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| THE REPORT OF THE
| DISTRIBUTION DIVISION
1918-1919
| - PART I .
THE DISTRIBUTION OF COAL
R AND COKE |
t By C. E. LESHER
- WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1919 w
| UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION
H. A. Garfield, Fuel Administrator . . . .
DISTRIBUTION Division
~ - J. D. A. Morrow, General Director -
* .
•:
!











|UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION
H. A. Garfield, Fuel Administrator
DISTRIBUTION DIVISION
J. D. A. Morrow, General Director
THE REPORT OF THE
DISTRIBUTION DIVISION
1918–1919
PART I
THE DISTRIBUTION OF COAL
AND COKE
By C. E. LESHER
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1919

# D
4.5%
Aº
|4/4
CONTENTS.
PART I.
Preface, by J. D. A. Morrow. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The problem
Requirements for coal in 1918
Industrial requirements
Domestic requirements
Other requirements
Budget changes
Distribution of the budget to producing fields
sº e º sº a sº e º sº se m = * is ºr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s sº sº as as as sº as as as a e ºs s sº e º me a sm e º ºs e º gº sº sº º ºs sº sº dº e º me sº sº º ºr * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
sº tº sº tº sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * *s º a se s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * = gº sº tº e º 'º fº = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sº e º sº e s is as as ºn e º gº º e º sº s = * * * = º ºs e º 'º e º sº sº sº, sº º ºs e º 'º º ºs º ºs º ºs º is sº
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Ability to meet requirements.----------... • - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tèeserves
Productive capacity of developed mines
The supply of labor
Transportation
The distribution division
Organization
Policy and program
Work of the bureaus and sections
gº tº ſº tº e º sº sº s º ºs e º ºs ºs º is s = e º 'º º ºs s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = s is a sm e º me s is sº º ºs s as sº sº sº as sº * * = me = * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = as s as s m = e s = e s sº sº sº sº, e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * ºn e s = sº tº ſº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g º ºs = sº es as as a s sº a sº sº a s is as ºn s as s sº as sº s & sº e s as sº s = * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s as sº tº as e º ºs m. a. s. sº, º sº, sº sº º sº as as sº m ºr sº as sº s = * sº sº e º s is a s = m sº me sº a º ºs e º sº º sº, sº e º ºs a
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s ºr e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * sº as ºr sº sa e s = s. s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * sº se sº * sº s m sº º sº º is
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * = * ~ * = • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Bureau of bituminous coal and coke
General discussion
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = as sº me as as a s = * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * ~ * = • * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * = a, as * * * * * * * * * * * * = as ºr sº e s m ºr se as ºn m sº se º ºs
Tidewater section-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lake and Canadian section
Coke section---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas and by-product coal section
Inspection section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
Smithing-coal section------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Government buildings section
District representatives----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bureau of State distribution
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = as ºr a sº as as s as a s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
• * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * = a, a e º us ºn s = es s an a s. s. s. sº am as
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = s. sº a se a tº sm ºn
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = a - m a. s. sº w = * * * = e s = • * = a, sº as e s - e s a s = •
Page.
7
9
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14
T’LATE I.
II.
III.
IV.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
IXIII.
XIV.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PART I. Aº.
Opposite page.
Map of the United States, showing by counties in each State the average consumption, per square mile, of bituminous coal,
by all manufacturing and industrial plants, by-product coke ovens, beehive coke ovens, and public utilities, in 1918. .
Map of the United States, showing by counties in each State the average consumption per capita of bituminous coal used for
domestic purposes, in 1918---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the number of eastbound carloads above normal on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, east of Parkersburg,
W. Va., and Pittsburgh, Pa., as reported by the United States Railroad Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram showing the number of eastbound carloads above normal on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, west of Parkersburg,
W. Va., and Pittsburgh, Pa., as reported by the United States Railroad Administration
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
. Diagram showing the approximate number of carloads of bituminous coal delayed on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad
for movement through Cincinnati, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to Feb-
ruary, 1919-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal above normal in the Cincinnati yards for movement north,
as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to February, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal above normal in the Columbus yards for movement north,
as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to February, 1919.-------------------------
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal forwarded north, by days, through Cincinnati, as reported
by the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to February, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal forwarded north, by days, through Columbus, as reported by
the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to February, 1919------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Diagram showing the approximate number of carloads of bituminous coal delayed on the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad
for movement through Cincinnati, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to February,
Diagram showing the approximate number of carloads of bituminous coal delayed on the Norfolk & Western Railroad for
movement through Columbus, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918, to February,
Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal west of Salamanca, N. Y., on the Erie Railroad for eastern
destinations, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, from January, 1918, to February, 1919.- . . . . . .
Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal, east of Salamanca, N. Y., on the Erie Railroad for eastern
destinations, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, from January, 1918, to February, 1919.- . . . . . .
Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal, east of Buffalo, N. Y., on the New York Central Railroad
for eastbound destinations, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, from January, 1918, to February,
* * * * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
XV. Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal, west of Buffalo, N. Y., on the New York Central Railroad
XVI.
YVII.
DXVIII.
YIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
for eastbound destinations, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, from January, 1918, to February,
Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal west of Pittsburgh, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad for
eastbound destinations, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, from January, 1918, to February, 1919.
Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal, east of Pittsburgh, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad for
eastbound destinations, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, from January, 1918, to February, 1919.
Organization diagram of the distribution division--------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the gross tonnage of vessels at dock and in stream at the port of Hampton Roads, requiring coal bunkers
and in part, coal cargoes, and the number of carloads of bituminous coal on hand at the piers, as reported by the Tide-
water Coal Exchange, January, 1918, to February, 1919---------......................... --------------------------
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of
Baltimore, by days, January, 1918, to April, 1919.-----------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of
New York, by days, January, 1918, to April, 1919.----------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of
Hampton Roads, by days, January, 1918, to April, 1919.------------...................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of
Philadelphia, by days, January, 1918, to April, 1919
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
FIG, 1. Diagram showing the relation to production of estimated annual capacity of bituminous coal mines in the United States,
1906–1918
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2. Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of all bituminous coal mines in the United States, and percentages of losses of
running time, by causes and by weeks, from October 6, 1917, to March 29, 1919.- .......
tº sº Jº º º ſº º ºs tº
3. Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal minesincentral Pennsylvania, and percentages of losses of running time,
by causes and by weeks, in 1918
we & & tº º ºs º gº tº e e º sº º sº a º ºs º ºs º ºs º ºs º ºs º ºs º º º sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * * * * * * * * =
12
14
24
24
24
24
26
28
28
30
30
30
32
60
60
62
62
62
I’age.
19
21
ILLUSTRATIONS.
10.
ll.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
38.
& Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in northwestern Pennsylvania, and percentages of losses of run-
ning time, by causes and by Weeks, in 1918------------------------------------------------------------------------
. Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the Pittsburgh district, Pennsylvania, and percentage of losses
of running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the Somerset, Pa., and Cumberland-Piedmont, Md., districts,
and percentages of losses of running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918----------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
. iNiagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the Fairmont district, West Virginia, and percentages of losses
of running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918----------4-----------------------------------------------........
. Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the Northeastern and Hazard districts, Kentucky, and per-
centages of losses of running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918--------------------------------------------. . . . . .
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the high volatile coal fields (above) and the low volatile coal
fields (below) of Southern West Virginia-----------------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in southwestern Virginia, and percentages of losses of running
time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918--------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Alabama, and percentages of losses of running time, by causes
and by weeks, in 1918--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in western Kentucky, and percentages of losses of running time,
by causes and by Weeks, in 1918------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - -
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Indiana, and percentages of losses of running time, by causes
and by weeks, in 1918------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = * = * = * * * * * * * * * * = • = • =
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Illinois, and percentages of losses of running time, by causes
and by Weeks, in 1918. -------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas, and
percentages of losses of running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918.----------------------------..................
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast fields, and percentages
of losses of running time, by causes and by Weeks, in 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Ohio, and percentages of losses of running time, by causes and
by Weeks, in 1918-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
Production of bituminous coal, by months, 1913–1918, in net tons. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Production of bituminous coal in the United States, by weeks, from April 1, 1917, to April 5, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production of bituminous coal in 1917 and 1918, by groups of States, estimated by weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Production of bituminous coal in 1917 and 1918, in Michigan and States west of Mississippi River, estimated by weeks. . .
Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of low volatile coal at by-product coke-oven plants in the United States, by
weeks, January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919. -----------------------------------------------------------------------.
Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of high volatile coal at by-product coke-oven plants in the United States, by
weeks, January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919.-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of gas coal at iron and steel plants and mills in the United States, by weeks,
January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of steam coal at iron and steel plants and mills in the United States, by weeks,
January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of bituminous coal at industrial plants in New England, April 1, 1918, to
February 1, 1919. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagram showing, by weeks, from April 1, 1918, to April 5, 1919, the movement of bituminous coal to New England; tide-
water shipments are those reported from the ports of Baltimore, Hampton Roads, Philadelphia, and New York, and the
rail shipments are those received at the New England rail gateways destined for New England consumers............ • *
Diagram showing, by weeks, shipments of bituminous coal to New England, April 1, 1918, to April 5, 1919, as reported by th
Tidewater Coal Exchange at the ports of Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, and Norfolk combined..........
. Diagram showing accumulative, by months, from April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, shipments of bituminous coal to New
England by tide and by all-rail routes, compared with the budget established by the Fuel Administration.............
. Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of gas coal at municipal gas plants in the United States, by weeks, July 13,
1918, to February 1, 1919. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - -
. Diagram showing the delivery of coal from northern Ohio to railroads for fuel, by weeks, in 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Diagram showing the delivery of coal from Southern Ohio to railroads for fuel, by weeks, in 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Diagram showing the stocks of fuel coal in the hands of railroads at 6 months' intervals, July, 1916, to January, 1919. . . . . .
. Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of bituminous coal by railroads, by months, June to December, 1918. . . . . . . .
. Diagram showing the relative increase of railroad fuel consumption and production of bituminous coal in the United States,
1915 to 1918, with the figures for 1915 as a base and equal to 100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagram showing, by weeks, from April 1, 1918, to April 5, 1919, quantities of bituminous coal dumped at tidewater piers
ports of Baltimore, Norfolk, New York, and Philadelphia, combined, and the total for all four ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at Hampton Roads, by weeks, in the coal year, April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919..
Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at New York, by weeks, in the coal year, April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919. . . . . .
Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at Baltimore, by weeks, in the coal year, April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919. . . . . .
Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at Philadelphia, by weeks, in the coal year, April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919. . . . .
Diagram of shipments of bituminous coal to lower Lake ports, exclusive of vessel fuel, by months, for the coal year April
1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, compared with the budget established by the Fuel Administration...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page.
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22
22
22
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
24
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36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
42
43
44
51
51
52
53
53
56
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
60
61
61
61
6]
62
ILLUSTRATIONS. 5
Page.
FIG. 44. Diagram of the shipments of bituminous coal to lower Lake ports, exclusive of vessel fuel, accumulative by months, for the
coal year April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, compared with the budget established by the Fuel Administration; it will
be noted that not until the latter part of November did shipments for the season equal the budget.................... 62
45. Diagram of shipments of bituminous coal to lower Lakeports, including vessel fuel, by weeks, for the coal year April 1, 1918,
to March 31, 1919, compared with the budget established by the Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
46. Diagram showing beehive coke ovens in the United States, by years, 1906 to 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
47. Diagram showing by-product coke ovens in the United States, by years, 1906 to 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
48 to 59. Diagrams showing the capacity and production at by-product coke-oven plants in the United States, and percentages
of total capacity attained in production, and losses by causes, by weeks, January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919:
Fig. 48. United States---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
49. Alabama. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 77
50. Illinois--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 78
51. Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
52. Kentucky------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
53. Maryland------------------------------------------, -------------------------------------------- 79
54. Massachusetts--------------------------.............. * e º ºs º ºſ w - - - sº ºn as º ºs º ºs s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 80
55. Minnesota---------------------------------------------------------------------. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 80
56. New York------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 81
57. Ohio----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ‘. . 81
58. Pennsylvania- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 82
59. Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82
60. Diagram of percentage of full coke car supply, and percentages of loss of rated capacity, by causes, in the Connellsville coke
regions, Pennsylvania, by weeks, January, 1918, to February 1, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
61. Diagram of consumption and stocks of coke at iron furnaces in the United States, by districts and by weeks, August, 1917,
to November 30, 1918-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
62. Diagram of consumption and stocks of coke at iron furnaces in the United States, by districts and by weeks, August, 1917,
to November 30, 1918-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
63. Diagram of consumption and stocks of coke at iron furnaces in the United States, by districts and by weeks, August, 1917,
to November 30, 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 88
64 to 86. Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the various coal fields, by classes of consignees, as reported
by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919:
FIG. 64. Central Pennsylvania-------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
65. Northern Pennsylvania-------------------------------------.. * - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - 97
66. Pittsburgh, Pa., and Panhandle, W. Va., districts... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ** * * * * * * * * * * = • - - - - - - - 98
67. Westmoreland, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Ligonier districts, Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
68. Connellsville, Pa., district.-----------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
69. Somerset, Pa., and Cumberland-Piedmont, Md., districts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
70. Fairmont, W. Va., district----------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
71. Northern Ohio--------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 98
72. Southern Ohio-----------------------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . 98
73. Northeastern Kentucky------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
74. Hazard, Ky., district.---------------------------------------------------------------------. . . . . 98
75. Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker districts, West Virginia........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
76. Pocahontas and Tug River districts, West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
77. New River district, West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
78. Southeastern Kentucky---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
79. Tennessee and Georgia.-----------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
80. Southwestern Virginia and Clinch Valley districts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
81. Alabama------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
82. Western Kentucky-------------------------------------------------------------------------. . . 99
83. Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
84. Illinois.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 99
85. Iowa, Texas, and Southwestern States------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 99
86. Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Washington, and the distributing docks at the
head of Lake Superior and on the west bank of Lake Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
87 to 106. Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into.consuming States, by classes of consignees, as reported by
the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919:
FIG. 87. Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------------------------------. . . . . 100
88. Delaware-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
89. Georgia.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . . . 100
90. Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -----------------------------------------------. 100
91. Indiana-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------. . . 100
92. Iowa---------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
93. Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------------------------, - . . . . . . . 101
94. Maryland and the District of Columbia-------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
95. Michigan----------------------------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . 101
96. Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
97. New England.-------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6
ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIGS. 87 to 106. Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into consuming States, by classes of consignees, etc.—Con.
