general of all his in regard the enemy was upon
Majeſties forces in the Nor- the borders, to keep the Trained-
thern parts againſt the Scots, bands on foot for defence of
and being at Tork did in the the County: and therefore
month
Ii 2
the

244
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Cbrifti
month of September by his own / the King directed him to write
authority, and without any law- to the Freeholders in Yorkſhire,
1641. full warrant, impoſed a Tax on to declare what they would do
his Majeſties ſubjects in the fortheir own defence, that they
County of Tork, of 8. d. per freely offered a months pay,
diem, for maintenance of every nor did any man grudge againſt
Souldier of the Trained-bands it. Again it was twice propoum-
of that County, which ſums of ded to the great Councel of
money he cauſed to be levyed Peers at York, that the King ap-
by force. And to the end to proved it as a juſt and necef-
compel his Majeſties ſubjeéts lary Act,and none of the Coun-
put of fear and terrour to yeeld fel contradicted it, which he con-
to the payment of the fame. Heceived feemed a racit allowance
did declare that he would com- of it. That though his Majeſty
mit them that refuſed the pay- had not given him ſpecial order
ment thereof, and the Souldiers therein, nor the Gentry had de-
ſhould be ſatisfied out of their fired it, yet he conceived he had
eſtates, and they that refuſed it, power enough to impoſe that
were in very little better condi- Tax by virtue of his Commif-
tion then of high Treaſon.
fion. But he never ſaid that
the refuſers ſhould be guilty of
little leſſe then high Treaſon,
which being proved by Sirwilli-
am Ingram, he was but a ſingle
teſtimony,and one who had for-
merly miſtaken himſelf in what
he had depoſed.
XXVIII.
The Earls Reply.
That in the months of Sep That he admired how in the
tember and October laſt,he the ſaid third Article he being charged
Earl of Strafford being certified as an incendiary againſt the
of the Scotiſh Army coming in- Scats, is now in this Article
to the Kingdome, and he the made their confederate, by be-
ſaid Earl of Strafford being traying New caſtle into their
Lieutenant general of his Ma- hands. But to anſwer more par-
jefties Army, did not provide ticularly he ſaid, that there was
for the defence of the Town of at New-caſtle the 24. of Auguſt
Newcaſtle as he ought to have 10 or 12000. foot, and two
done, but ſuffered the fame to thoufand horſe, under the com-
be loſt, that fo he might the mand of the Lord Conway, and
moreincenſe the Engliſh againſt | Sir Facob Aſtly, and that Sirfa-
the Scots. And for the ſame cob had written to him concer.
wicked purpoſe, and out of a ning the Town of New-caftle
,
malicious deſire to ingage the that it was fortifyed, which alſo
King. limo
was

Ibe Reign of King Charles.
245
Kingdomes of England and was never under his particulary Ann. Chriſti
Scotland in a National and care, and for the paſſage over 1641.
bloudy war, he did write to the the River of Tyne, his Majeſty
Lord Conway the General of the fent ſpecial directions to the
horſe, and under the ſaid Earls Lord Conway to ſecure it, and
command, that he ſhould fight therefore that Lord is more ( as
with the Scotiſh Army at the he conceives ) reſponſable for
paffage over the Tyne, what that miſcarriage then himſelf.
foever ſhould follow, notwith-
ſtanding that the ſaid Lord
Conway
had formerly by Letters
informed him the ſaid Earl, that
his Majeſties Army then under
bis command, was not of force
ſufficient to incounter the Scots,
by which advice of his, he did
contrary to the duty of his
place betray his Majeſties Ar-
my then under his command,
to apparent danger and loffe.
The Earl having thus anſwered every particular Arti-
cle againſt him, it was moved by the houſe of Commons,
that if he had any thing to ſay further in his Defence, he
ſhould do it preſently, whereupon he deſired time until the next
morning, which was though difficultly granted him. The next
morning the Houſes met, but the Lieutenant of the Tower appea-
red without his priſoner, certifying that the Earl was taken with
a terrible fit of the Stone that night, and continued ſtill ſo ill,
as he could not ftir abroad without danger of his life. The
Commons thought this excuſe but counterfeit, meerly to pro-
tract the time, but the Lords were more inclinable to credit the
relation, yet an order was agreed upon between them both, that
if the Earl came not the next day, they ſhould proceed notwith-
ftanding his dif-appearance, and that in the interim, ſome of the
Upper Houſe ſhould reſort tothe Tower to fee in what condi-
tion he was. Theſe Lords coming in the afternoon, found
nature and medicamental applications had fo far prevailed
over his diſeaſe, as gave affurance of his ability to adyen-
ture forth next day withour prejudice to his health; and what
elſe ſhould diſmay him ? for to every Article of his accuſation
he had given, as he hoped, ſo appoſite, ſo full an anſwer, as
confident he ſhould not be found culpable within the ſphear of
Treaſon, and offences of a lower orb were beneath his trepida-
tion. But whether it was that his hope elevated to the higheſt
pitch,

246 The Reign of King Charles.
the Earl,
Ann. Chriſti pitch, might minifter the more to the grandure of his fall, or
1641.
for ſome other cauſc unknown, the Commons had kept dormant,
and in reſerve, their evidence of moſt fatal and pernicious quali-
New proofes fication, which the next day April the 10. the Earl appearing at
offered againſt the Bar, they deſired liberty to produce. Then the Earl craved
the ſame freedome for himſelf, concerning ſome teſtimonies not
yet exhibited on his behalf. Upon this enſued a hot conteſt be-
twixt the two Houſes, the Lords conceiving thar by the com-
mon diſpenſation of equity, the accuſed ſhould have equal al-
lowance to ſuperinduct new proofs, as well as the acculers, or
elſe that all further teſtimony ſhould be waved on both fides.
This ſenſe of the Lords was ſo vaſtly differing from the mind
of the Commons, as up they roſe in much diſcontent, not ſo much
as appointing the day of their next meeting there. So that
Munday the 12. the Nobles and Commons fat in their diſtinct
and proper Houſes. In the Lower Mr. Pym produced a Copy
of fome notes taken by Secretary Vane, of certain opinions de-
livered at the Councel Table , May the 5. 1640. being the day
of the laſt Parliaments diffolution, the diſcovery faid to be
thus.
SecretaryVanes Secretary Vane, upon ſome occaſion, delivered to his ſonne
notes how dif- Sir Henry Vane the Key of a Cabinet, to fetch ſome papers laid
therein. In this Cabinct young Sir Henry Vane finds a key of
another Cabinct, which hc opcneth, and there accidentally lights
upon theſe notes, who preſently gives thereof an account to
coverede
Mr. Pym.
This produced a conference that afternoon with the Lords,
at which Mr. Pym re-minds the Peers of the Commons requeſt
on Saturday laſt, concerning ſome ſupplemental proofs they
deſired to offer in the Earl of Straffords cauſe; he acquainted
them that the proofs related to the 23. Article, and were founded
upon the Notes which he then - produced, and that the Com-
mons moved their Lordſhips to order that the Earl might be
ſent for the next day, to make his defence at the Bar at Weftmin-
fter-hall
. Which being condeſcended to by the Nobles, and
Aprilthe 13. the Earl appearing, the Notes were brought forth
and read, the Title whereof was;
No danger of aWar with Scotland, if Offen-
five, not Defenſive.
Then followed the Opinions interlocutory and by way of
Dialogue.
K.C.H. Hon

