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BIOGRAPHICAL. ..ILLIAM BOYD ALLISON, whose distinguished career in G | Congress forms one of the most remarkable and most bril- liant pages in the country’s history, has been a resident of Dubuque, Iowa, since February, 1857. On both sides he is of Scotch-Irish descent, his ancestors being early settlers of Penn- sylvania. His father was born at Bellefonte in that State in 1798, removed to Perry, Ohio, in 1823, and purchased a heavily timbered piece of land in Wayne County which he cleared and developed into a fine farm. Mr. Allison was born on the parental farm just mentioned, near Perry, Ohio, March 2, 1829, and acquired a good country school edu- cation in the neighborhood. At the age of sixteen he entered the academy at Wooster, then the county seat of Wayne County. After- ward he spent a year at Alleghany College, Meadville, Pa., and an- other year at the Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio, returning at the end of that period to Wooster and entering the law office of Hemphill & Turner as a student. While pursuing his legal studies there he spent a part of his time in the County Auditor's office and thus earned a portion of his current expenses. Two years later he moved from Wooster to Ashland, which had become the county seat of a new county, and continued in active practice there until February, 1857, When he removed to Dubuque, Iowa, whither an Older brother had preceded him. Here he has since resided. - - Mr. Allison's father, a Whig, took a prominent part in the politics of his day, voting for and supporting Henry Clay in 1824 and again in 1844. He served for twenty consecutive years as Justice of the Peace and presided over numerous contested neighborhood cases, display- ing in this capacity a remarkable judicial mind as well as unusually sound judgment. The son, inheriting the father's strong character and public spirit, took an active interest in political affairs while re- siding in Ashland County, Ohio. He served as a delegate and also as a Secretary of the Ohio State Convention in 1855, which nominated Salmon P. Chase for Governor. In 1856 he became one of the founders 8 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. of the Republican party in that State, working most effectively in the campaign of General John C. Fremont for President. He was placed upon the ticket for the office of District Attorney, but, the county be- ing Democratic, failed of election. There he formed the acquaintance of Hon. Samuel J. Kirkland, a member of the bar of Mansfield, fourteen miles from Ashland, who moved to Iowa in 1854. Many other young Ohio men were moving West about this time, thus following the ex- ample set by Mr. Kirkland, and this emigration doubtless influenced Mr. Allison to change his residence to the new and growing State. He was a delegate to the convention of 1859 which nominated Mr. Kirkwood for Governor of Iowa, and also a delegate and one of the Secretaries of the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1860 which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President. At the outbreak of the Civil War Governor Kirkwood appointed Mr. Allison a member of his staff and authorized him to raise regi- ments in Northern Iowa and to equip them for service in the field. Mr. Allison had charge of the organization of two regiments in 1861 and two additional regiments in 1862, all having their rendezvous in a camp established at T)ubuque. In the summer of 1862 he was nomi- nated by the Republicans at West Union, Iowa, to represent the old Third District in Conoress, and was elected. He urged Governor Kirkwood to call a special session of the Legislature to pass an act authorizing soldiers in the field and in camp to vote at the State elec- tion of that years, and the lead thus taken by Iowa was followed by many other States in the Union. Mr. Allison’s service in the House of Representatives began March 4, 1863. He was three times reelected, serving in that body until March 4, 1871. In 1870 he was not a candidate for reelection. At the beginning of his second term in the FIouse he was placed on the Committee on Ways and Means, which then had charge of all financial matters relating to taxation, tariff, loans, currency, and the standard of money, and all questions incident thereto. In 1872 Mr. Allison Was elected to the United States Senate to ST1C- ceed Hon. James FIarlan, and he has been continuously a member of that body since that time. His fifth term will expire March 4, 1903. Senator Allison took his seat in the United States Senate March 4, 1873, and was assigned to the Committee on Appropriations, the most important committee of the Senate. He was also placed on the Com- mittee on Indian Affairs, then, as now, an important committee, of which he became Chairman in 1875. He held that position until 1881, when he was made Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. He has held the chairmanship of the latfer committee up to the pres- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 9 ent time, except for two years, when the Democrats had control of the Senate. In 1874 he was made Chairman of a Joint Committee of In- vestigation to examine and make a report respecting the affairs of the District of Columbia, and in this capacity he wrote a report the pro- visions of which were embodied in a bill, made permanent in 1878, that has ever since constituted the municipal government. He has been a member of the Senate Finance Committee since March, 1877, ranking next to the Chairman. He was entitled to the chairmanship in March, 1899, by reason of his seniority on the committee, but it seemed wiser for him to continue as head of the Appropriations Committee, where he had so long served as Chairman. Beginning with his service on the Committee on Ways and Means in the House Senator Allison has been very active and influential in all legislation relating to the currency question, especially in the Resump- tion Act of 1875 and in connection with the Bland bill of 1877. He strongly advocated a gold standard as against the free coinage of sil- ver. The Bland bill, with two amendments introduced by him, was placed in his charge, was passed by both Houses and vetoed by Presi- dent Hayes, and passed over the veto by a two-thirds majority, result- ing in the coinage of about $370.000,000 in silver before it was changed by the act of 1890. In the debates on finis bill he took a leading part, making the closing speech in the Senate in behalf of it and the amend- ment. In this connection a recent writer has said : His contention at that time has been fully vindicated by the history of these two metals from that time until now, and in all the discussions which have taken place, and in all the plans and projects respecting our money standard during these intervening years, he has con- sistently adhered to the position he took at the outset, and has constantly maintained that it was for the interest of the United States to maintain the gold standard upon which we resumed specie payments in 1879, until by international agreement silver and gold could be placed upon a parity in general use throughout the world by the adoption of a common ratio. The policy advocated by him respecting an international agreement and incorporated in the legislation of 1878 was generally accepted by the people of the United States, both the Democratic and Republican parties in their National platforms having declared explicitly in favor of it as the only method of securing the universal circulation of both gold and silver as money metals, locally and internationally. The first international conference was held in 1878. This failed, and Congress unanimously provided for another conference to be held in 1881, which also failed. At both these conferences the United States was represented by able commissioners, at the latter one especially, the three members being Hon. W. M. Evarts, of New York, and Senators Thurman, of Ohio, and Howe, of Wisconsin. Notwith- standing these failures this government still adhered to the policy, and in 1892 Congress made provision for another international conference, which met at Brussels in November, 1892. The United States was represented by five commissioners, chosen by President Harrison, who selected Senator Allison as the Chairman on behalf of this country. He objected to the Sherman Act of 1890, but was overruled by most of the leaders in both PHouses and voted for it with all the other Re- publicans. His fears, however, were soon realized, and in 1893 the act was repealed so far as it related to continued purchases of silver. 10 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. He took a prominent part in the preparation of measures promised by the Republicans in 1896 which resulted in the passage of the Currency Act of March 14, 1900, which provides for a permanent reserve suffi- cient to make certain the convertibility, directly or indirectly, of all forms of money in circulation into gold at the will of the holder, and for the refunding of the great body of the public debt. Senator Allison has also taken a large part in shaping tariff legis- lation from 1877 to the present time, having been an active participant as a member of the Einance Committee in the frequent revisions of the tariff since that time. The Tariff Commission created by Congress in May, 1882, made its report in December of that year, and following this the House considered a bill revising the rates of duty. The Senate Committee on Finance took up the international revenue bill, which passed the House during the preceding session, and attached to it an amendment revising the whole tariff system substantially in accord with the report of the Tariff Commission, but making many changes in the details of that report. The bill as amended passed the Senate after Considerable debate near the ClOSe Of the Session. When it reached the House it led to an acrimonious debate upon the privileges of the two Houses, but a conference was finally agreed upon, and the bill became a law on the day of final adjournment. Senator Allison was a member of the sub-Committee of the Finance Committee which prepared this revision, and a member of the conference on the part of the Senate. He was also chairman of a similar sub-committee in 1885. 87 to investigate the administration of the custom house laws, and reported a bill making a complete revision of the methods of collect- ing the duties and creating new machinery for the classification and appraisement of imports, which passed the Senate in 1888, was later attached to the Mills bill, and finally introduced by Mr. McKinley in the House in December, 1889, and became a law. Senator Allison was also very prominent in connection with the Mills, McKinley, Wil- son, the Dingley tariff bills, introducing the amendment protecting the tin-plate industry and working faithfully and effectively for other large interests as well as for the welfare of the government. He was strongly urged by President Garfield to accept the position of Secretary of the Treasury, a position also tendered him by President Harrison in 1889, and it is well known that he could have taken the portfolio of Secretary of State under President McKinley’s administra- tion, but he declined all these tempting offers, preferring to represent in part the State of Iowa in the United States Senate, that office be- ing more congenial to his tastes and more in the line with his life work and studies. He has been frequently mentioned as an available candi- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 11 date for President, and was three times strongly supported by his own State in National conventions for that office. He has never had a con- suming ambition for the place, however, hence no disappointment lurked in his mind because others were selected as candidates of the Republican party. He is Chairman of the Senate Republican caucus, and in that capacity has charge and control of the business of the Senate. As the recognized leader of the Senate he exerts a wider in- fluence than any other member. His position as Chairman of the Appropriations Committee makes it necessary for him to know the scope of every bill which carries an appropriation of public money, and he is often obliged to be absent from the chamber during the ses- sions to attend to committee work. He is always listened to with the profoundest respect and attention, and carefully investigates all im- portant legislation in the Senate. His record stamps him as a states- man of unusual power and influence, possessed of the highest abilities, and endowed with those lofty attributes of character which win and retain universal confidence. Senator Allison has always been an active though temperate par- tisan, and able to secure the respect and esteem of his political oppo- nents by his fairness of method and deference to the opinion of those who differ from him. He has spoken in every campaign in Iowa since 1862, first making a thorough canvass of his district when he was in the House, and afterward, when elected to the Senate, making a gen- eral canvass of the State. His speeches, though not as attractive in an oratorical sense as those of some of his colleagues, are always in- teresting, entertaining, and instructive. He has sometimes been criti- cised because of his hesitation to express opinions on matters upon which he is called to make decision. This is a mistaken View Of his character. He does not hesitate, but only to give full consideration of the subject. Therefore he does not introduce into the Senate bills of an experimental character or which meet the fancy or suggestion of some one who seeks radical changes in existing conditions. On this account he is often called a conservative in the discussion and consid- eration of public measures. He carries this conservatism into his every day life. He has lived in the same house in Washington, 1124 Vermont Avenue, since 1877. When in Iowa he resides at 1134 Locust Street, Dubuque, which has been his home from August, 1857. He has always been an active and tireless worker on matters of a public char- acter, not only during sessions of Congress, but during most of the vacations. The constant attention of his public duties and his willing- ness to take upon himself the consideration of public questions is prob- ably one of the reasons why he has so much strength in the Senate, 12 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. his associates believing—and rightly, too—that he gives full consider- ation to every matter placed in his charge. In 1854 Senator Allison married Miss Anna Carter, daughter of Daniel Carter, of Ashland, Ohio, who died in 1860. He married again, in 1873, Miss Mary Nealley, of Burlington, Iowa, adopted daughter of Senator Grimes. She died in August, 1883. ;AVID BREMNER HENDERSON, LL.D., of Dubuque, #| Speaker of the House of Representatives in Congress, was born in Old Deer, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, March 14, 1840, and came to America with his parents when he was six years old. The family had one English sovereign when they reached Chicago, where they were met by George Kerr, a nephew of Mr. Hen- derson’s mother, Barbara Legge, who accompanied them in two cov- ered wagons to a rented farm in Winnebago County, Ill. Three years later (1849) they removed to Fayette County, Iowa, where his father, Thomas Henderson, acquired a large tract of government land still lznown as “Henderson Prairie.” - Young Henderson spent his early years on the farm, surrounded by all the conditions incident to a new country. He attended the schools of the neighborhood, one of which was taught by his brother George, and became a famous athlete and wrestler, never neglecting his studies, however, in which he attained great proficiency. At the age of eighteen he entered the Upper Iowa University at Fayette, where he studied for three years, or until the outbreak of the Civil War. An account of his enlistment in that struggle is best told in the words of a recent appreciative writer, as follows: - . . . . Young Henderson made up his mind that it was the duty of young men to drop whatever they might be at and offer their services to their country. With the assistance of two fellow- students a plan was made to spring the question upon the university. One evening after prayers in the chapel he asked permission of the faculty to speak a few moments “on a subject of vital interest to everyone present.” This was a strange request from a student, but giving assurances that he had no complaint and no protest to make, but merely wished to be heard in the interest of all the college, the faculty consented. Immediately young Henderson made his first war speech. Since he was eight years old he had belonged to de- bating societies, some winters attending three during the winter, and was ever ready to debate with feeling and effectiveness whatever he believed to be right and true. At the eon- clusion of the speech referred to he drew a series of resolutions concluding with the words: “We therefore drop our books to fight our country’s battles.” At once he signed the muster roll and was followed by twenty-one fellow-students. He immediately went out into Fayette County, and in six days had increased his little band to 104 men. He was tendered the captaincy of the company, but declined it on the plea that he thought himself too young and inexperienced. Having enlisted on September 15, 1861, it will be seen that he was only in his twenty-second year. He then nominated a man who was in his senior year and much HISTORY OF THE IREPUBLICAN PAIRTY. 13 older than himself, namely, W. W. Warner, a farmer's boy, as Captain. He was elected, and immediately Mr. Henderson was unanimously chosen as First Lieutenant, which he ac- cepted. This band of Fayette County boys mostly went at once to Camp Franklin, at Dubuque, Iowa, where Colonel William B. Allison, then a military aide to Governor Kirkwood, was recruiting troops to furnish Iowa's quota to the Union Army. They marched to Camp Franklin led by Colonel Allison. This was the first meeting of the two men who for nearly forty years have been more like brothers than friends. Some of the other companies in the Twelfth Iowa, to which they were assigned, not being full, Colonel Allison detailed Lieuten- DAVID B. HENDERSON, LL.D. (Photo, copyrighted 1899, by John E. Bilbrough, Sim. Mould, successor, Dubuque, La.) ant Henderson to go back to Fayette County and get more volunteers. He was gone but a few days and returned with thirty-three volunteers, and the whole cost of the expedition was $13.16. Colonel Allison opened his eyes in wonder when most of the money was returned, and asked for an explanation as to how he had accomplished so much with so little expense. Lieutenant Henderson replied that he had found volunteers everywhere to feed and care for his men, and when they reached McGregor the boats had stopped running. He found one boat at Prairie du Chien, opposite McGregor. Most of the men had deserted the vessel, the captain and engineer alone remaining. He made a deal with this boat to work 14 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. their passage down to Dubuque if no charge was made. This proposition was accepted by the captain. Lieutenant Henderson put his thirty-three men on board and they actéd as roustabouts from there to Dubuque, carrying wood, at Clayton City and other points, the young lieutenant shouldering the firewood with the rest of the boys. The men he brought in were added to new companies, Coiâpany C, to which Lieutenant Henderson belonged, not needing any more. + - - Lieutenant Henderson was in the fight at Fort Henry, and, in the absence of the captain, led the company in a desperate charge at Fort Donelson, supporting the Second Iowa Regiment. They moved steadily forward under heavy fire to the first line of breastworks, where he was severely wounded in the head. The ball fractured his jaw. In the battle of Corinth, October 4, 1862, he was again severely wounded, resulting in the amputation of one leg. Before he had re- covered Colonel Allison, at the request of William Larrabee, after- ward Governor of Iowa; and Elias H. Williams, later Judge of the Iowa Supreme Court, appointed him Commissioner of the Board of Enrollment for the Third District of Iowa, and he labored continuous- ly and earnestly to effect the organization of this board and prepared and conducted the draft in 1864. But he was constantly thinking of comrades and friends at the front. Under a call from President Lin. coln for more troops the Forty-sixth Iowa Infantry was organized and Lieutenant Henderson, though he had aiready lost a leg, tendered his services to the Governor and was elected Colonel of this regiment, receiving his commission as such June 10, 1864. He served until the end of his term of enlistment, which was also practically the end Of the war. - , In November, 1865, on the recommendation of Colonel Allison, then a member of Congress from the Third District, Colonel Henderson was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District of Iowa, and served until June, 1869, when he resigned to become a mem- ber of the law firm of Shiras, Van Duzee & Henderson, of Dubuque. He had studied law with Bissell & Shiras, and when Mr. Bissell, then Attorney-General, died, Mr. Shiras, now Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Iowa, tendered him the vacancy, although he had not tried a single case in court. He at once resigned the collectorship and entered vigorously into the practice of the law. Soon afterward he was appointed Assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, resigning in 1871 in order to devote all his energy to the practice of his profession. He at once took high rank as a lawyer, and for years has been one of the leading members of the bar, not only in Dubuque, but in the State. He is now a member of the law firm of Henderson, Hurd, Lenehan & Kiesel. IIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 15 Colonel Henderson's character is admirably portrayed in the follow. ing words of his friend, Hon. Jacob Rich, of Dubuque: With a great aptitude for public affairs and a strong bent towards a public career, he hesitated long before entering upon it. But he had so endeared himself to thousands by his abounding good fellowship, his warm-hearted impulses, his intellectual strength, his political sincerity and tact, that he could not deny them when they called him in 1882 to accept the congressional nomination which they unanimously tendered him, and he was elected to the Forty-eighth Congress by a splendid majority. It is surely a man of remarkable force and tact, of sincerity and honesty and ability, commanding the confidence as well as the friend- ship of party friends and constituents, who can so long overcome the natural antagonisms of opposing interests, personal and political, of his district, as to be able to secure for nine con- secutive terms a unanimous nomination by his party friends, and even more than his party strength, at each resulting election. This Colonel Henderson has done, and it gives one indication of his fitness to lead and harmonize his party in the House of Representatives. Colonel Henderson was first elected to the Forty-eighth Congress. and by successive reelections has continued to serve in that body with distinguished ability and universal satisfaction. His long and active service in the House of Representatives at Washington has made him one of the great commanding figures in our National life, and espe- cially one of the foremost leaders of the Republican party in the United States. December 4, 1899, he was elected Speaker of the House in the Fifty-sixth Congress and was reelected in December, 1901, in the Fifty. seventh Congress, a position he has filled with consummate ability. His tact is proverbial, his judgment cool, his rulings firm but just. A man of magnetic oratory, of ready wit, with a voice of splendid tone and volume, he has few equals, particularly in debate. He is univer- sally popular in Iowa with all classes and all parties despite his sturdy Republicanism. I'Or many years no council of his party in the State has been regarded as complete without him, and three times he has been sent at the head of Iowa's delegations to presidential nominating conventions. He is the idol of the veteran soldiers, whose sturdy champion he has always been. Some years ago he was the orator at the reunion of the Army of the Tennessee, and with the applause of the Veterans of Grant and Sherman denounced war and its horrors and the tendency to glorify the triumphs of arms rather than the agencies of peace. Hence, like his fellow soldier, President McKinley, he was slow in entering upon the struggle with Spain, and a potent force in the President’s inner council that sought first to exhaust every agency short of war to solve the Cuban problem, succeeded in saving the na- tion from the recognition of Cuban independence. He upheld the President in every step taken during that war, and since. He is a member of the Key City Club of Dubuque, the Chicago Club of Chicago, Ill., and the Metropolitan Club of Washington, D. C. The 16 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Upper Iowa University and Cornell College of Iowa conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. Colonel Henderson was married, March 4, 1866, to Augusta A. Fox, and has had three children: Mrs. S. C. Peaslee, Belle S. Henderson, and Don A. Henderson. wººl LLIAM FLETCHER SAPP, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, was §§§ born at Danville, Ohio, November 20, 1824. His grand- father, Daniel Sapp, was born and reared in Maryland, near Prostburg, from which State he moved to Ohio, set- tling in the eastern part of Knox County, adjoining and south of Dan- Ville, Which takes its name from his. There he lived and reared a iarge family, having married Mary Robinson before leaving Maryland. He was one of the pioneers of Knox County, Ohio, passing through all the vicissitudes and trials of a pioneer life. He was the first County Surveyor, which was the only office held by him excepting that of Justice of the Peace, which he held for many years prior and up to his death. Daniel Sapp and Carl Sapp, with three other brothers, served in the War of 1812. John Sapp, Daniel Sapp's oldest child, was born in Knox County, Ohio, and continued to live there until his death in December, 1833. He married Elizabeth Myers, who was born in Cumberland, Md., and emigrated, when a child, with her parents to Knox County, Ohio. John Sapp left a widow and three children—two daughters, Angelina and Louisa, and a son. The eldest daughter married Dr. Allmon F. Stanley and both are now dead. Louisa was married in Knox County, Ohio, where she is still living, having reared two sons and three daughters, all of whom are married. From this it will be seen that William Fletcher Sapp was of Maryland stock. John Sapp was what was commonly called a very prosperous and thrifty man, and was greatly beloved by all who knew him for his honesty, generosity, and superior judgment. He left his widow and children in very good circumstances for that day. Prior to his death he had made arrangements to move his family to Saint Louis, Mo., and had converted all his property into available means. On his death-bed he purchased a farm, upon which his widow maintained herself and raised her three children. The farm adjoined the Town of Danville on the west, and is still regarded as one of the best farms in that part of the country. William Fletcher Sapp lived with his mother and sisters, working on the farm in summer and attending the public schools in winter, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 17 and taking but little interest in education further than to identify himself with the debating societies or lyceums then prevalent in that community, and in which he, when but a young boy, became a prom- inent debater. At the age of fifteen he spent much of his time during the summer months in reading and in such other studies as he was able to master without a tutor, still continuing to attend the public schools in the winter seasons. At eighteen he attended the Martins- burg Academy, an institution under the management of the Presby- terian Church in his native county. Later he commenced teaching school in winter and attending the academy in summer, and continued until he began reading law, in the spring of 1847, in the office of Hon. Columbus Delano and Hon. William R. Sapp, his uncle, of Mount Vernon, the county seat of Knox County, Ohio. He had scarcely be- gan reading for his chosen profession when he was employed by his friends to attend cases before justices of the peace, thereby making enough to maintain himself and, when admitted to the bar, to buy a small library of books with which to commence the practice. The rapidity with which he gained a practice after his admission was re- markable, having during the first term a dozen or more cases in the Court of Common Pleas of J&nox County. He was admitted June 27, 1850, and immediately opened a law office with Hon. Walter H. Smith. He was engaged in the trial of a number of important civil and crim- inal cases during the first year. His success in his practice, and his ability in the trial of jury cases, led his Whig friends to put him on the ticket as their candidate for Prosecuting Attorney in 1850. In 1854 he took an active stand in the Organization of the Repub- lican party, Was nominated Without being a candidate for the office of Prosecuting Attorney, and was elected over James G. Chapman, his Democratic opponent, by 800 majority. In 1856 he was reelected over EIon. Charles Scribner, now of Toledo, Ohio. In 1856 he made political speeches for three months and more, and so exposed himself during that campaign that his health seriously failed. On December 29, 1856, he married Mary C. Brown, of Mount Ver- non, Ohio, daughter of Captain Richard Montgomery Brown, who commanded a company during the War of 1812. She was, in the truest sense of the term, a helpmate to her husband all through life. But few young men succeed on their own merits in acquiring so lucrative a practice as William Fletcher Sapp did at the bar of his native county in Ohio. His reputation as a man of ability in his own profession was not confined to his own county, but extended almost through the whole State. From 1856 to 1860 his health was such that he decided to remove to a locality where the atmosphere was 18 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. purer and dryer, and in the fall of 1859 he started out. After travel- ling considerably through the west, he concluded to remove to Omaha, Neb., which he did in the spring of 1860, where he again entered upon the practice of his profession. Omaha was then a village of from 1,800 to 2,000 inhabitants. In the summer of 1861 he was appointed Adjutant-General of Nebraska Territory by Governor Alvin Saunders, and in the fall of that year he was nominated a member of the Terri- torial Legislative Committee by the Republicans of Douglas County to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of General John M. Thayer, and was elected to that position by the people over Hon. John I. Reddick, then a prominent attorney of Omaha, which position he filled to the satisfaction of the people of that county. In 1862 Major-General Pope issued an order for a regiment of cavalry to be raised in the Territory of Nebraska, to serve for nine months on the frontier against the Indians, and relieve the regular army then stationed at Fort Kearny and other military posts. As Adjutant-General Mr. Sapp aided Governor Saunders in raising the regiment and was appointed its Lieutenant-Colonel. He was put in command of the Department of the Platte upon the resignation of General James Craig, of Saint Joseph, Mo., which position he filled until he was relieved by General McKane. Before the Second Ne- braska Cavalry was mustered out of service Colonel Sapp had made arrangements for a law partnership with Samuel Clinton, of Council Bluffs, and, after spending the winter with his family in Ohio, he moved to Council Bluffs and entered into practice under the firm name of Clinton & Sapp. They had a large and lucrative business in Pottawattamie and adjoining counties, practicing in the Federal as Well as in the State courts. In the fall of 1865 he was elected to represent Pottawattamie Coun- ty in the State Legislature, which position he filled with distinction, and during the session he introduced and had passed a bill locating the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at the City of Council Bluffs. He also intro- duced and had passed through the House of Representatives a bill for holding the State Supreme Court at Council Bluffs. He declined a reelection to the Legislature. In 1869 he was appointed United States District Attorney for the State of Iowa by President Grant, filling that position four years with honor and credit. His success in that office, as shown by the report of the Attorney-General of the United States, is considerably in excess of that of any other United States attorney for that period. He was nominated by the Republican party as their candidate for Congress in the Eighth Congressional District of Iowa to the Forty- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 19 fifth Congress, the district being composed of the Counties of Adams, Audubon, Cass, Fremont, Harrison, Mills, Montgomery, Page, Potta- Wattamie, Ringgold, Shelby, Taylor, and Union. He was elected over Hon. Lemuel R. Bolter, the Democratic and Greenback candidate, by over 4,000 majority, and was again nominated by the Republicans to the Forty-sixth Congress without opposition and reelected, re- ceiving 15,343 votes against 7,453 votes for Colonel John H. Keatley, Democrat, and 7,760 votes for Mr. Hicks, National. During the time he was a Representative from the Eighth Congressional District he intro- duced and secured the passage of a bill providing for holding the United States Circuit Courts at the times and places where the United States District Courts were then held, namely, at Dubuque, Des Moines, Keokuk, and Council Bluffs. He also succeeded in getting bills passed through Congress giving to the City of Council Bluffs Big Lake and Car Lake. He introduced and had unanimously re- ported by the Committee on Public Grounds in both the Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses a bill for the purchase of grounds and erection of a government building in Council Bluffs. As a Repre- sentative in Congress he devoted himself most assiduously to all the Wants and interests of the people of his district. It is said of him that during the time he so represented the people he was never absent from a roll-call during either the Forty-fifth or the Forty-sixth Con- gress. He never failed to answer a letter written to him by any one in his district. In all his official conduct he deported himself most honorably and uprightly. He was nominated by the State Convention of Iowa by acclamation as Elector-at-large for James G. Blaine, the Republican candidate for President, and made quite a State canvass during that campaign. From the time he was admitted to the bar Colonel Sapp devoted himself assiduously to practice, excepting while he was in the mili- täry service and in Congress. The Union Pacific Railroad Company undertook to procure a separate bridge charter over the Missouri River. Against this scheme Colonel Sapp took an active interest, went to Washington, and, mainly through his influence, the proposition for the bridge charter making the terminus of the Union Pacific at Omaha was defeated. Subsequently he, assisted by others, procured the necessary legislation to compel the Union Pacific Railroad Com- pany to build their bridge as a part of the line of their road, and to compel them to perform their legal obligations, and authorized pro- ceedings by mandamus to compel them to do so. After this pro- vision passed Congress he took an active part in the litigation follow- ing to compel the Union Pacific Railroad Company by mandamus to 20 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. operate their road as a continuous line to and from Council Bluffs. All the assistance he rendered in that litigation and the legislation that led to it, as well as the two arguments upon the terminus ques- tion made by him, was free of any charge to the city, he always abso- lutely refusing to accept any pay for his services in this respect, and bearing his own expense to and from Washington and in having his arguments printed. After the firm of Clinton & Sapp was dissolved Colonel Sapp formed a partnership with Hon. Joseph Lyman and Hon. S. J. Hanna, the firm being Sapp, Lyman & Hanna. In a short time Judge Hanna removed to Chicago, after which the firm was Sapp & Lyman, which continued for fifteen years, during all of which time they did a very extensive law practice in the State and Federal courts. January 1, 1884, Hon. Joseph Lyman was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court by Governor Sherman. Immediately Colonel Sapp formed a partnership with N. M. Pusey, of Council Bluffs, the firm name being Sapp & Pusey. As a practicing attorney, as a citizen, as an officer, his record is an honorable one. As a trial lawyer he had few equals in the State, and was regarded as a formidable man to meet in a contest before a jury. Colonel Sapp was a man of Vigorous and healthy constitution, and it is said that he could endure more hard work than any man at the Council Bluffs bar. He possessed a quick and active perception, a retentive memory, and superior judgment. He died November 22, 1890, and was buried in Mount Vernon, Ohio. - - Colonel and Mrs. Sapp had three children, of whom one son sur- wives, William F., Jr., the eldest; two sons died in infancy. Her father, Captain Richard Montgomery Brown, who commanded a com- pany during the War of 1812, was at the battle where Hull surren- dered, but rather than surrender he marched his troops through the wilderness to Mansfield, Ohio, and continued in the service until the close of the war, after which he located at Mount Vernon, Ohio. He was a native of New England, and was remotely related to Daniel Webster. At the end of the war he married Miss Mary Honn, of Knox County, Ohio, but a native of Hagerstown, Md. They reared six sons and four daughters, Mary C. being the second daughter. sº ILLIAM FLETCHER SAPP, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, the §§§ eldest and only surviving son of the late Colonel William Fletcher Sapp, was born in Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, on the 13th of March, 1858. He was educated at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., and is successfully engaged in HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.. 21. the real estate and fire insurance business in Council Bluffs. Like his father he is an ardent Republican. He is a member of the Elks and Of the Sons of Veterans. Mr. Sapp was married, July 19, 1888, to Lucy L. Loomis, of Council Bluffs, Iowa. - fºLAHLON HEAD, first Mayor of Jefferson, Iowa, and now (1902) ãº/Rà a member of the State Legislature, is of English descent, and was born on a farm in Highland County, Ohio, Janu- ary 12, 1835. His father, William M. Head, also a native of that county, born in 1808, died in Jefferson, Iowa, in 1893. He came to Iowa in the fall of 1855 and first settled in Montezuma. He Was a farmer the most of his life. He was Treasurer of POWeshiek County three terms. His wife, Margaret Ferneau, was born in Ohio in 1813 and died in Montezuma, Iowa, in 1894. She was of German descent. Mahlon Head was educated in the common schools of Ohio. He was twenty-one years of age when he came with his parents to Iowa, and since he was twenty-three he has been engaged in the real estate and banking business except during the time he was in the army. He enlisted in August, 1861, in Company F, Tenth Iowa Infantry, and had his first encounter with the Confederates at Bloomfield, Mo. He also participated in the engagements at New Madrid, Mo., Island No. 10, the bombardment of Fort Pillow, the siege of Corinth, the battles of Iuka, Corinth, Raymond, and Jackson, Miss., the siege of Vicks- burg, again at Jackson, and the battles of Mission Ridge, Resaca, and through the Atlanta campaign and Sherman’s march to the sea. He was promoted to Second Lieutenant of his company in the spring of 1862, and was Acting Adjutant after the siege of Vicksburg and the battle of Mission Ridge, in which he was wounded in the left thigh. He was honorably discharged and mustered out of service at Savan- nah, Ga., in March, 1865. Since the war Mr. Head has been successfully engaged in the bank- ing business, most of the time under the firm name of Head Brothers, consisting of himself and Albert Head. He cast his first vote for John C. Fremont for President in 1856, and has voted the straight Republican ticket ever since. He was the first Mayor of Jefferson, Iowa, where he resides, and held that office four years (1870-73). He has served as Chairman of the Board of Su- pervisors of Greene County for six years, and was the first Chief Engineer of the Jefferson Fire Department, serving eight years. He 22 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. was elected to the lower house of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly of Iowa (1900), and in that body served on the Banks and Banking, Private Corporations, Horticulture, Police Regulations, Federal Re- lations, Agricultural College, and Board of Public Charities Com- mittees. He was reelected in 1901, and was placed on the Committees on Ways and Means, Banks and Banking, Claims, Elections, Public Health, Soldiers’ and Orphans' Home, Board of Public Charities, Agricultural College, and Private Corporations, being Chairman of the last named body. He has also served as a member of the Jeffer- son City Council. In these various capacities as well as in the responsible financial positions which have devolved upon him Mr. Head has displayed great ability and public spirit. He has devoted his energies to the best interests of his constituents and gained the confidence and re- spect of all who know him. He is a 32° Mason, a member of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows, a member of George H. Thomas Post, No. 23, G. A. R., of Jefferson, and a communicant of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married, in September, 1866, to Mary L., daughter of John Mullikin, of Montezuma, Iowa. They have ten children living: Florence, Mary M., Dorothy J., Mabel S., John, Mahlon, Jr., Va Va, Rena E., Charles D., and Marguerita. Four sons are deceased. §§TEPHEN J. W. TABOR was for many years one of the most Şı distinguished citizens of Buchanan County, Iowa. He was born in Corinth, Vt., August 5, 1815. At the age of eight years he was bereft of a father's counsels and sympathies, and three years later, when in his twelfth year, his mother died, leav- ing him without a brother or sister, and with very limited resources with which to make a name and influence in the world. He was, how- over, made of the stuff that sooner or later surmounts all difficulties, and devoted his first efforts to the acquirement of an education. He was able, by hard labor and much personal sacrifice, to secure an academical course at a school in Bradford, Vt. While devoting every energy to his scholastic tasks he found time in the intervals to gratify his fondness for literature, and soon acquired a local celebrity as an accomplished and graceful writer. During this time the characteristic which was ever a prominent trait first manifested itself—the love of books. Every spare moment was employed in the public and private libraries to which he could gain access, in poring over catalogues, and STEPHEN J. w. TABOR. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 23 devising means to economize from his meagre funds the where with to obtain such books as his passion craved. In the vast library which he left as the fruit of his lifework, embracing about six thousand vol. umes, there is not one that he could not tell how, when, where, and under what circumstances it was purchased, and he was fond of re- calling the reminiscences of these struggles, schemes, and stratagems in earlier days to obtain some work that he conceived to be necessary to his progress in his chosen pursuit. But while displaying this almost abnormal fondness for general lit- erature he neglected not his text-books, and came out of the academy with high honors. As the most available pursuit, and at the same time the most congenial to his chosen profession, he began teaching a country school, which avocation afforded a fine opportunity for study and the exercise of his abilities. It was in this epoch that he began to contribute to the press, his efforts attracting attention immediately and taking a good place in the current literature. It was at this period also that he translated a work from the French, for a Boston publisher, which brought him into considerable prominence and for which he was highly complimented. - He now began to think of taking another step forward and upward. He therefore resolved to enter the journalistic field, and, going to New York, he sought and obtained a position on the editorial corps of the Beacon, a weekly paper of considerable prominence. Here he re- mained until soon after the New York Sun was established by B. H. Day, when he accepted a position on the staff of that paper, holding it until warned by failing health that he must seek another and less wearing profession. It is not improbable that his enforced retire- ment from journalism at this time changed the whole current of his life. He had an especial love for the profession, and possessed the Qualities which would doubtless have made him one of the most in- fluential editorial writers of the age. In 1837, however, he removed to Ashfield, Mass., and studied medicine with Dr. Charles [nowlton, and while here became attracted with the charms of his tutor’s daugh- ter. His love was generously requited, and a few months witnessed their happy union. His choice was a happy one, and until her death, in 1846, she proved an affectionate and faithful helpmeet, bearing him two children, both of whom, however, died in infancy. Judge Tabor was an inbred Jeffersonian Democrat until the en- “roachments of the slave power and its results to the country obliter- ated that distinction, after which time he steadfastly voted with the IRepublicans. Pſe took an active part in the Harrison-Van Buren cam- paign, both as chief editor of the Hampshire Republican, a Democratic 24 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. paper, and on the stump, where, in the Counties of Hampshire, Hamp- den, and Franklin, he made his first political speeches. In the follow- ing winter (1840-41) he received a diploma from the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons in New York City, and in the next spring he re- moved to Shelburne Falls, Mass., and began the practice of medicine. He remained here until the death of his wife, when he re-embarked in journalism as editor and publisher of the Northampton Democrat. Here he was put forward for political preferment, in 1847, as the Demo- cratic candidate for Congress, but, though proving an exceptionally strong candidate, his party was not strong enough to elect him. Re- turning to Shelburne Falls in the same year, he was married to Miss Mary A. Sherman, who survived him. He re-commenced the practice of medicine, which he followed with great success until 1855, when he moved West to Independence, Iowa. During the last named interval the slavery question began to assume formidable proportions and to call for the attention of thoughtful minds and earnest hearts, Judge Tabor speedily allied himself with the Free Soil party, and from this time forward labored with zeal and devotion and with all the power of his rich mind for the anti-slavery cause. To one who, gifted by na- ture and fitted by years of training and intense study, with the wisdom to foresee, the courage to act, and the noble instincts of humanity and justice to prompt, was permitted to live through that great crisis of the Nation’s life and ally himself with the grand cause of human equality, there is a heritage far nobler and better and more to be prized than the achievements of a lifetime of toil for wealth, no mat- ter how successful. - In the first year after his arrival at Independence Judge Tabor con- nected himself as editor and part proprietor of the Civilian, the prede- cessor of the Conservative. The same year he was elected County Judge, and served a number of successive terms, finally declining the position. He was then chosen to fill the office of Treasurer, and subse- quently that of Recorder, in which he was serving when tendered, in 1863, by President Lincoln, the position of Fourth Auditor of the Treasury at Washington. It was just previous to this appointment that the Guardian introduced him as a candidate for the office of Gov- ernor, contrary, however, to Judge Tabor's wishes. There is scarcely a doubt that he could have been nominated and elected had he so chosen, but for prudential reasons he declined to run. He was at this time in very moderate circumstances, and as the Governor’s salary was then a merely nominal one he felt that in justice to neither himself nor his family could he accept. The Washington appointment suited him much better; he accepted it, and soon left to take up its functions. EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 25 His conduct of that office during the fifteen years of his tenure is a record of signal ability and faithfulness. The duties of the position frequently involved the transaction of large and important affairs, and the solution of vexing and intricate questions. In these he displayed an aptitude so great, a manner so gentle yet firm, and an impartiality so marked, that it was with sincerest regret his associates learned of his resignation. In 1878, feeling weary of the continual care and nervous strain, he resolved to return to private life, and he therefore returned to Independence and entered into a partnership with his cousin, Dr. P. Tabor, and the latter's son, B. W., in the drug trade. This partnership existed for something over three years, when Judge Tabor, feeling the necessity for still more rest and quiet, sold his inter- est to B. W. Tabor and retired to the privacy of his books. With these he afterward communed, and the last sad words were spoken by the preacher while his inanimate clay was surrounded by these mute but eloquent friends. He died May 10, 1883. Judge Tabor was, personally, a kind and sympathetic gentleman. To his kindness many a student, who had been generously bidden to the hospitality of his fine library, can testify, as well as to his sym- pathy, manifested in kindly advice to all who sought to avail them- selves of his deep store of information. He was, while positive in his convictions on theological and other questions, tolerant and at- tentive to the opinions of others, and never arrogant or obtrusive. He never sought to display that erudition which was the accomplishment of his long and laborious studies, yet no one ever listened to him, either from the rostrum or in private conversation, who did not feel its influence. The Buchanan County Bulletin, in an appreciative article, said of him : Judge Tabor, in both public and private life, was identified with the interests of Inde- pendence and Buchanan County from a very early period. His residence among us antedates the Rebellion, and in the early polities of Iowa, or more particularly Northern Iowa, he was a conspicuous figure, being at one time urged for the position of Governor, and perhaps only prevented from adding this to his other honors by an emphatic refusal of the use of his name. He has several times been called to positions of trust and honor within the county, bringing to the duties thereof the qualities of faithful and self-sacrificing application and very distinguished ability. Likewise, when a servant of the government, during fifteen years at Washington, he so ably administered the affairs of his office as to win the approbation of his superiors and the warm personal esteem of his compeers. In all his busy life, years fraught with the vexations of a public career, and oftentimes with the struggles of poverty and misfortune, he found time to round out a social nature, and to develop an esthetical literary culture and breadth of information that were the wonder of every acquaintance, and gave him more than a local standing among the litterateurs of his time. In speaking of Judge Tabor's remarkable library an intimate friend, J. Fred. Myers, said: 26 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. It was exceedingly appropriate that the last days of earth should be spent in that dear library where six thousand familiar and confidential friends stood around him in mute sym- pathy. He both knew and loved books. His library was not a mere book collection. Not a book was placed upon the shelves except for a special purpose or to complete and round out a special theme. His library is a fair index of the many sided character of the man. Especially is his collection of theological works most complete. The twelve hundred vol- umes devoted to this theme comprise every phase of religious inquiry. Rare editions of the Bible share the shelves with the Koran. The complete works of Erasmus (a special favorite), of Luther, Calvin, Wesley, and a host of orthodox authors rest peacefully with Tom Paine, Strauss, Renan, and Schleirmacher. Few theologians in modern times have so rich and carefully selected a library on religious themes. Thirty years of thought were spent in the selection, and quite every book had been read and examined before it was placed on the shelves. tº AMES PERRY CONNER, of Denison, member of Congress Tº from the Tenth Congressional District of Iowa, was born in Delaware County, Ind., on the 27th of January, 1851. His father, William Conner, born in 1817 in North Carolina, was a physician, and died in 1854. His mother, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1818, after the death of Dr. Conner married again and with her family moved to Black Hawk County, Iowa, settling on a farm. Judge Conner was educated in district schools and subsequently studied for four years at the Upper Iowa University at Fayette. In 1872 he entered the law department of the Iowa State University at Iowa City, from which he was graduated in June, 1873. A little later he opened an office at Denison and soon found himself in a lucrative practice. In 1880 he was elected District Attorney of the Thirteenth Judicial District, and on January 1, 1881, assumed the duties of that office, which he held for four years, discharging its duties with marked ability and satisfaction. In 1884 he was elected Circuit Judge of the same district, and in 1886 he was reelected to that office in the new (Sixteenth) district, composed of the Counties of Greene, Crawford, Carroll, Sac, Ida, and Calhoun, having the unanimous support of both the Republican and Democratic parties. Declining a renomination at the expiration of his term in 1891, he resumed the practice of law at Denison, and has continued in it ever since. On September 26, 1900, Judge Conner received the Repub- lican nomination for Congress to succeed Hon. John P. Dolliver, re- signed, and at the general election in November he was elected by the largest majority ever given a candidate for the office in his district (the Tenth), which embraces fourteen counties—Boone, Calhoun, Car- roll, Crawford, Emmet, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Humboldt, Kos- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 27 suth, Palo Alto, Pocahontas, Webster, and Winnebago. His ma- jority over the Democratic candidate, Mr. Dale, was 15,936. Casting his first presidential vote for General Grant in 1872, Judge Conner has always been a loyal, earnest, and influential Republican, active and effective in campaign work, and one whose counsel and ad- vice in party affairs have been constantly sought. At the bar he has displayed that ability and learning which distinguish the eminent lawyer, while on the bench he gained a reputation as a broad minded, safe, and brilliant jurist, whose only aim was the impartial adminis- tration of justice. As a citizen no man stands higher in the esteem and confidence of the community. He faithfully and conscientiously represented the best interests of his constituents in the Fifty-sixth Congress. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conven- tion in 1892 and a firm supporter of General Harrison for renomina- tion. He is President of the Denison Business Men’s Association and one of the largest stockholders and a Director of the Crawford County State Bank of Denison. In his religious affiliations he is a Methodist. Judge Conner was married on the 12th of October, 1875, to Miss Alice M. Cowdery, of Mazomania, Wis. sº ILLIAM L.ARRABEE, of Clermont, twice Governor of Iowa # and for eighteen years a member of the State Senate, has made a notable record in the history of the commonwealth where he has so long resided. He is the seventh of nine children of Captain Adam A. Larrabee, born March 14, 1787, died October 25, 1869, a distinguished Connecticut soldier and farmer, who was graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1811 and served with great honor in the War of 1812-15. In the St. Lawrence River campaign Captain Larrabee took part in the attack on La Colle Mills as First Lieutenant of artillery, and was shot through the lungs, the bullet being now preserved as a relic in the Iowa State Historical Department at Des Moines. He was promoted to a captaincy for his heroic conduct in this battle, and resigned with this rank in 1815. In 1817 he married Hannah Gallup Lester, born June 8, 1798, died March 15, 1837, whose father, Nathan Lester, born July 25, 1742, died October 10, 1813, was a Revolutionary soldier, as was also Captain Larrabee's father, who, after the war, became a lawyer. After the close of the War of 1812 Captain Farrabee engaged in farming and in business enterprises, accumulating a fortune. He was prominent in politics, serving as a member of the Legislature, as 28 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Railway Commissioner for the State of Connecticut, as Presidential Elector for William Henry Harrison in 1840, and in other positions of trust and responsibility. Governor William Larrabee was born in Ledyard, Conn., January 20, 1832, and inherited all the sterling characteristics of his distin- guished ancestors. Having received a common school education in his native State, supplemented with two months in a private academy and the elements of a business training under his father, he decided to move West, which he did in 1853, settling in Iowa. He taught School in Hardin, Allamakee County, for a time, and then worked on a farm for three years. In 1856 he engaged in the milling business in Clermont and so continued until 1873, when he sold out and spent three months in Europe. This was his first vacation. During his younger years he worked early and late, often twenty hours a day for months at a time. Thus he achieved success, and it is the advice he gives to young men who would succeed. After returning from Europe he engaged in banking and farming, and has ever since continued in the enlargement of his interests in Iowa banks and Iowa farms. He owns stock in several banks in the northern part of the State and is probably the owner of more land than any other man in Iowa. With Senator Doolittle, of Wisconsin, and Ex-Governor Dillingham, of Connecticut, Mr. Larrabee was appointed an arbitrator to appraise the property of the Green Bay and Mississippi Canal Company prepar- atory to its transfer to the United States government, and the prop- erty was taken on the appraisement of this board. In 1868 Mr. Larrabee was elected to the Iowa State Senate, and he was four times renominated by acclamation without opposition and reelected in a district which began to send Democrats in his place as soon as he retired. During his long service in the State Senate he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means most of the time, in which capacity he had the widest opportunity for the exercise of his acknowledged business talents. In the fall of 1885 he resigned his seat in the Senate to accept the Republican nomination for Governor of Iowa. He was elected, receiving 175,504 votes against 168,502 for Charles C. Whiting, the Democratic and Fusion nominee. Two years later he was reelected, this time receiving 169,686 votes against 153,526 for T. J. Anderson, the Fusion and Democratic candidate. Governor Larrabee's administration was a highly successful one. He was thoroughly informed about State affairs, knew what was needed, and gave to the State institutions the closest personal atten- tion. By personal investigation he ascertained just what they were doing, and inaugurated many needed reforms. |HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 29 He exercised a large influence in politics in Iowa for a long term of years, and is yet counted as one of the potent factors of Republicanism in the State. He joined the Republican party in 1856, casting his vote for John C. Fremont, and has voted for every Republican presi- dential nominee since that time. . When the Legislature passed the board of control law in 1898 it was admitted, even by its friends, that its success depended very large- ly upon the character of the men appointed to the board. Governor Larrabee was by common consent selected as the best man for its chairman, which position he accepted upon the urgent solicitation of Governor Shaw, and he filled it to the entire satisfaction of the people of Iowa. He has brought to every official duty great executive ability, a broad public spirit, and all the eminent qualifications which dis- tinguish the successful man of affairs. He has long been a trustee of the Presbyterian Church in Clermont and a liberal supporter of Other denominations. September 12, 1861, Governor Larrabee married, in Clermont, Iowa, Miss Ann M. Appelman, who has faithfully and ably borne her share in all his undertakings, and who is scarcely less prominent through- out the State than her distinguished husband. She has been for many years the Superintendent of the Union Sunday School in Clermont. They have had seven children : Charles, of Armstrong, Iowa, born June 13, 1862; Augusta, born May 21, 1864, married, August 20, 1896, Victor B. Dolliver, and died in Minneapolis, Minn., March 14, 1897; Julia, born January 3, 1867, married, August 18, 1891, Don L. Love, and resides in Lincoln, Neb.; Anna, born March 9, 1869, at home; William, Jr., of Clermont, born December 11, 1870, who was graduated from the collegiate and law departments of the State University of Iowa, served as a private, Captain, and Commissary during the Span- ish-American War, and is now (1902) a member of the Iowa Legisla- ture; Frederic, born November 3, 1873, a graduate of the collegiate and law departments of the Iowa State University and a student at the Columbia Law School in New York City, and now a resident of Fort Dodge, Iowa; and Helen, born November 30, 1876, a graduate of the State University of Iowa. 5. ATHANIEL MEAD HUBBARD, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, one fººl of foremost railway lawyers in the State, is the son of Ansel Hubbard and Mary Mead, daughter of Nathaniel - and Mary (Buryl) Mead, of New Jersey, and a lineal de- scendant of George Hubbard, who was born in England in 1601, came 30 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. to America in 1624, and settled in Middletown, Conn. His maternal great-grandfather Buryl was the first Chancellor of New Jersey. Judge Hubbard was born in Oswego, N. Y., September 24, 1829. When he was seven years of age his father moved to Troopsburg, Steuben County, N. Y., where the latter resided until his death, hav- ing been all his life a Methodist preacher and farmer. He spent his boyhood days at hard work on the farm, and under the tutorship of an elder sister acquired a knowledge of the Common English branches, studying evenings before a pine knot fire after his regular labor was done. In this manner he developed a strong, rugged constitution as well as naturally bright intellectual powers, and in time found him- self equipped to teach a country school. He continued his studies out of school hours until he was twenty years old, when he entered Alfred University, a well known Seventh Day Baptist institution of learning at Alfred, N. Y. From this he was graduated in 1852. Having accomplished the work of educating himself for a profession almost entirely through his own energy and indomitable perseverance, he now entered upon the active preparation of a lawyer in Hornells- ville, N. Y., whence he soon moved West, locating at Marion, Iowa, April 14, 1854. Before he left his native State he had married (Feb- ruary 2, 1853) Mary, daughter of Zenas Wise. He continued the practice of law in Marion until the Civil War broke out, when he en- tered the Union Army and served about three years. Though he never boasts of his war record he has seen much more service than the aver- age soldier, and is far more deserving of military distinction than many who tell about what they have done. He simply did his duty. He raised a company in Linn County and entered the service as Captain on August 25, 1862, of Company F, Twentieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He served in General Herron's division of the Army of the Frontier until March, 1863, when he was promoted to Provost- Marshal and Judge-Advocate on the staff of General Herron. He was transferred to the Thirteenth Army Corps, Major-General Ord commanding, June 2, 1863, and went to Brownsville, Texas, as Judge- Advocate and Provost-Marshal of that corps. He resigned for disabil- ity April 20, 1865, and was brevetted Major for faithful and meritor- ious services March 16, 1867. On November 15, 1865, Mr. Hubbard was appointed District Judge to fill a vacancy, and served one year, when he was succeeded by James H. Rothrock. He left the bench to enter the legal department of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company, and has been in that company’s service ever since, most of the time as its Iowa attor- ney. He moved to Cedar Rapids in 1870. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 31 No man has acquired a more complete knowledge of Iowa than Judge Hubbard. It has been a part of his duty to know and measure the importance of all the elements and influences that could affect the great property he represents in the State, and the errors of judgment he has made in law or in the discharge of other duties have been very few. His keen insight into the motives and purposes of men have been of the greatest value to the important interests intrusted to his (a.I’e. - He has been eminently successful. In the important litigation in which the Northwestern has been engaged Judge Hubbard’s plan of conducting it, when differing from that of other lawyers, has on several occasions proved to be the correct one. This was especially instanced in the long and short haul cases of several years ago. Outside of his professional work Judge Hubbard has contributed materially to the growth and advancement of his community and particularly to the interests of the Republican party, of which he has always been a stanch and loyal member. He has been more or less active in politics from the time he settled in Iowa, and has often rendered valuable and effective service as a campaign speaker. His political discussions, like his legal arguments, are always sound and strong and logical. He has also done some literary work of high order. Whatever appears with his name attached is eagerly read in Howa because the people know they will find it full of ideas presented with telling force and in clear cut, direct language. He is a member of the Loyal Legion and President of the Society of the Army of the Frontier. Some of the most inspiring patriotic addresses ever given in the State have come from his pen, among them a tribute to the flag, which has been recommended by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction for use in the public schools. . Judge Hubbard's first wife died September 17, 1857, leaving two children, Jessie and Jennie, twins, born in 1856, Jessie married George K. Barton, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1878, and died in 1894. Jennie was married in 1877 to John W. Nye, and died in 1882, leaving two children: Hubbard Nye and Mary Nye. In 1859 Judge Hubbard married Katherine, daughter of James K. and Mary W. Hervey, of Marion, Iowa. They have one son, Nathaniel Mead Hubbard, Jr., born February 14, 1860, who was graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1882, resigned from the navy in 1885, was admitted to the bar in 1887, and is now a member of the well known law firm of Hubbard, Dawley & Wheeler, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, of which his father is the head. 32 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. gº OSEPH INEA REED, of Council Bluffs, Iowa, was born in § ºf Ohio on the 12th of March, 1835. His parents, William and Rosannah (Lyle) Reed, were natives of Pennsylvania, ------------------- William being a well known farmer by occupation. He is a lineal descendant of Joseph Reed, of the Revolution, and of Robert Lyle, also a Revolutionary soldier. Judge Reed remained on the paternal farm until he was eighteen years of age, after which he alternately attended and taught school, thus paying his own way. After finishing his literary studies at the Vermillion Institute in Hayesville, Ohio, he entered the law office of Dodge & Boyle, of Adel, Iowa, where he settled upon attaining his majority, and Where he was admitted to the bar in April, 1859. Judge Reed practiced his profession at Adel until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, when, in July, he enlisted in the Second Iowa Battery of Light Artillery. He remained in the service four years, being mustered out as Captain in June, 1865. Returning home, he resumed the practice of law at Adel, which he continued for four years, and during that time (1866-68) served as a Imember Of the State Senate. In 1869 he moved to Council Bluffs and practiced one year as a member of the firm of Montgomery, Reed & James, which then changed to Reed & James. He was City Solicitor in 1871-72. September 1, 1872, he was appointed to fill a vacancy on the District Court bench, Third Judicial District. Afterward he was elected and served three successive terms, until 1884, as District Judge. He was then elected to the Supreme Court bench of Iowa, and after serving five years was elected to Congress from the Ninth Congressional District. At the expiration of his term Judge Reed was appointed Chief Jus- tice of the Court of Claims in the territory comprising Arizona and New Mexico, including business also from Colorado, the place of hold- ing court being in New Mexico. In all his varied relations Judge Reed has maintained a high stand- ing, and is universally recognized as an able lawyer, a conscientious and fearless judge, and a clean handed, high minded man. He is an earnest Republican, and when not in office has taken an active part in politics. He is a member of the Free Masons and Elks, and also belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, the Loyal Legion, the Union Veterans, and the Presbyterian Church. November 1, 1865, he married, at Ashland, Ohio, Miss Jeannette E. Dinsmore, who died July 27, 1887. On February 8, 1893, he mar- ried Miss Edith M. Evans, of Malvern, Iowa, by whom he had one child, now deceased. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 33 Nº OSEPH G. HUTCHISON, a leading citizen and Republican of Ottumwa, Iowa, was born in Northumberland County, Pa., September 11, 1840, of Scotch-Irish parentage. His father's ancestors came from Scotland, while his mother's parents, the Caldwells, emigrated from the North of Ireland in 1798. JOSEPH G. HUTCHISON. His paternal grandmother, whose maiden name was Guilford, was of English descent. His paternal grandfather was prominent in public affairs in Pennsylvania, and at an early age represented his district in the General Assembly. 34 HISTORY OF THE EREPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Hutchison was educated at Dickinson Seminary in Williams- port, Pa., from which he was graduated in June, 1862. On August 10 of the same year he enlisted as First Lieutenant in the One Hun- dred and Thirty-first Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and was as- signed with his regiment to the Army of the Potomac. He partici- pated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Antietam, and Chancellors- Ville, and also took part in the Gettysburg campaign as Captain of Company I, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Captain Hutchison, after leaving the army, took up the study of law, and Was graduated from the Cleveland (Ohio) Law School in the Spring of 1865. In December of the same year he settled in Ottumwa, Iowa, and formed a partnership with Hon. E. H. Stiles. He con- tinued in practice until 1872, when he assisted in organizing the Johnson Ruffler Company and the Ottumwa Iron Works. In 1873 he went to Europe On business and spent nine months in London and other large cities. In 1875 he resumed the praetice of the law, and so Continued until 1879, When he was elected to the lower house of the State Legislature, Where he served one term. In 1881 he received the nomination for State Senator and was elected. He was reelected in 1884, thus rendering ten years' service in the Legislature. During his senatorial terms he was a member of the Ways and Means and Judiciary Committees, being for four years Chairman of the former, the leading committee of the Senate, and it is said he had more to do in Shaping the policy that paid off the State debts than any other man in the Senate. He was the author of the registration system for elec- tions which is now giving great satisfaction to men of all parties. Mr. Hutchison also devoted a great share of his attention to railroad legis- lation, and organized the committee which took the matter in charge and at last brought about reforms that proved advantageous to the people. He received the nomination for Governor from the Republican party in 1889, at a time when reaction against prohibition was unusually strong. Many Republicans voted for Governor Boies on account of prohibition and because Captain Hutchison stood manfully upon the platform of his party. Two years later Eiram Wheeler was nomi- nated by the Republicans for Governor against Governor Boies, when the same issue was presented, and Mr. Wheeler was defeated by 10,000 majority—4,000 more than the majority Mr. Boies obtained over Mr. Hutchison. It thus became evident that Captain Hutchison was not defeated on personal issues. Eſe has also had a successful business career. He was one of the promoters of the Ottumwa National Bank and served seven years HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 35 as its President, resigning to accept the nomination for Governor. In May, 1891, he engaged in the wholesale grocery business, which he still conducts under the firm name of J. G. Hutchison & Co., his part- ner being C. E. McElroy. He is a man of acknowledged ability, active- ly identified with every worthy movement, and honored and respected for those sterling qualities of manly integrity which invariably win SUICC 62.SS. Mr. Hutchison has been twice married. His first wife was Sarah L. Taylor, whom he married November 4, 1868. She died November 2, 1896. For his second wife he married Mabel Vernon, daughter of Hon. J. W. Dixon, June 23, 1898. #º AMUEL McNUTT, of Muscatine, one of the pioneers of Iowa, $ºl and a man whose activity in shaping and preserving the history of the State, was born in the North of Ireland, twenty miles west of Londonderry, on the 21st of Novem- ber, 1825. He is the son of Samuel McNutt and Hannah Stewart, and descends from a Scotch family of noted ancestry. Mr. McNutt came to America when eleven years old, and after a brief stay in Philadelphia settled in New Castle County, Del., near the village of Newark. His mother was then a widow with seven children, of whom Samuel was the eldest. For forty years she de- voted her life and energies to the education and interests of her three boys and four girls, and had the happiness of seeing them all honorably settled in life. Her second son, Robert, became an eminent physician in Louisiana, but as he was a Union man he barely escaped to the North, losing all his property in the South. Governor Kirk- wood appointed him assistant Surgeon of the Thirty-eighth Iowa In- fantry. The third son, James, also joined the Union forces, being at- tached to the medical department of the regular army, and for more than one year had medical charge of Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip below New Orleans. Mrs. McNutt died in Iowa, December 24, 1874, at the age of eighty-five. Samuel McNutt passed his boyhood working on a farm in Delaware. Books were few, and his early training was largely from the “Cate- chism,” “Psalms of David,” “Proverbs of Solomon,” “Scotch Mar. tyrs,” and Weems’s “Life of Washington.” He contributed some poems to the Temperance Star, of Wilmington, Del., which attracted the attention of Dr. J. S. Bell, of Newark, who assisted him to secure an education. During his college days he contributed to Peterson’s 36 |HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Magazine, Neal’s Gazette, Godey's Lady’s Book, the Saturday Courier, and other publications, and his writings had a wide circulation. After leaving college Mr. McNutt engaged in teaching, and at the same time studied law under the direction of Hon. Daniel M. Bates, then Secretary of the State of Delaware. In 1851 he moved to Mil- waukee, Wis., was admitted to the bar, and began active practice there, but, being offered a professorship in a collegiate institution in Hernando, Miss., he went to that place and remained two years. In 1854 he returned North and located in Muscatine, Iowa. In 1856 he was Principal of the First Ward public school. In that year he and D. F. Wells edited the first educational magazine in the State, called the Voice of Iowa, published by Dr. Enos, of Cedar Rapids. At the Close Of the year he bought a half interest in the Muscatine Enquirer and became its editor. Later he was associate editor of the Dubuque Herald, under the management of Joseph B. Dorr, and remained in that capacity until 1860, when the paper was sold to Mahoney & Co. Mr. McNutt had been a Democrat in politics, and a friend and sup- porter of Stephen A. Douglas, but when the Southern States began to Secede and War was threatened he came out strongly in favor of the COnstitution and the administration of Abraham Lincoln, supporting it by every means. The Herald being opposed to the administration, Mr. McNutt, at the request of Democratic friends, started the Daily Evening Union to counteract the influence of the Herald. This paper was discontinued in about a year with heavy financial losses, and Mr. McNutt became one of the editors of the Dubuque Times. In the fall of 1862 he moved his family to Muscatine, where he has since resided. In 1863, while he was recruiting for the Eighth Iowa Cavalry, he was nominated and elected by the Republicans of Musca- tine County for Representative to the Tenth General Assembly, and was twice reelected. He was then elected to the Senate without oppo- sition. He was Chairman of the committee which investigated the Fort Madison Penitentiary in 1872, which prevented the State paying a bogus claim of $47,000, and recommended a new penitentiary where rock could be quarried. He was a pioneer in the introduction of bills for the control of railroad corporations, and secured the passage through the house of the Gue bill to drive out of Iowa the “wild cat’” currency then in circulation. In 1872 Mr. McNutt was a candidate for the Republican nomination for State Treasurer and had a large following. He was prominent in the Grange movement, and the author of the monster petition, signed by 70,000 farmers, asking for legislation to regulate railroad charges. President Harrison appointed him, August 13, 1890, to be HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 37 United States Consul at Maracaibo, Venezuela, but the climate was not suitable to his health and he soon resigned and returned to Iowa. He was City Judge in 1894 and 1895. For twenty years he was an officer of the Muscatine Agricultural Society. He is a member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America and the Presbyterian Church. He joined the Washingtonians when a boy, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in 1851, the Union League in 1861, and the Patrons of Hus- bandry in 1872. Mr. McNutt was married, April 14, 1857, to Anna E. Lucas, of Ports- mouth, Ohio, niece of Governor Robert Lucas, of that State. She died in August, 1889, while on a visit to their son William in Nebraska. Their living children are William L., of Ord, Neb.; Robert S., a dentist, of Muscatine; and Samuel B., a dentist, of Des Moines, Iowa. *ILBERT S. GILBERTSON, of Forest City, State Treasurer § of Iowa, was born in Spring Grove, Houston County, Minn., October 17, 1863. When a lad of sixteen his parents re- moved to Worth County, Iowa, settling on a farm near where the town of Manly Junction is now situated. Here he laid the foundation which bore fruit in a rugged manhood and admirable citizenship. Five years later, when he had just passed his twenty- first birthday, he moved to Forest City, equipped with the advantages of the public school and the Janesville Academy (from which he had graduated) and Commercial College of Janesville, Wis. During the next four years he was employed in the farm implement and general mercantile business. In 1888 he was elected Clerk of the District Court of Winnebago County, which office he filled with credit to him- self and to the entire satisfaction of court officials and attorneys for nearly four terms, when he resigned to accept a high office, having been chosen by the Republicans of the Forty-first District, comprising Winnebago, Worth, and Mitchell Counties, to represent them in the State Senate. His record in the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assem- blies, and also in the extra session to revise the code of Iowa, was one that stands out in bold relief as clean, capable, and conservative. In these three sessions his ability was recognized. He was not a con- spicuous talker, yet he accomplished much, and his influence became felt on the floor and in the committee room, and he proved himself worthy of the trust reposed in him. He was Chairman of the Com- mittee on Enrolled Bills during the extra session and had arduous duties before him which he never shirked. He was a member of the 38 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Committees on Ways and Means and Appropriations, besides various minor committees. He bore the distinction at the extra session of never missing a roll call or dodging a vote, which in itself is a record that means more than appears at first thought. He was the author of the present banking law, which is the most stringent ever placed on the statute books. He is a banker, yet in the framing of this law he looked out for the interests of the people at every turn. He is also the author of the law taxing corporations for filing articles of incor- poration, which has brought into the State treasury many thousands of dollars. He also suggested that fees be charged for notarial com- missions, which affords a considerable revenue. Mr. Gilbertson Cast his first VOte for James G. Blaine for President in 1884, and ever since then has been an active and influential worker for the Tepublican party. He was City Treasurer of Forest City for ten years, Secretary of the Board of Education for seven years, and Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee in 1891, 1892, 1896, and 1900. In November, 1900, he was elected Treasurer of the State of Iowa by about 100,000 majority, and now holds that position. FIis official, business, and private career has been one of exceptional excellence. He is public spirited and enterprising, and enjoys the esteem of his own community as a man of integrity of character, hon- esty of purpose, reliability in business affairs, and excellent judgment. He is genial, clear-headed, large-hearted, generous-handed, and modest. He is the friend of the farmer, the laborer, and the people, and is fully conversant with their wants. He is President of the Buf- falo Center State Bank, Cashier of the Forest City National Bank, Secretary of the Forest City Ioan and Abstract Company, a Director of the First National Bank of Thompson, Vice-President of the First National Bank of LakeMills, President of the Crystal Lake State Bank, President of the First National Bank of Titanka, Iowa, President of the First National Bank of Hanley Falls, Minn., and Secretary of the Northwestern Land and Colonization Company of Forest City, Iowa. He is a Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias. August 29, 1889, Mr. Gilbertson married Miss Belle D. Whitney, who has borne him two daughters: Iva and Gladys. jºr ANCIS MARION DAVIS, a successful lawyer and prom- ſº inent Republican of Corning, Adams County, Iowa, was born on a farm in Franklin County, Ohio, August 13, 1831. His grandfather, John Davis, of English descent, fought for seven years in the Revolutionary War, joining the Continental Army HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 39 at Valley Forge, participating in every battle from Princeton to York- town, and being attached to Lafayette’s staff. . The gun he carried at Valley Forge and Princeton is now in the possession of Mr. Davis at Corning. Ann Simpson Davis, grandmother of Francis M., was a near relative of Hannah Simpson, the mother of General Grant, and Mr. Davis well remembers the visit of Grant, then a cadet at West Point, to the Davis homestead near Columbus, Ohio, in 1843, young Grant being dressed in a roundabout, with stiff leather collar and white gloves. Joseph Davis, father of Francis M., was a native of George- town, Md., and a prosperous farmer. He married in Franklin County, Ohio, about 1824, Edith Amanda Te Ford, daughter of Count Aumile De Ford, one of General Montcalm’s officers, who, after the close of the Revolution, settled in Delaware. Her mother, a Quakeress, was captured by the Indians and taken to Canada. Francis M. Davis remained on the farm and attended the public and private schools of the neighborhood until 1847, when he entered Blendon College, now Otterbien University, at Blendon, Ohio. Sub- sequently he entered and in 1851 was graduated from the Ohio Wes- leyan University at Delaware, in the scientific course. He then spent a year in the South, and upon returning began the study of law in the office of Governor William Dennison and Mr. Carrington at Columbus, where he was admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1855. The same year Mr. Davis moved to Iowa, settling in Adams County, and commenced active practice on the 5th of August, acting also as a surveyor and land agent. He had thirty-seven cases on the first court docket of that county, thus immediately entering upon a large and successful busi- IléSS, Pſe organized the first armed volunteer military company in South- ern Iowa under the name of the “Quincy Guards,” afterward known as Company H, Fourth Iowa Volunteers, which was offered for service in the War of the Rebellion and accepted by Governor Kirkwood as early as December 10, 1860, Mr. Tavis believing, from travel and ob- servation in the South, that war would follow the election of Lincoln. Prevented by public duties from accompanying the regiment to the front in 1861, he enlisted in 1862 as a private in Company D, Twenty- ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and was promoted to be First Lieu- tenant. He served in the field during the Vicksburg campaign with Staff officers Generals Rice, Pyle, Trake, and Russey, Colonels Benton, Patterson, and Solomon, and others. Turing the siege of Fort Pem- berton, on the Yazoo, on March 26, 1863, where he was ranking Cap- tain at one time, his superior officers being sick or disabled, he led the charge on the breastworks, and received a wound in the right groin, 40 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. which was not at first considered serious, but which finally disabled him for further service. He was honorably discharged by Order of the Secretary of War, the order taking effect April 20, 1864, and was mustered out at Little Rock, Ark. During his service in the Union Army he was attached successively to the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventh Army Corps, and won the esteem of both superiors and subor- dinates. Returning from the war, Mr. Davis resumed the practice of his profession, which he has since followed with marked success, being also engaged in farming and Stock raising. He has been a Stalwart Tepublican from the organization of the party, and as a stanch Sup- porter of its principles has won high honors. He aided in organizing the first Republican caucus in Adams County, Iowa, in February, 1856. He served as Prosecuting Attorney of Adams County from 1856 to 1858, and in 1871 was elected to the Fourteenth General As- sembly, where he was especially active in recodifying the laws of IoWa in 1873, Serving on the special committee for that purpose. He was also a member of the special committee to devise methods for pro- tecting funds in State and county treasuries from defalcation. He wrote the report condemning the foundation of the State capitol at Des Moines, which was taken out and reconstructed for the present capitol building, and was instrumental in securing the passage of a law limiting the powers of corporations, and of another which author- ized suing in local courts on insurance policies in case of loss. Many Other laws still in force are the results of his active and useful service in the Legislature. Mr. Davis has had a large practice in all the courts of Iowa as well as in the United States courts. His first case in the Supreme Court, which he won, was that of Sands v. Adams County, reported in 11 Iowa Reports. This is still the leading case in tax questions in the State. He is a Mason, a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and a public spirited, enterprising citizen. From 1857 to 1876 he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since then he has been a Congregationalist. Mr. Davis was married, first, October 27, 1857, to Julia, daughter of Hezekiah Clark and a native of Detroit, Mich., who died in 1881. They had three children: Frederick, who died in infancy (1867); Lil- lian D., who married Rev. Howard H. Russell, of New York City; and Avanelle, wife of Grover C. Gray, a banker, of Montpelier, Idaho. In 1883 Mr. Davis married Sarah, daughter of James Brown, of Iowa, and they have had four children: Estelle, Joseph Simpson, Francis Marion, Jr., and Kathryn, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 41 ºDDLIAM A. HUNTER, Warden of the Penitentiary at Ana- à mosa, Iowa, was born in Carrollton, Carroll County, Ohio, July 8, 1845. In 1857 he moved to Iowa with his parents, Dr. John S. Hunter and Nancy Beatty, settling at Newton, Jasper County. There he received a primary education in the public schools. He volunteered for service in the Civil War, enlisting in the State troops on April 22, 1861. He was then in his sixteenth year. On the 16th of September he was mustered into the United States service at Davenport as a private in Company B, Thir- teenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He veteranized with his company and regiment at Vicksburg, Miss., in the fall of 1863, and served till August, 1865, when he was mustered out at Louisville, Ky. Although but twenty years of age he had seen four years of active service and had participated in the most decisive campaigns of the war. He was slightly wounded three times, but met with no serious casualty, and, with very rare exceptions, was able to report for duty. He was in all the battles in which his regiment and company took part, includ- ing Shiloh, first and second battles of Corinth, Iuka, Bolivar, Tenn., the Vicksburg campaign, and Meridian. His regiment joined Sher- man’s army in June, 1864, and took part in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain and in the subsequent Atlanta campaign. The Thirteenth made the celebrated march to the Sea under Sherman. Mr. Hunter was a member of the detachment of the Thirteenth Iowa Regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel Kennedy that crossed the Congaree River, under fire of Wade Hampton’s command, and raised the stars and stripes on the Confederate capitol. While skirmishing with the enemy in the streets of Columbia there were released a number of Federal prisoners, conspicuous among whom was an old friend, Adju- tant S. PI. M. Beyers, author of “Sherman's March to the Sea.” Upon returning from the war Mr. Hunter entered college at Grinnell, Iowa, resumed his studies, and reentered the State service with the rank of Captain. In the fall of 1866 he engaged in mercantile business at Newton, in which he continued until 1868, when he re- moved to Fort Dodge, Iowa, where he continued in the same line till 1874. He then became a commercial traveller for a Boston mercantile house, which connection continued two years. Afterward he travelled two years for a New York house, still making his home at Newton, Iowa. In 1879 he went to Belle Plaine, and purchased the drug busi- ness of H. Bishop & Co., where he remained until elected Warden of the Iowa State Penitentiary at Anamosa in 1898. Mr. Hunter was appointed Postmaster of Belle Plaine in December, 42 EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1882, entered upon the duties of the office in January, 1883, and was reappointed to the position in 1889, serving two terms. As a Republican he has long been active and influential in polities and one of the party’s able leaders. He was a delegate from the Fifth District of Iowa to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1888, which nominated General Pſarrison for President, and in other capacities has rendered valuable services to his party. He served upon the staffs of Governors Drake and Jackson as Aide-de-Camp with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He was elected in 1898, by the Twenty-seventh General Assembly of the State, as Warden of the Penitentiary at Anamosa for a term of two years, and at the expira- tion of that period was appointed for a term of four years and now holds the position. He has been prominently identified with the history of the Grand Army of the Republic in Iowa from its inception to the present, being one of the sixteen men who met at Davenport in September, 1866, and founded the organization in the State. He was a delegate from Post No. 16, Grinnell, and brought about the organization of John B. Han- cox Post, No. 314, of Belle Plaine, but was prevented by sickness from participating in the ceremonies on its institution. He was a member of the National Encampment, G. A. R., and in August, 1884, was appointed Aide-de-Camp on the staff of the National Commander, Gen- eral Burdett. He is a member of Hope Lodge, No. 175, A. F. and A. M., of Mount Horeb Chapter, No. 45, R. A. M., of St. Bernard Com- mandery, K. T., of Belle Plaine, and of the Benton County Veteran Association, which he served one year as Quartermaster and Pay- master, one year as Colonel, and one year as President. Mr. Hunter was married at Bethlehem, Conn., September 20, 1871, to Miss M. Amanda Peck, daughter of Hon. Henry B. and Mary (Brown) Peck. They have one child, Mary Brown, born at Belle Plaine, Iowa, June 10, 1880, who is now (1902) a student at Mount Holyoke (Mass.) Seminary. the Creston Gazette, was born on the parental homestead, known as the Clover farm, adjoining the village of Spring- dale, Allegheny County, Pa., about sixteen miles up the Allegheny River from Pittsburg, on the 10th of December, 1865. This farm had been in the possession of the Maclean family for several generations, to whom it was patented by William Penn, and the in- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 43 strument executed by Penn is now owned by Matthew Maclean, father of Paul. Matthew Maclean was of Scotch descent. He married, in 1860, Nancy Logan, whose father was the first white child born west of the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania; he was a successful country merchant, and at his home at Logan's Ferry, opposite Spring- dale, entertained Charles Dickens, the novelist, who alludes to his visit there in his “American Notes.” The paternal grandfather of Paul Maclean was a distinguished newspaper man who began his career in the office of the Greensburg (Pa.) Gazette, of which he was the editor for many years. Tater he was editor and owner with his brother of the Pittsburg Gazette (now the Commercial Gazette), the first newspaper established in Pittsburg, which the Macleans made the first daily. They also conducted a large publishing business, mainly devoted to Presbyterian Church literature, which is now known as the Presbyterian Board of Publication. Matthew Maclean moved from the old family homestead to Iowa in 1869, settling near Columbus City, Louisa County, where he devoted himself to farming and stock raising. He was a man of great force of character, very suc- cessful in all his ventures, and highly respected for those sterling qualities which distinguish his race. He invariably declined public Office, preferring to devote himself to the quiet duties of a citizen and to the interests of his family. Paul is his eldest son; his other chil- dren are David A., Ralph, Mary, and Elizabeth. Paul Maclean, at the age of sixteen, began his business career in the office of the Columbus Nonpareil. Two years later his father bought for him an interest in the Columbus June- tion Safeguard, in which he was for a time associated with William Colton and later with his brother-in-law, J. B. Hungerford, now editor of the Carroll Herald. In 1883 Mr. Maclean purchased the Herald, and for several years conducted it in company with the late E. R. Hastings. After the death of Mr. Hastings the firm of Maclean & Hungerford was formed, and continued in the management of the Herald until 1889, when Mr. Hungerford purchased Mr. Maclean's interest, and the latter, with his father, purchased the Atlantic Tele. graph from Hon. Lafayette Young. In the spring of 1892, having sold the Telegraph, Mr. Maclean moved to Creston and secured control of the Gazette, in which his father is also interested. Mr. Maclean is a very active Republican, and in 1896 was chosen Presidential Elector for the Eighth Congressional District. He was appointed Postmaster of Creston by President McKinley on March 19, 1898, and reappointed by President Roosevelt on March 19, 1902. He married, in 1892, Miss Gertrude Young, of Carroll, Iowa, a niece 44 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. of Hon. H. W. Macomber, of that place, and of Judge Macomber, of Omaha. They have had three children: Elizabeth, born May 8, 1895; Malcolm, who died in infancy; and Hugh, born June 18, 1898. fº OHN STILLMAN LOTHROP, a well known lawyer and Re. §Nº. publican party leader of Sioux City, Iowa, was born in Dover, Me., on the 9th of October, 1836. He is of English ºri- descent, his ancestors coming to this country in the colonial period. His father, Rev. Alfred Lothrop, a distinguished Baptist minister, is now residing in Iowa at the age of ninety-one years. His mother’s maiden name was Deborah Ann Robinson. After receiving a common school education in his native State Mr. Lothrop, at the age of fifteen, moved to La Salle County, Ill., where he remained until 1860. He then entered the Chicago Law School, but a year later, in April, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Eleventh Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, and went to the front to fight for his coun- try's cause. At the expiration of his first term of enlistment, in July, 1861, he reenlisted as a private in Company E, Twenty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and was promoted successively to First Sergeant, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, and Captain of the company, which rank he attained in December, 1862. He served until the close of the war, being mustered out at Louisville, Ky., in June, 1865. Returning home, Captain Lothrop commenced the active practice of law at Champaign, Ill., whence he removed in 1884 to Sioux City, Iowa, where he now resides. He soon rose to a front rank in his pro- fession and drew around him a large clientage, which he has always maintained. At the same time he interested himself in politics and gained distinction as an able Republican leader. He has been very active in party affairs ever since the war closed. He was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Third District of Iowa by Presi- dent Harrison, and in 1895 was elected State Senator, serving one term of four years. In these as well as in all other capacities, both civil and professional, he displayed eminent ability, great energy, and the high- est principles of manly integrity. He is a prominent member of the Loyal Legion and of the Grand Army of the Republic, and actively identified with the best interests of his adopted city. - Mr. Lothrop was married in March, 1858, to Martha A. Page, of Tonica, Ill., and after her death he married, December 13, 1861, Marcia M. Mitchell, of the same place. Of his six children four are living. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 45 Zºº ARVEY INGHAM, Postmaster of Algona, Iowa, and a well 'ſº known Republican leader of that district, is the son of William H. and Caroline A. Ingham, both of English de- scent. He has always resided in Algona, where he was born on the 8th of September, 1858. Mr. Ingham received a good collegiate education at the Iowa State University, and then entered upon an active and successful business career. In 1882 he became the editor of the Algona Upper Des Moines, the oldest paper in the State north of Fort Dodge and west of Mason City. He has since continued in this capacity, and under his able and vigorous editorial management the publication has attained a prestige unequalled by any other in that section. It is strongly Republican, bright and wholesome in its utterances, and worthily represents the best interests of its supporters. Mr. Ingham was a Regent of the Iowa State University from March, 1896, to March, 1902. He was ap- pointed Postmaster of Algona in February, 1898, and in 1900 was a strong candidate for Congressional nomination on the Republican ticket. His services to the party, both as a newspaper man and active campaign worker, have brought him into wide prominence and stamp him as a trustworthy leader. He is a Director of the Kossuth County State Bank and a public spirited, enterprising citizen. Mr. Ingham was married on the 21st of October, 1894, to Miss Nellie E. Hepburn, of Des Moines, and has three sons: Hepburn, William H., and Harvey, Jr. tº OHN W. HARVEY, lawyer, jurist, and banker, of Leon, Iowa, §§§ and a veteran of the Civil War, is the son of John and Anna (Guthrie) Harvey, and was born in Bluffton, Ind., on the 16th of September, 1840. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. He was educated at the Iowa Central University in Pella and at the State University in Iowa City, and after a thorough course of legal study was admitted to practice in the State and Federal courts June 11, 1868. Since then, with the exception of the eight years that he was on the bench, he has practiced his profession at Leon, where he resides. He was elected Judge of the Third Judicial District of Iowa in 1882 and reelected in 1886, serving two terms. Judge Harvey has achieved distinction as a lawyer of eminent abil- ity and as a jurist of great learning and sound judgment. He has been connected with many notable cases, in every one of which he has displayed those broad legal qualifications characteristic of the suc- cessful practitioner. His career on the bench was marked by an im- 46 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. partial administration of justice and unswerving attention to duty. He is an ardent Republican, and for many years has been active in the party’s councils. Since the organization of the Farmers and Traders State Bank of Leon he has served as its President, displaying in this capacity a financial ability as broad as the sterling qualities he has exhibited in his professional work. In June, 1862, Mr. Harvey enlisted in Company G, Eighteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. He served as Sergeant until 1864, when he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and he continued in that position until he was promoted to a captaincy and assigned to the Quartermaster’s Department. He was in the Western Army under Schofield and Cur- tis, and made a brilliant record as a brave soldier and competent Officer. Judge Harvey was married, November 13, 1868, to Emma Eaton, daughter of F. X. Eaton, of Pella, Iowa, and a native of the State of Ohio. They have had three sons: Charles C. (deceased), James F., and Raymond (deceased). The surviving son is practicing law with his father under the firm name of John W. Harvey & Son. sºlo UIS BUTLER JONES, Mayor of Marshalltown, Iowa, and § a prominent business man and Republican leader, is de- scended from a long line of Puritan ancestors, the first of whom came to New England in the “Mayflower' in 1620, His father, John A. Jones, a successful farmer, was a native of Green- field, Mass., while his mother, Mary J. Hickox, was born in Wisconsin. Mr. Jones was born in Ogle County, Ill., on the 26th of January, 1865, and received his preliminary education in the public schools of Rochelle in that State. Subsequently he attended and was graduated from the public schools of Marshalltown, Iowa, where he has resided from boyhood. For a number of years he has successfully followed the undertaking and furniture business in that city. In politics Mr. Jones is an ardent, consistent Republican and active in party affairs. He was Marshal of Marshalltown in 1896 and 1897, and in the Spring of 1901 Was elected Mayor. In these as well as in all other capacities he has displayed great energy and ability, and gained the confidence of all who know him. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Maccabees, the Modern Wood. men of America, the Elks, and the Improved Order of Red Men. He was married in Marshalltown to Louise, daughter of Robert Mc- Dowell, of Ames, Iowa. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 47 zººlHARLES HENRY MONIDER, President of the First National :^ º żº Bank of Mason City, Iowa, has been a lifelong resident of that State, having been born at Dubuque on the 9th of February, 1860. He is the son of Thomas B. McNider, a prominent and successful railroad contractor, and Anna Kane, his Wife. Mr. McNider was educated in the public schools of Dubuque and Mason City, whither the family removed when he was a boy. For twenty-seven years he has been engaged in the banking business, and at the present time holds the presidency of the First National Bank of Mason City, one of the largest and soundest fiduciary insti- tutions in the State, having a capital of $150,000 and a surplus of $70,000. He is a man of great executive ability, sound judgment, and indomitable energy, and during his entire career has maintained the confidence of all who have come within the circle of his influence. In politics Mr. McNider is an unswerving Republican, and for sev- eral years has taken an active part in party affairs. He was a Presi- dential Elector on the Republican ticket in 1900. He is a prominent member of the York and Scottish Rites in the Masonic fraternity and Eminent Commander of the Knights Templar of Mason City. Mr. McNider married Mary, daughter of Frederick Hanford and a native of Utica, N. Y., and has one son, Hanford. sº MERY FRANKLIN SPERRY, of Des Moines, United States §:ººl Pension Agent for Iowa and Nebraska, was born near Cay- ºft| endish, Vt., August 3, 1841. He is the son of Rev. Obed Sperry, a native of Massachusetts and a well known Baptist clergyman, and Arvilla Wright, who was born in New Hompshire. His ancestors came originally from England at an early period in the history of the New England colonies. In 1851 the family moved to Iowa and settled at Wapello, and for many years Rev. Mr. Sperry was active in his pastoral work. He was pastor of several different churches in Eastern Iowa, and invariably won the love and confidence of the people. In 1855 he removed to Pella, Marion County. Emery F. Sperry Was educated in the public schools and Central University of Iowa, and in May, 1861, when scarcely twenty years of age, enlisted in Company B, Third Iowa Infantry, for service in the Civil War. He participated in the Missouri campaign, was wounded at Blue Mills in that State, and was at the battle of Shiloh, where he *A*.*.*.* 48 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. lost his right leg in the first day's fight, the limb being shattered by grape-shot and amputated near the knee joint. He was honorably discharged in August, 1862. Returning from the army, Mr. Sperry took up the study of law in the offices of H. P. Scholte and O. L. Abbott, of Pella, Marion County, but was soon elected County Treasurer and abandoned his legal studies. He moved to Knoxville, the county seat, on January 1, 1864. He served one term as Treasurer of Marion County and sub- sequently as Deputy Treasurer for four years, and at the end of that EMERY F. SPERRY. period engaged in the real estate business. He carried on that busi- ness with marked success until 1898, when President McKinley ap- pointed him United States Pension Agent for Iowa and Nebraska with headquarters at Des Moines, which position he still holds. Mr. Sperry has always been an active, enthusiastic, and influential Republican, having cast his vote for every Republican presidential candidate since Abraham Lincoln's second election. His energy and good judgment have often been of great service to the party, and as HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 49. one of its acknowledged leaders he has gained an honorable reputa- tion. He has been a delegate to numerous party conventions, and has been prominent in shaping Republican policies. He is a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in all its branches and also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. In religion he is a Baptist. - On March 21, 1866, Mr. Sperry married Anna, daughter of Rufus Eldredge, of Knoxville, Iowa, and of their six children four are liv- ing: Sylvia A., who married George W. Kinne and resides in Mas- sillon, Ohio; Charlene; Olive M.; and Emery Franklin, Jr. Another son, George, died in infancy. Their eldest child, Loren E. Sperry, born December 24, 1866, went to North Yakima, Washington, and was editor of the Yakima Republic until the election of President Mc- IGinley, who appointed him Postmaster of that town. He died in January, 1901, leaving a widow, who was appointed Postmaster to succeed her husband. He also left One Son. tº ENRY D. OVERHOLT, Postmaster of Iowa City, Iowa, is Pººl of German descent, his parents, Henry D. and Elizabeth (Sherrick) Overholt, being honored and respected farmers and active in the community where they resided. His father was a prominent old line Whig in Fayette Coullty, Pa., and for years occupied a leading place in public and political affairs. Mr. Overholt was born in Fayette County, Pa., in November, 1840, and received a good academic education, attending the public schools, the Mount Pleasant (Pa.) Institute, and the Carversville (Pa.) Insti- tute in Bucks County. Afterward he taught school for two terms in his native State. He enlisted July 21, 1862, in Company A, Fifteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served under Generals Thomas and Rose- crans, being mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., at the expiration of his term of enlistment. After returning from the army Mr. Overholt took a course at the Iron City Commercial College in Pittsburg, Pa., thus completing his preparations for an active business career. For two years he was en- gaged in the mercantile trade in Pennsville, Pa., selling out and mov- ing to Iowa City, Iowa, in December, 1867. Here he bought hides, furs, etc., for D. H. McDaneld & Co., of Chicago, a business he followed for many years. On July 19, 1898, he was appointed Postmaster of Iowa City, which position he still holds. Mr. Overholt is a loyal, active, and ardent Republican, and has con- tributed materially to the progress of the party in his section. His 50. EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. integrity and sound judgment united with great public spirit and en- terprise have made him deservedly popular in the community. He was married, October 7, 1867, to Belle B., daughter of Jonathan Newmyer, of Pennsville, Pa., and has had seven children: John F., Mary E. (who died at the age of twenty-six), Harry D. (who died aged eleven months), Jessie M., Frederick E., Mabel E., and Helen B. gº HARLES ALDRICH, founder and curator of the Iowa State §: Historical Department and Museum, was born in Elling- ton, Chautauqua County, N. Y., the son of Stephen and Eliza (Nichols) Aldrich, on the 2d of October, 1828. He is of the ninth generation in lineal descent from George Aldrich, who came from Derbyshire, England, landing at Boston, Mass., November 6, 1631. His father, a blacksmith in early life and later a lumberman, merchant, and farmer, was “an amiable, energetic, and impulsive man,” and, soon after his son’s removal to Iowa, settled on a farm near Webster City, where he died in 1882. His wife had died in 1880. Mr. Aldrich attended the common schools and for one year was a student at the Jamestown (N. Y.) Academy. In June, 1846, he began his long career as a printer and journalist in the office of Clement & Faxon, publishers of the Western Literary Messenger, of Buffalo. Jesse. Clement, senior member of that firm, was editor of the Dubuque (Iowa) Times during the Civil War, and another companion printer, H. L. Rann, was afterward the publisher of the Manchester (Iowa) Press. After learning his trade Mr. Aldrich worked as a compositor in Attica and Warsaw, N. Y., and Warren, Pa., and in June, 1850, estab- lished his first paper, the Cattaraugus Sachem, at Randolph, N. Y., which he conducted one year. He then started and for about five years published the Olean (N. Y.) Journal, and at the end of that period removed to a farm in Little Valley, N. Y. In 1857 Mr. Aldrich moved to Iowa and founded the Hamilton Free- man at Webster City, Hamilton County, then a village of about two hundred inhabitants. He immediately began to proclaim and foster those sturdy Republican principles which have marked his whole life, and which have contributed so much to the party’s growth and wel- fare throughout the State. He was a vigorous writer, an excellent organizer, and a brilliant and logical reasoner, and the fire of his en- thusiasm, combined with great energy and tact in meeting pioneer conditions, soon won for him a large following. His paper was influential in bringing about a radical change of the political complex- ion of his county and district, which was originally Democratic. In HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 51 1862 he joined the Union Army as Adjutant of the Thirty-second Iowa Infantry under Colonel John Scott, and was afterward Post-Adjutant under Colonel William T. Shaw at Columbus, Ky. Returning home in 1864, Mr. Aldrich was for a short time editor of the Dubuque Times, and subsequently for three years (1866-69) the edi- tor and publisher of The Marshall Times, now The Times-Republican, of Marshalltown, Iowa. Since then he has been editorially connected with the Waterloo Courier, the Council Bluffs Nonpareil, and the Chi- cago Inter-Ocean. Mr. Aldrich had been actively identified with politics in Iowa until he entered upon his present non-partisan work. He was Chief Clerk of the Iowa House of Representatives in 1860, 1862, 1866, and 1870, and in 1872 he became interested in the river land settlers’ troubles, being a member of the commission appointed by Governor Carpenter, under legislative authority, to right the wrongs of the inhabitants along the Des Moines River. Later President Grant made him a mem. ber of the commission to further investigate the subject and recom- mend some course of action. He was a member of the United States Geological Survey in 1875 and made contributions to the literature of the subject of permanent value. In 1881 he was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives from Hamilton County. He started the agitation for the substitution of county supervisors for the old auto- cratic judge system of county government, which prevailed up to 1860, and followed it up by earnest work in the Legislature of that year until the change was made. Early in the session of 1882 he in- troduced a resolution providing for the printing of a daily calendar. This was vigorously opposed and only adopted after a hard fight, obvious as its necessity now appears. He was one of the founders of the American Ornithologists Union in September, 1883, and is still a member of the organization. He was the author of the legis- Jation in 1870 for the protection of the birds, the pioneer in that good work in his State at least. While a boy Mr. Aldrich began the collection of autograph letters, and in following it up became in time the possessor of one of the finest and most valuable collections in the Middle West, which in 1884 he and Mrs. Aldrich presented to the State, on condition that it be kept in the State Library, in suitable cases, and that they might continue to make additions to it. This they did until the death of Mrs. Aldrich in 1892. In that year the Legislature, through the efforts of Mr. Al- drich, established the State Historical Department, with an annual ap- propriation of $7,500, and with Mr. Aldrich as curator. The growth of 52 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. this department has been phenomenal. In 1897 the Legislature ap- propriated $25,000 for a separate building and grounds, but in 1898 plans for a $300,000 building were adopted and work commenced thereon, the cornerstone being laid May 17, 1899, by Gov- ernor Leslie M. Shaw. The department publishes a quar- terly, the Annals of Iowa, under Mr. Aldrich’s editorship, in which is collected important historical papers, monographs, etc., with numer- ous illustrations. His work in the founding and development of this important bureau is notable and entitles him to the gratitude of the people, not only of his State, but of the whole country. It was due to his persistent efforts that the foundations were laid in the State Library in the 'eighties for the collection of periodical literature which has become One of the largest in the United States. He was appointed by Governor Jackson a member of the commission in charge of the erection of a monument at Okoboji, in 1894, to the victims of the Spirit Lake Indian massacre of 1857, and himself gath- ered the data and prepared the inscriptions which went upon it to commemorate the incident. He induced Hamilton County to place a tablet in the Webster City court house to the memory of the rescue band that went from there to the relief of the settlement, and pre- pared the inscription thereon. This was in 1887, and it was the com- mencement of public monument building in Iowa. Mr. Aldrich was married in July, 1851, in Knowlesville, N. Y., to Ma- tilda Olivia Williams, who was born in Dansville, Livingston County, N. Y., August 8, 1836, and died in Boone, Iowa, September 18, 1892. Her grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. “She was an ideal companion for her husband. She sympathized with him in bis ambitions, and was his most valued and kindly critic and coun- sellor. In the love and protection of animal and bird life they were especially united.” Mr. Aldrich was married a second time, Novem- ber 12, 1898, to Miss Thirza Louise Briggs, of Webster City, Iowa, who had been an intimate friend and companion of his first wife for many years. They reside in Boone, Iowa, where they have an ideal home. zºº AMUEL FRANCIS SMITH, of Davenport, Iowa, banker, law- §| yer, and ex-Mayor, is descended on his mother's side from Puritan ancestors who came from England to Massa- chusetts early in the seventeenth century. His father, Rev. Samuel Francis Smith, a noted Baptist clergyman, is known the world over as the author of our National hymn “America.” He was born EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 53 in Boston, December 9, 1808, and died in November, 1895, at Boston, Mass. He was graduated from Harvard University in 1829, being a classmate of Oliver Wendell Holmes, who refers to him in his poem “The Boys.” Rev. Mr. Smith's wife, Mary White Smith, whose name was not changed by her marriage, was born in 1813, and is still living. Her grandfather, Rev. Hezekiah Smith, was for forty years pastor of a Baptist Church at Haverhill, Mass., and served as a Chaplain in the War Of the Revolution. Samuel Francis Smith, Jr., the subject of this article, was born Sep- tember 5, 1836, at Waterville, Me., and acquired his education largely through private instruction from his father, who thus fitted him to enter Harvard and carried him through the freshman year. Over- work as a student brought on ill health, and he was obliged for a time to abandon his studies. Afterward, however, he completed the course by studying alone, in the meantime clerking for several years in Bos- ton. In 1856 Mr. Smith moved to Chicago, and after clerking for a few months in a store was sent to Davenport to a branch establishment. Desiring from boyhood to become a lawyer, he began legal study in 1857 in the office of Judge James Grant, of Davenport, being ad- mitted in 1861 to practice. In the same year he was taken into part- nership. The firm did a large business in the collection of defaulted city and county bonds and their income increased with wonderful rapidity, Mr. Smith’s portion, which in 1862 was only $240, amount- ing in the last year of the copartnership to over $50,000. The Mark Howard case, ended in 1873, was one of the most notable in which they were engaged. It arose out of bonds of various cities and coun- ties in aid of the Mississippi and Missouri Railway, and resulted in securing one million dollars for their clients; and their attorney fee was one hundred thousand dollars—probably the largest fee ever paid in the State. In the fall of 1873 Mr. Smith's health failed be. cause of overwork, and to recuperate he went to Europe, remaining nearly three years and visiting the principal cities and points of inter- est on the continent. Since his return in 1876 he has not practiced law, but has been engaged more or less in banking. He helped to or- ganize the Davenport National Bank and has always been connected with it, much of the time as President and Vice-President, retiring from the presidency in 1895. He was also one of the organizers of the Union Savings Bank and is now its attorney. From June, 1892, to June, 1893, he was President of the Iowa State Bankers' Association, and in 1898 he was Vice-President for Iowa of the Ameri- can Bankers’ ASSOCiation. Mr. Smith has always been an ardent Republican and has held 54. EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. several important local offices. He served in the City Council for four years, retiring in April, 1893, and during his term started the move- ment which resulted in the paving of Davenport's principal streets. In 1897 he was elected Mayor of Davenport, being the first Repub- lican to fill that Office since 1883. He has been President Of the DaV- enport Business Men’s Association and of the Children’s Home So- ciety of the State, a Director of the Academy of Science, and is now a Director of the Ladies’ Relief Association and the Davenport Library Association. He was for years Vice-President of the Iowa Society of the Sons of the Revolution and has been Deputy Governor of the So- ciety of Colonial Wars for Iowa. In early life he was a Baptist, but after his marriage he transferred his membership to the Congrega- tional Church, his wife belonging to that denomination. He was married, August 17, 1863, to Mary, daughter of Rev. Julius Reed, D.D., of Davenport, Iowa, and they have one child, Anna R. Smith, born September 15, 1870. fºg. AMES COX DAVIS, a prominent lawyer and Republican à leader of Keokuk, Iowa, is the eldest son and child of C. F. and Caroline T. Davis, and was born in Keokuk, Lee Coun- w ty, September 2, 1857. He received his general education in the public schools of that city and at the Pſellmuth Boys’ College in London, Ontario. He studied law in his native place with Hon. P. T. Lomax and with the firm of Gillmore & Anderson, and was ad- mitted to the bar August 17, 1877. With a fine natural ability for his profession, he has, by close application and unswerving industry, achieved honor and distinction at the bar and is recognized as the foremost lawyer of Lee County. He has no specialty in the law, but is equally conspicuous in any of its branches. Among the notable cases solely conducted by him is the “Original Package” case, offi- cially known as Leisy v. FIardin. decided by the Supreme Court of the United States April 20, 1890, in which the prohibitory law was held unconstitutional so far as it interfered with interstate commerce. In politics Mr. Davis is a Republican of liberal tendencies. Al- though at times mentioned for offices of high honor and distinction, he has declined to enter public life except in so far as his duties as a private citizen require him to take part in party affairs. In 1897 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Saint Louis. In the earlier part of his career, before the demands of his profession were so great, he consented to serve his native city in two capacities. On April 11, 1881, he was elected City Attorney and was re-elected on HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 55 April 9, 1883. In April, 1885, he was elected Mayor and was re-elected in April, 1886. He was selected by the Republican State Committee as Temporary Chairman of the Iowa State Convention in Cedar Rap- ids, August 7, 1901, and presided over that great assemblage with satisfaction to all concerned. He is a communicant of Saint John's Church, Keokuk, and a public spirited, progressive citizen. Mr. Davis was married, December 10, 1884, to Clara Belle Mooar, daughter of Judge D. Mooar, of Keokuk, Iowa. They had three chil- dren: Mooar, Ora, and Thistle. Mrs. Davis died March 21, 1895, and on August 15, 1901, Mr. Davis married Louise M. Pomeroy, daughter of the late Dr. J. C. Pomeroy, of Waverly, Iowa. sº ILLIAM HENRY NORRIS, of Manchester, Iowa, was born Wºl in Stoneham, Mass., February 3, 1857, and is of Scotch- Irish descent. His father, Thomas Norris, a farmer, moved in 1861 to Delaware County, Iowa, with his family, whence he removed to Linn County in 1864. Mr. Norris obtained his education in the public schools and com- pleted a course of study at a business college in Davenport. From there he went to Cornell College and finally to the Iowa State Uni- versity, graduating from the law department of the latter in 1882. Mr. Norris began the practice of law in 1882, locating in Manchester. Soon afterward he formed a partnership with Judge A. S. Blair, with whom he practiced for several years. In 1893 Judge Blair was elected District Judge, and Mr. Norris associated himself with George W. Dunham. Afterward, in 1898, E. B. Stiles became associated with the firm. Mr. Norris is a Director of the State Savino's Rank of Man- chester, a stockholder in the Delaware County State Bank of the same place, and interested in many other enterprises. PIe has been City Solicitor for many terms, and in 1891 was elected Mayor of Manchester, which position he resigned when elected to the Iowa Legislature. In the Twenty-fourth General Assembly he was Chairman of the House Committee on Appropriations, an unusual honor conferred on a new member. At this session he introduced the Australian ballot bill, which was passed and became a law of Iowa. In 1884 he was elected a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention, held in Chicago. Since that time he has been a member of the Republican State Central Committee for a number of years, serv- ing as Chairman of the Executive Committee in 1894. For a long time he has occupied a prominent place among the able Republican party 56 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. leaders in the State, and in every capacity has displayed great execu- tive ability and sound judgment. During the administration of Gov- ernor Jackson he was a member of the latter's staff, with the rank Of Lieutenant-Colonel. Mr. Norris has taken all of the degrees in York Rite Masonry, and those of the Scottish Rite up to and including the thirty-second degree, being a member of De Molay Consistory, No. 1, located at Clinton, Iowa. For a number of years he has been a member of the Committee on Ap- peals and Grievances of the Grand Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of Iowa, and is now a member of the Committee on Masonic Jurisprudence in that body. He is a Past Master of Manchester Lodge, No. 165, A. F. and A. M., Past High Priest of Olive Branch Chapter, No. 48, R. A. M., Past Commander of Nazareth Commandery, No. 33, K. T., Past Grand Patron of the Grand Chapter, O. E. S., of Iowa, and is now the Grand Commander of Knights Templars of Iowa. March 15, 1886, he married Martha B. Toogood, of Manchester, Iowa, They have three children: Carlton Howard, born July 2, 1887; Laura Marie, born August 16, 1889; and Thomas Toogood Norris, born June 21, 1898. Mrs. Norris is prominent in the Order of the Eastern Star, being P. W. Matron of Orient Chapter, No. 15. - Fºlº ORGE METZGER, a veteran of the Civil War and a prom- ièl inent resident of Davenport, Iowa, was born in Rhein- pfaltz, Germany, on the 19th of April, 1845, his parents be- ing Anthony Metzger and Elizabeth Stichter. His father was a well known piano manufacturer. In 1850 the family came to this country and settled in Troy, N. Y., where young Metzger received a public school education. He was thoroughly patriotic, and on Au- gust 8, 1862, enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth New York Volunteers, Serving in that regiment until the end of the war and being mustered out at Albany, N. Y., on the 7th of July, 1865. During this time he took part in every one of the twenty-four battles his regiment was in, but two, and those occurred while he was recovering from desperate and almost fatal wounds received at Gettys- burg. In 1869 Mr. Metzger moved to Iowa and settled permanently in Davenport, where he has ever since been engaged in business as a dealer in musical instruments and music supplies. He is one of the leading citizens of Scott County, and for years has taken a prominent HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 57 part in public affairs and especially in matters pertaining to music and musical education. Politically he is an active, influential, and loyal Republican and an acknowledged leader in party councils. He was custodian of the State House at Des Moines from 1894 to 1898, and on April 28th of the latter year was appointed Postmaster of Davenport by President McKinley, taking charge of the office May 22. He is still serving in that capacity. In Grand Army circles he is especially prominent, be- ing a member and Past Post Commander of August Wentz Post, No. 1, of Davenport, and serving at the present time (1902) as Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in Iowa. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias. Throughout his life he has dis- played the sterling characteristics of his race as well as those eminent abilities which mark the successful man. He has filled every position satisfactorily and honestly, and won for himself a high standing in the community. He was married, August 1, 1864, to Sarah E., daughter of Jeremiah Coon and a native of Ulster County, N. Y. They have five children living: George L., Sarah E. Rowley, Robert I., John H., and Mabel M. ºf HOMAS MILTON FEE, a prominent lawyer, jurist, and Re- tº publican of Centerville, Iowa, was born in Feesburg, Brown County, Ohio, April 18, 1840. His parents, Thomas J. Fee and Sarah Hastings, were respectively of English and Irish descent, the father being a well known merchant and manu- facturer. The family moved to Illinois in 1849, where young Fee re- ceived his educational training. In 1860 he removed to Ottumwa, Iowa, and here Mr. Fee began active life as a school teacher. He entered upon the study of law with Colonel S. W. Summers, of Ottumwa, but in May, 1862, removed to Centerville, and on August 8 of that year enlisted in Company G, Thirty-sixth Iowa Volunteer In- fantry. He was in all the engagements in which his regiment par- ticipated, in the Thirteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventh Army Corps, and was captured at Mark’s Mills, Ark., and confined for ten months in the prison at Tyler, Texas. In September, 1865, he was honorably dis- charged and mustered out of service at Davenport, Iowa. Soon after returning from the war Mr. Fee established himself in the practice of his profession, which he has since followed except while serving on the bench. For a time he served as Superintendent of Public Instruction of Appanoose County, and for a term of four years 58 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. as District Attorney for the Second Judicial District of Iowa, display- ing in these capacities untiring devotion to duty as well as great energy and ability. In 1894 he was elected District Judge, which office he held until January, 1902, when he resigned and resumed his professional practice. He is now the head of the well known law firm of Fee & Fee, the junior member being his son, Thomas Grant Fee. Judge Fee has been a Republican from boyhood; and although he has devoted himself chiefly to the practice of law he has found time to render important services to his party and contribute to its general welfare. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows. As a citizen he is universally esteemed. Judge Fee's present wife is the daughter of Joseph Sedgwick, of Pennsylvania. His children are John A., Martha E., Marie, Thomas Grant, and Joseph M. fººl SAAC S. STRUBLE, of Le Mars, a veteran of the Civil War, §§§ formerly a member of Congress for four terms, and one of the leading lawyers in Iowa, is the Son of Isaac and Emma T. Struble, natives of New Jersey. About 1840 they moved to Virginia, and for a year or more lived on Washington's old farm just across the river east of Fredericksburg, building a log house thereon which stood until after the Civil War. They removed to Chesterville, Ohio, in 1845, thence to Iowa City, Iowa, in 1857, and finally to Toledo, Iowa, about ten years later. Mr. Struble was born near Fredericksburg, Va., November 3, 1843, and received his primary education in the common schools of Ohio and Iowa, finishing with a partial course at the Iowa State University. In July, 1862, he enlisted in Company F, Twenty-second Iowa Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until honorably discharged in 1865. He was admitted to the bar at Oregon, Ill., in 1870, and began active prac- tice in that State, at Polo, as a partner of Hon. J. D. Campbell. In April, 1872, he moved to Le Mars, Plymouth County, Iowa, where he has since resided. He is President of the Le Mars Building and Loan Association and the Western Investment Company, of Le Mars. For many years Mr. Struble has been one of the active and influen- tial leaders of the Republican party in his district, which in November, 1882, elected him to the Forty-eighth Congress. He was reelected to HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 59 the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, and Fifty-first Congresses, each time by a large majority, and during his four terms in the National Legislature at Washington, by reason of his energy, faithfulness, and ability, at- tained a position of influence. He was Chairman of the Committee on Territories during the Fifty-first Congress, and took an active in- terest in the admission of Idaho, Wyoming, and the new northwestern States. He was also active both on the floor and in committee work, and took an influential part in securing the enactment of many im- portant laws. With the exception of this service he has devoted him- self almost entirely to his valuable law practice, and in this capacity has gained a reputation which extends throughout the State. As a citizen, in every private and public connection, he is universally es- teemed, and through his integrity and sterling principles of action occupies a foremost place in the affairs of the community. Mr. Struble was married, June 3, 1874, to Adelaide Esther Stone, of Unity, Me., and their children are Guy T., Dwight S., George F., Myrtle Adelaide, and Isaac I. tº OHN HOOKER LEAVITT, banker, of Waterloo, Iowa, is ºf the son of Roger H. Leavitt and Keziah Osgood PIunt and a descendant of one of the earliest families of Hingham, Mass., coming there from England in 1636. His father was a successful farmer in that commonwealth. Mr. Leavitt was born in Heath, Franklin County, Mass., on the 11th of October, 1831. He received a good practical education in his native State, and in 1854 moved to Waterloo, Iowa, where he has since resided. For some time after he moved West Mr. Leavitt was engaged in sur- veying, and in this capacity acquired a wide and accurate knowledge of the new country. He naturally drifted into the real estate business, which he has prosecuted more or less ever since, benefitting not only himself, but the entire community. Eventually he engaged in bank- ing, which for many years has been his chief occupation, and in which he has become well known throughout the State. He is President of the Tleavitt & Johnson National Bank of Waterloo, incorporated in 1898, which has a capital of $100,000 and a surplus of $20,000. He is also a Director of the Cedar Falls National Bank, the Grundy County National Bank of Grundy Center, and the First National Bank of Dike, Iowa. Mr. Leavitt has gained distinction as an able, conservative, and suc- cessful financier, and outside of his large business interests has found 60 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY: time to indulge in politics, a direction in which he has been very use. ful and influential. He has always been a Republican, active in party affairs, and one of its most enthusiastic supporters in his district. He was elected to the Iowa State Senate in 1871 and served during the extra session of 1873. In that capacity he took a leading part in shap- ing and directing legislation. January 1, 1858, Mr. Leavitt was married to Caroline Clarke Ware, of Granville, Putnam County, Ill. They have five children: Mary Louisa, Roger, Lucy O., Joseph L., and Caroline Grace. HILLIAM LOGAN, President of the State Central Savings § Bank of Keokuk, Iowa, is the son of William P. Logan and §§º Sarah J. McCombs. He was born near West Chester, Pa., * September 11, 1848, and moved west with the family in 1852, settling in Hancock County, Ill. From there they removed in 1872 to Achison County, Mo., where his parents resided during the re- Imainder Of their lives. Mr. Logan was educated in the public schools of Illinois. He left home when nineteen years of age and engaged in the lumber manu- facturing business, in railroad contracting, and in merchandizing at Glenwood, Mo., where he continued operations with marked success until 1889, when he removed to Keokuk, Iowa. Since then he has been engaged in the banking business. He organized the First Na- tional Bank at Macon, Mo., and in the same year bought the bank at Glenwood, which is now known as Logan's Bank. He is also Presi. dent of the Merchants Exchange at Downing, Mo., and is interested in the PIays Banking Company of Queen City, Mo., and the Schuyler Coun- ty Bank. He is Vice-President of the Iowa State Insurance Company of Keokuk, President of the Gate City Publishing Company of Keokuk, President of the State Central Savings Bank of that city, which has a paid up capital of $100,000 and a surplus of $90,000, and owns a large Stock farm in Northeastern Missouri. In all these connections Mr. Logan, through his acknowledged ability and unswerving integrity as a financier, has achieved eminent success and maintains the confi- dence and respect of all who know him. In politics he has been an active and influential Republican ever since he was old enough to vote. While a resident of Schuyler County, Mo., he served for a time as County Judge, as Chairman of the Repub- lican County Committee, as an Alternate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1884, and as a member of the Electoral Col- THISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 61 lege of Missouri in the same year. Since moving to Iowa he has con- tinued to take an active interest in politics. He is a prominent Ma- son, holding membership in Ely Commandry, No. 22, Knights Templar. Mr. Logan was married, December 26, 1871, to Sarah J., daughter of Archibald Jackson, of Nauvoo, Ill., and they have two children: William A. and Eva Isabelle. sº BANCIS WARGA, of Leon, Iowa, was born in Debreczin, \tº\| Hungary, on the 8th of August, 1817. His father, Stephen Varga, who died in 1830, at the age of fifty-four, was pro- fessor of theology in the Presbyterian University at Debreczin, Hungary. His mother, Clara (Péczely) Varga, died aged seventy-four. She was the daughter of Rev. Joseph Péczely, a cele- brated Presbyterian minister, and a sister of Joseph Péczely, Jr., a prominent professor of universal history, Latin, and Greek eloquence. Mr. Varga was admitted to the bar in 1840 and successfully prac- ticed his profession in his native country, in the County of Torontal, until 1848, when the revolution broke out and he was appointed by the Hungarian government as presiding Judge to a Special tribunal created to punish treason, and was elected Vice Lord Lieutenant of the County Torontal and intrusted with full power as Commissioner. The revolution closed on the 13th of August, 1849, when the commanding general, Görgey, laid down the arms of the government to Russia. The gallows had been erected in his native county, and on the 6th of October, 1849, thirteen generals of Hungary who had surrendered were in one day executed, as were also their Vice-President, their minister, and many others—and Franz Joseph, the present King of Hungary, Was placed On the throne. Mr. Varga spent eleven months before he was able to make his escape, which he accomplished by means of a forged passport. He then went to Hamburg, Germany, but was not allowed to remain. From there he went to Altona, Germany, where he lived six months, afterward going (in January, 1851) to London, England, and remaining there another six months. Despairing of finding freedom and safety in his native land, and weary of seeking in other places what he had been denied at home, he concluded to leave Europe and come to America. He sailed in July, i851, reached Philadelphia on the 16th of August, and emigrated to Iowa by way of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, landing in the State Fººl 62 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. of Iowa at Burlington. This was on the advice and leadership of one of his own countrymen, Governor Uhazy, who the year before had se- lected the Grand River country, in Decatur County, Iowa, south of New Buda, as the place of settlement. There Mr. Varga was en- gaged in farming until 1857, when he sold out and moved to the south- west corner of Long Creek Township, where he located on another farm. Eſe became an American Citizen in 1856, and remained On the farm until 1864, when he was elected Clerk of the court and Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Decatur County, in which capacities he served during the years 1865 and 1866, and when the County Judge and Recorder resigned he filled that office for two weeks. In 1866 he was unanimously nominated for that office, but was defeated. He was unanimously nominated for County Treasurer in 1867, but was defeated, and returned to his farm and was elected a Justice of the Peace. For many years he was a School Director and President of the board, and for two years he represented Long Creek Township in the f}oard of Supervisors. In 1871 he was elected County Treasurer and served in that capacity for six years, being reelected in 1873 and again in 1875. He filled all these offices with ability and satisfaction. Mr. Varga took out his naturalization papers the same year the Re- publican party was organized (1856), and from that time until his death was an ardent, loyal, and consistent supporter of that organi- zation, finding in its principles an expression of his own lofty views of personal and political freedom. He attended nearly all of the party’s State conventions, and in Shaping its policies and campaigns Was both active and influential. Few men ever contributed more to its suc- cess. He was a public spirited citizen, loyal and faithful in the dis- charge of every duty, and a prominent member of the Masonic fra- ternity, being affiliated with Grand River Lodge, No. 78, for thirty- six years. He was always a Presbyterian, and a charter member of the church of that denomination in Leon, Iowa, in 1866, Serving as an Elder from 1873 to 1901. He died April 5, 1902, aged eighty-four years, seven months, and twenty-seven days. In an appreciative ar- ticle a local paper said of him : Mr. Varga was a man of high education and a polished gentleman in the fullest sense of that term. He was also a man of high ideals as to conduct, and demanded like perfection in others. A man of strong feeling, he denounced in strong terms whatever he deemed wrong, nor was he less positive in expressions of kindliness toward those he esteemed. On this account he was strong in his friendships, and his relation to members of his family was of the tenderest kind. As a citizen he was concerned in all that pertained to the welfare of the community, the State, and the nation. He was strenuously loyal to the country of his choice in its trial by civil war, and a firm supporter of its institutions at all times. As a member of the church he was highly esteemed for his personal worth and for his intense HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 63 interest in, and abounding provision for, its highest interests. Faithful in his office as an Elder, it was a matter of regret when physical infirmities compelled him to resign its active duties. In the Presbytery he was honored as one of 1ts ablest members, and was recognized as one of its most competent lay advisers. His last days were full of suffering, which was patiently borne. For months he knew the end was at hand, and was diligent in the arrange- ment of business affairs with it in view. Nor was he less careful in spiritual matters. Again and again he expressed himself as ready to go whenever the Father should call for him, and, as the time drew nearer, often expressed the desire “If it were the will of the Father that he might be released from his suffering soon.” His life was one continuous lesson of manliness. His last days were a lesson of Christian fortitude and faith in the midst of suffering, and his death a lesson of faith and confidence in the God whom he loved and trusted with a childlike faith. He was married on the 4th of August, 1858, to Mary, daughter of Charles Saunders, and has seven children living : Stephen, Clara (Mrs. Frazier), Emma (Mrs. Gatshell), Rosa (Mrs. Hamilton), Esther (Mrs. Coder), Mary (Mrs. Slade), and Nellie (Mrs. Dorn), all of whom are married and live near Leon, Decatur County. Two other children are deceased. zººl LMER. J. C. BEALER, of Cedar Rapids, is one of the oldest §:ºx residents of Iowa, having lived in that State since 1857. sº #| He was born in Berne, Switzerland, May 20, 1845, and when * * * four years old (1849) came to this country with his parents, John E. and Mary C. (Walker) Bealer. The family first settled in Cleveland, Ohio, but soon afterward removed to the country, locating On a farm near Newton Falls, east of that city. John E. Bealer be- came a Stone contractor as Well as a farmer, and for years followed both avocations. In 1857 he moved his family to Johnson County, Iowa. Mr. Bealer, the subject of this sketch, obtained his education in the public schools of Iowa City, and in his boyhood and youth imbibed those principles of liberty and patriotism which have ever since char- acterized his life. On June 14, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Twen- ty-second Iowa Volunteers. He was mustered into the United States service September 9, and served with distinction under Generals Davidson and Grant in Mississippi, Banks in Louisiana and Texas, and Grant again at Bermuda Hundred, going from there to Wash- ington on the 1st of August, 1864. Fourteen days later he accom. panied the army to Berryville, Va., and was with Sheridan during the Shenandoah Valley campaign. On January 7, 1865, he left for Baltimore, whence the regiment took transports for Savannah, Ga., where they remained two months. From there they were sent to Moorehead City, N. C. On the 1st of May they returned to Savannah and on the 20th were ordered to Augusta, Ga., remaining there thirty 64 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. days. They finally returned again to Savannah and were mustered out of service July 23, 1865. - Mr. Bealer returned to Iowa City on the 5th of August, 1865, with an honorable discharge and a brilliant army record, and at Once en- tered upon an active and successful business career. Since 1866 he has been a contractor and builder, and many important Structures in the State attest his ability, energy, and skill. He resided in John- son County until 1884, when he moved to Cedar Rapids, having com- menced business operations in that city in 1878. He is a Director and Vice-President of the Cedar Rapids Canning Company, a Director of the Citizens National Bank, President of the Wano Mining and Developing Company, President of the Tycoon Mining Company, Presi- dent of the Iowa and Alaska Mining Company, and General Manager of the Cedar Valley Stone Quarry. Politically Mr. Bealer is a stanch Republican, and for years has found time while absorbed in large business enterprises to engage Imore Or less in politics, to which he has brought the same high quali- fications which have distinguished him in other capacities. He is a member of the School Board of Cedar Rapids, active in local public affairs, and respected as a man of sterling integrity and great useful- ness. In 1901 Mr. Bealer was nominated by acclamation by the Re- publican party of Linn County and elected Representative, and served as such in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly of Iowa. As a legis- lator he was recognized as One of the active yet conservative members who impressed his ideas upon legislation. He was especially active and successful in securing the passage (March, 1902) of an act provid- ing for the erection of monuments and tablets on the Vicksburg Na- tional Military Park to mark the positions occupied by Iowa brigades, regiments, and batteries, to commemorate the valor and services of Iowa soldiers in the campaign and siege of Vicksburg, and to make an appropriation therefor, making a Speech on that occasion which rang with patriotism and attracted much attention. He married, October 27, 1867, Mary C. Erb, whose grandfather was a brother of Thaddeus Stevens. They have one daughter, Orphea D. M., and two sons, Millard Y. and Jesse Gale. sºl\ILEN G. PENROSE, of Tama City, has been for many years one of the leading Republicans of the Forty-fifth Senatorial sºft| District of Iowa, which he has represented in the State tº E.:* Senate for several years. Born in Chesterfield, Morgan County, Ohio, on the 22d of August, 1844, he is the son of Thomas Pen- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 65 rose and Maria Clenden, both Quakers, whose ancestors came to this country with William Penn. On the paternal side he is of Scotch and English descent. His father was a well known merchant. Mr. Penrose spent his early life on the farm, attending the common schools as circumstances permitted. In 1860 he moved to Iowa with the family and first settled in Keokuk County, where he worked on a farm, at clerking, and at teaching school. During the years 1864 and 1865 he attended several terms at the Iowa State University, teaching winters to pay his expenses. In 1868 he settled in Tama City and for a time held a clerkship in a store. A year later he removed to Grand Junction, formed a partnership with C. B. Park, and under the firm name of Park & Penrose engaged in the general hardware, agricultural im- plement, and grain business. They built up a large and profitable trade, which they conducted until 1872, when Mr. Penrose returned to Tama City and opened a hardware store which he still OWIls. He has been a Republican almost from the birth of the party, casting his first vote for William Stone for Gov- ernor in 1865. In 1893 he was unani- mously nominated for State Senator to represent the Counties of Benton and Tama, and was elected by a hand- Some majority, although the district had gone Democratic the preceding year. He was reelected in 1897, and as a legislator won high honors EMLEN G. PENROSE. and an enviable reputation. As Chairman of the Railway Committee he was especially prominent and useful. He has served several terms in the Tama City Council and was Mayor both before and after the reincorpora- tion of the place as a city. Under his administration water- works, an electric light plant, an electric railroad, and other improve- ments were installed. He has repeatedly served as a member and President of the School Board, was a delegate to the Republican Na- tional Convention at Philadelphia in 1900, and has held other im- portant positions of trust and honor. He is a Director of the First National Bank of Tama, has served for a number of years as a Trustee 66 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a prominent Mason, holding membership in the blue lodge in Tama, in the Commandery in Belle Plaine, and in the Consistory of Lyons, Iowa. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. In every capacity he has displayed those lofty principles and sterling characteristics which mark the Successful Citizen. He was married, March 10, 1870, to Jennie C., daughter of Joel Stoddard and a native of Linden, Ind. They have one son, Frank B. Penrose, who is associated in business with his father. ºENDELL WILLIAMS CORNWALL, of Spencer, Iowa, is de- §§§ scended from an old English family who settled in Western New York at a Very early day, coming originally from * Cornwall, England. Amos Russell Cornwall, his father, was educated at Alfred University and Union College in New York State. He became a distinguished teacher, and for thirty years was Principal of the Albion Academy at Albion, Wis., which under his able administration achieved a wide reputation. He died May 14, 1893, at the age of sixty-three. His Wife, Barbara Williams, who was of German descent, Was also educated at Alfred University, and for a number of years was successfully employed in teaching. Her family were pioneers of Pennsylvania and prominent in religious and edu- cational work, one of them, Rev. Thomas Williams, being for many years professor of theology in Alfred University. She died in 1859, aged twenty-six. Wendell W. Cornwall was born in Albion, Dane County, Wis., Feb- ruary 10, 1857, and obtained his early education in the public schools of that State and New York. He was graduated from the Albion Academy in June, 1879, and afterward entered the law department of Wisconsin University, graduating therefrom with the degree of LL.B. in June, 1881. While pursuing his studies in these institutions he taught common school at intervals to help pay his expenses, and the practical experience he acquired in this capacity has served him most advantageously in his professional work. In 1882 Mr. Cornwall began the practice of law in Huron, South Dakota, but two years later he removed to the newly organized Coun- ty of McPherson, of which he was the first County Judge and after- ward County Attorney. He settled in Spencer, Iowa, in March, 1891, and has since resided and followed his profession there, gaining a high reputation as an able lawyer and public spirited citizen. For about HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN FARTY. 67 three years he was a partner of Walter P. Ward, who was succeeded in the firm in July, 1894, by Guy H. Martin. Mr. Cornwall has always been an active, enthusiastic, and prom- inent Republican, and has often served as a delegate to county and State conventions. In 1896 he was a delegate to the National Re- publican League at Milwaukee. He was City Attorney of Spencer in 1892 and 1893, and in the latter year was elected to the House of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly from Clay and Palo Alto Counties. He was reelected to the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, and during his second term served as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. In the extra session of 1897 he was placed on the Committee on the Re- vision of Laws and also on the committee to supervise the annotation and publication of the Revised Code. He was again renominated for the Legislature in 1897, but suffered defeat on account of local issues. His services had been particularly noteworthy, and stamped him as a man of more than ordinary ability, not only in the practice of law, but in the broad and patriotic relations of Statesmanship. He is President of the Board of Education of the Spencer city schools, and a member of the Iowa Legion of Honor, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias. September 29, 1885, Mr. Cornwall married Miss Marion Wilson, of Blue Earth City, Minn. They have five children: Barbara, Wilson, Morgan, Ruth, and Dean. a;|LPHEUS HIBBARD CHENEY, an old and respected citizen : § of Spencer, Iowa, and a loyal Republican ever since he was old enough to vote, is the son of Daniel and Sarah (Hovey) Cheney and a grandson of Daniel Hovey, a patriot soldier in the Revolutionary War. The family is of English (lescent. Mr. Cheney was born in Brookfield, Vt., on the 12th of May, 1838. He was educated in the academies at Randolph and Royalton in his native State, and in 1862, on August 1, enlisted in Company G, Tenth Vermont Volunteers. He served fourteen months in that regiment, was promoted to Lieutenant, Captain, and Major, and honorably dis- charged and mustered out of the service at Edinburg, Texas, October 1, 1865. He moved to Iowa in the winter of 1865-66 and settled in Buchanan County, whence he removed in October, 1870, to Spencer, where he has since resided. On coming to Spencer he engaged in the sale of 68 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. agricultural implements, which he continued for six years, building up a large and successful business. In the fall of 1875 he was elected to the office of County Recorder and served two years in that position. He then located on a farm, but after several years returned to Spencer to accept the office of Clerk of the Courts, to which he had been elected by a handsome majority. He served in that capacity for eight years. In 1901 he was elected to the General Assembly of Iowa by a majority of 383 over his opponent. In these various capaci- ties Mr. Cheney displayed great executive ability and untiring devotion to the best interests of the people. He has been prompt in the discharge of every obligation, conscientious in faithfully performing every duty, and One of the most public Spirited and progressive citizens. His support of and adherence to the Re- publican party have been constant and praiseworthy, and stamp him as a leader of more than ordinary popularity. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the W. O. A. March 23, 1865, Mr. Cheney married Emma Whitney, of Brookfield, Vt. They have had five children: Nellie L., Franklin B. (deceased), Daniel Alonzo, George A. (deceased), and Gertrude. : HARLES FRANCIS LE COMPTE, of Corydon, Iowa, has § been for many years one of the leading Republicans in his section. He is of French descent on his father's side, and was born in Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md., on the September, 1846, his parents being William and Sarah A. (Hodson) Meekins Le Compte. He received a fair public and private School education in his native town, and at the age of fifteen entered a printing office to learn the printer's trade. In 1865, when he was eighteen years of age, Mr. Le Compte moved to Iowa, and for some time found employment as a clerk in a store and at his trade, in the meantime developing a naturally bright intel- lect and constantly availing himself of every good opportunity for ad- Vancement. In 1871 he purchased an interest in the Wayne County Republican and moved it to Allerton, where he successfully conducted it for eleven years. At the end of that period, in 1882, W. M. Littell became his partner in the purchase of the Corydon Times, which they merged with the Republican, with the name Times-Republican at its head. Mr. Le Compte moved to Corydon and continued in partner- ship until about 1890, when Mr. Littell withdrew. Since then HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 69 Mr. Le Compte has been its sole editor and proprietor, and un- der his energetic direction it has attained a wide influence, both as a family weekly journal and as the official organ of the county, which latter position it has maintained for many years. It is one of the strongest Republican papers in the State. Mr. Le Compte is a thorough Republican, active in party councils, and has been a dele- gate to many county and State conventions. He is now Postmaster of Corydon, having been successively appointed to that office by Presi- dents Hayes, Garfield, Harrison, and McKinley. December 27, 1870, he married Hannah, daughter of William Miles and a native of Ohio. They have had seven children: Charles (de- ceased), William R., Roy (deceased), Coy, Nellie, Karl, and Miriam B. fºg. ESSE A. MILLER, a well known lawyer of Des Moines and º "e *, º •." gº & * •,• º *, *s, * & - 4 & * * * * * º - e g - & & °s - * s e e º $ - a prominent young Republican of the capital city of Iowa, was born on a farm near Iowa City on the 8th day of Au- gust, 1869. He is a son of Colonel A. J. Miller, of Oxford, IoWa, and a nephew of Dr. Emory Miller, the well known Methodist divine, and of the late Judge William E. Miller, who was for a num- ber of years a Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court. Mr. Miller was educated in the public schools of Oxford, Iowa, and at the State Uni- Versity of Iowa, graduating from the latter institution with the de- gree of LL.B. in June, 1891. Immediately after graduation and admission to the bar in 1891 he located in Des Moines and began the active practice of his profession, in which he has been very successful. For the first year or so he practiced alone, but soon formed a partnership with Hon. N. B. Ray- mond, formerly Reporter of the Supreme Court of Iowa, which part- nership continued for three years. He then formed a law partnership With James A. Howe, which continued about eight years. He has gained an honorable position at the bar, and as a man of ability, in- tegrity, and sound judgment is highly esteemed in the community. Mr. Miller has always been a Republican, and being an enthusiastic supporter and worker for the party has rendered it much valuable service. He has repeatedly served on the Polk County Central Com- mittee and always taken an active part in the conduct of its cam- paigns. From 1895 to 1898 he filled the position of Assistant Attor- ney-General of Iowa. During that time he argued in the Supreme Court eighty-two cases, and of these was successful in sixty-five, many of them being hard fought and important cases. In the spring of • *. * *** .” .*, * §º 70 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1902 he was nominated by the Republican party for County Attorney of Polk County, and owing to the fact that Polk County is strongly Republican, and to his popularity in the community, he will unques- tionably be elected at the November election. Mr. Miller is a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias, the Maccabees, and the Modern Woodmen of America. In 1895 he mar- ried Emily Williston Magoun, daughter of Dr. George F. Magoun, of Grinnell, who was for many years President of Iowa College. They have been blessed with two children, twin boys, IFrederick Magoun. Miller and Alexander McColm Miller. - sº I.OYD LEE LIVINGSTON, a well known lawyer and Repub- #| lican of Corydon, Iowa, was born in Lindon, Ill., on the 24th of April, 1876. His father, Warren L. Livingston, who is also a prominent lawyer in active practice in Corydon, came to Iowa from Prophetstown, Ill., in 1880, and since then has been an influential citizen of Wayne County; his wife's maiden name was Josephine L. Jewell. Mr. Livingston inherited all the sturdy characteristics of a long line of English and Scotch ancestors. He was educated in the public and high schools of Corydon and at the law department of the State Uni- versity of Iowa, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1897. Since then he has been actively engaged in the general practice of his profession with his father, the firm name being Livingston & Livingston. In 1900 he was elected County Attorney of Wayne County. He is an earnest Republican, prominent in party affairs, and regarded as an able, trustworthy young leader. He began stumping the county in the campaign of 1896, when but twenty years of age. He is a mem- ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In September, 1901, Mr. Livingston married Audrey L. Wilson, daughter of Joseph F. Wilson, a well known citizen of Allerton, Iowa. E.ILLIAM NEWTON TREICHLER, of Tipton, Iowa, is a native § of Montgomery County, Pa., as were also his parents, Abram Treichler and Margaret Miller. Abram is now a prosperous farmer in Cedar County, Iowa. Mr. Treichler was born on the 8th of January, 1856, and moved to Iowa with his father's family when a boy. He was educated in the com- HISTOIRY OF THE IREPUBLICAN PAIRTY. 71 mon schools and at the Iowa State University. Afterward he entered upon a successful career as a lawyer, building up a large practice and becoming one of the leading members of the bar in his part of the State. In 1898 he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District of Iowa, a position he has filled with great ability and satisfaction. He is a Republican in politics, deeply interested in the success of the party, and one of its able and trusted WILLIAM N. TREICHLER. leaders. Outside of his profession he is connected with the Electric Company of Tipton and takes an active interest in the welfare of the community. In March, 1883, he was married at Norristown, Pa., to Joanna Rhoads, daughter ºf Joseph Rhoads, of that place. Their children are Joseph Rhoads, Harrington, and William Edmund, º AMES LORING CARNEY, lawyer, of Marshalltown, Iowa, H is a native of Lawrence, Mass., and was born July 29, 1847. His parents moved to Iowa in 1857, locating near Brook- lyn, Poweshiek County. Seven years later the father died. The family then removed to Grinnell. Mr. Carney was educated in Iowa, graduating from Iowa College in 72 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1871 and from the law department of the Iowa State University in 1873. Afterward he was associated with Brown & Sears and H. E. J. Boardman in the practice of law. Since 1875 Mr. Carney has been en- gaged in active practice at his present location, and is well known as a lawyer, politician, and financier. During this period he has been identi- fied with the firms of Henderson & Carney, Brown & Carney, and Car- ney & Holt. For four years he has served as City Solicitor of Marshall- town. He was County Attorney for Marshall County for a like term, and State Senator for four years, his last term expiring January 1, 1900. He represented the Fifth Congressional District as a delegate to the National Republican Convention in 1892, and cast the only Vote which William McKinley received from Iowa on that occasion. Mr. Carney has been identified with various business and financial interests of his locality and is now a Director of the City National Bank as well as connected with a number of other corporations. He has gained a high reputation as an able lawyer and Republican leader, and enjoys the confidence to an unusual degree of his acquaintances. Eſe was married in May, 1879, to Miss Minnie E. Tillotson, of Mar- shalltown, Iowa, and has four children: Leonard T., Lora M., and Gladys and Gurna (twins). ; :º º OM. H. MILNER, of Belle Plaine, Iowa, son of Robert W. §§§ and Mary A. Milner, was born at Inverness, Columbiana County, Ohio, December 31, 1854. The family removed to Wyoming, Iowa, when he was a boy, and he received his education at Mount Vernon, in that State. Afterward he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and for many years has been actively engaged in general practice at Belle Plaine, where he resides. Mr. Milner has always been a stalwart Republican. His father was an uncompromising abolitionist, one of the first supporters of the Re. publican party, and active and influential in the cause of the Union, and from him Mr. Milner imbibed those rock-rooted principles of Re- publicanism which have characterized his entire political life and gained for him recognition as an able, trustworthy leader. Although he has been from early boyhood deeply interested in public affairs, and especially in the growth and welfare of the party with which he is so closely connected, he has never sought and but twice accepted office—those of School Director and City Attorney, With these ex- ceptions he has devoted himself steadily and successfully to his pro- fession, overcoming the earlier obstacles of poverty, and building up HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 73 a large clientage and an honorable reputation. He is highly esteemed in the community as a man of ability, public Spirit, and energy. On December 9, 1885, Mr. Milner was married at Iowa Falls, Iowa, to Miss Lucia A. George. They have one son, Robert S. gºl AMES URIAH SAMMIS, lawyer, of Le Mars, Iowa, was born # in Polo, III., September 13, 1863. His parents, Charles Wheeler and Emily Antoinette Sammis, moved from Chau- tauqua County, N. Y., their birthplace, to Illinois, in 1837, settling, with their parents, at old “ Buffalo Grove’’ in Ogle County, in which county they have ever since resided. Mr. Sammis was reared on a farm, was graduated from the high school at Oregon in his native State, and early developed those sterling attributes of character which have served him well in his professional career. He was admitted to the bar, in Iowa, in 1888, and from that year to the present has prac- ticed law in Le Mars, Iowa, becoming one of the ablest and most prom- inent attorneys and counsellors in that section of the State. His prac- tice runs largely to the trial of cases, for which he is peculiarly fitted and adapted, and in this line he has achieved noteworthy success. He has never held political office, although an active, ardent, and influential Republican. In 1898 he was a candidate before the State Tepublican Convention for Railroad Commissioner, was nominated on the first ballot, and subsequently cheated of his victory by the success- ful scheming of his opponents, who secured a second ballot after many of his friends and supporters had left the convention hall. At the present time he is a candidate for United States Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, and his friends are sanguine of his appoint- ment. For the past ten years he has done much effective and valuable work on the stump in each campaign, and is regarded as one of the best campaigners in the State. Mr. Sammis is a Mason and Knight Templar, and a member of the Knights of Pythias, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and of the Prairie Club, of Le Mars. He occupies a conspicuous place in the community, not only as an able and successful lawyer, but also as a progressive, public spirited citi- Zell. May 10, 1888, he was married to Fannie M. Randall, of Dubuque, Iowa, and they have three children: Charles Randall, James Uriah, Jr., and Margaret. 74 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. *OWARD LUCIEN RANN, editor of the Manchester (Iowa) *Nº Press, which was founded by his father in the early history of Delaware County, was born in Pontiac, Mich., on the 7th of June, 1870. He comes of Puritan stock, his father, Han- nibal Lucien Rann, being of French descent, and his mother, Mary Leffingwell, of English extraction. On both sides his ancestors have been residents of this country for several generations. Mr. Rann received an excellent education at Cornell College in Mount Vermon, Iowa, and learned the printer’s trade under the direc- tion of his father, with whom he was associated for a number of years in the management and editorship of the Manchester Press. On Jan- uary 1, 1896, he succeeded his father as editor of the Press. The founder of the paper, H. L. Rann, Sr., who died in May, 1897, occupied for a quarter of a century a prominent position among the newspaper men of Iowa. He was a writer of great ability and force, a man of the highest type of character, and an editor Who genuinely sought to make his paper an exponent of clean, honorable, helpful journalism. Mr. Rann inas never sought nor held public office. He is a Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and actively identified with the community. He was married, October 18, 1894, to Miss Gertrude Alice Arnold, daughter of Hiram Arnold, a well known citizen of Man- Chester, IOWa. They have two children: Amy Rann and Lucien Ar- nold IRamiu. ãº. OHN CLARENCE SIMPSON, of Knoxville, Iowa, was born :-. # in that State, in Marion County, on the 11th of June, 1874, his parents being George Simpson and Caroline Miller, re- spectively of English and German descent. He spent his early life on his father's farm, and attended the public schools of Rnoxville and subsequently the Northern Indiana Normal School, graduating from the business department of the latter institution. Mr. Simpson has been employed in the office of the Department of Agriculture of Iowa since April 1, 1894, being elected Secretary thereof December 12, 1901. He is an ardent Republican, deeply interested in the welfare of the party, and respected as a man of ability, energy, and integrity. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Knights of Pythias. - He was married on the 20th of November, 1901, to Miss Ora E. Bar- low, of Des Moines, Iowa. * > HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 75 sº ILLIAM G. DONNAN, of Independence, Iowa, is the son of § Alexander Donnan and Elizabeth McKindley, his wife. He is a farmer's boy, wholly of Scotch ancestry, and was born in West Charlton, Saratoga County, N. Y., June 30, 1834. He prepared for college at Cambridge Washington Academy, was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1856, and settled at Independence, Iowa, in September of that year. He read law with Hon. J. S. Woodward, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1857. On August 3 of the same year he was elected Treasurer and Recorder of Buchanan County, Iowa, and held the office by reelection until 1862. - In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private soldier in Company H, Twenty-seventh Regiment, Iowa Infantry Volunteers, and served three years, until the close of the Rebellion, having been promoted to First Lieutenant and brevetted Captain and Major. He received personal commendation in several official brigade battle reports. Mr. Donnan was Chairman of the Republican State Committee in 1883, and a member of the National Republican Conventions of 1876 and 1884. He was twice elected to the Iowa State Senate, and served during the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first General Assemblies. In 1870 he was elected to Congress, as a Republican, was reelected in 1872, and declined further candidacy. In 1875 he was offered an appointment abroad, by President Grant, which he de- Clined. He was married, October 1, 1857, to Mary E. Williamson, formerly of Kentucky. They have two sons: William W. and Donald D. fºLONARD FLETCHER PARKER, of Grinnell, whose long and §§º active connection with the educational interests of Iowa has brought him into prominence throughout the West, was born in Arcade, N. Y., August 3, 1825, his parents be- ing Elias Parker, a successful farmer, and Dorothy Fletcher. He is a lineal descendant of Abraham Parker, who came from England, probably from Wiltshire, to Massachusetts in 1630, settling at Wo- burn in 1644, and removing to Chelmsford in the same colony in 1655. His maternal ancestor was Robert Fletcher. Both families resided in Chelmsford or Westford until about 1800, when his parents moved to Cavendish, Vt., whence they removed to Arcade in Western New York about ten years later. His grandfathers on both sides served with distinction in the Revolutionary War. 76 EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. A farmer boy, an orphan at four, Professor Parker taught his way through college, graduating from Oberlin in 1851. After two years in theology there ill health forced him to turn from the thought of a life in the ministry to teaching, and with the anticipation of a brief career. After three years (1853-56) of teaching in Brownsville, Pa., he visited Lawrence, Kan., hoping to locate there as a teacher. But in 1856 “Border Ruffians” and Buford's Georgians made “Jim” Lanes and John Browns seem more essential to the territory just then than educators. Young men there were using bayonets more than black- boards. Iowa had just become Republican. Its citizens were inter- ested in Schools, and friends in Grinnell invited him and his wife to that place, then only two years old. The call was accepted. Iowa College was opened in Grinnell in 1859. He was in charge of the institution until the first class was nearly ready for graduation in 1865, and retained his professorship of the ancient languages until 1870. In 1868-70 he served as a Representative in the State Legislature, being Chairman of the COmmittee On Schools, and at the end of his term declined a renomination. His professorship of Greek and later of history in the Iowa State University extended from 1870 to 1887, and he resumed his work in Iowa College as Professor of History in 1888 and closed in 1899 because of growing deafness. He was then honored by the title of “Professor Emeritus,” the only one ever given by the college. At the beginning of the Civil War he proposed to enter the Union Army, but the protests of the college trustees induced him to defer his enlistment until the emergencies of the war in 1864 called for Sher- man’s illustrious movement through the heart of the Confederacy. He refused the captaincy of his company in favor of a furloughed sol- dier and became First Lieutenant of Company B, Forty-sixth Iowa Infantry, under Colonel D. B. Henderson (now Speaker of the National House of Representatives), under the special call for one hundred days' service. Every college boy of military age accompanied him. On his discharge from the army the friends of Vallandigham had organized the Knights of the Golden Circle throughout the Northwest. Some of them had been drafted. Two deputy marshals employed in the draft were assassinated in Poweshiek County. A military com- pany called “Democratic Rangers ” was suspected of being accessory. Mr. Parker was put in command of a company ordered to arrest them. The proof of complicity was insufficient. The arrested men planned wholesale prosecutions for false imprisonment. The captain began the work. He failed in the District and in the Supreme Court, and the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 77 State, on the motion of a Democrat in the Legislature, paid the costs of the defense. Mr. Parker then engaged in organizing Union Leagues in the hour of the country's supreme need. º 4× 2– º sº. A f * * Professor Parker has taken an active part in conventions, county and State, for many years. He voted for Van Buren in 1848, was the 78 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. first County Superintendent of Schools in his county, and reelected twice, once unanimously, and was a Representative in the State Legis- lature in 1868-70 (and Chairman of the Committee on Schools), and declined a reelection on account of college duties. He has been a Re- publican since the organization of the party. He is now a Director of the First National and Merchants National Banks of Grinnell, and Hectures occasionally on national, educational, and religious topics. Several of his papers and addresses have been published in pamphlet form. His most considerable volume, entiled “ Higher Education in Iowa,” was written at the request of the National Bureau of Educa- tion and published by the United States. Rev. A. D. Mayo, LL.D., says in the Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1898-99 that it is “a most entertaining and deeply interesting educational and his- torical treatise ’’ and makes “any elaborate treatment of the period * it covers “almost an impertinence.” Perhaps the topic in that treatise of broadest and most permanent interest is the demonstration that in the report of a speech by President Grant, at Des Moines, as it ap- peared in newspapers, magazines, and bound volumes, two letters and three words were so interpolated as to make him seem hostile to all public education above that in the common schools, the very opposite of what he sought to express and did say. Professor Parker was married August 21, 1853, to Sarah Candace Pearse, of Oberlin, Ohio. Of their five children—William Everard, Harriet Jane, Elbert Alonzo, Leonard Fletcher, Jr., and Cora Elvira— only one, Harriet Jane, the wife of Hon. John Campbell, Chief Justice of Colorado, is now living. gº! HARLES A. CLARK, a prominent lawyer of Cedar Rapids, flºº Iowa, comes from an old New England family, his first American ancestor, Hugh Clark, settling in Watertown, Mass., in 1640. Rev. Jonas Clark, one of his ancestors, fig- ured in history as a friend of Governor Hancock. Mr. Clark’s father, William Goding Clark, a native of Maine, was a leading lawyer there, Secretary of the State Senate in 1855-56, and active in public affairs in that State until his death in 1857. He married Elizabeth White Stevens, of Shapleigh, Me., whose father was a prominent physician in that town for more than fifty years. She was a second cousin of Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim, the inventor of the famous Maxim gun. Mr. Clark was born in Sangerville, Me., on the 26th of January, 1841. He was educated in the common schools and spent three terms at HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 79 Foxcroft Academy, and also studied Latin and Greek under a private tutor, walking three miles to Guilford three times a week while working on the farm. In 1856, when only fifteen, he began teaching school, and the training he acquired in that capacity proved the most valuable part of his education. April 25, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany A, Sixth Maine Volunteers, being the first man to sign the enlist- ment roll of his organization. He was successively Corporal, Ser- geant, and Second Lieutenant (February, 1862), and in August, 1862, was made l'irst Lieutenant and Adjutant under Colonel (afterward Brigadier-General) Hiram Burnham, and he remained in that position until honorably discharged on account of wounds in February, 1864. Early in April, 1864, he again entered the Union Army, having been commissioned Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General of volunteers by President Lincoln. He served as Assistant Adjutant-General of Burnham’s brigade until November, 1864, when he was obliged to re- sign on account of wounds and ill health. His army record is a bril- liant one. He was brevetted Major for gallantry at Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, May 3, 1863, on the personal recommendation of his old commander, General Hancock; was awarded a special Congres- sional medal of honor for distinguished gallantry and meritorious services in saving his regiment from capture in action at Brook's Ford, Va., May 4, 1863; and was made a Lieutenant-Colonel for brav- ery at Rappahannock Station, November 7, 1863. In all of the numer- ous battles and skirmishes in which he participated, including those of the Peninsula campaign and the advance on Richmond, he displayed great bravery and heroism, and won the confidence of both superiors and subordinates. He had three brothers in the army, two of whom (lied from wounds received in the service. From his admission to the bar in 1866 Colonel Clark resided at Webster City, Iowa, until 1876, since which time he has lived in Cedar Rapids. He has had a large practice in the State and Federal courts of Iowa and adjoining States, and Since 1878 he has carried many important causes before the Supreme Court of the United States. From 1876 to 1886 he was a partner of Hon. Nathaniel Mead Hub- bard. In 1900 the members of the bar of Cedar Rapids presented his name to the Republican State Convention as a candidate for the nomi- nation as Justice of the Supreme Court, but he declined to take any part in the matter and was not nominated, although he had a very large support throughout the State. In 1891 he was a member of the commission to revise the revenue laws of Iowa. He has taken an active part in many political campaigns, but has never been a candi- date for public honors. As a lawyer he is widely known. He is prom- 80 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. inently identified with patriotic and military orders, serving in 1899 and 1900 as commander of the Loyal Legion of Iowa. He cast his first vote for Lincoln and stanchly supported the Re- publican party until 1872, when he became a Liberal Republican, serving as a delegate to the Cincinnati convention of that year. From that time to 1896, however, he affiliated with the Democratic party, which nominated him for the position of Attorney-General of the State. In 1888 he was Chairman of the Democratic State Convention at Dubuque and a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, and in 1891 he placed Horace Boies in nomination for Governor. He left the party in 1896 on account of its demand for free silver, its attack on the Federal judiciary, and its stand against the right of the gov- ernment to suppress such disorders as the Chicago railway riots of 1894, and rejoined the IRepublican forces, taking the stump and active- ly working for McKinley and sound money. Since then he has been one of the most loyal, energetic, and respected Republican leaders in his section. Colonel Clark was married, December 19, 1863, to Miss Helen E. Brockway, of Sangerville, Me., and has six children. tº AMES W. JOHNSON, prominent as an agriculturist, edu- | cator, and editor of the Albia (Iowa) Union, and also as a Republican leader and political Writer, was born in Zanes- ville, Ohio, June 21, 1849. He is the son of Samuel John- son and IFrances Gillogly and a grandson of George Johnson, a native of Maryland, and Nancy (Humphrey) Johnson, who was born in Vir- ginia of Scotch ancestry, and who was a niece of Colonel John Hum- phrey, a distinguished officer in the Revolutionary War. George Johnson was of English descent, and served as a Lieutenant in the War of 1812. The maternal grandparents of James W. Johnson were Henry Gillogly, a native of Ireland, and Mary Grandstaff, of Ger- many. His father, Samuel, was a successful farmer and auctioneer, and occupied a prominent place in the community. Mr. Johnson was graduated from the State University of Iowa with the degree of B.D., and received a life diploma from the State Teach- ers’ Board of Examiners. He spent his early life as a farmer, began teaching winter school at the age of seventeen, and continued in that occupation for some twelve years, gaining a wide reputation as an able, thorough, and successful educator. He taught his own way through college, and in the highest sense of the term is a self-made HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 81 man. From 1881 to 1885 Mr. Johnson was engaged in the mercantile and creamery business at Oskaloosa, Iowa. Since then he has de- voted himself chiefly to journalism. He established the Oskaloosa #lobe on May 20, 1884, and continued as its editor and publisher for ten years, selling it in 1894 and becoming the editor of the National Traveler, of Chicago. In 1895 he purchased the Knoxville (Iowa) Journal, which he conducted with marked success for almost seven years, when he sold out and bought his present paper, the Albia Union. The Union was started before the war, and ranks as one of the best and most influential Republican newspapers in the State. It has a well equipped office, a large circulation, and a prestige of great value, and under Mr. Johnson’s able and energetic management has become a power for good in the community. It is published semi-weekly. In politics Mr. Johnson is like his paper—a stanch, active, and use- ful Republican leader of recognized influence. From early life he has been prominent in political affairs and a worker in the party. He is a strong political writer, a good executive manager, an earnest and enthusiastic supporter of Republican principles, and especially influential in political conventions, where he is always found. In educational matters he is One of the best known men in Iowa. He was County Superintendent of Schools of Mahasha County (Oskaloosa) in 1876-77, and started the first teachers’ library and the first educa- tional department in a local paper in the State. In 1900 he was called to Washington, D. C., to take charge of the census examinations as Chief Examiner, and in this capacity passed 2,500 applicants in ten weeks. He has long been active and prominent in the Iowa State Teachers' Association. Mr. Johnson served as Secretary of the Iowa Dairy Association for five years, was in charge of the dairy depart- ment of the Iowa State Fair for twelve years, and in 1885 was ap- pointed Iowa Dairy Commissioner to the World's Fair at New Or- leans. His public speeches, especially those delivered before con- ventions in Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis, have attracted wide attention, as have also his editorials and numerous important news- paper articles. He has an enviable reputation as a newspaper corre- spondent, his long training in this capacity and in the general field of journalism giving him a perfect command of the English language as well as a wide acquaintance throughout his own and other States. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, a public spirited, enterprising citizen, and universally esteemed as a man of ability, probity of character, and unimpeachable integrity. Mr. Johnson was married July 11, 1872, to Delia Hawley, and has 82 EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. two children: Lea E. Johnson, business manager of the Union office, and Grace I. Johnson, an accomplished Singer and pianist. #|ARIS PERRIN HENDERSON, of Indianola, Warren County, º Iowa, was born in Liberty, Union County, Ind., January 3, 1825, and there received a common School education. His father, Thomas Henderson, Was a tanner and currier by trade and later a shoe merchant by occupation, and on his side he is descended from a family of Highlanders of Scotland who settled in Virginia before the Revolutionary War. His mother, Polly Star- buck, was of English descent, her ancestors coming to America in the colonial period. Mr. EIenderson moved to Iowa in 1847 and settled on a claim four miles east of Indianola. In 1848 he was appointed the Organizing Sheriff of Warren County, the civil organization of which was com- pleted under his direction on the 1st of January, 1849. He was elected the first Sheriff, and also, in 1849, the first County Judge, which latter office he held for ten years. In 1859 he was elected to the State Sen- ate. He served in that body for two years, participating in the busi- ness of the regular Session in 1860 and in that of the special session in 1861. At the close of the special session of the Legislature Judge Hender- son resigned his seat in the Senate and entered the Union Army as Captain of Company G, Tenth Iowa Infantry. He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and later to Colonel of his regiment, and served with special distinction in some of the great battles of the war. Judge Eſenderson was one of the founders and organizers of the Republican party in Iowa in 1856, and from that time to the present bas been one of its ablest leaders and most energetic and successful Workers. In every campaign, and particularly in that which resulted in the election of Governor Grimes, he has taken an active part. No man has been more loyal to the party’s interests, and none has con- tributed more to its growth and triumphs in the State. He is a man of ability, public spirit, and strong character, widely known for those sterling principles which mark the true pioneer, and honored and respected wherever he is known. In both business and official capacities he has been eminently successful. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of important Republican clubs. He is also a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic. December 16, 1847, he married Martha P. Henderson, who died in HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 83 May, 1865, leaving two sons: John H., of Indianola, and Alfred M., of Marengo, Iowa. Afterward Judge Henderson married Mary C. Proudfoot, by whom he has one daughter, Mrs. Susie M. Beck, of Gibbon, Neb. . sºl OHN HANCOCK HENDERSON, of Indianola, son of Hon. º, à Paris P. and Martha P. Henderson, was born in Ackworth, Warren County, Iowa, on the 16th of September, 1848. He --------------- was educated in the common schools of Indianola and at Simpson College in his native State, and spent his youth and early manhood as a clerk in the county treasurer’s office. In this capacity he acquired a broad and liberal knowledge of public affairs as well as a thorough training in clerical work. - Mr. Henderson has been a resident of Indianola since 1850, when his father took up his residence there to assume the duties of first Sheriff of Warren County, having previously served as its organizing Sheriff. He was for a short time engaged in the real estate business, but the legal profession appealed to his tastes, and on January 12, 1870, after pursuing a course of study, he was admitted to the Iowa bar. For many years Mr. Henderson has been a prominent Republican, having served as a delegate to numerous local, district, and State conventions. He has never been a candidate, however, for any office except that of a judicial nature. In November, 1885, he was elected Judge of the Second Circuit of the Fifth Judicial District of Iowa, serving in that capacity until 1887. In the meantime he had been elected as District Judge of the same district, and served from Janu. ary, 1887, to January, 1896, being twice reelected. His third term would have expired January 1, 1899, but he resigned January 1, 1896, and returned to the practice Of law as a member of the firm of EIen- derson & Berry. Since this partnership was dissolved he has prac- ticed alone. Judge Henderson has for many years been a member of the Ameri- can Bar Association, and in 1897 he was President of the Iowa State Bar Association. Since August, 1869, he has served as Secretary of the Board of Trustees of Simpson College. For five years he was a member of the School Board of Indianola. He is an active member of the Old Settlers Association, and as a citizen is highly esteemed by the entire community. - - 84 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY, DWARD CLARENCE BROWN, a well known citizen and §º § Republican of Sheldon, Iowa, was born in Marion, Living- # ston County, Mich., October 26, 1846. His father, Joseph Brown, a farmer by occupation, was born in Cambridge, England, and came to this country and settled in Michigan about 1832. His mother, Rosetta Warburton, was a native of London. Edward C. Brown was educated in the public and high schools of Ann Arbor, Mich. In February, 1870, he moved to Iowa, settling on a homestead near Sutherland, O’Brien County, where he was engaged in farming until 1876, after which he was in the employ of J. R. Hum- phrey for about eighteen months. In JuJie, 1877, he purchased the Sheldon Bank in Sheldon, Iowa, and has since been engaged in the banking business in that town. He is also President of the Larrabee Savings Bank in Larrabee, Iowa. Mr. Brown enlisted in March, 1865, in Company C, Third Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and later was transferred to Company E of the same regiment. He served in the Third Brigade, Third Division, Fourth Army Corps, in the Army of the Cumberland, and after the sur- render at Appomattox was sent to Texas, serving until April 6, 1866, at Galveston. He has taken an active part in politics for several years, and is One of the ablest leaders of the Republican party in his section. He has been a delegate to Republican National Conventions, Chairman of the O’Brien County Republican Central Committee, and for a num- ber of years a member of the Sheldon School Board, displaying in each capacity a broad knowledge of public affairs and a deep interest in every good movement. He is a member of the Masonic order, includ- ing the Commandery and the Shrine, and is also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. Brown was married, April 24, 1869, to Katharine, daughter of John M. and Margaret Kearney, of Pinckney, Mich., and a grand- daughter of Peter Barringer, a soldier in the Revolutionary War. They have six sons and one daughter: Emma Matilda, Earl W., Robert Emmett, Edward C., Jr., Charles E., Ernest A., and Willard J. sº AMES WINFIELD MILLER, Postmaster of Winterset, Iowa, # and one of the leading Republicans of that section, was born in Mount Pleasant, Pa., on the 5th of April, 1852. 3. * He is the son of Hon. William Edward Miller and Mary Robinson. His father has had a distinguished career, having been for HISTORY OF TELE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 85 many years one of the foremost lawyers and jurists in the State. Judge Miller moved from Pennsylvania to Iowa at an early day. He served as Colonel of the Twenty-eighth Iowa Regiment in the Civil War, became District Judge, and was finally appointed to the Supreme Court bench. James W. Miller was educated in Iowa City. In 1871 he engaged in the lumber business with H. F. Getchell & Son, and two years later removed to Winterset to take charge of a branch of their business in that place. He continued in that capacity until 1876. In 1877 his father-in-law, Colonel Henry J. B. Cummings, was elected to Congress, and Mr. Miller assumed charge of the Winterset Madisonian, owned by Cummings & Springer. He remained in that position until 1890, when he engaged in the stock business, in which he continued with marked success until he was appointed Postmaster at Winterset in December, 1899. Mr. Miller is an earnest, consistent, and loyal Republican, and for a long time has been active in party affairs. He has attended the county and State conventions for years, in which he has wielded a considerable influence. He was married, November 23, 1876, to Laura J., only daughter of Colonel Henry J. B. and Annie (Robb) Cummings, and has had two children, both of whom died in infancy. #|EORGE MARION TITUS, a prominent lawyer and Repub- lican of Muscatine, Iowa, is of English descent and the son of Allen G. Titus and Mary Jane Rhoads. He was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., May 19, 1855, moved West when a boy, and acquired a good public school and academical education, finishing his literary studies at the Wilton (Iowa) Collegiate Institute. At the age of sixteen he began teaching school in Michigan, an occu- pation he followed successfully for several years. Moving to Cedar County, Iowa, he began the study of law in 1876, was admitted to the bar in 1880, and since then has been actively en- gaged in general practice at Muscatine, where he resides. He is also engaged in the real estate business. Mr. Titus is an active Republican in politics and one of the party’s most enthusiastic leaders. In 1897 he was elected to the Iowa State Senate and served one term, being a member of the Committees on the Judiciary and Appropriations. Pſe was the author of the amend- ment to the constitution known as the “Titus Amendment,” provid- 86 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PAIRTY. ing for biennial elections, which passed the Twenty-seventh and Twen- ty-eighth General Assemblies and was submitted to a vote of the peo- ple in 1900. It was adopted by the largest majority received by any measure ever submitted to the inhabitants of the State, but, unfortu- nately, was nullified by a decision of the Supreme Court on the ground that the Clerk of the House failed to spread it upon the House Jour- nal. Mr. Titus introduced the bill establishing the State Library GEORGE. M. TITUS. Commission, and since its enactment, which he was largely instru- mental in securing, the State has received within two years donations for library purposes in Iowa aggregating over $550,000. He was also the author of the bill requiring that all amendments to the constitution or other public measures to be submitted to a vote of the people at general elections shall be on a separate ballot. These indicate in a measure the activity and usefulness of Mr. Titus during his term in ELISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 87 the State Senate. He was ever the champion of the best interests of the people at large, and steadily labored for their general welfare and advancement. At the bar he has achieved distinction, honor, and suc- cess, while as a citizen he stands high in the community, whose confi- dence and respect he enjoys in an unusual degree. He was married, June 1, 1881, to Ella, daughter of Allen Broom- hall, of Muscatine, Iowa, and has three children: Harriet E., George Raymond, and Gertrude Elizabeth. º, EORGE H. CARR, of Des Moines, Iowa, was born at White- & W ºf hall, N. Y., November 23, 1852. He is the son of William H. and Elizabeth (Armstrong) Carr, both natives of the Empire State, who removed to T)e Kalb County, Ill., in 1855, and settled on a farm. Here George attended the public schools. At the age of fifteen he entered the Sandwich High School, remaining one year. In 1872 he was graduated from Jennings Seminary at Aurora. Afterward he attended Beloit College for a time. He be- gan his law studies in the office of Judge Kellum at Sycamore, Ill., where he remained one year, when he entered the law department of the Iowa State University, from which he was graduated in 1877. On receiving his license to practice Mr. Carr settled in Emmetsburg, Iowa, and was for a time associated with C. E. Cahoon. Later he be- came the junior partner of the firm of Soper, Crawford & Carr, which continued until his elevation to the Tistrict Court hench of the Four- teenth District in January, 1887. At the expiration of his term he was renominated by acclamation and reelected without opposition, and served until October 12, 1894. In Angust of that wear Judge Carr removed to Des Moines, when he resumed and has since conducted his practico with A. C. Parker Tinder the firm name of Carr & Parker, As a Joval Republican Judge Carr has always taken an active part in the affairs of the nartv. At Fmmetsburo he served as Mavor of the citv. He was also a member of the Twenty-second and Twenty- eighth General Assemblies of the State. He is a successful business man as well as an eminent lawyer and iurist, and has been a stock- holder and Director of several banks in Northern Iowa. He is a Rnight Templar Mason and also belongs to the B. P. O. Elks. In 1877, at Detroit, Mich., Judge Carr married Miss Emma Parker, and they have one son, Fred T., and one daughter, Maude, 88 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. §§§ SBURY B. PORTER, for many years one of the leading Re- j publicans in Iowa and a distinguished officer in the War of the Rebellion, was born in Bourbon County, Ky., June 20, 1808. When he was twenty-one years of age his father died, leaving a widow and nine children, the eldest being the subject of this article. Upon him devolved the care of the family. Colonel Porter moved to Vermillion County, Ill., and while there became acquainted with Miss Martha Ann Brazelton, a native of North Carolina, who came to Illinois at an early age. They were married January 18, 1835. The same year Colonel Porter went to Henry County, Iowa, purchased a tract of land, planted and raised a season’s crops, and returned to Illinois for his family, who he moved to his new home in October, 1836. They were among the early set- tlers of that section, and in its development Colonel Porter took an active part. He was elected clerk of the courts in 1847 and reelected in 1849, and was chosen a representative of Henry County to the terri- torial Legislature for three successive terms. For twenty years he Was engaged in mercantile business. He was Captain of a military company known as the Mount Pleas- ant Grays, and when the Civil War broke out this organization en- listed for three months’ service, being among the first to respond to President Lincoln's original call for troops. Captain Porter led his company to Keokuk, Iowa, and while there was elected Major of the I'irst Iowa Volunteer Infantry, the only Iowa regiment that answered £he first call for 75,000 men. At the expiration of their term of enlist- ment there was prospect of a battle, and General Lyon suggested that the regiment remain. A vote was taken and they unanimously de- cided to stay, which they did until after the battle of Wilson Creek. About one week before that battle General Lyon wrote to the Secre- tary of War recommending Major Porter for appointment to the rank of major in the United States regular army and suggesting that he be assigned to duty under him. But Major Porter desired to remain in the volunteer service, and upon the expiration of his term of enlist- ment he was authorized by the Secretary of War to raise the Fourth Regiment of Iowa Volunteer Cavalry, of which he was commissioned Colonel. He was also authorized by the Secretary of War to select, inspect, and buy the horses for the regiment without restrictions—the only instance known where this privilege was given to the colonel of any regiment during the war. Colonel Porter selected every horse. The regiment was composed of horses of mottled colors and left for the field 1200 strong, and served under General Curtis in Missouri HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 89 and Arkansas. Colonel Porter was obliged to resign his commission in 1863 on account of eye troubles, and returned home. His career in the army was one of bravery and unfailing devotion to duty, and gained for him a high reputation. He had become prom- inent in the Republican party, with which he affiliated at its organi- Zation, and for many years he was one of its acknowledged leaders in his section. After the war he was appointed Internal Revenue In- spector for the First Congressional District of Iowa, and filled that office with ability and satisfaction. - He had eight children: Watson B., Emily C., Louzenia W., Sarah E., Frank P., Jennie C., Asbury B., Jr., and Samuel A. (deceased). g|AMES S. BEACOM was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., || on the 9th of December, 1853, being the son of Rev. H. C. Beacom. He received his education in the common schools and Washington and Jefferson College, graduating from the latter institution in June, 1880. He was admitted to the bar of Westmoreland County in January, 1884. In November, 1886, he was elected to the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, and served during the session of 1887. He was a delegate-at-large to the Na- tional Republican Convention of 1896. In 1897 he was nominated by the Republican Convention for State Treasurer and elected by a large majority. gº AMES HARVEY JAMISON was born March 11, 1859, in : ºl Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa, where he still resides. His father, Robert, who was born in Logan County, Ky., in 1816, moved to Indiana and thence in 1847 to Iowa, set- tling in Clarke County in 1850, where he entered the first quarter sec- tion of government land ever entered in the county. Robert Jamison still lives there and owns four hundred acres of land. He is of Scotch descent. His wife, Christena Kyte, is of Irish extraction, and was born in Indiana in 1818. They were married in 1845. James H. Jamison was reared on his father's farm, attended the district schools and Garden Grove Academy in his native State, under Professor R. A. Harkness, and was graduated in the commercial course from Valparaiso (Ind.) College in 1881, taking the scientific course at that institution in 1882-83. Subsequently he taught school 90 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. for a time, and in 1888 entered the law office of McIntyre Brothers, of Osceola. He was admitted to the bar of Iowa at the May term of the Supreme Court, 1890, and at once formed a partnership with his pre- ceptors under the firm name of McIntyre Brothers & Jamison, which still continues. Mr. Jamison has always been an active Republican, a worker in the campaigns, and one of the party’s energetic, trustworthy leaders. In 1891 he was nominated and elected State Senator from the Eleventh District, comprising the Counties of Clarke and Warren, and served in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth General Assemblies with ac- knowledged ability and satisfaction. He was a member of the Ways and Means, the Judiciary, and the Railroad Committees, and the originator of much beneficial legislation, being the author of the Sen- ate bill establishing a commission to codify the laws of Iowa, the passage of which he secured in the upper house. In the Twenty-fifth General Assembly he also drafted a resolution for woman suffrage, and was active in many other important measures. . He is one of the most successful lawyers and best known young men in Southern Iowa. Through his natural ability, integrity, energy, and sound judgment he has achieved a high reputation, both at the bar and in politics, and is honored and esteemed by all who know him. He has attended the Republican State and county conven- tions for many years. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Jamison was married on the 2d of June, 1898, to Margaret A., daughter of J. H. Robbins, of Woodburn, Iowa. sºloT THOMAS, of Storm Lake, one of the leading lawyers of §§§ 3;| Iowa and member of Congress from the Eleventh Con- gressional District, was born on a farm in Fayette County, Pa., October 17, 1843. He attended district school in win- ter and worked on the parental farm during the summer months un- iil August, 1864, when he entered the Vermillion Institute at Hayes- ville, Ohio, remaining there four years. In the autumn of 1868 he moved to Iowa and taught two terms of school at New Virginia, War- ren County. During this time he purchased some law books and spent his leisure in studying law, and on January 1, 1870, he entered the law department of the Iowa State University at Iowa City, where he was admitted to the bar a few months later. - In August, 1870, Judge Thomas settled at Storm Lake, Buena Vista County, where he has since resided. He practiced his profession with -----------------.. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 91 constantly increasing success until January, 1885, when he took his seat on the bench of the Fourteenth Judicial District of Iowa, having been elected to that position in the preceding November. By suc- cessive reelections he continued to discharge the duties of his judicial office until August 26, 1898, when he resigned to accept the Repub- lican nomination for representative in the Fifty-sixth Congress from the Eleventh Congressional District, comprising the Counties of Buena Vista, Cherokee, Clay, Dickinson, Ida, Lyon, Monona, O’Brien, Osce- ola, Plymouth, Sac, Sioux, and Woodbury. He was elected by 22,400 votes—a majority of 6,283 over the Fusionist candidate, and was re- elected to the Fifty-seventh Congress. As a Republican party leader Judge Thomas has long been active and prominent in his section, rendering conspicuous services in polit- ical councils and always maintaining the confidence and respect of the people. In his professional career and on the bench he displayed sound judgment and a broad knowledge of the science of jurispru- dence, while his work in Congress has been of a character which has won for him an eminent reputation. HARK ANTHONY DASHIELL, M.D., a prominent physician - and citizen of Indianola, Iowa, descends from an old French family who came over with Lord Baltimore, set- tling originally in Maryland. His father, Charles Tashiell, a sailor, followed the sea until 1812, when he moved to Mount Vernon, Ohio, whence he removed in 1817 to Indiana and located on a farm on the Ohio River in the southeastern part of that State. Charles Dash- iéII was born in Baltimore, Md., while his wife, Nancy Masten, was a native of Pennsylvania. Dr. Dashiell was born in Aurora, Ind., on the 7th of October, 1826, and early displayed all the sterling characteristics of his race. He received his literary education in his native State, at Aurora and Wilmington, and afterward entered the Indiana Central Medical Col- lege at Indianapolis, from which he was graduated with the degree of M.D. March 1, 1851. Immediately thereafter he began the active practice of his profession in Greenwood, Ind. Two years later, how- ever, in the spring of 1853, he removed to Warren County, Iowa, where he has ever since resided, his home being in Indianola. In the practice of medicine and surgery Dr. Dashiell has achieved a wide reputation as well as the confidence and esteem of the com- munity. He is the oldest practitioner in his section. In political 92 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. and civil life he has also been prominent, having filled a number of offices with the same ability, energy, and sound judgment which have marked his professional career. He was appointed a member of the Bureau of Pensions, Department of the Interior, under Lincoln's ad- ministration, and still holds that office, having had a longer uninter- rupted connection with it than any other man. He served as Presi- dent of the board for several years and is now (1902) its Secretary. Dr. Dashiell was elected to the Iowa House of Representatives in 1868, and in 1872 was chosen State Senator, serving for four years. In 1878 he was again elected to the State Senate and continued to hold that office for ten years, being a member of various important committees and Chairman of those on the Suppression of Intemper- ance and Reform Schools. He also served as a Trustee of the State Board of Reform Schools for ten years. He has been a Mason and an Odd Fellow for more than half a century. In these various capacities Dr. Dashiell has ever had in view the Welfare and advancement Of the State and its people, and the services he has rendered to them have brought him into wide popularity. As a Republican he has been active and influential ever since the organization of the party, contributing materially to its success and taking a leading part in shaping its policies and campaigns. He is a loyal, enterprising, up- right citizen, a firm friend and faithful physician, and universally re- spected for those eminent personal attributes which distinguish the Successful man. He was married on the 18th of December, 1851, to Louisana, daugh- ter of Dr. B. S. Noble and niece of Governor Noah Noble, of Indiana. They have had ten children, of whom two are living : Mary Jane, wife of Suel S. Paidner, of Des Moines, and Martha, wife of F. S. Burbury, of Indianola, Iowa; the others were Noble (who died at the age of thirty), Mark A., Jr. (who died at the age of twenty-six), and four who died in infancy. tº ESSE HITCHCOCK SMITH, M.D., President of the Farmers : # Insurance Company and a prominent Republican of Cedar Rapids, is the son of Isaac and Sarah (Thomas) Smith, both of German descent. He was born On a farm in Elk hart County, Ind., August 27, 1838, and there spent his early life, at- tending the district schools in winter and working during the sum- mer months. In the summer of 1853 Dr. Smith moved with his parents to Linn County, Iowa, where he assisted his father in breaking up a prairie HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 93 farm and performing other work incident to a new country. In winter he attended the district school, then kept in a rude log school house, and by perseverance and constant study acquired a good preparatory education, which enabled him to enter the first class organized in Western College, a newly-established institution not far from his father's home. Here he perfected himself in his studies. After leav- ing college he took up the study of medicine in Cedar Rapids, graduat- ing from Rush College of Medicine with the degree of M.D. in 1860. For sixteen years thereafter he practiced his profession with marked success, retiring at the end of that period to devote his whole atten- tion to large insurance interests. He was elected President of the Farmers Insurance Company of Cedar Rapids on the 1st of January, 1869, and has ever since held that office. Under his able executive management the company has developed an extensive business and Stands among the foremost corporations of its kind in the State. He is also one of the Directors of the Capital Insurance Company of Des Moines, a Director of the Cedar Rapids Electric Light Company, and President of Saint Luke's Hospital, a position he has held for about twelve years. Dr. Smith has always been a stanch and active Republican, cast- ing his first vote for Lincoln in 1860. He was elected to the Iowa State Senate in 1888 and served one term of four years. For four iterms he was Mayor of the City of Cedar Rapids. He has been a dele- gate to many county, State, and National political conventions, and was a delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia in 1900. In these and other important capacities, and especially in business affairs, he has displayed eminent ability, sound judgment, and untiring devotion to the best interests of his State and its people. He is a prominent Mason and President of the Masonic Temple Association of Cedar Rapids. In 1863 Dr. Smith married Lucy Henderson, of Linn County, Iowa, who died in October, 1864, leaving one son, Edward H. He married again in 1866, and by his second wife has a son, Isaac B. Smith. §§ICHARD PRICE, a prominent citizen of Winterset, Iowa, Y now retired from active business, was born in Freeport, Ohio, on the 28th of February, 1848. He is a lineal de- scendant of Mordecai Price, one of four brothers who came over in the ships of Lord Baltimore and settled in Maryland, being among the founders of that colony. His father, Reynolds K. Price, was a well known hatter in his day. His mother was Mary Michener. 94 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Price obtained a good practical education in the public schools of his native town and at the academy in Mendota, Ill. At the age of twenty-one he entered the employ of H. F. Getchell & Sons, lumber dealers, of Earlham and Colfax, Iowa, with whom he remained ten years, laying the foundation of an enviable business career. From 1879 to 1894 he was successfully engaged in the lumber trade at Win- terset with Frederick Strong as his partner, and afterward he fol- lowed the business alone until 1901, when he retired from active life. During these years he not only built up an extensive trade, but also gained a high reputation for honesty, integrity, and enterprise and Won the confidence and esteem Of all With Whom he came in contact. He has been a Director of the Farmers Life Insurance Company of Des Moines, and in other capacities his ability and business acumen have been felt. - | - - Politically Mr. Price has always been a straight, loyal, and en- thusiastic Republican. He has for years been an influential factor in the party, Shaping its policies and campaigns, and contributing to its successes as well as shouldering its defeats. In 1885 he ran for office on the Republican ticket in Madison County, and, though de- feated, made an excellent canvass against Strong opposition, the suc- cessful candidate winning by only seventy-four votes. He was elected State Senator from the Sixteenth District in 1887, and during his term in the upper house of the Legislature made a brilliant record and ex- erted much influence. Among the measures with which he was prom- inently identified was the celebrated “Bohemian Oats' bill, of which he was the author. In 1895 he was again a candidate for the sena- torial nomination. During the seven days’ session of the convention several thousand ballots were cast, the fight being between Mr. Price and Mr. Kilburn, of Adair County, resulting finally in Mr. Kilburn's nomination. Mr. Price has long been a prominent and active member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. As a citizen he is universally honored and respected. He was married September 14, 1871, to Martha Camblin, and has two children: Raymond M. and Paul Leon. º:#|AYMOND MICHENER PRICE, eldest son of Rich- ard and Martha (Camblin) Price, was born in Earlham, Iowa, October 3, 1872, but has spent most of his life in Winterset, in that State. He attended the Winterset high school, Simpson College at Indianola, and Cornell College at Mount HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 95 § Vernon, in Iowa, and in April, 1898, entered upon an active business career as publisher of the Winterset Reporter. He has since conducted that newspaper with marked success, making it one of the best and brightest weeklies in that section. Mr. Price is an ardent Republican, and since he attained his majority has taken an active part in party affairs. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. October 3, 1900, he married, at Dunlap, Iowa, Rosetta C. Cooper, by whom he has one child, Frances C. - Fºl E VI BEARDSLEY BAYMOND, of Hampton, Franklin § County, Iowa, editor of the Franklin County Recorder, has been for many years an active worker and leader of the Re- - publican party and enjoys the unusual distinction of never having scratched or bolted a Republican ticket. No man in the State has been more loyal to the party and its principles. 1 . He comes from an old New England family, being in the eighth generation in a direct line from William Raymond, who emigrated from England to Massachusetts in 1630. His paternal grandfather, Lemuel Raymond, was a soldier in the American Revolution from Connecticut. His father, Hiram Raymond, was a successful mer- chant and farmer, whose career was a most useful one in the com- munity of his residence. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Lane. - - - Colonel Raymond was born in Allegany County, N. Y., on the 3d of July, 1838, and the same year his parents removed to Rock County, Wis. He was educated in the common schools, at the Beloit high school, and at Beloit College, and learned the printer's trade in that city during the years 1852, 1853, and 1854. From 1858 to 1860 he was a reporter on the Chicago Times and Chicago Post. Early in 1861 he enlisted in Com- pany G, Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, known as the “Iron Brigade,” and served with that regiment in the War of the Rebellion until 1863, when he was honorably discharged on account of Wounds. Removing to Iowa in 1864, Mr. Raymond first located in Butler County, but a year later took up his residence in Franklin County at Hampton, where he soon came into prominence as a public spirited and enterprising citizen. In 1866-67 he was assistant editor of the Franklin County Reporter at Hampton. He served as County Superin- tendent of Schools of Franklin County in 1867, 1868, and 1869, and in the latter year became editor and publisher of the Hampton Free Press, 96 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. which he conducted until 1872. Afterward he owned and conducted, in whole or as a partner, the Cherokee Leader, the O’Brien Pioneer, the Niour ("ounty II erald, the Sheldon Mail, the Lyon County Press, and the Newell Mirror (1872-75). In 1876-77 he was again County Superin- tendent of Schools of Franklin County, and during the next three years he was the editor and publisher of the Hampton Leader. Since 1879 he has been the publisher and editor of the Franklin County Re- corder, one of the brightest, strongest, and best country newspapers in the State. Colonel Raymond's activity in public life as well as in the congenial work of journalism covers a long and interesting period, and is no less in- spiring than his achievements in busi- ness affairs. His labors as County Superintendent of Schools early stamped him as a man of broad ideals and practical ability, and as a mem- ber of the Hampton School Board for fifteen years or more he rendered addi- tional service to the cause of educa- tion of which the community has every reason to be proud. He has al- ways been a Republican, a recognized “stalwart of the stalwarts,” and has the honor of never having bolted or scratched a ticket. As a delegate to the thirty-five Republican State Conven- tions of Iowa, as Chairman of the Re- publican Central Committee of Frank- lin County for thirteen years, and as LEVI B. RAY MOND. member of the Republican State Cen- tral Committee in 1878-79 he has given much valuable time to politics and contributed materially to the party's advancement. No man during this period has been more active in Republican councils, and few have ever wielded a more wholesome influence in shaping party affairs. His advice has always had great weight and often guided the party through factional strifes to triumphant results. Colonel Raymond was United States Pension Examiner from 1883 to 1885, a Trustee of the Clarinda Insane Hospital one term, Postmaster of Hampton during President Harrison's administration, and a Trustee HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 97. of the Marshalltown Soldiers’ Home until the office was abolished, and was the prime mover in procuring the passage of an act allowing soldiers' wives and widows to enter that institution. In Grand Army circles he has been very active and prominent. He is a member and Past Commander of J. W. McKenzie Post, G. A. R., of Hampton, and was a member of the National Council Administration, G. A. R., from Iowa for four years and one of the Executive Committee of that body for three years, and introduced the first resolution into the Iowa De- partment Encampment to have the flags of the Iowa regiments re- moved to the State House at Des Moines. He was one of the principal movers in the reorganization of the National Guard of Iowa, and served therein in all the grades up to and including that of Lieutenant- Colonel, resigning as such upon the last reorganization of the Na- tional Guard in 1893. He is President of the Northeast Iowa Press Association, a member and formerly. President (the second) of the Iowa State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, and a member of Anchor Lodge, A. F. and A. M., and of Anchor Chapter, R. A. M.; of Hampton. He was also the leader in securing the estab- lishment of a free public library in Hampton, and instrumental in se- curing an appropriation from Andrew Carnegie of $10,000 for the erection of a library building. In these various capacities Colonel Raymond has displayed the highest abilities of a broad minded, pro- gressive, and public spirited citizen. He is a fluent writer, a man of liberal learning, and justly honored and respected by the entire com- munity and by numerous friends throughout the State. He was married, February 17, 1864, to Mary O. Leverich, of Rock County, Wis., and has had nine children, of whom five are living: Louis H. Raymond, Grace Raymond, Levi B. Raymond, Jr., Mae. (Mary) Raymond, and Lucius L. Raymond. - ; ACOB PIERCE LYMAN, a well known lawyer and Repub- : ºº lican leader of Grinnell, Iowa, is the son of Ralston W. and Harriet N. (Tracy) Lyman, and was born in Arcade, Wy- oming County, N. Y., February 14, 1844. He is of English, descent. In 1860 he moved to Grinnell, where he has since resided. He had attended the public schools of his native town, and after mov- ing to Iowa he entered Grinnell College and completed his literary edu- cation. Subsequently he took a course at the law department of the Iowa State University, graduating therefrom with the degree of LL.B. and being admitted to the bar in 1871. - 98 ELISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Immediately after graduation he entered upon the active practice of his profession in Grinnell. He soon acquired a large business in the courts, and through his energy, integrity, and learning came into prominence as an able, industrious lawyer—a reputation he has SuS- tained ever since. He is now a member of the firm of Haines & Ly- man. As a business man he is also active and successful, being a Di- rector of the Grinnell Savings Bank, President of the Interior Tele- phone Company, and President of the First National Bank of Grinnell, which has a capital of $100,000 and a surplus of $20,000. He is a veteran of the Civil War, enlisting in 1864 in Company B, Forty-sixth Iowa Volunteers, under Colonel D. B. Henderson, and serving about five months. He was mustered out of service with his regiment at Davenport in 1865. In politics Mr. Lyman is an enthusiastic Republican. For many years he has been one of the party's ablest leaders in his district, taking an active part in campaign WOrk, and displaying executive abilities of a high order. He has served as Mayor of Grinnell, as County and City Attorney, and in other important capacities, and in 1899 and again in 1901 was elected to the State Legislature by hand- some majorities. In that body he rendered excellent service, both on the floor and on committees, including those on the Judiciary, Banks and Banking, and Enrolled Bills, of which latter committee he was Chairman. He was married in 1873 to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry G. Little, of Grinnell, Iowa, and has one son, EIenry G. Lyman. *OHN W. PATTERSON, Collector of Internal Revenue, of # Dubuque, Iowa, was born in Perry Township, Ashland County, Ohio, on the 3d of June, 1847. His father, Will- iam Patterson, who lives in Waterloo, Ind., was for several years a successful merchant after leaving the farm. His mother, Elizabeth Shaeffer, was the daughter of a soldier in the War of the American Revolution. Mr. Patterson attended the public schools in winter and assisted his father during the summer months until he was seventeen years of age. In September, 1862, at the age of fifteen, he answered the call of Governor Todd, of Ohio, for the minutemen of that State to go to the defense of Cincinnati, which city was then threatened by the Confederates. Every man furnished his own arms and ammuni- tion. The troops thus assembled, after serving in the intrenchments fīISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 99 and fortifications for ten days, were honorably discharged, and are known in the War history of Ohio as “The Squirrel Hunters.” When he had reached the age of seventeen, in 1864, Mr. Patterson enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, commanded by Colonel E. C. Mason, and was assigned with his regiment to the Army of the Cumberland, then at Nashville, Tenn. He was in the great battle there on the 15th and 16th of December, 1864, in which General Thomas won a decisive victory over the Con- federate Army under General Hood. Mr. Patterson acted as Quarter- master of his regiment during the latter part of his term of service. Returning from the War with an honorable discharge, he secured a position as clerk in a grocery store. Afterward he was in other em- ployments of a mercantile nature until 1881, when he moved to Iowa and engaged in the retail dry goods business in Marion, Linn County. For many years he was a commercial traveller. He cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1864, and has been an active, ardent Republican ever since. He has been a member of the iocal campaign glee club in nearly every campaign since the close of the war. Mr. Patterson has often been a delegate to county, Congres- sional, and State conventions of the party, and served as Chairman of the Linn County Republican Central Committee for four years. He was Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms at the St. Louis Republican National Convention which nominated William McKinley for President in 1896, and is a member of the Masonic order, the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, the Knights of Pythias, and of Post 204, Grand Army of the Republic, of Marion. On the 5th of January, 1898, he was appointed Internal Revenue Collector for the Third District of Iowa. He entered upon his duties February 7 of the same year and is still discharging them with characteristic ability. January 12, 1870, Mr. Patterson married Miss Ella Howell, of Danby, N. Y., and they have had five children, of whom three are liv- ing: Ida H., Clarence H., and Walter J. E.R.VAN BARNETT DOWELL, of Indianola, Postmaster of §ºl that town since March, 1900, is the son of James W. and Martha (Reece) Dowell, natives respectively of Kentucky and Illinois. He numbers among his ancestors families of English, German, Irish, and Welsh extraction who have been resident in this country for several generations. Mr. Dowell was born on his father’s farm in Warren County, Iowa, January 16, 1856, and received 100 EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. his education in the public schools, at Simpson College, and in Iowa City. He remained on the farm until he was twenty-nine years of age, When he engaged in the mercantile business at Somerset, Iowa, con- tinuing in that line until 1886. In that year he was elected Auditor of Warren County, which office he filled most acceptably for two terms. On March 7, 1900, he was appointed to his present position as Post- master of Indianola by President McKinley, and about a year later he purchased the Indianola Record, of Which he is Still the editor and proprietor. The Record, under his able management, has become one of the best newspapers of the State. Mr. Dowell has been for several years a prominent figure in Repub- lican circles in his section. He has rendered valuable service to his party, having served it in various capacities, and is recognized as a trusted leader and safe counsellor. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the M. W. O. A. On June 13, 1887, he married Anna, daughter of Isaac Wright, of Sºmerset, Iowa. They have one son, Kenneth Roy Dowell. àILLIAM BENTON WILLIAMS has been for more than thirty- five years a prominent and influential citizen of Marshall- town, Iowa. He is a native of Pennsylvania, as were both his parents, Benjamin and Sarah (Rhodes) Williams, and in the maternal as well as in the paternal line descends from sturdy Welsh ancestors who came to this country several generations ago. From them he inherited excellent traits of character, which he has de- veloped and employed for the best interests of himself and his fellow- II].62Il. He was born in Westmoreland County, Pa., April 27, 1846, and when five years old (1851) moved with the family to Iowa, settling at Davenport. There he obtained the first of the country school training which it was his lot to receive. In 1856 he accompanied the family to Whiteside County, Ill., whence they returned to Iowa, where he enlisted for service in the Civil War as a private in Company B, Ninth Iowa Cavalry. He was mustered out at Davenport in March, 1866, and in April of that year removed to Marshall County, where he has ever since resided. He has been a progressive, prosperous farmer all his life, respected as a man of untiring energy, and honored as a pioneer in the agricultural development and advancement of the State. In both business and public capacities Mr. Williams has always HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. I01 exhibited a broad public spirit and the highest attributes of true Amer- ican citizenship. He has been identified with most of the important movements in Marshall County for a quarter of a century and more, contributing liberally to every one having the general welfare of the community in view. For three terms, or nine years, he has served as Supervisor, and is now (1902) President of the board. He is a stanch Republican, an acknowledged local leader in party affairs, and esteemed by all who know him. Mr. Williams is a Director of the Dity National Bank of Marshalltown, a Mason, and a member of Frank M. Thomas Post, No. 94, G. A. R. He was married, March 2, 1872, and has had three children: Nettie, who died at the age of three years; Burleigh, who died aged thirteen; and Lettie, who married John D. Palmer, of Marshalltown. ºuGENE CASSITT HAYNES, of Centerville, Iowa, was born $ in McLean County, Ill., on the 11th of May, 1844, his par- ents being Rev. Cyrus Haynes, a Presbyterian clergyman, and Mahala Smith, a native of Kentucky. His ancestors, who were Scotch-Irish, originally settled in North Carolina, whence they moved north about 1800. Rev. Cyrus Haynes was born in Ten- nessee in 1805, settled in Illinois in 1830, and removed to Centerville, Iowa, in 1850, when the subject of this sketch was six years old. Mr. Haynes was educated in Iowa City. At the outbreak of the Rebellion, before he was seventeen years of age, he enlisted in Com- pany D. Sixth Iowa Infantry. He was attached with his regiment to the Fifteenth Army Corps and served throughout the war, losing his right arm in front of Atlanta, and being mustered out of service as a Ilieutenant at Davenport, Iowa, August 21, 1865. His army record is a brilliant one. He participated in all the battles and skirmishes in which his regiment was engaged, always with great bravery and hero- ism, and won the respect and esteem of both superiors and associates. Returning from the war, Mr. Haynes took up the study of law with Judge H. Tannehill, and since his admission to the Iowa bar in 1868 has been successfully engaged in general practice in Centerville. He soon built up a large law business, which he has maintained to the present time. Outside of his profession, especially in politics, he is also prominent and active. He has always been an ardent Repub- lican, has attended the connty and State conventions of the party for many years, and has filled several offices with the same ability and energy that have won for him so high a standing as a lawyer. For . 102 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. two terms he served as Recorder of Appanoose County. In 1880 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago which nominated James A. Garfield for the presidency, and in 1884 he served as Chief Clerk of the lower house of the State Legislature. Mr. Haynes has also served four terms as Postmaster of Centerville, hav- ing been appointed by President Arthur in 1882 and reappointed by Presidents PIarrison and McKinley. He was on the personal staffs of Governors Carpenter and Larrabee, and is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, and the Knights of Pythias. . Mr. Haynes was married in 1870 to Elma M., daughter of Henry M. Fellºner, of Iowa City, and has had nine children: Henry C. (who served as Captain of Company E, Fiftieth Iowa Volunteers, in the Spanish-American War, and is now Lieutenant-Colonel of the regi- ment), Bessie L., Glen C. (who also served in the Spanish-American War and is now Captain of Company E, Fiftieth Iowa Regiment), Lee R. (a machinist), Helen O., Eugene C., Fritz, Wilma, and Marian. ; : LBERT MARION SARGENT, a veteran of the Civil War §l and a prominent retired citizen of Grundy Center, Iowa, was born in Felicity, Clermont County, Ohio, March 8, 1840, his paternal ancestors being English and his mother's of Scotch and German extraction. His father, William R. Sargent, was a successful miller and merchant. His mother's maiden name was Mary C. Wells. Mr. Sargent received a common school education, supplemented by more Or less clerical and other work in his father’s business. SOOn after the Outbreak of the War Of the Rebellion he enlisted in Com- pany I, Twenty-second Ohio Volunteers, and served four months. In July, 1862, he reenlisted and was elected Captain of Company K, Fifty-ninth Ohio Regiment, serving in the Army of the Cumberland under Buell, Rosecrans, and Thomas, and participating in nearly all the battles in which his regimental organization took part. He was honorably discharged and mustered out of the service at Nashville, Tenn., June 28, 1865, with a brilliant record for bravery and soldierly duty. t After the close of the War Mr. Sargent was engaged in the mercan- tile business in his native town for seven years, and at the end of that period he interested himself in banking, with which he has since been more or less actively indentified, conducting that business with marked HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 103 success for five years in Felicity, Ohio. In 1879 he removed to Iowa and settled permanently in Grundy Center, where he carried on a large general mercantile business until 1896, when he retired. He has been a stockholder in the Grundy County National Bank since its organization and is now one of its Board of Directors. He is also a stockholder and Director in the Grundy County Savings Bank and is identified with the Electric Light and Steam Heating Company of Grundy Center and the Grundy County Mutual Telephone Company. Politically Mr. Sargent has been for many years one of the foremost Republicans in his section. He has served as a delegate to several ELBERT M. SARGENT. State conventions, as a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention at Philadelphia in 1900, and as a member of the School Board of Grundy Center for fifteen years. He was elected to the State Sen- ate as a member of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, in which he served on the Committee on Ways and Means and in the extra session. In every capacity he has displayed great executive ability and untiring devotion to duty. Mr. Sargent was married in November, 1871, to Mary E. Hartley, of Felicity, Ohio, and has had four children, one of whom died in infancy. The others are Fred M., Assistant Superintendent of Schools of Chi- 104. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. eago; Amos H., a lawyer of Cedar Rapids, Iowa; and Grace, who is living at home. & AVID J. PALMER, of Washington, Iowa, member of the º Iowa State Board of Railroad Commissioners, was born in Washington County, Pa., on the 15th of November, 1839. His father, Samuel R. Palmer, who was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in 1811, came to America at the age of eighteen, with his parents, settling in Pennsylvania. He learned the trade of wagon maker, but spent his later life as a farmer, and, though pos- sessed of limited means, generously provided for his family and main- tained the confidence of all who knew him. His wife, Margaret Munce, was born in Washington County, Pa., in 1812, her father, who died at the age of ninety-nine, being a native of Ireland, In 1842 Colonel Palmer, then scarcely three years of age, was taken by his parents to Carroll County, Ohio, whence the family removed in 1856 to Washington County, Iowa. There they settled on a prairie farm of eighty acres and experienced the vicissitudes incident to pio- neer life. Young Palmer attended, both in Ohio and Iowa, the country and district schools, then conducted in rude log school houses, and sub- sequently spent a year and a half at the United Presbyterian College in Washington, Iowa, where he now resides. He also taught a few terms of school, but has spent most of his life as a farmer, an occupa- tion in which he has been very successful. On August 10, 1861, Mr. Palmer enlisted as a private in Company C, Eighth Iowa Infantry, and was promoted to third corporal and mus- tered into the United States service on the 31st of the same month. He was severely wounded in the left shoulder at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and on September 9 was honorably discharged by order of the Secretary of War to accept the captaincy of Company A, Twenty-fifth Iowa Infantry, which was mustered in September 27, 1862. At Arkansas Post he was wounded in the left foot, January 11, 1863, and on June 9 of the same year he was promoted Lieutenant- Colonel of the regiment. In the battle of Taylor’s Ridge near Ring- gold, Ga., November 27, 1863, he was wounded in the left leg, though he remained in the service till the close of the war, being mustered out in Washington, D. C., June 6, 1865. He participated in all the engagements of his regiment—Shiloh, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, second attack on Jackson, Canton, the cam- paign from Memphis to Chattanooga, Cane Creek, Tuscumbia, Chero- kee Station, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Taylor's Ridge, the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 105 Atlanta campaign, Dalton, Snake Creek Gap, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Resaca, Dallas, Altoona Hills, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Marietta, East Point, Jonesboro, Sherman’s march to the sea, Macon, Ga., Savannah, etc. His service in the army was a most honor- able one, marked as it was by great bravery, untiring attention to duty, and almost constant marching and fighting. Since the war he has been prominent in the Grand Army of the Republic, and has served as commander of I. G. White Post, No. 108, of Washington. In politics Colonel Palmer has always been a Republican. He has done his share of party work in every campaign, and is an eloquent and vigorous speaker. He has served as Road Supervisor and Auditor of Washington County, as Presidential Elector from the First Dis- trict of Iowa in 1884, and for two terms as a member of the State Senate from the Tenth District, composed of Henry and Washington Counties, being first elected in 1891. He resigned the office of Senator April 1, 1898, to accept the appointment tendered him by Governor Teslie M. Shaw to be a member of the State Board of Railroad Com- missioners to fill a vacancy caused by the death of C. L. Davidson. He received the unanimous nomination from the Republican State Con- vention that year and was elected by a handsome majority in Novem- her. Colonel Palmer is a member of the Grant Club Of T)es Moines and of the United Presbyterian Church. He was married, October 25, 1866, to Miss Tetitia H. Young. They have no children. fºLFRED WILSON LEE, editor and proprietor of the Ottumwa § Courier, Postmaster of that city, one of the leading jour- nalists of Iowa, and almost a lifelong resident of the State, - - was born in Johnson County on the 8th of July, 1858. He is the son of John B. and Elvira (Branson) Lee, who were married in 1845, and who had five children—Anna, Joseph J., Isaac B., Alfred W., and Millie A. John B. Lee was an early resident of Cedar and Johnson Counties, where he entered government land. He came from Hartford County, Md., and was a descendant of the distinguished Tee family of that State and Virginia. He was a merchant in the East, but followed farming upon coming to Iowa. His physical impair- ments barred him from entering the army during the Civil War, but he went into the government transport service and contributed what he could to the Union cause. After the war he was elected Recorder of Johnson County as a Republican. He was engaged in mercantile pursuits until he moved to Muscatine, where he now resides with his 106 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. wife, each being eighty-one years of age. She was of good Quaker stock and a school teacher before their marriage. Alfred W. Lee attended the public schools and at the age of thirteen entered the State University of Iowa, being the youngest regular student ever admitted to that institution. He took a two years’ preparatory course and remained until the end of his Sophomore year, when he began newspaper work, at six dollars per Week, associating himself with his brother-in-law on the Muscatine Journal. In 1885 he became a partner in the Journal and continued with that publica- tion until 1889, when he moved to Hutchinson, Kan., as business man- ager of the Hutchinson News. He remained there but a short time, and then went to Chicago and was engaged in the advertising depart- ment of the Chicago Times until April, 1890. He then moved to Ottumwa, Iowa, and purchased the Ottumwa Courier, which was es- tablished by Richard H. Warden in 1848, Mr. Lee has built up a splendid circulation of both daily and semi-weekly editions. He is a member of the Associated Press and President of the Lee Syndicate of Iowa Evening Papers, an organization of three of the best dailies in the State, including the Davenport Times, the Ottumwa Courier, and the Muscatine Journal. The Courier is recognized as one of the most successful country papers in the United States. Mr. Lee has always been connected in a general way with all im- provements in the city of his home, and contributes both personally and through the influence of his paper to the furtherance of all worthy projects. He was a powerful factor in making the Sixth Congres- sional District of Iowa safely Republican, and is one of the party’s able and trusted leaders. In February, 1898, President McKinley ap- pointed him Postmaster of Ottumwa, and in February, 1902, he was reappointed by President Roosevelt. June 4, 1885, Mr. Lee married Mary Ingalls Walker, daughter of W. W. Walker, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. They have had three chil- dren: William Walker, who died in Chicago in 1890; Alfred William, who died in 1900; and Laura Anna. * * * * \ *º ARDNER COWLES, member of the Iowa State Legislature §º and a successful business man of Algona, is the son of § º Rev. William Fletcher Cowles, a well known clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Maria Elizabeth La Monte, a descendant of an old family of French Huguenots. On his father's side Mr. Cowles is of English extraction. - - Fº HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 107 EHe was born in Oskaloosa, Iowa, on the 28th of February, 1861, and received a thorough education at Iowa College in Grinnell and at the Iowa Wesleyan University in Mount Pleasant. Since 1882 he has been successfully engaged in business in Algona. He is President of the Farmers Savings Bank of Fenton, a Director of the First Na- tional Bank of Algona, and actively identified with other important interests. s - - In politics Mr. Cowles is an ardent, active, and loyal Republican. He was elected to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General As- semblies (1899-1903), and in that capacity has displayed the same high abilities and sound judgment which have characterized all his busi- ness connections. In the Twenty-eighth General Assembly he was Chairman of the Committee on Elections and a member of the Com- mittees on Ways and Means, Appropriations, Normal Schools, Judi- cial Districts, Printing, Agriculture, and Congressional Districts, while in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly he held the same posi- tions except those on the Judicial Districts, Printing, and Congres- sional Districts Committees, being a member of those on Senatorial T)istricts, Schools and Text-Books, and County and Township Organi- zation. He has faithfully and conscientiously served the best inter- ests of his constituents and made an enviable record as a conservative legislator. - - Mr. Cowles was married December 3, 1884, to Florence M. Call and has five children: Helen, Russell, Bertha, Florence, and John. Wººlſ.IIAM CORSE McARTHUR, Clerk of the United States # District Court of Iowa, was born July 22, 1860, in Burling- ton, in that State, where he still resides. He is of Scotch descent on his father's side, his ancestors being settled near Edinburgh, Scotland, whence his grandfather, John McArthur, was banished on account of his non-conformist views, but was finally pardoned through influence at court. Disgusted with the form of government which could deprive him of his natural rights, John Mc- Arthur came to America and settled in New York, where his son, Martin Clark McArthur, father of William C., was born. Martin C. McArthur was one of the pioneers of Iowa, for many years a leading citizen of Burlington, and active in opening and developing express lines in the northwest territory. He married Virginia Corse, a native of Tllinois and a member of a family of French Huguenots who settled in Maryland in the seventeenth century, moving thence to Virginia, < \º * As & iſ * 2. tº º ...), º ſº * - - e ...'..." .*.* ;: º's 108 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. and intermarrying with the well known Marshall family, of which Chief Justice Marshall was a distinguished representative. The Sorses were prominent in the Revolutionary and Civil Wars, Mrs. Mc- Arthur's brother, General John M. Corse, of Alltoona fame, being One Of TOWa’s noted Officers in the Rebellion. Her father was GOn- spicuous in Democratic circles for many years. William C. McArthur received his early education from his mother until after he was eight years old, when he entered a German school and mastered that language. Subesequently he attended the Insti- tute College of Burlington. He entered Chicago University in 1878, remained there one year, and then entered Cornell University at Ithaca, N. Y., graduating therefrom in 1881, being orator of his class. He spent the winter of 1881-82 at the Columbia Taw School in New York City, and was admitted to the bar of Iowa in July, 1882. Mr. McArthur began the practice of law in Burlington in July, 1882, and so continued until appointed Clerk of the United States Dis- trict Court of Iowa on January 1, 1901, which office he now holds. He has always been an active Republican, and was connected for a time with the Internal Revenue Service as Deputy Collector. He served as Colonel on the staffs of Governors Jackson and Drake, and has been for several years a member of the Board of Trustees of the Burlington Free Public Library. He was elected to the Twenty- sixth General Assembly in 1895, running 581 votes ahead of his ticket, and during that session he took a leading part in securing the passage of a bill permitting the manufacture of liquor in Iowa, as its sale had already been authorized, and the business interests of his district de- manded that an article which could be sold might also be manufac- tured. He also introduced and secured the passage of a drainage bill, whereby thousands of acres of land bordering on the Mississippi tiver were redeemed; a bill preventing city councils from granting or extending franchises to quasi-public corporations, such as water and electric light works, without first submitting the same to a direct vote of the people; and a bill requiring street railway companies to vesti- bule their cars for the protection of employees during the winter months, and making the liability of such corporations in personal in- jury cases the same as railroad companies. He had also an influential part in all the important legislation which came to the Assembly dur- ing the special session when the new code was formulated. - - In 1897 Mr. McArthur was elected to the State Senate from Des Moines County as the personal representative of United States Senator John H. Gear, and his work in that body has been as important and conspicuous as were his services in the lower house, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 109 ;IOHN BOYD HUNGERFORD, editor of the Carroll Herald : à and a prominent Republican in his section of Iowa, is the son of Maurice and Mary (Cavanaugh) Hungerford, both - natives of Ireland, who were married in 1836 and came to America in 1846. The father was of English descent, while the mother was a representative of one of the oldest families in County Kerry. They were farmers and shared the common lot in their impoverished country. Mr. Hungerford was born near Smethport, McKean County, Pa., May 27, 1854, and moved West with the family in 1856, settling on a farm near Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa. His father died four years later, and from boyhood he has earned his own way. At the age of thirteen he was working on the farm for forty cents a day. He attended the common schools, and through his own efforts secured a collegiate education, graduating from the Iowa State College at Ames in 1877, and teaching school in the meantime to pay his expenses. After graduation he taught for two years at Morning Sun, Louisa County, and three years at Montezuma, Poweshiek County. While at Morning Sun he began his newspaper work, starting a paper in 1879 which he soon sold. Afterward he was connected with the Burlington Hawkeye for two years and editor of the Columbus Safeguard at Co- lumbus Junction for a similar period, his brother-in-law, Paul Maclean, being associated with him in the latter enterprise. In June, 1886, Mr. Hungerford and Mr. Maclean secured full control of the Carroll JI erald, which they conducted for four years, when Mr. Maclean with- drew. Since then Mr. Hungerford has been its sole editor and pro- prietor. The Herald, under his able and energetic management, has gained a prominence acquired by few country newspapers. It is stanchly Republican, is frequently quoted, and wields a remarkable influence in the COmmunity. Mr. Hungerford has always been a Republican, having cast his first vote for Rutherford B. Hayes for President. He has held several positions of trust and honor, all of which he has filled with ability and satisfaction. From 1889 to 1893 he was Postmaster of Carroll, and he was again appointed to the same office in 1897. In 1894 he was elected by the Legislature a Trustee of the State Agricultural College at Ames, and was reelected in 1900 and is now Chairman of the board. He is a Past Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, a prominent and enterprising citizen, and a man of sound principles and great energy. April 21, 1887, he married Miss Mollie Maclean, daughter of Matthew and Nancy (Logan) Maclean, of Columbus City, Louisa Coun- 10 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ty, Iowa. They have two children: Josephine, born October 5, 1889, and John, born December 12, 1897. sº AVID BRANT, editor of the Iowa City Republican, was born in Shelby County, Ind., on the 6th of July, 1850. He is the son of Winans Brant and Winnefred Bennett, and on his father's Side is Of German (lescent. Mr. Brant Was educated at the State University of Iowa, and after leaving that insti- tution entered upon an active and Successful career as a journalist. Since 1877 he has been engaged in editorial work, being now the editor of the Iowa City Republican and Vice-President of the Repub- lican Printing Company. - He is a stanch Republican in politics, and both professionally and as a worker has contributed to the party’s success in his district. In 1895 he was elected to the State Legislature from Linn County, serving in the special as well as in the regular session. During his term he took an active part in all important legislation and won the approval of his entire constituency. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the B. P. O. Elks. As a journalist he has won a wide reputation, his writings having for years commanded attention throughout the State. Mr. Brant was married at Waterloo, Iowa, October 30, 1878, to Ruth Hurd, and has four children: Lucy W., Irving N., Archer. W., and Dorothy. fºlòHN T. BROOKS, lawyer and banker and founder of the º # Town of Hedrick, has been a lifelong resident of Iowa. He was born on a farm in Keokuk County, October 17, 1850, the son of John G. Brooks and Mary Kyger. He received his early education in the public schools of the neighborhood. Sub- sequently he attended the Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, from which he was graduated in 1875. He studied law with the late John S. Woolson, of the same place, and was admitted to the bar in 1876. The same year he began active practice in partnership with Hon. John A. Donnell, with whom he continued until 1880, when he laid out and founded the Town of Hedrick, in company with W. H. Young. There he has since resided, being engaged in the banking HISTORY OF THE FREPUBLICAN PARTY. 111 business in association with W. H. Young. He is a prominent Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Grant Club of Des Moines. In the founding and development of the Town of Hedrick Mr. Brooks has been from the first the leading spirit and foremost citizen. He served as its Mayor for twelve terms and as Treasurer of the School Board for seventeen consecutive years, besides holding nearly all the other town offices, and in these different capacities exerted a com- manding influence in shaping the municipal government and placing it upon a firm basis. Mr. Brooks is an active Republican, and in party affairs has long held a recognized leadership. He was elected to the upper House of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly of Iowa by a handsome majority, and upon taking his seat in the Senate was placed on the Committees on Appropriations, Agriculture, Banks, Telegraph and Telephone, Penitentiary, Prisons, and Public Buildings, being Chairman of the latter body. - Mr. Brooks was married, May 22, 1878, to Lucy E., daughter of James H. and Emeline White, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. They have four children: Mary, Florence, Alice, and John. tººl RANK P. WOODS, Cashier of the Iowa Savings Bank at § il Estherville and prominent in the Republican party in that Section, Was born in Sharon, Wis., on the 11th of Decem- *- ber, 1868. He is the son of John Woods and Sophia Brom- field, both of English descent. - Mr. Woods received his education in the Valparaiso Normal School and afterward moved to Iowa, settling in Estherville. Here he has been prominent in the loan and banking business for several years, and at the present time is Cashier of the Iowa Savings Bank, one of the Well known financial institutions of the State, and President of the Scandia State Bank of Fergus Falls, Minn. He is also interested in the Loan and Trust Company of Estherville and in banks in Walling- ford, Iowa, and Dunnell, Minn. - Mr. Woods has achieved distinction as an able financier and capable manager of large interests, and through his integrity, enterprise, and excellent judgment enjoys the confidence and respect of the entire community. He is an ardent Republican, active in all the affairs of good citizenship, and Chairman of the Republican Central Committee for Emmet County. He is a member of the Estherville Lodge, A. F. 112 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. and A. M., of the Commandery (Knights Templars) of the same order, and of the B. P. O. Ellis. tº OSEPH LINCOLN ROOT, a well known business man and - d Republican of Keokuk, Iowa, is the son of Richard Root and Annie P. Brockman, respectively of German and Eng. lish descent. He was born in Lincoln, Kan., on the 6th of April, 1861, and received his education in the high schools of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and Galesburg, Ill. Afterward he was connected with the Burlington Railroad for a time. He is now engaged in the commission business in Keokuk, and is also Secretary and Treasurer of the Iowa and Nebraska Whole- Sale Grocers Association. Mr. Root has been a Republican ever since he cast his first vote, and for a number of years has taken an active part in political affairs, serv- ing as a delegate to county and State conventions, and otherwise in- teresting himself in party affairs. He was Mayor of the City of Keo- kuk in 1897-98, and in that capacity instituted many important munici- pal improvements. Mr. Root is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the B. P. O. Elks, and the Keokuk Club, and in every capacity JOSEPH L. R.O.O.T. has displayed marked ability and remarkably sound judgment. He was married on the 20th of February, 1884, to Julia M., daugh- ter of Enos H. Harrison. They have one son, Harrison Root. *HARLES GEORGE SAUNDERS, LL.D., of Council Bluffs, d Iowa, son of George W. and Mary E. (Walker) Saunders, was born April 10, 1861. His parents were natives of Eng- land, and came to the United States in early life, settling in Oneida County, N. Y. They were married April 21, 1860. After. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 113 ward George W. Saunders followed the occupation of a farmer until the spring of 1868, when he moved to Iowa City, Iowa, and entered the employ of the Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company as foreman of a large force of construction men. A little later, however, he moved onto a farm near Stuart, Iowa. In the fall of 1875 he removed to Vail, Crawford County, and remained there until his death, which occurred May 19, 1896. Charles G. Saunders attended the village school of Westmoreland, N. Y., one year before his parents moved West. Afterward he at- tended the public schools of Iowa for some time. In 1880-81 he taught school. He entered Drake University at Des Moines in 1882 and was graduated therefrom in June, 1886. During his senior year he was editor of The Delphic, the organ of the university, and was one of the active members of the Philomathean Society. After leaving college Mr. Saunders, in the summer of 1886, com- menced reading law with Judge C. C. Nourse, of Des Moines, and in the fall of that year he became principal of one of the schools in South Des Moines, keeping up his law studies by reading nights and Satur- days. He taught school nine months, and in September, 1887, entered the law department of the State University, from which he was grad- uated with the degree of LL.B. in June, 1888. He began the practice of his profession at Council Bluffs in October of that year, and in De- cember entered the law office of Stone & Sims, a firm composed of John G. Stone and Jacob Sims. In August, 1890, Mr. Saunders formed a partnership with Jacob Sims, which was dissolved in 1892. In August, 1898, he became the senior member of the firm of Saunders & Stuart. In 1894 he was elected County Attorney of Pottawattamie County, and was reelected in 1896, running several hundred votes ahead of his ticket both times. In 1898 he was tendered the nomination for a third term, but declined. He is local attorney for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and the Chicago and Great Western Railroads, and repre- Sents several other important interests. Mr. Saunders has been all his life a very enthusiastic Republican and an active campaigner. He has the reputation of being One of the ablest public speakers in Western Iowa, and has been very prominent in convention work, having presided over several county and congres- sional conventions in his district. In February, 1896, he was ap- pointed by Governor Drake as a member of his personal staff with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He also received the appointment as Judge Advocate-General from Governors Shaw and Cummins. He 114 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. has twice been elected a Trustee of Drake University by the Alumni of that institution. He is a prominent member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and a member of the Knights of Pythias, being Chan- cellor Commander of the local lodge. He is a Mason, an active mem- ber of the Modern Woodmen of America, and has been a delegate to the head camps of the latter order for several years, serving also as State Consul and as a member of the Board of Directors. In June, 1899, Drake University, his alma mater, conferred upon him the degree Of LL.D. Mr. Saunders married Flora Newkirk, of Delta, Iowa, July 2, 1890, and has two daughters, Vera and Marian, and a son, Charles Douglass. ºf ARRY OTIS WEAVER, of Wapello, has been for several years One Of the best known Republican leaders in Iowa. He comes from an old New England family, his father, Erastus Weaver, having been born in Providence, R. I., in 1815. Erastus Weaver grew to manhood in Vermont, whence he moved in 1836 to the Territory of Wisconsin. He removed in 1848 to Burlington, Iowa, and later settled in Marshall Township, Louisa County, where he has resided ever since. His wife, Mary E. (Mar- shall) Weaver, was the daughter of John and Nancy Marshall, of Miami County, Ohio, who moved to Louisa County, Iowa, in 1837, set- tling in Marshall Township, where they both died at an advanced age. Mr. Weaver was born in Marshall Township, Louisa County, Iowa, on the 20th of April, 1866. He attended the village school and after- ward became a teacher, by which means he raised funds with which he prepared himself for college. He entered the collegiate depart- ment of the State University at Iowa City in 1887, and was graduated with the class of 1891. He finished the law course in the same insti- tution in 1892. In June of that year he began the practice of law at the county seat, Wapello, Louisa County, where he has since followed his profession with uninterrupted success. - Politically Mr. Weaver is one of the most active Republicans in the State. In the fall of 1892 he was chosen Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee of Louisa County. The same year he was chosen a member of the Republican State Central Committee from the First District, and has ever since held the position. In the summer of 1899 he was elected Chairman of the Republican State Central Com- mittee by unanimous choice and led the campaign for Governor Shaw, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 115 who received a majority of over sixty-five thousand over his opponent. He was reelected Chairman of the Itepublican State Central Com- mittee in 1900, and by his management gave the electors for William McKinley the largest vote ever polled in the State for the Republican ticket, Mr. McKinley's majority reaching one hundred thousand. In fhe fall of 1893 he was nominated by the IRepublicans of Louisa Coun- ty and was elected a member of the Iowa House of Representatives of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, being the youngest member of that body. He was again elected in 1895, served in the extra session in the winter of 1896, and took an active part in the revision of the code of Iowa. He was active in all legislation pertaining to the welfare and upbuilding of the State. He stands very high with the Iowa dele- gation in Congress, and, like many other young men in the South- eastern part of the State, was a student in the school of politics Of Senator Gear. Mr. Weaver enjoys a large practice and has always been interested more or less in real estate. He is Director and the legal adviser of the Wapello State Savings Bank of his own town as well as other banks in his vicinity. He was married in October, 1896, to Alma A. Neuse, of Centerville, Iowa, and has one child, Mary Frances Weaver. FIEORGE R. ESTABROOK, a prominent resident and active Republican leader of Marshalltown, Iowa, was born in Dubuque on the 24th of July, 1859. He descends on the paternal side from English ancestors who have resided in this country for three generations, and his father, Aaron Estabrook, a retired farmer, has always been a Republican, joining the party at its organization in 1856. His mother, Margaret Fierstine, came from a Pennsylvania Dutch family. Mr. Estabrook received a country school education and spent his early life on the farm. He is now the Secretary and Manager of the Fisher Governor Company of Marshalltown. He has always voted the Republican ticket, and for years has been an active and influential worker in the party’s primaries and campaigns, gaining a wide repu- tation as a trustworthy and successful leader. He was Chairman of the Republican Central Committee of Marshall County for the years 1898, 1899, 1900, and in this as well as in other important political capacities rendered valuable service to the cause of Republicanism. He has never sought nor held any elective political office, preferring 116 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. to devote his energies in the line of campaign work and to his large business interests. As a citizen Mr. Estabrook is highly respected. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Improved Order of Red Men, and the Grant Club of Des Moines. : ºl DGAR ALFRED MORLING, a prominent lawyer and citizen § of Emmetsburg, Iowa, is the son of Alfred and Eliza Morl- ing, who came to this country from England about 1856. * They settled in Booneville, N. Y., where he was born on the 21st of April, 1864. His father was a successful contractor and builder. Mr. Morling was educated in the public and high schools of his na- tive village and at the Albany (N. Y.) Law School, graduating from the latter institution with the degree of LL.B. in 1886 and being ad- mitted to the bar of New York in the same year. In 1889 he moved to Iowa and settled at Emmetsburg. He is now the senior member of the law firms of Morling & Davidson, of Emmetsburg, and Morling & Allen, of Estherville. In 1898 he was elected County Attorney. He is a stanch Republican, active in party affairs, and possessed of much native ability and sound judgment. In the practice of law he has gained a high reputation. He is a Director and attorney of vari- ous banking and other important corporations, and is a member of the lodge and canton of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. On the 25th of April, 1888, Mr. Morling married Flora B. Tripp, of Cherokee, Iowa, by whom he has three children: William E., Ruth, and Harold. fººl NDREW D. CLARKE, of Algona, Iowa, is the son of Jasper §§§ A. Clarke, and his mother was Laura Sumner, daughter of Captain Shubell Sumner, of the town of Jay, Essex Coun- ty, N. Y., who was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and Captain, in the War of 1812, of the “Silver Grays,” a company raised in the town of Jay, Essex County. Captain Sumner was an uncle of the late United States Senator Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts. Mr. Clarke was born in Darlington, Canada, September 26, 1842, and with his parents moved to Fond du Lac, Wis., in 1843. He lived on a farm until September, 1865, when he moved to Algona, Kossuth County, Iowa, with his young wife, formerly Mary J. Phelps, where HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 117 they have since resided. They have three children: M. Edith, Irma D., and Fred S. Mr. Clarke has always been a stalwart Republican and deeply in- terested in party affairs. Has held several minor offices and was a member of the Twenty-second General Assembly of Iowa in 1888. He is a member of the bar of Algona, but drifted into the real estate and banking business. He is now, and has been since its organization, President of the Algona State Bank at Algona and of the Swea City State Bank, and was one of the founders of the Iowa Bankers State Bank of Des Moines. Mr. Clarke still has a liking for farming and is cultivating some 4,000 acres of land in Kossuth County, Iowa, and has over 200,000 acres of land in Mercer, Oliver, and Morton Counties, North Dakota, and the raise in the value of lands in the past few years numbers him with a large crop of millionaires raised under the Mc- Kinley administration. He ranks as one of the wealthiest, most influ- ential, and highly respected men in Northwestern Iowa. Cheerful- ness, integrity, patriotism, and his great business ability are the traits leading to his success. H. BERRY, of Indianola, Iowa, is the son of Benjamin C. and Isabelle (Van Eaten) Berry, and was born in Cass County, Ill., October 23, 1849. His father was a farmer and a native of Virginia, and moved to Illinois in 1833. He was Captain of Company D, One Hundred and Fourteenth Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, in the Civil War, serving two and one-half years and receiving an honorable discharge on account of disability from wounds. He removed to Iowa with his family in 1867 and lived On a farm until his death in 1894. W. H. Berry was educated in the public schools of Illinois and at Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa, from which he was graduated in 1872. He studied law in the office of Judge J. H. PIenderson in In- dianola, and was admitted to the bar in 1873. Immediately there. after he formed a partnership with his preceptor which continued un- til 1885, When Mr. HenderSOn Was elected to the bench. On the lat- ter’s retirement from the bench in 1896 the partnership was renewed and continued until 1900. Since then Mr. Berry has practiced alone. FIe has achieved a high standing at the bar, and is regarded as one of the ablest lawyers in his section of the State. Though not a nolitician, Mr. Rerrv has always exhibited commonda- ble interest in local affairs and especially in the welfare of the Re. 118 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. publican party. He was a member of the Twenty-sixth and Twenty- seventh General Assemblies of Iowa in 1896-1900, and had a part in codifying the laws of the State. He is President of the Worth Sav- ings Bank, and for many years has been a Trustee of Simpson College. He belongs to the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities and is a mem- ber of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, in which he has filled all the offices, being now second officer of the Grand Lodge. On May 12, 1875, Mr. Berry married Miss Alice M. Baker. They have one son, Don L. RMORY H. ENGLISH, editor of the Valley Erpress, of Valley Xi Junction, Iowa, and one of the active young Republicans of the State, was born at Altoona, Polk County, Iowa, on the 15th of January, 1871. He comes from an old Demo- cratic family, his grandfather being a first cousin of Hon. William H. English, of Indianapolis, Ind., who was on the presidential ticket with General Hancock. Of Welsh-English lineage, his ancestry is traced back to Thomas English, one of the early co- lonial settlers in Virginia. - Mr. English learned the printer's trade in the office of the Altoona Herald, which he purchased in 1889. He sold that newspaper in 1891, and for two years was an editorial writer upon the Des Moines Mail and Times. In 1893 he established the Erpress at Valley Junction and has enjoyed marked success. He has made it one of the strongest and best Republican weeklies in Iowa. EMORY H. ENGLISH. His work as a journalist has brought him in close touch with the leading men of his district and made him a student of State and local affairs, and he has secured and maintained a high standing in his party. In 1901 he was nominated by the Republicans for Representa- tive in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly from Polk County, and was elected on November 5 by a large majority, obtaining the distinc- tion of being the first native of Polk County to represent the county as a legislator. Upon taking his seat in the lower house he was placed HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 119 upon the Committees on Ways and Means, Railroads and Commerce, Private Corporations, Printing, Public Libraries, and others, and was counted among the strong young men in that body. Mr. English was married in 1895 to Miss Marie B. Carter, of Des Moines, Iowa, and has one son, Ehlers Wendell. DSIL WALTON BACHMAN, M.D., of Estherville, Iowa, is the son of Rev. John B. and Alizanah Bachman, respective- ly of German and Virginian descent. He was born in Monroe, Wis., on the 1st of August, 1854, and received a good general education. Moving to Iowa, he became prominent in both business and public affairs, and from 1884 to 1886 served as Coun- ty Superintendent of Schools of Palo Alto County with great credit and satisfaction. About this time he turned his attention to medicine, and in 1887 was graduated from the medical department of the State University of Iowa. He moved from West Bond, in that State, to Estherville in 1900. He is connected with the Worthern Tolta Grocer. In politics he is an active Republican and prominent in party affairs. He was elected to the Iowa State Senate from the Forty-seventh Senatorial T)istrict in the fall of 1899 and is now serving out his term in that body. Dr. Bachman was married in 1884 to Jennie Forrest, of Emmets- burg, Iowa, and has two daughters: Ruth and Alizanah. ; ::: HILLIAM GEORGE THOMPSON, of Marion, Linn County, § has been for nearly half a century one of the foremost men of Iowa, and both at the bar and in politics has achieved notable distinction. Born in Center Township, Butler County, Pa., January 17, 1830, he is the son of a prosperous farmer, William H. Thompson, who died at the age of seventy-three——“ a quiet, peaceable man,” six feet five inches in height, weighing 240 pounds, who never had a quarrel or a lawsuit, and who left to his fam- ily an honored name; he was born and reared in Center Township, Pa., as was also his wife, Jane McCandless, and both died there after a married life of forty-five years. Both were of Scotch and Scotch- Irish descent, their parents settling in Western Pennsylvania in 1798. Judge William G. Thompson received his primary education in a log schoolhouse two and one-fourth miles from his home, Which he at- º º A º º 120 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. tended every winter between the ages of seven and seventeen. After. Ward he taught school, working on the farm in summer, until he was nineteen, when he entered Witherspoon Institute at Butler, Pa. Two years later he began the study of law in the office of William Timblin, of Butler. He was admitted to the bar October 15, 1853, Hon. Daniel Agnew, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, presiding at the examination. On the 27th of November, 1853, Judge Thompson moved to Marion, Iowa, where, in December, he engaged in the practice of his profes- Sion with Colonel Isaac M. Preston under the firm name of Preston & Thompson. This connection continued until 1858, after which Judge Thompson was alone. In August, 1854, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Linn County, and held the position two years. He was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket in 1856, for a term of two years, and served in the last session held in Iowa City and the first one in Des Moines, being on the Judiciary Committee. The code of 1851 was revised during the session of 1856-57, and with additions is still in use. On leaving the Senate Judge Thompson again entered upon the practice of law and so continued until 1862, when he helped to raise the Twentieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry for the Civil War. He went to the front as Major, but the Colonel, be. ing a regular army officer, was detailed for brigade commander, and the Lieutenant-Colonel being captured, Judge Thompson was left in command of the regiment for some time. He was in the siege and capture of Vicksburg, saw service in Missouri, Arkansas, Touisiana, Texas, and Alabama, and was commander of the post at Fort Arkansas Pass, Texas, for eight months. He was severely wounded in the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark., December 2, 1862. He resigned his commis- SiOn and returned home in the fall of 1864. Judge Thompson has always been active in politics and a Repub- lican from the birth of the party. He was a delegate to the conven- tion at Iowa City, February 22, 1854, which nominated James W. Grimes for Governor, and, as previously stated, was elected Prosecut- ing Attorney of Linn County in the same year, being the first Repub- lican ever elected in that county. From that time to the present his adherence to the party has never wavered. During the campaign of 1864 he stumped the State for Abraham Tincoln and was chosen one of the Republican Electors-at-large. Soon afterward Judge Thomp- son was elected T)istrict Attorney for seven counties—Tinn, Jones, Cedar, Johnson, Towa, Benton, and Tama—and served six years, de- clining another term. Without his knowledge or Solicitation he was appointed by President Hayes in 1879 Chief Justice of the Territory of HISTORY OF THIS REPUBLICAN PARTY. 121 Idaho, and held the position one term, resigning in March of the same year, when he returned to Marion. In November, 1879, he was elected a member of Congress. Taking his seat in December, he was placed on the Committee on Privileges and Elections, which required much work, having twenty-two contested election cases. He was reelected in 1881 and served in all four years. For party reasons he was then persuaded to accept a nomination for Representative to the Iowa Leg- islature in 1886 and was chosen Chairman of the committee to reor- ganize the courts of the State. He served two years in that body. In August, 1894, he was appointed Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District by Governor Jackson and was elected to that position in No- vember, 1894, and reelected in 1899. His conspicuous ability and high judicial attainments have made his career on the bench a notable one. Outside of his professional and political labors Judge Thompson is thoroughly identified with the town and State in which he has so long resided, and as a private citizen is universally honored and esteemed. He is a prominent member of Robert Mitchell Post, G. A. R., of Marion, of the Loyal Legion of Des Moines, of Marion Lodge, No. 6, F. and A. M., and of Osceola Lodge, I. O. O. F., of which he is a Past Grand. He is a Director of the Marion Savings Bank and a stock- holder in the First National Bank of Marion. PIe was married, June 12, 1856, to Pſarriet J., daughter of Chester and Phoebe Parsons. She died February 27, 1897, leaving one son, John M., born May 24, 1875, who is now associated with his father in the practice of law. a ſº-º-º-º-º-º: tº REDERICK OSCAR ELLISON, of Anamosa, Iowa, a prom- ANº|| inent lawyer, citizen, and Republican, was born in New York City on the 4th of July, 1853. He is the son of Thomas B. Ellison and Anna Ruxton, natives of Ireland, who came to this country in early life and settled in Connecticut, mov- ing thence to the City of New York, where Thomas was successfully engaged in the mercantile and commission business for many years. Mr. Ellison received a public school education in his native city, where he resided until he was seventeen years old. In 1870 he moved to Iowa with his father and first settled on a farm. Not liking agri- cultural pursuits, young Ellison soon went to Indianola and entered the law office of Todhunter & Williamson, with whom he pursued his legal studies until his admission to the Iowa bar at Indianola in 1874. The same year he began active practice in Clinton. In 1875 122 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. he removed to Wyoming, Jones County, where he remained until Jan- uary, 1889, when he took up his residence in Anamosa. Here he has since resided and practiced his profession with ever increasing suc- (*GSS. As a Republican Mr. Ellison has taken an active part in politics for several years, and in this connection as well as at the bar has achieved a wide reputation. In nearly every political campaign for a number of years he has taken the stump for the party. When the office of County Attorney was created he was elected (1886) on the Republican ticket and served three terms, declining a fourth nomi- FREDERICK (). ELLISON. nation. In 1893 he was elected to the House of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, being the first Republican elected to that office in his district for many years. He was elected to the State Sen. ate in 1895, and in the Twenty-sixth, Twenty-seventh, and special ses- sions served with great credit on the Committees on the Judiciary, Cities and Towns, Banks and Banking, Constitutional Amendments, and Commerce, being Chairman of the latter body in the first sena- torial session and of the Committee on Educational Institutions in the second session. He brought to his legislative duties the same high abilities and breadth of learning which he has displayed at the bar, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 123 and won for himself an enviable reputation as an orator and a public spirited, enterprising, and energetic man of affairs. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, including the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and other organizations, and also of the Methodist Episcopal Church. On November 3, 1875, he married Annie E., daughter of Robert Mc- Cutchen, of Lyons, Iowa, and of their four children one, Frederick Harold, died at the age of eleven. Three are living, namely: Clifford Walter (now practicing medicine in New York City), Rolland R., and Mildred. £º HARLES MONROE JUNKIN, Postmaster of Fairfield, Iowa, ºš and editor of the Fairfield Ledger, is the son of William W. Junkin and Elizabeth Patrick, natives respectively of Wheeling, Va., and Ohio. His father has been connected with the Fairfield Ledger since 1853. His ancestors were Covenanters, of Scotland, and very early settlers of Pennsylvania, some of them serving with distinction in both the Revolution and the War of 1812. Mr. Junkin was born May 18, 1855, in Fairfield, Iowa. He was educated at Denmark Academy and Iowa College, and upon leaving the latter institution engaged in his life work as a journalist, in which he has been very successful. Since 1878 he has been actively con- nected with the Fairfield Ledger, being now its editor. He has also been engaged in like work at Orange City and Rock Rapids, Iowa. In 1898 he was appointed Postmaster of Fairfield by President Mc- Kinley, and still holds that office. Although Mr. Junkin has taken a prominent and active part in Re- publican politics from boyhood he has never sought political prefer- ment and, excepting the postmastership, has never accepted public office, preferring to devote his energies to the party as a worker for its general welfare and advancement. FIe has served as Chairman of the Jefferson County Republican Committee for fifteen years, was for eight years Vice-Chairman and part of the time Secretary of the Repub- lican State Committee, and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago which nominated Garfield and Arthur in 1880, an alternate delegate to the convention that nominated Blaine and Iogan in 1884, a district delegate to the St. Louis convention of 1896, which first placed William McKinley in nomination for the presi- dency, and an alternate delegate-at-large to the National Republican 124 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Convention at Philadelphia in 1900. In brief, Mr. Junkin has attended all the Iowa State and National Republican Conventions since 1876, and has often had great influence in shaping the party's policies and campaigns. That he has performed his labors ably and satisfactorily is evidenced by the great popularity in which he is held by all Repub- licans throughout the State. In his editorial utterances as well as in the capacity of a trusted political leader he has rendered valuable service to Republicanism, and stands high in the confidence and esteem of the entire community. He was married, first, September 8, 1880, to Grace Slagle, of Fair- field, who died June 24, 1897. For his second wife he married, Sep- tember 5, 1901, Mary W. Blair, of Fairfield, Iowa. tº RANCIS W. SIMMONS, of Ottumwa, Iowa, son of Rev. J. T. isºl and Martha (Arganbright) Simmons, was born in Morgan County, Ohio, in 1854. His father, a native of Wilming- ton, Del., was reared in Morgan County, Ohio, whence he moved in 1855 to Iowa, taking up the work of the ministry as a Metho- dist, and subsequently filling many important pulpits in Southern IOWa. . Francis W. Simmons was reared in Iowa and spent three years in college, attending Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and later the Iowa State University. He completed his sophomore year in 1875, and then engaged in teaching for a few months. Subsequent- ly he moved to Ottumwa and entered the employ of the firm of George FIaw & Co., to which he was admitted to full membership in 1879. He has taken an active interest in the management of the large busi- ness which has since developed, the firm having embarked in the wholesale trade soon after he became a partner. He is also identified in various other business enterprises, and has always been active in furthering the best interests of the City of Ottumwa. He has been active in securing for the city a number of important manufacturing plants which have contributed materially to its growth and prosperity. Of late years he has taken an active interest in politics as a stanch supporter of the Republican party. He represented the Sixth Con- gressional District of Iowa in 1892 at the National Republican Con- vention held in Minneapolis, and is regarded as a leader of unusual force and influence in the State. Fraternally he is a Knight Templar Mason, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 125 Mr. Simmons married Elizabeth Boumfield, a native of Ottumwa, Iowa, and they have two sons: Kenneth G. and John Boumfield. ºl.AMES L. GIESLER, of Muscatine, Iowa, is the son of Henry § # S. and Mary (Wildasin) Giesler, both natives of York Coun- ty, Pa., who moved to Iowa in 1854, settling in Muscatine County. His father was a merchant and highly respected in the community. Mr. Giesler was born in Wilton, Iowa, March 17, 1857, and there received a public school education. Soon after at- taining his majority he engaged in business as a banker, which he has ever since followed with marked success. He is also President of the Berman American Savings Bank of Muscatine, a Director in the Banks of Dexter and Redfield, Iowa, and Oakley, Kan., and part owner of the Bank of Alburnett, Iowa. In these connections he has displayed great executive and financial ability. - Mr. Giesler was a Democrat until 1896, when he became a strong Republican and Sound money advocate, and from that time to the pres- ent he has been prominent and active in working with the Repub- licans. He was elected to the General Assembly of Iowa in 1897 and served one term, bringing to the duties of that office the same energy and enthusiasm that have Characterized his business life. He is a 32° Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and a public spirited, re- Spected citizen. December 15, 1885, he married Mildred, daughter of John Hibbert, of Scott County, Iowa. She died January 4, 1901, leaving three chil- dren: Edna, EIarold L., and James Raymond. tº: ULIUS LISCHER, lawyer, has been a lifelong resident of $: Davenport, Iowa, where he was born on the 1st of July, 1866. His father, Henry Lischer, served in the Mexican War and in the War of the Rebellion, and has been for many years the proprietor of Der Demokrat, one of the foremost Ger- man papers in Iowa; his wife was Anna Dorothea Lischer. Mr. Lischer obtained his educational training in the Davenport pub- lic schools and at the State University of Iowa, graduating from the collegiate department of the latter institution in 1888 and from the law department with the degree of LL.B. in 1890. Since his admis- sion to the Iowa bar in the latter year he has been actively engaged 126 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. in the general practice of law in Davenport. He was elected County Attorney in 1896 and has been twice reelected, and in that office as well as in private practice has displayed marked ability and sound legal learning. He is also attorney for the German Savings Bank of Davenport, one of the largest institutions of its kind in the State. In politics Mr. Lischer is a Republican, active in party affairs, and an enthusiastic leader in Campaign and general political WOrk. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the B. P. O. Elks, and the Delta Tau Delta fraternity. d In 1892 he married Heckwig Schlegel, who has borne him one son, Henry Lischer, Jr. rºlLBERT WIRIGHT WEEKS, a prominent lawyer and Repub- & lican worker of Guthrie Center, Iowa, is of English descent, and was born in Lake County, Ohio, On the 7th Of October, 1850. His parents Were Henry Weeks, a farmer, born on Long 1sland, N. Y., and Sarah A. Wright, a native of Canada, who moved with their family to a farm in Green Township, Iowa County, Iowa, in 1856. Mr. Weeks assisted his father On the farm and attended the coun- try schools of the neighborhood. His education was largely the re- sult of his own efforts. Industrious, active, and energetic, he availed laimself of every opportunity to earn a dollar and pursue his studies, and finally entered the law department of the Iowa State University, from which he was graduated and admitted to the bar in June, 1873. In May, 1876, he settled in Guthrie Center and entered upon the active practice of his profession. He has always been a Republican in politics, active and influential in party affairs, and a most effective worker in his district. As a delegate in 1884 and alternate in 1888 to the Republican National Conventions of those years he rendered valuable service to the party. Eſe was one of the founders of the Republican State and National Leagues, has served as Secretary of the Republican League Clubs of Iowa since 1894, was Assistant Secretary of the Republican National Convention at Milwaukee in 1896, and has been a delegate from Iowa to nearly all the conventions of the National Republican League dur- ing the last ten years or more. He has attended the Republican State conventions for many years and is now (1902) Chairman of the Guthrie County Republican Committee. In these various capacities he has developed the highest qualities of a successful leader and gained a reputation which extends throughout the State. Mr. Weeks is a HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 127 prominent Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Past Grand Chancellor (1891-92) of the Knights of Pythias of Iowa and a member of the Grand Tribunal, a member of the B. P. O. Elks and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and a mem- her of the Methodist Episcopal Church. June 2, 1878, he married Miss Lorena Bower, who died March 13, 1884, leaving two children: Lena, born January 3, 1880, and Henry J., born March 2, 1884. For his second wife Mr. Weeks married, March 17, 1887, Miss Jennie B. Biggs, who has borne him two sons: Seth, born December 15, 1887, and Elbert Wright, Jr., born January 27, 1890. 㺺l EWELL NORMAN JONES, a prominent Republican of §§§ Fort Madison, Iowa, and Warden of the State Peniten- tiary, was born in Vernon, Oneida County, N. Y., Septem- ber 5, 1844. John R. Jones, his father, a successful farmer, merchant, and dealer in sheep and wool, was Sheriff of Oneida County when Roscoe Conkling was practicing law there, and for a number of years was a friend of John Brown of Ossawatomie and Harper's IFerry fame, and was connected with him in business dealings. His father, Peter Jones, a noted Quaker preacher, was born in Radnershire, Wales, came to America in 1808, and located at New Rochelle, N. Y., where he resided for a few years, when he moved to Oneida County. Aman- this E. Newell, wife of John R. Jones and mother of Newell N., was of English Puritan descent on both sides, her father coming from Massachusetts and her mother, Ruth Allen, from Bethlehem, Conn. Mr. Jones attended select school in Utica, N. Y., and Whitestown Seminary, a noted institution of learning at Whitestown, Oneida County. His boyhood was spent on the farm and in the City of Utica, where he became a clerk in a store at the age of eighteen. Afterward he was employed as a freight and ticket agent in the Oil regions of Pennsylvania until 1864, When he moved West, locating on a farm in Wisconsin. Thence he removed in the spring of 1874 to Atlantic, Cass County, Iowa, and engaged in business as a dealer in agricultural im- plements and later in general stock dealing, in both of which he was very successful. In the meantime Mr. Jones took an active interest in politics, as a Republican, and for twenty years he has been a leader in party affairs and in campaign work. In 1885 he was elected Sheriff of Cass County, which position he held for four terms of two years each. He was Chairman of the Cass County. Republican Central Committee, the 128 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Congressional District Committee, and the Judicial District Commit- tee, a member of the Republican State Central Committee of Iowa for a time, and an active and effective Worker in campaigns, gaining a reputation throughout the State as a resourceful and trustworthy lead- er. In January, 1894, he was elected by the Legislature to the office of Warden of the Iowa State Penitentiary at Fort Madison, which he still holds. His record in this position is eminently worthy of his whole Career, and Stamps him as a man of unusual ability, especially in the government of a large and important institution. When the Peni- tentiary came under the State Board of Control in 1898 he was re- elected by the board for a term of four years. Mr. Jones is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of various Other SOCieties. January 7, 1865, he married Miss Mary E. Perkins, of Oswego Coun- ty, N. Y., and they have three children: Mary Anna, Jesse N., and Dr. C. Rutger Jones. ;SAPH. BUCK, Postmaster of Keokuk, Lee County, Iowa, was born in Patriot, Switzerland County, Ind., August 31, 1844. His parents, Sherman A. and Urania (Hicks) Buck, moved to Iowa in the spring of 1847, and set- tled on a farm in Henry County, where the son grew to man- hood, receiving his education in the public schools of the neighborhood. He worked on the farm until the spring of 1863, when he moved to Keokuk, where he has since resided. In 1864 he enlisted in Com- pany C, Forty-fifth Iowa Volunteers, for service in the War of the Rebellion. He was stationed with his regiment at Moscow, Tenn., during the summer of that year, doing garrison duty, and was honor- ably discharged and mustered out at Keokuk on the 10th of the fol- lowing September. Subsequently Mr. Buck accepted a position as porter in a wholesale grocery house, where he soon won promotion, being a travelling salesman for fifteen years and house manager for three years. In the spring of 1888 he organized the Buck-Reiner Com- pany, of which he is President and manager. This company operates in Southern Iowa, Northern Missouri, and Western Illinois. Mr. Buck is President of the Keokuk Club and a member of Keokuk Lodge, I. O. O. F. In politics he has always been an active Republican, prominent in party affairs, and one of the trusted leaders of his district. Mr. Buck was a member of the Keokuk City Council for six years, serving as Chairman of the Finance Committee, and was President of the Mc- ###### º º §§§ HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 129 Kinley and Hobart Club. He was appointed Postmaster of Keokuk, January 17, 1898, by President McKinley and still holds that position. He married Sarah, daughter of Alexander Struthers, of Montrose, lowa, and they have had six children, of whom three are living: Hus bert A., Alfred E., and Elsie C. fºLARL F. KUEEINLE, of Denison, Iowa, a well known lawyer à and Republican worker, is the son of Charles F. and Mary (Von Eschen) Kuehnle, natives of Germany and Switzer- land respectively. He was born in Dubuque, April 7, 1861, and in 1870 moved with his parents to Waterloo, where he received his preparatory education, graduating from the East Waterloo high school at the age of seventeen as valedictorian of his class. In the following autumn he entered the State University at Iowa City, and was graduated from the collegiate department of that institution with the degree of Ph.B. in June, 1881. While there he won a prize as the best student of Shakespeare, successfully participated in the junior oratorical contest, and was a member of the Irving Institute Literary Society. In 1884 he received the degree of A.M. He was graduated LL.B. from the law department of the State Uni- versity of Iowa in June, 1882, as salutatorian of his class, and in the fall of that year entered upon the active practice of his profession in Denison, where he has since resided. Shortly after he opened his office he formed a partnership with Hon. Leslie M. Shaw, Subsequently Governor of Iowa and now (1902) Secretary of the Treasury in Presi- dent Roosevelt's Cabinet. The original firm name of Shaw & Kuehnle was afterward changed to Shaw, Sims & Kuehnle by the admission of Jacob Sims. Mr. Kuehnle has been active in politics for many years. He has been Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee and of the Senatorial, Congressional, and Judicial Committees of his district, and a delegate to many National Republican League Conventions. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the Republican State League of Iowa, has been Vice-President for Iowa of the Republican National League, and was elected Iowa member of the Executive Com- mittee of the National Republican League in 1898. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Denison Normal School Association, has been President of the Alumni Association of the State University of Iowa, is Vice-President and half owner of the Bank of Denison, Vice-President of the National Bank of Manilla, Iowa, and a Direc- 130 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. tor in the Commercial National Bank of Council Bluffs. The firm maintains a branch law and loan office at Charter Oak, Iowa, which is in charge of P. D. McMahon, a competent lawyer and financier. Mr. Kuehnle was Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias of Iowa during the years 1893-94, and was elected Supreme Representa- tive from Iowa in 1895. He is now Senior Supreme Representative CARL F. KUEHNLE. from Iowa to the Supreme Lodge. He is a Mason, Knight Templar, Scottish Rite Mason, and Shriner, and a member of the I. O. O. F., M. W. A., W. O. W., and Elks. He has gained a high reputation at the bar, and in political circles is a trusted and respected leader. As a citizen he is esteemed by the entire community. He was married October 11, 1889, to Miss Lillie Laub, youngest HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 131 daughter of Hon. H. C. Laub, of Denison, Iowa. They have two chil- dren: Lydia Belle, born August 10, 1892, and Carl Frederick, born June 22, 1896. rºl ILLARD C. STUCKSLAGER was born October 24, 1869, in # Lisbon, Iowa, where he still resides, his parents being Har- rison and Mary Stuckslager. His father was a well known and successful banker. Mr. Stuckslager descends from German, Scotch, and English ancestors who came to this country dur- ing the Revolutionary period, and who have been prominent in im- portant civil and commercial affairs for several generations; and from them he inherited sterling attributes of character which have served him Well in active life. - He was educated at Cornell College in Iowa and at the Chicago University, and upon leaving the latter institution engaged in the banking business in his native town. He is now a member of the banking firm of Stuckslager & Auracher, of Lisbon, President of the Mount Vernon Bank, of Mount Vernon, and interested in the First National Bank of Emmetsburg and the State Bank of Armstrong, Iowa. In these connections he has displayed great eXecutive and financial ability and won a high reputation as a successful man of af. fairs. t A Republican in politics, Mr. Stuckslager has been active and prom- inent in party councils for several years, and locally is recognized as an able and trustworthy leader. He was elected to the General As- sembly of Iowa for the term of 1900-01 and was reelected in 1901 for two years more, and in that capacity has admirably demonstrated his ability as a safe legislator, He was married on the 9th of November, 1893, to R. Eloise Bron- son, of Wyoming, Iowa, and they have three daughters: Mary L., Rowena E., and Elizabeth. gº! HARLES VALENTINE HOFFMANN, Postmaster of Oska- tº loosa, Iowa, and one of the owners of the Oskaloosa Herald, was born in that city on the 28th of January, 1860. His father, Philip Hoffmann, Sr., a native of Germany, came to America in 1853, went from New Orleans to Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 1855 removed to Iowa, where he continued to follow his trade of cab- 132 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. inet maker and glazier; his wife, Ellen Addy, was a native of Ireland. Mr. Hoffmann attended the public schools of Oskaloosa, and in 1877 became an apprentice in the printing and newspaper business, which he mastered in all its branches. He was elected Treasurer of Ma- haska County in 1889 and served two terms, being reelected to succeed himself. In 1894 he engaged in the steam laundry business with his brother Phil., and so continued until December 1, 1896, when they sold out and, in partnership, purchased of Colonel Albert W. and Pauline Swalm the Oskaloosa Daily and Weekly Herald, which they still conduct, Phil. being the editor and Charles V. the business mana- ger. Under their vigorous and efficient management the Herald has greatly increased in circulation, in influence, and in the character and style of its contents, and occupies a foremost position among the lead- ing papers of Iowa. It is Republican in politics and a strong Sup- porter of party principles and candidates. Charles V. Hoffmann has been for several years a regular attendant at the Republican county and State conventions, where his influence and judgment have been felt in shaping party affairs. He was ap- pointed Postmaster of Oskaloosa by President McKinley in 1897 and reappointed in 1901. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the B. P. O. Elks, and the Modern Woodmen of America. May 20, 1890, he married Grace, daughter of Hon. W. H. Seevers, of Oskaloosa, Iowa, and they have two children: Gladys and Guilford. i.ILLIAM HARRISON NEEDHAM, of Sigourney, Iowa, editor : º g º $3.4% and proprietor of the Keokuk County News, was born In º Guernsey County, Ohio, August 22, 1840, his parents, David * Needham, a shoemaker by trade, and Margaret Shaffer, having moved west from Pennsylvania. He moved from Ohio to Iowa in 1853, and settled in Oskaloosa, where he received his education and subsequently learned the trade of printer. In 1862 he enlisted in Com- pany D, Twenty-second Iowa Infantry Volunteers, and participated in all the engagements in which his regiment took part during the re- mainder of the war, being mustered out of service and honorably dis- charged at Savannah, Ga., on the 1st of August, 1865. He was pro- moted to First Lieutenant for bravery at the assault on Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, by General Grant, who made special mention of him in his reportS. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 133 Soon after returning home from the army Mr. Needham purchased an interest in the Oskaloosa Herald, which he conducted until 1877. In November, 1878, he removed to Sigourney, purchased the Keokuk County News, and has since been the editor and proprietor of that paper, developing it into one of the best and strongest weeklies in Southeastern Iowa. Under his able and energetic management the Wews has attained a wide circulation and influence, both as a family newspaper and political organ. He is a vigorous writer, a good busi- ness man, and actively identified with every object and movement which has the welfare of the community at heart. In politics Mr. Needham is a prominent Republican, having always taken a deep interest in party affairs, and serving it in important ca- pacities with the same ability and faithfulness which have character- ized his business life. While a resident of Oskaloosa he was Postmas- ter from January, 1870, to 1877. He served as a member of the School Board and City Council of Sigourney for some time, and on September 1, 1898, was appointed Postmaster by President McKinley, which office he still holds. In 1896 he was a delegate to the Republican Na- tional Convention at St. Louis which nominated William McKinley for the presidency. He has been Chairman of the Keokuk County Repub- lican Committee for six years, and has attended as a delegate nearly all the Iowa State conventions of the party during the last quarter of a century. Mr. Needham is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic and a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity. December 20, 1866, he married Olive, daughter of Samuel Knowlton, of Oskaloosa, Iowa. They have had eight children: Charles K., John R., Alice Pearl (deceased), Edna P., Emma J., Sherman Waldo, Anna Belle, and William Harrison, Jr. of Washington, Iowa, for about thirty-five years, was born in Fairfield, Ind., on the 6th of May, 1838. He is the son of John C. and Sarah (Thomas) Cunningham, the former being a native of the State of New York. His father, a successful stock dealer, moved to Washington, Iowa, in 1869, and engaged in farming and stock raising. Mr. Cunningham received a good practical education in the public schools of his native State. In 1861, when the War of the Rebellion broke out, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-second Indiana Volunteer 134 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Infantry, and with his regiment was attached to the Army of the Ten- Ił62.SSéé. sºl EORGE DOUGLAS PERKINS, editor of the Sioux City §ººl Journal and one of the leading Republicans of Iowa, is the son of John D. and Lucy F. Perkins, his father having been a prominent lawyer. He was born in Holley, Orleans Coun- ty, N. Y., February 29, 1840, and removed at an early age to the West. He learned the printer’s trade in Baraboo, Wis., and in 1860, in con- nection with his brother, started the Gazelle at Cedar Falls, Iowa. He enlisted as a private in Company B, Thirty-first Iowa Volunteers, Au. gust 12, 1862, and was discharged at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., January 12, 1863. Removing to Sioux City, Iowa, in 1869, Mr. Perkins has ever since been the editor of the Journal, the leading Republican paper in the Western part of the State. He has won a Wide reputation as an able, conservative journalist. In politics he is no less prominent, having served the Republican party in various important capacities. He was a member of the Iowa State Senate in 1874 and 1876, was appointed United States Marshall for the Northern District of Iowa by President Arthur and removed by President Cleveland, and was elected to the Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses, as a Republican, receiving in the last election 29,601 votes against 22,773 for A. Van Wagenen, Democrat-Populist fusion, and 400 for C. F. Farrand, Prohibitionist. In Congress he distinguished himself as an able legislator and statesman, and won the respect of both consti- tuents and political opponents. Mr. Perkins was a delegate to the National Republican Conventions of 1876, 1880, and 1888, and has at- tended nearly all the State and National conventions of the party dur- ing the past quarter century or more. He married Louise E. Julien in 1869, and has a fine home in Sioux City, where he is honored and esteemed as a patriotic, public spirited citizen. tº HARLES HENRY TALMADGE, editor of the West Union §: Gazette, one of the leading county papers in Iowa, was born in Girard, Erie County, Pa., October 10, 1842. His mother, Lydia Adelaide Miller, was also a native of that county, born in 1822. Henry Orvis Talmadge, his father, was born in Con- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 135 necticut in 1827, descending from an early Welsh family of that State. Mr. Talmadge attended the best primary schools of Erie County, 'a., until 1850, when he accompanied the family to Rockton, Winne- bago County, Ill., whence they removed six years later (1856) to a farm in Mitchell County, Iowa, midway between Mitchell and Osage. Here their house was not completed when on the 3d of December the his toric winter of 1856-57 began. The country was new, and young Tal- CHARLES H. TALMADGE. madge experienced all the privations incident to a pioneer life, par ticipating in its duties, however, with true heroism and courage, and never faltering in his youthful determination to carve out ºn honor. able, useful, and successful career. He assisted his father in convert- ing the forest into a prosperous farm, obtained such meagre educa- tional advantages as the frontier then afforded, and finally, in 1857 entered upon his life work as an employee of Parker & Talcott in the office of the Mitchell Republican. Later he was successively employed 136 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. on the Clear Lake Independent, the Mason City Democrat, and Stilson Hutchins's early venture, the North Iowam, at Osage. The outbreak of the War of the Rebellion in the spring of 1861, to- gether with an appeal of M. M. Trumbull, a lawyer, of Clarksville, Iowa, afterward a brigadier-general, led Mr. Talmadge to respond to the call for troops and enlist, at Dubuque, in Captain Trumbull’s Com- pany I, Third Iowa Regiment, which was mustered into service at Keokuk. He participated in the battle of Shiloh, but succumbed to malarial fever on the march to Corinth, was sent North, and was de- tailed as Chief Clerk at the Jefferson Barracks Hospital by special order of General Curtis. At the close of his three years' service he was appointed Paymaster's Clerk under Major E. V. Carter and con- tinued in that capacity until Lee surrendered and the last Iowa regi- ment was mustered out. After the war Mr. Talmadge settled in West Union, Iowa, and in 1867, with the late J. W. Shannon, established the West Union Gazette, of which he has ever since been the editor and publisher, having pur- chased Mr. Shannon's interest at the end of their first year. Scarcely an issue of the Gazette has gone forth that was not published under his personal supervision. He has made it a power in the community, al- ways conducting it as a conservative exponent of Republican princi- ples. His long and active editorial career, extending over a period of thirty-five years, has hardly a parallel in Iowa journalism. He is a strong, graceful, and fluent writer, somewhat noted for his flashes of fine humor, and widely known as one of the ablest editors in the State. Casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln for President, Mr. Tal- madge has always been a loyal, earnest, and enthusiastic Republican, active in party affairs, and a recognized leader. He has never been a candidate for elective office, but served twelve years as Postmaster of West Union, as Assistant Secretary of the State Senate in the Twen- ty-sixth General Assembly, and as a member of the staffs of Gov. ernors Kirkwood and Carpenter with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He has also served repeatedly as Chairman of his county and district Committees. He was a charter member and is Past Commander of Abernethy Post, No. 48, G. A. R., which was organized in West Union in 1866, and has held important positions on the staff of the Department Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic Of Iowa. Mr. Talmadge was married in Mitchell County, Iowa, October 23, 1866, to Miss Lucy Hutchins Whittemore, daughter of Rev. David HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1:37 R. Whittemore, a prominent Baptist clergyman of Providence, R. I., where she was born September 6, 1843. They have two children: David Henry, born September 24, 1867, and John Charles, born Octo- ber 12, 1874, both of whom are associated with their father in the pub- lication of the Gazette. ºf IRAM KINSMAN EVANS, of Corydon, has been a lifelong - resident of Wayne County, Iowa, where he was born on the 17th of March, 1863, his immediate birthplace being in Wal- nut Township. He is the son of Captain Hiram Evans, a farmer, who came from Bedford County, Pa., and Sarah J. Robison, his wife, of Montgomery County, W. Va. Mr. Evans was graduated from the State University of Iowa on the 22d of June, 1886, with the degree of LL.B., and was admitted to the bar the same day. Since then he has been actively and successfully engaged in the general practice of the law at Corydon, where he resides. He served as County Attorney for Wayne County from January 1, 1891, to Jan- uary 1, 1895. Politically Mr. Evans is an ardent and consistent Republican. He has taken a prominent part in party af. fairs for several years and through his acknowledged ability, integrity, and leadership has achieved a conspicuous HIRAM. K. EVANS. place in the community. He repre- sented his district in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly of Iowa at the regular and extra sessions, the latter being called to codify the laws of the State. He is now a Regent of the State University, having been first appointed by Governor Drake on October 1, 1897, and elected by the Legislature for a full term beginning May 1, 1898. At the Judicial Convention for his district held in 1901 he was a candidate for District Judge and lacked but four votes of receiving the nomination as against a field of six candidates for the place. In March, 1902, he was elected a member of the Board of Education and the same month was elected Mayor. He is now filling both positions. In these capacities as 138 HISTORY OF THE FEPUBLICAN PARTY. well as in various local offices he has displayed high qualifications and won the approval of the entire community. He is a stockholder in the Farmers State Bank of Promise City, Iowa, a Mason, and a member of the Sons of Veterans, his father having served in the War of the Rebellion. i - Mr. Evans married PIattie Belvel, January 1, 1891, who was admitted to practice at the bar by the Supreme Court of Iowa in January, 1894. They have two children: Portia and Genevieve. ILLIAM ALMERON FOLLETT, lawyer, of Atlantic, Iowa, is §§ º the son of Sylvester Almeron and Adelia Jane Follett, of º French and English descent respectively. He was born on ** a farm near Pella, Marion County, in that State, October 13, 1869, received his education in Ottawa College at Ottawa, Kan., and studied law in the office of Major H. G. Curtis, of Atlantic, where he has successfully practiced his profession since 1893. He is the local attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. Mr. Follett has always taken an active interest in politics, and in 1899 was elected Chairman of the Republican Central Committee of Cass County, a position he filled with great energy and ability for two years. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the B. P. O. Elks, a public spirited and enterprising citizen, and an able, indus- trious, and successful lawyer. - He was married on the 2d of June, 1897, to Miss Lallie Davis, of Medford, Del. tº RANK WILLIAM PORTERFIELD, M.D., a prominent citi- jº zen of Atlantic, Iowa, is the son of Samuel Newton Porter- field, a miller by occupation, who moved westward from Ohio in 1848, becoming one of the “forty-niners” to Cali- fornia by the great overland route. The family is of Scotch-Irish de- scent, endowed with all the sturdy characteristics of their race, and possessed of those attributes which mark the true pioneer. Such was Samuel Newton Porterfield. He was an enterprising, public spirited man, always ready to bear his burden in the development of a new country, and universally respected by all who knew him. He and his wife, Mary Hatch, had the distinction of being the first white couple ever married in Nebraska, their marriage taking place at Belleview in 1854, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 139 Afterward Mr. and Mrs. Porterfield settled in Council Bluffs, Iowa, where their son, Frank William, was born on the 29th of January, 1857. He was educated in the high school of that city, at the Iowa State College, and at the Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill. Dr. Porterfield was a Democrat until 1896, when he joined the Re- publican party, believing that in sound money and Republicanism were the best principles of good government for the most people. He has since affiliated with the Republicans and loyally supported the party’s policies and candidates. In the practice of his profession he has achieved marked success. Dr. Porterfield is a prominent mem- ber of all the medical societies, of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows, and of the Knights of Pythias, being Grand Chancellor of the latter body for the Domain of Iowa in 1901-02. He was married in Chicago, Ill., February 13, 1879, to Miss Alice E. Sigwalt, and has two children: Mary Ellen and Jack S. sº OHN QUINCY SAINT, Postmaster of Marshalltown, Iowa, :-. iſ and a trusted Republican leader of his district, was born in Henry County, Ind., on the 12th of December, 1847. On his father's side he is of Welsh descent, while on his moth- er's he is of English extraction. His parents, Jonathan and Emily G. (Johnson) Saint, both of whom were of Quaker lineage, moved from NOrth Carolina to Indiana in 1837. Mr. Saint was educated in the public schools of his native county, and followed the occupation of a clerk in a store until he moved to Iowa in 1870, gaining in that capacity a sound business training and a broad knowledge of commercial values. He settled in Marshall County, Iowa, in 1871, purchased a farm, and for about twenty years followed agricultural pursuits with uninterrupted success. For about six years he was also engaged in the mercantile business in St. An- thony, selling out his interests there in 1887. In 1890 Mr. Saint moved to Marshalltown and engaged in the real estate and insurance busi- ness, which he has since conducted. Politically he is a loyal, enthusiastic Republican, active in party councils, and a leader of well known ability. He was appointed Post- master of Marshalltown by President McKinley on the 1st of July, 1898. As a citizen he is highly respected. He is a member of the Masonic order and identified with every worthy movement in the com- munity. In May, 1870, Mr. Saint married Lydia, daughter of Charles and 140 HISTORY OF TELE BEFUBLICAN PARTY. Anna Gordon, of PIenry County, Ind. She died January 24, 1902, at Marshalltown. They had five children: Nina (deceased), Gilbert (de- ceased), Charles, Ella (deceased), and Merle. :::::::HARLES EDGAR PICKETT, lawyer, of Waterloo, Iowa, is *ś the son of Edgar C. Pickett and Glorvina Ballard and a de- scendant of English ancestry. He was born in that State, at Bonaparte, Van Buren County, on the 14th of January, 1866, and was educated in the Iowa State University, attending both the collegiate and law departments. Mr. Pickett was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1890, and since then has been actively and successfully engaged in general practice in Waterloo, being at the present time the junior member of the well known law firm of Mullan & Pickett. He has built up a large busi- ness in the State and Federal courts, and, although a young man, has gained a high standing in the profession. In politics he has been very active. He stumped the State for one month under the Republican State Committee in 1888, and since then in every campaign has de- voted his best efforts to the party’s success. In congressional and presidential years he has been especially active and influential. PIe was Temporary Chairman of the Republican State Convention at Des Moines in 1899, and in 1900 he gave much time to the Republican Na- tional Committee. He has made speeches in nearly every town in Iowa, always with great effect and good results. Mr. Pickett has never held any political office. His growing practice, together with the service he has rendered to the party, has occupied all his time. He has been for six years a member of the Board of Regents of the State University of Iowa, being reelected by the last Legislature for a second term, and is a Director of the Teavitt & Johnson National Bank, the Ileavitt & Johnson Trust Company, the Waterloo Light and Electric Company, the Brown Crockery Company, the Home Park Land and Investment Company, the First National Bank of Guthrie Center, Iowa, and other equally important corporations. In all these con- nections as well as at the bar and in politics he has displayed splendid ability and sound common sense. He is prominent in fraternal cir- cles, being Grand Exalted Ruler of the Benevolent and Protective Or. der of Elks and Past Grand Chancellor of the State of Iowa of the Knights of Pythias. In the latter order he was Supreme Representa. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 141 tive and Chairman of the Judiciary Committee of the Supreme Lodge, refusing to stand for reelection for business reasons. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. EORGE BOURDILLON STEWART, of Fort Madison, has been a lifelong resident of Iowa, having been born in Bur- lington on the 16th of June, 1865. He is the son of George * L. and Emily (Walker) Stewart and a grandson on his mother's side of Eion. J. C. Walker, a delegate to the Chicago National Republican Convention of 1860 which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, and afterward Collector of Internal Revenue for the District Of IOWa. Mr. Stewart was educated at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and at the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and in 1888, immediately after his admission to the bar, began active practice in Fort Madison, Iowa, in partnership with S. M. Casey, the firm name being Casey & Stewart. Since then he has suc- cessfully devoted himself to the duties of his profession, in which he has achieved a high reputation. He was appointed Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa in March, 1898, and has filled that office with marked ability. Mr. Stewart is a stanch Republican and active in party affairs. He is a Director of the Iowa Farming Tool Company, and a member of the B. P. O. Elks. As a citizen he is respected by all who know him. He was married June 25, 1889, to Adele, daughter of William H. Kretsinger, of Fort Madison, Iowa, and has one son, Alan Stewart. Fºu GENE SECOR, a well known business man of Forest City, ğl Iowa, son of Alson and Sarah Caroline (Knapp) Secor, is ºf descended from a family of French Huguenots who came to the Province of New York, then New Amsterdam, shortly after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The name has been variously spelled Secor, Secord, Seacord, Sicard, Sicart, Sycard, Sy- eart, etc., and it frequently appears on the records of the French church in New York, Dieu Saint Esprit, between 1680 and 1770. Ambroise Sicard fled from France in 1681, settled in New York City, and mar- ried Jennie Perron, their daughter being the first person on record as 142 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. receiving baptism in the Huguenot church there. About 1692 they removed to New Rochelle, Westchester County, N. Y., and at once be. came prominent in the founding of that town, of which his son Am- broise appears as one of the twenty-three freeholders in 1708. The family has ever since been influential and numerous in Westchester County, being especially loyal to the American cause during the Revo- lutionary War. Mr. Secor was born near Peekskill, Westchester County, N. Y., May 13, 1841, his father being a successful farmer and horticulturist and for many years a Justice of the Peace. His maternal grandmother was a member of the noted Lee family of Yorktown. Mr. Secor attended the country schools of his native State until he reached the age of twenty- one, when he moved to Forest City, Iowa. Later he enlisted in a One hundred days' service, but his company was never called out. In 1864 he entered Cornell College in Iowa, but in the following autumn was called home to look after his brother's business as County Treas- urer, the latter having gone to the front as a soldier in the Union Army. Mr. Secor was Deputy County Treasurer of Winnebago Coun- ty for two years, Deputy County Clerk for one year, County Clerk for six years, Deputy County Auditor for one year, Auditor for four years, and Coroner for two years, serving in each capacity with signal ability and satisfaction. - In 1880 Mr. Secor formed a partnership with his brother David and John Law, under the name of Secor Brothers & Law, and engaged in the real estate, abstract, loan, and insurance business. This firm was changed to its present style in 1893, by the retirement of Mr. Law and the admission of his son, Willard, to Secor Brothers & Co. They erected, in 1882, a handsome brick block in Forest City and also organ- ized the Forest City Bank, which became the First National Bank in 1893. Mr. Secor was until recently a Director and the Vice-President of this institution, is a member of the banking firm of P. M. Joice & Co., of Lake Mills, Iowa, and interested in banks in Winnebago City, Dele, van, and other places in Minnesota. He is also President of the TNorthwestern Land and Colonization Company and a Director of the Forest City Electric Light and Power Company. Mr. Secor has always been a Republican, receiving his early political iraining under Horatio Seymour's reign in New York. He has been a delegate to nearly every Republican State Convention during the last twenty years, was a delegate to the National Republican Conven- tion at Minneapolis in 1892 and supported Harrison for President, and in 1901 was elected to the Twenty-ninth General Assembly of Iowa, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 143 where he was made Chairman of the House Committee on Horticul- ture. For many years he has been prominently identified with the iowa State Horticultural Society, serving two terms as President and much of the time as a Director and as manager of one of its experi- mental stations. He is also a noted beekeeper, was sole judge in the department of the apiary at the Chicago World's Fair and Omaha Exposition, and has served as President and is now Treasurer and gen- eral manager of the National Beekeepers Society. He is President of EUGENE SECOR. the Farmers Institute of Winnebago County, a Trustee and one of the Executive Committee of Cornell College, and the founder and for two years President of the Winnebago County Agricultural Society. For six years he was a Trustee of the State Agricultural College of Iowa. He was the first Mayor of Forest City, serving four terms, was for sev. eral years a member of the City Council, and has long been a mem- ber and President of the Forest City Board of Education. In 1892 he was a lay delegate from the Northwest Iowa Conference to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Omaha. 144 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Secor has contributed to literary and technical papers and maga- Zines for many years, and by request Wrote a résumé of the apiarian industry in the United States and its representation at the Chicago fair for publication in the permanent records of the World’s Colum- bian Exposition. He was married in 1866 to Millie M., daughter of David Spencer, of Indiana. They have had ten children, four of whom are living: Wil- lard, Alson, Nina, and Manly. ;ATT PARROTT, of Waterloo, formerly Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa, was the son of William and Maria (Beck) Parrott, and was born in Schoharie, N. Y., May 11, 1837. His par- * ents were both natives of England. They came to this country in 1833 and located in Albany, N. Y., where they remained for two years, when they removed to Schoharie. William Parrott was a baker by trade, and had a family of ten children, Matt being the third. Mr. Parrott attended the district schools until he was ten years old. He then spent three years as a student at the Schoharie Academy, and in the autumn of 1850, When a lad of thirteen, first became con- Ilected with newspaper work, securing a position in the office of the Schoharie Patriot, then published by Peter Mix. Mr. Parrott worked on different newspapers in New York State until July, 1856, when he started westward and found employment in the office of the Chicago Democrat. In August of that year he moved to Iowa and was con- nected with different newspapers until December, 1857, when he en- gaged in the newspaper business for himself, entering into partner- ship with C. L. D. Crockwell, of Anamosa, Iowa, in the publication of the Eureka. A year or two later Mr. Crockwell sold a half interest to Edmund Booth, with whom Mr. Parrott was associated until De- cember, 1862. He was then for some time in the employment of differ. ent newspaper offices. In February, 1869, in company with J. J. Smart, he purchased the Iowa State Reporter at Waterloo, a paper originated as a Democratic organ. Two months later it was revived as a Republican paper. The original partnership continued until 1872, when James L. Girton was admitted to an interest in the business, and the firm name was changed to Smart, Parrott & Co. In 1876 the senior member retired, and on admitting J. P. Sherman to the firm there were some other changes, but in 1884 Mr. Parrott admitted his sons, W. F. and Louis G., under the firm name of Matt Parrott & Sons. of- */cº WILL ARD L. EATON. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 145 Mr. Parrott was elected State Binder in 1878 and was reelected for two terms. In March, 1877, he was elected Mayor of Waterloo, and was reelected in 1878 and again in 1879. In 1885 he was elected State Senator, and in that capacity served as Chairman of the Committees on Municipal Corporations and Printing and as a member of those on Ways and Means, Railroads, Insurance, Highways, Labor, Congres- sional Districts, Agricultural College, Orphans Home, and Enrolled Bills. He was reelected to the Senate in 1889, and in the Twenty-third General Assembly was Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. He was recognized as one of the most prominent leaders of the Re- publican party in Iowa, and at the Republican State Convention held in Des Moines in July, 1895, was one of the leading candidates for Governor. The loyal support of his friends for this position made him a logical candidate for Lieutenant-Governor, and against his own wishes and desires he was nominated by acclamation and was elected. During his term in that office he more than met the expectations of his numerous friends, and, as in every other capacity, established a repu- tation for ability, energy, and probity of character which extended even into National politics. Mr. Parrott was prominent in Masonic circles, holding nearly all the positions in that order in the State. He married, October 25, 1859, in Davenport, Iowa, Miss IFrank, youngest daughter of Isaac N. Field. They had three sons, who have succeeded their father in business. Mr. Matt Parrott died in Battle Creek, Mich., April 21, 1900. sº. ILLARD LEE EATON, of Osage, member and Speaker of ºël the Iowa House of Representatives from Mitchell County, is a successful lawyer and well known in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, throughout which States his practice ex- tends. His father, Arial R. Eaton, was a member of the Iowa Legis- ture in 1852-54, while living in Delhi, was appointed receiver of the Turkey River land district by President Pierce in 1855, and moved to Decorah, whence he removed the land office in 1856 to Osage, becom- ing one of the proprietors of that town. Arial K. Eaton was a mem- ber of the Osage School Board for many years, and died there July 17, 1896, at the age of eighty-two. He was a native of New Hampshire and a cousin of General John Eaton, at one time Commissioner of Edu- cation. In early life he was a school teacher, but later was admitted to the bar and practiced law with marked success. He married, in 146 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Indiana, Sarah Jarnigan, whose ancestors were early settlers of Vir. ginia. - Willard L. Eaton was born in Delhi, Delaware County, Iowa, Octo- ber 13, 1848, received his primary education in the district schools of that place and Osage, and finished his literary studies in the Cedar Valley Seminary at Osage, being one of the first pupils of that institu- tion, and graduating therefrom in 1872. Ile was graduated with the degree of LL.B. from the law department of the Iowa State University in 1872. Mr. Eaton was Deputy Clerk of the courts of Mitchell Coun- ty from 1871 to 1874, when he formed a copartnership with John B. Cleland for the practice of law in Osage, Mr. Cleland became District Judge in 1885 and Mr. Eaton continued in practice alone until 1889, when J. F. Clyde joined him in partnership. This connection existed till 1897, when Mr. Clyde also went on the bench. Since then Mr. Eaton has been alone in the practice of his profession. He was a Democrat until 1893, when he became convinced that the position of the Democratic party was radically wrong, especially on the questions of the tariff and currency. Since then he has been active and influential in the Republican party of Iowa. Mr. Eaton Served as Mayor of Osage for three terms, as County Attorney for one term as a Democrat, and in 1897 was elected to the Iowa Legislature as a Re- publican. He was for several years a member of the Osage School Board, serving a part of the time as President. He was chosen Speak- er of the House in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, and is holding that position at the present time (1902). Mr. Eaton has won distinc- tion in the Legislature purely on the strength of his recognized ability as a lawyer, his parliamentary attainments, and the candor and ear- nestness with which he meets all public questions. He was a member of the most important committees in the House of the Twenty-sev- enth General Assembly, Chairman of the Committee on Elections, and Chairman of the Sifting Committee at the close of the session. In the Twenty-eighth General Assembly he was Chairman of the Com- mittee on Ways and Means. As a citizen he is highly esteemed. He is a Trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Osage, Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Iowa, a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, a member of El Kahir Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and a member of the Scottish Rite bodies of Masonry. Mr. Eaton was married, September 11, 1874, to Laura R. Annis, of Westfield, Vt. They have had two children: Ivan Willard Eaton, who died September 19, 1884, at the age of two and a half years, and Allan March Eaton, born March 15, 1887. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 147 zººl HARLES J. THOMPSON, President of the Forest City Na- ğl tional Bank, has been a lifelong resident of Iowa, having been born at Decorah on the 6th of January, 1865. He is the son of O. P. and Nettie (Simmons) Thompson, who Loved into the new State among its pioneers. Mr. Thompson obtained his education at the Decorah High School and Business College. He moved to Forest City in 1886, and has been successfully engaged in the banking business ever since, holding at the present time the presidency of the Forest City National Bank, which was established and organized by himself and G. S. Gilbertson, State Treasurer, in 1895, with a capital of $50,000. It now has a capital and surplus of $65,000, and is one of the strong financial institutions of the State. Mr. Thompson is also Vice-President of the Buffalo Cen- ter State Bank and a Director of the First National Bank of Lake Mills and of the First National Bank of Thompson, Iowa. He has always been an active Republican, and has attended nearly all the county and State conventions of the party since he attained his majority. He has never held public office, however, his large bank- ing interests demanding his whole time. He is a member of the B. P. O. Elks, a public spirited citizen, and highly respected by the entire community. Mr. Thompson married Cora J., daughter of Judge Rob- ert Clark, of Winnebago County, Iowa, December 18, 1888. fºLIOMAS A. WAY, the well known banker and busi- º ness man of Mason City, Iowa, was born in McDonough County, Ill., January 9, 1862. He comes from an old Quaker family who settled in Pennsylvania with William Penn, and whose connection with the Society of Friends continued for several generations, being interrupted only by their emigration westward with other pioneers. Chandler C. Way, father of Thomas, was a native of Pennsylvania, while his wife, Georgiana Robinson, was born on Long Island, N. Y. He was a successful banker and real estate operator, and soon after the birth of his son removed with his family to Iowa, settling in Hancock County. Thomas A. Way received a good public school education. When a young man he engaged in the real estate business with so much success that he subsequently added banking to his operations, with the result that he now owns a controlling interest in no less than six dif- ferent banks in Northern Iowa. These facts attest his industry, abil- 148 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ity, and Sound judgment, as well as the confidence and esteem in Which he is held by his associates and friends. In 1895, with T. A. Potter, he also organized the Western Electric Telephone Company, which constructed the first independent telephone line in the State, and which at this time (1902) owns and operates about five thousand miles of telephone franchises—the longest independent toll line in the United States. Mr. Way is still a very extensive real estate operator in the Northwest, and in this connection as well as in the banking business he has achieved remarkable Success. He is an active, enthusiastic Republican, and for several years has been a trusted leader in his section. He was elected to the lower House of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly of Iowa and served one term. In the State campaign of 1901 he was the acknowledged leader of the party which nominated Hon. A. B. Cummins for Gov- ernor on the Republican ticket at Cedar Rapids, and it was largely through his untiring efforts that Mr. Cummins was elected by a ma- jority of about 80,000. Mr. Way is a member of the Independent Or- der of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the B. P. O. Elks, and in all the relations of citizenship is highly esteemed and respected. August 1, 1884, he married Minnie G., daughter of J. T. Lewis, of Kansas City, Mo. They have one son, Clyde C. Way. B. CLASSEN has been a farmer near Green Mountain, Mar- shall County, Iowa, since 1867, and is one of the best known men in his section. He was born in Aldenberg, - Germany, April 30, 1846. His mother, Margaret, died when he was two years old, and two years later (1850) he came to America with his father, John Classen, settling on a farm in Illinois. There he grew to manhood amidst the rural surroundings of a com- paratively pioneer country, helping his father on the farm and attend- ing the public schools at Prairieville. The death of his father left him an orphan at the age of twelve. In 1867 he moved to Marshall County, Iowa, and located on a farm of 320 acres two miles north of Breen Mountain, where he is still engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Classen served seventeen months in the Union Army during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisting on the 2d of February, 1864, when a little less than seventeen years old, in Company D, Thirty- fourth Illinois Infantry Volunteers, and being honorably discharged at Louisville, Ky., July 15, 1865. He was with the Fourteenth Army HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 149 Corps in the Army of the Cumberland. He is a member and the present Commander of F. M. Thomas Post, No. 94, G. A. R., Depart- ment of Iowa. In politics Mr. Classen is an ardent, enthusiastic, and active Repub- lican. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1895 and again in 1897, and in that body served as Chairman of the Committee on Coun- J. B. CLASSEN. ty and Township Organization and as a member of the Committees on Agricultural College, Schools and Text Books, and Police Regula- tions. In the Twenty-seventh General Assembly he was a member of the Committees on Ways and Means, Agriculture, Military, Suppres- sion of Intemperance, and Railroads and Commerce. He was elected to the State Senate in 1900, for one term, and in that body is Chairman 150 HISTOIRY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. of the Committee on Highways and a member of the Committees on Ways and Means, Agriculture, Railroads, Labor, Military, and Fish and Game. His services as a legislator were characterized by untir- ing devotion to duty and a thorough knowledge of the needs of his constituents. He is a public spirited citizen, actively identified with the best interests of the community, and highly respected by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. December 29, 1869, Mr. Classen married Almira, daughter of E. N. Messenger, of Marshall County, Iowa. They have one daughter, Belle, now sixteen years old. *AUL O. KOTO, of Forest City, State Veterinary Surgeon of #| Iowa, was born on a farm near Orfordville, Rock County, Wis., October 4, 1855. His parents, O. T. and Anna Koto, natives of Norway, came to this country about 1841, at about the ages of twenty and ten respectively. Both are now de- ceased, the father, who had been a prosperous farmer and stock raiser, dying twenty years or more ago and the mother about thirty-two years ago. Dr. Koto attended the country schools, and at the age of sixteen entered the graded school at Brodhead, Wis. Two years later he be- gan the Study of pharmacy and mastered the profession in all its branches. In 1877 he was graduated from the Janesville (Wis.) Com- mercial College. April 1, 1879, he engaged in the retail drug business in Taopi, Minn., in which he has ever since continued, removing his stock to Forest City, Winnebago County, Iowa, in 1881. He is also connected with the Forest City Hotel Company and the Minnesota Lake Shore Land Company. About ten years ago Dr. Koto turned his attention to veterinary medicine and surgery, and in 1895 was graduated from the Chicago (Ill.) Veterinary College. Since then he has practiced that profes- sion with constantly increasing success, becoming one of the best known and most prominent veterinarians, not only in Iowa, but in the NorthWest. In 1901 he served with Credit as President Of the Iowa State Veterinary Association, having been unanimously elected to that responsible position without any solicitation on his part. As a token of respect for the active part he took in the interest of the veterinary profession he was presented with a valuable gold-headed cane, He was a member of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly of HISTORY OF THE IREPUBLICAN PARTY. 151 Iowa, having been chosen as a compromise candidate on the 7327th ballot to represent the Ninety-first Representative District, his nomi- nation ending one of the most hotly contested political fights in the State. He was the author of the veterinary bill creating the State Veterinary Board of Medical Examiners, which placed the profession On par with the dental and medical professions. For six years he served as Assistant State Veterinarian of Iowa, receiving his first ap- pointment from Governor Drake and subsequently being reappointed by Governor Shaw. On March 15, 1902, Governor A. B. Cummins ap- pointed him State Veterinary Surgeon of Iowa to succeed Dr. J. I. Gibson, of Denison. Dr. Koto is a prominent, active, and stalwart Republican, and for years has taken a deep interest in party affairs. He served as Treas- urer of the School Board of Forest City for five years, as a member of the City Council for some time, and in other important capacities. As a citizen and business man he is well aud favorably known, having been actively identified with the various enterprises of his town and county. He has always taken an interest in matters pertaining to live stock and horses, having owned and raised some noted and speedy animals. He was the Secretary and originator of the first Winnebago County Fair, was President of the society for several years, was the Secretary and an active worker for the erection of the Forest City Flax Palace, and largely responsible for the great success of that ex- position. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the D. O. K. K., and the Grant Club Of Des Moines. March 31, 1881, Dr. Koto married, at Austin, Minn., Matilda J. Peachey, of Beaver Dam, Wis., and they have had two children: Ma- bel Stella, born July 14, 1882, died March 19, 1898, and Loretta Eve- lyn, born March 3, 1896, now living. ----- 3. HARLES MCALLISTER, M.D., of Spencer, Iowa, was born § in South Lee, Berkshire County, on one of the largest farms in Western Massachusetts, February 1, 1840. He is the son of John McAllister, whose parents came from Scot- land and settled in Columbia County, N. Y. John McAllister pur- chased his farm near South Lee, Mass., in 1836, and lived there until his death in 1873. His wife, Cynthia Heath, was descended from one of the old families of New England. T}r. McAllister spent his boyhood and early youth on the old Berk- shire County farm, attending the country schools of the neighborhood 152 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. and subsequently for several years the Williams Academy at Stock- bridge, Mass. He was graduated from Williams College in the class of 1863, and then entered the office of his paternal uncle, Dr. Charles McAllister, a noted physician of Stockbridge. He also studied for some time with his brother, Dr. George McAllister. After entering upon active practice, however, his health failed, and he spent several years in travel and recreation. It was during this period, in 1872, that he decided to locate permanently in Spencer, Iowa, where he has since practiced his profession with uninterrupted success. In public as well as in professional life Dr. McAllister has achieved a wide reputation, and in all the various positions he has filled his abil- ity, integrity, and loyalty have won for him the universal commenda- tion of the people. He has always been a Republican. In 1877 he was elected to the State Legislature from Clay County. He erected a handsome $30,000 business block in Spencer in 1888, and in 1897 be- came President of the First National Bank, which position he still bolds. He is a Knight Templar Mason, an Odd Feilow, a member of the Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias, and a communicant of the Con- gregational Church. --> Dr. McAllister was married in 1869 to Miss Laura, adopted daughter of Dr. Charles McAllister, his uncle, who died in 1892, leaving two children: Charles, Jr., born in 1879, died in 1895, and Alexander, born in 1883. In 1898 he married, second, Miss Fannie E. Spencer, of Al- den, Iowa. gºFORGE MARTIN CURTIS, of Clinton, Iowa, formerly a mem. §ººl ber of Congress, was born in Oxford, Chenango County, N. Y., April 1, 1844. His parents, John S. Curtis, a pros- perous farmer, and Elizabeth M. Carpenter, of Massachu- setts ancestry, were both natives of Oxford, Chenango County, the Cur- tis family having moved there from Connecticut. Both were of Eng- lish descent. Mr. Curtis moved with his parents to Ogle County, Ill., in 1856, and there spent his youth on a farm, attending the public school when op- portunity permitted. He also attended the Rock River Seminary at Mount Morris, Ill., and in the winters 1861-62 and 1863-64 taught school at fifteen dollars per month. Thus he earned his first money. In 1864-65 he was a clerk in a store in Rochelle, Ill., later engaging in the coal business at Cortland in that State. He moved to Clinton, Iowa, in 1867, and engaged in the manufacture HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 153 of sash, doors, and blinds, a business he has since followed with marked success, developing it from very small beginnings into one of the most extensive and prosperous of its kind in the West. Associated with him are his brother, C. F. Curtis, and J. E. Carpenter, the firm name be. ing Curtis Brothers & Co. Mr. Curtis has always been a prominent, active, and loyal Repub- lican. He sought enlistment in an Illinois regiment in 1864, for service in the Civil War, but was rejected on physical grounds. His county and district had long been Democratic, and remained so until he redeemed both and secured a Republican majority. In 1887 he was elected by his party in Clinton County to the State Legislature, re- ceiving a majority of 2,200 over his Democratic opponent. He de- feated Walter I. Hayes for member of Congress from the Second Dis-, trict of Iowa in 1894, the vote being: Curtis, Republican, 18,710; Hayes, Democrat, 18,274; Charles A. Lloyd, Populist, 1,573; and N. J. Kraemer, Socialist-Labor, 135. This was a signal victory for Mr. Cur. tis, as the district usually gave a Democratic majority ranging be- tween 6,000 and 9,000. He was reelected in 1896, receiving a much larger vote and majority than before. It is acknowledged that he Was the Only man who could have achieved this Wonderful success. Mr. Curtis made such an excellent record in Congress that he was uni- versally urged to stand for another reelection, but positively de- clined to do so on account of his large business interests, which de- manded his attention. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and has served the party in other important capacities. Mr. Curtis attained the 32d degree in Masonry in 1871, has held the high official positions in the Scottish Rite bodies, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias. As a citizen he is highly esteemed by the entire community. He was married in 1872 to Etta T. Lewis, and has two children liv. ing: George L., born in 187S, and Eugene J., born in 1884. jLBERT BAIRD CUMMINS, of Des Moines, Governor of ''. Iowa, is the son of Thomas L. and Sarah B. (Flenniken) Cummins, and was born near Carmichael’s, Greene Coun- ty, Pa., on the 15th of February, 1850. He is of Scotch- Irish descent. His father was a well known carpenter and contractor. Governor Cummins was educated at Waynesburg College in Greene County, Pa., graduating therefrom in 1869. He began active life as a civil engineer. In the fall of 1869 he moved to Elkader, Clayton Coun- 154 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ty, Iowa, and was successively employed as a clerk in the County Re- corder's office, as a carpenter, and as a clerk and messenger by an ex- press company between McGregor and St. Paul. In 1871 he went to Fort Wayne, Ind., where he rose from assistant surveyor of Allen County to division engineer and assistant chief engineer in the con- struction of the Cincinnati, Richmond and Fort Wayne Railway. The next year he was engineer in charge of the construction of the North ern Central Michigan Railroad between Jonesville and Lansing. This work being completed (in December, 1872), Mr. Cummins entered the law office of McClellan & Hodges, of Chicago, Ill., January 1, 1873, and was admitted to the bar two years later and at Once made a mem- ber of the firm, which was changed to McClellan, Hodges & Cummins, Mr. Hodges soon retired and the other members of the firm carried on the business till 1878, when Mr. Cummins moved to Des Moines, Iowa, and formed a law partnership with his brother, J. C. Cummins. This continued two years, when J. C. Cummins retired. In 1881 Mr. Cummins entered the law firm of which Judge George G. Wright, Thomas S. Wright, and Carroll Wright were members, the firm be- coming Wright, Cummins & Wright. Judge Wright withdrew in 1883 and Thomas Wright in 1886, the latter going to Chicago to be- come assistant general counsel and later general counsel of the Chi- cago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway. The firm for a number of years was known as Cummins & Wright, and enjoyed the largest and most profitable practice in Des Moines if not in the State. They have been the attorneys for some of the most important interests in Iowa, and in fact in the nation, making a specialty of corporation law. They were the attorneys for most of the railway companies having lines in Des Moines, including the Des Moines Union, the Des Moines, Northern and Western, the Wabash, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Chicago and Great Western, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. In 1896 Carroll Wright withdrew and gave his entire time to the Iowa business of the Rock Island. The firm name became Cummins, Hewitt & Wright, the latter, Craig Wright, being a son of the late T. S. Wright. J. P. Hewitt was for several years with Cummins & Wright. Governor Cummins was the attorney for the gas and water companies and many other corporations in Des Moines. In 1881 he took up the fight to break the barbed wire monopoly and succeeded in winning a victory for the unlicensed manufacturers, thus relieving them of pay- ing tribute to the Washburn-Moen Company. This battle, which lasted for five years, was one of the most important legal victories against a monopoly ever won for the public. Governor Cummins has HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 155 been Director in the Des Moines Union, the Des Moines, Northern and Western, and the Des Moines and St. Louis Railway Companies. When he was nominated for Governor he withdrew from the law firm and Carroll Wright resumed his place therein. For years Mr. Cummins has been one of the foremost Republicans of Iowa. He was elected to the Legislature in 1887, took an active part in that body, and gained a high reputation as a trustworthy leader. The Republican State Central Committee made him Tem- porary Chairman of the State convention March 17, 1892, when dele- gates were selected to the Republican National Convention at Minne- apolis, and the effect of his speech upon this occasion was so electrical that it was with difficulty that he prevented the convention from mak- ing him a delegate-at-large. He was, however, unanimously chosen alternate at large, and the Republicans of the State have never lost sight of or ceased to admire him since that day. He was made the head of the Republican electoral ticket in June, 1900, and made a thorough canvass of the State that fall. In January, 1894, he was presented by the Seventh Congressional District as a candidate for United States Senator to succeed James F. Wilson. After a hard contest, in which Congressmen Hepburn, Perkins, and Lacey and At- torney-General Stone were also candidates, the late Hon. John H. Gear, of Burlington, was elected. Six years later Mr. Cummins was again a candidate for the United States Senatorship, but Senator Gear once more secured the election. In 1896, at St. Louis, he was elected a member of the Republican National Committee from Iowa, succeed- ing James S. Clarkson, and in the campaign that followed he was one of the most important factors, being closely associated in the manage- ment of the campaign at Chicago. He is a prominent figure in all Re- publican State conventions, On August 7, 1901, Mr. Cummins was nominated for Governor on the first ballot by the Republican State Convention in Cedar Rapids, and at the ensuing election was chosen by a large majority. Governor Cummins married Miss Ida L. Gallery, of Eaton Rapids, Mich., June 24, 1874, and has one daughter, Kate, wife of Hollis Raw. SOIl. sº OHN NEHEMIAH BALDWIN has been a lifelong resident §§§ of Council Bluffs, Iowa, where he was born on the 9th of July, 1857. His father, Hon. Caleb Baldwin, was for a time Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, was a member of the Alabama Claims Commission, and for 156 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. many years one of the ablest and most distinguished lawyers in the West; he married, in 1848, Miss Jane Barr, a woman of great strength of character, who shared in his notable triumphs and faith- fully performed her part as a devoted wife and mother. Mr. Baldwin received an excellent education in the schools of Coun- cil Bluffs, and when but a boy entered the law department of the State JOHN N. BALDWIN. University of Iowa, graduating therefrom with high honors in 1877, at the age of twenty years. Since then he has successfully practiced law in his native city. He has won distinction at the bar and as a political speaker, and is one of the ablest corporation lawyers west of Chicago. To his firm, Wright & Baldwin, are intrusted the interests of a majority of the corporations operating in Council Bluffs and other cities. Their practice is confined to cases involving large amounts HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 157 , * - - - - - - - and important law questions in all of the State, Federal, and United States Supreme Courts. Mr. Baldwin is attorney for the Union Pa- cific Railroad Company, with offices in Omaha, Neb. The political arena has always held a special charm for Mr. Bald- win, but he has never allowed himself to be a candidate for office. He has used his splendid ability to advance the interests of others, his friends, and the Republican party. He was Temporary Chairman of the Republican State Convention at Des Moines in July, 1894, and delivered a speech that fulfilled all the high expectations of his friends —one that will long be remembered for its beauty of language, strength of ideas, and force. He was selected by the friends of Senator W. B. Allison to present his name to the Republican National Conven- tion at St. Louis in June, 1896, and again he delivered a memorable speech that attracted National attention. In the presidential cam- paign that followed Mr. Baldwin spoke under the direction of the Republican National Committee, visiting several States and deliver. ing a large number of notable Speeches. In 1900 he was Presidential Elector from his district. He stands among the leaders, both at the bar and in the Republican party, and in every capacity has displayed commanding abilities. Mr. Baldwin was married, December 18, 1878, to Miss Lilla G. Hol- comb, and has two children: Genevieve H., born September 20, 1879, and John N., Jr., born March 18, 1888. , , #º IDNEY A. FOSTER, one of the leading citizens of Des : Moines, Iowa, was born in Wirt Township, Allegany Coun- ty, N. Y., on the 17th of May, 1849. His boyhood was spent on the parental farm, where he toiled early and late, enduring with genuine courage all the privations and hardships of a life among the hills and forests which characterized the “Southern Tier " of the Empire State at that time. The loss of his father's for- tune in the panic of 1857 and the death of his mother the next year, when he was only nine years old, threw him largely upon his own re- sources, and naturally developed in him a Strong Spirit of Self-reliance at a period. When most boys are being guided under the tender in- fluences of parental devotion. These early disadvantages, however, produced their lessons, which Mr. Foster learned and followed, and which have served him well in his subsequent career. He attended the country schools, acquired a rugged physique, and when the loss of property and mother left the little family stranded 158 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. he bravely sought such work as a young lad could perform. Being the youngest of six children, he suffered the most of all. He finally secured a partial course at the Friendship Academy in his native county, and later served a brief apprenticeship in a printing office. In 1865 Mr. Foster moved West, and for several years followed such employment as a river raftsman, railroad section man, farm hand, stage driver, etc.—work which physically developed him into a strong, athletic, robust man. He has always been temperate in his habits. Jn 1874 he found himself in Iowa writing county histories for the An- (Ireas Atlas Company, and in this capacity he WTOte WOrks On Du- buque, IFayette, Howard, Mitchell, and Floyd Counties. - Mr. Foster purchased the Mitchell County News at Osage, Iowa, in 1875, which he sold in 1878 to assume the proprietorship of the Worth County Eagle. In 1884 he was elected Chief Clerk of the Twens tieth General Assembly of Iowa. He declined to be a candidate for re- election in 1884 because he had commenced the organization of the IRoyal Union Mutual Life Insurance Company, of which he was the principal promoter and the first Secretary, an office which he still holds. In the Congressional convention of 1886 he declined to become the nominee of the Republicans as their candidate for Congress, and thereafter gave up politics, preferring a business to a political career, He has always been a stanch supporter of the Republican party, how- ever, and for years has taken a deep interest in its welfare. The same year (1886) he moved the Royal Mutual Life Insurance Company to Des Moines, where he has since resided. Since then he has declined several political honors, devoting himself steadily to the development of his company into one of the strongest and best life insurance cor- porations in the West. gºalſ{ANK FINLEY MERRIAM, Auditor of the State of Iowa, is §ºl the son of Henry Clay Merriam and Anna Elizabeth Fin- ley. His father's parents were English, and came to Mas- sachusetts at a very early date. His mother’s ancestors were Irish and settled originally in Virginia, whence they removed to Missouri, locating near St. Louis. Henry Clay Merriam was born at Princeton, Mass., December 18, 1838, and moved to Iowa in 1856. His wife was born February 22, 1843, at Grassy Creek, Mo., and in 1861 moved to Iowa. Frank F. Merriam was born at Hopkinton, Delaware County, Iowa, December 22, 1865, and received his preparatory education in the pub- HISTORY OF THE LEEPUBLICAN PARTY. 159 lic schools of that place. Later he attended Lenox College, graduat- ing therefrom in 1888. From the time he was twelve years old until he was twenty-one he spent the summer months working on a farm, and at the age of eighteen began teaching country school, continuing for three successive winters. After graduation he spent several years in teaching, rising to the position of Superintendent of Schools. Later he was for four years (1893-1897) the owner of the Hopkinton Leader, one of the best newspapers in Delaware County. Mr. Merriam early displayed an aptitude for politics, and upon his majority became an active and earnest Republican. During the four years of his ownership of the Hopkinton Leader he was a member of the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh General Assemblies, including the extra session which codified all the statute laws of Iowa. While a member of the Legislature he was Chairman of the Appropriations Committee of the House, the most important committee in that body, and during the time intervening between the two sessions he was Chairman of the Special Committee from the House which investi- gated all the State institutions of Iowa and reported to the Twenty- seventh General Assembly. This report was made the basis for the introduction of the Board of Control system and the government of State institutions in IOWa. In 1898 Mr. Merriam Was elected State Auditor and was reelected in 1900. He has discharged his duties with acknowledged ability and satisfaction. Though a young man he is well known as one of the ablest Republican leaders in the State. He is Vice-President of the North American Mining Company, and a member of Rising Sun Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of Hopkinton, of Monti- cello Chapter, No. 42, R. A. M., of Monticello, of Myrtle-Capital Lodge, Knights of Pythias, of Des Moines, and of the Grant Republican €lub. Mr. Merriam was married, July 10, 1889, to Miss Elnora N. Hitch. cock. They have had three children: two who died in infancy, and I'rank Howard, who is living. g|AMES CUTLER MILLIMAN, of Logan, for two terms Lieu- iſ tenant-Governor of Iowa, is the son of Francis Milliman and Sally Emily Hunt and a great-grandson on his mother's side of Captain Ziba Hunt, an officer in the Revolutionary Army. His paternal ancestors were Scotch-Irish. Mr. Milliman was born in Galway, Saratoga County, N. Y., January 28, 1847, and spent his early life on the farm, attending the district school in winter and working through the summer months. The habits of his boyhood de 160 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. veloped an indomitable industry and an earnestness of purpose which have influenced his entire career, and which have won for him both success and reputation. His best schooling was obtained by hard knocks and observation. His mother died When he was two years of age, and from the time he was nine years old he has earned his own living, relying upon his sturdy common sense and honesty, and overcoming all obstacles through sheer force and untiring energy. He worked for his board and clothes until he was thirteen and after- ward for twenty-five cents a day or less. - In 1864 Mr. Milliman enlisted as a private in Company E, Forty- sixth New York Volunteer Infantry, and as the result of a gunshot Wound received in front of Petersburg, Va., on September 30 of that year, he lost his left arm above the elbow, Which caused him to be honorably discharged on the 23d of the following December. Mr. Milliman moved west in IFebruary, 1865, and settled in Harri- son County, Iowa, where he taught school and earned the money to attend the State University for two years. At that time there were no railroads in the western part of the State. He was a thorough student while at the university and a member of the Irving Institute, in which he was very active. In November, 1868, he was elected Coun- ty Recorder of Harrison County. He was three times reelected to that office, filling it with ability and satisfaction for eight years. In 1876 he established, with A. L. Harvey, the Harrison County Bank in Logan, and before he retired three years later the institution was operating upon a sound financial basis. Afterward, in 1884, he formed a partnership with Almor Stern and engaged in the real estate, ab- stract, and loan business, which they still conduct. In politics Mr. Milliman has always been a loyal, earnest, and en- thusiastic Republican, and the important positions he has filled attest the confidence reposed in him by his party friends. He was elected to the State Legislature from Harrison County in 1893, and in that body attracted, by his ability and energy, the attention of the Republicans throughout the State, who nominated him on the first ballot as their candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Iowa, the State convention of 1897 being held at Cedar Rapids. He made a brilliant and suc- cessful campaign, especially in his own congressional district, and ran ahead of his ticket in the State, receiving 226,005 votes against 189,473 for B. A. Plummer, the fusionist nominee. As President of the Senate Mr. Milliman won a high reputation. He applied the loftiest principles of common sense and fairness, and gained the ap- proval of the representatives of both parties. In 1899 he was re- HISTORY OF THE HEPUBLICAN EPAETY. , 161 elected to the Lieutenant-Governorship and served a second term with the same credit and approbation. Mr. Milliman has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for thirty years and a member of the Grand Lodge of Iowa for nearly a decade. He is also prominent in Grand Army circles, hav- Ing served as Senior Vice-Commander of the Department of Iowa in 1893 and 1894 and as a member of the Council of Administration dur- ing 1895 and 1896. He was married, November 20, 1870, to Ettie R., daughter of Jacob T. Stern, of Logan, Iowa, who died in 1883, leaving two children: Maude E., born October 15, 1871, and Edith R., born May 25, 1881. In 1886 he married Miss Della S., daughter of Silas Rice, and they have had five children: Eleanor M., born October 8, 1886; Hattie A., born January 15, 1888; Bernice R., born July 19, 1890; Almor S., born December 8, 1894; and Cutler J., born November 28, 1897. ;IOHN BUCHANAN, Postmaster of Eagle Grove, Iowa, is the § son of George and Mary (Thomas) Buchanan, natives of Scotland, who came to America in 1848 and settled at Rip- - ley, Ohio. In 1851 they removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where John Was born on the 22d of August, 1852. The father was a prosperous farmer, a man of ability and enterprise, and highly re- spected by all who knew him. Mr. Buchanan received his education in the public schools of Cedar Rapids, where he resided until 1890. For a number of years he was a bookkeeper in the accounting department of the Northwestern Rail- road Company, and by diligence, industry, and ClOSe attention to busi- ness gained the confidence of both employers and associates. He re- moved to Eagle Grove in 1890, and for six years held the position of bookkeeper in the Citizens State Bank of that place. Politically Mr. Buchanan has been a Republican ever since he cast his first vote. He has taken an active part in party councils and cam- paign work for several years, and in 1901 was appointed Postmaster of Eagle Grove by President McKinley, first to fill a vacancy and after- ward, on December 20, for the full term. He is a Mason, a public spirited citizen, and actively identified with the best interests of the community. In 1876 Mr. Buchanan married Miss Josephine, daughter of John and Louisa Hall, of Leroy, Minn. They have two sons: Robert Earl Buchanan and John Buchanan, Jr. 162 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. #s. ALPH. W. HAYES, editor of the Eagle Grove Times-Gazette, # one of the best weekly papers in that section of Iowa, was born in Bryan, Ohio, on the 29th of May, 1870. His father, Hon. Philip C. Hayes, was a prominent newspaper man and for two terms (1877-81) member of Congress from the Twelfth Congressional District of Illinois, to which State the family had re- moved from Ohio in 1874. His mother's maiden name was Amelia E. Johnson. - Mr. Hayes received a good preparatory education in Illinois, and subsequently entered Oberlin College in his native State, where he completed his studies, standing high in his class. He spent much of his spare time in his father's printing office and thoroughly mastered the trade. In April, 1896, he removed to Eagle Grove, Iowa, and pur- chased the two papers, Times and Gazette, which he consolidated and still publishes under the single title Times-Gacette. He has made this paper a power in local Republican politics as well as a welcome visitor to hundreds of homes, and as its editor and publisher has achieved a high reputation in the community. Mr. Hayes is an earnest, loyal Republican, but has never sought nor held public office. He is a Ma- son, a member of the Typographical Union, and actively identified with other interests in his town and county. October 27, 1892, he married Gertrude A., daughter of Irving W. Pope, of Cleveland, Ohio, and they have two children: Everett P. and Marjorie Hayes. • * g : . . . - - fºLAMES HUTCHINSON FUNK, of Iowa Falls, Iowa, is pre- §§§ eminently a self-educated and self-made man in the broad- est sense of the term. He is the eldest of a family of ten * children of Abraham Funk and Margaret Hutchinson, and was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, February 15, 1842. In his whole life he received but seventeen days of schooling, which he obtained near the place of his birth. He studied evenings, however, and in hard manual labor on the parental farm laid the foundation of a successful Cà.I’ééI’. The family moved to La Salle County, Ill., in 1850, and ten years later he began to teach school, continuing his work on the farm in summer and systematically studying as opportunity permitted. He enlisted as a private in the Union Army in 1862, in what became the Fifty-third Illinois Infantry, was placed on detached service, and at the close of the war received an honorable discharge. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 163 In 1866 Mr. Funk, with his wife, settled on a farm in Livingston County, Ill., but he soon changed this occupation for the law, and upon his admission to the bar in 1871 began active practice in Odell. He at once interested himself in politics and in 1872 was elected Prose. ºuting Attorney of Livingston County, serving for four years. After- ward he was for seven years City Attorney of Odell. By the year JAMES H. FUNK. 1884, when he was compelled to retire from practice on account of ill health, he was the leading lawyer in the county and was prominent in politics as well as at the bar. He resumed farming, served two terms in the Illinois Legislature, and held other offices of trust, in every capacity displaying great ability, sound judgment, and indomitable energy. 164 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. In 1890 Mr. Funk removed to a farm near Iowa Falls, Iowa, where he has since resided, being extensively engaged in horse raising. He owns several large farms in different parts of the State. Mr. Funk has continued to take an active interest in politics, al- ways as a stanch Republican, and has held several important offices. He was elected to the Legislature of Iowa in 1893, was reelected in 1895 and 1897, and was unanimously chosen Speaker of the House for 1898. He was Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly and was Chairman of the Committee on Suppression of Intermperance in the preceding Assembly, introduc- ing and taking a leading part in the passage of the mulct law, which has solved the liquor problem in Iowa. He also took a prominent part in revising the revenue laws and was Chairman of the special committee charged with the investigation of the expenditure of public moneys in the State departments. Mr. Funk has been an active and influential campaigner for the Republican party ever since he entered politics, speaking in different States, loyally supporting the candi- dates, and aiding in shaping the party’s policies. He is extensively interested in real estate, is actively engaged in the practice of law as a member of the firm of Funk & Hutchinson at Iowa Falls, and is gen- eral solicitor for the Des Moines, Iowa Falls and Northern Railroad Company. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a Unitarian in religion, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. August 15, 1862, Mr. Funk married Elizabeth J., daughter of George Gibson, of Columbiana County, Ohio. She died July 3, 1865, leaving One daughter, Lucinda I., now the wife of J. P. Gammon, of Spearfish, South Dakota. I'or his second wife Mr. Funk married, November 7, 1866, Emily J., daughter of Benjamin Gardiner, of Silver Creek, N. Y. They have two daughters: Cynthia A., born October 1, 1867, who Jmarried C. S. Coates; and Edna E., born March 27, 1878, who married L. W. Ball—both of whom live near Iowa Falls, Iowa. ;IOHN LOOMIS STEVENS, lawyer, of Boone, Iowa, known iſ throughout the State as an active Republican leader and public spirited citizen, comes from an old New England family, his ancestors having settled in Massachusetts and New Hampshire early in the colonial period. Thence they removed to Vermont, where he was born, at Northfield, on the 29th of May, 1850. He is the SOn Of Isaac L. and Harriet E. Stevens. He received a public school and collegiate education, finishing his HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN BAERTY. 165 studies at the Iowa State College in Ames. He read law with Clark & Tewksbury, of Belle Plaine, Iowa, and began active practice at Ames in 1874. Four years later (1878) he was elected District At- torney of the Eleventh Judicial District, to which office he was re- elected in 1882. In 1886 and again in 1890 he was elected Judge of the same district. He served in that capacity until 1893, when he re- signed and resumed the practice of law in Boone, where he has since resided. Judge Stevens has achieved wide distinction both as attorney and jurist, being considered as one of the leading members of the legal profession in Iowa. He is endowed with high intellectual attain- ments, with pre-eminent judicial qualities, and with all those sterling abilities which mark the successful lawyer. He has been a trusted Republican leader for more than a quarter of a century, having actively participated in all the political contests in Iowa since 1875. In 1900 he was a delegate from the Tenth Con- gressional District to the National Republican Convention at Phila- delphia. Aside from his large law practice, which occupies his chief attention, he has been for years a prominent factor in important busi- ness enterprises, especially in their organization and development, all of which have proven of great value to the community. Among these are the Ames and College Trailway Company at Ames and the Boone County, the Boone and Marshalltown, and the Ames and Nevada Telephone Companies, and of each of these corporations he served as Iirst President. He is President of the Boone Brick Tile and Paving Company at Boone. As special commissioner of the Interior Depart- ment to adjust the claims of the Des Moines River land Settlers he rendered an important service not only to those actually interested, but to the entire State. He is a member of the lodge, Chapter, Com- mandery, and Consistory of the Masonic fraternity, a member of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (Masons), and a member of the Elks. Judge Stevens was married August 10, 1876, to Rowena Edson, and has six children : Olive, Genevieve, Edith, Imogene, John, and Thad- (leus. *ENRY LEWIS HUFF has been a resident of Eldora, Jowa, § since 1853. He is one of the oldest practicing lawyers in the State, and as a counsellor and in the trial of causes enjoys a wide reputation. He is the son of John Huff, a successful farmer, who died when the son was less than one year old, sº &N §§§ 166 HISTORY OF THE IREPUBLICAN PARTY. leaving a widow, Priscilla (Davis) Huff, who subsequently moved to Mount Eaton, Wayne County, Ohio, and married John Mercer. Mr. Huff was born in Cumberland County, Pa., January 29, 1829, moved to Ohio with his mother, and spent his early life on a farm, at- tending school in the neighborhood and the academy at Edinburg, Wayne County, as circumstances permitted. Deciding upon the law as a profession at the early age of sixteen, he spent all the time he could spare from his other work in the study of Blackstone and Kent, first in the office of James Taylor, of Tredericksburg, Ohio, and after 1852 with Judge March, of Muncie, Ind. He was admitted to the In- diana bar early in 1853 and began practice in association with Mr. Brotherton, then Public Prosecutor of that district. On the 16th of December, 1853, Mr. PIuff settled in Iowa, taking up his residence in Iowa City, and forming a law partnership with J. D. Temple. He removed to Hardin City, Hardin County, in 1855, and practiced with C. G. Ankeny until 1857, when he located in Eldora, having been elected Prosecuting Attorney of Hardin County. He held that position until 1859 and then served one year as County Judge, which office was abolished by the Legislature in 1860. Mr. Huff has been connected with every important criminal case originating in Hardin County, including the famous Rainsbarger mur- der trial in 1885, in which he directed the prosecution. His ability in this branch of the law has brought him into wide prominence and gained for him a reputation as one of Iowa’s most distinguished prac- titioners. He has also achieved a high standing in the ordinary prac- tice of counsellor and adviser. He was elected the first County At- torney of Hardin County under the legislative act creating that office, passed by the Twenty-first General Assembly in 1886, and served in that capacity for three successive terms. At the present time (1902) he is City Solicitor of Eldora. In addition to his extensive law practice Mr. Huff has always de- voted much time to politics and public affairs, and almost every en- terprise in the community has felt the force of his executive ability and untiring energy. He has been a stockholder and Director in the Terra Cotta Fire Clay Company since its organization in 1868, and in that year was the leading factor in the construction of a rail- road from Ackley to Eldora, being at that time President of the El- dora and Steamboat Rock Coal Company. Politically he was first a Democrat. He became a Republican upon the outbreak of the Civil War, and has ever since been a con- sistent, active, and valued supporter of that party. In 1869 he was HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 167 elected to the lower house of the Thirteenth General Assembly of Iowa, where he served on the Judiciary and other important commit- tees during the session of 1870, drawing up all the bills presented by the Committee on Commerce, and working diligently and effectively for the best interests of his constituents. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which met at Chicago in June, 1880, and placed James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur in nomination for the presidency and vice-presidency. He is a Master Mason and attends the Methodist Church. Mr. Huff was married, July 11, 1861, to Elizabeth B. Diven, of Avon, Ill. They have had eight children, of whom five are living: Edwin J.; Cora F.; Thomas D., a lawyer in Chicago; Herbert A., who is practicing law in partnership with his father; and Lulu. The three who are deceased were George FI., Henry L., Jr., and Clyde C. of the enthusiastic Republican leaders of that community, is a lineal descendant of John Pearce, who settled in Rhode Island in 1632, and of John Pierce, a Revolutionary soldier, the latter being his great-grandfather. He is of English extraction. His father, William Pierce, a well known carpenter and builder, was born at North Kingston, R, I., in 1821, married Martha Jane Moore in 1865, and finally settled at Earlville, Delaware County, Iowa. Mrs. Pierce was born in Columbus, Ohio, in 1849, her ancestors, the Moore and Wilson families, being among the early settlers of Virginia. Franklin G. Pierce was born in Earlville, Iowa, on the 7th of De- cember, 1868, but moved to Marshalltown when three years old and has since resided there. He was educated at the Marshalltown high school and State University of Iowa, graduating from the former insti- tution in June, 1886, and from the latter with the degree of Ph.B. in June, 1892. While at the university he became a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, took an active part in athletics, and served as manager in 1890 and captain in 1891 of the football eleven. He was also prominent in literary work, being elected editor-in-chief of the Junior Annual, published by his class. After leaving college Mr. Pierce was engaged in the insurance busi- ness in Marshalltown for several years. In 1895 he took up the more congenial work of journalism, becoming the editor and publisher of the Marshall County Register, which he consolidated in 1896 with the I68 HISTORY OF TELE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Daily Press. He is now President and Manager of the Marshalltown Stone Company and Secretary of the Hawkeye Canning Company. Mr. Pierce has always been a Republican, actively interested in party affairs, and regarded as one of the ablest political leaders in the community. He was elected Mayor of Marshalltown in 1895 and was twice reelected, serving three terms, and declining a fourth nomi- nation, which he was urged to accept. He instituted and brought about many important reforms while in office, and began the installa- tion of a number of municipal improvements and completed many oth- ers. He was Vice-President for Iowa of the League of American Municipalities in 1898. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Knights of Pythias, the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows, the Elks, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Grant Club of Des Moines, the Congregational Church, and other organizations. As a citizen he is public spirited, progressive, and highly respected. Mr. Pierce was married on the 30th of June, 1897, to Miss Nellie M. Loree, of Marshalltown. sº, RYNILD ANUNDSEN, of Decorah, Winneshiek County, §§ Iowa, founder and owner of the Decorah-Posten and Wed Armen, was born in the suburbs of the City of Skien, Nor- way, December 29, 1844. Being outside of the city limits, he did not have the right to attend its schools, and in consequence his early school privileges were limited. He worked with his father at the stone mason’s trade and at other employment until 1859, when he began to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Corre- spondenten in Skien. In 1862-63 he was a sailor between Norway and England. In 1864 Mr. Anundsen’s father provided him with passage to Que- bec, Canada, where he landed with a cash capital, as he says, of “two big copper cents.” He paid his way to Milwaukee, Wis., by helping to unload the vessel on which he crossed the ocean. For two months he worked on a farm in Dodge County, Wis., and on August 1, 1864, he became a compositor on the Faedrelandet, a Norwegian paper pub- lished in La Crosse by Mr. Fleischer, where he remained until 1867, serving in the meantime in Company A, Twenty-second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, from January to July 3, 1865. Mr. Anundsen’s first paper was the Ved Armen (“By the Fireside ’’), HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 169 which he started at La Crosse, Wis., in August, 1866, in association with E. Svendsen, the first six numbers being set up in the Fadrelandet office. This was the first Norwegian literary periodical in the United States, a monthly, and published novels, stories, poems, sketches, etc. Now began the long, trying struggle which was ultimately crowned with success. Mr. Anundsen did much of the work on the Ved Armen after regular working hours, his faithful wife assisting him in sending fhe magazine to subscribers and also earning money at other employ- ment to keep the household going. At the end of the first year he had seven hundred subscribers, and, notwithstanding the advice of wife and friends, the assumption of the sole proprietorship, and the loss of his position on the Fardrelandet, triumphantly announced “that its future is assured '' and further stated that important improve- ments would be made at once. Although he had no money for these changes, and was often delayed in gathering enough funds even for the paper he used, he still had great faith in the enterprise, and per- sistently labored to remove the many difficulties and pecuniary Ob- stacles with which he contended. He bravely went to work in the fall of 1867 as a laborer on the new wagon road between La Crosse and North La Crosse, and in three weeks earned $27 with which he se- sured a C. O. D. order for new type and border. In December he moved the plant and paper to Decorah, Iowa, where the church paper of the Norwegian Lutheran Synod had just been located, and he printed that periodical until 1875. Ved Armen was discontinued in the fall of 1870 on account of financial support, and in January, 1871, he secured the contract for printing the newly established For Hjemmer, still retaining also the church paper until 1877. On September 18, 1874, he founded and issued the first number of the Decorah-Posten, a small four-page weekly paper, which in three months had one thousand paid subscribers at fifty cents a year, and which now has the largest circulation of any Scandinavian publication in the world. His wife all this time was his chief assistant. In 1885 he revived and issued Ved Armen as a supplement to the Posten, and the two have gone forth regularly from a well equipped plant, the Posten being now a semi-weekly. In 1888 it was moved into a large building of its own, and a duplicate printing outfit is maintained in another structure. The Posten is printed entirely in the Norwegian language, is absolutely independent in religion and politics, and en- joys a high reputation for its editorial and typographical excellence. It is a veritable monument to the energy, perseverance, and ability of Mr. Anundsen and his faithful wife, who have labored together 170 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. through trying hours with triumphant results of which they may well be proud. Personally Mr. Anundsen is a Republican, and takes a deep interest in political affairs. He is a public spirited citizen, actively identified with the best interests of the community, and honored and esteemed by hosts of friends throughout the State. yºAVID W. NORRIS, JR., a well known citizen of Marshall- §º town, Iowa, is the son of David W. Norris, a prominent #| Jifelong Democrat. Mr. Norris, however, early espoused * the cause of Republicanism and for years has been a con- sistent, loyal supporter of that party. He is the editor of the Marshall- town Times-Republican, one of the leading Republican weeklies and evening dailies in Iowa, and is President of the company publishing those papers. Although an enthusiastic Republican, and deeply interested in party affairs, Mr. Norris has not taken a very active part in politics, his busi- ness interests demanding and receiving his entire attention. He is an able, fluent writer, a public spirited citizen, and thoroughly identi- fied with the community in which he resides. sº ILLIAM R. BOYD, Postmaster of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and ls one of the editors of the Cedar Rapids Republican, was born in that State, at Lisbon, on the 19th of May, 1864. He is the son of Jasper W. Boyd and Elizabeth Osmond, and de- scends from Scotch ancestry resident in America since 1734. Mr. Boyd was graduated from the State University of Iowa in 1889. He then engaged in teaching school, an occupation he followed until 1891, when he became the editor of the Tipton (Iowa) Advertiser. He continued in that capacity until 1893, since which time he has been one of the editors of the Cedar Rapids Republican. Since 1899 he has also served as Postmaster, having been appointed to that office by President McKinley. He is a Republican in politics, and his services to the party, both as an active worker and in newspaper productions, are notable. In the campaigns he has wielded an influential pen. He is a forceful writer, a stanch supporter of party principles, and respected as a man HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 171 of sterling energies and abilities. He is officially connected with the Republican Printing Company and a member of the Commercial Club of Cedar Rapids. In July, 1896, he married Miss Harriet James. HILLIAM HAMILTON WILSON, lawyer, of Davenport, Iowa, º was born in Beaver County, Pa., on the 4th of December, 1844, his parents being James Wilson and Margaret Mor- ton. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. His early life was spent on his father's farm and in attending the schools of the neighborhood, and in these youthful pursuits he ac- quired a sound constitution as well as an excellent ruli- mentary training. He was graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in 1869, studied law in Mercer, Pa., with Hon. Samuel Grif- fith, member of Congress, and Was admitted to the Mercer County bar in his native State in October, 1871. The same year he moved to Day- enport, Iowa, and at once entered upon the active prae- tice of his profession, which he still follows with marked Sllº (‘eSS. WILLIAM. H. WILSON. Mr. Wilson is an ardent Ire- publican and has always been deeply interested in party affairs, but he has never cared for and never held public office and has never been an officeseeker, preferring to devote his entire time and energies to his large law practice. In the ranks of Republican workers, however, he has contributed materially to the party's success and always sup- ported its principles and candidates. He is a Director and one of the attorneys of the Davenport Savings Bank, President of the Daven- port Loan, Building and Savings Association, and prominently identi. fied with other important interests in the city. 172 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. October 27, 1874, Mr. Wilson married Abbie, daughter of Albourne Oliver, of Lynn, Mass. They have one son living, Charles Harold Wilson, a graduate of Harvard University in the class of 1902. 㺠ELVIN H. BYERS, of Glenwood, a veteran of the Civil War, §ººl Adjutant-General of Iowa, and a prominent Republican leader, was born in Noble County, Ohio, January 12, 1846. I’ive years later his father, John A. Byers, a shoemaker by trade, moved with his family to Beverly, Washington County, in the same State, whence they emigrated in the spring of 1853 to Kansas City, Mo. On June 13 of the latter year they settled in Glenwood, Iowa, and in 1859 they again removed, locating on a farm near that {OWI). - Mr. Byers spent his early life on the farm, attending school in win- ter. On January 4, 1864, When less than eighteen years of age, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, with which he served during the remainder of the war, being mustered out at New Orleans, La., August 10, 1865, and honorably discharged at Pavenport, Iowa, August 25. '. - Returning from the army, Mr. Byers resumed work on his father’s farm and the ordinary duties of civil life. He was married December 1, 1870, to Miss Carrie S. Daniel, and soon afterward was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Mills County courts, which position he held for four years. In 1874 he moved to Tecumcia, Johnson County, Neb., and engaged in the grocery business, but the grasshopper plague so de- moralized trade in that section that he was obliged to sacrifice his stock and return to Glenwood. Here he was in the employ of P. D. Foster & Co. until 1878, when he was elected Recorder of Mills Coun- ty and entered upon the duties of that office, which he filled for six years, declining a reelection. For three terms he was Mayor of Glen- wood. In 1888 he was Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Representa- tives in the Twenty-second General Assembly. He was successfully engaged in the real estate and abstract business in Glenwood for sev- eral years after retiring from the office of County Recorder. General Byers's connection with the Iowa National Guard began April 21, 1879, when he enlisted as a private, and he has been one of its most active and prominent members ever since, rising from its ranks to the position of Major. He was appointed Adjutant-General of the State by Governor Shaw in 1898 and reappointed in 1900, and in that capacity not only distinguished himself as an able executive HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 173 officer and patriotic citizen, but greatly increased the efficiency of the State militia and won the confidence of all its members from private to commander. He rendered noteworthy service in preparing Iowa's quota of troops for the Spanish-American War. In politics General Byers is one of the leading Republicans in the State. He has always taken an active interest in party affairs and a prominent part in shaping its policies and campaigns. He has had six children, all of whom are living: Edith M., born Octo- ber 27, 1872, married, October 27, 1890, Harry B. Dull; Bessie D., born August 20, 1874, married Henry Barnett; Nettie G., born July 19, 1877, married Oren E. Shay; Roscoe E., born December 1, 1879; Ethel J., born September 21, 1882; and Ruby Lucile, born September 20, 1887. gº HARLES FRANKLIN CURTISS, Professor of Agriculture §§§ and Director of the Government Experiment Station at the Iowa State Agricultural College at Ames, was born in Nora, Ill., December 12, 1863, but removed with his parents to Story County, Iowa, in 1865. His mother, Margaret Schmidt, comes from a sturdy German family who settled in Chicago in the early his- tory of that city. On his father's side he is of English descent through a line of Pilgrim colonists of New England. His father, Hon. Frank Curtiss, has been for nearly half a century one of the most prominent and successful farmers of Iowa and has represented Story County in the State Legislature. g * Professor Curtiss attended the country schools of Story County, completed a course at the Nevada (Iowa) High School, and was grad- uated from the Iowa Agricultural College at Ames with high honors in 1887, being President of his class and editor of the college paper. While there he was also prominent in the literary and Greek letter SOcieties. He WOIn honorable distinction in public exercises, and repre- sented his class in debating and oratorical contests, gaining in every connection the respect of his instructors and the admiration of his fellow students. Having lived on the farm all his life except when in college and one year in a bank, Professor Curtiss is essentially a farmer, and through his broad and intimate knowledge of the Science of agriculture has achieved a reputation which extends throughout the United States, into Canada, and even into Europe. He paid his expenses through college largely by raising live stock. In January, 1891, he became an assistant in the Experiment Station at the Iowa Agricultural 174 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. . College, having previously been appointed (1889) the Iowa State Agent for the United States Department of Agriculture, a position he held for four years under President Harrison's administration. After- ward he was elected . Professor of Animal Husbandry and Assistant Director of the Experiment Station, and in this ca- pacity demonstrated his abilities. Under Director James Wilson he was given full Scope for his investigations, which have attracted comment all over the world. He has been a regular correspondent of two leading agricultural papers and his writings have been widely quoted. He is thoroughly practical. His experiments in sheep feed- ing and breeding, cattle feeding, swine breeding, and the beet sugar industry are noteWOrthy. He is a recognized authority On live Stock, an able and entertaining lecturer, and has often been called upon to act as judge at stock shows and fairs in his own and adjoining States and in foreign countries. In 1897 he was unanimously elected by the trustees of the college to succeed James Wilson as Director of the Government Experiment Station, which position he now holds. Professor Curtiss has been a Republican from boyhood, always alive to the interests of the party, loyal in the support of its policies and candidates, and often a delegate to the State conventions. EIe is a prominent Knight Templar Mason, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and a Past Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. - In 1893 he married Olive M. Wilson, of Keokuk County, Iowa, a classmate in college. They have three children: Ruth, born in May, 1894; Edith, born in January, 1896; and Helen, born in September, 1900. #: RLANDO BILLINGS COURTRIGHT, Mayor of Waterloo, § Iowa, was born in Pawpaw, Ill., November 11, 1849, his paternal ancestors being of Holland Dutch descent. On his mother’s side he is of English extraction. His parents, Chauncey G. and Phoebe Jane (Burch) Courtright, moved to Iowa in August, 1859, when he was less than ten years old, and settled in Grundy County. Mr. Courtright received a common school education, studied law, and was admitted to the Iowa bar before the District Court of Butler County in 1878. Since then he has been successfully engaged in the general practice of his profession, having a large business in all the State and Federal courts. He is the senior member of the Well known law firm of Courtright & Arbuckle, of Waterloo, where he resides. Politically Mr. Courtwright is an unswerving Republican, and for HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 175 years has been active in party affairs. At the general election in 1900 he was chosen Mayor of Waterloo to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Attorney-General Mullan, and he was reelected to that office in 1901. He is a Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias. In November, 1872, he married Clara D., daughter of Edwin S. Whitney, of Red Cloud, Neb., and they have had one son, Chauncey Dale, deceased. £ºkº AMES H. ROTHROCK, for many years one of the leading 3 | | Republicans of Iowa, was born in Pennsylvania on June 1, 1829. He was admitted to the bar at Columbus, Ohio, in 1854, and settled at Tipton, Iowa, in 1860. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1861, and was chosen Speaker pro tem. The Speaker, the brilliant Rush Clark, of Iowa City, was in delicate health, and Mr. Rothrock was often called upon to preside, in which capacity he was soon recognized as a man of force and ability. Governor Kirkwood offered him the colonelcy of the Thirty-fifth ſowa Infantry, which he modestly declined, and took the second place in rank. His conduct in the famous but unfortunate charge on the rebel fortifications in front of Vicksburg on May 22, 1863, was warmly commended. Judge Rothrock was chosen to the District Court bench in 1866 and was promoted to the Supreme Court bench in 1876, where he served ably and successfully for twenty years. As citizen, soldier, statesman, and jurist his record is Without a blemish. He was of dis- tinguished personality and manner, and retained through life the friends who from time to time he attracted. He died at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, January 14, 1899. tº AMES GUEST BERRY HILL, of Des Moines, Iowa, son of || Charles H., has been a lifelong resident of the State, hav- ing been born in Iowa City on the 5th of November, 1852. - His ancestors came from England at an early day and set- tled in Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia, where they were prominent in civil and commercial affairs. Charles H. Berryhill, his father, was born in Harrisburg, Pa., in 1818, and when twenty years of age moved to the Territory of Iowa, settling in Johnson County, near Iowa City, Where for many years he Was engaged in the mercantile and real 176 HISTOIRY OF THE IREPUBLICAN I’AIRTY. estate business. He became one of the prominent citizens of John son Cºunty and led a life of great usefulness. James G. Rerryhill attended the public schools and a collegiate course at the Iowa State University, from which he was graduated in 1873. He then entered the law (lepartment of the same institution, graduating therefrom in 1876. The following year he located in Des Moines, where he at once engaged in active practice. Not long after JAMES G. BERRY HILL. his arrival at the State capital he formed a partnership with George F. Henry, which still exists under the firm name of Berryhill & Henry. They do a large business and rank high in the profession. Mr. Berryhill is also interested in various commercial enterprises through: out the State which demand considerable of his attention. He has been honored with several official positions of trust and re- sponsibility. In 1885 he was elected to the Iowa General Assembly HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN DARTY. 177 and in 1887 was reelected, serving two terms from the Thirty-seventh District. He proved an able and efficient legislator and labored ear- nestly for the interests of the people, winning the regard and confi- dence of all whom he represented. During his first term he was ap- pointed Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, one of the lmost in Iportant bodies of the session. That committee did most ex- cellent work and saved the State $810,000, appropriating $612,000, including the general appropriations bill, where $2,550,000 had been asked for. To the Chairman and a few other members of the com- mittee much credit is due for the large amount which they saved to the State, while none of it was at the expense of Iowa State institu- tions. The reelection of Mr. Berryhill testified to the satisfaction which his course in the legislative hall afforded those most interested. In his second term he organized the legislation of railroad matters and performed effective labor in behalf of the farming population of the State. He has been an earnest and prominent leader in the Re- publican party giving of his time to campaigning and serving as a delegate to county, Congressional, and State conventions, Mr. Berryhill married Virginia J., daughter of Christian W. Slagle, a lawyer of eminence well known in the State, President of the Iowa State University in 1877-78, and Regent of that institution for many years. She is a native of Iowa. =sº AMUEL JORDAN RIIRIXWOOD, War Governor of Iowa, and § later United States Senator, was born in Harford County, Md., December 20, 1813. His parents were Scotch-Irish, and settled in this country prior to the War of the Revolu- tion. When ten years old he went to Washington, D. C., to attend a School conducted by his uncle, John McLeo, where he remained four years. He then entered a drug store as clerk and afterward taught school in York County, Pa. In 1835 he settled in Richland County, Ohio, and assisted his father and brother in clearing up a farm. In 1841 he began the study of law in the office of Judge Thomas W. Bartley, of Mansfield, and in 1843 he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio held in Cincinnati. He entered into partner. ship with Judge Bartley, which continued for eight years. From 1845 to 1849 he served as Prosecuting Attorney of Richland County. He was a member of the Ohio State Constitutional Convention at Co- lumbus 1850. In the spring of 1855 Mr. Kirkwood moved to Iowa and settled upon 178 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. a farm near Iowa City. Here he engaged in milling and farming un- til the breaking out of the War in 1861. In 1856 he was elected to the State Senate and served through the last session in Iowa City and in the first in the new capital at Des Moines. At this last session the Legislature adopted the System of State banks, the Safety of Which has been practically proven. In 1859, he was elected Governor over the Democratic candidate, A. C. Dodge, and in 1861 he was reelected to that office. As Governor of Iowa during the darkest days of the Re- bellion he performed an important duty, reflecting much credit upon himself and the State. His administration during those trying times Was bold, economical, and Successful. Each quota of troops was so promptly filled that no draft became necessary. During his guber- natorial term, in 1862, he was nominated by President Lincoln as Minister to Denmark and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, but on being notified declined to accept until the expiration of his term. His privilege to accept was held open until the expiration of his official term as Governor, but he finally declined the appointment, his private business requiring his immediate attention. Relieved from his public position, he returned to his business in Iowa City. Here again he was sought after, and in January, 1866, was appointed to the unexpired term of Mr. Harlan in the United States Senate, where he remained through two sessions. In 1875 he was again elected Gov- ernor, and the next year United States Senator. Politically he was a Democrat, but during the Kansas-Nebraska struggle he abandoned that party, and from that time was a stanch supporter of Republican principles. In 1881 he resigned as United States Senator to enter President Garfield's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, serving in that capacity about one year. He married, in 1843, Miss Jane Clark, a native Of Ohio. He died in 1884. ;|AMES W. GRIMES, LL.D., of Burlington, one of the most dis- iſ tinguished citizens of Iowa and a founder of the Republican party, was born in the Town of Deering, N. H., October 20, 1816. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, his ancestors emi- grating to this country from the north of Ireland, to which place they had previously removed from Argyleshire, Scotland. In early child- hood Mr. Grimes had a decided taste for learning. He attended the district school, studied Latin and Greek under the instruction of the Village parson, and completed his preparation for college at the Hamp- EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 179 ton Academy. He entered Dartmouth College in August, 1832, and upon leaving that institution in 1835 commenced reading law with James Parker, of Peterborough, N. H. He left his native home in 1836 and moved to Burlington, Iowa, then a new town in what was known as the Black Hawk Purchase. Here he opened an office and soon established a reputation as a rising young lawyer. In April, 1837, he was appointed City Solicitor and assisted in drawing up the first police laws of the town. He was ap- pointed a Justice of the Peace in 1838 and became a law partner of William W. Chapman, United States Attorney for Wisconsin Terri- tory. In the early part of 1841 he formed a partnership with Henry W. Starr, which continued for twelve years. Mr. Grimes was chosen one of the Representatives to the first Legis- tive Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, which convened at Burlington on the 12th of November, 1838. He was also a Representative to the Sixth Assembly at Iowa City, December 4, 1843, and to the Fourth General Assembly of the State, December 6, 1852. He was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in the House of the first Legislative As- sembly of the territory, and all laws passed through his hands. In February, 1854, Mr. Grimes was nominated by a convention of the Whig party for Governor of the State and was elected. He as- sumed the duties of the Office in December of that year. Soon after his election it was proposed that he should be sent to the United States Senate, but he made it understood that he should fill the term of office for which he had been chosen, and he served his full term to the entire satisfaction of all parties. Up to the time of his election as Governor Democracy reigned supreme in the territory. The Representatives in Congress were allies of the slave power. But after he was elected Governor he gave his Whole Soul to the Work, and it may be truly said that he made IOWa. Republican and allied it With the loyal States. On January 25, 1858, he was nominated by the Republican caucus for United States Senator. He took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1859, and was placed on the Committee on Naval Affairs on the 24th of January, 1861, on which he remained during the rest of his Senatorial career, serving as Chairman from December, 1864, and giving close attention to all matters referred to that body. Mr. Grimes voted for the Pacific Railroad bill on the 20th of June, 1862, and for establishing the gauge of the road from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean at four feet eight and a half inches on the 18th of February, 1863. On the 16th of January he was again chosen United States Senator from Iowa for six years from March 4, 1865. 180 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY: receiving the votes of all of the members of the General Assembly but Six. - He received the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1865 from Dartmouth College, and also the same degree from Iowa College. He aided in establishing a public Library in Burlington, and was otherwise active in promoting the growth of the place. He spent two years abroad (1869-71), and died in Tebruary, 1872, of heart disease. He married Miss Elizabeth Sarah Neely, of Burlington, Iowa, November 9, 1846. sº ALTER I. SMITH, a prominent IRepublican leader and mem- * * 3| ber of Congress from the Ninth District of Iowa, was born July 10, 1862, in Council Bluffs, where he still resides. He received a COmmon School education, Studied law in the office of Colonel D. B. Daily, and was admitted to practice in December, 1882. He was elected Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District of Iowa in November, 1890, and reelected in 1894 and in 1898. He was elected, in November, 1900, to the Fifty-sixth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Smith McPherson, receiving 27,153 votes to 20,229 for S. B. Wadsworth, Democrat, and 11 for Taylor, Prohibition, and was reelected to the Fifty-seventh Congress by about the same vote. The Ninth District, which he represents, comprises the nine counties of Adair, Audubon, Cass, Guthrie, Harrison, Mills, Montgomery, Pottawattamie, and Shelby. †HOMAS HEDGE, member of Congress from the First District *Nº of Iowa, has been a lifelong resident of that State, having been born in the town of Burlington on the 24th of June, 1844, when Iowa was still a territory. He was prepared for college at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., graduating in 1861, and was graduated from Yale College in 1867 and from Columbia College Law School, New York, in 1869. He served as a private in Company E and as Second Lieutenant in Company G, One Hundred and Sixth New York Infantry, in 1864 and 1865. Mr. Hedge has been successfully en- gaged in the practice of law in Burlington, Iowa, from 1869 to the pres- ent time. He was elected to the Fifty-sixth Congress, receiving 17,817 votes to 14,568 for D. J. O’Connell, Democrat, and 456 for J. W. Glas- gow, Prohibitionist, and was reelected to the Fifty-seventh Congress HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 181 from the First District of Iowa, comprising the seven counties of Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Lee, Louisa, Van Buren, and Washington. fºLAMES HARLAN, at one time United States Senator from §§§ Iowa and Secretary of the Interior, was born August 26, 1820, in Clarke County, Ill. His parents, Silas and Mary (Conley) Harlan, were farmers, natives of Pennsylvania and Maryland respectively, and early emigrated to Warren County, Ohio, and thence to Illinois. The progenitor of the family in this country came from England and settled in South Carolina, moving thence to Pennsylvania. The maternal grandfather of Senator Harlan was a soldier in the Revolutionary Army. Silas Harlan moved with his family to Park County, Ind., when James, his second child, was three years old. There the son remained until his twenty-fifth year. He received his education at Asbury University in Indiana, graduating in 1845 with the highest honors. Mr. Harlan moved to Iowa City, Iowa, in 1846, having been ap- pointed Principal of the Iowa City College, the predecessor of the State University. He read law, was admitted to the bar about 1848, and practiced until 1853, when he was elected the first President of the Iowa Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant. Two years later, in 1855, he was elected to the United States Senate, and resigned the presidency of that institution and also the chair of mental and moral sciences. He had made stump speeches in favor of General Taylor in 1848, and had declined the candidacy for State Senator in 1849 and the Whig nomination for Governor of Iowa in 1850—which shows that he was thus early a prominent factor in State politics. Mr. Harlan’s first speech in the United States Senate was on the admission of Kansas, and made on the 27th of March, 1856. He had prepared it with great care, and it deeply impressed the older members of the Senate. On the 12th of January, 1857, the Senate, by a party Vote, resolved that “James Harlan is not entitled to a seat as a Senator from Iowa.” This vote was based on the following facts: The Senate and House of Representatives of Iowa agreed to go into joint session to elect a Senator. After the joint session had met and adjourned from day to day for some time it was discovered that the Whigs were about to be successful, and the Democratic Senators absented themselves for the purpose of preventing an election. A quorum of the joint Session met, however, and a clear majority of both houses elected Mr. Harlan. Two years afterward the matter was 182 IIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. brought up, on the protest of the Democratic members of the Senate, and Mr. Harlan was ousted. But he repaired immediately to Iowa City, where the Legislature was in session. He arrived one day, was reelected the next, returned to Washington, and was resworn and resumed his seat on the 29th of the month—a triumph worth all the cost. r" He was reelected in 1861, and resigned on the 15th of May, 1865, to take the office of Secretary of the Interior, to which President Lincoln had appointed him about a month before his assassination. There was a striking fitness in placing Mr. Harlan at the head of the Interior Department. His previous position on the Senate Committees on Public Lands, Indian Affairs, the Agricultural Bureau, and the Pacific Railroad had familiarized him with much of the details of his labor in the Cabinet. Mr. Harlan was again elected to the Senate for a third term in January, 1866, and on the 1st of September following resigned the portfolio of the Interior Department. On the 4th of March, 1867, he took his seat in the Senate and served his full term. When Mr. Harlan first entered the United States Senate the Demo- crats had control of the committees, and he held minor positions. A little later, when the Republicans came into control, he was a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Subsequently he was Chairman of the Committees on Indian Affairs and the District of Columbia. After he became Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands he exerted a powerful, even a controlling, influence in shaping the policy of the Government in disposing of the public domain in such a manner as to advance the public interests of the frontier settlers and especially the cause of education. He did a noble work on the Committee on Agriculture. Mr. Harlan was originally a Whig, and as such was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction of Iowa in April, 1847. The term was for three years, but by some political legerdemain the election was at length declared void and he was ruled out at the end of one year. He was a member of the so-called Peace Congress of 1861, be- ing appointed by Governor Kirkwood. From 1882 to 1885 he was presiding Judge of the Court of Commis- sioners of Alabama Claims. FIe was an eloquent speaker of great power, a statesman of wonderful practical wisdom, and endowed with all those eminent intellectual qualities which distinguish the successful leader. For years he was one of the great National leaders of the Republican party. The wife of Mr. Harlan was Ann Eliza Peck, of Maysville, Ky. They were married in October, 1845, and of four children whom they HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 183 had only one, Mary E., the wife of Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, of Chicago, son of President Lincoln, is living. Mr. Harlan died October 5, 1899, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. ºf RANCIS SPRINGER, eminent alike as a lawyer, jurist, and §ºl founder of the Republican party, was born in Maine on the 15th of April, 1811, and died at his residence in Columbus Junction, Louisa County, Iowa, October 2, 1898. Financial reverses and other circumstances separated him from his family when he was eleven years old, and for about ten years thereafter he made his home with a farmer in Stratford County, N. Y., by whom he was treated as an adopted son. He worked on the stony farm five or six years. The facilities he had for an education were limited to the winter schools. Afterward he attended a term at the Rochester Academy, at the close of which he received a certificate of qualifica- tion for teaching school. He received $10 a month for his services in the first school, boarding around among the families of his pupils. He continued school teaching in the winter time and keeping up his studies until he returned to Maine in 1833, when he commenced the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1838. While pursuing his law studies he acted as assistant editor of the Portland Courier. After his admission to the bar he concluded to “go west and grow up with the country.” He arrived at Burlington, Iowa, in December, 1838. The territory of Iowa had been organized in July of that year. The first territorial legislature was in session in the building known as the “Old Zion Church.” After spending a week in Burlington, and becoming acquainted with the members of the Legislature, he located in Wapello, Louisa County. He and a Mr. Thomas, who had accom- panied him from Portland, Me., were the first lawyers of the town. They were engaged in forty cases in the spring term, 1839. In the summer of 1840 Mr. Springer was nominated by the Whig party for the Council for the Counties of Louisa and Washington, for the Third Leg- islative Assembly, and was ejected. This was the first office held by him in the new territory. He served in the Fourth Legislative Assem- bly and was elected again for the Fifth and Sixth. The constitution was adopted in August, 1846. The first State election was held Oc- tober 26th of that year. He was elected to the State Senate from the Counties of Louisa and Washington, and served in the First General Assembly and in the extra session of 1848. He was regarded as the best parliamentarian in the Senate, and the President, Dr. John J. 184 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Selman, having served with him in the First General Assembly, fre- Quently called him to the chair. He was a model presiding officer, well informed as to the rules governing the body, and always knew the busi- ness before the Senate. The Second General Assembly convened December 4, 1848, and ad- journed the 15th of January, 1849, having been in session forty-four days. Senator Springer, in the summer of 1849, and again in 1850, was appointed Special Agent of the PostOffice Department to go to Wisconsin postoffices, collect the money belonging to the government, and transfer it to St. Louis. In May, 1854, he was appointed by Presi- dent Fillmore Register of the Land Office at Fairfield, Iowa, and served until May, 1855. Later he retired to his farm, near Columbus City. In 1854 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Louisa County, and on the death of Judge Wright Williams he became ex-officio County Judge. He was elected in 1855 County Judge of Louisa County. He was a delegate in 1856 to the Philadelphia convention, held in June of that year, being the first National convention of the Republi- can party, and was one of the Vice-Presidents of that notable gather- ing. Prior to this he was an active member of the Whig party. He was elected at the November election in 1856 as a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention held in Iowa City in January, 1857. He was elected President of the convention before he arrived, without opposi- tion, receiving the Republican vote. Elected in 1858 to the office of District Judge for the First District, he was reelected in 1862, and again in 1866, and served until November, 1869. The late Judge George G. Wright spoke of him as “one of the best misi prints judges he had ever known.” He resigned the judgeship in 1869 to take the office Of Collector of Internal Revenue for the First Collection District of Iowa, and served in this office until the fall of 1876. The offices held by Judge Springer, commencing with the Legis- lative Assemblies in the territory before the constitution of 1846 was adopted, and afterward as a member of the Senate of the First and Second General Assemblies, were positions of great importance, in which he took an active and influential part, always doing what he believed to be right. He felt a deep and abiding interest in all matters of legislation before the Senate. He was one of the prominent men of the State, all his associates having a high regard for him. The mem. bers Of the Constitutional Convention of 1857 were unanimous in stating that he performed his duty as presiding officer impartially to the entire satisfaction of every member. Every duty he discharged with fidelity and strictly according to the law. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 185 In December, 1842, he was married to Miss Nancy R. Colman, who died in New Mexico, while on a visit to her son Frank, November 12, 1874. She was the daughter of Hon. John M. Colman, of Iowa City, a highly respected citizen of that place and well known in the new State Of IOWa. ºf AMUEL MERRILL, seventh Governor of Iowa, was the § seventh child and fourth son of Abel and Abigail (IIill) Merrill, and the first of the large family to be born in the State of Maine, as distinguished from the District of Maine, State of Massachusetts. He was descended in the seventh generation from Nathaniel Merrill, who came from Salisbury, England, with his brother John, and settled in Newbury, Mass., about 1636. His mother was a descendant of Peter Hill, an English immigrant of 1653, who settled at what is now Biddeford, Me. Samuel's grandfather, Abel Merrill, whose wife was Elizabeth Page, was a soldier of the Revolu- tion. Samuel's native town was Turner, in the County of Oxford. When he was sixteen years old he removed with his parents to Buxton, York County. Attending and teaching school by turns occupied his time until he reached his majority. When twenty-five years old he went into mercantile business with an older brother, Jeremiah, who became a resident of Des Moines. Mr. Merrill removed to Iowa, where his brother had preceded him, and they opened a branch of the Tamworth house. Here, too, success attended the enterprise of the brothers. A few years later, when the State Bank of Iowa was organized, they were instrumental in estab- lishing one of its branches at McGregor, which is still in existence as a National bank. Of the State bank Samuel Merrill became the Presi- dent, as he was subsequently of the National bank. In 1859 Mr. Merrill was elected a Representative in the Eighth Gen- eral Assembly of the State. Among the members of that body was Nathaniel B. Baker, who had been Governor of New Hampshire when Mr. Merrill was a member of the Legislature of that State. The Legislature in which Representative Merrill sat met a second time to devise measures to assist the general government in the war that had been begun by the slaveholding interests. The measures deemed necessary had throughout the hearty support of Mr. Merrill, who was always a working member. But it was in another direction that his services at this time were of most value. The first regiments raised in Iowa had to be clothed. The Federal government could not then supply them; and, while the State undertook to furnish what was 186 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. needed, it was without money or credit. Then, it was that the subject of this sketch, with others, came forward with patriotic ardor, and advanced the money with which the clothing for the regiments that first went into the service from Iowa was obtained. The following year (1862) Governor Kirkwood tendered Mr. Merrill the colonelcy of the Twenty-first Iowa Volunteer Infantry, which he accepted. The regiment spent the fall and winter in Missouri. The next year it was in the advance at Port Gibson, and at Black River Bridge Colonel Merrill was so severely wounded that he was honor- ably discharged four months later. He was reinstated, however, in December, returned to his regiment, but finally in May, 1864, was com. pelled to leave the service on account of disability. In 1867 Colonel Merrill was nominated for Governor Of IOWa. On the fourth baliot, and was elected. He filled that office with distinguished ability, and in 1869 was re-elected by the largest majority received by any Governor of Iowa up to that time. He broke the ground and on November 23, 1871, laid the cornerstone of the new State capitol at Pes Moines. When he became Governor he was satisfied that the time had come when the Governor of Iowa must give practically his entire time to the duties of the office. He accordingly made the seat of government his residence, turning over the management of his extensive interests to others, and entered upon the discharge of his duties with determina- tion to make that his business while he held the governorship. It thus happened that he was the first executive of the State to make the capi- tal his home during his term of office. Just before the convening of the Thirteenth General Assembly Governor and Mrs. Merrill gave a public reception, the first gubernatorial reception in the history of the State. Upon retiring from office Governor Merrill engaged in the banking business and became President of the newly organized Citizens National Bank at Des Moines, Iowa, which position he held for many years. He gave much attention to matters of general financial con- cern. At a meeting of bankers of the country held at Chicago he advanced the idea that the amount received by the government from taxes on deposit should be held as a general fund to secure depositors in those banks. Finally he removed to California, making his home at Los Angeles, where he died on the 31st of August, 1899. His remains were brought to Des Moines. Governor Merrill was married three times. His first wife, to whom he was united in 1847, died fourteen months after marriage. He was married in 1851 to Miss Hill, who was the mother of his children. His HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN I’AIRTY. 187 third wife was a resident of California. Two children survived their parents: Harriet (Mrs. Craig) and Jeremiah H. ...] ACOB A. CONERD, a prominent citizen and Postmaster of º Atlantic, Cass County, Iowa, was born in Franklin Grove, t| Lee County, Ill., August 8, 1854. His parents, George and * Mary Conerd, respectively of Scotch and German descent, were natives of Bedford County, Pa., moving to Illinois in 1844. They _- º JACOB A. CONERD. were possessed of sterling qualities and became prominent in the com- munity where they resided. Mr. Conerd acquired a common school education in his native town and spent his early life on the farm, where he developed a sound con- stitution which has served him well in the active affairs of life. From 188 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1872 to 1884 he learned and followed the blacksmith’s trade. He then became the manager of a large wholesale poultry, butter, and egg establishment and continued in that capacity for eight years. Later he was for two years a travelling solicitor for a wholesale prod- Ulce house. All his life Mr. Conerd has been a stalwart Republican, carrying his first torch for Grant when only a boy, and from that time to the present wielding an important influence in party affairs. His services in the campaigns have been of the highest value. As Chairman of the Republican County Committee of Cass County in 1896 he managed the local McKinley campaign so successfully that a majority of 719 was obtained for the Republican ticket—an unusual majority for the county. He was commissioned Postmaster of Atlantic by President McKinley, June 12, 1897, and recommissioned by President Roosevelt, December 16, 1901, and is now serving his second term in that office. Mr. Conerd is a public spirited citizen, active in the affairs of the com- munity, and highly respected as a man of ability, integrity, and enter- prise. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of ElkS. He was married, November 22, 1877, to Miss Elizabeth Chronister, of Hampton, Pa., and has one daughter, Grace May Conerd. a ULIAN PHELPS, lawyer, of Atlantic, Iowa, is descended Nº from an old New England family, and was born in South Hero, Grand Isle County, Vt., April 4, 1838. His father, the late William E. Phelps, was one of the prominent men of his town and county, especially active in all educational affairs, a prosperous farmer, and the owner of a large tract of valuable land near Milton in the Green Mountain State. His mother, Ursula, a native of Grand Isle in Lake Champlain, was a member on her moth- er's side of the Stark family and a relative of General Stark, of Revo- lutionary fame. On both sides Mr. Phelps is of English descent, his ancestors coming over in the colonial period. He was fitted for college at the South Hero Academy, then under the direction of Rev. O. G. Wheeler, whose influence over his pupils was remarkably wholesome and enduring. In the autumn of 1860 he entered the University of Vermont and there continued his studies until the early spring of 1864, when he enlisted in the Union Army, graduating with his class, however, under the rules of the institution, which gave to its senior students that privilege. As a member of HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 189 Company K, Eleventh Vermont Volunteers, he participated in the battle of Cold Harbor, where he sustained a wound which sent him to the hospital at Burlington. He recovered in time to attend the grad- uating exercises of his class in June, when he delivered his oration in uniform. Returning to the front, he was present at Appomattox and the surrender of General Lee, and at the close of the war was honor- ably discharged. - Mr. Phelps began the study of law with Hon. Daniel Roberts, of Burlington, Vt., and in October, 1866, entered the Albany (N. Y.) Law School, from which he was graduated in 1867 and admitted to the bar. In the autumn of that year he moved to Lewis, Cass County, Iowa, and formed a copartnership with Judge Henry Temple. The partners removed to Atlantic upon the removal of the county seat to that place, and continued the association until the fall of 1887, when Frank O. Temple, son of the senior member of the firm, was admitted under the style of Temple, Phelps & Temple. This name remained unchanged until the death of Judge Temple, when it became Phelps & Temple. During his entire career at the bar Mr. Phelps has maintained a high reputation for ability, learning, and probity of character. In politics he is also a prominent figure. Casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln for President in 1860, he has always affiliated with the Repub- lican party, and for many years has been one of its trusted leaders. He was elected to the State Senate in November, 1893, from the Eight- eenth Senatorial District of Iowa, and in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly introduced and secured the passage of the act prohibiting the manufacture and sale of cigarettes in the State. His influence was felt in all important legislation during that session. In 1897 he was appointed United States Consul at Krefeld, Germany, and served four years. He is a prominent member of Sam Rice Post, G. A. R., of Atlantic, a communicant of the Congregational Church, and one of the most respected men in the community. In 1869 Mr. Phelps married Miss Mary A. Case, daughter of A. A. Case, of Atlantic, Iowa. She died in 1870, leaving a son, whose death Gccurred soon afterward, and on September 22, 1872, he married her sister, Persis M. Case. gº OHN M. KEMBLE, of Muscatine, United States Internal *Nº Revenue Collector for the Southern District of Iowa, is the son of Amos and Jane (Appel) [Kemble, both of whom still reside in Muscatine. The family is well known, especially in Southeastern Iowa, and for half a century has been actively identi- 190 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN FARTY. fied with both public and business affairs in the commonwealth. Mr. Remble was born on the 11th of April, 1856, in Oskaloosa, where his brothers have been for many years the most extensive florists, espe- cially in the line of roses, in the State. He was graduated from the Oskaloosa High School on May 7, 1875, and from that time until he was twenty-three was engaged with his fathers and brothers in the market gardening and fruit and vegetable canning business, theirs being the first canning factory established in Iowa. During the last five years of this connection he was a part- ner and foreman of the concern. In 1880 the family moved to Musca- tine and operated a canning factory there for Some time, John M. Remble, however, removing after the first year to Kansas, where he spent about twelve months in recuperating his health. Two years later (1882) he entered the law office of H. J. Lauder, of Muscatine, as a student, being admitted to the bar in 1883. In the fall of 1883 Mr. Remble began the active practice of his pro- fession in Wilton, Iowa, where he soon demonstrated his ability as a counsellor and advocate. Six months later he sold his office and pre- pared to remove to Washington Territory, but ill health prevented him from carrying out this plan, and in 1885 he returned to Musca- tine, formed a law partnership with Allen Broomhill, and once more entered upon active practice. This association continued until 1890, after which Mr. Kemble practiced alone for two years, when he formed a copartnership with C. C. Horton, of Muscatine, which continued for four years, the firm name being Kemble & Horton. He is now asso- ciated with his brother, C. W. Kemble. They not only conduct a large law practice, but also carry on a successful real estate, loan, and in- surance business. Mr. Kemble has taken an active part in politics ever since the cele- brated Cutts-Weaver congressional campaign, when he was a boy in Oskaloosa. He has always been a Republican of the stalwart type. In 1885 he was Secretary of the Republican County Committee of Muscatine County. The next year he was chosen Chairman of that committee, and continued to hold the position for several years. He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee from the Second District of Iowa from 1887 to 1898, being elected for the fifth consecutive term without opposition. During that period he was in- strumental in revolutionizing the politics of the Second District, then popularly known as the “Orphan District,” so-called by the Repub- licans because it was the only sure, hopeless Democratic congressional district in the State, not even a county office being held by a Repub- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. I91 lican. The Republicans were not organized. The district had a Democratic majority of about 9,000, and contributed nearly all the Democratic members of State institution boards. Mr. Kemble quick- ly effected a close organization, harmonized and united the discordant elements, secured the recognition of the 14,000 Republicans in the dis- trict, sent delegations to State conventions which voted solidly for State officers, and otherwise raised the Republican elements of the district to a sound, self-respecting, and successful working basis, carry- ing it in 1894 into the Republican column by electing Hon. George M. Jurtis, of Clinton, to Congress, over Judge Walter I. Hayes, Demo- crat, who had represented the district for ten years. Mr. Curtis was reelected in 1896 by about 3,400 majority. Mr. Kemble himself never sought nor accepted office until a va- cancy was caused in the State Railway Commission by the death of Captain John W. Luke, when he was a candidate for appointment and later (1896) for the nomination. He failed in both instances, however, although he made an unusually strong canvass. In the same year he was appointed, without solicitation on his part, Collector of Internal Revenue, receiving the unanimous endorsement of the Iowa delegation in Congress. In this capacity he has manifested his eminent fitness for official trust and sustained the confidence reposed in him by hosts of political and professional friends. He was married, June 20, 1889, to Miss Eva Waggoner, of Oska- loosa, Iowa, and has four children: Hettie M., born June 10, 1891; Harold J., born June 20, 1894; Mildred H., born September 27, 1896; and Charles A., born September 9, 1900. 㺺l DWARD A. DAWSON, of Waverly, Bremer County, member §ººl of the Iowa Board of Railroad Commissioners, is the son of Edward Dawson, a farmer near London, England, who came to this country When a young man, settled in New- ton Falls, Trumbull County, Ohio, and there married Miss Catherine Ferns, the only child of a prominent physician and Surgeon. She was born near Dublin, Ireland, and came to America when thirteen years old. - Mr. Dawson was born in Newton Falls, Ohio, March 22, 1853, and moved with his parents to Rockville, Delaware County, Iowa, in 1855. The next year they removed to a farm in Butler County, where his mother died. Afterward the family moved to Cedar Falls, where two of Edward Dawson's children, Miss Maggie and Fletcher Dawson, I92 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. reside, his other sons being William, a farmer and stock dealer in But- ier County, and George W., a lawyer in Waterloo, Iowa. Edward A. Dawson remained on the farm and attended district school until 1872, when he entered the Upper Iowa University at Fayette. He completed the regular two years' course, graduating in 1872, and after Ward spent four months at the Bayless Business Col- lege in Dubuque. He read law with Gray, Dougherty & Gibson, of Waverly, was admitted to the Iowa bar in the fall of 1877, and at once began the active practice of his profession, forming the next year a law partnership with O. A. Cali and E. R. Carr. Mr. Carr soon retired and Mr. Call (lied, and Mr. Dawson continued the business of the firm alone until 1881, When he associated himself with Dwight T. Gibson under the present firm name of Gibson & Dawson. For twenty years or more this has been the leading law firm in Waverly. Mr. Dawson has been retained, usually by the defense, in nearly every criminal case in Bremer County since his admission to the bar, and in this depart- ment of the law enjoys a reputation equalled by few lawyers in the State. He has also been connected with many important civil cases. Always a Republican, Mr. Dawson has long been active and influen- tial in the politics of Iowa, and especially in the Third Congressional District. He was County Attorney of Bremer County for a time and a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1888. He was appointed by Governor Jackson a member of the Iowa State Railroad Commission to fill the unexpired term of John W. Luke, who died in December, 1895, and was elected to that office in 1896 and again in 1899, being nominated the last time by the Republican State Con- vention without opposition. In ali these capacities he has displayed eminent ability and excellent judgment. Mr. Dawson is a prominent Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and a Vestryman of Saint Andrew’s Episcopal Church of Waverly. He was married in San Diego, Cal., May 8, 1889, to Miss Miriam E. Ware, whose parents resided in Waverly, Iowa, for many years. They have one daughter, Dorothy, born in 1896. *ILLARD H. TORBERT, the prominent wholesale druggist of }}| Dubuque, Iowa, descends from an old New York family of physicians and pharmacists. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Torbert, M.D., was Health Officer of the Port of New York under Governor Daniel D. Tompkins. His father, the late Dr. H. G. Torbert, of Camden, Oneida County, N. Y., was one of the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 193 most distinguished practitioners of medicine in his day. His mother was the daughter of Joshua Ransom, M.D., also a noted member of the medical fraternity, while both her grandfathers, Captain Elihu War- ner and Lieutenant Joshua Ransom, were distinguished soldiers in The American Revolution. Among Mr. Torbert's other prominent ancestors were the McCreas, McNairs, Lieutenant Burrows, of Revolu- WILLARI) H. TORBERT. tionary fame, and General Torbert, who distinguished himself in gal- lant service through many engagements of the Civil War. Mr. Torbert was born in Camden, Oneida County, N. Y., prepared for college in Falley Seminary in Fulton, N. Y., and completed his education at Princeton University in New Jersey. His earlier ex- perience as a druggist was in Syracuse, N. Y. Afterward he engaged 194 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. in the drug business in Adams, Jefferson County, in that State, and in 1864 went to Dubuque, Iowa. In 1868 he became a resident of that city, purchasing an interest in the drug store established by Dr. Timo- thy Mason in 1836—the oldest establishment of its kind in Dubuque Or in the State. Later he became its sole proprietor, and soon broad- ened its trade into one of the largest among Western drug houses. Its Wholesale business extends over several Western States and Terri. tories. In 1880 Mr. Torbert was instrumental in securing a modifica. tion of the State laws regulating the sale of liquor by pharmacists and in securing the repeal of the obnoxious features. In 1888 he was elected President of the State Jobbers and Manufacturers Associ- ation, and again found an active field for the exercise of his diplomatic abilities. He was a potent factor in securing the enactment of a law regulating rates between the railroads and shippers of the State, which placed Chicago and Iowa jobbing points on a parity. In 1888 he was elected President of the Iowa State Pharmaceutical Association, and in 1889 he was unanimously reelected for a second term—an honor never before extended to any member in the history of the association. At meetings of the association in New Orleans and Louisville he was a recognized leader and champion of the interests of the retail drug- gists of the country. The Pharmaceutical Era said on this occasion : In selecting him as chairman of the committee to represent the retailers in the tripartite conference in the further and final execution of the Apha plan it may be confidently stated that the retail druggists have a wise, true, and faithful friend at court, as Mr. Torbert never spares time or effort when the interests of the retail druggists are at stake. Mr. Torbert is a prominent member of the National Wholesale Drug- gists Association and of the Iowa Society of the Sons of the Revolu- tion. His ability and influence as a member of the Interstate Retail Druggists League and as the Iowa representative of the State Execu- tive Committee have met with wide recognition. He is thoroughly familiar with political methods, an earnest and eloquent speaker, and an engaging conversationalist. He has been mentioned in connection with many distinguished public positions, which he would have filled with ability and honor. He has been sought frequently by the Republican party, with which he is prom- inently identified, as a candidate for Governor, but he is too thor- oughly devoted to his important business interests to neglect them for a political career. He was President of the Dubuque Commercial Club, and is now President of the Dubuque Jobbers and Manufac- turers Union. He was Vice-President of the American Pharmaceu- tical Association, the largest body of pharmacists in the World. Mr. Torbert was married, January 2, 1868, to Mary E., daughter of HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 195 Rev. R. R. and Mary (Doxtater) Kirk. They have one daughter, Mary T., now the wife of Major Glen Brown, of Dubuque, Iowa. Hº ILLIAM BIRNEY MARTIN, of Greenfield, Secretary of the āşşâl State of Iowa, was born in Rochester, Windsor County, Vt., March 17, 1846. His paternal ancestors were Scotch, and *_s_º -------- were early pioneers of the Green Mountain State, his father, Loman Martin, a prosperous farmer of sturdy integrity and amiability, being born in 1808. His mother, Amanda B. Gibson, born of English ancestry in 1810, was a woman of great strength of char- acter. Mr. Martin was reared on the farm and attended the district school from the early age of three years until he was twelve, after which he studied during the winter months until he reached the age of seven- teen. He then entered the Orange County Grammar School at Ran- dolph Center, Vt. At the age of eighteen he began teaching school and “boarding around,” and he continued to alternately teach and study for three years. In 1867 Mr. Martin moved to Henry County, Ill., where he remained two years, farming in summer and teaching winters. He removed to a piece of raw prairie land in the northern part of Adair County, Iowa, in April, 1869, and continued to teach and farm for four years longer. In the autumn of 1873 he was elected County Auditor of Adair Coun- ty, to which office he was afterward reelected, serving two terms. He then engaged in the real estate, loan, and abstract business in Green- field, which he has since conducted with marked success. During the first eight years he was in partnership with L. J. Gray. In politics Mr. Martin has always been a stanch and active Repub- lican. He was Mayor of Greenfield in 1890, and afterward was elected to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth General Assemblies of Iowa, each time by handsome majorities. As a member of the House Com- mittee on the Suppression of Intermperance in the Twenty-fifth Gen- eral Assembly he prepared and secured the passage of the famous “Martin Mulet Law,” which embodies the peculiar taxation feature of operating as a prohibitory measure where people desire prohibition, and as a local option law where the sentiment is such that prohibition can not be enforced. In the Twenty-sixth General Assembly, during both the regular and special sessions, Mr. Martin was Chairman of the Building and Loan Committee, and the bill introduced by him was used as the basis of the new law. He was defeated in 1897, for Repre- 196 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. sentative to the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, on account of local complications. Three years later, in August, 1900, the Republican State Convention nominated him for Secretary of State on the third ballot, and at the ensuing election he received the largest majority ever given to any State officer in Iowa. He entered upon his duties as Secretary of State in January, 1901. In this as well as in every other capacity he has displayed eminent ability and Won a high reputation. He is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Martin was married, September 13, 1871, to Miss Lucy E. Derby, a native of New York, and they have had six children: Clara A., born in 1872, married John N. Langfitt; Clyde B., born in 1874, who died young; William B., Jr., born in 1876; Fred D., born in 1878; Clive G. born in 1881; and Carleton E., born in 1886. - - y zººloRACE MANN TOWNER, of Corning, Adams County, Dis. Pºl trict Judge of the Third Judicial District of Iowa, was born in Belvidere, Ill., on the 23d of October, 1855. He is the son of Rev. John L. Towner, a native of New York and a prominent clergyman, and K. B. TOWner, his Wife, a native of Massa- chusetts. Judge Towner attended the public schools of Belvidere and Chicago, teaching and studying alternately, and thus earning the means to continue the preparation for his life work. He was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1880 and at once began active practice in Corning, where he has since resided. - Bringing to his professional work a broad and accurate learning, eminent ability, and great energy and industry, he soon took high rank as a successful advocate, and early in his career displayed those ster- ling judicial qualifications which have repeatedly been recognized and bonored by the people of his district. In 1890 he was elected District Judge of the Third Judicial District of Iowa, and was reelected in 1894 and 1898, running several hundred votes ahead of his ticket each time, and in 1894 being endorsed by the Democrats in addition to re- ceiving the regular Republican nomination. He has twice been re- nominated by acclamation. Judge Towner has always been an earnest, loyal, and enthusiastic Republican, active in the councils and conventions of his party, and Gne of its trusted leaders. His popularity among his party friends is attested by the fact that no opponent has been put forward in either of the two conventions in which he was renominated for the district EHISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 197 judgeship, and also by the fact that when Judge John S. Woolson died in 1899 he was the leading candidate to succeed him on the Federal bench. The congressional delegation was unable to agree, however, and Congressman Smith McPherson received the appointment. As a jurist Judge Towner has won a high reputation. He is a man of fine literary ability, possessed of splendid musical talent, and well known as a musical composer. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and a public spirited citizen. In 1887 he was married in Corning, Iowa, to Miss Harriet Cole, and they have two children. sº ILLIAM LEROY ROACH was born August 10, 1863, in Mus. §§| catine, Iowa, where he still resides, his parents, William Martin Roach and Cella Mary Davidson, having settled there in the early history of the place. He was educated in the common and high schools, standing high in his classes and ex- celling in mathematics. During vacations and Saturdays he worked hard, and thus put into practical operation the knowledge he had ac- quired in school hours. * Mr. Roach began business in a small way, establishing the Musca. tine Sash and Door Company, and by industry and energy has built up a large and successful trade. He is now one of the best known lumbermen in the West, manufacturing all kinds of sash, doors, blinds, mouldings, interior furnishings, etc. He is President, Gen- eral Manager, and the principal stockholder of the company. Politically Mr. Roach has always been an earnest and active Repub- lican. He was prominent as a speaker in the campaign of 1894, when PIon. George M. Curtis was elected to Congress from the Second Dis- trict, and himself might have had the Congressional nomination in that year and again in 1898, but declined to accept it, preferring to work for others instead. In 1897 he was appointed Postmaster of Musca- tine. He was Temporary Chairman of the Tepublican State Conven- tion at Des Moines in 1900, and deiivered before that body one of the strongest speeches ever uttered in Iowa. In the same year he was for the third time offered the Republican Congressional nomination, but again declined. He has made numerous effective campaign speeches throughout Eastern Iowa, and is recognized as one of the party's ablest and most influential leaders in his district. Mr. Roach is very fond of good books and owns a large and valuable library, which includes many first editions. He is a prominent Mason and 198 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. also a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Maccabees, and the Sons of the Revolution. In every capacity he has displayed abil- ity of the highest order united with sound judgment, untiring energy, and faithful devotion to duty. Mr. Roach was married on the 21st of February, 1887, to Margaret E. McCarthy, and has had four children: John, Edward, Robert, and James, of whom the latter died in childhood. fºLBERT H. HUBBARD, of Sioux City, Iowa, lawyer and State tº Senator, is the son of Hon. Asahel W. Hubbard and Leah Pugh, natives of Connecticut and Ohio respectively. Hon. Asahel W. Hubbard was one of the most distinguished lawyers and jurists of his time. In 1856, two years after the death of his wife, he moved from Indiana to Iowa, and at Once became prom- inent in State affairs, serving as Judge of the Fourth Judicial District from 1858 to 1862 and as a member of Congress from 1862 to 1868. In these and other important positions he exhibited great native abil- ity as well as a broad and accurate learning, and always maintained the confidence and respect of hosts of friends. Elbert PI. PIubbard was born in Rushville, Ind., August 19, 1849, moved to Iowa with his father in 1856, and received his early educa- tional training under tutors, subsequently matriculating at Yale Col- lege, New Haven, Conn. Returning to Sioux City, Iowa, he studied law in the office of C. R. Marks, was admitted to the bar in 1874, and was associated with his preceptor in active practice until 1878. After- ward he practiced alone until 1881, when he formed a copartnership with E. B. Spalding under the name of Hubbard & Spalding, which iater became Hubbard, Spalding & Taylor. In 1890 Mr. Hubbard be- came a member of the firm of Wright & Hubbard. In 1896 Mr. Call entered the firm and the name was changed to Wright, Call & Hub- bard. Mr. Hubbard has been engaged in many important cases and has always enjoyed a high standing at the bar. He is a man of ac- knowledged ability, of untiring industry, and respected by all who know him. As a Republican of the stalwart type Mr. Hubbard has long been prominent and active in politics. He served as a member of the Nine- teenth General Assembly of Iowa in 1882, and in 1899 was elected to the State Senate, and in both positions took a prominent part in im- portant legislation. ERNEST. L. HOGUE. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. I99 Mr. Hubbard was married, in 1882, at Sioux City, Iowa, to Eleanor H. Cobb, and has four children: Elbert H., Jr., Charlotte, Lylla, and Eleanor. LEXANDER HARTWELL GRISELL, editor of the Guthriam, of Guthrie Center, Iowa, was born of Scotch ancestry in Hanover, Columbiana County, Ohio, June 18, 1849, his father being a prominent lawyer and Republican leader of that State. He is the son of Thomas E. Grisell and Mary Wireman, and in early life moved with them to Upper Sandusky, Ohio, where he received a thorough high school education. In 1880 Mr. Grisell removed to Guthrie County, Iowa, and purchased a farm upon which he remained for three years. He then (1883) en- gaged in the newspaper business, and at the present time is the editor and proprietor of the Guthrian, a weekly paper which under his able and vigorous management has become a power in the community. It is a strong and influential advocate of Republican principles, and, like its editor, a leader in party affairs. Mr. Grisell has attended the Re- publican State and congressional conventions for years, and for a time served as Chairman of the Guthrie County Republican Committee. He was Postmaster of Menlo, Iowa, for two terms, beginning in 1889, and is now a member of the Iowa State Board of Agriculture. In these Capacities, in business affairs, and in his labors as an editor he has displayed great executive ability, untiring energy, and all those broad intellectual attributes which distinguish the successful man. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Knights of Pythias. October 13, 1872, Mr. Grisell married Clara, daughter of George T. Frees, of Wyandotte County, Ohio. They have had four children: Planch, Thomas, George, and Helen. º RNEST LINCOLN HOGUE, of Blencoe, Iowa, son of Craw- Fºl ford and Jane (Case) Hogue, was born in Monroe County, in that State, on the 31st of August, 1861. His father, a native of Pennsylvania, moved to Belmont County, Ohio, when a small boy, and thence in 1858 to Iowa, where he still resides, his home being in Monona County since 1883, he having lived for sev- eral years previously in Warren County. He has long been a prom- inent contractor, builder, and farmer, 200 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Hogue was educated in the common schools of Warren County. He was connected with his father in contracting and building until he was twenty-three years of age, and since then he has successfully fol- lowed business operations alone, being now engaged in farming, stock raising, and dealing in grain. He owns four hundred and eighty acres of land and carries on a large and successful business in these differ- ent lines. - During the last eight years Mr. Hogue has been prominent and ac- tive in politics, as a Tepublicaia, and now (1902) represents the Thirty- fourth Senatorial District in the Iowa State Senate, being the first Republican elected in the district for that office in twenty-eight years. He is a member in that body of the Committees on Ways and Means, Agriculture, Charitable Corporations, Federal Relations, and Public Lands. As a citizen he is honored by all who know him, and in every capacity he has displayed great executive ability and unquestioned in- tegrity. He was married, June 8, 1890, to Emma, daughter of James Case, of Monona County, Iowa, and they have had four children: Lawrence, Frank C. (who died young), Leonora, and LOuis. sº ARIEN BECKWITH, an old and prominent resident of § Mount Pleasant, Iowa, a veteran of the Civil War, and a Republican ever since the organization of the party, was born in Monroe County, in Western New York, on the 21st of January, 1833. His ancestors came originally from England in 1635 and settled in Connecticut. His parents, George L. and Sarah (Winslow) Beckwith, emigrated to the Genesee Valley in the early settlement of that part of New York. Mr. Beckwith received a good academic education in Monroe Acad- emy and Lima Seminary, after which he entered an engineering corps then engaged in locating the route of the Genesee Valley Railroad. He continued in that capacity during the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, gaining a wide practical knowledge of surveying. In the fall of 1854 he went to Kansas, but in the spring of 1856 returned east to Iowa and be- came an engineer on the Chicago, Purlington and Quincy Railroad, continuing in that employment until 1860. He removed to Texas in July of that year, taking with him a “drove’ of sheep and cattle, but the outbreak of the Civil War early in 1861 compelled him to abandon this enterprise and return North. HISTORY OF THE IREPUBLICAN PARTY. 201 In September, 1861, Mr. Beckwith, fired with the patriotism of his New England ancestry, enlisted in Company C, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, for service in the Union Army, and for four years he participated in some of the fiercest conflicts of the Rebellion. He was with General Curtis in Southwestern Missouri and in Arkansas until the spring of 1862, and took part in other campaigns in the Southwest till April, 1863, when his regiment joined Grant's forces at Vicksburg. In WARREN BECR WITH. March, 1864, he went to Memphis with the army, and remained there about one year, having been made Captain of his company in 1863, Captain Beckwith was honorably discharged and mustered out at Davenport, Iowa, September 11, 1865, after four years of active duty at the front, and upon returning home again entered the employ of 202 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad as roadmaster. He bridges under the consolidated system until 1879, when he resigned on account of poor health. Afterward he engaged in contracting and manufacturing, becoming identified with the Western Wheel Scraper Company, of Aurora, Ill., and the Clay Ballast Company. The latter corporation manufactures ballast for railroads. He is also engaged in stock raising, making a specialty of Hereford cattle and fine thorough- bred horses: Politically Mr. Beckwith has been an ardent and uncompromising Republican since the organization of the party. He has always been a Worker, a liberal contributor to campaign objects, and a stanch sup- porter of the party's policies and candidates, rendering in this respect valuable service to its cause. In 1900 he was a delegate to the Repub- lican National Convention at Philadelphia which nominated William McKinley for President. He is a public spirited, patriotic citizen, prom- inent in all the affairs of the community, and esteemed and respected by a wide circle of friends, whose confidence he enjoys to an unusual degree. - Mr. Beckwith was married in April, 1863, to Luzenia W., daughter of Colonel A. B. Porter, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. She died in March, 1880. They had five children: Everett, born in February, 1864; Or. ville, born in February, 1867; Emily, born August 8, 1869; Florence, born in April, 1872, died in 1896; and Warren W., born in 1874. Mr. Beckwith was married, second, to Sarah E. Porter, on the 18th of November, 1882. gº BSALOM H. GALE, a popular citizen and banker of Mason # City, Iowa, is the son of Thomas K. Gale and Ann Att- wooll, who came to this country from Portland, England, in 1852. The family settled in Iowa Falls, where Thomas was for many years a successful contractor and builder. Mr. Gale was born there on the 28th of February, 1862, and received a good public school education in Mason City, afterward attending the Iowa State University. He followed civil engineering with the Union Pacific Railroad for about three years. He then entered the City National Bank of Mason City, with which he has been associated for about fifteen years, being elected to his present position as Cashier in 1901. This bank is one of the strong financial institutions in the State, and has a capital of HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 203. $50,000 and a surplus of the same amount. Its other officers are H. A. Merrill, President; J. E. E. Markley, Vice-President; and George W. Hill, Assistant Cashier. Mr. Gale is an active Republican, prominent in party and campaign work, and has been a delegate to county and State conventions for several years. He was a delegate to the National Republican Con- vention at Philadelphia in 1900, and for three terms has been Chair- man of the County Republican Committee of his county. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Masonic fraternity, the B. P. O. Elks, the Foresters, the Master Woodmen of America, and the M. B. A. K. K. In every capacity he has displayed great enterprise, industry, and sound judgment. He was married, September 8, 1892, to Mabel, daughter of Thomas Emsley, of Mason City, Iowa, and has one son. tº ILTON REMLEY, lawyer, of Iowa City, Iowa, since 1874, was *Nº born in Lewisburg, W. Va., October 12, 1844. His pa. ternal ancestors came to this country from Germany before the Revolutionary War, settling in Pennsylvania, whence his grandfather, who was then a young man, moved to Virginia about 1780. His father, Rev. James Remley, was a well known clergyman of the Baptist denomination. James married Jane C. Alderson, daughter of Colonel George Alderson, a soldier in the War of 1812, whose ancestors came over from England in the seventeenth century and lived in Virginia for several generations. Rev. John Alderson, grandfather of Colonel George Alderson, moved to Greenbriar County itfter the Revolutionary War, and for years was a well known minister of the GOSpel. Milton Remley moved to Iowa. When a boy. He was graduated from the Iowa State University in 1867, was admitted to the bar in 1868, and practiced his profession at Anamosa from that time until 1874, when he removed to Iowa City. For twenty-eight years he has been an active and successful lawyer in that place, steadily building up a large clientage and gaining a high reputation. He is a stockholder in three banks in the county and prominently identified with public affairs. Although he has been actively interested in politics from early life he has never sought political office, devoting himself instead to the law and making that his business. This unswerving attention to pro- 204 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. fessional Work has won him unusual success and honor in a career of peculiar usefulness. He has, however, attended most of the Repub- lican State Conventions during the last thirty years and taken an active part in their proceedings, often rendering valuable services in shaping policies and campaigns. He was a delegate to the Repub- lican National Convention at Chicago in 1888 and elector-at-large for Iowa in 1892, and elected Attorney-General of the State in 1894, 1896, and 1898. During his three terms in the Attorney-General's office there were one special and three regular sessions of the General Assembly, and many important measures were adopted, including the new code of 1897, which made his position one of great responsi- bility and importance. He filled it, however, with ability, honor, and satisfaction, and retired with a record of which any man might well feel proud. * * - - - Mr. Remley is a member of the Baptist Church, was for four years President of the Iowa Baptist Convention, and is now (1902) President of the Board of Trustees of Des Moines College. He is also a member of the Grant Club of Des Moines and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. As a citizen he is universally esteemed and respected for those sterling qualities which win success and honor in positions of irllSt. September 8, 1869, Mr. Remley married Miss Josephine Dennis, who has borne him four children: Hubert Remley, editor of the Iowa Citi- zen; Mrs. W. D. Lovell, of Des Moines; George E. Remley; and Alice Remley. The eldest three are graduates of the State University of Iowa. ; : DWIN CLAY ROACH, lawyer, of Rock Rapids, Iowa, is the śl son of Rev. James Porter Roach and Jane Cassell. His paternal ancestors emigrated originally from Ireland to France and thence to America, while those on his mother's side came direct from Germany. His father was a prominent minister of the Gospel. Mr. Roach was born in Abington, Knox County, Ill., December 31, 1850, but moved to Iowa when a boy, and has since resided in that State. He was educated at Oskaloosa College and the Iowa State Uni- versity, graduating from the law department of the latter institution in 1875 with the degree of LL.B. In June of the same year he was ad- mitted to the bar at Iowa City. He practiced his profession in Jasper County from the time of his admission until 1882, when he moved to Lyon County, where he formed a copartnership with J. W. Ramsey. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 205 In 1898, in connection with Mr. Ramsey and F. L. Sutler, he organ- ized the Iowa Savings Bank at Rock Rapids, now one of the substan- tial savings institutions of the State. As a Republican Mr. Roach has been active and influential in politics for many years. He has been a delegate to every Republican State Convention since 1885, and in 1896 was a delegate to the National Re- publican Convention at St. Louis. He was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives in the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Gen- eral Assemblies, and took a prominent part in the business of those bodies, being Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in the House of the Twenty-second General Assembly. He is a member of the lodge, Chapter, and Commandery of the Masonic fraternity, a public spirited citizen, and thoroughly identified with every important object which has the welfare of the community at heart. * Mr. Roach was married, December 31, 1875, to Mary A. Ramsey, of Jasper County, and they have four children: Lorin J., Lena, Rollin E., and Paul. #|AMES L. BRACKEN, a prominent banker and enthusiastic # Republican of Tama, Iowa, is a representative of one of the earliest families settled in Kentucky. He is of Scotch descent, the son of Andrew T. Bracken and Mary L. Cook, and was born in Portland, Whiteside County, Ill., October 17, 1844. He received a good public school and academic preparatory educa- tion, and for a time was a student at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In August, 1862, Mr. Bracken enlisted in Company C, Seventy- fifth Illinois VOlunteers. He Served under General Thomas in the Army of the Cumberland until the close of the war, when he was hon- orably discharged and returned home. For a year thereafter he taught school, thus putting to practical test the theories and princi- ples he had imbibed in study. In 1868 he moved to Iowa, locating at Tama, where he has since resided. For twenty-three years he was successfully engaged in the grain and stock business. Since then he has been engaged in banking, and is now President of the First Na- tional Bank of Tama, which has a capital of $30,000 and a surplus of #72,000. Mr. Bracken is an able, enterprising business man, possessed of sound judgment and great executive energy, and enjoys the confi- dence of the entire community. He is a Republican in politics, but has never sought Office. 206 JäISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. He was married in July, 1878, to Nettie Adams, a native of Portage, Wis. They have two children: Alice and T. J. Bracken. 㺚 BRAHAM BENJAMIN FUNK, the popular Republican §§§ leader of Spirit Lake, Iowa, was born on a farm near Lib- erty, Adams County, Ill., in 1854, and when eleven years # old (1865) moved to Iowa with his father, Solomon. In 1872, having acquired a good practical education, he moved to Spirit Lake, where he has since been one of the leading citizens in both pub- lic and business affairs. I’or many years he has been the editor and publisher of the Spirit Lake Beacon, one of the best and strongest IRe- publican newspapers in that section of the State. He is the second oldest, if not the oldest, editor in point of continuous service in the Eleventh District. Politically an active and influential Republican, Mr. Funk is re- garded as one of the ablest leaders in Iowa, and for a number of years has been Conspicuous in campaign, convention, and committee work. In 1888 he entered the State Legislature as a member of the Senate. During the first session he was Chairman of the Printing Committee, which was instrumental in securing a great reduction in rates in the office of the State Printer. The work of the Committee that win- ter has saved the State large sums of money. In his legislative Work he made it a point to have any measures he favored carried through the committee rather than in his own name, and, for the most part, as committee bills, being Willing to sacrifice his own personality in order to be effective. It is interesting to note the real progress that followed this course. In the Twenty-fourth General Assembly the Democrats controlled the Senate; in the Twenty-fifth Senator Funk was made Chairman of the Committee on Suppression of Intemperance. That it was a difficult matter to make any headway may be judged from the fact that twenty-seven senators, at the beginning of the session, signed their names as being against any modification of the law, and yet some lasting work was accomplished. In the Twenty-sixth General Assembly Senator Funk was appointed to the important post of Chair- man of the Committee on Ways, and Means, and this he held for three sessions. It was his bill that, for the first time, lined up the express companies for a taxation, which was doubled the next session. Some Ways and Means bills which became laws, and whose influence have been felt, were the Revenue bills, the Board of Control bill, and the Collateral Inheritance bill. For three sessions the Ways and Means HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 207 Committee, under the leadership of Senator Funk, was not, for a sin- gle time, reversed by the Senate. Some of the bills had many con- tested amendments, but every one supported by the committee re- ceived the support of the Senate. Senator Funk started a movement also to cut off the distribution of public documents through the mem- bers of the General Assembly and to place it in the hands of the Secre- tary of State, a plan which has greatly reduced the expense and proven much more satisfactory. According to reliable authority Mr. Funk is the only man, with the exception of William Larrabee, who has ever been elected to the State Senate of Iowa three terms in succession, and he could have had a fourth nomination (equivalent to an election) had he not positively de- clined it. His popularity was evident at the Emmetsburg convention, where enough votes were voluntarily thrown to him to secure his nomination for a fourth term if they had been supplemented by those from his own county, the delegates from which were his warm per- sonal friends. He had instructed the home delegation, however, not to vote for him. This large personal following together with his popularity throughout the Eleventh District serve to make Mr. Funk a strong candidate for any office in the State, including the governor- ship, for which he has been strongly urged. He was married in 1878 to Miss Dena Barkman, a native of Spirit Lake, Iowa. They have three children: Touise, Benjamin, and Dorothy. tº OSHUA GIDDINGS NEWBOLD, of Mount Pleasant, former- §§§ ly Lieutenant-Governor and Governor of Iowa, was born in Fayette County, Pa., on the 30th of May, 1830, his ances- * tors being Quakers, or Friends, of English extraction on his father's side and of German descent in his mother's line, her maiden name being Catherine Houseman. His paternal grandfather, Barzilla Newbold, was born near Trenton, N. J. His father, also named Barzilla, owned a mill in connection with a farm, where the first eight years of Governor Newbold’s life were spent. But in order to secure better advantages for the children the family moved to West- moreland County, Pa., and there young Joshua aftended the public and select schools until he reached the age of sixteen, when he returned with his parents to Fayette County and settled near the present City of Fayette. There he assisted his father in a flouring mill, taught school, and studied medicine, which he later abandoned, however, in favor of the law. He entered the office of Hon. Joshua Howell, of 208 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Uniontown, Pa., and there pursued his legal studies until the Spirit of westward emigration led him to cast his fortunes with the develop. ment of the great Northwest. - Removing to IoWa in 1854, Governor Newbold settled on a farm near Mount Pleasant, but a year later located on another farm in Cedar Township, Van Buren County, where he was engaged in agri- cultural pursuits and in the mercantile business. Soon after the outbreak of the Civil War he left his farm in the care of his wife and his store in charge of a partner, and in September, 1862, enlisted in Company C, Twenty-fifth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, of which he was elected Captain. He was attached to the Army of the West, served about three months as Judge-Advocate with headquarters at Wood- ville, Ala., took part in the expedition against Vicksburg, participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Lookout Mountain, and Ringgold, and Was With Sherman in his famous march to the sea. In April, 1864, he resigned on account of disability and was honorably discharged and mustered out of service. - After returning from the war Governor Newbold resumed his mer- cantile business and a little later reengaged in farming and stock raising. He also engaged in the practice of law, which he has con- tinued to follow except when interrupted by official duties. He has always been active in politics, casting his first presidential vote for Winfield Scott and joining the Republican party at its birth. After serving as a Justice of the Peace and member of the Board of Supervisors in Van Buren County he was elected to the State Legis- lature in Henry County, and served with honor and credit in the Thir- teenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth General Assemblies. As Chair- man of the Committees on Schools, Appropriations, and Ways and Means he performed conspicuous service, and as Temporary Speaker of the House in January, 1874, during a two weeks' deadlock, he dis- played ability of a high order and won a wide reputation. When Hon. Samuel J. Kirkwood was elected Governor Mr. Newbold was chosen Lieutenant-Governor by the Republicans of the State, and upon the resignation of Governor Kirkwood to accept the United States Sena- torship Lieutenant-Governor Newbold succeeded him as chief execu- tive, taking the gubernatorial oath February 1, 1887. He filled the unexpired term with great acceptability. He was elected to the lower House of the Eighteenth General Assembly, and thus served four terms in that body. In 1882 he was elected Mayor of Mount Pleasant, where he resides, and was reelected to that office in 1898 and again elected for a third term. Governor Newbold has filled every position HISTORY OF THE EREPUBLICAN PARTY. 