FIG. 98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
Pennsylvania---------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina---------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
107 to 138. Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the various coal fields, as reported by the district repre-
sentatives, by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919: -
FIG. 107. Central Pennsylvania-----------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108. Northern Pennsylvania--------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
109. Pittsburgh, Pa., and Panhandle, W. Va., districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110. Westmoreland, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Ligonier districts, Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111. Connellsville, Pa., district--------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
112. Somerset, Pa., and Cumberland-Piedmont, Md., districts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
113. Fairmont, W. Va., district----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114. Northern Ohio.......... . . . .* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
115. Southern Ohio----------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116. Northeastern Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
117. Hazard, Ky., district ------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118. Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker districts, West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - -
119. Pocahontas and Tug River districts, West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120. New River district, West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121. Southeastern Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122. Tennessee and Georgia.------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
123. Southwestern Virginia and Clinch Valley districts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124. Alabama. --------------------------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
125. Western Kentucky---- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
126. Indiana ------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127. Illinois.----------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128. Iowa------------------------------------------------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129. Missouri----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130. Kansas--------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
131. Arkansas------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * - -, * * - * * - - - - - - * * - a sº
132. Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
133. Colorado-------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
134. New Mexico.------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
135. Southern Wyoming and Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136. Montana and Northern Wyoming........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
137. Washington--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
138. Distributing docks at the head of Lake Superior and on the west bank of Lake Michigan. . . . . . . . .
139 to 158. Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into consuming States, as reported by the district representa-
tives, by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919:
Fig. 139. Alabama---------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140. Delaware----------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
141. Georgia.------------------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
142. Illinois.---------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
143. Indiana------------------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
144. Iowa------------------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145. Kentucky. ------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146. Maryland and the District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
147. Michigan....... . . . . . . . . -----------------------------------------------------... . . . . . . . . . . . .
148. Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
149. New England---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150. New Jersey--------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
151. New York---------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
152. North Carolina--------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
153. Ohio. ------------------------------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
154. Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,- - -
155. South Carolina--------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156. Tennessee---------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157. Virginia--------------------------------------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
158. Wisconsin-----------------------------------------------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . .
159. Production of Pennsylvania anthracite, by weeks, from April 1, 1917, to April 5, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
160. Diagram showing the number of employees in the Bureau of Statistics from the beginning to the end of its activities. . . .
Page.
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104
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106
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107
107
107
107
108
108
108
108
108
108
109
109
109
PREFACE,
By J. D. A. MoRRow.
It was near the end of the winter of 1917–18 before the Fuel Administration created a department to
handle the distribution of coal commensurate with the task, although the United States Fuel Administrator,
almost at the beginning of his work, was called upon to obtain coal for consumers whose supplies were insufficient.
The usually severe winter increased these responsibilities far beyond anything which had been foreseen. On
January 28, 1918, Dr. Garfield appointed the writer, then general secretary of the National Coal Association, to be
general director of distribution, with full authority over the distribution of coal and coke, succeeding L.A. Snead,
who had been acting as his adviser in matters of distribution. Dr. Garfield asked that effectual control of the war-
time distribution of coal and coke of the United States be planned and that an organization be developed to
carry out such control. The problems of the administration in this respect were already apparent, and the
writer was familiar with the measures which had been started to deal with these problems.
The Zone system to control the transportation of coal and the necessary complementary field organization
of the distribution division were immediately completed.
The Washington organization included six bureaus—viz, bituminous coal, anthracite, coke, State distribu-
tion, statistics, and gas plants. Mr. S. L. Yerkes, secretary of the Grider Coal Sales Agency, Birmingham, Ala.,
took charge of the current work of distribution while the new organization was being formed, and ably assisted
in perfecting the details of its arrangement. Mr. Yerkes also assisted the general director in coordinating the
work of the several bureaus of the distribution division.
On March 1, Mr. A.W. Calloway, president of the Davis Coal & Coke Co. and the Pittsburgh Terminal Railroad
& Coal Co., was appointed director of bituminous distribution, with Mr. Yerkes as assistant director. Inasmuch
as bituminous coal makes up some 80 per cent of the total coal production of the United States, the distribution
of this kind of coal constituted the major problem. Moreover, the prosecution of the industrial program of the
war depended immediately upon the proper distribution of bituminous coal. This meant that the bituminous
bureau must be organized to handle the chief work of coal distribution during the war. The heads of this bureau
were selected with definite regard for the magnitude of the work they were called upon to perform. The same
consideration governed their chioce of assistants to manage the various sections.
Mr. C. P. White, of the Clarkson Coal & Dock Co., Cleveland, Ohio, was appointed manager of the Lake and
Canadian section, and throughout the season of 1918 handled all matters pertaining to the movement of coal, both
bituminous and anthracite, to the Great Lakes and to Canada. Mr. W. A. Marsh, general sales manager of the
Pittsburgh Coal Co., was selected to have charge of the section dealing with railroad fuel, and Mr. H. A. Cochran,
of the Davis Coal & Coke Co., was placed in charge of the section dealing with the movement and distribution of
coal to tidewater. When Mr. Blauvelt, director of the coke bureau, went into the bureau of production of the
administration division, the coke bureau was made a section of the bureau of bituminous coal, with Mr. F. J.