The Reign of King Charles.
247
Ann, Chrifti
Down
mas
The Earls Reply:
1641.
K.C.H. How can we under That being a Privie Coun- The Notes
take offenſive War, if we have ſellor, he thought he might have themſelves.
no more money?
as free a vote as another, that
L. L. IR. Borrow of the City his opinion was no other then
100000. I. Go on rigorouſly to what he thought the preſent
leavie Shipmoney. Tony Majeſty exigent required, that it were
having tryed the affection of hard meaſure for opinicns or
your people, you are abſolved and diſcourſes reſulting from ſuch
looſe from all rule of Govern- occaſions, and at ſuch debates,
ment, and to do what Power will to be proſecuted under the no-
admit : Your Majeſty have tion of Treaſon. And whereas
tryed all wayes, and being refw- the main dint of this accuſati-
fed Mall be acquitted before God on received derivation from his
and Man; And you have an ſuggeſted ſaying, The King had
Army in Ireland that you may an Army in Ireland which he
employ to reduce THIS King- might imploy here to reduce This
come to obedience, for I am Kingdome, He anſwereth,
confident the Scots cannot hold Firſt, That it is proved by
out five months.
Hati 2010 the folitary teſtimony of one
L. ARCH. You have tryed all man (Secretary Vane) which is
Wages, and have alwayes been de- not of validity enough in Law
nied, it is now lawful to take it to create faith in a matter of
by force.
, much leſſe life
Z. COTT. Leagues abroad and deathen clic in point of
there may be made for the de Secondly, That the Secreta-
fence of the Kingdome. The ries Depoſition was exceeding
lower Houſe are weary of the, dubious; upon two examinati-
King, and Church. All mayes ons he could not remember any
Shall be juſt to raiſe money by in ſuch words, and the third time
this inevitable neceſity, and his teſtimony was not poſi-
are to be uſed being lawful. tive, but that I ſpake thoſe
L. ARCH.For an offenſive, not words, or the like, and words
any Defenſive War.
may be very like in found, yet
L. L.IR. The Town is full of differ much in ſenſe, as in the
Lords, put the Commiſsion of words of my charge, here for
Array on foot, and if any of them there, and that for this, puts an
ftir, we will make them ſmart. end to the controverfie.
Thirdly, there were preſent
at this debate but eight Privie
Counſellors in all, two where-
of the Archbiſhop of Canter-
bury, and Secretary Windebank)
are not to be produccd; Sir Hen-
ry
be

148
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1641.
ry affirmes the words, I deny
them: then there remain four
ſtill to give in evidence, viz.
The Marqueſſe Hamilton, the
mota gud intorno Earl of Northumberland, the
Berly dons a
Lord Treaſurer, and the Lord
oso ondo Cortingtons who have all de-
one or clared upon their Honours, that
Indu 101 2000 they never heard me ſpeak thoſe
egongo 101 ani
words,nay nor the like.
Laſtly, ſuppoſe (though I
grant it not) that I ſpake thole
sobou betona ad words, yet cannot the word This
A
rationally imply England, be-
cauſe the debate was concerning
Scotland, as is yeelded on all
hands, becauſe England was
not out of the way of obedi-
ence, as the Earl of clare well
obſerved, and becauſe there
dagen never was any the leaf intenti.
on of landing the Iriſh Army
La
in England, as the foreſaid Lords
on of the Privic Councel are able
To to atteſt.
The Earl having delivered his Anſwer to this Additional
Proof, the Lord Steward told him, that, if he had any thing
to ſay further in his own Defence, he ſhould proceed, becauſe
the Court deſired to prepare matters for ſpeedy Judgment,
whereupon he made a fummary repetition of the ſeverall par-
cels of his former Defence, which ended he continued his
Speech thus.
The concluſion
of the Earls
Defence,
My Lords,
ya
Here remaines another kind of Treaſon that I
ſhould be guilty of, for endevouring to ſubvert
the Fundamental Lawes of the Land. That this
ſhould
be Treaſon together, that is not treaſon in one part; a
Treaſon accumulative, that when all will not do it alore,
being weaved up with others, it ſhould do it, ſeems very
ſtrange. Under favour my Lords, I conceive there
is

The Reign of King Charles.
249
is neither Statute nor Common Law, wbich doth declare An. Cbrift
1641.
this endevouring to ſubvert the Fundamental Lawes of
the Land to be bigh Treaſon ; for I have been diligent
in the inquiry, as you know it deeply concernes me, and
could never diſcover it. It is hard to be questioned for
life and honour upon a Law, that cannot be pewn;
for it is a rule in Sir Edward Coke, De non appa-
rentibus & non exiftentibus eadem eft ratio.
Jbeſu! Where hath tbis fire lain bid ſo many hundreds
of years, without ſmoak, to diſcover it, till it thus
burſt forth to conſume me and my children? That pu-
niſhment ſhould precede promulgation of a law, to be
puniſhed by a law ſubſequent to the Fast, is extreme
hard; what man can be ſafe if this be admitted ? My
Lords, it is hard in another reſpect, that there ſhould
be no token ſet by which we ſhould know this Offence,
no admonition by which we ſhould avoid it. If a man
paſje the Thames in a boat, and ſplit himſelf upon an
Anchor, and no Buoy be floting to diſcover it, be who
oweth the Anchor ſhall inake fatisfa&tion, but if a
Buoy be ſet ihere, every man paſſetb upon his own peril
Now where is this marke, where the token upon this
Crime to declare it to be bigh Treaſon ? My Lords, be
pleaſed to give that regard to the Peerage of England,
as never to expoſe your ſelves to ſuch moot-points, ſuch
conſtructive interpretations of Lawes. If there muſt be
a tryal of wits, let the ſubject matter be of ſomewhat
elfe, then the lives and honours of Peers. It will be
wiſdome for your ſelves, for your poſterity, and for the
whole Kingdome to caft into the fire theſe bloudy and
myſterious volumes of conſtructive and arbitrary
Treafon, as the Primitive Chriſtians did their Books
of curious Arts, and betake your ſelves to the plain
letter of the Law and Statute, that telleth us what is,
and what is not Treaſon, without being more ambi.
tious to be more learned in the art of Killing then our
Kk
fore-

250
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1641.
fore-fathers. It is now full 240. years, ſince any
man was touched for this alleged Crime to this height
before my ſelf, let us not awaken tbeſe ſleeping lyons
to our deſtructions, by taking up a few muſty Records,
that have lain by the wals ſo many ages, forgotten
or negle&ted. May your Lordſhips pleaſe not to add this
to my other misfortunes ; for my other fins be-ſlave
me, not for Treaſon; let not a preſident be deſired
from me, ſo diſadvantageous as this will be in the
conſequence to the whole Kingdome ; do not through me
wound the intereſt of the Commonwealth. And bow-
ſoever theſe Gentlemen ſay they ſpeak for the Com-
mon-wealth, yet in this particular I indeed ſpeak for
it, and few tbe inconveniences and miſcbifes which
will fall upon it. For, as it is ſaid in the Statute
1. of Henry 4. No man will know what to do,
or ſay, for fear of ſuch penalties. Do not put, my
Lords, ſuch difficulties upor Miniſters of State, tha
men of Wiſedome, of Honour of Fortune, may not with
cheerfulneſſe and Safety be imployed for the publique; if
you weigh and meaſure them by grains and ſcruples,
the publique affaires of the Kingdome will lie waſte,
no man will meddle with them who bas any thing to
loſe. My Lords, I have troubled you longer then I
Mould have done, were it not for the intereſt of theſe
dear pledges a Saint in beaven bath left me [At
this he ſtopt a while offering up ſome tears to
her aſhes ]. What I forfeit my ſelf is not bing, but
tbat my in-diſcretion ſhould extend to my poſterity it
woundeth me to the very ſoul. You will pardon
my infirmity, ſomething I ſhould have added, but am
not able; therefore let it paſſe. And now my Lords
for my ſelf I have been by the blefing of almighty God
taught, that the affli&ions of this preſent life, are
not to be compared to the eternal weight of
glory which ſhall be revealed hereafter. And fe
my