209 with ability, fidelity, and satisfaction, and has always sustained a high reputation throughout the State. He is an Odd Fellow, a member of the Presbyterian Church, and active and influential in all the affairs of the community. He was married May 2, 1850, in Fayette County, Pa., to Rachel, daughter of Robert and Mary Farquhar, and they have had five chil- dren, two of whom are living: Mary Allen, wife of B. F. Isaman, of Aurora, Neb., and Emma Irene, wife of Butler Buchanan, of North Platte, Neb. - zººl ESLIE MORTIER SHAW, LL.D., of Denison, formerly Gov. #| ernor of the State of Iowa and now Secretary of the Treas. ury in President Roosevelt’s Cabinet, was born in Morris- town, Vt., November 2, 1848. At the age of twenty-one he removed to the West, where by his own efforts he obtained a good education. He was graduated from Cornell College, at Mount Ver- non, Iowa, in 1874, and from the Iowa College of Law in 1876, paying his expenses by teaching school and selling fruit trees to the farmers. Much of his early life was spent in agricultural pursuits. In July, 1876, after his admission to the bar, he engaged in the practice of the law at Denison, Iowa, and from that time until his elec- tion as Governor he enjoyed a successful career in his profession. It is a noteworthy fact that during the twenty years of his residence in Denison no case ever came to trial between the business men there. He did not take any particularly active part in politics until the McKinley campaign of 1896, when he placed bis services at the disposal of the Republican organization and made a tour of the State, delivering numerous addresses. The high reputation which he every- where won during that stirring contest led to his nomination for the Governorship by the Republican State Convention in 1897. He was elected, receiving the largest vote ever cast in the State for a Repub- łican Governor. In 1899 he was renominated by acclamation, and his reelection followed by a doubled plurality and a quadrupled ma- jority. He made an excellent record as Iowa's chief executive, espe- cially during the war with Spain, and became a National character. On December 25, 1901, he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Roosevelt to succeed Hon. Lyman J. Gage, resigned, and entered upon the duties of that office February 1, 1902. His fitness for this eminent position has already been demonstrated. Mr. Shaw's public record is decidedly unique. Until his forty-eighth year his energies were wholly devoted to the pursuit of his profession; .210 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. for though always a Republican in principle, and warmly interested in his party's cause, he had never proposed to himself any distinctive political career. His entrance upon the arena of politics was in its circumstances entirely consistent with his previous record, being not in the character of a candidate for office, but in that of an advocate of principles and public policies. The forceful abilities which he dis- played indicated him at once as a leader of rare qualities, and from LESLIE M. SHAW, LL.D. that time until the present he has held a prečminent position in the political affairs of his State. He also enjoys a reputation of National distinction, and probably no other Republican leader of his section of the country stands higher in the general popular esteem. In 1898 he was selected as Chairman of the Sound Money Convention at Indian- apolis, a body which was instrumental in bringing about the legal HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 211 and permanent establishment of the gold standard. In the presiden- tial campaign of 1900 he made an extensive stumping tour, delivering eighty speeches in ten States of the Union, which contributed much to the increase of his already well established reputafion as one of the best campaigners in the Nation. He received the degree of LL.D. from Simpson College in 1898 and from Cornell College (of which he is a Trustee) in 1899. He is a prom- inent layman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has for four Quadrenniums represented the Des Moines Conference in the General Conference of that denomination. In December, 1877, he married, at Camanche, Iowa, Alice Crawshaw, daughter of James Crawshaw, who came to Iowa among the pioneers of the territory in 1837. They have three children: Enid, Earl, and Erma. º: ORACE G. MCMILLAN, of Cedar Rapids, United States At- ºğl torney for the Northern District of Iowa, is the son of P. R. and Elizabeth (Culey) McMiłlan, and was born in Wayne County, Ohio, May 29, 1854. His ancestors on the paternal side were Scotch, his father being a native of New York and his mother of Ohio. In 1857 the family moved to Crawfordsville, Washington County, Iowa, and later to a farm near Washington, where the son spent much of his early life in agricultural pursuits. He received his primary education in the district schools of Wash- ington County and later attended the Grand View Academy in Louisa County, Iowa, for two terms, and the Washington Academy for about one year. He studied law with J. F. McJunkin, then Attorney- General of Iowa, and after two and one-half years of study he was admitted to the bar in 1880, by Circuit Judge L. C. Blanchard, of Oskaloosa. Mr. McMillan was engaged in active practice in Washington, Iowa, for about two years, or until 1882, when he moved to Rock Rapids, Lyon County, where he followed his profes- sion until removing to Cedar Rapids in July, 1898, having been ap- pointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa in that year. During seven years of the period he spent at Rock Rapids Mr. McMillan was in partnership with A. Van Wagenen, under the firm name of Van Wagenen & McMillan. At the end of that time Mr. Van Wagenen was appointed District Judge by Governor Boies, and his brother came into the firm, which connection lasted about one and a half years. A little later on Mr. McMillan formed a partnership with J. W. Dunlap under the style of McMillan & Dunlap. This firm continued in practice until Mr. McMillan moved to Cedar Rapids. 212 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. As a lawyer he has achieved eminent success. For many years he has been connected with much of the important litigation of North- western Iowa. He has been especially prominent in the noted Lyon County bond cases, Which he tried in both the State and United States courts, and which resulted in saving the taxpayers thousands of dol- lars. He has also been very successful in the trial of personal injury and damage cases, particularly those growing Out of railway accidents, his service of a year at the age of nineteen as brakeman on the Chi- cago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad being of great value to him in this class of litigation. Mr. McMillan was one of the first to grasp the great business possi- bilities of Northwestern Iowa, and early invested in important real estate holdings in that section and later in Dakota. He has a farm Of One thousand acres known as the Lakewood Stock Farm, where he breeds thoroughbred horses and cattle. He now owns over four thou- sand acres of highly cultivated land. In the spring of 1898, in partner- ship with Cyrenus Cole, Mr. McMillan bought the Republican Printing Company, publishers of the Cedar Rapids Daily Republican, of which he is now President and business manager. The Republican, under their energetic management, immediately took rank with the leading daily papers in the State, increased in circulation and influence, and Inow enjoys a firmly established business. Since reaching manhood Mr. McMillan has taken an active interest in politics, always as a stalwart, unswerving Republican. He held the Chairmanship of the Washington County Republican Committee be- fore removing from there to Northwestern Iowa, and was three times elected a member and Chairman of the Republican State Central Com- mittee from the Eleventh Congressional District of Iowa, serving as a member from 1892 to 1898 and as Chairman in 1895, 1896, and 1897. He was an alternate delegate-at-large to the National Re- publican Convention in 1896, and had charge of the campaign in 1895 which resulted in the election of Governor Drake by an un- precedented majority. He also had charge of the McKinley and Hobart campaign in Iowa in 1896, which he conducted in such a manner as to win high praise from Republicans and Gold Democrats alike. He managed the campaign of 1897, when Leslie M. Shaw was the successful candidate for Governor, being for the third time Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee. His tenacity of purpose and unwavering persistence, united with sound judgment and a wise spirit of conciliation, admirably equips him for campaign management, and in this connection he has been unusually success- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 213 ful. Under him the party has developed no factions, nor has it ever Wavered in its policies and duties. He served two terms as City Attorney of Rock Rapids, three terms as County Attorney of Lyon County, and ten years as a member of the Board of Insane Commissioners of that county. In February, 1898, he Was appointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa by President McKinley. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. McMillan married, August 28, 1877, Miss Alice Van Doren, of Washington County, Iowa, and they have had six children: Glenn V., Viva Alice, Stella (who died in infancy), Florence, James B., and Horace G., Jr. Mrs. McMillan has taken a deep interest in all of her husband's work, and was especially active in founding the Free Public iibrary of Rock Rapids. TILLMAN TAYLOR MESERVEY has been a resident of Fort §º Dodge, Iowa, since boyhood. His father, Judge William ñº N. Meservey, moved from De Witt, Ill., to Webster County, * Iowa, in 1854, and first resided in Homer, the county seat, Webster County then embracing the present territory of Hamilton and Webster Counties and a portion of the County of Humboldt. After the division of this territory Judge Meservey removed from Homer to Fort Dodge and was elected County Judge of Webster County, that officer being then the sole financial manager of the county’s affairs. Here he Was a prominent and influential citizen for a quarter of a century and represented large property interests. His father, a French soldier in Napoleon's army, lived to the great age of one hun- dred and two years. His wife, Amanda C. Robbins, a native of Ken- tucky, was of English descent. Her father was a slaveholder, but, detesting the injustice of the system, moved to Illinois and emanci- Dated his Slaves. Stillman T. Meservey was born in De Witt, Ill., December 17, 1848, In 1854, when only six years old, he accompanied the family to Iowa. He attended the public schools of Webster County and later the Clin- ton (N. Y.) Liberal Institute, where he completed his literary studies. In early life he developed a decided business talent, and by hard work, persistent effort, and good habits has won both success and fortune. He formed a partnership with Captain George S. Ringland and Webb Vincent in 1872 for the purpose of developing the manufacture of gypsum, which underlies a large tract of land near the Des Moines 214 HISTORY OF THE REIPUBLICAN PARTY. River in the vicinity of Fort Dodge. Except for building stone this extensive deposit—the Only one of its kind in Iowa–had remained unused since the earliest settlements, and its Yalue in the manufac- ture of stucco had not been realized until the firm of Ringland, Vin- cent & Meservey began to build the first factory for that purpose. It soon proved to be an important industry, and the proprietors of the mills built up a large and lucrative business, which has steadily grown into extensive proportions. Several other mills have been erected, and Mr. Meservey is now a Director of the Iowa Plaster Association, which succeeded the original firm of Ringland, Vincent & Meservey. He is also engaged in banking and in other enterprises, being Presi- dent of the First National Bank of Fort Dodge, the Bank of Liver- more in Humboldt County, and the Fort Dodge Light and Power Company. Throughout his business career he has maintained the ('Onfidence and respect Of all Who know him. Mr. Meservey has always been a loyal Republican, and in 1885 was nominated by his party and elected to represent Webster County in the lower House of the Twenty-first General Assembly of Iowa. He was also elected Representative for Webster County in the lower House of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly and has just completed his term. In that capacity he displayed marked ability and estab- lished a high reputation. His younger brother, A. F. Meservey, rep- resented the Cherokee district in the Senate of the Twenty-second and Twenty-third General Assemblies. October 10, 1871, Mr. Meservey married Miss Anna Scott, of Bridge. water, N. Y. They have three children: William, born in 1875; Eliza- beth, born in 1878; and Scott, born in 1879. The family are communi- cants of the Episcopal Church. KººlTRED HENRY MOVEY, an eminent lawyer and jurist of Des Moines, Iowa, was born in Fayette County, Ohio, his parents being Edmund McVey and Sarah Eastlack, daugh- ter of Marmaduke Eastlack, of New Jersey. His paternal ancestors, who spelled their name MacVeagh, came to America from Scotland about 1654, and eventually settled in Washington County, Pa., whence his grandfather moved to Southern Ohio about 1800. Mr. McVey received his education in his native State, entering the Southwestern Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, shortly before the war. When a youth he was noted for his studious habits, and before leaving the common schools was familiar with most of the best works HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 215 of the English language. At the outbreak of the Civil War he enlisted in the Seventy-ninth Ohio Infantry, and at the close of his term of service he resumed his studies, entering the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1864. He was graduated in 1868. While in college he was espe- cially noted for his literary attainments, although he was a good stu- dent in all departments. He was also prominent in social life, being a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. His ability and scholar- ship resulted in his being selected as a tutor of the university, but he soon resigned this position in order to enter upon the practice of law, which he had resolved to make his life work. He was graduated from the Cincinnati College of Law, one of the oldest and best law schools west of the Alleghenies. In 1869 he opened an office at Wilmington, Ohio, and soon was recognized as one of the leading attorneys in that part of the State. Three years later he removed to Toledo, where he remained until January, 1883. In the capital of the State his abilities found a wider scope than in the City of Wilmington. He devoted himself particularly to cases in the United States courts, and became an authority upon the laws of the State and Nation. During his leisure hours he became the author of several works upon jurisprudence. Perhaps the most noted of his works was McVey's Ohio Digest, which consisted of two large Vol- umes and was published in 1875. So great was its merit and popu- larity that within seven months after its appearance it reached a third edition. While in Toledo Mr. McVey was for some years general counsel for the Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway, and he gave considerable attention to insurance and corporation law. He moved to Des Moines, Iowa, in January, 1883, having shortly be- fore formed a partnership with Judge C. C. Cole and Captain J. S Clark under the style of Cole, McVey & Clark. This firm immediately took a front rank among the law firms of the State, its members all be- ing men of eminent ability. Their insurance clientage was the larg— est of any firm in the West and their general practice was also great. Mr. McVey had charge of a large part of the litigation. Captain Clark retired from the firm in 1891, and T. A. Cheshire came in imme. diately. Judge Cole retired in 1894 to accept the position of Dean of the Iowa College of Law. Mr. Cheshire retired in 1896, and at that time Mr. McVey's son, Edmund H. McVey, became a member of the firm, which has since been McVey & McVey. Judge McVey has long been distinguished as a lawyer and for his judicial talent. He has led a busy life, and the interests of his clients have always been protected with the most painstaking care. By his 216 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. strict integrity he has won the confidence of the people and of his fel- low lawyers. His elevation to the bench as District Judge by Gov- ernor Leslie M. Shaw in December, 1901, was received with entire satisfaction by the people and especially by the Polk County bar. Judge McVey has never been a candidate for any office, but has al- ways taken a deep interest in public affairs and in the Welfare of the Republican party. He is essentially a Scholar and a student of litera- ture. His library is one of the largest and best selected in the State, In January, 1869, Judge McVey married Miss Anna Holmes, daugh- ter of Rev. William PIolmes, a direct descendant of Obadiah Holmes, who came to Salem, Mass., from England, in 1639, assisted Roger Will- iams in founding the Baptist Church in America, and became one of the original proprietors of New Jersey, where he obtained large grants of land from the English crown. They have five children: Frank L., born in 1870, a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1893 and of Yale College with the degree of Ph.D. in 1896, and now professor of political economy in the University of Minnesota; Edmund H., born in 1871, a graduate of Yale University and now the law partner of his father; William P., born in 1873, a graduate of Des Moines College and of the Drew Theological Seminary at Madison, N. J., where he re- ceived first honors, a student at the University of Leipsic, Germany, and now a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Kate, born in 1880, a graduate of the Women's College, Baltimore, Md.; and Charles, born in 1882, a student at Drake University. sº AMES F. WILSON, for many years one of the most distin. # guished men of Iowa, was born in Newark, Ohio, October 19, 1828. His father, a carpenter, died in 1839, leaving a widow and three children, and to their support he was called and promptly responded. At the age of thirteen he entered his uncle's harness shop as an apprentice, and after completing his term of service he continued to follow his trade until 1850. In the mean- time he had obtained a limited common and select school education and also enjoyed the private instruction of some gentlemen who took an interest in his welfare. He began to read law while working at his trade and in 1851 was admitted to the Ohio bar in Newark, where he at once commenced active practice. In 1853 he removed to Fairfield, lowa, and resided there until his death, which occurred on the 22d of April, 1895. * Mr. Wilson soon became one of the foremost lawyers in the State. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 217 He also took a prominent part in public affairs, and as one of the founders of the Republican party and a Federal officeholder achieved National distinction. In 1856 he was elected to the convention for the revision of the constitution of Iowa, and was one of the most active and useful members of that body. He was a representative to the Iowa General Assembly in 1857, and served as Chairman on the Committee on Ways and Means. In 1859 he was chosen State Senator, and there served on the Judiciary Committee, through whose hands passed the revision of the system of practice and the laws of Iowa. In 1861 he was elected as a Republican to represent his district in Congress dur- ing the unexpired term of General S. R. Curtis, who had resigned to accept a commission in the Union Army. Mr. Wilson entered the |House of Representatives at the beginning of the first regular session of the Thirty-seventh Congress and was appointed a member of the House Judiciary Committee, being perhaps the youngest man ever assigned to that position. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, and Fortieth Congresses, and then declined another nomination. He served on the Judiciary Committee during his entire Congressional term, being its Chairman for six years, which embraced the important periods of the war and reconstruction era. Mr. Wilson was one of the most earnest, unswerving, and loyal supporters of the government throughout the great struggle of the Rebellion. His first resolution in Congress, offered in T)ecember, 1861, instructed the Com- mittee on Military Affairs to report an additional article of war pro- hibiting the use of the United States forces to return fugitive slaves, and providing for the dismissal from the army or navy of any officer who used his troops or forces for those purposes. The resolution was adopted. He also reported the first bill to Congress for the improve- ment of the condition of the colored people of the District of Colum- bia, and gave the first notice ever given in Congress of an amendment to the constitution to abolish slavery. He reported and carried through the House a bill giving freedom to the widows and children of colored soldiers. He also introduced the Civil Rights Bill, and fought successfully to engraft upon the constitution and to make active in the National statutes the principles of civil and political equality. When the final movement was made in the United States House of Repre- sentatives for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson (Febru, ary, 1868) Mr. Wilson supported it on the ground that the investiga- tion disclosed the presence of indictable offences. The PIouse, after adopting articles of impeachment, appointed Mr. Wilson one of the managers to conduct the trial at the bar of the Senate. President 218 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. }rant, in 1865, tendered the portfolio of Secretary of State to Mr. Wil- son and earnestly urged him to accept it, but he declined the honor. For seven years he was annually appointed a government director of the Union Pacific Railroad—six times by President Grant and once by President Hayes. The annual and special reports made to the govern- ment during those years in respect to the affairs and conditions of the company and its relations with the government were prepared by Mr. Wilson. In January, 1882, the General Assembly of Iowa elected him United States Senator for the term of six years commencing March 4, 1883, and in January, 1888, he was re-elected for the term ending March 4, 1895. His high position in the United Staies Senate is attested by the committees to which he was assigned ; IForeign Relations, Postoffices and Postroads, Revision of the Laws, Education and Labor, Census, Interstate Commerce, Mines and Mining, Pensions, and Judiciary. The debates which transpired during his membership show his ability, his comprehensive view of questions, his zeal for the equal rights of citizens and the moral conditions of society, and his recognition of the elements of true progress. In November, 1852, he married Mary A. K. Jewett, of Newark, Ohio, who survives him. #&#|OLLIN J. WILSON, lawyer, has been a lifelong resident of ; Fairfield, Jefferson County, Iowa, where he was born on the 18th of October, 1853. His father, Hon. James F. Wil- son, who died there April 22, 1895, was one of the most dis- tinguished men in the State, as will be seen by the preceding sketch. His mother, Mary A. K. (Jewett) Wilson, still survives and occupies the family homestead in Fairfield. Mr. Wilson obtained his primary education in the public schools of his native town, completing the high school course in 1870. He then entered the literary department of the State University at Iowa City, from which he was graduated in 1875. Subsequently he read law under the direction of his father and later in the office of Slagle & Achison, of Fairfield, and was admitted to the bar before the Circuit Court, upon examination, in the fall of 1877. Immediately afterward he began the active practice of his profession, forming a copartnership with George A. Rutherford, which continued one year. He then as- sociated himself with J. M. Hinkle, and until their partnership was dissolved in January, 1897, they enjoyed an extensive practice in all the courts Of the State as Well as in the Federal courts. Since then HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 219 Mr. Wilson has practiced alone, succeeding to the entire business of the firm. For fifteen years the firm of Wilson & Hinkle acted as at- torneys for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroads and the First National Bank of Fair- field. Mr. Wilson has achieved eminent success at the bar, and is recognized as one of the ablest lawyers in Iowa. In politics he is also prominent and widely known, having been a stalwart Republican ever since he was old enough to vote. He served as County Attorney for seven and a half years, under both the old and new laws, and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Inde- pendent School District of Fairfield for nine years, being President of the board during two years of that period. In these capacities as well as at the bar he displayed eminent ability and sound judgment. Mr. Wilson has also taken a deep interest in National politics and public Questions, has rendered valuable service to the Republican party in the campaigns, and has stumped the State of Iowa several times over, als ways with great force and effect. Public spirited, progressive, and enterprising, he is actively identified with the best interests of Fair- field and a valuable contributor to its material growth and develop. ment. He has been for several years the Secretary of the Jefferson County Literary Association, is Vice-President of the First National Bank, and prominently connected with other enterprises. Mr. Wilson was married October 13, 1881, to Miss Mell A. McKin- ney, daughter of Joseph A. and Cynthia A. McKinney, of Fairfield, Iowa, and their children are Mary Louise and Helen Cynthia. ARCELLUS LUTHER TEMPLE, of Osceola, Clarke County, ... Nă Iowa, was born in Wadestown, Va., now W. Va., Septem- ber 16, 1848. His family originated at Temple Hall in Leicestershire, England, as early as 1070, when Sir Edwin Henry Temple defended it against the Norman invaders. Abram, or Abraham, Temple, his first American ancestor, from whom he is tenth in lineal descent, settled in Salem, Mass., in 1636, and from New Eng- land the family emigrated westward to Pennsylvania, where Nathaniel Temple, father of Marcellus L., was born in 1823, his immediate birth- place being Whiteley, Greene County. Nathaniel moved to a farm in Monongalia County, Va., about 1842, and in 1846 married Hen- rietta, second daughter of H. B. and Mary (Longsworth) Rice. He died near Wadestown, W. Va., March 6, 1869. He was a lifelong Democrat, supporting Douglas in 1860, but took an active part against the Ordinance of Secession of 1861 and loyally supported the Union 220 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. throughout the Civil War. His wife was a woman of more than ordi- nary ability, of great energy and strength of character, and of a re. markable gift of memory. She was born in Bedford County, Pa., April 27, 1825, moved with her parents to Wadestown, Va., about 1840. and after her husband’s death not only reared and educated her chil. dren, but managed the home farm until 1871, when she moved to a farm near Osceola, Iowa. In 1882 she removed to Lexington, Neb., and in 1886 was elected President of the First National Bank of Lox. ington, which position she held until her death on the 27th of July, 1899. Her only brother, P. L. Rice, was a member of the first con- vention which inaugurated the movement that saved the counties of Virginia west of the mountains to the Union, and was also a member of subsequent conventions and of the famous Committee of Safety. Before he was twelve years old Marcellus L. Temple attended “sub- scription ” schools for one hundred and forty days, but with this ex- ception his preparatory education was obtained under the guidance of his parents, who fitted him to enter the freshman class of the West Virginia University in 1869. He was graduated from that institution in 1873, ranking second in his class, and taking during the course a prize for excellence in debate and the Regents' prize for the best essay. While there he was a prominent member of the literary societies. On September 30, 1873, shortly after graduation, Mr. Temple mar- ried Miss Julia M. Protzman, of Morgantown, Va., and on the same day started west, settling in Osceola, Iowa. He was admitted to the bar, opened an office, and entered upon a successful professional ca- reer. His practice soon became extensive and embraced all branches of the law required in a new and growing country. As a result of his connection with important railroad litigation he introduced in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly of 1897, to which he had been elected in 1895, the famous Temple Amendment, which suffered defeat then, but was enacted into a law without opposition by the Twenty-seventh General Assembly in 1898. Another noted case in which he was suc- Cessful was that Of the State v. Townsend, where the defendant was convicted of murder in the first degree, the verdict reversed, a plea of guilty of manslaughter entered, and a pardon finally granted. Politically Mr. Temple was a conservative Democrat until 1882, when the Democratic State Convention in Marshalltown denounced the prohibitory amendment and held the Republican party responsible for it. He made a canvass of the State for the amendment, voted for it, and has ever since acted with the Republicans on all State is: sues. He had been a follower of Samuel J. Randall and a believer in HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 221 the policy of protection, and when Mr. Cleveland forced the issue of tariff reform he affiliated with the Republican party on matters of National policy and has since been one of its ablest and most trusted leaders. Mr. Temple has always advocated a gold standard, a liberal pension roll in place of a standing army, and a citizen soldiery as the best defender of our country’s rights. He was a Republican Presi- dential Elector in 1892, and a member of the Republican State Con- vention in 1893, where he delivered a powerful speech favoring a com: promise on the prohibitory question and contributed more than any other one man to the adoption of the celebrated “thirteenth plank,” which settled the liquor subject in Iowa. Elected to the lower House of the Twenty-sixth General Assembly in 1895, he served in both the regular and special sessions and was Chairman of the first division of the Code Revision Committee. He was defeated for re-election to the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, but was elected to the Twenty- eighth General Assembly in 1899, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, a leading candidate for Speaker of the House, and the recognized leader of the Republican side. In 1901 he was reelected, serving in the session of the Twenty-ninth General Assembly as Chair- man of the Committee on Ways and Means, the leading COmmittee of the House, Throughout his legislative career he displayed lofty cour- age and independence of statesmanship, and was a power both on the floor and in committee work. He has passed all the chairs in his Masonic lodge, in Pentalpha Chapter, No. 63, R. A. M., and in Constantine Commandery, No. 23, K. T., and is Past Junior and Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Iowa, having been elected to those offices in 1890 and 1891 respectively. He is also a member of Kaaba Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of St. John's Lodge, No. 32, Knights of Pythias, and of the Presbyterian Church of Osceola. Mr. and Mrs. Temple have two sons: William Nathaniel Temple, born September 22, 1874, and Ernest Clarence Temple, born Novem- ber 16, 1883, who entered Iowa College in 1900. The eldest son was graduated from Iowa College in 1897 and is now the junior member of his father's law firm, Temple, Hardinger & Temple, of Osceola. sº AMES KNOX POLK THOM PSON, an eminent lawyer, a vet- § eran of the Civil War, a prominent Officer in the National śl Guard of Iowa, and one of the oldest residents of Rock * Rapids, Lyon County, was born near Carey, Ohio, on the 21st of August, 1845. He is the son of Matthew Thompson, a farmer 222 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. and mechanic, and an Officer in the War of 1812, who was born at Head Elk, Cecil County, Md., January 8, 1791. Isaac and Sarah (Bell) Thompson, the parents of Matthew, were natives of Belfast, Ireland, where they were married, and where their first son, Thomas Cruse Thompson, was born. They came to this country during the Revolu- tionary period and settled in Maryland. Mrs. Sarah (Bell) Thomp- son was a member of the famous Bell family who were compelled to flee to America in 1798 on account of their connection With the Irish rebellion. Lord Thomas Cruse, another ancestor of both Isaac and Sarah (Bell) Thompson, also fled to this country for the same reason. Matthew Thompson married Martha Spalding, whose father, Abel Spalding, served with distinction in the American Revolution, and whose wife, Mary Chase, was a member of the noted Chase family of colonial times, her direct ancestor, Aquila Chase, settling in New- buryport, Mass., in 1640. Through this line Colonel Thompson is closely related to Bishop Philander Chase (1775-1852) and to Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase (1808-73). Colonel Thompson is thus descended from some of the oldest and most distinguished families in the United States. He received a good common and high school education, attending first a rude log school house in Ohio, and studying much of the time under the direction of his mother, who was a noted teacher in her day. His boyhood life was spent on the parental farm in the backwoods of his native State, where roads were simply “blazed ' pathways through the heavy for. ests and pioneer conditions prevailed on ever hand. In November, 1857, he moved to Iowa in a covered wagon, travelling through patches of forest and over the unbroken prairies without public highways or bridges, the trip occupying more than forty days. He settled in Clay- ton County, then a sparsely populated frontier section, and for some twelve years followed agricultural pursuits. On August 18, 1862, he enlisted as a musician in Company D, Twen- ty-first Iowa Volunteers, and served three years, being honorably discharged at the close of the war. He was severely wounded in the assault on Vicksburg, May 22, 1863, where he was under fire for forty- seven days and nights, and participated altogether in seven hard- fought battles, besides several skirmishes and minor engagements. Four of his brothers and a brother-in-law also served three years each in the Union Army during the Civil War, three of the former being maimed for life. A nephew, Dr. Harry F. Thompson, was a Lieuten- ant in the Spanish-American War. In 1869 Colonel Thompson commenced the study of law in the office of Woodward & Preston, of Elkader, Iowa, at the same time continu- HISTORY OL THE IRED UBLICAN PARTY. 223 ing his regular farm work. He was admitted to the bar in May, 1873, and in June of that year located at Rock Rapids, Lyon County, where he practiced his profession with uninterrupted success for twenty years, retiring in order to devote his time to large business interests. 224 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. He opened the first law office in Lyon County, built up an extensive clientage, and gained a high reputation as an able lawyer. For a number of years he was counsel for the Board of Supervisors, and from 1876 to 1880 he was in partnership with his brother, T. C. Thompson. In 1877 he organized the Lyon County Bank, which now has a cap- ital and surplus of $150,000, and of which he is one of the two sole proprietors. Colonel Thompson is also an officer and Director of the State Bank of Slayton, the Pipestone County Bank, the State Bank of Jasper, and the Bank of Blue Earth, all of Minnesota, and the Doon Savings Bank and the Citizens State Bank of Sioux Center, Iowa. He is one of the old settlers in NOrthWestern IOWa., a large landOWIler, and one of the wealthiest and best known men in his part of the State. His father was an old-line Democrat, but Colonel Thompson has been a lifelong Republican, and for years has taken an active interest in politics. As Chairman of the Lyon County Republican Central Committee he successfully managed several campaigns and gained the reputation of being a sagacious leader. He was elected County Re- corder in 1875 and served one term, having been, however, in actual charge of the office from 1873. In 1877 he was the Republican candi- date for Representative from the Seventieth District to the Iowa Gen- eral Assembly, and was defeated by a very small majority, only thirty- three votes being cast against him in his own county. He was also a prominent candidate for nomination for Lieutenant-Governor on the Republican ticket in 1901. Colonel Thompson is a charter member and Past Commander of Dunlap Post, No. 147, G. A. R., which he named in memory of his Lieu- tenant-Colonel, who was killed at Vicksburg. He is also Past Com- mander of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Iowa, serv- ing in 1895-96, having previously been a member of the staffs of Coms Inander-in-Chief Vezy and others. For fifteen years he has been ac- tive in the National Guard of Iowa, and was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel by Governors Larrabee and Jackson and promoted to the rank of Colonel by Governor Drake in February, 1896. He was one of the chief promoters of the Vicksburg National Military Park, and Chair- man of the commission appointed by the Governor to locate the posi- tions of Iowa troops at the siege. His report thereon is a most compre- hensive one, a worthy contribution to Iowa history, and a fitting trib- ute to the valor of her soldiers. From the beginning he has been a member of the Provisional Board of Directors of that organization. He is a life Trustee of Iowa College, a Trustee of the Congregational HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 225 Church of Rock Rapids, a member of all the Masonic bodies, Past Eminent Commander of the Knights Templar (Masons), and a member of the Iowa Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, the Bank- ers and Bar Associations of Iowa, the Knights of Pythias, and other important organizations. He has lived a strenuous frontier life and passed through all the usual episodes connected there with. Both In- dians and buffalo were plentiful when he located in Northwestern Iowa; the country was new and largely unbroken, and in its develop- inent he has taken a forem Ost part. He was married, November 24, 1869, at Elkader, Iowa, to Celestia A. Fobes, a lady of strong character and fille accomplishments, who is also of Revolutionary descent through her great-grandfather. Their children are Lily Foster (Thompson) Parker, Leta May Thompson, and Hoyt Fobes Thompson, all college graduates. gº TEPHEN LELAND DOWS, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, is de- §º scended from Laurence Dows, born in Boughton, County Hants, England, in 1613, who came to Boston, Mass., prior . . . . to 1642, settling in Charlestown about 1649. Jonathan Dows, son of Laurence, was born in Charlestown, Mass., in 1661, and died there. He was a member of His Majesty’s Council and Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. His son, Eleazer Dows, born March 2, 1728, in Charlestown, was a signer of the Non-importation Agree- ment in 1773, and fled to Sherburne, Mass., with his family, upon the destruction of his property (iuring the battle of Bunker Hill. James Dows, son of Eleazer, was born in Charlestown, April 28, 1769, and served with distinction in the War of 1812-15, enlisting in January, 1813, in the Ninth United States Infantry, Colonel Learned, and re- enlisting April 14, 1814, for the remainder of the war. He was wounded in the battle of Chippewa, Canada, July 5, 1814, and died in the hospital on the 10th of August following. Thomas Dowse, the literary leather dresser of Cambridge, Mass., whom Edward Everett has eulogized so beautifully, was a son of Jonathan, a brother of James, and a great-uncle of Stephen Leland Dows. His valuable library passed by donation to the Massachusetts Historical Society, while the Dowse High School and City Hall at Sherburne, the Dowse Institute at Cambridge, and other noted institutions stand as monu- ments to his memory. Adam Dows, son of James and father of Stephen L. DOWS, was born in Sherburne, Mass., November 9, 1792, engaged in business in New 226 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. York City, and married there Miss Maria Ilundy. In 1836 he removed to Troy, N. Y., where he died December 10, 1868. His mother was a Leland, a descendant of the accomplished scholar, John Leland, who was born in London, England, in 1512, and also a descendant of Henry Leland, who came to Massachusetts in 1652. Stephen Leland Dows was born in New York City on the 9th of Oc. tober, 1832, moved to Troy, N. Y., with his parents, and there received a public School education. At the age Of fourteen he entered a ma- Chine Shop in Troy, Where he SOOn mastered the trade. He moyed west in 1848, reaching Milwaukee, Wis., with only fifty cents in money. and spent a year in a lumber camp at Badenoquette, Mich., at $12 per month. In November, 1849, he found himself at what is now Mar. quette and was one of the first white men to winter there. He worked in the first machine Shops, ran the first engine, and assisted in erect ing and Operating the first Steam hammer on Lake Superior. Two years later he returned to Badenoquette and was engaged in lumber- ing until the spring of 1853, when he moved to Muskegon, Mich., to assume the superintendency of a lumbering establishment. On April 12, 1855, Mr. Dows took up his residence in Cedar Rapids Iowa, and engaged in the lumber business in Linn and Jones Counties, serving also for a time as superintendent of the Variety Manufactur. ing Company of Cedar Rapids. He went to the Rocky Mountains in 1860, but a year later returned to Cedar Rapids, and in August, 1862 enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Iowa Infantry. Going out as First Lieutenant, he became Acting Brigade Quartermaster of the First Brigade, Second Division, Army of the Frontier, and served until he was obliged to resign on account of disability. After the war Mr. Dows engaged in railroad contracting with marked success, and soon became one of the largest operators in this line in the West. He also bought large tracts of land, became inter- ested in banking, manufacturing, etc., and developed several towns in Iowa, Minnesota, and Dakota. His integrity and ability as a finan- cier and reliable business man have made his name famous throughout the Northwest. He has always been a Republican, and for a quarter of a century or more has occupied a prominent place among the able party leaders of Iowa. He was elected to the State Senate in 1875 and served in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General Assemblies with great credit. He is a member and Elder of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cedar Rapids. * October 31, 1855, Mr. Dows married Miss Henrietta W., daughter of Thomas Safely, of Sugar Grove, Linn County, Iowa, who was born HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 227 of Scotch parentage at Tweedmouth, England, and came to America with her parents when eighteen months old. She died August 7, 1893. They had six children: Minnie Maria, who died July 14, 1871, in her fifteenth year; Elizabeth Holroyd, born November 17, 1858; Elma Ellsworth, born October 13, 1861; William Greene, whose sketch follows; Stephen Leland, Jr., born February 1, 1867, died July 5, 1899; and Susan Henrietta, born July 28, 1871. sº ILLIAM GREENE DOWS, of Cedar Rapids, has been a life. tº long resident of Iowa, having been born in Clayton Coun- ty on the 12th of August, 1864. He is the son of Stephen Leland Dows, a prominent capitalist, and Henrietta W. Safely, who were early settlers on a farm in Linn County, removing thence to the County of Clayton. Mr. Dows attended the public schools of Cedar Rapids and was graduated from the Shattuck Mili- tary School at Faribault, Minn., in June, 1883. In the same year he engaged in business with his father, and is now Vice-President and Manager of the Dows Real Estate and Trust Company. He is also connected with the Cedar Rapids LOan and Trust Company and the Cedar Rapids Electric Light and Power Company. In 1883 Colonel Dows began his military career by assisting in the organization of Company C, First Regiment, Iowa National Guard, of Cedar Rapids, in which he enlisted as a private. He has filled every position in that regiment up to and including that of Colonel. Upon the outbreak of the war with Spain he accompanied the regiment to Camp McKinley at Des Moines, and on April 26, 1898, it was mustered into the United States service as the Forty-ninth Iowa Volunteers with Colonel Dows in command. After being in camp at Jackson- ville, Fla., and Savannah, Ga., they were sent to Cuba and served one year in different parts of the island, being mustered out after the war closed and the treaty of peace was signed. Upon the reorganization of the Iowa National Guard following the Spanish-American War Colonel Dows was unanimously elected Colonel of the Forty-ninth Regiment, which position he still holds. In politics he is equally prominent and active. Like his father, he has always been a loyal Republican. He was elected to the lower House of the State Legislature from Linn County in 1897 and re-elected in 1898, serving during the sessions of the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth General Assemblies on important committees. As Chairman of the 228 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Committee on Appropriations in the Twenty-eighth General Assem- bly, and also as a member of the Ways and Means and Insurance Com- mittees, he performed most creditable work and gained a high repu- tation. He was a member of the City Council of Cedar Rapids from March, 1896, to March, 1898, when he resigned on account of his elec- tion to the Legislature. He has for several years taken an active part in the party conventions and campaigns in Iowa, performing in this connection most excellent service. Colonel Dows is a prominent Knight Templar and 32° Mason, Past Master of Mount Hermon Lodge, No. 263, of Cedar Rapids, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Presbyte- rian Church. He was married in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, October 9, 1890, to Mar- garet B., daughter of J. S., and Vallissa L. Cook and a native of James- town, N. Y. They have two children: Sutherland Cook Dows, born July 3, 1891, and Margaret Henrietta Dows, born July 6, 1895. rºl EORGE ALLEN LINCOLN, one of the prominent Republican tº leaders of Iowa and for three terms Mayor of Cedar Rapids, where he resides, was born in Chicopee, Mass., January 31, - 1848. In 1858 he moved with his parents, George D. and Mary E. Lincoln, to Madison, Wis. He enlisted for service in the Civil War in the Third Wisconsin Light Artillery, December 22, 1863, as a private, and was with the Army of the Tennessee until honorably dis- charged July 3, 1865. . He moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, March 25, 1867, engaged in the clothing business, and in 1869 organized the first fire department, of which he was Chief Engineer from 1870 to 1876. He has always been identified with the State Firemen’s Association and served it as Presi- dent in 1892 and 1893. - Mr. Lincoln’s official connection with the city government of Cedar Rapids began in 1874, when he was elected Alderman from the Third Ward. In 1878 he was Recorder and Assessor of the city. He was elected Mayor in March, 1895, and was twice reelected, serving until March, 1898. He was each time elected as a Republican, and has been actively identified with all movements of the party in Iowa since 1867, serving as a delegate almost every year to State and county con- ventions. He is now State Game Warden and Fish Commissioner, appointed by Governor Shaw. He served as a member of the Repub- lican State Central Committee from the Fifth District during the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 229 years 1890-91. In 1891 he was appointed Postmaster of Cedar Rapids and held that office four years. He has also been Chairman of the Republican County Central Committee of Linn County. He has had a large part in the development of the City of Cedar Rapids, has been actively identified with all of its improvements, and has contributed liberally to promote public enterprises. It was largely due to his in- fluence and activity that the Republican State Convention was three times brought to Cedar Rapids. He is known throughout the State as a public spirited, industrious, and progressive citizen and as a man of ability and perseverance. His popularity is attested by hosts of friends, whom he is always ready to serve, and who honor and respect him for his sterling qualities of head and heart. Mr. Lincoln was married, February 17, 1869, to Fannie Atwell, and has one daughter, Bertha, born February 10, 1875. gº! HARLES ADOLPH WISE, the well known banker, drug- § gist, and bookseller of Cedar Falls, Iowa, where he has re- sided since May 8, 1863, was born in Coburg, Germany, on the 28th of April, 1847. In 1852 he came to America with his parents, Michael and Christiana (Roesser) Wise, and settled near Cleveland, Ohio, whence the family removed in 1854 to Portage City, Wis., and in 1857 to Dubuque, Iowa. The father, who was also a native of Coburg, held important government positions in Germany, but decided to seek in America a broader field for the exercise of his abilities and the education of his family. Charles A. Wise was educated in the public schools of Wisconsin and Dubuque and under a private tutor at home, and early laid the foundation of a successful career. In the spring of 1863 he moved to Cedar Falls and became a clerk in a drug Store, Continuing in that capacity for four years. He then organized, with W. C. Bryant, the firm of Wise & Bryant, druggists and booksellers, which soon built up a large and profitable business. Mr. Bryant withdrew in 1893 and Mr. Wise's two sons, Clarence H. and Parke E., were admitted to partnership under the present style of C. A. Wise & Sons Company, of which Mr. Wise is the President. He has also been President Of the State Bank of Cedar Falls since 1894 and is President of the Cedar Falls Building, Loan and Savings Association, President of the Mon- arch Feeder and Stacker Company, President of the Cedar Falls Can- ning Company, a Director of the Cedar Falls and Waterloo Union Mills Company, President of the Cedar Falls Business Men's Asso- 230 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ciation, and a stockholder in other enterprises and corporations. In all his business relations he has displayed those sterling principles of honesty, integrity, and perseverance which win success. His active connection with every important public enterprise and improvement in Cedar Falls has materially promoted the best interests of the city and won for him more than a local reputation. In the ranks of the Republican party Mr. Wise has been an active and influential worker ever since he became a voter. He was a mem- ber of the Board of Education of Cedar Falls for several years, Mayor of the city for two terms, and Representative to the Twenty-eighth General Assembly of Iowa from the Sixty-sixth District (Black Hawk County) one term, being elected in 1899. As a member of the Com- mittee on Appropriations in the Legislature he was especially influen- tial and successful in securing an appropriation of $100,000 for a new building for the State Normal School in Cedar Falls and other appro- priations for support aggregating about $70,000. He was reelected to the Legislature in 1891, serving in the session of 1892, and was Chairman of the Committee on Railroads and COmmerce. He Was also on the Appropriations Committee, When he secured the passage of a bill levying a tax for the State Normal School at Cedar Falls, amounting to $300,000, for building purposes, and an appropriation of $85,000 for biennial support and improvement. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a Shriner, and a member of the B. P. O. Elks and the Ancient Order Of United WOrkmen. - Mr. Wise was married, April 28, 1869, to Miss Susan A. Parmelee, of Clinton, N. Y., and has six children: Clarence H., born April 14, 1870; Parke E., born September 18, 1871; Bertha H., born May 6, 1875; Ethel R., born February 8, 1880; Nellie S., born June 18, 1884; and Harold F., born September 13, 1886. sºnal ALENTINE GRAFF, of Clarinda, a prominent business man, Ağ a veteran of the Civil War, and a Representative in the Twenty-ninth General Assembly of Iowa, was born in Ger- many on the 4th of October, 1842. His father also bore the name of Valentine. In August, 1851, he came to this country with his parents, Valentine and Agnes Graff, and settled in Andrew Coun- ty, Mo., where he received a common school education. He became a clerk in a clothing store in Savannah, Mo., in 1857, and continued in that employment until October 20, 1861, when he enlisted in the Mis- souri State Militia. In 1862 he reenlisted in the militia service, and HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 231 the next year (October 20, 1863) volunteered in Company G, Twelfth Missouri Cavalry. He served in that regiment until honorably dis- charged from the army on the 1st of January, 1866, having been pro- moted to Sergeant. His record in the Union ranks of the Civil War is a brilliant One. In September, 1869, Mr. Graff opened a clothing store in Clarinda, Iowa, which he successfully conducted until 1891, when he sold out. Afterward he engaged in his present business as a dealer in dry goods, carpets, notions, groceries, etc. As a pronounced Republican Mr. Graff has been active in local poli- tics for several years. He has served as Chairman of the Republican Congressional Committee of his district since July, 1898, and in this and other capacities has contributed materially to the party’s success. He was elected to the lower House of the Twenty-eighth General As- sembly of Iowa from the Ninth District in November, 1899, as a Re- publican, and was reelected to the Twenty-ninth General Assembly in November, 1901, and during both terms was Chairman of the Com- mittee on the Hospital for the Insane and a member of the Committees on Ways and Means, Appropriations, Mines and Mining, Building and Loan, the Soldiers' and Orphans’ Home, and the Institute for Deaf and Dumb. In the Senate he has displayed the same ability and energy which have won for him so much success in business life and in other public positions. As a citizen he is highly esteemed. He is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic and actively identified with the community in which he resides. Mr. Graff was married, October 25, 1870, to Nannie E. Fairley, of Hillisboro County, Ohio, and has had six children: Rose, born August 21, 1871, died in August, 1872; Walter A., born December 31, 1875; Gerald Gilbert, born Nevember 16, 1879; Everett Dwight, born Au- gust 7, 1883; and Myra and Mary (twins), born January 28, 1891. E. KENDALL, a prominent lawyer, Republican, and member of the Legislature, of Albia, Monroe County, Iowa, has been a lifelong resident of that State. He is the SOn Of Elijah L. Kendall and LIIGinda Stephens, whose ancestors came to this country from Ireland. Mr. Kendall was born on his father's farm in Lucas County, Iowa, March 17, 1868, and re. ceived a good country school education. He read law in the office of Stuart Brothers, of Chariton, was admitted to the Iowa bar on the 232 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 14th of May, 1889, and from that time to the present has been actively and successfully engaged in the general practice of his profession in Albia, Monroe County, where he resides. Mr. Kendall has been an ardent Republican from boyhood, and for fifteen years or more has taken an active part in local and State poli- tics. He was elected County Attorney of Monroe County in 1892 and again in 1894, and served three terms (1893-99) as a member of the Re- publican State Committee, being Vice-Chairman and Secretary of that body. He was twice elected to the State Legislature and served with ability and satisfaction in the lower EIouse of the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth General Assemblies. To his services as a legislator he brought the same industry, ability, and energy which have charac- terized his professional career. - On the 20th of April, 1896, Mr. Kendall married Miss Belle Wooden, of Centerville, Iowa. ; : VLSWORTH ROMINGER, lawyer and Republican leader, of Rºl Bloomfield, Iowa, is the son of Uriah and Sarah E. Romin- ger, both of German descent, whose ancestors came to this * country from the Fatherland and settled in North Carolina. He is a son of Iowa, having been born in Davis County on the 6th of September, 1862. His father was a prosperous farmer, and he spent his early life in agricultural pursuits. From 1886 to 1890 he attended the Iowa Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant, taking the scien- tific course and studying literature. Subsequently he spent two years in the law department of the State University of Iowa, and was ad- mitted to the bar before the State and Federal courts in June, 1892. Since then he has practiced his profession in Bloomfield with con- stantly increasing success. - For three terms following his admission to the bar Mr. Rominger was City Attorney of Bloomfield. During one term (1895-96) he served as County Attorney of Davis County. In these capacities as well as in private practice he distinguished himself as an able, industrious, and painstaking lawyer. - Politically a Republican, Mr. Rominger has taken an active part in every State and local campaign during the last decade, and as an able and energetic party leader is widely known and highly respected. For two years he was in the employ of the Republican State Central Com- mittee of Iowa. In 1898 he was elected State Senator to fill the va- cancy for the Third Senatorial District, composed of Davis and Ap- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 233 panoose Counties, and served one year. On this occasion no other candidate appeared in the field. He is a member of Bloomfield Lodge, No. 23, I. O. O. F., of the Modern Woodmen of America, and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Mr. Rominger was married, December 28, 1892, to Rose M. An- drews, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and has two daughters: Florence V. and Ellen Louise. .10WARD WEBSTER BYERS, a prominent Republican leader *śl of Harlan, Shelby County, Iowa, was born in Woodstock, Richland County, Wis., on the 25th of December, 1856. His parents, Dr. Andrew C. and Mary (Holwell) Byers, natives of Pennsylvania, were among the pioneers of Wisconsin, and endured all the hardships incident to frontier life. Dr. Byers was one of the early physicians of that territory. - - Mr. Byers attended the district schools of his native State until he was fourteen years of age. In 1873 he moved to Garner, Hancock County, Iowa, and for two years worked on a farm for J. B. Daggett. Subsequently he taught school for a time in Shelby County. In 1880 he entered a dry goods store in Harlan. In 1886 he began the study of law in the office of Macy & Gammon in the same town. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Iowa at the May term, 1888, and in the following year succeeded to the business of his pre- ceptors, the senior member of the firm, Hon. Nathan W. Macy, hay- ing been elected District Judge. In 1891 he formed a copartnership with Edmund Lockwood which still continues under the style of Byers & Lockwood. Politically Mr. Byers has always been a Republican, and for sev- eral years has occupied a recognized position as one of the party’s ablest leaders in the State. He was elected to the Legislature from Shelby County in 1893 and again in 1895, serving in the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth General Assemblies, and in 1896 was unanimously elected Speaker of the House. In this capacity he presided over the long extra session of 1897, which revised the code of the State. His rulings were always firm, impartial, and just, and won for him great popularity with every member of the Assembly. The press were a unit in according him the honor of being one of the ablest Speakers the House ever had. Mr. Byers was a Republican candidate for the nomination for Congressman in the Ninth Congressional District in 234 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1896 and again in 1898, and in 1899 was returned to the Legislature. He was Permanent Chairman of the Republican State Convention which nominated Mr. Cummins for Governor, and performed mOSt excellent service in the campaign which followed. Mr. Byers is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Knights of Pythias, and esteemed as a citizen of ability, integrity, and enterprise. He was married in May, 1881, to Mary J., daughter of J. E. Winegar, of Harlan, Iowa, and has six children: James C., born in 1883; Frank E., born in 1886; Beatrice, born in 1889; Edmund, born in 1891; DOW Jackson, born in 1893; and William McKinley, born in 1897. tº REEMAN RICHARD CONAWAY, of Des Moines, was born §ºl in Brooklyn, Iowa, August 24, 1859. He is the son of Dr. John Conaway, one of Iowa’s most prominent pioneer phy- sicians, who served on several State boards, being a Trustee of the Iowa Hospital for the Insane and other institutions. He also served as State Senator in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth General AS- semblies, representing the Counties of Poweshiek and Tama. He died in 1882, at the age of sixty-three years. - Mr. Conaway attended the Iowa State Normal School at Cedar Falls and then taught a country school. Afterward he attended the Iowa Wesleyan University at Mount Pleasant. He was a member of the Hamlin Literary Society and the Beta. Theta Pi Greek fraternity, and was President of the Tow Liners, the campaign club composed of col- lege and town young men. He cast his first vote for James A. Gar- field for President. In 1881 Mr. Conaway took hold of the Brooklyn Chronicle, a weekly publication, and continued as its editor and publisher for fourteen years. He was elected State Printer by the Iowa Legislature in 1894, after a very stormy campaign, and was twice reelected to that position without opposition. For three years he was Secretary of the Iowa Press Association. He served as Secretary of the Iowa Republican League and was afterward elected President. After he retired from the position of State Printer he conducted one of the largest printing houses in Iowa, and has since become the manager of the Puck Manu- facturing Company, one of the leading soap manufacturing concerns in the West. * He is a member of the Board Of Education of the West Des Moines schools and has been prominent in public affairs of the city, being a HISTORY OF THIC REPUBLICAN PARTY. 235 member of the Boards of Directors of the Commercial Exchange, of the Jobbers and Manufacturers Association, and of the Iowa Methodist Hospital. He is a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree, a Shriner, an Elk, a Knight of Pythias, a D. O. K. K., and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and served as Superintendent of the North Des Moines Methodist Episcopal Sunday School. Mr. Conaway was married August 15, 1889, to Miss Minnie Cole, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa, a daughter of the late Robert Cole, who was for years the manager of the firm of Cole Brothers, pump and light- ning rod manufacturers, of Saint Louis, Greencastle, and Council Bluffs. They have two children: Laura Maude and Richard Cole. gº BARLES WASHINGTON MULLAN, of Waterloo, Attorney- §§: General of Iowa, and one of the leading Republicans in the State, was born in Wayne County, Ill., on the 31st of De- cember, 1845. His father, Charles Mullan, was born in Pennsylvania in 1811 and his mother, America (Virden) Mullan, in Lexington, Ky., in 1819. They moved to Iowa in 1846 and located at What is now the City of Waterloo, being among the pioneers of that Section. Mr. Mullan has spent practically his whole life in Iowa, being only a few months old. When his parents moved into the State. He was educated at the Upper Iowa University, read law in the office of a private tutor, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. Since then he has been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his profes- Sion in Waterloo. He soon came into prominence as a lawyer of abil. ity, and in 1878 became City Solicitor, serving as such until 1884. From 1886 to 1892 he held the office of County Attorney. He was elected State Senator from the Thirty-eighth Senatorial District (Black Hawk and Grundy Counties) in 1897 and served in the Senate until 1901, when he resigned to accept the office of Attorney-General of Iowa, to which he had been elected by a large majority. In this capacity he has displayed the same high ability and integrity which have characterized his Career at the bar. He is President of the Waterloo Water Company, a Knight Templar Mason, a prominent Republican, and a public spirited, enterprising citizen. November 6, 1872, he married Emma L. Hammond and they have four children: Charles H., Frances G., Alice M., and Alfred W. 236 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. fºLVI FRANKLIN POTTER, a prominent banker and Repub- §| lican leader of Oakland, Pottawattamie County, Iowa, for twenty years, and now a banker and resident of Harlan, - Shelby County, Iowa, is the son of Levi Brigham and Hitty (Wenzel) Potter, of New England ancestry, and a great-grandson of Ebenezer Potter and Colonel Levi Brigham, both distinguished Sol- diers in the Continental Army in the War of the Revolution. He was born in Wauwatosa, Milwaukee County, Wis., March 27, 1855, his father having settled in that State in 1839. After completing his education at Ripon and Beloit Colleges, in Wisconsin, he taught school for three years, and then (1879) moved to Oakland, Iowa, where he engaged in the mercantile business. In March, 1884, he became a partner and Cashier of the Citizens Bank, now the Citizens State Bank, of Oakland, and Occupied that position until September, 1899, when he removed to Harlan, the county seat of Shelby County, and organized the First National Bank at that place, of which he is President. In October, 1900, he purchased the Bank of Defiance at Defiance, Iowa, and in March, 1901, he organized the Kingfisher National Bank of Kingfisher, Oklahoma. He is now President Of the three latter banks and Vice-President Of the Citizens State Bank of Oakland, Iowa, and has the general management of all of them. He is a prominent member of the Iowa Banking Asso- ciation, has served in its Executive Council and upon its Legislative Committee, and for two terms was Treasurer of the association. In public life as well as in business affairs Mr. Potter has won a high reputation for energy, ability, and excellent judgment. He has always been a stanch Republican. He served two terms as Mayor of Oakland, and was elected to represent his county in the Twenty-sixth General Assembly of Iowa, which met in 1896, and which reconvened in extra session in 1897 to complete the codification of the laws of the State. He was reelected to the Twenty-seventh General Assembly, which met in 1898, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. In this session he introduced and se- eured the passage of a number of important bills, including House file 199, which provides for shorter forms for assessment rolls and assessors’ books; House file 165, appropriating an additional $25,000 for the Iowa exhibit at the Trans-Mississippi Exposition; House file 101, which extends the terms of school treasurers from one to two years; and House file 147, which provides for severe penalties for the adulteration of candy. During his first term he was also active in securing important legislation, and in both sessions was prominently HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 237 identified with bills taxing express companies and encouraging the beet sugar industry. In the promotion of the latter he was one of the pioneers in Iowa. º - Mr. Potter has a delightful home in Harlan, Iowa. He was married in 1881 to Miss M. J. Wood. sº AIRREN SCOTT DUNGAN was born at Frankfort Springs, #| Beaver County, Pa., September 12, 1822, his parents being David Davis Dungan and Isabella McFarren. He was brought up on his father's farm a mile and a half from the village. His first schooling was received in the subscription schools of the period, prior to the adoption of the common school system in that State. His principal education, however, was obtained at Frank- fort Springs Academy, which he attended for about four years, work- ing on the farm in the summer time. After leaving the academy he taught school in winter and worked on the farm in summer. He very . much desired to obtain a liberal education, and at one time it was his father's intention to send him to Jefferson College, but he afterward concluded that he could not afford to spare him from the farm and so his ambition in that direction was not gratified. He remained on the farm until he was twenty-eight years old. During the last two years of that time he had full control and management of the home- stead, his earnings as teacher as well as the surplus products of the farm, while he remained on it, going to the support of the family. In the fall of 1851 Mr. Dungan went South in pursuance of a long cherished desire to see and learn more of the people and institutions of that portion of the republic and to engage in teaching while there. The first year he became tutor to the families of Rickets and Harris on their sugar plantation five miles east of Baton Rouge, La., and in 1852 he opened a select school in Panola, Panola County, Miss., where he taught for two years. During the latter of those years he read law with Colonel Calvin Miller, a leading lawyer of Northern Mississippi. In the fall of 1854 he returned to Pennsylvania and entered the law office of Roberts & Quay, of Beaver, Pa., where he was admitted to the bar of that State on April 23, 1856. Mr. Dungan at once moved to Iowa, reaching Chariton on June 14 of that year. He opened a law office, and has been engaged in the practice of his profession there ever since. The reasons which induced him to locate in Iowa were many. He had been there several times, his first trip being made in the spring of 1848. At that time he was 238. HISTORY OF • THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. as far west as Princeton, Kiskekosh County. The trip was taken by steamboat from Pittsburg, Pa., down the Ohio and up the Mississippi to Keokuk. The stage made but tri-weekly trips from Keokuk to Fair- field at that time, and, the stage having left Keokuk an hour before his arrival there, he started on foot and made thirty miles that day, but was so footsore he had to Wait until the Stage Should Overtake him on its next trip west. I'rom Fairfield to Princeton (now Albia), there being no public conveyance, he secured passage in a farm wagon, owned and driven by a Mr. Anderson, the first Representative in the first Legislature of the State from Kiskekosh (now Monroe) County. The purpose of this trip to Iowa Was to 100k after the estate of his brother, Dr. Levi Dungan, who died the year before at Clark’s Point, in that county. Mr. Dungan's return trip was made in a very different way. He purchased a horse and rode on horseback all the Way across Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and West Virginia to his home in Penn- Sylvania. The hardships and dangers as well as the romances of that journey on horseback at that early day, in the wild and unsettled con- dition of much of the country over which he passed, would take many pages to relate, and can only be fully appreciated by those who have had a somewhat similar experience. He visited Iowa again in 1850 on the same business. His third trip to the State was in 1853, during his summer vacation of his Mississippi school. He then entered one hundred and sixty acres of land in Lu- cas County. In 1855 he again went to Chariton, partly on a collection tour for eastern parties and partly to look for a location to put out his shingle as a lawyer. - In the fall of 1861 Mr. Dungan was elected to the State Senate, from the district composed of the Counties of Monroe and Lucas, over his opponent, Hon. Robert Coles, now deceased. He was a Republican. After serving in the regular session of the Ninth General Assembly of 1862, and in the extra session of that Assembly in the fall of that year, he resigned his position of Senator to enter the army. He commenced July 4, 1862, to recruit a company, having a recruiting commission from Governor Kirkwood. On August 9 the company was organized and Mr. Dungan was elected Captain, but never was com- missioned as such. This company afterward became Company K, Thirty-fourth Iowa Infantry Volunteers, in the organization of which he was commissioned its Lieutenant-Colonel. At the close of the War he was commissioned Brevet-Colonel, United States Volunteers, for gallant services in the campaign in the rear of Mobile, Ala. Colonel Dungan had the command of his regiment about one-third of the time HISTORY OF THE IREPUBLICAN PARTY. 239 it was in service, and was its principal drill master all the time. Im- mediately upon the organization of his company he marched it to Des Moines, and while there, on the 1st day of September, he and all his men were sworn into the service of the United States as privates. The company was taken to Des Moines with the hope of being placed in the Twenty-third Iowa Regiment, then in formation there, but after wait- ing about three weeks, and not having been assigned to any regiment, the men became impatient lest they might not get into the army at all, WARREN SCOTT DUNGAN. and at Mr. Dungan's request Lieutenant John O. Coles, of Company K, was commissioned a United States mustering officer, and by him all were mustered into the United States service. While Mr. Dungan had his company in Des Moines the extra session of the Ninth General As- sembly was held for the purpose of providing for taking the soldiers' vote in the field. At that session Senator Dungan, as Chairman of the Dommittee on Elections, introduced the bill for that purpose. The 240 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. bill had been drawn up by John F. Dillon, then a member of the Su-. preme Court of the State. The members of the Legislature were very, anxious that the law should be drawn so carefully that it would re- ceive the support of the Supreme Court if it should ever be tested, and, Judge Dillon being a learned and profound jurist, they believed that a bill drawn by him would stand the required test. Colonel Dungan served with his regiment during its three years and more of gallant and arduous service, except when absent on sick leave and except the last eight months of its service, when he was on the staff of Major-General C. C. Andrews as Inspector-General, Second Division, Thirteenth Army Corps. The first experience of the regi- ment was at the first attack on Vicksburg, Miss., under Sherman, the latter part of December, 1862. Colonel Dungan was with the regi- ment in most of the long marches, battles, and sieges in which it par- ticipated, including the siege of Vicksburg and capture of Mobile, Ala., and in the capture of its last defense, Fort Blakely, April 9, 1865. Since the War Colonel Dungan has represented his county in the House of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth General Assemblies, in the latter of which he was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, the posi- tion most coveted by the members who belong to the legal fraternity. in the fall of 1887 he was elected to the State Senate to represent the district composed of the Counties of Wayne and Lucas, and served in the Senate of the Twenty-second and Twenty-third General Assem- blies. At the general election of 1893 Colonel Dungan was chosen Lieutenant-Governor, and as such presided over the Senate of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1872, which nominated General Grant for President for a second term, and was that year a Grant Presidential Elector for the Seventh Congressional District of Iowa and had the honor to vote directly for General Grant for Presi- dent. Colonel Dungan was the first City Solicitor of Chariton after the office became elective. His salary as fixed by the City Council was $1.00. The perquisites were about on a par with the salary. He was elected County Attorney for Lucas County and served as such during the years 1897 and 1898. He is at present a Referee in Bankruptcy for his county. - In religion he is a Presbyterian, being a Ruling Elder in the First Presbyterian Church of Chariton, and has three times been chosen a delegate to the General Assembly of that denomination. He is the IHISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 241 only remaining charter member of the Chariton church surviving. That church was organized July 5, 1856. In his legislative action Colonel Dungan went upon the presumption that the weak demanded protection rather than the strong, because the latter could protect themselves more easily than the former. He is the author of the law giving coal miners a first lien upon the oper- ators’ property for their wages. He is also the author of the law pro- viding for the preservation of the flags carried by Iowa soldiers in the War of the Rebellion in “hermetically sealed glass cases '' in the rotunda of the capitol. Colonel Dungan introduced into the Nine- teenth General Assembly Joint Resolution No. 12, proposing four con- stitutional amendments, all of which were adopted by the electors of the State by majorities ranging from 30,000 to 80,000. The first re- lated to the general election dispensing with the October election, leaving one instead of two elections a year. The second related to the judges of the District Court, providing for an increase of district judges, by which the Circuit Court became unnecessary, and under which it was abolished. The third related to the grand jury and en- abled the Legislature to reduce the number from twelve to five or seven. The fourth did away with the office of district attorney and Substituted that Of COunty attorney. These amendments have saved the State many thousands and Derhaps hundreds of thousands of dol- lars. As Lieutenant-Governor his rulings were so impartial, and his familiarity with parliamentary law so accurate, that not a single ap- peal was taken from his decisions during the entire session. The Daily State Register of April 16, 1894, said of him : No man ever presided over the Senate with greater success than Warren S. Dungan. He was absolutely fair. There was never a murmur of complaint during the whole session. He was prompt in his rulings and he kept business moving right along. He was even great enough to correct a mistake when he thought he had made one. His voice, peculiarly adapted to the position, kept up to the end. Colonel Dungan is still in prime vigor and there was not a Senator but hoped to see him preside over the Senate of the Twenty-sixth General As- sembly. :HARLES WILLIAM PHILLIPS, of Maquoketa, Secretary of §§§ the Republican State Committee of Iowa, has been a life. long resident of that State, having been born in Jackson * County on the 22d of January, 1868. He is the son of A. M. and Mary M. Phillips. His father has been for many years a railway postal clerk. Mr. Phillips was educated at Maquoketa, where he resides. He has & - * * r * * * .*.*.*.*.*.*.*** - * * * * 242 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. taken an active part in politics from boyhood, and is now a member of the Republican State Central Committee, Secretary of the Repub- lican State Committee, and Chairman of the Republican Congressional Committee of the Second District, comprising the Counties of Clinton, Iowa, Jackson, Johnson, Muscatine, and Scott. His valuable services as a party leader have brought him into prominence throughout the State and won for him a high standing among those eminent in polit- ical affairs. He is a Mason and a Knight of Pythias, and is unmar- ried. ºlo HN Y. STONE, of Glenwood, formerly Attorney-General of : ă Iowa, was born on a farm in Sangamon County, twelve miles north of Springfield, Ill., on the 23d of April, 1843. His paternal ancestors were early settlers of Virginia. Will- iam L. Stone, his father, who died in August, 1899, Was a prosperous farmer. His wife, Mary E. McLemore, the mother of John Y. Stone, died at Athens, Ill., in February, 1856, and in the same year the family moved to Mills County, Iowa, settling on a farm upon which the son spent the remainder of his youth. The latter attended the common schools in Illinois and Iowa and later pursued private Courses in Greek, Latin, philosophy, history, and higher mathematics. From boyhood he has been an indefatigable student, not only in the English branches, but in general literature. In October, 1861, Mr. Stone enlisted as a private in General Bel- knap's Fifteenth Iowa Infantry Regiment, and became an Orderly Sergeant, Second Lieutenant, and brigade staff officer (April, 1864), participating in all the battles in which General Crocker's famous Iowa brigade took part, from Shiloh to Savannah, including Sher- man’s march to the sea. He was often commended for gallantry, effi- ciency, and bravery in action, especially by General Belknap, was near General McPherson when that great officer fell, and in the battles before Atlanta, where two horses were killed under him, performed the duties of an Aide-de-Camp. He was honorably discharged in De- cember, 1864. After the war Mr. Stone read law, was admitted to the bar, and soon came into wide prominence as a lawyer of unusual ability. He also took an active part in politics, and as a Republican was elected to the lower House of the General Assembly of Iowa in 1867, to which he was reelected. At the end of his second term he was elected State Senator to represent the Counties of Mills, Montgomery, and Potta- fIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 243 wattamie, and served a full term of four years beginning in January, 1872. He was then reelected to the House and became Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. In 1877 he was again elected to the lower House, and in the Republican caucus was nominated by acclamation for the Speakership. Mr. Stone was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1876 and 1884, being Chairman of the Iowa delegation in the latter year. From 1876 to 1880 he was the Iowa member of the National Republican Committee and a member of the Executive Committee of that body. He was elected Attorney-General of Iowa in 1888, by a large majority, and was reelected in 1890 and again in 1892. In 1894 he was appointed by the Legislature as one of five commissioners to codify the laws of the State, and in that capac- ity rendered valuable service. Mr. Stone is a man of eminent ability, and as a lawyer and public officer has made an enviable record. His services in the Legislature, in the responsible position of Attorney-General, and at the bar have won for him great distinction throughout the State, while his activity in political affairs has long made him a trusted leader. He has also taken a deep interest in horticulture, and at one time had the largest orchard and Vineyard in Iowa, having more than 100,000 trees and 75,000 grape vines. He is now actively engaged in the practice of law in COuncil Bluffs and Glenwood. January 8, 1868, Mr. Stone married Miss Harriet Solomon, and they have one surviving son, John Clarence Stone, born May 5, 1871, who married, October 4, 1894, Miss Jessie de Lashmutt, and has two chil, dren: John Ernest, born July 4, 1895, and Laurence, born September 9, 1897. * * * * : **-3 rºº ºf . º. ºx_1, ... . º Yºsë | :ESTER WARREN LEWIS, of Clarinda, Iowa, born in Maple #| Park, Ill., August 8, 1860, is the son of Seth Lewis, a suc- cessful lumberman, banker, and man of affairs, and Celina (Woodworth) Lewis, a native of New York, who was edu- cated in the old Warrenville Academy, at Chicago, in the early history of that city. He is in the eighth generation from James Lewis, who came from England with his brother John and settled at Barnstable, Mass. The family has been engaged in farming for almost two cen- turies, and One member after another has occupied the old homestead at Suffield, COnn., Where Seth Lewis was born. He was one of the pioneers of Aurora, Ill. His wife Celina had three brothers in the Union Army, one of whom, Dr. John M. Woodworth, was a surgeon on the staff of General John A. Logan and afterward the first Supervis- 244 EIISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ing Surgeon-General of the marine hospitals of the United States. Lester W. Lewis was educated in the common schools of Marengo, Ill., the Chicago High School, and Wheaton College, graduating from the latter institution in 1882, with an excellent record. He found him- self in Iowa on the Fourth of July of that year without a dollar, but With plenty of energy, and at once entered his father's lumber yard in Seymour, Wayne County. In 1883 and 1884 he taught in the grammar room of the Seymour schools and also kept books for his father, and in May of the latter year he purchased a second-hand out- fit and started the Seymour Press, which he published, in connection With other employment, until January, 1895. Ilater he became Assist- ant Cashier of the Farmers and Drovers Bank of Seymour, and on January 1, 1886, Secured an interest in that institution and was elected its Cashier. In 1895 he resigned this position to become Vice-Presi- dent of the Page County Bank of Clarinda, Iowa, where he resides. As a Republican Mr. Lewis has taken an active part in politics for fifteen years or more. He was elected to the House of the Twenty- second General Assembly of Wayne County in 1887 and to that of the Twenty-third General Assembly in 1889, and in 1891 was elected State Senator from the COunties of Wayne and Lucas. In both the House and Senate he was Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, and distinguished himself in many important legislative measures, especially in connection with those for the more economical adminis- tration of county and State government and for the regulation of State banks. In 1901 he was again elected Senator for four years from the Page-Fremont district. He is President of the Clarinda Business Men's Association, of the Page County Building and Loan Association, and of the Yorktown Savings Bank; Vice-President of the Clarinda Chautauqua Association; and a Director of several banks in Page County. He is an able business man and a public spirited citi zen. In the Presbyterian Church he has been an earnest worker since his college days. - & Mr. Lewis was married September 13, 1882, to Miss Nellie E. Hills, one of his classmates and fellow graduates at Wheaton College, and they have five children: Eva, Olive, Florence, Lester, and Marion. gººHIRLEY GILLILLAND, of Glenwood, Iowa, was born of § Scotch-Irish parentage in a log cabin on the banks of the Missouri River, in Mills County, in December, 1855, and has been a lifelong resident of the State. He remained on the farm and attended the common schools of the neighborhood until LHISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 245 he was seventeen years old, when he went to Iowa City. There, in January, 1874, he entered the State University, from which he was graduated with commencement honors in 1879, working evenings, Sat- urdays, and vacations to help pay his expenses. In 1879-80 he was connected with the Iowa City Republican and Gate City, but failing health caused by the strain of morning daily service compelled him to return to the old farm in Mills County, where he was engaged in farming summers and teaching winters for two years. He entered the law department of the State University in 1883 and was graduated therefrom in 1884, being one of the com- mencement eight in a class of one hundred and three. In June of that year he formed a copartnership with Hon. John Y. Stone, at Glenwood, Iowa, which continued until Mr. Stone became Attorney-General in 1889. Since then he has practiced alone. Mr. Gillilland has frequently been called upon to serve in positions of responsibility. He was active while in college, being the annual commencement orator for the Irving Society in 1878, salutatorian for the annual program of the same society in February, 1879, and a debater on the society’s annual program in 1884. In 1885 he was Selected by the law faculty and the Supreme Court as one of the ex- amining board to represent the class of 1884, and in 1894 he was again appointed to the same position. The next year (1895) he was selected by the Supreme Court as a member of a committee of three to examine applicants for admission to practice before that tribunal. He was elected by the Board of Regents of the State University in 1891 as a member from the Ninth Congressional District to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of J. J. McConneil, and was elected by the Legislature in 1892 for a full term and reelected in 1898. In 1892 he was elected County Attorney of Mills County, to which office he was twice reelected, declining a fourth nomination in 1898 to enter the contest for State Senator from the district Comprising Mills and Mont- gomery Counties. During his service of six years as prosecuting at- torney for Mills County he secured the conviction of one hundred and eighteen persons in the District Court and collected for the county over $15,000. The county did not pay a dollar during the entire period for assistant counsel. For years Mr. Gillilland has been an active and influential Repub- lican, a trusted party leader, and prominent in the conventions and campaigns. He has been very active in bringing Mills County into notice as a fruit region, has served as presiding officer of two apple carnivals, and has been President of the Old Settlers Association of 246 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Fremont, Mills, and Montgomery Counties. In religion he is a Congre- gationalist, and was a delegate to the National Congregational Asso- eiation at Portland, Ore., in 1898. Mr. Gillilland married Elsie Moulton, and has three children: Paul and Grace and Nathan F., of all of whom he is very proud. ńILLIAM HENRY FREEMAN, a well known banker of Oak * land, Iowa, was born at Rockford, Ill., on the 11th of April, 1844, his parents being Daniel Freeman, a farmer and a native of Saint Louis, Mo., and Mary Waller, a native of Kentucky. In March, 1866, the family moved to Iowa and settled in Pottawattamie County, where the father still resides at the age of eighty-four. - Mr. Freeman attended the public schools in Illinois and Wisconsin, where he began active life in the lumber business. Later he was en- gaged in the same business in Oakland, Iowa. In 1882 he engaged in banking, and is now President of the Citizens State Bank of Oakland, Vice-President of the First National Bank of PIarlan, and President of the Bank of Defiance, all in Iowa. He is also engaged in the cattle and commission business in Chicago under the firm name of W. H. Freeman & Co. In these various business connections he has devel- oped rare ability and judgment and achieved marked success. As a Republican Mr. Freeman has been for many years an active and influential factor in politics. He was the first Mayor of Oakland, serving two terms, and for some time held the office of Justice of the Peace. He is a Past Master of Ark Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of Oak- land, a member of the Masonic Chapter at Avoca, and a member of the Commandery of Knight Templars of Harlan. September 21, 1869, Mr. Freeman married Malinda J., daughter of Albert Shipp, of Avoca, Iowa, and they have two children: Jennie May and Alden Clyde. ;ABAN FILLMORE MAPLE, Postmaster of Chariton, Iowa, § is the son of William and Sarah (Corogill) Maple, natives of Ohio, who moved to Peoria County, Ill., in 1838. There Mr. Maple was born on the 10th of November, 1846. In 1856, when he was ten years old, the family removed to Iowa and settled on a farm in Lucas County, where he spent his youth, attending the public schools and working on the farm, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLIC AN PARTY. 247 He enlisted in Company K, Forty-sixth Iowa Volunteers, and served in the Union Army during his term of enlistment (one hundred days), being on detached service under Colonel T). B. Henderson, now Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. Since the war Mr. Maple has taken an active part in county and State politics, as a Republican, and in various local positions has de- veloped acknowledged ability in leadership. He was appointed Post- master of Chariton by President McKinley and reappointed by Presi- dent Roosevelt, and is now holding that office. Mr. Maple was married, January 15, 1872, to Ella, daughter of Dr. James D. Wright, of Chariton, Iowa, who bore him three daughters: Edith, Lola Florence, and Margaret E. Mrs. Maple died April 30, 1890, and on October 27, 1898, he married Mrs. Calla V. Pickell, of Ottumwa, Iowa. : AMIES MILLARD BRENTON, Mayor of the City of Des || Moines, has been a lifelong resident of Iowa, having been born at Adel, Dallas County, on the 30th of August, 1856. His parents, Dr. J. B. Brenton and Elizabeth Glenn, were natives of Kentucky, but moved to near Indianapolis, Ind., and thence to Iowa. His maternal grandfather, Rev. Archibald Glenn, preached the first sermon ever delivered in Indianapolis, and Rev. James Bren- ton, his paternal grandfather, was also a minister of the Gospel in days when circuit riders of the Methodist denomination performed their duties with bravery and courage. . . Mr. Brenton received a public school education, graduating from the high school when twenty-one years of age. In the meantime he had learned the blacksmith's trade, which he began at the age of four. teen. After graduation he taught School for seventeen years, achiev- ing in that work a high standing and marked success. In 1890 he engaged in the ice business in Des Moines, where he took up his resi- dence in 1893. He continued in this business until July, 1901. In 1887 Mr. Brenton began his political career. He soon came into prominence as an earnest, enthusiastic Republican whose abilities for leadership drew around him a large following. In 1896 he achieved special distinction for his activity on the stump, delivering no less than sixty-three speeches in the State during the campaign of that year. Since then he has devoted from four to six weeks each fall to cam- paigning for the Republican party. He entered with great vigor and activity into city, county, and State politics in the autumn of 1897, 248 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. was elected Superintendent of Schools of Polk County in that year, and was reelected to the same office in 1899, and filled it With credit and satisfaction. In 1902 he was elected Mayor of the City of Des Moines after one of the greatest political contests ever Waged in a municipality, overthrowing what was known as the “McVicar Ring” and receiving a majority of 833. The success of the Republicans in this noted fight was largely due to Mr. Brenton's popularity among all classes as well as to his masterful leadership and eXecutive ability. PIe is a man of great energy and magnetic influence in whom the peo- ple have every confidence. As a citizen he is universally respected. He was married in November, 1886, to Mrs Mattie A. Hemminger, of LaWrence, Kan. His EORGE MELVILLE CHRISTIAN, of Grinnell, United States [. Marshal for the Southern District of Iowa, was born in Chicago, Ill., June 19, 1847, on the site of the present Chi- cago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad station at Van Buren and La Salle Streets. His paternal ancestors were Manxmen, while those on his mother's side were English, the latter, Lucy Anna Patrick, being a native of Ware, Mass. His father, David William Christian, a cabinet maker and carpenter, was born in Albany, N. Y., in 1813, and served four years in the Civil War as a soldier in the Fifty-first Illinois Infantry. Mr. Christian attended the public schools of Chicago and Bryant & Stratton’s Commercial College in Davenport, Iowa. As a boy he be- gan to earn money by folding papers for the Chicago Press and Tribune, owned by the famous “Long John ” Wentworth. In 1860 he was a inessenger for Hon. Stephen A. Douglas while that noted Democratic leader was President of the United States Fair in Chicago. The next year he became a news agent on the Rock Island road from Chicago to Kellogg. In 1865 he moved to Iowa, but a year later entered the employ of H. F. Royce, a general merchant and lumberman at Pond Creek, Ill., and station agent of the Rock Island Railroad at that point, of which road he subsequently became general superintendent. Mr. Royce taught him the art of telegraphy. Mr. Christian soon became an expert operator, and, as such, was employed at Tiskilwa and Morris, Pll., and in Superintendent Kimball’s office at Davenport, Iowa. In 1868 he was again in Chicago as the owner of a restaurant at 174 South Clark street. He had made an excellent reputation as a telegraph operator of more than ordinary knowledge and ability, and in that capacity, and HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 249 also as station agent, was called in 1870 to Grinnell, Iowa, where he has ever since resided. A few months after his arrival he formed a partnership with Hiram Johnson and purchased the Grinnell House, which he successfully conducted until the spring of 1877, when he pur- chased the Chapin House, the leading hotel in the city. He managed this well known house until 1890, and still owns it, and for three years (1885-88) also leased and operated the Hotel Colfax, a large summer resort hotel at the big spring a mile east of the town of Colfax, Iowa. In all these enterprises he was very successful and won a high repu- tation. Mr. Christian has always been an active Republican, has never voted any other ticket, and has filled several important offices with ability and satisfaction. He served five terms as an Alderman and two terms as Mayor of Grinnell, was for a number of years Chairman of the Re- publican County Committee, and for a time was a member of the Re- publican State Committee from the Sixth District, serving as Chair- man of the Finance Committee of that body. He has been a delegate to nearly every Republican State Convention during the last fifteen years, and in 1888 was a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention at Chicago, Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Iowa delegation, and had charge of the Allison campaign for the presiden- tial nomination. In 1889 General James S. Clarkson, then First Assist- ant Postmaster-General, appointed him Assistant Superintendent of the Railway Mail Service, which office he held fifteen months. On July 1, 1890, he was appointed Postoffice Inspector by Postmaster-General John Wanamaker, and his record in that position was so satisfactory that he was reappointed year after year and served through successive administrations until March 1, 1898, when he resigned to accept the appointment, by President McKinley, of United States Marshal for the Southern District of Iowa, having been Strongly recommended for that office by the Iowa delegation in Congress. He still holds the position of Marshal. In every capacity he has exhibited ability and judgment of a high order, and throughout his life has maintained the confidence of all who know him. He has a wide acquaintance and hosts of warm personal friends. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Franklyn Club and Congregational Church of Grinnell, and honored and respected for his public spirit, enterprise, and activity in all local affairs. His patriotism is exemplified in the fact that he tried several times to en- list in the Civil War, but was refused on account of his age. In 1869 Mr. Christian married Miss Margaret M. Rowse, of Daven. 250 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. port, Iowa, and they have four children living: George H., born April 9, 1873; Jessie Isabel, born October 27, 1876; Alma, born July 1, 1878; and Margaret, born February 11, 1886. * HOMAS THORNTON ANDERSON, of Indianola, Iowa, was born in Antrim, Guernsey County, Ohio, March 25, 1844, and is the son of Andrew Anderson and Mary Findley. On the paternal side he is of Irish descent, while on his mother's side he is Scotch. His father, a saddler by trade, moved to Iowa in 1854, arriving at Dayen- port with his family on the 1st of October, Mr. Anderson received a public school education, and in August, 1861, enlisted in Company I), Sec- on(l Iowa Cavalry, under Colonel Edward Hatch, of Muscatine. At- tached to the Western Army, he participated in all the battles and skirmishes in which his regiment took part during its four years of Service, including the two days' battle at Nashville, Tenn. He was mustered out and honorably discharged November 18, 1865, and received his final papers at Davenport. Upon returning home from the THOMAS T. ANDERSON. war Mr. Anderson engaged in the harness business at Saint Charles and Indianola, Iowa, in which he was very successful. He also took an active part in politics, becoming one of the ablest and best known Republican party leaders in his section. In the fall of 1882 he was elected Clerk of the Courts of Warren County. In October, 1886, in connection with his brother, James M. (who is now serving his second term as a member of the Iowa House of Representatives), he purchased the Indianola II erald, of which he has since been the editor, his brother being the business manager. Under Mr. Anderson's able and ener- getic editorship the Iſerald has become a power in Indianola and HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 251 vicinity as an exponent of Republican principles, and he has had an important part in shaping party affairs. He was a member of the Iowa State Republican Central Committee for three years, and from 1892 to 1896 served as Postmaster of Indianola, filling this as well as every other position with recognized ability and universal satisfac- tion. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and as a citizen is honored by all who know him. Mr. Anderson was married in November, 1866, to Clara, daughter of Jesse Liston, who was the first settler of Indianola. Mrs. Anderson died in 1890, leaving two children: E. L. Anderson, of Atlantic, Iowa, and Eva R. Anderson. I'Or his second wife Mr. Anderson married Lyde, daughter of William McCool, of Le Clair, Iowa. ::sº AMUEL FREEMAN MILLER, for many years a distin- § guished citizen of Keokuk, Iowa, was born in Richmond, Ky., April 5, 1816. On his father's side he was of German descent, the latter, a native of Pennsylvania, having moved to Kentucky in 1812, where he married and engaged in farming. He passed his early life amid pioneer scenes, and after twelve years of age attended the public and high schools of Richmond. For a time he was a clerk in a drug store. In 1836 he entered the medical de- partment of the Transylvania University, from which he was grad- uated M.D. in 1838. Returning to Richmond, he began practice there, but soon removed to Barboursville, Knox County, near the Cumberland Gap, Ky., where he followed his profession for about eight years. At this period the law attracted him more than medicine, and, relinquishing the latter, he pursued a course of legal study, was admitted to the bar in 1847, and at Once entered into the practice of law and also into politics, be- coming a strong supporter of General Zachary Taylor. In 1850 he settled in Keokuk, Iowa, and soon achieved distinction as one of the ablest and foremost lawyers in the State. He was also active in politics, and after the repeal of the Missouri Compromise his pronounced anti-slavery convictions made him one of the pioneers, founders, and leaders of the Republican party, for which he labored with a zeal and success that won for him a national reputation. Pres- ident Lincoln appointed him an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, his circuit embracing the States of Iowa, 252 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. IKansas, Minnesota, and Missouri, and afterward Arkansas, Colorado, and Nebraska. Justice Miller took his seat on the bench in December, 1862, his commission dating from July 16 of that year, and continued to officiate in that capacity until his death, which occurred at Wash- ington, D. C., on the 13th of October, 1890. He was then the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. His judicial career was one of great distinction and honor, not only to himself, but also to the country. The decisions which he rendered were, and are still, frequently cited throughout the United States as models of learning, justice, and clearness. He was the Orator on the occasion of the constitutional centennial celebration at Philadelphia, Pa., September 15, 1887, and in various other connections displayed those brilliant qualities and eminent intellectual attainments which Characterized his life. *::sºl HARLES JOHN ALFIRED ERICSON, LL.D., of Boone, Iowa, & son of Eric and Catherine (Clementson) Nelson, was born on a farm in Sodra vi Smaland, Sweden, March 8, 1840. His mother's people were prominent in church and state in the Province of Ostergotland, where they lived. His father, though in comfortable circumstances, was unable to accumulate much capital owing to the hard conditions of life, but gave his children as good a common school education as possible, and in 1852 resolved to bring the family to America. They settled in Illinois. Young Ericson, who followed the not unusual custom of assuming the first name of his father with the addition of the affix son, first worked on a farm near Moline, Ill., afterward in a saw and flour mill at Altona, Knox County, Ill., and for three years as a clerk in a store. In the spring of 1859 he moved to Min- eral Ridge, Boone County, Iowa, and opened a small coun- try store, largely on credit extended by the wholesale firm of Keyes & Crawford, of Des Moines. He also brought with him a few hundred dollars worth of goods from Illinois. He first leased a store building for three dollars a month and a rude log house of two rooms for $1.50 per month, and made frequent trips by wagon to Iowa City, the nearest railway point. In 1860 he was appointed Postmaster of Mineral Ridge under President Buchanan’s administration—because, it is said, “ no Democrat in the village could write,” and also because it was thought that the appointment would induce him to vote with the Democrats the next year, when he would attain his majority. He be- CHARLES J. A. ERICSON, LL.D. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 253 came a stanch Republican, however, and has ever since affiliated with that party. He held the office until 1870, often exchanging stamps for such barter as his patrons had to offer in lieu of money, which was then a very scarce article. In 1870 Mr. Ericson removed to Boone and engaged in the mercan- tile business and later in banking, becoming Cashier of the City Bank of Boone, a position he has held for more than a quarter of a century. This bank now has a capital of $100,000 and a surplus of about the same amount. Mr. Ericson has become one of the wealthiest men in Central Iowa. Through his energy, ability, and integrity, united with sound judgment and remarkable foresight, he has steadily enlarged his operations and added to his fortune, and has always maintained the confidence and respect of all who know him. Liberal to a fault, he has never failed to extend a helping hand to struggling enterprises. In 1899 he gave $12,800 to Augustana College at Rock Island, Ill., for a park, now known as Ericson Park, and on May 13, 1900, the college, in grateful recognition of the gift, conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. He also erected, in 1900, a fine brick building in Boone at a cost of $10,000, which he presented to the city for public library purposes, which is now known as the Ericson Memorial Li- brary. In 1867 and 1868 he built five school houses in Dodge Town- ship, Boone County, with native timber. He has been very active in developing the resources of his town and county, and from the first has held a leading place in the community as one of its foremost citizens and patriotic men. As a member of the State Legislature in the Fourteenth and Twenty, sixth General Assemblies Of IOWa. he VOted for HOn. William B. Alli- son in the latter’s first and last elections to the United States Sena- torship, and has stanchly Supported that great leader during his en- tire career in Congress. Mr. Ericson was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1872 and introduced the bill making all settlers of the Des Moines River lands occupying claimants. In 1895 he was elected to the State Senate from Boone and Story Counties, and in that body introduced the bill taxing corporations for the issuance of charters by the State, which became a law. He was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, active in shaping the financial policy of Iowa, and in 1898 secured the passage of a bill reducing the interest paid on State warrants from six to five per cent. He also took part in two revisions of the code of Iowa, first in 1873 and again 1897. Mr. Ericson has served as a Trustee and Treasurer of the First Presbyterian Church of Boone for over a quarter of a century. He is 254 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. a Past Master of the local Masonic lodge, a Past High Priest of the Masonic chapter, and Past Eminent Commander of the Knights Tem- plar Masons. He is also a member of the Grant Club of Des Moines. November 8, 1873, Mr. Ericson married Miss Nellie Linderblad, of Princeton, Ill., who died April 29, 1899, leaving one daughter, Lorena. public spirited citizen of Dubuque, Iowa, where he has re- sided since 1868, was born near Allentown, Pa., on the 1st of March, 1845. In 1858 his father, Dr. William Glasser, moved with his family to Illinois and practiced medicine there until 1868, when he removed across the Mississippi River to Iowa. Mr. Glasser was educated principally at the Allentown (Pa.) Sem- inary. In 1870, having taken up his residence in Dubuque two years before, he became a travelling salesman for Glover & Smock, whole- sale notion dealers. Later he engaged in the same business on his own account as a member of the firm of Chamberlain, Dewstoe & Co., with which he continued under different firm names until 1891, when he purchased, in connection With Peter Kiene and Others, the entire business, organizing the present corporation styled the D. C. Glasser Tobacco Company. This is one of the largest and most successful wholesale concerns in its line in the West, and maintains an extensive business. Mr. Glasser has found time outside of his large and exacting busi- ness interests to devote some attention to public affairs and politics. He has long taken an active part in Republican party councils, and has attended the State and Congressional conventions since 1880, al- ways casting his influence and energies in favor of the party's best interests and stanchly supporting its principles and candidates. Dur- ing the last two years he has been Chairman of one of the local Re- publican committees. He numbers among his numerous acquaint- ances many party leaders in the State. He was one of the organizers of the Dubuque Travelling and Business Men’s Association, which now has a membership of over four hundred, and is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. In 1871 Mr. Glasser married Agnes E. Gibbons, of Dyersville, Iowa, a native of England. They have two sons: Harry W., who is with Speaker Henderson, and David R., who is associated with his father in business. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 255 Fºl REN VILLE MELLEN DODGE, formerly of Council Bluffs, * Iowa, a distinguished officer in the Civil War and eminent as a railroad builder and financier, was born in Danvers, Mass., April 12, 1831. His father, Sylvanus Dodge, born in Rowley, Mass., in 1801, died in Council Bluffs on December 23, 1871, was in the eighth generation from Richard Dodge, who came from England to the Plymouth Colony in 1629, with his brother William. Sylvanus Dodge married Julia. Theresa Phillips, a native of New Eng- land, in 1827, and had three children: Grenville M., Nathan Phillips (1837), and Julia Mary (1843). He was a merchant and at one time Postmaster of his town. General Dodge, at the age of fourteen, entered the Durham (N. H.) Academy, and the next year became a student at the Norwich (Vt.) University, from which he was graduated as a civil engineer in 1850. Afterward he took a short course at Captain Partridge's Military Acad- emy in Vermont. In 1851 he went West and engaged in railroad construction, being associated with Hon. Peter A. Dey in the building of the Chicago and Rock Island and Mississippi and Missouri Rail- ways. He also laid out the route over which the great Pacific railroad was built, exploring the country west of the Missouri River to the Rocky Mountains. In 1854 he settled in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and engaged in engineering and freighting across the plains. The next year his parents removed to Dodge County, Neb., but three years later they returned to Council Bluffs. General Dodge assisted in organiz- ing the banking house of Baldwin & Dodge, now the Council Bluffs Savings Bank, and in 1856 he organized the Council Bluffs Guards, of Which he was Captain. When the Civil War began he was appointed Aide to the Governor of Iowa, with rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and, having organized the Fourth Iowa and Dodge Battery, joined Fremont at Saint Louis with these forces in July, 1861. In command of a brigade in January, 1862, he led the advance in the capture of Springfield, Mo., and participated at Sugar Creek and Blackburn's Mills. His gallantry at Pea Ridge Won for him the Commission of Brigadier-General of volunteers. Hav- ing supervised the rebuilding of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, he was given command of the Central Division of Mississippi, and won several battles, capturing General Faulkner and his army near Island No. 10. As commander of the Second Division, Army of the Tennessee, he de- feated General Forrest in 1863. Throughout the Atlanta campaign he commanded the Sixteenth Army Corps under Sherman, participating in all the important actions and bearing the brunt of the battle of 256 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Atlanta. A severe wound received soon after the latter engagement prevented him from accompanying the march to the sea, but he was commissioned Major-General of volunteers in command of the Depart- inent of Missouri in 1864. The following year he commanded the forces in Kansas and the territories. He resigned from the army May 30, 1866, and, returning to civil life, was elected in the same year to the Thirty-ninth Congress from the Fifth District of Iowa. During this term he continued his work as chief engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad and through his appear- ance in New York City in 1867 saved the project from financial ruin. He has long resided in New York City, and is a member of the Union League and United Service Clubs and the New England Society. He was Chief Marshal of the procession at the dedication of the Grant Mausoleum in Riverside Park in May, 1897, has been President of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, and was Chairman of the committee to erect a statue to General Sherman. He is still Chairman of the Grant Monument Association. He has built. Several important railroads, including the Texas and Pacific, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, the International and Great Northern, the Fort Worth and JDenver, and Others. He was a founder of the Loyal Legion, has served as President of the Norwich University Association of New York, and has held various other positions of honor. In 1898 he was appointed by President Me- Kinley a member of the War Investigating Commission, and was elected President of that body. He has been President of the Fort Worth and Denver Railway Company, President of the Love Electric Traction Company, and a Director of the Union Pacific Railway Com- pany, the Wichita Valley Railway, the India Wharf Brewing Com- pany, and the American Mutoscope Company. In politics General Dodge became one of the first members of the Republican party, and from Lincoln's first election actively identified himself with party affairs. gºl AMES SULLIVAN CLARKSON has been for many years a §§§ distinguished factor not only in State but in National poli- tics. He is of English, Irish, and Scotch ancestry and a lineal descendant of Thomas Clarkson, the noted English abolitionist. His paternal great-grandfather was a Colonel in the English army and was wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill, in which his maternal grandfather also fought, the latter being an officer on the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 257 American side. Soon after the war closed the former settled in New Hampshire and later in Maine, where his son and grandson were born. The grandson, Coker F. Clarkson, moved to Brookfield, Ind., and con- ducted a newspaper called the Indiana American. James S. Clarkson was born in Brookfield on May 17, 1842. He learned the printer's trade in his father's office. In 1855 he went with his father to Grundy Center, Iowa, and there attended the public Schools in winter, working on the farm summers. At the age of seven- teen he became a school teacher. He enlisted in an infantry regiment in 1861 and in a cavalry regiment in 1862, but was rejected on account of weak lungs. He continued farming and teaching for eleven years. In 1866 he went to Des Moines as a compositor on the Daily State Register. He became editor, and finally he and his brother, Richard P. Clarkson, bought the paper. This was in 1869. Mr. Clarkson con- tinued to edit the paper for nearly twenty years, and made it a con- trolling factor in Iowa State politics. As editor of the Register he led the Republican party in the movement to enfranchise the negro, Iowa being the first State to adopt an amendment of that character to its constitution. Mr. Clarkson developed a natural love for politics at a very early age. He was made Chairman of the Republican State Committee of Iowa at the age of twenty-four and served several years. At the age of twenty-five he was offered a foreign mission by President Grant, but declined it. The latter, however, appointed him Postmaster of Des Moines in 1871 and again in 1875, which position he resigned in 1877. He was for years a member of the Des Moines Board of Edu- eation and one of the Regents of the Iowa State Agricultural College. In 1881-82 he devoted much of his time and energy to railroad build- ing. In 1889 he sold his share in the Register to his brother and en- tered National politics. He became Vice-Chairman of the Repub- lican National Committee, of which he had been elected a member in 1880. With Senator Quay, Chairman of the committee, he managed the successful campaign of Harrison against Cleveland, and was ap- pointed First Assistant Postmaster-General in March, 1889, which position he resigned in August, 1890. On the resignation of Mr. Quay as Chairman of the Republican National Committee Mr. Clarkson sue- ceeded him. He was a delegate-at-large from Iowa to the National Republican Conventions from 1876 to 1888, and has participated prom- inently in the campaigns for twenty-five years. In April, 1891, he suc- ceeded John M. Thurston as President of the Republican League of the United States. In April, 1902, he was nominated by President Roose- 258 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. welt as Collector of the Port of New York to succeed Silas C. CrOft, deceased, having taken up his residence in that city Some six years previous. Mr. Clarkson was married December 26, 1867, to Miss Anna HoWell, of Pella, Iowa. They have three children. zººl EORGE FRANKLIN WIRIGHT, one of the most distin- §º guished men of Iowa, is the eldest and only survivor of four children of the late Franklin Asher Wright (born in Hanover, N. H., September 7, 1801, died in Council Bluffs, Iowa, October 5, 1876) and Caroline Susannah Tillotson (born in Ber- lin, Vt., November 3, 1807), daughter of Captain Samuel and Betsy (Wallace) Tillotson, respectively of English and Scotch descent. They were married February 27, 1833. His paternal grandparents Were Asher and Irene (Curtis) Wright, both of English extraction. Mr. Wright was born in Warren, Washington County, Vt., Decem- ber 5, 1833, and spent his early life on the farm. At the age of seven- teen he entered the West Randolph (Vt.) Academy under the tutorage of the late Hon. Austin Adams, subsequently Chief Justice of Iowa, and also taught school to help pay his way. In the spring of 1855 he moved to Keosauqua, Van Buren County, Iowa, and entered the law office of Wright, Knapp & Caldwell, the second member, Hon. Joseph C. Knapp, being his uncle. He was admitted to the bar in 1857, and the same year became a law partner of Judge Knapp and Judge Henry C. Caldwell under the firm name of Knapp, Caldwell & Wright, which continued until Judge Caldwell was appointed to the IFederal court bench at Little Rock, Ark. In 1861 Mr. Wright enlisted in the Union Army, helping to raise a company of men who elected him First Lieutenant, and which became a part of the Second Iowa Volunteers. He was obliged to return to Keosauqua, however, on account of business reasons, but did not long remain inactive. At the request of Governor Kirkwood he raised a Company of State militia, was elected Captain thereof, and did con- siderable service along the boundary between Iowa and Missouri. Mr. Wright moved with his family to Council Bluffs, Iowa, in the spring of 1868, and formed a law partnership with the late Judge Caleb Baldwin, the firm name being Baldwin & Wright. They imme- diately took high rank at the bar and became the attorneys for several railway lines. After Judge Baldwin became a Judge of the Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims Mr. Wright associated himself HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 259 with Hon. Amos J. Rising and Hon. John N. Baldwin, son of Judge Caleb Baldwin. Mr. Wright has always been an active Republican and prominent as a party leader. In 1875 he was elected State Senator from the Ninth Senatorial District of Iowa (Pottawattamie and Mills Counties), and was reelected in 1879 from the Nineteenth District, comprising the County of Pottawattamie. He was appointed United States Com- missioner by Judge John F. Dillon, and was reappointed by Judge John S. WOOlson. As a business man Mr. Wright has achieved wide prominence. He aided in organizing several coal illuminating gas companies in Iowa and Illinois, was for many years President of the company in Council Bluffs, and is now President of the local electric light company. In 1868 he was one of the builders of the first street railway in Council Bluffs. He was elected Secretary and Treasurer of the Union Ele- vator Company of Council Bluffs in 1881, and in 1886 was one of the organizers of the Omaha and Council Bluffs Railway and Bridge Com- pany, which erected a large steel bridge across the Missouri River. He also aided in organizing the Lake Manawa Railway Company in 1887, the Sprague Iron Works Company of Council Bluffs in 1888, and the Ottawa Electric Street Railway Company in 1889. In 1896 he was elected Vice-President for Iowa of the Trans-Mississippi and In- iernational Exposition at Omaha. Mr. Wright was married October 26, 1863, in Chicago, Ill., to Ellen E. Brooks, who was born in Hancock, Vt., September 21, 1830, the daughter of Josiah Prentice Brooks and Betsey Parker Robbins. They have four children: Franklin Prentice, George Spencer, Eliza Caro- line, and Ellen Elizabeth. g|OHN FLETCHER LACEY, of Oskaloosa. Iowa, was born at | New Martinsville, Va. (now West Virginia), May 30, 1841. He removed to Iowa in 1855, received a common school and academic education, and enlisted in Company H, Third IOWa. Infantry, in May, 1861. Afterward he served as a private in Company D, Thirty-third Iowa Infantry, as Sergeant-Major, and as Lieutenant in Company C of that regiment. He was promoted to As- sistant Adjutant-General on the staff of Brigadier-General Samuel A. Rice, and after that officer was killed in battle was assigned to duty on the staff of Major-General Frederick Steele. 260 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY, Mr. Lacey served in the Iowa Legislature one term, in 1870. He was Temporary Chairman of the Iowa Republican Convention in 1898, and served one term in the Oskaloosa City Council and one term as City Solicitor of Oskaloosa. He is a lawyer and author of “Lacey's Railway Digest " and “Lacey’s Iowa Digest.” He was elected to the Fifty-first, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, and Fifty- seventh Congresses, as a Republican, from the Second Iowa District, comprising the seven Counties of Davis, Jasper, Keokuk, Mahaska, Monroe, Poweshiek, and Wapello. §§ ENJAMIN F. GUE, of Des Moines, Lieutenant-Governor of §§ Iowa in 1866-67, and distinguished for many valuable con- tributions to the history of the State, was born in Greene g ! County, N. Y., on Christmas Day, December 25, 1828. John Gue, his father, a native of Westchester County, N. Y., Was descended from a family of French Huguenots who settled in Ulster County in the Empire State in 1760. In 1833 he moved with his wife and chil- dren to Western New York, settling in Ontario County. His wife, Catherine Gurney, was a descendant of the Gurneys of England, a distinguished representative of whom was Joseph John Gurney, mem- ber of Parliament. Benjamin F. Gue is the eldest of six children, who were left father- less when he was ten years old. He spent his boyhood on the farm in Ontario County, N. Y. His parents were Quakers and abolitionists, and the first newspaper the children read was William Lloyd Garri- son's Liberator. Their home was for years a station on the “under- ground railroad,” where slaves escaping to the North always found aid and shelter. It was amid such scenes and influences as these that Mr. Gue spent his early life, and it was natural that he should imbibe those princi- ples which governed men of that exciting period. His widowed mother had a hard struggle to rear and educate her children, but she performed her duties bravely and efficiently, fitting them for active careers and moulding their habits in accordance with the lofty at. tributes of herself and her husband. Upon young Gue devolved large and important responsibilities. His mother's support was his chief aim, and to her and the other children he contributed valuable assist- $1.11Cé. In 1852 Mr. Gue and his oldest brother moved to Scott County, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 261 Iowa, and bought a claim on Rock Creek, where they lived in a log eabin, doing their own cooking, for a year and a half, until their mother and her younger children joined them in the fall of 1853. He soon became active and prominent in public affairs. He took a lead- ing part in the “free soil” movement against slavery, and was one of the delegates to a State convention which met at Iowa City on the 22d of February, 1856, and organized the Republican party in Iowa. And from that time to this he has been one of the foremost Repub- licans in the State. He was elected in 1857 to represent Scott County in the lower House of the Seventh General Assembly, and during his term in that body was very active, being one of the authors of a bill to establish a State Agricultural College, which he fought through the House against report from the Committee on Ways and Means. In 1859 he was reelected to the House, and at the end of his second term in 1861 he was elected to the State Senate for four years, where he became the author of many important laws. Among these were the estray law; a law prohibiting the circulation of foreign bank bills in Iowa; an act requiring a jury fee of six dollars to be taxed with the costs in suits in district courts; and a law whereby the State Agricultural College land grant of 240,000 acres was reserved and leased for a long term of years at a rental which supported the college and held the lands until good prices were secured for them, resulting in a large permanent endowment for the institution. In the spring of 1864, after the close of his senatorial term, Mr. Gue removed to Fort Dodge, Iowa, and assumed the editorship of a Re- publican newspaper there. He was nominated for Lieutenant-Gov- ernor of Iowa by the Republican State Convention in June, 1865, and on October 10 was elected by a large majority, receiving more than. 4.000 votes than Were given to Governor Stone, who was at the head of the ticket. In this office he displayed eminent ability. Through- out the War period he had been a firm supporter of President Lincoln’s administration, and afterward he became equally active in the sup- port of good reconstruction measures. He was elected President of the Board of Trustees of the State Agricultural College in 1866, and in that capacity visited the princi- pal agricultural and scientific colleges of the country, was Chairman of the Committee on Organization, and supervised the erection of the main college building. He also secured the admission of girls as students. His report On a plan of Organization was adopted. In 1872 Mr. Gue moved to Des Moines and took editorial charge of 262 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. the Iowa Homestead, which he purchased, in company with his son, in 1880, and developed into one of the leading papers in the State. He was appointed, in December, 1872, by President Grant, United States Pension Agent for Iowa and Nebraska, and served eight years. Mr. Gue’s contributions to Iowa’s political, industrial, and historical literature are especially noteworthy, his labors in this connection covering a period of thirty-five years. Besides contributing to the leading journals, historical publications, and magazines, and to the columns of the Iowa Homestead as its editor, he has been actively en- gaged for some fifteen years in the preparation of an exhaustive his- tory of the State and its people, which, when published, will be a monument to his learning and industry. As a public speaker he has long wielded a wide influence. He was one of the founders of the Pioneer Lawmakers Association of Iowa in 1886, and for three years from 1892 assisted Hon. Charles Aldrich in organizing and systema- tizing the State Historical Department and in reviving and conduct- ing the Annals of Iowa, published by that department. He was also One Of the founders Of the IOWa. Unitarian ASSOCiation and the Uni- tarian Church Of DeS MOineS. - November 12, 1855, Mr. Gue married Miss Elizabeth Parker, daugh- ter of Francis Parker, a Vermonter who settled in Iowa in 1840. She began teaching public schools when only seventeen years old, and until her death, which occurred on July 3, 1888, took an active inter- est in educational affairs as well as in all the labors of her distin- guished husband. They had four children: Horace G., Alice, Gurney C., and Katherine. zººl DWARD G. PRATT, of Des Moines, Iowa, son of William A. ğºl and Letitia M. Pratt, was born in North Chelmsford, Mass., on the 10th of June, 1856. His father was a prosperous iron founder, and his parents and grandparents on both sides were from Vermont and descendants of old New England fam- ilies. - Mr. Pratt was educated in the public schools of Waltham, Mass., where he spent his early life. Since leaving school he has been ac- tively engaged in the gas business, beginning at the bottom and stead- ily working his way up from the most menial labor to the responsible positions of President and Manager of the Capital City Gas Light Company of Des Moines, Iowa, which he now holds. He is also Presi- dent and a Director of the Boone Gas Company of Boone, Iowa. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 263 Before moving from Massachusetts to Iowa. Mr. Pratt was prom- inently interested in military affairs, for which he has always had decided inclinations and tastes, and for eight years he has been a member of the Governor’s military staff in Iowa. He has always been a Republican, casting his first vote for Rutherford B. Hayes for Presi- dent. And although he has taken an active part in politics he has never had any particular ambition for political office, and only once consented to accept a public position, that of Water Commissioner, which he held while living in North Attleboro, Mass. In promoting the party’s interests, however, he has been very useful and influential. He is a public spirited, enterprising citizen, a member of Capital Lodge, F. and A. M., and a leading member of the Grant Club of Des Moines, which he has served as President for ten years. Mr. Pratt was married at Waltham, Mass., June 10, 1880, to Adella J. Arnold, and has two children: Adelé Y. and Edward G., Jr. sº ILBERT N. HAUGEN, of Northwood, Worth County, Repre- § sentative in Congress from the Fourth Iowa District, was born in Rock County, Wis., April 21, 1859. His parents were natives of Ness, PIollingdall, Norway, his father being born in 1808 and his mother in 1817. They were married in 1835 and Came to the United States in 1844. Mr. Haugen removed to Decorah, Iowa, when young, and there at tended the public schools. At the age of fourteen he began active life, working summers and studying Winters. When eighteen he pur- chased a farm in Worth County. He continued his studies in Decorah, however, completed a course at a business college in Janesville, Wis., and engaged in farming and in dealing in agricultural implements, hardware, grain, live stock, real estate, horses, etc. In 1887, after holding various township offices, he was elected Treas- urer of Worth County on the Republican ticket, and served in that capacity for six years. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1893 and served in the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth General As- Semblies with conspicuous ability, being a member and Chairman of several important committees. In 1898 he was nominated by the Re- publicans and elected to the Fifty-sixth Congress from the Fourth District of Iowa, composed of the ten Counties of Allamakee, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Clayton, Fayette, Floyd, Howard, Mitchell, Win- meshiek, and Worth. He was reelected to the Fifty-seventh Congress in 1900, 264 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Haugen was one of the organizers in 1890 of the Northwood Ranking Company, which operates banks both in Northwood and in Kensett, Iowa, and of which he is President. He is largely interested in real estate in Northern Iowa, Minnesota, and the Dakotas, and is also engaged in importing fine horses. October 26, 1885, he married Miss Bertha Cecelia Evenson, of Win- meshiek County, Iowa, who died May 10, 1892, leaving two children: Norma and Lauritz. *ILLIAM PETERS HEPBURN, of Clarinda, member of lºl Congress from the Eighth Iowa District, was born Novem- }}}}| ber 4, 1833, at Wellsville, Columbiana County, Ohio. He ** was taken to Iowa (then a Territory) in April, 1841, was educated in the schools there and in a printing office, and was ad- mitted to practice law in 1854. He served in the Second Iowa Cavalry as Captain, Major, and Lieutenant-Colonel during the War of the Re- bellion. Mr. Hepburn became conspicuous both at the bar and as a Repub- lican leader, and was early called to positions of trust. He was a delegate from Iowa to the Republican National Conventions of 1860, 1888, and 1896, a Presidential Elector-at-large from the State of Iowa in 1876 and in 1888, Solicitor of the Treasury during the administration of President Benjamin Harrison. He was elected to the Forty-sey- enth, Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, and Fifty-seventh Congresses, and in that body has achieved a National reputation. He represents the Eighth Iowa District, embracing the eleven Counties of Adams, Appanoose, Clarke, Decatur, Fremont, Lucas, Page, Ringgold, Taylor, Union, and Wayne. ; : DWIN H. CONGER, of Des Moines, who as Minister to China §ººl achieved not only a National but an international repu- tation, is descended from old Revolutionary stock, his great-grandfather, James Conger, serving as a private in the Fifth Albany Company, New York State Militia, in the War for Independence. His parents, Lorentus E. Conger and Mary W. Hurd, the latter of Vermont ancestry, moved to a farm near Galesburg, Knox County, Ill., in the early history of that section. Major Edwin H. Conger was born in Galesburg, Ill., March 7, 1843. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 265 His boyhood was not different from other farmers' boys in that day. He worked on the homestead, learned how value is created by earn- ing his own way in the world, attended a district school, and fitted himself for college, graduating in the classical course from Lombard University in 1862. He immediately afterward enlisted for the de- fense of his country in the One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry, and was promoted from time to time on his merits to First Lieutenant, Captain, and finally brevetted Major “for gallant and meritorious service on the field.” He was with the Army of the Cumberland in all its battles from October, 1862, until the close of the war, accom- panying Sherman on the famous march from Atlanta to the sea and on through the Carolinas and Virginia to Washington for the grand review. Major Conger belongs to the two great soldier organizations, the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion. After the close of the war he entered the Albany (N. Y.) Law School and was graduated therefrom in 1866. He practiced in Galesburg, Ill., until 1868, when he removed to Madison County, Iowa, and en- gaged in farming and stock raising. It was not long before he was elected a member of the Board of Supervisors of Madison County. In 1874 he removed to Dexter, Dallas County, Iowa, and opened a bank- ing house under the firm name of Conger, Pierce & Co. In 1877 he was elected Treasurer of Dallas County. While serving his second term as County Treasurer he was, in 1880, nominated by the Republicans and elected State Treasurer, holding the office two terms. In 1884 he was elected to the Forty-ninth Congress from the Seventh District, and was twice reelected, resigning in 1890 to accept the Brazilian mission at the hands of President Harrison. In this capacity he assisted in the negotiation and operation of the first rec- iprocity treaty under the McKinley tariff law. It was on account of his valuable services in this connection, and the high repute in which he was held in Brazil, as well as on account of his high standing as a Republican, that he was reappointed by President McKinley as Minister to Brazil. r Major Conger's congressional record was a distinguished one. He Was Chairman of the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, and a member of the Conference Committee that framed the Sherman silver purchase act of 1890. He was the promoter of the “Conger pure lard bill " which passed the House in 1890, but failed in the Sen- ate. Among the most important of his congressional services was his successful effort to secure the transfer of the weather service from the War Department to the Department of Agriculture, which has greatly 266 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. increased its efficiency and value to the farmers. He was always active in pension Work, and is credited with important amendments to the pension laws. - - Major Conger has always been a Republican, active in the party's service, and is regarded as one of the strongest campaign speakers in the State. In 1896 he was unanimously chosen to head the electoral ticket for William McKinley. He made a thorough canvass of every congressional district in Iowa, making fifty-seven speeches, and his Work was among the most Satisfactory and effective that Was done in that memorable campaign. When the Legislature decided to build a new hospital for the insane at Cherokee Major Conger was appointed a member of the commission to have charge of the expenditure of the $400,000 appropriated, and was Treasurer of the commission. He be- longs to the Masonic order, to the Grant Club of Des Moines, and to the Universalist Church. Immediately after graduating from the Albany Law School he married Sarah J. Pike, of Galesburg, Ill. They have had two children: Laura and Lorentuse, of whom the latter died in his youth. - Major Conger's services as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- potentiary of the United States to China during the recent Boxer up- rising in the celestial kingdom, his bravery in holding the legation together until relief arrived, and his masterful handling of the nego- tiations which resulted in peace are matters of both national and in- ternational history. He was appointed to the position by President McKinley in 1898, and proved a most able and brilliant diplomat. His post was no sinecure, yet he performed his duties with great satisfac- tion, and upon his visit home in May, 1901, on a two months' leave of absence, was received everywhere with ovations and honor. - NATHAN PRENTISS DOLLIVER, of Fort Dodge, United States Senator from Iowa, was born near Kingwood, Pres- ton County, Va. (now W. Va.), February 6, 1858. His - father, Rev. James J. Dolliver, for more than forty years a distinguished clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born of New England ancestry in Saratoga County, N. Y., November 25, 1816, began his career as a country merchant, was called to the min- istry in 1844, and married, in 1855, Eliza J., daughter of Robert Brown, of Kingwood, W. Va. Their children were: Rev. Robert H., a Metho- dist minister, born in 1856; Jonathan P., born in 1858; Victor B., a HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 267 lawyer of Fort Dodge, Iowa, born in 1861; Margaret Gay, of Fort Dodge; and Mary H., wife of E. R. Graham, of Evanston, Ill. Senator Dolliver was graduated from the University of West Vir- ginia in 1875, one of his classmates and fellow graduates being his brother, Rev. Robert H. That summer he went to Sandwich, Ill., and the following winter taught school in Victor Center. In the spring of 1876 he returned home, spent a year in studying law in the office of his uncle, John J. Brown, of Morgantown, W. Va., and then located in Sandwich, Ill., as principal of the high school there. He removed to Fort Dodge, Iowa, in the spring of 1878, with his brother, Victor B., and at once entered upon the active practice of his profession. Mr. Dolliver soon acquired a large and successful practice, and also came into prominence as a brilliant public speaker and lecturer, especially in the political arena. In April, 1884, as Temporary Chairman of the Republican State Convention at Des Moines, he made a speech which fifted him into National notice and stamped him as a rising Repub- lican leader. During the memorable campaign of that year he stumped for James G. Blaine with a force that secured for him a high place among the great Orators of the country. In 1886 Mr. Dolliver was a candidate for the Republican Congres. sional nomination in the Tenth District of Iowa. Two years later, however, he was nominated in the convention at Webster City, and at no time subsequently did he have any serious opposition for re- nomination. He was renominated by acclamation every year up to and including 1900. . The death of Senator John H. Gear on July 14, 1900, left a vacancy in the United States Senate Which the friends and admirers . Of Con- gressman Dolliver felt he was entitled, by his long and able service in the House, to receive. Governor Shaw, unselfishly putting aside his own interests, tendered to Mr. Dolliver on the 23d of August the ap- pointment to be Senator Gear's successor, and it was accepted. Mr. Dolliver at once resigned as a member of Congress, and Judge J. P. Conner, Of Crawford COunty, Was nominated and elected to succeed him. The appointment of Mr. Dolliver was at once found to be strong With the people, having been made strictly upon its merits. He took his seat in the United States Senate on December 3, 1900. For a number of years while he was a member of Congress Mr. Dolli. ver was eagerly sought after as a lecturer and after-dinner speaker. His elevation to the senatorship takes him out of the lecture field, but increases other demands upon him from various organizations through- out the country. 268 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Dolliver was married, November 20, 1895, to Miss Louise Pear- sons, daughter of George R. Pearsons, of Fort Dodge, and a native of Vermont. She is a graduate of Wellesley College in the class of 1889. They have one child, Marjorie Eliza, born January 22, 1900. sºloBERT G. COUSINS, of Tipton, member of Congress from * § the Fifth District of Iowa, has been a lifelong resident of that State, having been born in Cedar County in 1859. He - was graduated from Cornell College in Iowa in 1881, read iaw and was admitted to the bar in 1882, and has been engaged in practice since that time. In 1886 he was elected to the Iowa Legis- lature, and was elected by the House of Representatives as one of the prosecutors for the Brown impeachment, tried before the Senate dur- ing 1887. In 1888 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and also Presidential Elector for the Fifth Congressional District. He was elected to the Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth, and Fifty-seventh Congresses as a Republican, each time by handsome ma- jorities, and in that body has distinguished himself as a wise legislator and statesman. His district comprises the Counties of Benton, Cedar, 3rundy, Jones, Linn, Marshall, and Tama. ;AMES WILSON, Secretary of Agriculture in the Cabinets of § Presidents McKinley and Roosevelt, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1835, and there obtained his education and ==" spent his early life. About 1852 he came with his parents to Norwich, Conn., where his father, John, a farmer of sturdy char- acteristics, was for three years engaged in dairying and market gar- dening. The family removed to Iowa in 1855 and settled on a piece of prairie land, which they soon converted into a fine farm. James Wilson was the oldest of seven sons and five daughters. He has spent his entire life in agricultural pursuits. In 1867 he was sent to the Iowa State Legislature to secure acts to prohibit stock from running at large. Barbed wire had not come into use, and fencing was not to be had for all the fields. He secured a beginning in this line that resulted in the county option laws under which the prairie homes have been settled. He developed an aptitude for managing men, became a leader in the Legislature, and was reelected to the Thirteenth and Fourteenth General Assemblies, being made Speaker |HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 269 of the House in the Fourteenth. William B. Allison was a candidate for Senator EIarlan’s seat in the United States Senate. The State of Iowa was divided into two partisan camps, but Mr. Wilson was so strong with the membership of the House that he was nominated in the caucus without opposition. He acquired a taste for the logic of parliamentary law and made a careful study of its beginning three hundred years ago, noting its adaptation to the republican form of Legislation. He was sent to the Forty-third Congress to help in se- curing cheaper transportation down the Mississippi than by the uphill pull over the Alleghanies, and during that Congress the jettying of the mouth of the Mississippi was arranged for. Mr. Wilson was placed on the Committees of Agriculture and War Claims. He was returned to the Forty-fourth Congress. He continued his studies in parliamentary law and soon became an authority on that subject, which gave him the recognition that age and service did not, so much so that when James G. Blaine was elected to the Senate Speaker Randall placed Mr. Wilson on the Committee on Rules. When efforts were made during the closing days of the Forty-fourth Üongress to stay the count of the election returns of the States as they were reported by the Electoral Commission artúl let the 4th of March arrive without a decision Mr. Wilson's opportunity came. Proctor Knott moved to return to the commission one of the State returns; a parliamentary battle ensued, leaders on both sides arranged the de- bate. Fernando Wood stood with the Republicans, desiring the com- pletion of the count. While Mr. Wood, who was the soul of formality, was arranging his coat collar and necktie and gloves Mr. Wilson rose, and in a sentence made a point that all the leaders of his side had overlooked—that it took both houses to create the Electoral Com- mission, and one house could refer nothing to it. The Speaker de- clared him out of order. He replied that he knew it, but had said all that he Gared to say. Speaker Randall ruled Mr. Knott's motion out of order on Mr. Wilson’s point, the court went on, and President Hayes Was SWOrn in. At the close of the Forty-fourth Congress Senator Wilson retired to his farm. The Subject of transportation was prominent in Iowa at this time; railway legislation was wanted, a State Railroad Com- mission was created, and he was appointed a member of that body by 3 overnor Sherman to represent the farmers. He resigned from the Railway Commission to take his seat in the Forty-eighth Congress. The State had voted on the prohibition question in the June previous to the November election, which disrupted the parties very seriously. 27() HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Many voters left the Republican party, which resulted in a close vote in Mr. Wilson’s district—the one now represented by Robert G. Cousins. The House of Representatives had a Democratic majority of eighty, and Mr. Frederick, Mr. Wilson’s opponent, contested his seat. The battle was stubbornly fought out, Mr. Frederick putting 350 Voters on the stand to reduce the majority of his opponent and Mr. Wilson calling out 400 voters to increase his majority. Late in the Congress the committee, by a party vote, gave Mr. Frederick the seat. The case was permitted to rest quietly until Such time as the appropriation bills would be safely Out Of the Way. The river and harbor bill in that Session called for $32,000,000, mostly for the Southern Waters. Mr. Frederick, who was pressing for his seat, had the promise that as soon as this bill was through the House he would get it. The bill was late in passing the House. It never became a law. But in the last day of the session, in the last hour Mr. Wilson voluntarily gave up his seat on an agreement that a bill should be voted on to place Gen- eral Grant on the retired list with the position of Lieutenant-General. At the end of the Forty-eighth Congress he retired again to his farm. A number of the editors of farm journals prevailed on him to write a weekly letter for their papers, which he did for ten years. He has reached more readers by this means than any other writer in the West. In 1891 the chair of agriculture was vacant at the Iowa Agricultural College. This feature of education for young men was on trial in all the States. It had not been a success in Iowa, and various farm organizations petitioned the trustees to place Wilson in the posi- tion. They did so, and also made him Director of the Experiment Station. Since then the college has doubled in attendance, equip- ment, and buildings. The station has been working with the farmers of the State. Research has been made in cattle feeding. Beef and milk breeds have been compared, and the cost of meat and butter with Iowa conditions has been approximated. The station has every year grown sugar beets for analysis, and has clearly shown that Iowa con- ditions are favorable to the manufacture of beet sugar. Extensive research has also been made into leguminous plants suitable to the State, experiments have been made to ascertain the practicability of this method of feeding dairy cows during protracted drouths, and all the well known breeds of sheep have been bred under similar con- ditions. An educational and experimental creamery has been built and kept in successful operation. Mr. Wilson was engrossed in these labors, and when President McKinley called him to his Cabinet as HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 271 Secretary of Agriculture he reluctantly accepted the higher position, which he has filled with extraordinary ability and universal satisfac- tion. He has accomplished a vast amount of good for the agricultural interests of the country since he entered upon his duties at Washing- ton. He began to apply the rules of common sense to the work of helping the farmers to find a market for their products, and to produce what would most easily find a profitable sale. He has taken a great interest in the development of the beet sugar industry, and through his special agent, Charles F. Saylor, of Iowa, has gathered a store of information of immense practical value to investors and farmers. He has also stimulated the dairy industry by finding a better market for American butter. Mr. Wilson was married May 7, 1863, to Esther Wilbur, and has six Children. ºg OE R. LANE, of Davenport, member of the Fifty-sixth Con- tº gress from the Second Iowa District, was born in Daven- port, Iowa, on the 6th of May, 1858. He received a com- mon school education in his native city and Subsequently studied at Knox College in Galesburg, Ill., and in the law department of the State University of Iowa. Since June, 1880, he has practiced his profession in Davenport with marked success. Mr. Lane was nominated by the Republicans and elected to the Fifty-sixth Congress from the Second Iowa District, composed of the six Counties of Clinton, IoWa, Jackson, John Son, Muscatine, and Scott. He served one term with ability and satisfaction. Fºll.ORGE E. ROBERTS, Director of the Mint of the United §ººl States, one of the best known editors in Iowa, and an au- thor of several noted works on finance, was born in Coles- burg, Delaware County, Iowa, August 19, 1857. David Roberts, his father, was born of Welsh parentage in Utica, N. Y., and at the age of eighteen went to New Orleans, La. In 1840 he moved up the Mississippi River to Van Buren County, Iowa, whence he re- moved some years later to Rock Island, Ill., where he married Mary Harvey, a native of Maine. They resided in Delaware and Dubuque Counties until 1873, when they moved to Fort Dodge. - r George E. Roberts attended the country schools in Dubuque and Delaware Counties and later the Fort Dodge High School, which he 272 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. left at the age of sixteen to enter the office of the Fort Dodge Mes- senger, then owned by Albert W. and Pauline Swalm. There he mas- tered the printer’s trade. In 1877 he started the Vindicator at Jesup, Ruchanan County, Iowa, which he sold six months later to assume the city editorship of the Sioux City Journal. He purchased an interest in the Fort Dodge Messenger in 1878, and a year afterward secured entire control of that paper, which under his able and energetic manage- ment has become one of the strongest weeklies and dailies in the State. In January, 1882, when only twenty-four years old, Mr. Roberts was elected State Printer of Iowa by the State Legislature. He held that office for three terms, or six years, and established a high reputa- tion. In State politics he has been an influential factor for many years—in fact, almost ever since he attained his majority. He has assisted in writing several State platforms of the Republican party, and has had much to do in making up State, Congressional, and county tickets. In the campaign of 1892 he made the subject of finance his specialty, and though he prepared many articles on the tariff which had a national circulation they were mostly relating to a comparison of prices and the purchasing power of money at different times during the history of the country. He contributed editorials on these sub- jects to the Chicago Inter-Ocean for some time, and has been a regular contributor of signed articles to the Chicago Times-Herald and St. Louis Globe-Democrat as well as to the magazines. His reply to “Coin's Financial School,” entitled “Coin at School in Finance,” pub- lished in 1895, was immediately recognized as the best and most ef- fective of all the books published with that subject in view, and it had the enormous sale of 140,000 copies. In 1896 Mr. Roberts prepared a small volume called “Iowa and the Silver Question,” showing the range of prices of farm products in Iowa since 1860 compared with the fluctuations of silver. This was considered by the Republican cam- paign managers as their most effective argument, and the book was given a circulation of 150,000 copies. In 1897 he prepared, for the Na- tional Sound Money League, another pamphlet on “Money, Wages, and Prices,” following nearly the same lines as the one of 1896, only on a broader scale, including a view of Wages, and based on prices on the Chicago Board of Trade. Senator Allison declared this to be Mr. Roberts's best Work. In the campaign of 1900 Mr. Roberts actively engaged in speech- making. He had received many urgent invitations to speak at vari- ous places since he became Director of the Mint, but had declined them. When the campaign of 1900 opened and the issues were of a HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 273 character on which Mr. Roberts was especially qualified to speak, he started out in small towns in Iowa in company with Hon. M. D. O'Con- nell, of Fort Dodge, Solicitor of the Treasury, and soon became one of the ablest orators on the stump. In 1897 he was appointed Director of the Mint of the United States. He was married in 1885 to Miss Georgena Kirkup, of Fort Dodge, Iowa, and has had three children: George Bassett, born January 24, 1894; Amy Louise, born June 2, 1895; and Katharine, who died aged three years. - sº OHN FORREST DILLON, the eminent jurist and legal au- Tº thor, was born in Northampton, Montgomery County, N.Y., December 25, 1831. He is the son of Thomas Dillon and Rosanna Forrest and a grandson of Timothy Dillon, of the ancient Irish family of that name. In 1838 his parents moved to Davenport, Iowa, whence Judge Dillon removed to New York City in 1879. He was graduated from the medical department of Iowa University, and for six months practiced medicine. He then took up the study of law, and in 1852 was admitted to the Iowa bar. He served a term as Prosecuting Attorney of Scott County in that State. In 1858 he was elected Judge of the Seventh Judicial District of Iowa, and was subsequently reelected without opposition. During this period he published a digest of Iowa Supreme Court Reports. Elected to the Supreme Court of Iowa by the Republican party, he served a term of six years from January 1, 1863. He was reelected in 1869, and was Chief Justice, but before he had qualified for his second term he was appointed by President Grant United States Circuit Judge of the Eighth Judicial District, embracing the States of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, and Arkansas, and afterward Colorado. In 1872 he published his famous “Municipal Corporations.” This was followed by “Removal of Causes from State to Federal Courts' (1875), “ Municipal Bonds '' (1876), and “United States Circuit Court Reports '' (1871-1880). He also founded the Contral Law Journal, and for one year edited it. On May 26, 1879, he resigned as Circuit Judge, and in September of the same year he removed to New York City to become general counsel to the Union Pacific Railway Company and Professor of Real Estate and Equity Jurisprudence in the Columbia College Law School. From 1881 to 1893 he was a law partner of Gen- eral Wager Swayne. In 1882 he resigned his professorship in Co- lumbia. - 274 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Judge Dillon has argued many notable cases in the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court of the United States. He has served as coun- sel for the Missouri Pacific Railway Company, the Western Union Telegraph Company, the Manhattan Railway Company, the Texas and Pacific Railway Company, and the estates of Jay Gould, Sidney Dillon, and James C. Ayer. In 1891 and 1892 he was Storrs Pro- fessor of Municipal Law in Yale University. In 1894 he published “Laws and Jurisprudence of England and America.” In 1892 he was elected President of the American Bar Association. He was one of the Commissioners appointed by Governor Morton to prepare a charter for “Greater New York.” He is one of the forty members Of the l’Institut (le Droit Internationale and a member of the ASSO- Ciation for the Reform and CO(lification of the Eaws of Nations. In 1853 Judge Dillon married the daughter of Hiram Price, of Iowa, by whom he has two sons and two daughters. The sons are both lawyers. wººl LLIAM M. BEARDSHEAR, M.A., LL.D., President of the §§§ Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Ames, Was born in Dayton, Ohio, November 7, 1850. He is of Scotch and Welsh ancestry, and the son of John Beard- shear and Elizabeth Coleman, both of whom were endowed with ster- ling individuality and high moral character. Dr. Beardshear was educated in the district schools and the colle- giate department of Otterbein University, graduating in the classical course in 1876, among the first honor men of his class. Afterward he took a two years' post-graduate course at Yale University. In 1881 he moved to Iowa and accepted the presidency of Western Col- lege at Toledo, being at that time one of the youngest college presi. dents in the United States. The attendance of that institution in- creased in eight years from one hundred to over four hundred Students, and new buildings, endowments, and apparatus were added during that period. In 1889 Dr. Beardshear resigned to accept the Superintendency of Schools in Des Moines, where he remained two years. During that period a manual training department was added to the high school and the entire school system greatly improved. In 1891 he resigned that position to accept the presidency of the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Ames, which he now holds. Few men have been more active, influential, and useful in the edu. cational history of Iowa than has Dr. Beardshear. The positions he WILLIAM MILLER BEARDSHEAR. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 275 has filled have brought him into prominence, not only throughout the State, but in adjoining States, and to each one he has brought un- usual ability combined with great executive skill, untiring industry, and a broad and accurate learning. I'or more than twenty years he has been a regular attendant at the Sessions of the Iowa State Teach- ers Association, serving it as Vice-President one year, as President and member of the Executive Council in 1894, as a member of the Executive Committee three years, and as Chairman of that body one year. In the National Educational Association he has also been con- spicuous, having served as Manager and Director for Iowa and as President of its industrial department, and being unanimously elected President of the association in July, 1901---one of the highest honors which can be bestowed upon an educator in the United States. In October, 1897, President McKinley appointed him a member of the United States Indian Commission. Dr. Beardshear is a stanch Republican, and outside of his mani- fold duties as an educator takes a deep interest in politics. He en- listed at Dayton, Ohio, as a private in the Fourth Army Corps when only fourteen years of age, and served until the close of the Rebellion. In his younger years he held the orders of a clergyman. He is a prom- inent 32° Mason, holding membership in the Commandery and Scot- tish Rite bodies, and also belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, the Prairie Club of Des Moines, and Other Organizations. In 1873 he married Miss JOSephine Mundhenk. They have had six children: Ralph Waldo (deceased), Hazel Leoni, Metta Gertrude, Will- iam M., Jr., Charles L., and Constance Eilene, ºlo HN ALBERT TIFFIN HULL, of Des Moines, member of ...) # Congress from the Seventh Iowa District, was born in Sabina, Clinton County, Ohio, May 1, 1841. His parents, *=ººl Dr. A. Y. and Margaret E. Hull, were married in Frankfort, Ohio, in 1837, and moved to Polk County, Iowa, in 1849. Dr. Hull was one of the pioneer physicians of Des Moines. He died in Kansas in 1900, his wife having died in Pueblo, Col., in 1892. Mr. Hull attended the public schools of Des Moines, the Asbury (Ind.) University, and the Iowa Wesleyan University at Mount Pleas- ant, and was graduated from the Cincinnati (Ohio) Law School in the spring of 1862. Immediately afterward he enlisted in the Twenty- third Iowa Volunteer Infantry, becoming First Lieutenant and after- ward Captain of his company. He was severely Wounded in the fa- 276 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. mous charge at Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863, and compelled to resign in October following. Returning home, he married Miss Emma Gregory, of Des Moines, and finally rejoined his regiment, but Was obliged to resign again on account of his wounds. After some experiments in the cattle business on the Yellowstone and Arkansas Mr. Hull engaged in journalism in Birmingham, Van Buren County, Iowa, where he conducted a weekly called the Enter- prise. Not long afterward he secured control of the Bloomfield Re- publican, which he successfully conducted for several years. In 1870 he was elected Assistant Secretary of the State Senate and in 1879 be- came Secretary. His efficiency in this position secured his reelection in 1874, 1876, and 1878. In the summer of 1878 he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Secretary of State and was elected, and was reelected in 1880 and again in 1882. In 1885 he was a prominent candidate for Governor, at the time William Larra- bee was nominated, but upon the urgent solicitation of representatives of both sides in the contest, which was very close, he accepted the nomination for Lieutenant-Governor. He contributed not a little to the success of the party that year, and in 1887 was again nominated for Lieutenant-Governor and elected. He was a superb presiding officer. Clear, quick, fair, and business-like, his administration was an exceedingly popular one. In 1889 he was again a candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor in the famous convention in which H. C. Wheeler, of Odebolt, and J. G. Hutchison, of Ottumwa, were his opponents. In 1890 Mr. Hull was unanimously nominated by the Republicans to represent the Seventh District of Iowa in the Fifty-second Congress, succeeding Major Edwin H. Conger, who had been appointed Minister to Brazil. Mr. Hull has been renominated and elected to each suc- ceeding Congress, having had but one contest for the nomination, in 1896, when he was opposed by James G. Berryhill, of Des Moines. He carried Polk County by a large majority, winning in nearly every precinct, and was thereupon renominated without opposition. - Mr. Hull took a deep interest in military affairs as a member of that committee, and when the Fifty-third Congress met in December, 1895, he was appointed by Speaker Reed the Chairman of that body. The war with Spain and the policy of territorial expansion growing out of it made this one of the most important Committees in the House. AS its Chairman Mr. Hull wielded a powerful influence in the country and became one of the most conspicuous as Well as One of the most useful men in Congress. He had charge of all the army legislation HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 277 both during and after the war, and it was he who brought about the reorganization of the army on a new basis which was satisfactory to the country and to the administration. Mr. and Mrs. Hull have three children: Annette, born August 19, 1864; Albert, born August 16, 1866, now surgeon of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. ; and John Adley, born August 7, 1874, an officer in the United States Army. sºlo HN NICHOLAS WILLIAM RUMPLE, of Marengo, Repre- tº sentative in Congress from the Second Iowa District, was born near Fostoria, Ohio, March 4, 1841. His father, Will- iam Rumple, a native of Washington County, Pa., moved with his parents to Rome (now Fostoria), Seneca County, Ohio, and after his marriage to Mary J., daughter of J. A. Rosenberger, of Tif. fin, Ohio, and a native of Virginia, settled on the paternal homestead. Mr. Rumple’s father died when he was eleven years old, and the mother moved with her six children to her father's home near Tiffin. In August, 1853, in company with other relatives, they started in a wagon for Iowa, settling in September of that year on a farm near Genoa Bluffs, Iowa County. Here Mr. Rumple spent his youth. He attended the common schools, and in 1857, soon after his mother’s marriage to Daniel Broachey, entered the Ashland Academy in Wa- pello County. Later he continued his studies at Western College in Linn County and at the normal department of the Iowa State Univer- sity, alternately teaching to earn money to pay his expenses. - On August 14, 1861, he enlisted in Compay H, Second Iowa Caval- ry, as a private, and remained in the army until October, 1865, when he was mustered out of service as Captain. He participated in the battles of Island No. 10, New Madrid, siege of Corinth, Rienza, Farm- ington, Iuka, Corinth, Grierson’s raid, Tupelo, the advance on Nash- ville, Franklin, Columbia, and others. Returning from the army, Rumple entered (December 1, 1865) the law office of Hon. H. M. Martin, of Marengo, Iowa, and upon being ad. mitted to the bar in February, 1867, formed a copartnership with his preceptor. He has been in active practice ever since, and is one of the leading lawyers of Eastern Iowa. 4 In politics he is a prominent Republican. He was elected State Senator at the adjourned session of the Fourteenth General Assembly in 1873, and was reelected to the Senate for the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, 278 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. and Seventeenth General Assemblies. For six years he was a member of the Board of Regents of the Iowa State University. He also served as Curator of the State Historical Society, and has been a City Coun- cilman, Mayor, City Solicitor, and member of the Board of Education of Marengo, besides filling other minor positions. In 1900 he was nominated and elected member of the Fifty-seventh Congress from the Second Iowa District, carrying every county but One (Jackson), where the Democratic majority Was Very Small. He is a Chapter and Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. December 6, 1866, he married Miss Adaline K. Whiteling, who died in February, 1870, leaving one daugh- ter, Ada R., born December 11, 1869. He married, second, Decem- ber 9, 1871, Miss Mary H. Shepard, of Iowa City, and they had one son, Carl, born May 13, 1876, who died aged seven years. *> gºl AFAYETTE YOUNG, editor and publisher of the Des MOineS § Capital, was born in Monroe County, Iowa, on the 10th of May, 1848. He is the son of John and Rachael (Titus) Young, farmers, and a descendant of Scotch, English, and Irish ancestry. - Mr. Young was educated in the common and night schools, and early entered the journalistic profession, which he has followed with emi- nent success. In February, 1871, he established a newspaper in At- lantic, Iowa. He soon became active and prominent in politics, and in November, 1873, was elected State Senator for a term of four years. In 1877 and again in 1885 he was reelected to that office, serving in all twelve years with acknowledged ability. While a member of the Iowa Senate he served on the Committees on Ways and Means, Rail- roads, and Appropriations, and took a leading part in shaping legisla- tion. On March 30, 1890, he purchased the Des Moines Capital, of which he has since been the editor and publisher, making it one of the strongest and best Republican newspapers in the State. It is a power in party affairs, a loyal supporter of Republican principles, and a brilliant exponent of all that is lofty in journalism. As an orator as well as an editor Mr. Young has achieved distinc- tion. He is active in politics, especially on the stump, and generally in demand during the campaigns. He was a delegate-at-large from Iowa to the Republican National Convention of 1900, at Philadelphia, and had the honor of placing Governor (now President) Roosevelt in HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 279 nomination for the Vice-Presidency. He was with General Shafter's army at Tampa and in Cuba in the late Spanish-American War, land- ing with the troops at Daiquiri on the 22d of June, 1898. As a citizen he is public spirited, enterprising, and patriotic. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities, the Knights of Pythias, and the B. P. O. Elks. March 20, 1870, Mr. Young was married at Cascade, Iowa, to Jose- phine Bolton, and their children are Nellie, Harold, and Lafayette, Jr. #ºlſCHARD C. BARRETT, M.A., State Superintendent of Pub- tº lic Instruction of Iowa, has the distinction of being the first native Iowan to hold a State office. He is the son of Alba C. and Sybilla C. (Bonstein) Barrett. He was born in Waverly, Bremer County, Iowa, October 1, 1858, attended the public schools of that place, and became a student and later an instructor at the Institute and Teachers Training School in Decorah. He re- signed that position to accept the principalship of the Riceville public schools in Mitchell County, where he was elected County Superinten- dent of Schools for twelve consecutive years, receiving a unanimous election each time but One. In 1887 he was chosen President of the Northern Iowa Superinten- dents’ and Teachers’ Association, and the next year he became Secre- tary of the County Superintendents' and Normal Department of the Iowa State Teachers' Association, and in 1891 was elected President of that department. He was for several years a member of the Edu- cational Council of the State Teachers’ Reading Board, and in 1895 was chosen President of the State Teachers’ Association, having been Chairman of the Legislative Committee of that body in 1893, in which year he introduced in the County Superintendent's Department a reso- iution requesting the Legislature to appoint a committee to revise, codify, and unify the school laws of the State. This resolution was adopted and led in part to the codification of all the laws of Iowa in 1897. In 1895 Cornell College at Mount Vernon, Iowa, Conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. Mr. Barrett began the publication of the Mitchell County Teacher in 1889, and in 1894 assumed editorial charge of the Iowa Teacher, a monthly having a large circulation in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wiscon- SIIl, He first entered State politics in 1893, when he was a prominent 280 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. candidate for the Republican nomination for State Superintendent of Public Instruction, being defeated by Hon. Henry Sabin. Four years later he was nominated for that office by the Republican State Con- vention at Cedar Rapids, and was elected by a larger majority than was given any other candidate on the ticket. In 1899 he was re. elected, receiving a majority of 48,588—the largest given to a State Superintendent of Public Instruction since 1873. Mr. Barrett has long been prominent throughout Iowa as an insti- tute lecturer. By virtue of his office he is President of the State Board of Educational Examiners, President of the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, a member of the Board of Regents of the State University, and one of the Trustees of the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. He has served as Chairman of the Republican County Committee of Mitchell County, as President of the Fourth Congressional District Republican League, and in other political capacities at the call of his party. He is a member of the Methodist Church, of the Knights of Pythias, and of the Modern Wood- men of America. - November 27, 1883, Mr. Barrett married Jeanette Armour Dean, eldest daughter of Henry Dean, of Minnesota. They have one child, Ruth Dean Barrett, born March 22, 1890. EºPANCIS MARION DRAKE, fourteenth Governor of Iowa, *] was born in Schuyler County, Ill., December 30, 1830. His parents, John Adams Drake, born in North Carolina on October 21, 1802, and Harriet O’Neil, were married June 12, 1826, and four years later moved North. In 1837 they settled in Fort Madison, Iowa, removing nine years afterward to Davis County and founding the town of Drakeville in the same State. The father was a Justice of the Peace, a County Probate Judge, and a successful business man. w Governor Drake was educated in the common schools of Fort Madi- son and Davis County, and after the discovery of gold in California Organized a company and crossed the plains with what was known as the “Drakeville train.” Returning to Iowa in 1853, he made an- other trip overland to the Pacific coast with one hundred milch cows, and upon his second return engaged in the mercantile business in Drakeville with his father and an older brother, John Hamilton Drake. The firm of Drake & Sons was dissolved on January 1, 1858, HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 281 when the future Governor purchased a steam grist and saw mill. In September, 1859, he removed to Unionville, Appanoose County, and engaged in merchandizing, live stock dealing, and packing pork. In 1861 he became Captain of a company of soldiers and went to the front, and in 1862 he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Thirty- sixth Iowa Infantry. He was brevetted Brigadier-General of United States Volunteers, and was mustered out of service with a brilliant record in September, 1865. After the war General Drake practiced law for six years, and then engaged in banking and railroad contracting. He has been for sev- eral years President of the Albia and Centerville Railroad Company, of the Centerville National Bank, and of the Board of Trustees of Drake University at Des Moines, of which he was a founder and most liberal benefactor. He has also been President of the Iowa Christian Convention, President of the American Missionary Society, Vice- President of the American Bible Society, a Director of the Foreign Missionary Society, and prominently identified with many other insti- tutions and organizations, including the Loyal Legion, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Odd Fellows, and the Masons. As a Republican ever since the inception of the party in 1856 Gov- ernor Drake has been one of its most trusted leaders, an attendant of the county and State conventions, a prominent speaker in the cam- paigns, and a delegate to the Republican National Conventions at Chicago and Philadelphia. In 1893 he allowed his name for the first time to go before the Republican State Convention for the guberna- torial nomination. Two years later he was nominated and elected Governor of the State and served from January, 1896, to January, 1898, with eminent ability. f - Governor Drake was married in 1855 to Mary Jane Lord, who died thirty years afterward, leaving six children who survive: Frank Ellsworth, John Adams, Amelia (Mrs. Theodore P. Shouts), Eva (Mrs. Henry Goss), Jennie (Mrs. John L. Sawyer), and Mary Lord (Mrs. George W. Sturdivant). - - g|OHN HENRY GEAR, Governor of Iowa for two terms and à later United States Senator, was born in Ithaca, N. Y., on the 7th of April, 1825. He was the son of an Episcopal clergyman, Rev. Ezekiel G. Gear, and his wife, Miranda Cook, who removed with their family to Galena, Ill., in 1836, and thence to Fort Snelling, Iowa Territory, in 1838. - 282 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Having received a common school education, Mr. Gear, in 1843, moved to Burlington, Iowa, and in five years rose to a partnership in the wholesale grocery business of W. F. Coolbaugh & Co., whom he Succeeded as sole owner five years later. He also became active in railway and other enterprises, especially as a railroad builder, and in 1867 was elected President of the newly organized Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railroad Company, now the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern. The success of this line was largely due to his business ability and energy. He was also one of the chief promoters of the Burlington and Southwestern and the Burlington and North- western Railroads. Governor Gear's political career really began in 1871, though he had previously served as Mayor of Burlington (1863) and in other city Offices. In 1871 he was elected to the lower P[ouse of the Fourteenth General Assembly of Iowa, and was reelected and chosen Speaker at the end of the famous deadlock in the Granger Legislature in 1874. He Was reelected Speaker in 1876, being the only man except Hon. John Y. Stone who has twice been chosen to that position in the Iowa House. On June 28, 1877, the Republican State Convention nominated him for Governor, and he was elected over John P. Irish by a plurality of 42,193. He was renominated and reelected to succeed himself, his ma- jority over H. H. Trimble being 23,828. As Governor Of IOWa. Mr. Gear achieved wide distinction. His emi- nent ability and integrity of character, enabled him to grasp every function of the State government in a manner which pleased the peo- ple and safeguarded their public interests. He earned the title of “Old Business,” which he retained until his death. He was elected to Congress from the First District of Iowa in 1886 and reelected two years later, but in 1890 went down with the ava- lanche which swept so many Republicans under. In 1892, however, he was again elected, and during the latter part of President Harri- son's administration was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He was a leading member of the House Committee on Ways and Means in Congress, took a prominent part in framing the McKinley tariff law of 1890, and had special charge of the sugar schedule. In January, 1894, after one of the greatest political battles in the history of Iowa, the State Legislature elected Mr. Gear to succeed Hon. James F. Wilson as United States Senator. Before taking his seat he was stricken with apoplexy, but finally recovered his health, and entered upon his senatorial duties March 4, 1895. He was Chair- man of the Senate Committee on Pacific Railways and successfully HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 283 funded the Pacific Railroad debt in 1899, securing a settlement high- ly satisfactory to the government. In January, 1900, he was re- elected United States Senator, and died in Washington, D. C., on July 14 of the same year. He was a delegate-at-large from Iowa to the Republican National Convention at Saint Louis in 1896 and was the Iowa member of the Committee on Resolutions in that body. - Governor Gear was married in 1852 to Harried S. Foot, of Middle- bury, Vt., who was his greatest aid in all his political achievements. They had two children: Mrs. J. W. Blythe and Mrs. Horace S. Rand. tº LYSSES LESLIE MARVIN, LL.D., of Akron, Judge of the § Circuit Court of the Eighth Circuit of Ohio, is the son of Ulysses Marvin, who was born in Lyme, Conn., in 1801, and whose ancestors came to that colony from England in 1641, the first of the name in America being Reynolds Marvin. Ulysses Marvin was married at Middletown, Conn., in 1822, to Elizabeth Pradley, who was born in that town in 1800. They removed to Ohio in 1829 and settled on a farm in Summit County. Judge Marvin was born in Stow, Summit County, Ohio, March 14, 1839. He attended the public schools, Twinsburgh Academy, and Franklin Institute, in his native State, and in his youth engaged in teaching. During the winter of 1861-62 he was Principal of the High School at Kent, Ohio. In 1862 he enlisted in the Union Army, and served until the close of the War, being promoted to First Lieutenant in 1863 and to Captain in 1864. On May 13, 1865, he was brevetted Major “for gallant and meritorious services.” He was severely wounded at Fort Harrison, Va., September 29, 1864, Prior to enter- ing the army Judge Marvin studied law and was admitted to the bar, and from the close of the war to the present time, except while hold- ing public office, he has successfully practiced his profession in his native State. At the bar he has displayed legal abilities of the high- est order. He was first elected Probate Judge of Summit County in 1869 and served two successive terms. In 1883 he became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He is now serving his second term as Judge of the Circuit Court of the Eighth Circuit of Ohio, his first term commenc- ing in February, 1895, and his second in February, 1901. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and of the Cleveland Church Club. 284 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Politically Judge Marvin is a Republican and in several instances has rendered valuable service to the party. He is a man of great in- tegrity of character, of broad and accurate learning, possessing a pro- ULYSSES L. MARVIN, LL.D. found knowledge of jurisprudence, and a public spirited, progressive citizen. On the bench he has displayed that dignity, impartiality, and breadth of character which distinguish the capable jurist. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 285 Judge Marvin was married, November 24, 1861, at Kent, Ohio, to Dorena, only daughter of Hon. D. L. IRockwell. She died November 1, 1898, leaving four children: David Leslie, who died June 30, 1900; George U., of Mason City, Iowa; Charles A., of Akron, Ohio; and Frank R., a student at the University of Michigan. zºº. OHN HENRY BURFORD, of Guthrie, Chief Justice of the :Nº Supreme Court of Oklahoma, was born in Parke County, Ind., I'ebruary 29, 1852. His parents, James and Sarah Ann Burford, were both natives of Indiana, his father be- ing a farmer and Baptist minister. His grandparents were born in Kentucky and his great-grandparents in Virginia, while his ancestors are of English descent. Judge Burford was educated in the common schools, at the Wave- land Collegiate Institute, and at the Indiana State University. He was reared on the farm, taught school, and early earned his support at farm labor. He read law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced at Crawfordsville, Ind., where he held the office of Prosecuting At- torney of the Twenty-second Circuit from 1880 to 1882. Removing to Oklahoma Territory, he soon gained a high standing at the bar and took an active part in public affairs. He became Probate Judge. of Beaver County in 1890, served as IRegister of the United States land office at Oklahoma City from 1890 to 1892, and was Associate Justice of the Oklahoma Supreme Court from 1892 to 1896. In 1897 he was made Chief Justice for a term of four years. As a Repub- lican leader he has rendered valuable service to the party and to the cause of sound money. He is an able organizer, a public spirited citizen, and a man of Strong character. February 14, 1876, he was married at Indianapolis, Ind., to Mary A. Cheek. They have one son, Frank Edmund Broden Burford, born November 7, 1888. gºl SA SMITH BUSHNELL, ex-Governor of Ohio, was born at §| Rome, Oneida County, N. Y., September 16, 1834. His father, Daniel Bushnell, of Lisbon, Conn., was the son of Jason Bushnell, a soldier of the Revolutionary War, who served first in Captain Charles Miel's company of General Water- bury's brigade and afterward joined the army of Washington at Tar. 286 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. rytown. Daniel Bushnell and his family moved to Ohio about 1845, settling at Cincinnati, and there Asa S. Bushnell remained until 1851, when he became a citizen of Springfield, Clark County. Without money, friends, or influence, but possessed of a clear head, active habits, and perfect health, Mr. Bushnell entered upon a busi- ness life, becoming a clerk in a dry goods store. After three years he became bookkeeper in the firm of Leffel, Cook & Blakeney, and re- mained in their employ until the spring of 1857, when he accepted a position with Warder, Brokaw & Child, manufacturers of mowers and reapers. In the fall of the Same year he formed a partnership with Dr. John Ludlow in the drug business, which continued for ten years. He was then admitted as a partner in the concern of his old employers, the firm name having been changed to Warder, Mitchell & Co. In that business he has since continued with great success, being now the President of the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Co., successors of the old firm, and One Of the leading COmpanies in the manufacture of mowers and reapers in the United States. He is a thorough busi- ness man, widely known as such, as he has been identified with many of the prominent and successful enterprises of Springfield and other cities. He has been for years President of the First National Bank of Springfield and at the head of several corporations. He is a mem- ber of the Protestant Episcopal Church, a Scottish Rite Mason, 33°, and Trustee of the Ohio Masonic Home, to which he gave $10,000 in 1891, thus securing to Springfield the location of the institution. During the civil war he raised a company, and served in 1864, under General David Hunter, as its Captain, in the One Hundred and Fifty- second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the Shenandoah Valley. He is prominent in the Grand Army of the Republic, being a member of Mitchell Post, Springfield. He is also one of the founders and an officer of the Ohio Society, Sons of the Revolution. For four years he was Quartermaster-General upon the staff of Governor Joseph B. FOI’aker. e Governor Bushnell for many years has been prominent in Ohio Re- publican politics, having been a member of nearly every State and National convention within the last two decades. In 1892 he was one of the delegates-at-large to the Minneapolis convention, and in March, 1896, he was unanimously chosen as one of the delegates-at-large to the St. Louis convention. After being actively engaged in local cam- paigns he was drafted into State politics, and in 1885 became Chair- man of the Republican State Executive Committee, under the man. agement of which the party not only elected Governor Foraker by a HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 287 handsome plurality, but also accomplished the unprecedented result of securing a majority in the General Assembly without the vote of Hamilton County, and thus re-elected John Sherman to the United States Senate. In 1887 he was nominated by acclamation as the Republican candidate for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with Gov- ernor Foraker, but for business reasons declined to accept the nomina- tion. In 1889 there was a general demand that he should head the State ticket of his party, but he positively refused to allow his name to be used. In 1891 he was again urged to become a gubernatorial candidate, but declined and supported Major William McKinley, who became the nominee by acclamation. He refused several times to be- come a congressional candidate, and when in May, 1895, the Republi- cans, assembled in convention at Zanesville, nominated him as their candidate for Governor, he had not sought the honor. He was elected in November, 1895, by a plurality of 92,622, a victory greater than any ever achieved by an Ohio Governor, save John Brough, who was a war-time candidate, and who received practically the entire vote cast. On November 2, 1897, he was reclected, receiving a plurality of 28,105, the greatest ever given in Ohio in a year following a presidential election. gºl REDERICK G. WITHOFT, of Dayton, Ohio, a leading Re- §§ºl publican and successful business man, was born in Balti- more, Md., August 25, 1849, being the son of Frederick and Anna Magdaline (Shields) Withoft. Both his parents were natives of Bremen, Germany, whence they removed to Baltimore in 1848. His father, before coming to America, followed the seas as a whale fisher. In 1850 he removed to Osborn, Ohio, and established a cooperage business, in which he continued until his death in 1871. Mr. Withoft received an excellent common school education, sup- plemented by a course in a business college. He learned the ma- Chinist’s trade with W. P. Callahan & Co., and remained with that firm for six years, when he became a commercial traveler for a nursery establishment. Enjoying marked success in the latter occupation, he decided to embark in the nursery business on his own account, and organized the Albaugh Nursery Company, which has since attained a very prominent position. In 1890 Mr. Withoff effected the organi- zation of large orchard companies in the peach belt of Georgia. He is at present interested in seven fruit farms in the State of Georgia, covering more than 7,000 acres and containing more than half a mill- 288 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ion peach, pear and plum trees. He is a Director and Vice-President of the Albaugh Nursery and Orchard Company of Tadmor, Ohio, Presi- dent of the Ohio Fruitland Company, and Treasurer of the Albaugh (Ga.) I'ruit Company of Georgia. He is also a Director in the Miami Loan and Building Association of Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Withoft has been an ardent supporter of the principles of the Republican party ever since he became of age. One of the most re- spected citizens of Dayton, he holds a position of recognized prom- inence and influence in I&epublican councils in that portion of Ohio. He was appointed Postmaster of the City of Dayton by President Mc- Kinley in January, 1900. He was married, in 1870, to Cora E., daughter of John F. Cyester, of Virginia. They have four children, three sons and one daughter. ășLPHONSO TAFT, LL.D., of Cincinnati, Ohio, was born at _* *** * * * * * Townshend, Vt., November 5, 1810, and died May 28, 1891. The Tafts date their ancestry back to colonial days in Massachusetts. At the age of sixteen Alphonso Taft left his fathers farm. For several years he taught school during the Winter, thus procuring the means for paying his Way at Amherst Academy. At the age of nineteen he entered Yale College, where, in 1833, he was graduated with high honors. After his graduation he served as tutor in Yaie College, meantime studying law at the Yale Law School, where he was graduated in 1838. The following year he moved to Cincinnati, where he began an active professional life, in which he continued, save when holding a cabinet office or the position of foreign minister, almost up to the day of his death. Mr. Taft be- came a Judge of the Supreme Court in 1865, by appointment, and was elected as his own successor by the unanimous vote of his own party and that of the Democratic as well. In March, 1876, President Grant called Judge Taft to his Cabinet as Secretary of War. At the end of three months he was made Attorney-General of the United States, and held the office until the close of Grant’s term. In 1882 he was ap- pointed Minister to Austria, and in 1883 he received the appointment of Minister to Russia, which he held until 1885. Mr. Taft was a most industrious and conscientious Worker all his life. The degree of Doctor of Laws, which he bore, was conferred on him by Yale College. . - HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 289 Fºsºl HARLES P. TAFT, Editor and owner of the Cincinnati Rºč. Times-Star, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21, 1843, and is the eldest son of the late Hon. Alphonso Taft. He received his early education in the city schools, ending with three years in Woodward High School. He prepared for college at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., entered Yale College in 1860, and was graduated in 1864. Mr. Taft was graduated from the Colum- bia Law School in New York in 1866 and was for a time a member of the firm of Sage, Haacke & Taft. He then went abroad and attended the University at Heidelberg, from which he received in 1868 the de- gree of J. U. D. He continued his studies at the College de France, Paris, another year, and after a season of travel in England and Scotland, returned to Cincinnati in November, 1869, and formed a law partnership with Gen. E. F. Noyes. In 1871 Mr. Taft was elected a member of the Legislature. He was nominated by the Republicans for Congress in 1872 and was defeated by the Greeley tidal wave in Hamilton County. He then resumed the practice of law. In the fall of 1895 Mr. Taft was elected a member of the Fifty-fourth Congress to represent the First District of Ohio. *|ILLIAM. H. TAFT, a son of the late ex-Attorney-General Hål Alphonso Taft, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 15, 1857. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, was graduated from the Woodward High School in 1874 and from Yale College in 1878, and at once began the study of law. In 1880 he was graduated from the Cincinnati Law School, and the same month of graduation was admitted to the bar. The next year he was appointed Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Hamilton County, which office he resigned in 1882 to accept the office of Collec- tor of Internal Revenue for the First District of Ohio, to which place he was appointed by President Arthur. In 1885 he was made As- sistant County Solicitor and a little later was appointed by Governor Foraker to fill the place on the Superior bench made vacant through the resignation of Judge Harmon. This term expired in 1888, when Judge Taft was elected to succeed himself for the full term of five years. Before he could serve out his term, however, President Harri- son appointed him Solicitor-General of the United States, and on May 17, 1892, he was again honored by the same President with the 290 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. appointment as Judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. President McKinley recently appointed Judge Taft President of a Philippine commission at Manila, Philippine Islands. ;ººl AMUEL BROTHERTON KERNAN, of Wichita, Kan., a £ººl prominent Republican and citizen of that community, was born in Washington County, Pa., May 26, 1851. His pa- ternal ancestors came to this country from Ireland about 1785, settling in the State of Pennsylvania, near Carlisle. He was educated in the public schools of Monongahela, Pa., and in 1883 removed to Kansas. He has long been successfully engaged in mercantile business in Wichita, Where, as already indicated, he Occupies a leading position both as a citizen and in political life. He has held the offices of President of the Board of Education and City Treasurer. Since August, 1899, he has been Chairman of the Repub- Jican County Committee. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a member Of the SCOttigh rite b00ies. UGUSTUS EVERETT WILLSON, lawyer and representa- tive Republican of Louisville, Ky., was born in Maysville, in that State, October 13, 1846. His parents were Hiram *=" and Ann Colvin (Ennis) Willson, the former having been born in Windsor, Vt., and the latter in the State of Rhode Island. His father resided at New Albany, Ind., during the most exciting period of slavery days, and was one of the original Republicans of Southern Indiana, supporting Fremont in the campaign of 1856 with fearlessness and zeal, notwithstanding the no small element of per- sonal risk which such activity involved. Forcey the Willson, the eldest brother of Augustus E., was the author of “The Old Sergeant ’’ and other poems published by Ticknor & Fields. He died in 1867. Mr. Willson received his preparatory education at Alfred Univer- sity in Allegany County, N. Y., and was graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1869. He was admitted to the bar at Louisville, Ry., in October, 1870, and then engaged in the practice of his profes- sion. He has had a successful career at the bar. He has long been a conspicuous figure in Republican politics in the City of Louisville. He was a delegate to the Republican National HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 291 Conventions of 1884, 1888, and 1892, and in 1892, 1894, 1896, and 1898 was the Republican candidate for representative in Congress from the Fifth Kentucky District. From December, 1875, to August, 1876, he held the office of Chief Clerk of the Treasury Department of the United States. He married Mary Elizabeth Ekin, daughter of Colonel James A. Ekin, Deputy Quartermaster-General of the United States Army. ;AMES BARNET, of Cleveland, Ohio, has long been one of Nº the conspicuous men of the Republican party in the Buck- eye State. He was a Whig while the Whig party lasted, and he has been a Republican ever since the Republican party has had a national existence. His first vote was cast for Henry Clay for President and he was one of the Fremont voters of 1856. He is one of the honored veterans of the Civil War. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he took the First Ohio Light Artillery into the field as its Colonel. He served during the entire war, retiring with the rank of brevet Brigadier-General. He has always taken a zealous interest in the Loyal Legion, and is one of its most esteemed members in the State Of Ohio. General Barnet was a delegate to the Republican National Con- vention of 1880, at Chicago, which nominated Garfield for the Presi- dency, and he was a delegate to the Convention of 1900 at Philadel- phia, by which President McKinley was nominated for a second term. He was one of the Board of Managers of the National Home for Dis- abled Volunteer Soldiers, a position to which he was appointed by joint resolution of the two Houses of Congress. ;s. HARLES F. WENNEKER, of St. Louis, Mo., was born in that §§§ city on the 10th of October, 1853. He received a common school education, also taking a two years' course in a com- mercial college, and at the age of thirteen obtained em- ployment in the confectionery business. He has ever since been en- gaged in that business, and has made a reputation as a successful merchant. He is President of the Wenneker-Morris Candy Company. Mr. Wenneker is one of the conspicuous Republicans of the City of St. Louis. During President Harrison's administration he served as United States Internal Revenue Collector for the First District of 292 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Missouri. He is at present Collector of the Revenue of the City of St. Louis, the most responsible position in the gift of the city. He is also Treasurer of the Republican State League of Missouri. He is a member of the Business Men’s League, the Mercantile Club, the Mer- chants' Exchange, and the Supreme Lodge of the A. O. U. W., and is prominent in the Masonic fraternity. *====ssº-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: jº HOMAS ABBOTT CHESHIRE, one of the leading lawyers jº and Republicans of Des Moines, Iowa, was born April 2, . tº 1854, in a log cabin erected by his father upon a quarter tº--- * section of land in Poweshiek County, in that State, which he entered in 1853. He is the son of John Wesley Cheshire and Grace Melinda Vestal, his wife, who was the daughter of a clergy- man and Southern Whig, very much opposed to slavery, who emi- grated to IOW.a. in 1851. John W. Cheshire Was a native Of North Carolina, where he lived from 1833 until he removed to Iowa in 1853. He married Miss Vestal May 15, 1851. His family had always been slaveholders. In 1854 he returned South, but again went to Iowa in 1858, and when the Civil War broke out in 1861 he volunteered in Company B, Fortieth Iowa Infantry, and went back to the South to fight the battles of his country against his place of birth and many of his kinsmen. He was the editor and proprietor of the Montezuma Re- publican. His ancestors emigrated to the United States from England at a very early date and settled in North Carolina. Thomas A. Cheshire was educated in a log school house about eight miles south of Grinnell, Iowa, and in 1864 removed with his father to Montezuma, where he attended the public schools. He also at- tended the Iowa College in Grinnell for a short time, and later en- tered the University of Iowa at Iowa City. He did not complete the course, however, his health having become impaired. He entered his father's printing office to learn the printer's trade, assisted his father in the editorial work, and, having determined to become a lawyer, entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1874. He was graduated from that institution with the de- gree of LL.B. in 1876, and at once commenced the practice of his pro- fession in Montezuma, where he soon came into prominence as an able and successful lawyer. His father's death in 1877 made it necessary for him and his brother to take charge of the paper, which they bought and conducted until 1880, when Thomas A. resumed the prac- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 293 tice of his profession, forming a partnership with Charles R. Clark. He continued in active practice until November 3, 1886, when he moved to Des Moines, the State capital, and there practiced alone until October, 1890, when he entered the firm of Cole & McVey, the new firm name being Cole, McVey & Cheshire. In June, 1893, Judge Cole retired, and the firm of McVey & Cheshire continued until June, 1896, when it was dissolved. Since that time Mr. Cheshire has prac- ticed alone, giving special attention to general civil business. He has gained a large and successful practice, especially as an insurance lawyer in personal injury cases against manufacturing and railroad corporations and general civil practice. Politically Mr. Cheshire is one of the leading Republicans of the State of Iowa. He declined the nomination for County Attorney just before he removed from Montezuma, but was elected Mayor of that city at the age of twenty-two. From 1890 until Janury 1, 1895, he was Assistant Attorney-General of the State under John Y. Stone, and argued practically all the criminal cases appealed to the Supreme Court. He also prepared many opinions for the Attorney-General. In 1893 he was nominated by acclamation for State Senator from Polk County, and was elected by 3,100 plurality. He was reelected four years later by an increased majority. During his first session he was Chairman of the Committee on Tabor, and was a member of the {}ommittees on Judiciary, Cities and Towns, Printing, Judicial Dis- tricts, and Agriculture. He took a prominent part in changing the laws providing a salary instead of fees for constables and justices of the peace. During his second session he was Chairman of the Com- mittee on Cities and Towns, was second on the Judiciary Committee, and served on other important committees. He took an active part in the codification of the laws and the making of the code of 1897, and as Chairman of the Committee on Cities and Towns gave special attention to the laws in regard to cities and towns, the most intricate part of the codification. He offered an amendment to the revenue bill, providing for the taxation of telegraph, telephone, express, and sleeping car companies, which became known as the Cheshire amend- ment, and attracted wide attention. It is similar to the laws of In- diana, Ohio, and Kentucky, and provides for the valuation of these properties by taking the market value of stock, the bonded indebted- ness being deducted, and also the personal property and real estate taxed locally, and dividing the amount thus obtained by the number of miles regularly operated or run by the company, and fixing this as the value of the property per mile to be assessed as other property. 2.94. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. This would have resulted in largely increasing the taxes of these cor- porations. The Senate failed to agree on the amendment, but it was adopted by the House, and the conference committee reported a com- promise measure which embodied some of the features of the amend- ment, and this brought largely increased revenues to the State from these COrpOrations. Senator Cheshire was Chairman Of the COmmit- tee on Judiciary in the Senate in 1898 and was a member of Other im- portant committees. He again offered his revenue measure, but it was swallowed up in other business, particularly the Board of Con- trol bill. A substitute bill to tax the cars of fast freight lines, oil companies, coal and refrigerator cars, etc., was reported by the Ways and Means Committee and passed the Senate, but it was defeated in the EIouse by the sifting committee. He was again elected as Chair- man of the Committee on Judiciary in the Senate in 1900, and his second term as Senator expired January 1, 1902, He has given special attention to laws relating to cities and towns and to the tax- ation of corporations, believing that they should be taxed to the same extent and for the same purpose as the property of individuals. He is officially connected with the Home Savings Bank of Des Moines and is attorney for a number of insurance and other corporations, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and active and influential in every movement which promises benefit for the community. In the practice of his profession and in the discharge of his public duties he has main- tained a high degree of honor, and has always stood fearlessly and ably for his convictions. Mr. Cheshire was married, September 18, 1879, to Virginia B. Mc- Clellan. One daughter, Virginia, was born to them July 26, 1880. Mrs. Cheshire died August 3, 1880. Mr. Cheshire was married, sec- ond, December 3, 1884, to Harriet L. Hills. They have two children: Henry Hale, born January 1, 1890, and Everett Emmet, born June 23, 1893. . RANCIS MARION THOMPSON, of Pawnee, Oklahoma, was iſ born on a farm near Linn, Osage County, Mo., June 24, 1843, his parents being James Thompson and Esther Estes. His father, a native of Illinois, was a Whig in politics and a sturdy and successful farmer all his life. His mother was born in Missouri. On both sides he is descended from ancestors who came to America from England during Colonial days. * Mr. Thompson, in 1849, moved with the family to Hempstead Coun- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 295 ty, Ark., where he received a public school education. His studies, however, were pursued mostly at home by the light of tallow candles and pine knot fires. In June, 1861, he entered the Confederate Army as a private in Company G, Nineteenth Arkansas Infantry, and served until the spring of 1865, when he surrendered, holding a commission as Captain. He was captured and held for a time as a prisoner, and was at Chickamauga, Wilson's Creek, and other important engage- ments, but was never wounded. After the war, from 1865 to 1884, he was a merchant, first at Magnolia and afterward at PIope, Ark. From 1884 to 1889 he was engaged in business as a broker and rail- way contractor, and since 1893 he has been successfully engaged in banking, being now a Director of the Arkansas Valley National Bank of Pawnee and of the Lexington National Bank of Lexington, Okla- homa. He was associated with the organization of both of these in- stitutions and has been largely instrumental in their development and SUICCéSS. Politically Mr. Thompson was reared a Whig. He espoused the cause of the Confederacy with sincerity and believed it would win un- til he went to Richmond shortly after being released from prison in 1863, when he saw that it was not only a hopeless cause, but also realized that its principles were Wrong. After the war he became a stanch Republican and has ever since been active in the party. He voted for Grant in 1868, in which year he accepted his first public of. fice, that of Superintendent of Public Instruction of Columbia County, Ark. Pſe was elected to the lower House of the Arkansas Legislature in 1871 and was appointed District Court Clerk of Columbia County in 1873. He removed from Magnolia to Hope, Ark., in 1875, was Mayor of Hope for several terms, and was elected County and Probate Judge in 1882. In 1886 he was elected State Senator for four years from the Counties of Hempstead and Nevada. In the Senate his name was associated with measures for fair and honest elections, prison reform, and the protection of the homestead rights of married women. He introduced and urged the passage of bills on these Subjects, and his homestead bill became a law and is now on the Statute books. Mr. Thompson was appointed Superintendent of the Hot Springs (Ark.) Reservation by President Harrison in 1889 and served during Harrison's term. In 1893 he was appointed under Cleveland a mem- ber of the Town Site Board in “Cherokee Outlet” and served a full term of two years. He was appointed Territorial Treasurer of Okla- homa by Governor Barnes in 1897, and was reappointed in 1899 and 1901. In every capacity he has displayed great energy, sound judg- 296 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. ment, rare force of character, and untiring devotion to the best inter- ests of the people. He is a public spirited citizen, and during his en- tire career has had the confidence and respect of all who know him. He is a Mason and a prominent member of the Knights Of Pythias, having served as Grand Chancellor of that order for Arkansas in 1884. Mr. Thompson settled in Pawnee, Pawnee County, Oklahoma, in 1893. He was married August 15, 1865, at Magnolia, Columbia Coun- ty, Ark., to Elmina Catherine Hicks. They have two sons: Francis Marion, Jr., and Floyd. º:HARLES HENRY SMITH, of Saint Louis, Mo., was born in § Cincinnati, Ohio, November 13, 1855. He is the son of Henry and Anna (Rinckhoff) Smith, the former a native of Manchester, England, and the latter of Hamburg, Ger- many. His family removed to New Orleans during his early child- hood, and he was educated in the public and private schools of that city. Leaving school at an early age, he began work as a butcher's boy, and later was employed as a cash boy in the commercial establish- ment of D. H. Holmes & Co., of New Orleans. At the end of a year he entered the mercantile house of Wallace & Co., then the largest of the wholesale dry goods houses of New Orleans, becoming a clerk in the credit department. In 1871 he severed his connection with that firm, and for five years thereafter was connected with a mercantile house at Homer, in Claiborne Parish, La. He moved from there to Saint Louis in 1876, and after his arrival in that city studied telegraphy and entered the employ of the Western Union Telegraph Company. After serving that corporation two years he was appointed manager of the western city office of the American District Telegraph Company, retaining that position until 1880. He resigned the managership of the District Telegraph to accept a posi- tion with Hon. R. C. Kerens, and was in his employ up to the time of his appointment to the office of Surveyor of the Port of Saint Louis. An enthusiastic Republican, Mr. Smith has long taken an active in- terest in city, State, and National politics and is recognized as a leader of the young and progressive element of his party in Missouri. He was appointed Surveyor of the Port of Saint Louis May 4, 1897, by President McKinley, was promptly confirmed by the United States Senate, and entered upon the discharge of his official duties May 15, 1897. He is an Episcopalian, a member of the Legion of Honor, the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 297 Royal Arcanum, the Mercantile Club, and the Elks Club, of Saint Louis, and secretary and treasurer of a number of corporations. December 14, 1881, Mr. Smith married Miss Sophia Hagemann, of Saint Louis. Their children are Claude Henry, Richard Lester, and Gladys Amelia. ICHARD C. KERENS, of Saint Louis, Mo., prominently con- nected with railroads throughout the country, was born in Ireland in 1842. He was brought to this country by his parents an infant. While yet young his father died, and the care of his mother and sisters devolved upon him. At the age of nineteen he entered the Union Army and was assigned to duty in the transportation department. He spent two years on the Potomac in the campaigns of the Army of the Virginia. In 1863 he was trans- ferred to the West and participated in the campaigns in Southwest Missouri, taing part in the conquest of Northwest Arkansas. In the latter locality he lived for several years after the war. In 1872 Mr. Kerens engaged in transportation of mails, express, and passengers by stage coaches to points on the frontier beyond the ad- vance of railroads. The routes ran through hostile Indian territories. In 1874 he began the operation of a Southern overland mail, a service which covered 1,400 miles of frontier country. His promptness, fidel- ity, and perseverance earned the commendation of the Postmaster Generals of three administrations. After railroads had superseded the stage coaches Mr. Kerens moved to Saint Louis, and there first took an interest in politics. As a stanch Republican he became prominent in the councils of his party. He was never a candidate for office, but as the friend and admirer of Mr. Blaine he took an active part in Republican conventions, especially when Mr. Blaine was the presidential candidate. In 1892 Mr. Kerens was a delegate-at-large to the Minneapolis Republican Convention, and was elected to represent Missouri on the Republican National Committee, and later was selected as one of nine members of the Executive COmmittee. Mr. Kerens has large interests in mines in New Mexico, Colorado, and Arizona, and is or has been actively interested in the Atchison system, the Saint Louis Southwestern Railway, the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, the Eureka Springs Railroad, and the Los Angeles Terminal Railway. President Harrison appointed him 298 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. One Of the three United States members Of the InterCOntinental Rail- Way Commission, which had for its object the construction of a rail- road throughout the South American Republics. President Harrison also appointed him commissioner-at-large to the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago. Mr. Kerens was again chosen in 1896 to represent Missouri upon the Republican National Committee. When the Legislature of Mis- Souri assembled in January following he was made the caucus nomi- nee and received the vote of the Republican members and Senators for United States Senator; and again in 1899, upon the assembling of the Legislature, he was nominated by acclamation in the caucus, and was the candidate of the Republicans in that general assembly for United States Senator. gº! HARLES HENRY GROSVENOR, of Athens, has been for § many years one of the most distinguished figures in Repub- lican politics of Ohio. Born at Pomfret, Windham County, Conn., September 20, 1833, he is the son of Major Peter Grosvenor, who served in the Tenth Connecticut Regiment in the War of 1812, and a grandson of Colonel Thomas Grosvenor, of the Second Connecticut Regiment in the Revolution. In May, 1838, his parents moved to Ohio, but there was no School house near where they settled until he was fourteen years old, when he attended a few terms in a country log school house in Athens County. He taught school and studied law, was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1857, and for many years from the time of the organization of the Ohio State Par Association was Chairman of its Executive Committee. In July, 1861, he enlisted in the Union Army, in the Eighteenth Ohio Volunteers, and served until November, 1865, being promoted to Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel, and Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He commanded a brigade at the battle of Nashville in December, 1864, and in other engagements achieved distinction for bravery and conspicuous service. General Grosvenor has been especially prominent in politics, being for many years one of the ablest leaders of the Republican party in Ohio. He has held various township and village offices, was a mem- ber of the Ohio House of Representatives from 1874 to 1878, and served as Speaker of the House two years. He was Presidential Elector for the Fifteenth Ohio District and was chosen to carry the HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 299 electoral vote of the State to Washington in 1872, was Presidential Elector-at-large in 1880, and was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans Home, at Xenia, from April, 1880, to 1888, serving as President of the Board for five years. He was first elected to the Forty-ninth Congress, and has been re- elected to every Congress since with the single exception of the Fifty- second, receiving at each election a handsome majority. In the Na- tional House of Representatives he has been an influential factor, and on various occasions has been a leading spirit in guiding affairs of state and shaping important legislation. sº ILLIAM HENRY DYER, of Newport, Ky., was born in that & city on the 19th of April, 1868, his parents being William Henry and Virginia (Prentice) Dyer. Mr. Dyer’s paternal ancestors lived in Edinburgh, Scotland, where his grand- father, William Dyer, was interested in the shipping business, having himself followed the seas as a captain. The father of Mr. Dyer was born in Edinburgh, but came to this country and settled in Cincinnati, where he was engaged in the publishing business. He died in 1870, when the son was but two years old. His wife died in 1876. Mr. Dyer received his education in the public schools of Newport, Ky., and in collegiate schools in Cincinnati. He is a broker by occu- pation, and is one of the substantial citizens of Newport. He has always been active in the Republican politics of his city and section, and holds a position of recognized influence in party councils. In 1895 he was elected a member of the Kentucky House of Repre- sentatives, and in 1900 a member of the State Senate He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Masonic fraternity, and is one of the directors of the Newport National Bank. ;|ULIUS FLEISCHMANN, of Cincinnati, prominent in Repub- à lican politics of Ohio, was born at Riverside, Hamilton County, Ohio, on the 8th of June, 1872. His father, Charles Fleischmann, the well known baker and manufacturer of compressed yeast, which made the name internationally famous, was of Austrian ancestry. The family of his mother, who was a Miss Hen- riette Robertson, was of Scottish origin, settled in Germany. 300 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Fleischmann's early education was received in the public schools of Cincinnati and the Franklin School, of that city, from Which he was graduated. His first business experience was as a clerk in his father's house, then conducted under the firm of Fleisch- Imann & Co. He familiarized himself with this vast business so thor- oughly that in 1894 he became manager, which position he held up to the time of his father's death in 1897, when, in conjunction with his brother, Max Fleischmann, he assumed control of all the various Fleischmann interests, among which may be enumerated the follow- ing, in the management of every one of which Mr. Fleischmann takes an active part: President of the Union Grain and Hay Company, the Market National Bank, the Riverside Malting and Elevator Company of Cincinnati, the Illinois Vinegar Manufacturing Company, and the Fleischmann Manufacturing Company of New York, and Vice-Presi- dent of the Cincinnati, Newport and Covington Street Railway. Aside from the numerous interests which engage his time, of which the foregoing are some of the most important, Mr. Fleischmann finds opportunity for social diversion and attention to public matters. In military affairs he has always taken the deepest interest, having served with distinction on the staff of President McKinley when Governor of Ohio. He has also served in the same position under Governors Bush- nell and Nash. Politically Mr. Fleischmann has affiliated with the Republican party since his majority, but despite the consistency of his partisanship a public spirited recognition of his capacity for the high office of Mayor, to which he was elected on April 2, 1900, rallied to his support the conservative business element irrespective of political Creeds. Mr. Fleischmann is a Governor of the Queen City Club, a Director of the Phoenix Club, Vice-President of the Young Men's Blaine Club, and a member of the Commercial Club, the Lincoln and Riding Clubs of Cincinnati, and the New York Yacht and Atlantic Yacht Clubs of New York. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of Cin- cinnati Lodge, No. 5, B. P. O. Elks. Mr. Fleischmann has also been the recipient of many civic honors, a fact which is attributable to the ardent interest that he has taken in the City of Cincinnati and its progress. He is President of the Cincinnati College of Music and a Trustee of the Cincinnati Music Festival Association and Cincinnati College. In conjunction with his brother, Max, he conducts an exten- sive stock farm, and his love of legitimate equine sport is evidenced by the frequent appearance of the celebrated Fleischmann colors on all the great racecourses of the Jockey Club. In yachting, too, Mr. IHISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 301 Fleischmann takes a lively interest, as witnessed by his ownership of the magnificent floating palace “Hiawatha.” Mr. Fleischmann was married, April 12, 1893, to Miss Lilly Acker- land, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Three children were born to them : Louise, Charles, and Julius, Jr. sº. ILLIAM WARNER, of Kansas City, United States Attorney ſº for the Western District of Missouri, was born June 11, 1839, in Lafayette County, Wis. Left an orphan while a child, his accomplishments in life, education, profession, and honorable position have been acquired through his own industry, perseverance, and a forcefulness of character born only out of neces- sity and laudable ambition. From the age of six years he earned his livelihood, and when but ten years old he began work in a store, where he remained five years. While so engaged he devoted his spare time to elementary studies, meanwhile practicing rigid economy and saving a little sum which enabled him to pursue brief academic studies during portions of two years. Having obtained a license as a teacher, he taught school several winters, discharging his duties with faithful ability, and at the same time devoting his night hours to reading law. On arriving at age he passed a successful examina- tion and was admitted to the bar. The beginning of the Civil War found him prepared and desirous of entering upon practice, but an intense feeling of patriotism moved him to abandon his purpose and enter the army. He enlisted in the Thirty-third Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers, in which he was commissioned Adjutant and afterward Captain of Company D. With this command he served gallantly in the Tennessee and Mississippi campaign of 1862, under General Grant, and in 1863 in the Operations culminating in the capture of Vicksburg. July 4, the day of the surrender, it was his privilege to read the Declaration of Independence between the two lines, with officers and soldiers as deeply interested auditors. In 1864 he was promoted to Major in the Forty-fourth Regiment Wisconsin Volun- teers. His service until the end of the war was faithful and meri- torious, and included Various important Staff assignments. In 1865 he located in IXansas City, and laid the foundations for a brilliant and successful professional career. At the same time he has continually been among the foremost of those who have afforded loyal and active assistance in forwarding the many movements through which the commercial and political pre-eminence of the city 302 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. have been established. His services in public positions have been peculiarly conspicuous, redounding at Once to the advantage Of the people and to his own honor. In 1867, in face of an adverse political majority, he was elected City Attorney, and the following year he was elected Circuit Attorney. He served in the latter capacity until May, 1870, when he was elected Mayor, being the only successful candidate upon his ticket. That year marked the beginning of some of the most important municipal movements and public enterprises attending the building-up of Kansas City, and in all he Was a Zealous and Sagacious leader. IRegarding public interests as of first importance, he laid aside party considerations, and contributed materially in 1875 to the election of Turner A. Gill, the Democratic candidate for Mayor, in order to oppose the designs of the National Water Works Company. The same year, as a member of the committee which drafted the new charter of Ransas City, he was primarily instrumental in safeguard- ing public interests through Wise provisions incorporated therein. In 1884 he was elected to the Forty-ninth Congress, in which body he gained almost instant recognition as a man of ability and force of character, and in spite of the traditions which relegate a new member to obscurity, thirteen bills introduced by him being enacted into laws. In 1886 he Was reelected to Congress, although his dis- trict (the Fifth Missouri) had a Democratic majority of over three thousand. He declined a third nomination. In 1892, as candidate for Governor, he considerably reduced the party majority of an un- usually popular opposition candidate. In February, 1898, he was ap- pointed United States Attorney for the Western District of Missouri. The position came to him unsought, and it was accepted solely as a public duty and in the interests of political harmony, and involved much personal discomfort as Well as the abandonment of a consider- able portion of his extensive private practice. In politics he has ever been an earnest Republican, and one of the most influential and popu- lar leaders of his party in the State of Missouri. In every campaign he has been a much sought Orator, and his fearless utterances, con- vincing logic, and impassioned eloquence have ever commanded the warmest admiration of his party friends and deep-seated respect on the part of his opponents. In 1892, and again in 1896, he was a dele- gate-at-large in the Republican National Convention, and a command- ing figure in those great assemblages. In State and minor conven- tions he is habitually a prominent actor. His military record gives him a firm hold upon the affections of his comrades, and he has been advanced to the highest positions in the Grand Army of the Republic. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 303 He was twice elected Commander of the Department of Missouri, and in 1888 he was elected Commander-in-Chief of the National body. To his effort is largely due the establishment of the Soldiers' Home at Leavenworth, Kansas. He is also a member of the Missouri Com- mandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He was married in 1866 to Mrs. Sophia F. Bromley, a sister of T. B. Bullene, a prominent dry goods merchant in Kansas City, Mo. gº RRIN A. REYNOLDS, of Covington, Ky., was born in Jay, § Franklin County, Me., April 10, 1838. Through both his parents, Luther C. and Charlotte (Jackson) Reynolds, he descends from families resident in New England since very early colonial times. They were among the earliest settlers of Bos- ton, and were prominent in the Indian, Colonial, and Revolutionary Wars. His old-country ancestors were natives of Bristol, England. In the paternal line his American ancestry dates back to 1642, and in the maternal to 1640. Mr. Reynolds was reared on a farm, and received a common and high school education in his native State. After teaching school one year he obtained business employment, and from 1859 to 1862 was en- gaged in the manufacture of boots at IRandolph, Mass. On the 9th of September, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Fourth Massachusetts Volunteers. He served With his regiment in General Banks's division, having the rank of Corporal. While performing duty in the Teche district of Louisiana be was taken prisoner by the IRebels, but after three or four weeks was paroled. He was mustered out of the service on the 29th of August, 1863, at Lakeville, Mass. In 1867 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and accepted a position with the American Sewing Machine Company. In 1872 he became connected with the Singer Manufacturing Company, taking charge of its interests in Covington, Ky., where he has since resided. He re- mained with the Singer Company for twenty-four years. On the 1st of December, 1897, he was appointed by President Mc- Kinley Postmaster of Covington. He has been an ardent supporter of the Republican party ever since that Organization came into existence, and during nearly the entire period of his residence in Covington has been a member of the Republican County Executive Committee. He has served his fellow-citizens as a member of the Covington School Board. 304 HISTOBY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Mr. Reynolds is a member of James A. Garfield Post, No. 2, Grand Army of the Republic, and is active in that order, having served as Department Commander of the State. He is a prominent Mason, a member of Covington Commandery, No. 7, K. T., and a member of National Union, Royal Arcanum, and of the Knights of Honor. He is a Director in the Cottage Building Association of Covington, and an elder of the First Presbyterian Church of that city. He was married, in Cincinnati, in 1869, to Mary Barry Lyle, daugh- ter of James and Mary Lyle, of Philadelphia, late of County Antrim, Ireland. They have two sons: Dr. Charles Waugh Reynolds and Dr. Orrin Lyle Reynolds, both of Whom are practicing physicians in Cov- ington, Ky. - an AMES LOUIS MINNIS was born November 6, 1866, in Car. iſ roll County, Mo., being the son of Thomas W. and Emeline (Templeman) Minnis. He comes of a family of Irish ex- traction which was represented among the earliest settlers of that State, coming there from Tennessee. His mother's family, the Templemans, came to Missouri from Kentucky. When Carroll County was organized Thomas Minnis, of the family to which James L. Min- nis belongs, was chosen one of the first judges of the county court. The father of Mr. Minnis, who was a prosperous farmer during his active life, is living in retirement at Norborne, Carroll County. Mr. Minnis was educated in the public schools of his native county and at William Jewell College at Liberty, Mo. After graduating from college he read law with J. F. Graham, of Carrollton, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1887. He at once began practice at Carrollton, and soon impressed himself upon both the bar and the public as a young man of superior ability and attainments. In less than a year he was elected Prosecuting Attorney and filled that office two years. In 1894 he was chosen a Representative in the Legis- iature and discharged the duties of that position with signal ability. As a lawyer he has been successful from the beginning. During the years 1898-99 his cousin, Lewis M. Minnis, was associated with him in a professional partnership, but with this exception he has practiced alone. A firm believer in the principles of the Republican party, he has taken an active part in politics and his attractive oratory and logical HiSTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 305 argument have made him one of the most effective campaigners in Missouri. In 1896 he was a delegate from the Second Congressional District to the Republican National Convention at Saint Louis, and nominated William McKinley for President. In 1900 he was chosen one of the four delegates-at-large from Missouri to the Repub- lican National Convention which met in Philadelphia and renomi- nated President McKinley. Mr. Minnis was married, October 2, 1889, to Miss Martha A. Stand- ley. Their children are Milton Standley, Marie Louise, James Louis, and Wells Blodgett Minnis. gººd OSEPH WESLEY JONES, a well known citizen and old Re- e • *, *, * * §§§ publican of Columbus, Ohio, was born in Athens County, tº in that State, March 8, 1836, being the son of David and ...' …:- **** Sarah (Dickson) Jones, both of whom were natives of Wales. He received his education in the common Schools of his native county. He has divided his attention between farming and business occupations. Since the war much of his time has been devoted to the real estate business. He is one of the Directors of the Ohio Debenture Company, of Columbus. •. On the 1st of September, 1861, Mr. Jones enlisted in Company A, Sixty-third Ohio Volunteers. He served with his regiment in the Western Division under General Pope, and was in many bloody en- gagements, including those of Saxon (Mo.), New Madrid, Island Num- ber 10, Fort Pillow, Farmington, Corinth, Chickamauga, and Holly Springs. He was mustered out of the army on the 17th of Novem- ber, 1864, at Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Jones has been an active supporter of the Republican party ever since its Organization, and although not a politician or a seeker of public office has served his fellow citizens in several positions of honor and trust. At various times he has held the offices of Town- ship Clerk, Assessor, Mayor of Gloucester, Ohio, and Justice of the Peace. At present he is United States Pension Agent for the District of Ohio. He was married, December 8, 1864, to Martha E., daughter of George S. Anderson, of Hocking, Ohio. Seven children were born of this union. Mrs. Jones died January 10, 1881. For his second wife Mr. Jones married Laura, daughter of Jacob L. Wyatte, of Gloucester, Ohio. Three children have been born to them. 306 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN FAHTY. FºoBINSON LOCKE, of Toledo, Ohio, journalist, was born in § Plymouth, Ohio, March 15, 1856, his parents being David Ross and Martha H. (Bodine) Locke. His father was the celebrated editor of the Toledo Blade, author of the “Nasby’’ letters, etc. The Locke family has been resident in this country since 1659. He received his early education in the Toledo public schools and completed his studies abroad, at Zurich, Switzerland, and Paris, France. He Was trained to newspaper work at an early age, and al- though his active labors on the Blade have been interrupted at various times by travels and official service abroad, he has always been iden- tified with that paper. In 1881 he traveled in Europe, continuing his residence there for the purposes of study until 1883. He spent the winter of 1892-3 in Japan, writing letters from that country to the Toledo Blade. Mr. Locke is a representative Republican of Northern Ohio. In No- vember, 1893, he was appointed by President Arthur United States. Consul at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England. He was removed from that office by President Cleveland, for reasons of so-called “offensive par- tisanship,” in 1885. He was a delegate from the Ninth Ohio District to the Republican National Convention held at Philadelphia in 1900. He is President of the Toledo Blade Company, a Director of the North- ern National Bank of Toledo, and a trustee of the Toledo Public Li- brary. His a thirty-third degree Mason, belongs to all the prominent clubs of Toledo, and is a member of the Union League Club of Chi- cago and the Rowfant Club of Cleveland. He was married, in July, 1886, to Kate, daughter of Hon. C. A. King, former Mayor of Toledo. Mrs. Locke died in January, 1894. He has no children. tº OSEPH BENSON FORAKER, United States Senator from §§§ Ohio, was born near Rainsborough, Highland County, Ohio, on the 5th of July, 1846. His parents are farmers and are still living. He spent the first years of his life on a farm in close touch with the ground and in sympathy with the ennobling influences of nature. Passing from the period of his early boyhood, after his school-days in the country, we find him at the age of sixteen enlisting in the Union Army. He volunteered as a member of Com- pany A, Eighty-ninth Regiment Ohio Volunteers, July 14, 1862, nine days after his sixteenth anniversary. He served with his regiment HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 307 until after the fall of Atlanta. He was made Sergeant August 26, 1862, and I'irst Lieutenant March 14, 1864. Afterward, he was de- tailed for service in the Signal Corps and was assigned to duty as a signal Officer on the staff of Major-General Slocum, who was in com- mand of the left wing of Sherman's army. After the march through Georgia and the Carolinas Lieutenant Foraker was promoted to the rank of Brevet-Captain of United States Volunteers (March 19, 1865, “for efficient services during the campaigns in North Carolina and Georgia *) and was assigned to duty as Aide-de-camp on the staff of General Slocum. This position he held until he was mustered out of the service at the close of the War. After the war Captain Foraker resumed the studies which he had cast aside in Order to enlist, and became a student at Cornell Univer- sity, Ithaca, N. Y. From that institution he was graduated at the close of his twenty-third year, in the summer of 1869. During his col- legiate course he took up and prosecuted the study of law, so that after his graduation he was able to begin to practice. He moved to Cincinnati and was admitted to the Ohio bar on the 14th of October, 1869. From that date he has practiced his profession in Cincinnati with only such intermissions as have been incidental to his public life. On the 4th of October, 1870, Mr. Foraker was married to Miss Julia Bundy, daughter of Hon. H. S. Bundy, of Wellston, Ohio. Of this union have been born five children—two sons and three daughters. The public life of Mr. Foraker began in April, 1879, when he was elected Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati. This position he occupied until the first of May, 1882, when, on account of ill-health, he resigned. On his recovery, however, he resumed the practice of his profession in Cincinnati. In 1883 he received the nomination of the Republican party for Governor of Ohio, but was defeated by his Demo- cratic opponent, Judge Hoadly. In 1884 Mr. Foraker was a delegate to the National Republican Convention and was Chairman of the Ohio delegation. In that relation he put in nomination for the Presi- dency Senator John Sherman. In the following year he was a second time nominated for Governor against Judge Hoadly and was success- ful. Pſe was chosen Governor of the Commonwealth by a handsome majority. In 1887 he was a second time elected to the same office. In the following year he was again a delegate to the Republican Na- tional Convention, and was Chairman of the delegation from Ohio. In this convention also it was his duty to place John Sherman in . nomination for the Presidency, but the candidate failed of gaining a majority of the delegates. In 1889 Mr. Foraker was for the fourth 308 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY, time named for Governor, but was defeated by ex-Governor James E. Campbell. Mr. Foraker then remained in private life until 1892, when he became a candidate for the office of Senator of the United States for Ohio. He received thirty-eight votes, but was defeated by Senator Sherman. In this year he was for the third time delegate-at-large to the Republican National Convention and served in that body as Chair- lman of the Committee on Resolutions. - By this time the term of Hon. Calvin S. Brice in the United States Senate Was drawing to a close and the voice of the people of Ohio was Strongly heard in behalf of Mr. Poraker for the position. In the State Convention at Zanesville, held on the 28th of May, 1895, a resolution was unanimously passed endorsing Mr. Foraker as the Republican candidate for United States Senator. At the ensuing November elec- tion a Republican Legislature was chosen by a majority of over one fundred thousand votes. The sentiment in favor of Mr. Foraker had become overwhelming, and when in January, 1896, the Legislature assembled all show of opposition had melted away. Without the for- mality of a caucus, and by the unanimous vote of his party, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years, commencing with the 4th of March, 1897. The State Republican Convention of 1896 was held in Columbus on the 10th and 11th of March. Senator Foraker presided over the con. vention as its Chairman and was by acclamation chosen for the fourth time to represent the State of Ohio as one of its delegates-at-large to the Republican National Convention to be held at Saint Louis on the 16th of the following June. Such is the briefest outline of the career of one of the great men of Ohio. Senator Foraker is in his prime. He is regarded with admira- tion not only by the people of the State, which he honors and honors him, but also by the people of the whole Nation. He is primarily a man of the people. His sympathies are broad and patriotic. He is strongly on the side of the people and is devoted to American inter- ests in the highest and best sense of that term. His instincts as an old soldier of the Union are blended with the patriotism of the civilian, composing a character as admirable as it is humane. - §|ANIEL M. HOUSER, of Saint Louis, Mo., President of the º; Globe Printing Company, is the son of Elias and Eliza Houser, and was born December 23, 1834, in Washington County, Md. In 1839 his parents removed to Clark County, Mo., and thence to Saint Louis in 1846. Mr. Houser obtained what HISTORY OF THE FEPUBLICAN PARTY. 309 tuition the common schools afforded, and was well grounded in the rudiments of education when, at the age of seventeen, he set out to make his own way in the world. He began active life on the Union, and was with that paper when Hill & McKee purchased it and merged it into the Missouri Democrat. This institution is now known far and wide as the Globe-Democrat. To have been identified with such a lever of power and influence for over half a century already is itself a dis- tinction of extraordinary note. Mr. Houser rose until in a few years he was a bookkeeper and then general business manager. He had just attained his majority when the interest of the senior proprietor of the Democrat was absorbed by Francis P. Blair. On the retirement of Mr. Blair a pecuniary interest in the new organization fell to George W. Fishback and Mr. Houser. In those days a newspaper partner- ship meant no such immense outlay of money as is involved in modern city journalism, nor were the demands of readers upon publishers any- thing like such as they are now. Advertising and circulation patron- age were both limited, and it is a feature of Mr. Houser's long career that the wonderful evolution of the newspaper business in the last half century has been conspicuously participated in by him. Able and fortuitous as has been the editorial management of the Globe-Democrat, the paper never could have attained the success it has except by the application of systematic business methods. A liberal expenditure of money in the collection and transmission of the latest news, Com- petent and properly distributed agents, ample provision for the com- posing and press rooms, and attention to the innumerable details of the counting room require executive ability of the highest standard. The combination of talents that can look to these is exceedingly rare admits of but a single test—success. Up to the death of William Mc- Kee that veteran of the press was President of the Globe Printing Company, the corporate name of the Globe-Democrat concern. Mr. Houser Succeeded him in 1879. He Was for many years a Director of the Western Associated Press, and shared with Richard Smith, W. N. Haldeman, Murat Halstead, Joseph Medill, and other well known newspaper men in planning the operations of that great purveyor of the public's intellectual aliment. He was one of the incorporators and original directors of the St. Louis Exposition, and was very prom- inent in promoting that enterprise, both through his journal and in- dividual effort. In almost every project organized to advance the in- terests of the city his name is found. In 1862 Mr. Houser married Miss Margaret Ingram, of St. Louis, of which marriage two sons and one daughter were born. Both sons 310 HISTORY OF THE EREPUBLICAN PARTY. are employed in the business department of the Globe-Democrat. Mrs. Houser died in February, 1880, and nine years later Mr. Houser mar- ried Miss Agnes Barlow, daughter of Stephen D. Barlow, deceased, by whom he has had four children. Daniel M. EIouser is without ostentation. He is a plain, practical business man, with a kind heart, and an evident purpose to do the right thing. A good deal of his money has been spent in a way to adorn the City of St. Louis architecturally, and it can Well be said of him that he is deserving of the cordial respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens. In November, 1897, having positively declined re- election to the directory of the St. Louis Exposition and Music Hall Association, the general manager was requested by the board to ex- press to Mr. Houser their great regret at his decision. In conveying this regret Frank Gaiennie said: Your unselfish and disinterested work in behalf of the Exposition for fifteen years attests our loyalty to it, and your public spirit in everything that has the interest of St. Louis at heart. Your unanimous nomination by the board would have been ratified by the stockhold- ers at the election. Your uniform, courteous, and considerate manner will long be remem- bered, and the good wishes of all will follow you for your future welfare. Mr. Houser is one of the chief promoters of the Louisiana Purchase Centennial Exposition, which will be held in St. Louis in 1903. He is a prominent Republican and for many years has been one of the ablest leaders of the party in his State. He was Chairman of the Mis- souri delegation at the Philadelphia National Republican Convention of 1900, and was elected a delegate-at-large in the Missouri conven- tion, receiving 994 votes out of a total of 1,025 delegates. fºLLLIAM R. DAY was born in Ravenna, Ohio, April 17, 1849, tº his parents being Luther and Emily (Spalding) Day. His father was a noted lawyer and for two terms a Justice of the Supreme Court. His maternal grandfather, Rufus P. Spalding, was a distinguished orator, a Justice of the Supreme Court, and a member of Congress; and his maternal great-grandfather, Zephaniah Swift, was the author of “Swift's Digest " and Chief Jus- tice of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. - * * * Judge William R. Day was educated in the public and high schools and from 1866 to 1872 attended the literary and law departments of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, serving part of the time as librarian of the law library. He was graduated and admitted to HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 311 the bar in 1872, and at once entered upon the practice of his profes- Sion in Canton, Ohio, in association with William A. Lynch, which firm later included Austin Lynch and David R. Day. At the bar Judge Day soon acquired a high standing and acknowl- edged leadership. He also became active in Ohio politics, as a Re- publican, and in 1886 was elected by both parties to the bench of the Court of Common Pleas, where he displayed great judicial ability. Shortly afterward, however, he resigned to return to general practice. In 1889 President Harrison appointed him Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, but failing health compelled him to decline the honor. In 1897 he was appointed by President McKinley Secretary of State, in which position he served with consummate ability until his appointment, in 1898, as President of the peace commission to negotiate the treaty with Spain, which was signed December 10, 1898. Judge Day married, in 1875, Mary E. Schaefer, daughter of Louis Schaefer, a member of the Stark County (Ohio) bar. They have four children: William L., Luther, Stephen, and Rufus. sº ARCUS ALONZO HANNA, United States Senator, was born §§/N: in New Lisbon, Columbiana County, Ohio, September 24, 1837, and is the son of Leonard and Samantha Hanna. His - father was a prominent wholesale merchant and dealer in groceries, and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was educated in the public schools of New Lisbon and Cleve. land, Ohio, whither the family removed in 1852, and early started out as clerk in his father's establishment (Hanna, Garretson & Co.). His father died in 1862 and he represented the latter's interest in the firm until 1867, when the business was closed up. He then became a mem- ber of the firm of Rhodes & Co., engaged in the iron and coal business. Ten years later this firm was changed to M. A. Hanna & Co., which still exists. Mr. PIanna has also been prominently identified with the lake carrying business, being interested in vessels on the Great Takes and in the construction of such vessels. He is President of the Union National Bank of Cleveland and of the Cleveland City Rajlway Company, was President of the Chapin Iron Company, and was a Di- rector of the Union Pacific Railway Company in 1885, by appointment of President Cleveland. Politically Mr. Hanna is an active Republican, and for several years 312 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. has been one of the party’s ablest leaders. He has achieved a Na- tional reputation as manager of the Republican presidential cam- paigns which resulted in the election (1896) and reelection (1900) of William McKinley as President of the United States. He was a dele- gate to the National conventions of 1884, 1888, 1896, and in the latter year was elected Chairman of the Republican National Committee. He was appointed to the United States Senate by Governor Bushnell, March 5, 1897, to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of Hon. John Sherman, who resigned to enter President McKinley’s Cabinet as Secretary of State. Mr. Hanna took his seat in the Senate March 5, 1897, and in January, 1898, was elected for the short term ending March 4, 1899. He was also elected for the succeeding full term, which will end March 4, 1905. In September, 1864, he married Charlotte Augusta Rhodes, and has three children: Daniel R., Mabel, and Ruth. zººl ARPER SAMUEL CUNNINGHAM, of Oklahoma, was born *Sºl in Fraziersburg, Muskingum County, Ohio, October 31, 1846. His parents were William Patterson and Sarah (Kilpatrick) Cunningham. On his father's side he descends from the Cunningham family of Ayrshire, Scotland. His first paternal ancestor in this country was George Cunningham, who came over with the early settlers of Maryland, and finally made his home in Virginia, whence branches of the family removed to various parts of the United States. His ancestors on his mother’s side came from the North of Ireland. He received a common school education, being deprived of the ad- vantages of a college training by his service in the army during the War of the Rebellion. He enlisted as a private in Company G, Four- teenth Iowa Infantry, in 1863. After returning from the war he lived for some years in Tama County, Ia. In 1865 and 1866 he was a clerk in the office of the Register of Deeds of that county, and in 1867 and 1868 served as clerk of the Probate Court. He then removed to Kan- sas, and for the next four years was engaged in the railroad business. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and engaged in the practice of his profession, in which he soon gained success and reputation. From November 4, 1874, to December 31, 1876, he held the position of Probate Judge of Salina County, Kan., and from January 1, 1881, to December 31, 1882, he served as County Attorney of the same coun- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 313 ty. A marked feature of his record in the latter office was the pecul- iar responsibility which devolved upon him in connection with the introduction of the experiment of the Prohibitory liquor law. From March, 1883, to August, 1887, he was Receiver of the United States Land Office at Salina, Kan. Removing from Kansas to Oklahoma, he entered upon the private practice of his profession in the new Terri- tory, at once taking a recognized position as one of the foremost mem- bers of the bar. He was appointed to the office of Attorney-General of Oklahoma on the 27th of May, 1897, and reappointed in 1898. Mr. Cunningham occupies a position of much prominence as a Re- publican leader and citizen of Oklahoma. He resides in Guthrie. He is a member of the Guthrie Club, an active member of the Supreme Council, A. and A. Scottish Rite Masons, Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, a member of the Order of Elks, and has been Grand Commander of the Knights Templars for Oklahoma. He was married, November 7, 1867, to Evalina Clara Herrick, of Toledo, Ohio. Their children are: Charles Arthur, Harper James, and Pvalina Clara. ś ONATHAN CLAYTON FORMAN, a prominent Republican §§§ of Cleveland, Ohio, and President of the Forman-Basset- Hatch Company, printers, lithographers, blank book manu- . . s. *-*T*.*.*.*.*, * facturers, and stationers, was born in Gorham, Ontario County, N. Y., September 11, 1830. His paternal ancestor, John For- man, came to the Colony of New Jersey about 1685, from England, where he was born. He settled in Monmouth, Monmouth County, and was very prominent in shaping the events which formed the interest- ing record of that period. Among his descendants was General David Forman, of military fame, and another of his descendants in the fifth generation is Jonathan Clayton Forman, the subject of this sketch. Samuel W. Forman, the father of J. C. Forman, was born in New Jer- sey in 1794, and removed with his family in 1831 to the southern part of Ashtabula County, Ohio, where he secured a tract of woodland. His experience was that of a pioneer settler, who endured all the hardships and trials incident to frontier life. He remained on the farm upon which he originally settled for nine years, removing in 1839 with his family to Warren, Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his days. He died in 1875, at the age of eighty-one. He was a man of great strength of character, possessed of many excellent traits, and throughout the community was honored and respected as a citizen, 314. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Jonathan C. Forman was only one year old when his parents moved to Ohio, and there amid the wild scenes of the frontier he was reared and educated. He aided in the arduous task of developing the wood- land farm, and acquired a constitution which has served him well in business life. After the removal of the family to Warren he attended the public schools until he was thirteen, when he became a “roller boy '' in the office of the Western Reserve Cluronicle, the oldest paper in the Reserve. Afterward he was apprenticed to Tait & Walling, pub- lishers of the Liberty IIerald at Warren, and served in that capacity one year, when a fire destroyed their office and the business portion of the town. The Liberty Herald was then removed to Cleveland by the leaders of the Anti-Slavery movement, and was consolidated with the True American. The business did not prove profitable, however, and Mr. Forman sought employment elsewhere, securing a position with Sanford & Hayward, then the leading printers and bookbinders in Cleveland. When he completed his apprenticeship of four years he was given charge of the bookbinding department, and in 1867 was admitted to partnership in the business. In 1876 the establishment was purchased by Short & Forman. It was destroyed by fire in No- vember, 1890, and the business was then re-organized, a stock com- pany being formed under the name of the Forman-Basset-Hatch Com- pany, with J. C. Forman as President, C. O. Bassett as Secretary and Treasurer, and C. D. Hatch as Vice-President. Mr. Bassett had been associated with the firm of Short & Forman for twenty years. When Mr. Forman first moved to Cleveland the city contained Only about 18,000 inhabitants, and the business of printing was conducted on a very small scale. At that time five papers were published in the city, all of them emanating from the old Merchants Exchange, now the Leader building, and but one Adams power press was then in use: Mr. Forman has been actively and successfully identified with the growth and prosperity of the printing business in Cleveland and Ohio for half a century, and thoroughly understands every detail connected with the Work. e When a young man Mr. Forman identified himself with the Whig party, and when that party was merged into the Republican party he became and has ever since continued a strong, ardent, and consistent Republican. He has repeatedly declined nominations for office, but is widely known as a very effective worker for party principles, and in a quiet way has rendered important service to the party and the com- munity. He has devoted himself to his large business interests in preference to seeking political honors. He is an honored member of HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 315 the Tippecanoe and Union Clubs of Cleveland, and active in promot- ing every worthy object. In June, 1853, Mr. Forman married Miss Elizabeth Darroch, of Cleveland, Ohio, who died in 1896. He has had two sons, Samuel W., who died in 1893, for more than eight years previously being employed in the money registry department of the Cleveland postoffice, and William H., who died infancy. sº ARREN G. HARDING, editor of the Marion (Ohio) Daily lºl and Weekly Star, was born in Morrow County, in that State, in 1865, his father being Dr. G. T. Harding, a veteran of the Civil War, and his grandfather, Charles A. Harding, one of the leaders of the Republican party from 1856 until his death in 1878. The family moved to Ohio from Pennsylvania. Mr. Harding was educated in Morrow County and at the old Cen- tral Ohio College in Iberia, and in 1884 became, with F. M. Warwick and J. O. Sickle, proprietor of the Marion Star, under the firm name of the Star Publishing Company. The Star was established by Samuel Hume in 1877, being one of the first dailies in the smaller Cities of the State. Mr. Harding soon became sole owner, and under his energetic and efficient management has made it a power in Re- publican circles as well as a splendid newspaper. In politics Mr. Harding has always been a Republican. He has frequently been a delegate to conventions, and both personally and through his newspaper has contributed valuable services to the cause of Republicanism. rºls AAC M. MASON, prominent in Saint Louis both as a busi- ºfºl ness man and public official, was born March 4, 1831, in Brownsville, Pa., his parents being Morgan and Pamelia - (Stevenson) Mason. His immigrant ancestors in both the paternal and maternal lines arrived in this country from England in 1700. His ancestors in the maternal line belonged to the Society of Friends, and the earliest representatives of his mother's family in America settled in Maryland in the last year of the seventeenth cen- tury. The same year the progenitor of the Mason family settled in the Old Dominion, and, being a learned man, became noted as an edu- 316 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. cator in the colony of Virginia. Both the Mason and Stevenson fam- ilies were esteemed by their fellow-colonists, and left their impress upon the history of their time. John Stevenson, the great-grand- father of Isaac M. Mason, was a Revolutionary Soldier, Who enlisted August 13, 1776, as a private in Captain James Watson's company of Colonel Thomas Porter's battalion of Pennsylvania troops. When his term of service in this company expired he again enlisted, in 1780, in Captain James Murray's company of Colonel Robert Elder's bat- talion of Pennsylvania troops. In 1790 Asa Stevenson, the maternal grandfather of Isaac M. Mason, emigrated to Western Pennsylvania and settled in Green County. In 1800 Mr. Mason's paternal grand- father, Robert Mason, emigrated from Winchester, Va., and settled in Washington County, Pa., and at a later date the two families were united by the marriage of Mr. Mason’s father and mother. Mr. Mason spent his childhood and early youth in the town in which he was born, and there received a fair English education in the public Schools and at Reed’s Academy. When but little more than four- teen years of age he was thrown upon his own resources. He entered active life as a clerk for Zephaniah Carter, a merchant and paper manufacturer, of Brownsville, and was employed in this capacity for about a year. He then obtained his father's consent to engage as sec- ond clerk on a river steamer, an occupation which had always had a charm for him. He was SOOn promoted to first clerk of the Steamer “Atlantic,” and in July, 1850, when only nineteen years of age, he became Captain of the steamer “Summit.” From that time until 1865 he was continuously connected with steamboats as clerk and cap- tain, the last steamer which he commanded having been the famous steamer “Hawkeye State,” which made the run from St. Louis to St. Paul in three days, six hours, and twenty minutes, a distance of eight hundred miles. In 1866 Mr. Mason was appointed general freight agent of the Northern Line, which position he held for eleven years. - In the autumn of 1876 he was elected County Marshal, and in April, 1877, was elected City Marshal. He was elected Sheriff of St. Louis in 1880 and was reelected in 1882. Upon the expiration of his sec- ond term as Sheriff, in 1884, he was appointed General Superintendent of the St. Louis and New Orleans Anchor Line, and in 1887 was elected President of the corporation owning that line, a position which he retained until 1898. In that year he was made President of the Mercantile Trust Company. His connection with the business inter- ests of St. Louis have extended over a period of many years, and for HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 317 thirty-two years he has been an active member of the Merchants' Ex- change, which he served as President during 1892. - He has been an ardent supporter and champion of the principle of the Republican party since it came into existence, and has been chosen by his fellow-citizens to occupy numerous positions of trust and responsibility. In all his varied relations to the public he gained the highest respect and fullest confidence of the people of St. Louis. In 1897 he was elected City Solicitor on the Republican ticket, receiv- ing the largest majority of any official chosen at that election, a fact which attested his popularity as a man and the extent of public con- fidence in his ability and integrity. He is a churchman of the Episco- pal faith and senior warden of the vestry of the Church of the Re- deemer. For over thirty years he has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Bethel Mission, and has always been active in re- ligious and charitable work. Mr. Mason is one of the representative citizens of St. Louis, who has reached the high station Which he now occupies among his con- temporaries entirely through his own efforts, and whose success in life has been the result of his firmness of purpose, his rigid integrity, and his exact rectitude in all his dealings with men, whether as a private individual or a servant of the public. He began his career without capital. He sought and won the confidence of those with whom he was brought into contact. He became a member of the Order of Odd Fellows in 1853 and a Master Mason in 1854. Since then he has taken all the higher degrees of Masonry up to and including the thirty-sec- ond degree. He is also a member of the Legion of Honor, of the Order of United Workmen, and of the Knights of Honor. Mr. Mason married, November 16, 1852, Miss Mary Tiernan, a na- tive of Brownsville, Pa. Six children have been born of their mar- riage: Morgan M., Charles P., William H., George M., Frank I., and Mary Pauline. Mrs. Mason's grandparents settled in Brownsville, Pa., in 1780, and her father, Martin Tiernan, was born in Browsville in 1802. Her mother, Margaret Taylor, was born in England in 1806, and came with her parents to Brownsville in 1812. º: OHN WILLOCK NOBLE, of Saint Louis, Mo., was born at : #| Lancaster, Ohio, October 26, 1831. His father, Colonel John Noble, born in Lancaster County, Pa., was a man of much distinction in Ohio, having had a military training and being of a most gallant and energetic character. The mother was 318 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Catharine McDill, born on Antietam Creek, Md., near Hagerstown, and married at Lancaster, Ohio. Mr. Noble received his education in the common schools at Cincin- nati and afterward at Miami (Ohio). University and Yale College. He left Miami at the end of the junior year, and entered Yale at the be- ginning of the junior year, and was graduated from the latter in the class of 1851, with honor. He early displayed a talent for speaking and composition, took a class prize at Yale the first year he was there, and was elected by his class one of the editors of the Yale Literary Magazine. Returning home, he studied law. in the office of Henry Stanberry, afterward Attorney-General of the United States, and of his brother, Henry C. Noble, at Columbus, Ohio, who was one of the prominent lawyers Of that State. He was admitted to the bar there in 1853 and afterward removed to Saint Louis, Mo., where he was ad- mitted in 1855, But because of the existence of negro slavery, and finding his social relations unpleasant and business dull, he removed to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1856, and there soon formed a co-partnership with Ralph P. Lowe, afterward Governor of that State. I'rom the time he arrived in Keokuk he had about all the law business he could do, and lais practice Since has embraced cases of almost every variety and has, been highly remunerative. In Iowa he was at the same bar with Sam- uel F. Miller, afterward Justice of the United States Supreme Court; George W. McCrary, Secretary of War; and John F. Dillon, Judge of the United States Circuit Court; and he had at the age of thirty an excellent standing in all the State and Federal courts, and was busily engaged when the War for the Union came on. He at once abandoned his own professional and personal interests and joined with those who were determined to Sustain the United States Government and de- fend, the flag. The first engagement he was in was the battle of Athens, Mo. The rebels were approaching that place under Martin Green (a brother of James Green, United States Senator) with intent to invade Iowa, at the town of Croton, across the Des Moines River . from Athens. Noble, although not yet enlisted, with a number of citizens from Keokuk, hurried to the front and joined the Union forces under Colonel David Moore, and was in the battle. The enemy was driven off with considerable loss. He then enlisted in the Third Iowa Cavalry, and was made First Lieutenant of Company C. Being soon appointed regimental Adjutant, he devoted his study and labor to the duties of his place; and to the earnest and intelligent discharge of this duty the regiment owed very much of the soldierly appearance and efficiency in the field it exhibited throughout the war. He rose HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 319. step by step from First Lieutenant to Colonel, and was brevetted Brigadier General “for distinguished and meritorious services in the field.” The “Records of the Rebellion ” contain many reports from his pen of the battles and expeditions in which his regiment while. under his command was engaged, and always with merit and honor. He was in the battle of Pea Ridge, which lasted three days. After- ward he was at the siege and fall of Vicksburg and the second battle at Jackson. The regiment, having re-enlisted and become a veteran, regiment, was under his command in a number of engagements against Forrest in Tennessee and Mississippi. He was also in the great cavalry campaign under General James H. Wilson through Alabama and Georgia, the regiment doing excellena service and re- ceiving great praise at the battles of Montevallo, Ebenezer Church, and Selma. At Ebenezer Church the Third Iowa Cavalry and Colonel Noble took their revenge on Forrest, by not only breaking and captur- ing his line, but chasing the rebel chief in hot haste quite into Selma, where Forrest surrendered his troops and munitions next day, but himself fled on down the river in a canoe. He was at the head of his. regiment in the night attack made by General Wilson on the works at Columbus, Ga., where after severe fighting the rebel force was cap- tured and Columbus occupied. For its services in this battle and be- cause of its excellent discipline Colonel Noble and his regiment were put in command of the city during the stay of our troops there. He had many hairbreadth escapes during the war, the most noted being at Montevallo, where, when charging at the head of his regiment, a rifle ball struck him on the plate of his sabre belt with great force. Colonel Noble was greatly beloved by his command, and he has at all times reciprocated their strong attachment. . Besides those in the war records there is an excellent history of the regiment in Ingersoll's “Iowa in the Rebellion.” He was almost continuously with his regi- ment, but he served for a while under General Samuel R. Curtis, first as Judge Advocate General of the Army of the Southwest and after- ward as Judge Advocate of the Department of the Missouri. In this position he had to deal with many questions relating to guerrilla war- fare, military commissions, and courts martial. The war over, he returned to Iowa, but soon removed to Saint Louis, Mo. He now had a wife and child, having married Lizabeth Halsted at Northampton, Mass. Henry Stanberry, then Attorney-General of the United States, needed a District Attorney at Saint Louis, and had General Noble appointed to that place in 1867. The influences of the war were yet felt in that quarter, and there were many and serious 320 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. infractions of the United States Statutes by counterfeiters and fraud- ulent manufacturers and dealers in alcoholic spirits and tobacco evad- ing the internal revenue taxes. For three years he was a most ener- getic and successful prosecutor of these offenders, and fairly broke up the unlawful combinations that had before flourished. He not only proved himself capable of preparing his cases with legal accuracy, but Was acknowledged to be an unusually eloquent advocate before the jury or court. His services in this position were gracefully acknowl- edged by General Grant, then President, who thanked him before his Cabinet “for the faithful manner in which he had performed the duties of his office.” Commissioner of Internal Reyenue Rollins declared that three officers saved the internal revenue system of that time from a breakdown and failure. They were the United States district attorneys at New York, Louisville, and Saint Louis: Tracy, Bristow, and Noble. The President afterward, also, tendered General Noble the place of Solicitor General, but he requested permission to keep at his regular practice, where he was again meeting with success, and so declined the honor. From 1870 to 1888 he pursued his profession at Saint Louis with great success, increasing his reputation as a law- yer and improving his fortune decidedly. Among his professional triumphs during this period may be men- tioned that at Santa Fé, N. M., in the case of Huntington v. Moore & Mitchell, involving $300,000, and won in the United States Supreme Court; the Little Pittsburg Mining case, at Denver, Col., tried before Justice Miller on circuit; in Saint Louis, the case of Meyer & Co. v. The Saint Louis Fire Insurance Co., for loss of cotton at Jersey City, N. J., amounting to about $100,000; the National Bank of Commerce of New York v. The National Bank of the State of Missouri, in which the ver- dict obtained for the plaintiff before a jury of the United States Cir- cuit Court at Saint Louis was over $434,000; the Granby Mining Co. v. Saint Louis and San Francisco Railroad Co., an injunction against the railroad company, compelling the restoration of zinc mines of great value that had been seized by the railroad company; the City of Saint Louis v. The Saint Louis Gas Light Co., a suit in equity, involving prop- erty of the company worth $3,000,000, and $1,000,000 in money, in which the company’s case was completely won in the State Supreme Court after two adverse decisions below; and another case between the same parties in which there was collected $1,000,000 cash from the city. General Noble was also for a time one of the attorneys for Gib- son in Gibson v. Chouteau, a case that went five times through the Su- preme Court of Missouri, three times through the United States Su- preme Court, and was twice decided by the Secretary of the Interior. HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 321 He also brought to a successful conclusion for his clients (the Saint Louis Beef Canning Company) its litigation with Libby, McNeil & Libby relating to the patents for preserving canned meats, which reached the United States Supreme Court. The records of the United States Supreme Court and of the State Supreme Court indicate that General Noble was not only an able ad- vocate before the jury, but was capable of holding in the upper tri- bunals his verdicts obtained in the lower courts. His ability as an attorney and his marked individuality as a public spirited citizen gave him a National reputation, and in 1889 President Harrison appointed him Secretary of the Interior, a position for which his successful ex- perience as a lawyer and his marked executive abilities especially fitted him. His administration of the responsible duties of this office was characterized by decision of character and a comprehensive tnowledge of public affairs. He superintended the opening of Okla- homa Territory and its settlement with so much regard for the wel- fare of the people that his name there is greatly respected. He gave earnest attention to the rights of settlers under the homestead laws, and brought the land office affairs, which had fallen almost hopelessly behind, up to current business. He defended the Eleventh Census, that was taken under his supervision, from the many hostile attacks made upon it, during its progress, until it is acknowledged now to be one of the most accurate and valuable ever taken. Many Indian reser- vations were negotiated for and purchased by commissions immedi- ately under his care, and are now occupied by white men. The pen- sion laws were administered with fidelity and a great regard for the claims of the old soldiers. And he was instrumental by his advocacy and constant care in having great bodies of mountain and forest lands reserved, in order to preserve the sources of our streams from being impaired, and to secure for the irrigation of the arid regions a suffi- cient supply of water in the future. In his last message President Harrison paid a very marked tribute to the capacity and fidelity of the Secretary of the Interior, which has been generally acknowledged to be well deserved. In no period of its history has the business of that. department been larger or better administered. It is thus seen that General Noble has given, out of years of busi- ness life, eleven to the service of the United States, four in the army, three as District Attorney of the Eastern District of Missouri, and four as Secretary of the Interior. Since 1893 General Noble has been again pursuing the practice of his profession at Saint Louis, and has already reestablished himself at the bar, where he has been well known for so many years. INDEX. PAGE. Aldrich, Charles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Allison, William Boyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Anderson, Thomas Thornton. . . . . . . . . 250 Amundsen, Brynild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Bachman, Edsil Walton, M.D. . . . . . . . 119 Baldwin, John Nehemiah . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Barnet, James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Barrett, Richard C., M.A. . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Beacom, James S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Bealer, Elmer J. C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Beardshear, William M., M.A., LL.D. 274 Beck with, Warren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Berry, W. H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Berryhill, James Guest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Boyd, William R. . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Bracken, James L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Brant, David. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Brenton, James Millard . . . . . . . . 247 Brooks, John T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Brown, Edward Clarence . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Buchanan, John. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 161 Buck, Asaph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' s a e s a 128 Burford, John Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Bushnell, Asa Smith. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Byers, Howard Webster. . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Byers, Melvin H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Carney, James Loring . . . . . . . . . . 71 Carr, George H. . . . . . . . . . . 87 Cheney, Alpheus Hibbard . . . . . . . . 67 Cheshire, Thomas Abbott. . . . . . 292 Christian, George Melville. . . . . . . . . . . 248 Clark, Charles A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Clarke, Andrew D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Clarkson, James Sullivan. . . . . . . . . . . 256 Classen, J. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Conaway, Freeman Richard . . . . . . . . . . 234 Conerd, Jacob A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Conger, Edwin H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Conner, James Perry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 PAGE, Cornwall, Wendell Williams. . . . . . . . . 66 Courtright, Orlando Billings. . . . . . . . . 174 Cousins, Robert G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Cowles, Gardner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Cummins, Albert Baird. . . . . . . . 153 Cunningham, Harper Samuel. . . . . . . . . 312 Cunningham, James. Andrew . . . . . . 133 Curtis, George Martin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Curtiss, Charles Franklin. . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Dashiell, Mark Anthony, M.D. . . . . . . 91 Davis, Francis Marion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Davis, James Cox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54. Dawson, Edward A. . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Day, William R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Dillon, John Forrest. . . . s º a dº e º g 273 Dodge, Grenville Mellen. . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Dolliver, Jonathan Prentiss. . . . . . . . . . . 266 Donnan, William G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Dowell, Evan Barnett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Dows, Stephen Leland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Dows, William Greene . . . 227 Drake, Francis Marion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Dungan, Warren Scott. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Dyer, William Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Eaton, Willard Lee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Ellison, Frederick Oscar. . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 English, Emory H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Ericson, Charles John Alfred, LL.D. . . 252 Estabrook, George R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Evans, Hiram Kinsman. ... . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Fee, Thomas Milton. . . . . . . . . . . 57 Fleischmann, Julius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Follett, William Almeron. . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Foraker, Joseph Benson. . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Forman, Jonathan Clayton. . . . . . 313 Foster, Sidney A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Freeman, William Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Funk, Abraham Benjamin. . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Funk, James Hutchinson. . . . . . . 162 INDEX. Gale, Absalom H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gear, John Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Giesler, James L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gilbertson, Gilbert S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gillilland, Shirley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glasser, Daniel C. . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * Graff, Valentine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grimes, James W., LL.D. . . . . . . . . . Grisell, Alexander Hartwell. . . . . . . . Grosvenor, Charles Henry. . . . . . . . . . Gue, Benjamin F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hanna, Marcus Alonzo. . . . . . . . . . . . Harding, Warren G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harlan, James. . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * Harvey, John W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haugen, Gilbert N. . . . . . . . . . . s > * * * - Hayes, Ralph W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haynes, Eugene Cassitt. . . . . . . . . . . . Head, Mahlon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hedge, Thomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Henderson, David Bremmer, LL.D. . . . Henderson, John Hancock. . . . . . . . . . Henderson, Paris Perrin. . . . . . . . . . . Hepburn, William Peters. . . . . . . . . . Hoffmann, Charles Valentine . . . . . . . . . Hogue, Ernest Lincoln. . . . . . . . . . . . . Houser, Daniel M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hubbard, Elbert H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hubbard, Nathaniel Mead . . . . . . . . . Huff, Henry Lewis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hull, John Albert Tiffin, . . . . . . . . . Hungerford, John Boyd . . . . Hunter, William A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hutchison, Joseph G . Ingham, Harvey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jamison, James Harvey. . . . . . . . . . . . Johnson, James W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jones, Joseph Wesley. . . . . . . . . . . . - Jones, Louis Butler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jones, Newell Norman. . . . . . . . . . - Junkin, Charles Monroe . . . . . . . . . . . Kemble, John M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kendall, N. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kerens, Richard C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kernan, Samuel Brotherton. . . . . . . . PAGE. 202 281 125 37 244 254 230 178 199 298 260 311 315 181 45 263 162 101 21 180 12 83 82 264 131 199 308 198 29 165 275 , 109 41 33 45 89 80 305 46 . . 127 123 189 231 297 290 Kirkwood, Samuel Jordan. . . . . . . . . . Koto, Paul O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kuehnle, Carl F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lacey, John Fletcher. . . . . . . . . . . . . Lane, Joe R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Larrabee, William. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leavitt, John Hooker. . . . . . . . . . . . Le Compte, Charles Francis. . . . . . . . Lee, Alfred Wilson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lewis, Lester Warren . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lincoln, George Allen. . . . . . . . . . . . . Lischer, Julius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Livingston, Lloyd Lee. . . . . . . • - - - Locke, Robinson. . . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * Logan, William . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * Lothrop, John Stillman. . . . . . . . . . . . Lyman, Jacob Pierce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maclean, Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maple, Laban Fillmore . . . . . . . . . . . . Martin, William Birney . . . . . . . . . Marvin, Ulysses Leslie, LL.D. . . . . Mason, Isaac M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . McAllister, Charles, M.D. . . . . . . . . . McArthur, William Corse. . . . . . . . . . McMillan, Horace G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . McNider, Charles Henry. . . . . . . . . . . McNutt, Samuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . McVey, Alfred Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . . Merriam, Frank Finley. . . . . . . . . . . . Merrill, Samuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meservey, Stillman Taylor . . . . . . . . . Metzger, George. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miller, James Winfield. . . . . . . . . . . . Miller, Jesse A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miller, Samuel Freeman. . . . . . . . . . . Milliman, James Cutler. . . . . . . . . . . . Milner, Tom. H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnis, James Louis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Morling, Edgar Alfred. . . . . . . . . . . . Mullan, Charles Washington. . . . . . . . Needham, William Harrison. . . . . . . . Norris, Davis W., Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Norris, William Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE. 177 150 129 259 271 27 59. 68 105 243 228 125 70. 306 60. 44 97 42 246 . 195 . . 283 315 151 107 211 47 35 214 158. 185 213 56 84 69 251 159 72 304 116 235 132 207 317 170 55 INDEX, ; PAGE, Overholt, Henry D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Palmer, David J... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104. Parker, Leonard Fletcher. . . . . . . . . , 75 Parrott, Matt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Patterson, John W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Penrose, Emlen G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Perkins, George Douglas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 134. Phelps, Julian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Phillips, Charles William . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Pickett, Charles Edgar . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Pierce, Franklin Gilman . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Porter, Asbury B, , , , , , , , , , , . . . . . . . . 88 Porterfield, Frank William, M.D. . . . . . 138 Potter, Levi Franklin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Pratt, Edward G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Price, Raymond Michener. . . . . . . . . . . . 94. Price, Richard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Rann, Howard Lucien. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Raymond, Levi Beardsley. . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Reed, Joseph Rea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Remley, Milton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Reynolds, Orrin A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Roach, Edwin Clay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Roach, William Leroº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Roberts, George E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Rominger, Ellsworth. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 232 Root, Joseph Lincoln. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Rothrock, James H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I75 Rumple, John Nicholas William . . . . . . 277 Saint, John Quincy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Sammis, James Uriah. . . . . . . . . . . 73 Sapp, William Fletcher. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sapp, William Fletcher, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . 20 Sargeant, Elbert Marion . . . . . . . . . . ... 102 Saunders, Charles George, LL.D. . . . . . 112 Secor, Eugene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Shaw, Leslie Mortier, LL.D. . . . . . . . . . 209 Simmons, Francis W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Simpson, John Clarence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Smith, Charles Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 Smith, Jesse Hitchcock, M.D. . . . . . . . . 92 Smith, Samuel Francis. . . . . . . . . . . Smith, Walter I. . . . . . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Sperry, Emery Franklin . . . . . . . . . . . . Springer, Francis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stevens, John Loomis, , , , , , , , , , , , . . . Stewart, George Bourdillon . . . . . . . . . . Stone, John Y Taft, Alphonso, LL.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taft, Charles P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taft, William H. . . . . . * s s is º a sº a º is 9 & Talmadge, Charles Henry. . . . . . . . . . . . Temple, Marcellus Luther. . . . . . . . . . . Thomas, Lot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson, Charles J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson, Francis Marion . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson, James Knox Polk. . . . Thompson, William George . . . . . . . . . . Titus, George Marion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Torbert, Willard H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 * * Towner, Horace Mann. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treichler, William Newton . . . . . . . . . . Varga, Francis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warner, William . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Way, Thomas A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weaver, Harry Otis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weeks, Elbert Wright. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wenneker, Charles F. . . . . . . . . . . e Williams, William Benton . . . . . . . . . . . Willson, Augustus Everett . . . . . . . . . . . Wilson, James. . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * Wilson, James F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wilson, Rollin J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wilson, William Hamilton. . . . . . . . . . . Wise, Charles Adolph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Withoft, Frederick G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woods, Frank P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wright, George Franklin . . . . . . . * , Young, Lafayette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ///ree y%3%eezv/*7”/ # , ** 8 Yº *** • A* * * as: 4× ...tº : Jºe \ A. # tº Yū ----…?--.?\，,** s£: ' + «（. ）, šº „“）.$3<<Ķ ■**ºš „Y， <3！，<%<ížx *****º ț¢%, *; Žºf Mic «*ș*# {{！.-",*.: w -！”e”, ----（<）.ș * * *<~ ., º.º., º aeº （?） .§. ; ae ºn **）…---*） ***~--~*_*, *） \\ | 2563 ¿ Zºº Ź.”§§�{@ *. 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