Herman as manager. Mr. C. C. Marvel, of the coal department of the Solvay Process Co., Syracuse, N. Y., was
placed in charge of the section dealing with gas and by-product coal supply. Mr. Charles M. Means, consulting
engineer of Pittsburgh, had charge of the inspection section, and Miss S. T. Mero the section dealing with the sup-
ply of coal for Federal departments and institutions throughout the country. The coal zone permit bureau was
organized by Mr. A. M. Macleod, of the Northern Coal Co. of Boston, and on his resignation in May, 1918, he was
succeeded by Mr. C. B. Nichols, of the Westmoreland Coal Co. In October the work of the coal zone permit
bureau was transferred to the bureau of statisties, under the immediate supervision of Mr. W. P. Ellis, assistant
director of the latter bureau. -
The coke bureau was ably handled by Mr. W. S. Blauvelt, of Detroit, as director, until he resigned to assist
the bureau of production of the administration division. The anthracite bureau was conducted by Mr. A. S.
Learoyd, of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Coal Co., New York, as head of that bureau. In addition, an
anthracite committee consisting of Joseph B. Dickson, president of Dickson & Eddy; W. J. Richards, president,
Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co.; and S. L. Warriner, president Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co., was created
to advise and assist Mr. Learoyd and the writer in the details of anthracite distribution. Mr. C. E. Lesher,
of the United States Geological Survey, became head of the bureau of statistics, and Mr. A. M. Ogle, president of
the Wandalia Coal Co., Terre Haute, Ind., became the head of the bureau of State distribution, assisted by Mr.
Iſusky, of the Worth, Husky Coal Co., Chicago. Mr. J. T. Lynn, of Detroit, was selected as director of the bureau
of artificial gas plants.
7
8 PREFACE.
It is impossible for the writer to attempt to list by name here the many others whose unselfish and efficient
Services contributed to the success of the work.
It was evident from the outset that the distribution division must have a clear understanding of the relative
importance of different classes of coal consumers in order that arrangements for distribution could be made
which would most directly contribute to the successful prosecution of the war. Information on which to make
such a classification was not in the possession of the Fuel Administration. Accordingly, such preference classi-
fication of consumers as would guide the distribution division in this work had to be made by some other agency
sufficiently informed to take this action. When Mr. Baruch, chairman of the War Industries Board, was des-
ignated by the President to indicate the preference which should be accorded consumers, the writer, Mr. Calloway,
and Mr. Ogle took up vigorously with the priorities division of the War Industries Board the work of formulating
a preference list. On or about May 1 the first classification of coal consumers was announced, and from that date
the distribution division organized its work with concrete reference to the most effective use of coal for war
purposes.
In writing the report of the work of the distribution divisionitis, of course, necessary for Mr. Lesher to begin
with the inception of such work, even though the distribution division as such was not created until some months
after the actual work of the department had been going on. Accordingly, this account of the work of the United
States Fuel Administration with regard to the distribution of coal and coke in the United States during the war
attempts to cover all of its activities of that kind from the outset.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF COAL BY THE UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION.
By C. E. LESHER.
THE PROBLEM.
During the closing months of the calendar year 1917
the conditions confronting the Fuel Administration
as regards the supply and distribution of coal were
serious. The record-breaking production during 1917
had not been sufficient to meet the insistent demands
of industry and the domestic consumer, largely be-
cause the coal that was produced and delivered to
consumers was unequally distributed. The quantity
of bituminous coal the country was actually short in
the winter of 1917–18 was small compared with the
output attained in that period, although the coal that,
through panic or fear, consumers thought they needed
and could not obtain was large.
The inequality of distribution in the winter of 1917— .
18 is largely to be attributed to inequality in contract
prices entered into prior to August 21, 1917. Con-
tracts entered into in the spring and early summer
of 1917 were generally at prices above those estab-
lished by the President in August, and consumers for-
tunate enough to hold such contracts were assured
of first call on the product of the mines. That many
public utilities, railroads, and concerns engaged in the
war industries were among those not protected by
sure sources of fuel made extremely difficult the task
of the Fuel Administration in the early months of its
endeavors. Efforts to furnish coal to these obviously
essential users through the operation of priority orders
for coal cars failed because that method added to the
handicaps of the already overburdened railroads.
The development of the system of control of dis-
tribution adopted in 1918 began late in 1917, when it
was evident that the use of priorities of cars had failed
and that in its place should be substituted priority of
coal. Recognizing that the principal factor limiting
the production of coal was the ability of the railroads
to move it from the mines to consumer, and that the
proper carrying forward of the war program would not
permit setting aside the shipment of other commod-
ities in order to increase that of coal, the problem of
the Fuel Administration in respect to supply of coal
for the carrying forward of the war was primarily
distribution.
Proper distribution, it was recognized, represented
the only sure means of assuring to the war industries
the proper kind of coal with the least use of railroad
cars, and at the same time affording an opportunity
to cooperate with the railroads in improving the
transportation situation. There was obviously no point
in talking about speeding up production of coal when
mines had no cars in which to load the coal.
Reduced to simplest terms, the problem was to
meet the requirements of the war program of the
country for coal and coke. The solution of the prob-
lem was found in a study, first, of the requirements
and of the resources available to meet such require-
ments; second, of the limiting factors; and, finally,
of a system of control and regulation of distribution
that would fit the needs to the resources.
Briefly, in the short period of a few months after
the work of the Fuel Administration was begun, it
was determined that the requirements of the United
States for bituminous coal in the “coal year” ended
in March, 1919, were 624,000,000 net tons, compared
with a production in 1917 of 552,000,000 tons of bitu-
minous coal and for anthracite in the same period
100,000,000 net tons, but slightly more than in 1917;
that the unmined reserves of coal were ample, the
number of developed mines and the labor sufficient
to produce that quantity of coal; that the limiting
factor in nearly every district was transportation;
and that rigid control and detailed regulation of dis-
tribution were necessary to insure that the war pro-
gram should not falter for lack of coal and coke.
That these premises were right and that the pro-
gram was fulfilled are evidenced by the fact that even
before the war activities ceased, on November 11,
1918, the country was abundantly stocked with coal,
no war industries were hampered through lack of coal
or coke, and the fear of a coal shortage had been so
well silenced that prices of coal in a number of dis-
tricts had begun to fall below the maxima estab-
lished by the Government.
In the following pages of this report it is proposed
to present, in as much detail as the material at hand
and the time available for writing the report will
permit, the subjects of requirements; of ability to
meet the requirements, as shown by the unmined
reserves, the capacity of developed mines, supply of
mining labor, and the transportation facilities; the
factors limiting production and transportation of coal;
9
10 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
and, finally, the system of control and regulation of
distribution developed to meet the emergency—how
the control was exercised, the regulatory measures
that were adopted, and, by statistics and diagrams,
the progress and success attained.
No small part of the incentive for thus presenting
this material, much of which may be considered irrele-
vant at the present time, is to record for future stu-
dents of the economics of the coal industry the opera-
tion of governmental control and regulation of an
industry second only to the railroads in magnitude, a
control that was exercised with such detail and
exactitude as to be without parallel in the history of
the United States.