The Reign of King Charles.
251.
my Lords, even ſo, with all tranquillity of mind, I Ann. Chrift
freely ſubmit my ſelf to your judgement; and whether 1641. .
that judgment be of life, or death,
Te Deum laudamus.
The Earl had no ſooner ended then Mr. Glyn, and after
him Mr. Pym undertakes him, endevouring to render his of-
fences as odious as poſſibly they could; but their replications
being fuller ſtuft with Rhetorical Declamations, then Logical
concluſions, ſignifyed little as to judicial proceedings.
Matters of Fact being tranſacted, the Commons were next The Commons
engaged to juſt fie their charge by Law, which was a point very Charge by
intricate and difficult; for his crimes were not as yet diſcove- Law,
red to be ſpecifically comprehended under the letter of any
Statute declaratory of Treaſon ; nor did that Statute of 25. of
Edward the third (which is the Index to all matters of Treaſon)
directly charge him. But that Statutc had a salvo adnext to it,
whereby it was provided that, becauſe all particular Treaſons
could not be then defined, therefore what the Parliament ſhould
declare to be Treaſon in time to come, ſhould be puniſhed as Treaſon :
and within the compaſs of this Salvo they doubted not to bring
him, and to cut him off by Bill of Attainder. Hereupon the Earl
moved that he might be allowed to plead by his Councel,
which th¢ Nobles thought they could not in juſtice deny, but
the Commons being of another perſwafion, would not, till afrer
three dayes conference with the Lords about it, aſſent thereunto.
Bur at length the 16. the Peers prevailed, and it was agreed that
the Earl with his Councel fhould have liberty to come next day,
and they to plead ſuch particulars only, to which they ſhould be
reftraincd:
Saturday, April the 17. the Earl with his Councel appeared The Earl an-
at the Bar, being Mr. Lane the Princes Atturncy, Mr. Gardiner {wereth by
Councel
Recorder of London, Mr. Loe, Mr. Lightfoot. Mr. Lane fpake
firft, and inſiſted upon the Statute 25, of Edw. 3. ſaying it was
2 Declarative Law, and ſuch are not to be interpreted by way
of conſequence, cquity, or conſtruction, but by the expreffe
letter only. Again it was a penal Law, and ſuch can admit of
no conſtructions or inferences, for penalties are to enforce the
keeping of known, not of conjectural and dubious Lawes. Then
he came to the Salvo, and affirmed that in the fixt year of Henry
the 4. a Petition was preferred in Parliament by the Nobility
to have all Treaſon limited by Statute, that in that Parliament
Chap. 10. an Act was made upon that Petition that, Thar Salvo
ſhould
Kk 2

252
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Cl.riſti
fhould be holden repcalcd in all times to come, and that no-
1641
thing ſhould be eſteemed Treaſon but what was literally con-
tained within the Statutę 25. of Edw. 3. The Recorder ſaid,
he could add no more then what the former Councel had ſpoken
for matter of Law, but if their Lordſhips would ſtare unto him
ſome fur: her Queſtions, he was ready to give his reſolution
according to his beſt ability. Upon which motion the Lords
and Commors adjcurned, rot profixing any time for their
next meeting.
Nor was it of much import, for the Commons were reſolved
that day ſhould ſet a totall period to the Earles defence, and next
to ſpeed their Bill of Atrainder, which was debated the 19. and
the Earl vored guily of Ligh Treaſon upon the evidence of
Sir Henry Vane and his nores, but the final and decretory vote
He is voted by paſt not aga nft him, till the 21 upon the reading the Bill en-
the Commons groft, at which time they went to the Poll, and took the names of
guides on high the diffenters, the total amounting to 59, whercof the Lord
Digby appeared moſt eminent, having ſpake much to the dif-
pleaſure of the Houſe in that particular. The Bill being paſſed
the Lower-houſe, long they would not let it reft there, but that
afternoon tranſmitted it to the Lords, who being flower paced
in that concernment, were reminded of it the 24. with a deſire
they would nominate a time certain for the reading thereof,
who returned anſwer, that on Munday and Tueſday next they
would not fail to do it. And they were as good as their words,
but it ſeemed to them ſo perplext a buſineſſe, and ſtarted ſo
many ſcruples, as they were enforced to requeſt a conference
with the Commons to reſolve them; whereupon the Lowera
houſe promiſed that Mr. S-Fohn the Kings Solicitor ſhould
Thurſday the 29. juſtific the Bill by Law, and give their Lord-
ſhips an account of the reaſons impelling them to that mode of
proceeding; ordering alſo that the Earl of Strafford ſhould then
be preſent.
While theſe things were in agitation, the Parliament had
addreſt themſelves to his Majeſty in way of Petition for three
things.
Firſt, For removing of all Papiſts from Court.
gainſt Papifts.
Secondly, For diſ-arming of them
generally throughout
the Kingdome.
Thirdly, For dif-banding the Iriſh Army.
To all which the King the 28 delivered anſwer contractly thus :
The Kings
For the firft, they al knep wbat legal truſt
thel
The Commons
Petition 2-
Answer,

I be Reign of King Charles.
253
the Crown batb in that particular, therefore bel 416 chrim
ſhall not need to ſay any thing to give them aſſu-
rance that be shall uſe it fo, as there ſhall be no juſt
cauſe of Scandal.
For the ſecond, be is content it ſhall be done
according to Law.
For the laſt, be bad entred into conſulta-
tion about it, and found many difficulties ibere-
in, and be doth ſo wiſh the dif-banding of all
Armies, as he did conjure them ſpeedily, and
beartily to joyn with him in dif-banding thoſe two
in England.
The next day the Earl being brought to the Bar, the Bill
of Altainder was read, and Mr. St-Fohn opened the ſeveral
branches thereof, affirming it to be legal, by many Preſidents, and
Acts of Parliaments, which he quoted. What effects the Soli-
citors arguments wrought, either in rendring the Earls Trca-
fons more luminous and diſcernible, or in removing the former
dyfopfy and dimneſſe ofthe Peers underſtanding, I am not able
to ſay, but infallibly certain it is, they thenceforward ſhewed
greater propenſity towards the Earls condemnation, and clearly
diſcovered it in their Houſe the next day, whereof the King having
notice thought it high time for him to interpoſe (left ſilence ſhould
make him acceflary to a fact ſo much condemned by his own
conſcience) and calling both Howſes together May the 1. ſaid,
My Lords and Gentlemen,
I bad no intention to bave ſpoken to you of The Kings
this buſineſſe to day, which is the great buſineſle osebe
of the Earl of Strafford, becauſe I would do te thote servas
nothing wbich might binder your occaſions. But
now it comes to paſſe tbat I muſt of neceffity bave
past