It is not easy or necessary, if indeed it is possible, to determine
which of these latter (food and fuel) far-reaching controls will leave
to history the better pattern for making of future policies, so nebu-
lous was the one method (food) and so definite the other (coal).
There will be made available to future economists, at least, no
more pleasing materials from which they may build formulae
of * * * control than the exhaustive production, stock, prices,
and cost data brought together relating to coal."
1 Paul Garret in “History of Government Control of Prices—The Fuel Admin-
istration.” War Industries Board, 1919.
THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES FOR COAL IN 1918.
Coal produced in the United States from 1849 to the end of 1918, in
To measure the requirements for a commodity the
use of which is as widespread as coal presents many
difficulties. Should every individual be asked his
needs and the total reached, the result could not have
been accepted, for under the conditions which ob-
tained in 1917 and early part of 1918, most consumers,
many intentionally, would have overstated their re-
quirements.
To undertake such a census of coal re-
quirements was not to be considered, moreover, be-
cause of the time required and the high cost.
Re-
quirements must needs, therefore, be estimated, and
for such an estimate, on statistics, which is the science
of estimates, must be placed the greatest dependence,
with due respect for judgment displayed in inter-
preting the statistics.
The production of coal in the United States in past
years has been the measure of the requirements.
Bituminous coal and to but a limited extent anthra-
cite are not produced and stored by the producer and
shipper.
Because in the winter season coal is needed
in larger measure than in the summer, and because it
not infrequently happens, even in normal years, that
cold weather and storms interfere with railroad and
steamship transportation, consumers accumulate in
the summer and fall stocks of coal sufficient for a few
weeks' to several months’ needs.
For many years the production of coal has kept
pace with the demand, rising and falling according to
the prosperity of the Nation. The average annual
consumption * of coal in the United States, by decades,
since 1849, and the production of both anthracite and
bituminous coal in the United States, by years since
1849, are given in the following tables:
Average annual consumption of bituminous coal and anthracite, popu-
lation, and per capita consumption of coal, by decades, 1849–1918.
Average annual
Per capita con-
Decade ended— consumption of Average popula- suºpºl
Coal (net tons). tion. (net tons).
1858------------------ 10, 835,000 27, 256,000 0.40
1868------------------ 22, 512,000 || 33, 365,000 . 67
1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 305,000 || 41,677,000 1. 20
1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,903, 000 53, 693,000 2, 00
1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180, 530,000 | 66,349,000 2. 70
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348,057,000 80, 849,000 4. 30
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540,000,000 97, 028,000 5. 50
United States from 1849 to the end of 1918, in
7\ct tonS.
Yoar. º Bituminous. Total.
1849. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,995, 334 || 2,453,497 || 6,448, 831
1850. ----------- - - - - - 4, 138, 164 2,880, 017 7, 018, 181
1851. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,481,065 3, 253, 460 8, 734, 525
1852. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 151,957 3, 664, 707 9, 816,664
1853. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,400, 426 4, 169,862 | 10, 570, 288
1 Production plus imports, less exports, is hero considered to represent con-
*
Sumption.
met tons—Continued.

Pennsylvania
Year anthracite. Bituminous. Total.
1854....... . . . . . . . . . . 7, 394, 875 4, 582,227 | 11, 977, 102
1855----------------- 8, 141, 754 4,784,919 12,926,673
1856------. . . . . . . . . . . 8, 534, 779 5, 012, 146 || 13, 546,925
1857------. . . . . . . . . . . 8, 186, 567 5, 153,622 || 13,340, 189
1858------. . . . . . . . . . . 8,426, 102 5, 548, 376 | 13,974,478
1859...... . . . . . . . . . . . 9,619, 771 6,013, 404 || 15,633, 175
1860. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 115, 842 6, 494, 200 || 14,610,042
1861----------------- 9, 799, 654 6,688, 358 16,488,012
1862----------------- 9,695, 110 7, 790, 725 | 17,485,835
1863. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,785, 320 9, 533, 742 21, 319,062
1864. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 538,649 || 11,066,474 23,605,123
1865. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II, 891, 746 II, 900, 427 23,792, 173
1866------. . . . . . . . . . . 15,651, 183 || 13, 352,400 29,003, 583
1867. ---------------. 16,002, 109 || 14, 722, 313 30, 724, 422
1868------. . . . . . . . . . . 17, 003, 405 15, 858, 555 32, 861, 960
1869-------. . . . . . . . . . 17,083, 134 15,821, 226 32, 904, 360
1870----------------- 15,664, 275 17,371, 305 || 33,035, 580
1871----------------- 19, 342,057 | 27, 543,023 || 46,885,080
1872----------------- 24, 233, 166 27, 220, 233 51,453,399
1873----------------. 26, 152,837 31,449, 643 57,602,480
1874----------------- 24, 818, 790 27,787, 130 52, 605, 920
1875----------------- 22,485,766 29,862, 554 52, 348,320
1876----------------- 22, 793, 245 30,486, 755 53,280,000
1877----------------- 25, 660,316 || 34,841,444 || 60, 501, 760
1878----------------- 21, 689,.682 36,245,918 57,935, 600
1879----------------- 30, 207,793 37,898, 006 | 68, 105, 799
1880----------------- 28,649,812 42,831, 758 || 71,481,570
1881----------------- 31, 920, 018 53, 961,012 || 85,881, 030
1882----------------- 35, 121, 256 | 68,429,933 || 103, 551, 189
1883----------- - - - - - - 38,456, 845 77,250, 680 115,707, 525
1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 156,847 82,998, 704 || 120, 155, 551
1885. ------ - - - - - - - - - - 38, 335,974 || 72,824, 321 111, 160,295
1886- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39,035,446 74, 644, 981 113,680, 427
I887. - 42,088, 197 88, 562,314 130, 650, 511
1888. ---------------- 46, 619, 564 || 102,040,093 || 148,659, 657
1889-------- - - - - - - - - - 45, 546, 970 95,682, 543 || 141, 229, 513
1890------- - - - - - - - - - - 46,468,641 111, 302,322 157, 770, 963
1891----------------- 50, 665, 431 || 117,901, 238 | 168, 566, 669
1892. -------- - - - - - - - - 52,472, 504 || 126,856, 567 179,329,071
1893----------------- 53,967, 543 | 128, 385, 231 182,352, Z74
1894. ------ - - - - - - - - - - 51, 921, 121 118, 820, 405 || 170, 741, 526
1895----------------- 57,999, 337 || 135, 118, 193 || 193, 117, 530
1896----------------- 54, 346,081 137, 640, 276 191, 986, 357
1897----------- - - - - - - 52, 611, 680 147, 617, 519 200, 229, 199
1898------- - - - - - - - - - - 53,382, 644 166, 593,623 219,976, 267
1899-------- - - - - - - - - - 60,418,005 193,323, 187 253, 741, 192
1900--------- - - - - - - - - 57, 367,915 212,316, 112 269, 684,027.