254
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti paſt in the judgment, I think it moſt neceſſary
1645., to declare my conſcience therein.
I am ſure you know I have been preſent at
the bearing of this great cauſe, from one end to the
other; and I muſt tell you that in my conſcience I
cannot condemne bim of bigh I reaſon.
It is not fit for me to argue this buſineſſe, I
am ſure you will not expect it, a poſitive Doctrine
beſt becomes the mouth of a Prince, yet muft I
tell you three truths, which I am ſure no man can
tell ſo well as my ſelf
.
Firſt, That I bad never any intention of
bringing over the Iriſh Army into England, nor
ever was adviſed by any body ſo to do.
Secondly, I bat there was never any debate
before me, either in publique Councel, or
private Committee, of the diſloyalty of my
Engliſh ſubjects, nor ever had I any ſuſpicion of
them.
Thirdly, That I was never counſelled by
anyto alter the leaſt of any of the Lames of Eng-
land, much leſſe to alter all the Lawes. Nay I
tell you this, I thinke no body durst ever be so
impudent as to move me to it. For if they bad,
I ſhould bave made them ſuch an example, and
put ſuch a marke upon them, that all pofterity
Mould know my intentions by it, they being ever
to govern by the Law, and no orberwiſe. vidtous
I defire rightly to be underſtood, for though I
tell

The Reign of King Charles.
255
1641.
tell you in my conſcience I cannot condemn bim Am. Cbrifi
of bigh Treaſon, yet cannot I clear bim of mif-
demeanours ; therefore l bope you may find out a
way to ſatisfie juſtice, and your own fears, and not
oppreſſe my conſcience.
My Lords, I hope you know what a tender
conſcience is, and I muſt declare unto you, that to
Satisfie mypeople I would do great matters; but
in this of conſcience, neither fear, nor any other
reſpect whatſoever, ſhall ever make me goe a-
gainſt it.
Certainly I bave not deſerved ſo ill of this
Parliament at this time, that they ſhould preſſe
me in this tender point, therefore I cannot ſuſpect
you will go about it. Nay I muſt confeſſe for
miſ-demeanours I am ſo clear in them, that,
though I will not cbalk out the way, yet I will
Shew you, that I think my Lord of Strafford iş
not fit bereafter to ſerve me, or the Common-
wealth, in any place of truſt, no not ſo much as a
Constable. Therefore I leave it to you, my
Lords, to find out ſome ſucb way as to bring
me out of this ſtraight, and keep your felves
and the Kingdome from ſuch inconveniences. :)
This Speech of his Majeſty, as any other not formed of in-
gredients deleterious, was ill reliſht by both Houſes, ſo that they
went away in much diſcontent.
The next day May the 2. being Sunday, was the marriage The Prince of
ſolemnized between the Prince of Orange (who came to London Orange marri-
April the 20.) and the Lady Mary at White-ball, with agreeable cha the Lady
triumph,
The late diſguſt taķen at the Kings laſt Speech, was not im-
manent,
Mary

256
The Reign of King Charles.
A Tumult in
Ear).
A Proteftation
Commons
Ann. Chrifti manent, it ſtayed not in the Parliament, but became tranſient and
1641.
paſſed to the lower Row; and when the feculent part of the body
politique is once ſtirred, it ſoon flies up to the diſturbance of the
whole: ſoit fared with ſome tumultuous citizens May the 3. who
Weſiminſter cry- male content at what the King had ſaid, came downe that mor-
ing for Juftice ning to Westminſter, to the number of five or fix thouſand, moſt
armed with Swords, demanding juſtice of the Lords againſt the
Earl of Strafford, complaining alſo that their trade was decayed,
and they like to periſh for want of bread, becauſe juſtice was
delaied." Their ſpecial application was to the Lord Chamberlain,
who went out of his Coach, and with much adoe and large pro-
miſes appcaſed their fury; neverthele fſe to ſtrike the greater ter-
rour into all ſuch as did not adhere to their party, they poſted
upon the gate of Weliminfter, a Catalogue of thoſe whoſe fuf-
frages were for the Earles acquital, under the Title of Straf-
fordians.
That day intimation was given to the Houſe of Commons
framed by the of ſome practiſes in the North to diſtract the Engliſh Army, and
to render the Parliament diſpleafing to thein; to en-counter, and
as a defenſative againſt which they fell preſently upon conſide-
ration of a Proteſtation : for maintenance of the true reformed
Proteſtant Religion, expreſſed in the doctrine of the church of
England; The power and privileges of Parliament, and liberty of
the subject.
This Proteſtation being formed, was the next day read in
the Lower Houſe, and generally taken by all the members;
then was it fent up to the Lords, who took it alſo, and an
order was made for the printing and diſperſing it over all
England.
A Bil propoun-
May the s. there was an offer made in the Houſe of Com-
mons by one of the Knights of Lancaſhire, that he would pro-
cure his Majeſty the loan of 650000. 1. untill ſuch time as the
ſubſidies Thould be raiſed, if his Majeſty would be pleaſed to
paſſe a Bill that the Parliament might not be adjourned, pro-
rogued or diſſolved, without the conſent of both Houſes, until
the general grievances of this Kingdome were redreſt. Thismo-
tion occaſioned a great debate, and ſeemed to be of that impor-
tance, as preſently order was given for a bill to be drawn up in
perſuance of it.
That evening the Lords ſent a meſſage to the Commons cer-
tifying that they had conſidered, and conſulted upon the Bill
of Attainder, but found it the ſafeſt courſe to lay the ſame aſide,
becauſe it brought the King in as Fudge, wherefore they agreed
to fall upon the ſeveral Articles of his Accufation, and
would the next day ſend them their finall reſolution.
The next morning May the 6, 26. Lords of 45. then preſent,
being
ded for the
continuation
of the Parlia-
ment.
order was given to


The Reign of King Charles.
257
3
I reaſon.
that and the
being directed by the opinion of the Judges, voted the Earl of Am. Cbrifi
Strafford guilty of high Treaſon, upon two Articles; the 15. for 1641
levying of monies in Ireland by force in a warlike manner
and upon the 19. for impoſing an Oath upon the Subjects in The Earl voted
Ireland, and gave thereof ſpecdy information to the Houſe of by the Lords
Commons, who were then cxceeding buſie about the Bill for guilty of high
the continuation of the Parliament, which the next day being
compleatly voted, was ſent to the Lords for their conjunction with
them, withall requeſting they would haften it with all convenient
ſpeed, in regard they deſired that and the Bill of Attainder
might by ſi ned together.
In this concernment the Lords needed no great ſtimulation
of reſolves, the deſign was plauſible, no criticilmes of law to be
diſcuft, no difficulties to be contended with, ſo that May the 8.
they were in ſtare to acquaint the Commons that they fully
concurred with them in theſe votes alſo ; whereupon a cone
rence enſued, at which it was reſolved that ſome Lords ſhould
be diſpatched with thoſe Bils to his Majesty, and to requeſt his The two Bils
Anſwer: which was accordingly done, and the King told tendred to the
King.
them they should receive his Anſwer on Munday follow-
ing.
The Sunday intervening was no Sabbath, no day of reſt to Heis much per
the King, who never found the Royal office to preſſe, yea ſo plexe what an-
oppreſſe him as at this inſtant ; infinitely was he diſtracted be-
tween a People and a Conſcience, both male-content, both equal-
ly clamorous, onc for mercy, the other for juſtice; his paffion
was moſt intenſe for both, pleaſe both he could not, and to diſ-
pleaſe either, pierced his very ſoul. In this anxiety, in this per- The Biſhops
plexity of thoughts, he conſults with four Biſhops, deſires them adviſe him to
as Caſuiſts to adviſe him what courſe to ſteer between theſe two pafle the Bils.
great Rocks. The major part urged the opinion of the Judges,
the vo es of Parliament, that he was but onc Man, that no other
expedient could be found to appeaſe the people, that the conſe-
quences of an enraged multitude would be very terrible. Upon
theſe conſiderations they adviſed,yca partly perſwaded his Majeſty,
though not yet fully convinced, to pafle the Bill
.
But the motive Paramount and ſuperiour to all was a letterari
he received that very day from the Earl himſelf, wherein he thus
concludes.
o receive to Anvernom more
to ,
SIR,
(To ſet your Majefties conſcience at liberty) and the Earl
I do moſt humbly beſeech you, for the preventing Himele decres
of ſuch miſchiefs as may happen by your refufal, to
LI
palle

258
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chrifti paſſe the Bill. By this means to remove, praiſed be
1641. God, I cannot ſay this accurſed, but I confefſe this
unfortunate Thing forth of the way towards that
bleſſed agreement which God (I truſt) ſhall for
ever eſtabliſh betwixt you and your Subjects.
Sir, my conſent herein ſhall more acquit you to
God then all the world can do befides: To a
willing man there is no injury done. And as by
Gods grace I forgive all the world with a calm-
neſſe and meekneſle of infinite contentment to my
diſ-lodging ſoul; ſo, Sir, I can give up the life of
this world with all cheerfulneſſe imaginable, in the
juſt acknowledgement of your exceeding favours,
and only beg, that in your goodneſſe you would
vouchſafe to caſt your gratious regard upon my
poor Son and his three Siſters, leffe or more, and
no otherwiſe then their unfortunate Father ſhall
appear more or leſſeguilty of this death. God pre-
ſerve your Majeſty,
Your Majeſties moſt humble
and faithful Subject
and Servant
Strafford.
He yeelds moſt
unwillingly,
Munday May the 19. in the morning his Majeſty ſigned a
Commiſſion to the Earl of Arundel, the Lord Privie Seal, the
Lord Chamberlain and others for the paſſing of the two Bils,
one for the continuation of the Parliament during the pleaſure
of the two Houſes. The other was the Bill of Attainder againſt
the Earl of Strafford; but this with an Utinam nefcirem literas.
Never any act paſt from him with greater reluctancy at the
preſent, or which he bewailed afterward with greater re-morſe of
conſcience then the frailty of that conceſſion. True it is, he had all
the outward motives to it that could be wiſhed, the vehement
impor-

The Reign of King Charles.
259
importunity of his Nobles, of his venerable Biſhops, the opi- An. Chrif
nion of the grave Judges, a pretended urgent neceſſity in order 1641.
to the ſatisfaction of his people, yea and the Earls Petition ;
but what were all theſe while his conſcience remained unſatis-
fyed? Princes may, and ought to hold intelligence, to keep
correſpondence with their ſubjects, but be their advice as found
as may be, yet ſtill muſt it be ftill Le Roy, nor Le Peuple
veult; the Councel may be theirs, the Command muſt be the
Soveraigries. Minatory affronts muſt not fubdue, nor com-
pliance with their ſubjects perſwade them to conceſſions repugnant
to the dictates of their own conſciences. It was excellently ſaid by
another Man, not by another King, That it is a bad exchange to
wound a mans own conſcience, thereby to ſalve State-fores; a maxime
ſo infallibly true, that the firſt experiment we have in facred
writ of the contrary being acted by the firſt of Iſraels Kings,
coſt him no lefſe then the loſſe of his Kingdome, and all upon
that folitary account, becauſe, He feared the people, and obeyed 1 Sam. Is.
their voice. So faral is it for a Prince ſometimes to reſigne a
complacence to popular luft.
As his Majeſties reflexes - upon this conceffion, were never Cenfures upon
without great segret, fo many behold his paſſing the conco- bis pafling the
mitant Bill, not a little deſtructive to his Regal intereft, and Parliaments
confequently to his perſon, as without which the Parliament continuation.
could not have been in ſtate, and capacity to act whát they
did againſt him. On the other ſide it was argued by others;
Thar his Majeſty was not worſted, but rather a gainer by
that grant. That it raiſed in the Subject ftill further affu
rance of his clear intentions to the common-good; that it pre-
cluded the entertainment of finifter thoughts againſt him; that
it impowered the Parliament only to fit during pleaſure. That
his denyal would have generated ill boding jealoufies and
turbulent animofities. That had it come to the pirch, and
had his Majeſty endevoured to diſſolve the Aſſembly, pro-
bably the Parliament would have diſputed his power, and have
aſſerted it as incident to the office of ſo great Truſtees of the
the Kingdome, ſtill to continue fefſion in times menacing the
ruine of the Kingdome. Did not the late Parliament of Scotland
poſitively declare as much, in the concernment of that Kingdome?
And Scotland it is well known gave the rule, to England in moſt
of her late actions.
The Kings compliance with his people, and acting yeſter-
day to the extremity of juſtice, could not alter his more na-
tural diſpoſition to Merey, he had ſtill a paffion moſt vehe-
ment for her, and was reſolved upon all occaſions to act in
favour of it; hereupon he this day May the 1]. wrote to the
Ll2
Lords

260
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Lords this Letter, the bearer whereof was no mcaner perſon then
the Prince of Wales.
inn. Ch iſti
1641
bog
M, Lords,
The Kings
Lerter in be
half of the
Earl.
I did yeſterday ſatisfie the Juſtice of the
Kingdome by paſſing the Bill of Attainder
againſt the Earl of Strafford. But Mercy
being as inherent and inſeparable to a King,
as Juſtice, I deſire in ſome meaſure to ſhew
that likewiſe, by ſuffering that unfortunate
man to fulfill the natural courſe of his life
in cloſe impriſonment ; yet ſo, that if he ever
make the leaſt offer to eſcape; or offer di-
redly or indirectly to meddle in any fort of
publique buſineſle, eſpecially with me, either
by meſſage or Letter, it ſhall coſt him his life
without further proceſſe. This if it may
be done without the diſcontentment of my
people, will be an unſpeakable contentment
to me.
To which end, as in the firſt place, I
by this Letter do earneſtly deſire your ap-
probation, and to endear it the more, have
choſen him to carry it, who is of all your
Houſe moſt dear unto me: So I deſire
that by conference you will endevour to
give the Houſe of Commons contentment
likewiſe, aſſuring you that the exerciſe of
Mercy is no more pleaſing to me, then to
fee

I'be Reign of King Charles.
261
ſee both Houſes of Parliament confent, Ann. Chriſi
for my fake, that I ſhould moderate the
1641.
ſeverity of the Law in ſo important a
Cafe.
I will not ſay that your complying with
me in this my intended mercy, ſhall make
me more willing, but certainly it will make
me more cheerfull in granting your juſt
grievances. But if no leſſe then his life
can ſatisfie my people, I muſt ſay Fiat
Juſtitia. Thus again recommending the
conſideration of my intentions to
yoli,
I
reſt
Diagos
9
Met
Your unalterable or bak
- 10 And affe&ionate friend,
Charles R.
If he muſt die, it were charity to reprieve
him till Saturday. O brand new
BA mobilomé an oo
fie | 262 miliony vas shot hot 21
Only
be
od stron in social Upon