1901------------- - - - - 67, 471, 667 225,828, 149 293,299, 816
1902----------------- 41, 373, 595 || 260,216,844 301, 590,439
1903------- - - - - - - - - - - 74,607,068 282, 749, 348 || 357, 356,416
1904------- - - - - - - - - - - 73, 156,709 || 278,659, 689 351,816, 398
1905- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77,659, 850 315,062, 785 392, 722, 635
1906-------- - - - - - - - - - 71, 282, 411 || 342,874, 867 || 414, 157, 278
1907- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85, 604, 312 || 394, 759, 112 || 480, 363, 424
1908-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 83, 268,754 332, 573, 944 415, 842, 698
1909----------- - - - - - - 81,070, 359 379,744, 257 || 460, 814, 616
1910----------------- 84,485, 236 || 417, 111, 142 501, 596, 378
1911----------------- 90,464,067 | 405,907, 059 || 496, 371, 126
1912------- - - - - - - - - - - 84, 361,598 || 450, 104,982 534, 466, 580
1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91, 524, 922 || 478,435, 297 569, 960, 219
1914--------- - - - - - - - - 90, 821, 507 || 422,703, 970 513, 525,477
1915- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 88, 995, 061 442,624, 426 531,619, 487
1916------- - - - - - - - - - - 87, 578,493 502,519,682 590,098, 175
1917- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 99, 611, 811 551, 790, 563 651, 402, 374
1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 98, 826,084 579, 385,820 678, 211, 904

The production of bituminous coal in
1917 was
552,000,000 net tons, and of anthracite, 99,611,000 net
tons; the consumption of bituminous coal was 532,-
000,000 tons, and of anthracite, 93,600,000 tons.
The
production in 1917 represented an increase over 1914
11
12 . t REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
of 138,000,000 tons, or 27 per cent. This increase,
largely in bituminous coal, was called forth to meet
the expanding needs of industry in the revival of busi-
ness that followed the lean year, 1914. The demand
for manufactured materials by the Allies in Europe
was a large factor in bringing on this revival of busi-
ness. To fulfill the contracts with the Allies industrial
activity was everywhere speeded up and the demand
for steam coal in the East, where the manufacturing
plants are centered, and particularly in New England,
was strong throughout the winter of 1915–16, and in
the summer of 1916 became so urgent that prices of
bituminous coal soared upward at an unprecedented
rate. The demand for steam, gas, and other high-
grade bituminous coals for special uses made it difficult,
because of the rise in prices, for other users, especially
the railroads and domestic consumers, to secure Sup-
plies. The extent to which bituminous coal enters
into industry is shown in the accompanying table,
which gives the distribution of bituminous coal con-
sumed in the United States, by principal uses, in 1915
and 1917, with preliminary estimates for 1918.
Distribution of bituminous coal consumed in the United States, by uses,
1915 and 1917, with estimates for 1918, in met tons.
Use. 1915 1917 1918
Industrials-------------|* 159,745,000 || 174,625,000 | 189,839,000
Public utilities:
Electric----------. (2) 31,693,000 || 35,000,000
Gas-------------- 4, 563,000 4, 960,000 || 4,966,000
Railroads------------. 122,000,000 || 153,690,000 | 158,992,000
Domestic-------------- 55,000,000 57,104,000 || 57,000,000
Coal-mine fuel.------. 9,799,000 | 12, 117,000 | 12, 521,000
Exports-------------- 18, 776,000 22,921, 000 21, 519,000
Bunker: -
Foreign.----------- 8, 367,000 6, 732,000 5,421,000
JDomestic.--------. 3, 410,000 3, 598,000 7, 100,000
Beehive coke. . . . . . . . . 42,278,000 || 52,247,000 || 48, 160,000
By-product coke...... 19,554,000 || 31, 506,000 || 38,868,000
443,492,000 || 551, 194,000 || 579, 386,000
1 Includes electrical utilities. 2 Included in industrials.
One of the first steps in the study of the require-
ments of the country for coal concerns the geographic
distribution of consumption. Except for the diffi-
culty in the distribution of coal introduced by severe
weather in December, 1917, and January, 1918, the
principal evidences of the shortage were in the terri-
tory east of the Ohio-Indiana State line. In this
eastern territory, where there is the larger percentage
of the population of the country, there is also the
major portion of the manufacturing capacity of the
country and the densest railroad traffic. In this sec-
tion of the country also the greater part of our coal is
produced. -
The geographic distribution of the consumption of
coal, by industries and public utilities, is shown on the
accompanying map (Pl. I). On this map is shown
graphically the average consumption of bituminous
coal per square mile in 1918 by all industries, coke
plants, both beehive and by-product, and public
utilities, both gas and electrical, by counties. The
concentration of consumption in the New England
States, northern and eastern New York, eastern
Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey is well
illustrated by this map. - -
It was to supply fuel to that section of the country
that the main efforts of the distribution division were
necessarily directed. This problem was especially
perplexing because of the large requirements for coal
in this area and the difficulty of transporting supplies
from the coal fields in central and western Pennsyl-
vania and West Virginia over railroads congested with
freight other than coal, eastbound to the ports on the
Atlantic seaboard, and because of theshortage of vessels
to carry coal in the coastwise trade to New England.
In January and February, 1918, statistics were com-
piled showing the distribution of bituminous coal de-
livered for consumption to general classes of users and
to States in the calendar year 1917. A few months
later similar figures were available showing the dis-
tribution of anthracite, separated as between prepared
sizes and steam sizes, for the 12 months ended March
31, 1917. With these figures as a base, a budget for
the coal year (Apr. 1, 1918, to Mar. 31, 1919) for bitu-
minous coal and for prepared sizes of anthracite was
agreed upon. These statistics and the budget are
summarized in the accompanying tables. The first
shows the budget as of March 15, 1918. This original
statement of the budget called for a production of
bituminous coal during the 12 months beginning
April 1, 1918, of nearly 635,000,000 tons, an increase
over the production in 1917 of 83,000,000 tons, or 15
per cent. -
With the accumulation during the summer of 1918
of more detailed data on production, consumption,
and stocks, a closer estimate of requirements was
possible, and a revised budget was prepared on October
1, in which the figure of necessary production was
reduced to 623,400,000 tons, an increase over the
calendar year 1917 of 71,610,000 tons, or 13 per cent.
The determination of the requirements, or the
“budget,” as it was termed, was primarily a statis-
tical problem. Briefly, the method followed was to
determine as accurately as may be, and in the briefest
possible time, what had become of the coal produced
in 1917, where it had gone, and for what it was used.