262
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Cbrifti
1645.
Upon the receit of this from his Majeſty, the Lords expreſt
themſelves the ſame day as followeth.
The Lords ex-
preſſion conſe-
TI
quent to this
Letter.
May the 11. 1641.
vice
His Letter all written with the Kings own
hand, we the Peers this day received in
Parliament, delivered by the hands of the Prince.
It was twice read in the Houſe, and after ſerious, ,
but ſad confideration, the Houſe reſolved pre-
ſently to ſend twelve of the Peers, meſſengers to
the King, humbly to fignifie that neither of the
two intencions expreſt in the Letter could with
dury in us, or without danger to his confort the
Queen, and all the young Princes their children,
be poſſibly admitted. Which being accompliſhed,
and more expreſſions offered, His Majeſty ſuf-
fered no more words to come from us, but out
of the fulneſſe of his heart to the obſervance of
Juſtice, and for the contentment of his people,
told us, that what be intended by bis Letter was
with an If, if it may be done without diſcontent-
ment to bis people. If it cannot be, I ſay again the
ſame that I wrote, Fiat Juſtitia.
My other intention proceeding out of Charity for
a few dayes reſpight, was upon certain information
that bis Eſtate was ſo diſtracted that it neceſſarily
required ſome fero dayes reſpite for ſettlement there
of
Whereunto the Lords anſwered, their purpoſe
was to be futers to his Majeſty for favour to be
ſhewed to his innocent Children, And if him.
ſelf had made any proviſion for them, that the
fame might hold. This was well pleaſing to his
Majeſty, who hereupon departed from the Lords,
At
to the

The Reign of King Charles. 263
At his Majeſties departure, we offered up into his Ann. Chrifii
hands the Letter it ſelf which he had lent. But 1641.
he pleaſed to ſay, What I have written to you, I ſhall
be content it be regiſtred by you in your Houſe. In it
you fee my mind, I bope you will uſe it to mine
honour.
Scaffold.
This upon return of the Lords from the King, was pre-
ſently reported to the Houſe by the Lord Privie Seal.
Wedneſday May the 12, was appointed to give the fatal pe- The Earl
riod to the Life of this moſt unhappy Earl. He was conveyed from brought to the
the Tower by a Court of Guard, formed of the Trained bands.
Before him went the Marſhals men, next the Sheriffes Officers
with halberts, then the Wardens of the Tower, then the Earls
Gentleman Uſher bare headed, and next him the Earl himſelf
accompanied with the Primate of Armagh and others. Upon his
firſt coming forth being to paffc neer the Archbiſhops lodging
(who ſtood at the window wa ting for his approach) he lifted up his
eyes and eſpying the Archbiſhop, made low obeiſance towards
him, ſaying withall, My Lord your prayers and your blefing. The
Archbiſhop had ſcarce ability to lift up his hands and heart in
the apprecation, i fo foon did extremity of paſſion; ſtrike him
into a lipothymie and ſwounding fit. This was thought by ſome
an argument of too much pufillanimity in ſo grave a Chriſtian;
but the Archbiſhop' ſaid he doubted not but when his own
turn came, God would ſo ſtrengthen him that he ſhould taſt
that bitter cup with a moſt Chriſtian courage.
The Earl proceeding further, and the paſſage more throng-
ed with people, he heard a great noiſe amongſt the crowd, dc-
manding, Which is he? with that, his countenance all compoſed
to mcekneffe, off he puts his hat, and ſaid, I am the man good
people, not ſhewing the leaſt cmotion of mind at the Que-
ition. To
Being brought to the Scaffold he addreft his Speech to the
Lords fummarily to this effect;
s the
tion of mind at the
My Lords, time
I am come bither by the good will and Hislat Speech a
pleaſure of the Almighty, to pay that laſt debt
I

264
The Reign of King Charles.
Ann, Chrifti I owe to fin. And to ſubmit to that judge-
1641.
ment which bath paſt againſt me. I do it with
a very contented and quiet mind; I thanke
God, I do freely forgive all the world. I thank
God I can ſay it, and truely too, my conſcience
bearing me witneſſe, tbat in all my imployment,
fince bad the bonour to ſerve bis Majeſty,
I never bad any thing in the purpoſe of my
beart, but what tended to the joynt and indi.
vidual proſperity of King and People, although
it batb been my ill fortune to be miſcon.
ſtrued.
There is one thing I deſire to free my ſelf
of, and I am confident I ſhall obtain your
Cbriſtian charity in tbe belief of it. I was ſo
far from being againſt Parliaments, That I did
alwayes think the Parliaments of England,
were the moſt happy conftitutions that any King-
dome or Nation lived under, and the beſt
means, under God, to make the King and People
happy.
For
my death I bere acquit all the world, and
beſeech the God of Heaven beartily to forgive
them that contrived it, though in the intentions
and purpoſes of my heart I am not guilty of wbat I
die for. And it is a great comfort for me, that bis
Majeſty conceives me not meriting fo beavy a
puniſhment as this.
I wiſh this Kingdome all proſperity and bap-
pineſſe,

The Reign of King Charles.
265
Ann. Chriſ
1641.
pineſſe, and deſire every one wbo hears me to con-
leder ſeriouſly, whether the reformation of a King-
dome ſhould be written in letters of bloud. Let
me never be founhappy, as that the leaſt drop of
my bloud ſhould riſe up in judgement againſt any of
|
you But I fear you are in the
wrong way....
I profeſſe that I die a true and obedient ſon
of the Church of England wherein I was born,
and in which I was bred. Peace and proſperity
be ever to it.
This faid, he deſired all prefent to affift him in his prayers
wherein he continued neer a quarter of an hour, then riſing up, he
bad all his friends farewel, eſpecially by name his brother
Sir George Wentworth, by whom he ſent his love to his wife and
bleffing to his children, willing him to charge his fon never to med-
dle with the Patrimony of the Church.
Then he addreſt himſelf to the block, and having prayed a-
while, he gave the Executioner the token of his preparedneffe,
whereat the Heads-man doing his office, ſevered his head from
his body at the firſt ſtroke. Thus died this unhappy Earl. And
to die thus, by the ſtroke of Juſtice, cannot but conſign him up to
poſterity under ſome more horrid Character, yet left that ble-
milh ſhould orefpread all his fame (drawing aſide the traverſe) I
ſhall (and I hope without juſt offence to any) repreſent ſuch ex-
cellences as were in him impaled with, and which might ſeem
if not to ballance, yet ſomewhat alleviate his other failings.
A Gentleman he was of rare, choice and ſingular endowments, His Chara&er.
I mean of ſuch as modelled, faſhion d and accompliſht him for State
concernments ; of a ſearching and penetrating judgment, nimble
apprehenſion, ready and fluent in all reſults of coupſel. Moſt
happy in the vein of ſpeech, which was alwayes round, perſpicuous
and expreffc; much to the advantage of his ſenſe, and ſo full
ſtockt with reaſon that he might be rather ſaid to demonſtrate then
to argue. As thele abilities raiſed him to State adminiſtration, ſo
his addreſſing, his applying thoſe abilities fo faithfully in promo-
tion of the Royal intereſt, ſoon rendred him a Favorite of the
firſt admiſſion. So that never King had a more intelligent, and
withall a firmer ſervant then he was to his Maſter. But there
qualities which rendred him ſo amiable to his Majeſty, repreſented
him formidable to the Scots, ſo that ſome who were not well per-
M
ſwaded