With those statistics in detail as a base, it was then
necessary to estimate the increase required to arrive
at the budget for the ensuing year. The rapid devel-
opment of the war industries proposed for 1918 indi-
cated a large increase in demand for coal. The
uncertainty, however, as to when many such plants
would reach the coal-consuming stage, where they
were to be located, and, indeed, whether some were
ever to be constructed, and, on the other hand, the
uncertainty as to the effect of curtailment of nonwar
industries and the possible or probable results of con-
servation, combined to make all statistics of require-

º - - Plate 1.
United States Fuel Administration. Report of Distribution Division, Part 1.
20,000 or More 5.o.o.o -74.99
15ooo-19999 25Oc - 499 %
|OOoo- |OOO -24.99 100 or Le
É *
75 oc - 999 o' :SS-234
# #:
•P
Map of the United States showing, by counties in each State, the average consumption per square mile of bituminous coal, in net tons, by all manufacturing and industrial plants, by-product coke ovens: beehive ovens, and public utilities in 1918.

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
13
ments matters of estimate that must be considered
with large factors of safety. Any error must be on
the side of too much rather than too little.
Estimated consumption of bituminous coal in the United States in the
calendar year 1917, and requirements for the coal year 1918–19 without
allowance for conservation.
MARCH 15, 1918.
Calendar year 1917. Coal year 1918–19. Ter
cent
Industry. Per - JPer *
Net tons. cent of Net tons. cent of over
total. total. 1917.
Industrial *........... 199,300,000 36.0|250, 288,000 39.0. 25.6
Domestic........... -- 67,000,000 12. 1 75,678,000 12.0 13.0
Gas and electric utili-
ties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] 33,000, 000 6.0 37,941,000. 6. 0 15.0
Railroads............. 155,000,000 27.9166,000,000 26.5 7. 1
Exports. ------------ 23,000,000. 4, 1| 24,000,000 3.8 4.3
Beehive coke. . . . . . . . 52, 250,000 9.4 52,450,000 8.4 .4
Bunker:
Foreign. . . . . . . . . 7, 700,000) 1.4 10,000,000 1.5 29.9
Domestic, in .
cluding Great
Lakes---------- 5,000,000 .9 5,000,000 .8-- - - - -
Used at mines for
steam and heat. . . . 12,000,000 2.2 12, 500,000 2.0 4.2
Total. . . . . . ...|554, 250,000 100.0633,857, 000 100.0 14.4
Production. . . . . . . . . . 551, 790, 000 . . . . . . 632,950, 000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Used from Storage- - - - 1, 253,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 207,000|- - - - - - 907, 000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Substitution of coal
for oil mainly in
West.-------------|-----------|------ 2,000,000 - - - - - -|- . . . . .
Total.... . . . . . . 554, 250,000|- - - - - - 635, 857. 000|- - - - - - - - - - - -
1 Includes coal used in the manufacture of by-product coke.
The production necessary in the coal year 1918–19 to meet these
requirements is 634,950,000 tons, an increase over 1917 of 83,160,000
tons, or 15 per cent.
Estimated consumption of bituminous coal in the United States in the
calendar year 1917, and requirements for the coal year 1918–19 with-
out allowance for conservation.
OCTOBER 1, 1918.
Calendar year 1917. Coal year 1918–19. .t;
Industry. Per Per *
Net tons. cent of Net tons. Cent of . Over
total. total. 1917.
Industrial 1. . . . . . . . .[199, 300,000 36.0|237, 500,000 38.0| 19.2
Domestic. . . . . . . . . . . 67,000,000 12. 1 75, 700,000 12. l 13.0
Gas and electric util-
ities. ------------- 33,000,000. 6. 0 37,900,000 6, 1] 14.8
Railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . 155,000,000 27.9167, 400,000 26.8 8.0
Exports------------. 23,000,000. 4, 1] 24, 300,000 3.9 5.7
Beehive coke... . . . . . 52, 250,000 9.4 52, 300,000 8.4 . 1
Bunker: - -
Foreign. . . . . . . . . 7, 700,000) 1.4 10, 700,000 1.7 39.0
Domestic, in- * *.
cluding Great
Lakes---------- 5,000,000 .9| 5,000,000 .8------
Used at mines for
steam and heat. . . . 12,000, 000 2.2 13, 700,000 2. 2. 14.2
Total. . . . . . . . .554, 250,000 100.0624, 500,000 100 0 12.7
Production. . . . . . . . . . 551, 790,000 . . . . . . 623, 400,000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Used from storage. . . . 1, 253,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Imports. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 207,000 . . . . . . 1, 100,000 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Total. . . . . . . . .[554, 250,000 . . . . . . 624, 500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . .
1Includes coal used in the manufacture of by-product coke.
The production necessary in the coal year 1918–19 to meet these
requirements is 623,400,000 tons, or an increase over 1917 of
71,610,000 tons, or 13 per cent.
The method of arriving at the estimates of require-
ments for bituminous coal for the coal year 1918–19
was as follows: -
INDUSTRIAL REQUIREMENTS.
Coal for industrials included that for manufacturing
plants, by-product coke ovens, steel mills, shipyards,
municipal waterworks, and all industries not con-
Ridered separately in the following pages.
It was believed, and the estimates based on the
assumption, that the increase in requirements for
bituminous coal in 1918 over the consumption in 1917
would not exceed generally the increase in consump-
tion in 1917 over 1916. That this was a sound theory
was later demonstrated, for the rate of production of
bituminous coal in 1918, although not up to the rate
called for by the budget, was greater than the rate of
increase of industry to consume the coal. The
statistics of consumption of coal by industries in 1916
and 1917, collected in the winter of 1917–18, gave the
increases in the several States and by the more
important industries. The average increase for the
eastern half of the United States in the consumption
of bituminous coal in 1917, compared with 1916, was
22 per cent. The estimated increase in consumption
for the coal year 1918–19 over the calendar year 1917
was about 20 per cent. The several States were
allotted in the budget increases comparable with the
increases in consumption recorded in 1917. In the
estimates for certain States, however, account was
taken of especially large additions to the require-
ments of certain industries, the more important of
which were the iron and steel industry, explosives
manufacture, and the shipyards. The steel industry
was to operate at maximum capacity. The produc-
tion of pig iron in 1917 was 38,647,000 gross tons.