266
Tbe Reign of King Charles.
Ann. Chriſti
1641.
ſwaded of the juftneffe of his fentence, thought he fuffered not ſo
much for what he had done already, as for what he was like to
have donc, had he lived, to the dir ſervice of that Nation ; and that
he was not ſacrificed ſo much to the Scots revenge, as to their
fear. And certainly his fall was, as the firſt, ſo the moſt fatal
wound the Kings intereſt ever received. His three Kingdomes not
affording another Strafford, that is, one man his peer in parts and
fidelty to his Majeſty. He had a ſingular paffion for the Govern-
ment, and Patrimony of the Church, both which he was ſtudious
to preſerve ſafe and ſound, either opining them to be of ſacred
extraction, or at leaſt prudent conſtitutions relating to holy per-
formances. And had he wanted theſe poſitive graces, yet in ſo
great a perſon, it may be commendable, that he was eminent for
privative and negative excellencies being not taxable with any vice,
wl ciher it was that thoſc petty pleaſures are beneath the ſatisfaction
of a ſoul ſuch as his, and of fo large a farure; or that grace had
put a reſtraint upon his appetite. In ſhort, he was a Man who
might have paſſed under a better notion had he lived in other
times, or had he in thefe not played his byas another way.
Cetera defiderantur.
Errata fic Corrige.
p.
PAg.9. lin. I. read buried. ibid. I. ult. f. committed, p. 12. 1.6. r. baited.p. 17.1.6.r.attempt.
28.1.9. r.mollifyed. p.30, 1.1. r.enformed. P:33..penult. r.was as ambitious as. p.41.1.10.
r.Villeur. p.54.1.37. 1. cognoſcible. p.59.1.4.c. from his own. p. 67.1.15. r. ſtands.p. 71.1.22.
r. ſhare. ibid. 1.34.r.exceeding happy. p. 79.1.13. r. affent. p. 80.1. 21. r. detrench. p. 92.1.4.
f. cleanly.p: 93.1.13.r.whisked. p.96.1.41.6. conſtat. 2.97.1.4.ir, three spere accuſed of.p.101.
34. C. abated. p.109.1.6.r of his Brothers. p.ris. 1.1. r. behold him. p. 130.1.21. 1. infeſted.
P.135.1.41.1.reproach him.p.155. 1.14.1. tbe next. p. 165.1. 27. r.chief. p.183.1. 19.1. (trong,
P. 199.1.13. del.of. ibid. 1. 35. r. was ſequeſtred. p. 202 1. 9.r. Mr.Crew.p.233.6.1.8. r. Te-
vingbam, p. 345. 1.42, s. confident he was be, d'6. p. 254.1
. 1. r. part. p.259.1.7. del. ill.

enero
sa
A Table of all the Remarkeable paſſages in the Book
A.
1
Earl of Bedford and others confined,
107. he builds Cover Garden. 124
Sir Robert Berkly impecht of high
Treaſon.
214
A
Bbot Archbiſhop is fequeftred. Biſhops affronted in Scotland, 147
Pag. 72. Dieth. 127. Hischa. They protest againſt the General Af-
racter.
ibid. ſembly.
155
St. Albans Vicount his death. 64. Briſtow Earl accuſeth the Duke of
And character,
ibid. Buckingham of high treaſon, 29. is
Sir Giles Allington cenſured in the committed to the Tomer.
53
High commiſion for inceſ. 119 Broadway arraigned and executed. 119
Amboyna maſſacre in pari revenged in Duke of Buckingham accuſed of high
Germany.
II3
Treaſon by tbe E. of Briſtow, 29. and
Andrewes Biſhop of Ely his death by the Commons, 38. is ſequestred
and character.
64 from the houſe of Peers, 45 His an-
Sir Robert Anſtruther Ambaladour ſwer to the impeachment, ibid., is de-
into Germany.
( 1109, & 120. Signed Admiral for relief of Rochel,
Argile Eayl declarith himſelf for the 89. is murthered, 90. Things remarke-
Covenanters.
verid 156 able after his fall, 91. His Will, Fut-
Arund 1 Earl is impriſoned. 22. is dif
neral and character.
ibid.
charg<d, 45. and confined again, 53. Sir John Burrowes fain at the Iſle of
sent Ambaſſador into Germany. 139
69
Aſſembly General in Scotland indi- 100
Eted. 152. their 10. Propoſals, ibid.
contracted into two, 153. It is diffob-
ved by the King 156. yet fill con-
tinue th.
161
परी
found On Carlos de Colomas Ambaf-
guilty, 117. condemned and executed,
, 107
ibid. Remarke upon his crimes. 118. A prodigious Cataract upon the Thames
55
fined Ceremonies of the Church, ſtirs about
137
qiz hat King Charles his birth, p. 1. bis
journey into Spain, 2. and return, 3.
T: Ord Balmerino arraigned in Scot-- 1s Proclaimed King, 6. bis Speech in
land, 133. Condemned and after a Parliament, 9.5 Crownedz 20. De-
pardoned.
134 | mands fupply in the ſecond Parl. 33.
Mm 2
Requireth
Rhe.
C.
Lord Audly arraigned, 115. ford. Dador from Spain,
4*
them.
artis, B.

The Contents.
201
99
D.
E
Requireth ſatisfaction concerning Star-chamber, ibid. Great debates a-
Dr. Turner and Mr. Coke,24. char-bout them, 107. Petition againſt
ged with imprudence, 53. vindicated, grievances, 199. Impeach the Lord
54. and again, 61. is in want 63. Lieutenant of Ireland of high Trea-
raiſeth money by Loan, ibid. His ſon, ibid. they juſtifie their charge by
Speech in the third Parliament, 76. Law, 251. Petition against Papiſts,
His ſeveral anſwers to the Petition of 3;2. their Proteſtation.
Right, 81. His Speech concerning The Convocation, Ann. 1640. ſitteth
Tonnage and Poundage, 85. and a after the Parliament, 184. impoſe a
the diſolution of the Parliament, new Oath, 185. grant a Benevolence,
100. his Declaration thereupon, 101. 186. their Canons voted illegal in
His progreffe into Scorland, 125. is
Parliament.
Crowned there, 126. His letter to the Coventry Lord Keeper dieth, 165
Fudges about Shipmoney, 140. Teelds Cuſtomers queſtioned in Parliament,
to the Covenanters in Scotland, 151.
his gracious Declaration to the Scots,
154. raiſeth an Army, 158. goeth a-
gainſt the Scots, 159, & 188. His
Speech in the beginning of the laſt
Parliament, 196. His Speech for
Biſhops, 203. His anſwer concerning Arl of Denbigh Admiral for Re-
lief of Rochel returneth re in-
ning the Lady Mary, 212. and con- fecta.
87
cerning a Triennial Parliament, 214. Sir Dudly Diggs his Prologue --
His anſwer to the Commons Petition gainst the Duke, 32. is committed,
againſi Papiſts, 252. His Speech in
45
defence of the E. of Strafford, 253. Lord Digby his Speech for Epiſco-
Troubled about the Bill of Aitainder, pacy.
216
257. palleth it, 258. writes to the
Lords about it,260. and again, 262
Charles Prince of Wales born. 108
Sir Edward Coke's death.
134
Mr. Clement Coke's bold ſpeech in
Parliament.
24
Denburgh Caſtle fals down, 166.
The Houſe of Commons anſwer to the the repair whereof is hindred,
King concerning Dr. Turner and
167
Mr. Coke, 28. They impeach the The Prince Electors fon drowned, 95
D. of Buckingham of high Treaſon, Sir John Eliot committed, 45
38. grant five subſidies to the King, Overtures of a match between the King
77. Debate the subjects Liberty, 78. of Polonia and the Lady Elizabeth,
Remonſtrance againſt the Duke and
139
others, 83. Their Proteftation 99. 4 Engliſh Ships fever, lent to France,
tumult in their Hoxfe about it, 100.
56
Divers Members queſtioned there- Epiſcopacy aboliſhed in Scotland, 161
fore, 102, and committed, 103. A Earl of Eſſex marpyeth again, 114
bill preferred againſt them in the
Felton
E
E

The Contents.
Stirs in Scotland about the Marqueffe
Huntly,
193.
F.
F
I.
KTM
Elton killeth the Duke of Buck-
ingham,90.is arraigwed and exe-
cuted.
94 Ing James his death and aba .
Finch Lord Keeper vindicates his in racter,
4.
nocence, 202, is voted a Traitor, Fefuites their neſt diſcovered, 75. at
flyeth,
ibid. oddes with the seculars, 111. infolent
A fray in Fleetſtreet, 992. & 106. in Ireland,
Overtures of the French alliance, 3. it Innes of Court Mask,
129
is concladed, 6. s reflex upon it, 7. Diſcontents in Ireland, 123. A Parlia-
The French and Engliſh differ, 61. ment and Synod there! 132
Conclude a peace,
104 Fudges their opinion about Shipmoney,
II2
144
Juxon B. of London made Lord Trea-
ſurer,
736
G.
K.
H.
olan
IIO
HDunce
189
Ades Voyage, 16. Deſcants upon
its ill fuccef
17
Goodman a Prieſt reprieved 205. Re-
monstranced againſt, ibid. He Lord
ning
24.
Kenoul L. Chancellour of Scotland di-
eth,
134
Knighthood tax,
Adington Earl blown up at
Dunce,
Mr. Hamilton leaves the Court in
diſcontent, 63. raiſeth men for Ger-
many, 112, is fent Commißioker in-
ſighted, Oft er
88
ibid. comes to Edenburgh, ibid. re Doctor Archbiſhop
tårnes into England, 151. and again Canterbury, 128. vindicated, 182.
into Scotland, 152. returneth into His Palace beſet with prentices, 187.
England, 153. and again into Scot- Voted guilty of high Treaſon, 307.
land, bagna do 154 Is impeacht by the Commons, 278
Fight between the Hollander and Earl of Leiceſter ſent Ambaſſadour in-
Spaniard in the Downes, 163. an ac to Denmark,
count of that action,
164 Leighton Scotcenjured in the Stay-
Puſtice Howard affaulted by a Papift, chamber,
200 Scotlh Leiturgy ftirs about it,
147
Loan
L:
122
IIO

The Contents.
201
O.
Commons about the positions Tebe
Lady Mary,
P.
Earl of Lindſey
goeth Admiral for the T Hand and Scotland,
159
M.
Loan money refuſed,
64
City of London fined for the tumult a-
bout Dr. Lamb, 89. Petition againſt
Biſhops,
The House of Lords Petition in the
firſt Parliament, 21. Differ with the
He Prince of Orange marrieth
Right, 80, and about the bill of sub the
255
fidies, 84. their Priviledges violated,
199
The Engliſh Lords petition the King
at York,
181
Lord Lowden committed to the Tow-
166
*He Pacification between Eng-
relief of Rochel,
92
land and Scotland,
The Palſgrave dyeth, 122. the young
Prince arriveth in England, 136.His
ill ſuoceſe in Germany, 162.is kept a
Priſoner in France,
163
Robert Parre aged 160. years brought
to London,
130
R. Manwaring questioned in Parliament 1° Caroli, 9. is adjourned
Parliament, 84. and cenſured, to Oxford, 12. Petition againſt Re-
ibid. cufants, 13. is diſſolved, 16
Earl of Marlbrough diſplaced, 89 Parliament 2° Caroli, 21. diſſolved,
Lady Mary marrieth the Prince of
52
Orange,
1255 Parliament 3º Caroli, 74. prorogued,
Earl of Montros deſerts the Covenana 85. meet again, 95. is adjourned, 98.
ters,
195
diffolved,
Biſhop Mountague queſtioned in Par- Parliament 16° Caroli, 182. is diffol-
11 ved, 183. the laſt ſummoned, 192
Bill for a Triennial Parliament pof-
fed,
214
Bill for continuation of the last par-
liament,
D 256
A Parliament in Scotland, 1611 is
sústria prorogued,
162
He Navy ſent to relief Rochel, Contribution towards the repairing of
162
St. Pauls,
24 ook 124
Noy the Atturney Generall dyeth, Peace between England and Spain,
Mb 131
bloHS I TO
disco Earl of Pembroke dyeth, 107. his
Wise dos rolosa character,
A great Poſtilence and reflex upon it,
7
The!
D?
IOI
liament,
N.
**
T"
108

The Contents.
about it,
S
200
65
Q.
TH
The Petition of Right, 79. great debate
80
Popiſh plots diſcovered, 170. & 214
Presbytery the riſe and growth of it,
156
Proclamation in Scotland againſt 14-
S.
mults,
148, 149
Prynn and others cenſured in the Star-
chamber, 145, releaſed, ride in tri-|Ir John Savils project againſt the
umph into London,
Papifts,
The Lady Purbeck cenſured for incon- Scors ill affected to the King, 126.
tinence,
72 Plots againſt him, 133. the beginning
of thoſe troubles, 146. They Petition
againſt the Leiturgy, 149. enter in-
to folemn Covenant, ibid. The
Scotiſh Covenanters demand a ge-
neral Aſſembly and Parliament, 151.
double their guards, ibid. Proteft a-
gainst the Kings Declaration, 155.
"He Queens ſervants diſmiſt, begin to arme, 156. Falfifie their pa-
57 cification, 160. fed commißioners to
The Queen Mother of France comes the King, 168. fend a Letter to the
into England,
158 King of France, ibid. enter England,
188. rout the Engliſh, ibid. oppreffe
Northumberland, 192. Treat with
the Engliſh Lords, 193. their de-
mands,ibid. & 208. with the Engliſh
Commiſſioners anſwers.
Engliſh Ships taged at Bourdeaux,
HE A&tion, 65. The Engliſh
routed there, 70. the ſum of our Shipmoney projected by Noy, 13i.
loffe,
71
the debate about it, 140.is voted a-
Proclamation againſt Recufants, 19, gainſt in Parliament,
94. their infolence,
19 Souldiers billetted in the Countrey,
Reflex upon the difference between the
73
King and Parliament, 53 The Spaniards beaten by the Hollan-
Religion in danger,
96 der in the Downes,
164
Peter Reuben the Spaniſh Agent, The Lord Spenſer bis ſwart reply to
104 the Earl of Briſtow, 32.
Rochellers implore aid from England. Book of Sports on the Sabbath, 128
74 Stoadt furrendred,
88
Relief is ſent to it, 92. is rendred, Strafford, vide Wentworth.
King of Sweden bis harſh demand
from the Paliſgrave, 121. is flain,
ibid.
R.
60
R
201
Thel

The Contents.
T.
impeached, 199. His place of trial,
ibid. Articles againſt him with
his reply, 222, &c. New proofs 'a-
gainſt him, 246. is voted guilty by
the Commons, 252. And by the
Lords, 258. is brought to the Scaf-
fold, 263. his Speach there, ibid.
"He Tearm adjourned to Red-
Death and Character,
264
ding,
19
Weſton made Lord Treaſurer, 89.
Tonnage and roundage great debate s His handſom put off concerning the
84 Dukes funerall, 91. bis Death
Traquair Earl affaulted in Scotland,
135
Williams Lord Keeper diſplaced,
149
A Tumult crying for juſtice against
20. Sentenced in the Star-chamber,
the Earl of Strafford,
145. is enlarged,
Lord Wimbletons houſe burnt ,
93
Secretary Windebank flyeth, 200
Tading
bout them,
200
256
U.
S"
Henry Vane Secret ary : the
cauſe of diffolving the ſhort Para
liament,
183
His Notes of the Councell Table,
246
Y
JAI
Ames Duke of Yorke børne,
129.
W:
L
Ord Wentworth Deputy of Ire-
land, 123. vindicated, 133. im-
00
Adult
to 2008
The end of the Table.
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