The plant capacity in the same year was 39,500,000
gross tons. The plant capacity on January 1, 1918,
for producing pig iron was reported as 42,000,000 gross
tons. The steel-ingot production in 1917 was 42,-
400,000 gross tons from a plant capacity of 42,400,000
gross tons on January 1, 1917. The steel-ingot plant
capacity on January 1, 1918, was 46,726,000 gross
tons, and on that basis it was estimated that steel
production would be more than 4,000,000 gross tons
greater in 1918 than in 1917. Assuming 4 tons of coal
required to produce a ton of finished steel products,
the increased requirement of bituminous coal for the
steel industry in 1918 would have been at least
17,500,000 net tons. That included increased require-
ments for by-products coke ovens, an item of 5,000,000
net tons of coal during the year. One ton of coal is
required at the shipyards for each 2 tons of steel ship-
ping launched. In the year ended April 1, 1918,
1,408,000 gross tons of steel shipping were completed,
and it was planned that in the year ended April 1,
1919, 4,000,000 tons would have been completed; that
is, 2,600,000 more tons of shipping in 1918 than in
1917, requiring 1,300,000 tons of additional coal at the


14 REPORT of DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
shipyards. The larger powder plants, especially those
manufacturing smokeless powder, consumed 2,427,000
net tons of bituminous coal in 1917, and required
5,076,000 net tons in 1918, an increase of about
2,500,000 tons, or 100 per cent. -
The increased requirements of other lines of indus-
try, the details of many but not all of which were avail-
able, were taken care of in the increases allowed in the
different localities.
DOMESTIC REQUIREMENTS.
It was estimated that 67,000,000 net tons of bitu-
minous coal were used in 1917 for heating by house-
holders, office buildings, hospitals, small steam plants,
and all consumers of that general class. The distri-
bution of this coal is indicated on the map Plate II.
The estimated requirements of those users for 1918
was 75,700,000 tons, or an increase of nearly 14 per
cent over 1917. The largest part of that increase was
in the eastern and northeastern sections of the United
States, but it was planned that the increased demand
in those sections would be met by the retention in the
east of a greater amount of Pennsylvania anthracite
and the consequent replacement of anthracite by
bituminous coal at the rate of 1% tons bituminous for 1
ton of anthracite in the territory west of Pittsburgh
and Buffalo. The quantity of bituminous coal con-
sumed for domestic purposes in 1917 was below actual
requirements, a condtion that was considered in
making the allotment for 1918. -
OTHER REQUIREMENTS.
GAS AND ELECTRIC UTILITIES.
An increase of 11 per cent was allowed for gas and
electric utilities. This increased demand was mainly
for the electric utilities, nearly all of which were sup-
plying increasing quantities of power to industries,
including the large shipyards, engaged in war work,
and was based on reports from the utility companies.
RAILROADS.
The Railroad Administration estimated its require-
ments for 1918 as 166,000,000 net tons.
EXPORTS.
No increase in total exports in 1918 over 1917 was
provided in the budget.
BEEEI.IVE-CORE.
No increase in 1918 over 1917 in the production of
beehive coke was expected, and the budget for the
coal year was the same as the consumption in 1917.
FOREIGN BUNIKERS.
The increase estimated for foreign bunker coal of
nearly 50 per cent was based upon information sup-
plied by the Shipping Board.
DOMESTIC BUNECERS.
Bituminous coal for steamships engaged in domestic
trade was estimated at 5,000,000 net tons, the same
as in 1917.
The Shipping Board had informally advised the
Fuel Administration that oil tankers operating on the
Pacific coast would be withdrawn during the year 1918
for overseas service on the Atlantic. These tankers
were transporting fuel oil from the California fields to
the Pacific Northwest, and their withdrawal would
require the substitution of coal for fuel oil to supply
many industrial plants in Washington and Oregon.
An item of 2,000,000 tons of additional coal was
added to the original budget to cover that require-
ment, although it could not be determined at the time
whether that additional quantity could be produced
by the fields tributary to the Pacific coast. In the
revised budget (Oct. 1) the item was removed because
the exigency had failed to materialize.
BUDGET CHANGES.
Requirements estimated for industrial plants were
considered to cover only the needs for consumption.
To assure the continuous operation of the war indus-
tries through the winter months of 1918–19 an addi-
tional quantity of 7,000,000 net tons of bituminous
coal was included in the budget for storage. The
distribution of that quantity is given in the following
table. In the revision of the budget on October 1 the
7,000,000 tons was removed because it was evident
that sufficient stocks were being accumulated without
the addition of that quantity, and further because the
excellence of the control made such a large factor of
safety unnecessary.
Distribution of 7,000,000 met tons of bituminous coal included in the
budget on Mar. 1, and excluded in the revision of Oct. 1, 1918.
Consuming states. Producing district. Net tons.
Illinois------------------ - 250,000
Indiana------------------|}Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500,000
Michigan-------- - - 250,000
1,000, 000
#"…}southeastern Kentucky...! #%
- 500,000
Michigan........ . . . . . . ...|\Kanawha and Kenova- { 800,000
Ohio. ------------------- Thacker. 200,000
- - º J. 000, 000
New York...... . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh and Panhan- 600,000
Ohio. ------------------- dle. 700,000
I, 300,000
New York.... . . . . . . . . . . . . ë - 100,000
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . }connellsville. e - - e º e - e. 1, 505, 000
|_1,605,000
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,000
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . º and West |! :º)
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . • 95,000
- 595,000
New York......... . . . . . . . º 200,000
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . }Fairmont. e - - - e º 'º- tº º º ºs • * 800,000
_1,000,000
7,000,000
z}.
United States Fuel Administration, Report of Distribution Division, Part 1.
- - Plate | 1.
LEGE N D
Map of the United States showi V tº e -
wing, by counties in each State, the average consumption per capita, in net tons, of bituminous coal used for domestic purposes in 1918

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
15
Distribution of 7,000,000 met tons of bituminous coal included in the
budget on Mar. 1, and excluded in revision of Oct. 1, 1918—Con.
Consuming states. Net tons.
Illinois. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 250,000
Indiana------------------------------------------- 500,000
Michigan------------------------------------------ 1,450,000
Ohio- - - - - ---------------------------------------- 1,000,000
New York-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - --------------------- 900,000
Pennsylvania- - - ---------------------------------- 2,400,000
Delaware. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50,000
New Jersey. -------------------------------------- 450,000
7,000,000
Other changes in the budget were made from time to
The
changes concerned mainly the shifts of tonnage from
one producing district to another and did not greatly
The
necessities of the markets more distant from the coal
fields, as New England and the Northwest, were such
that to meet the program for the supply of coal of
those localities many measures were taken during
time, for the most part prior to October 1.
effect the total allowed for consuming States.
water shipments.
budget has been incorporated in the figures given in
the tables of this report as of October 1.
The 1918–19 budget, as revised on October 1, 1918,
by States, for both bituminous coal and anthracite,
compared with receipts of coal in 1917, is shown in
the following table: -
the summer of 1918 that involved changes in the
allotments from the producing districts.
as of October 1 embodied those changes. The only
| change subsequent to that date was the reduction in
the budget for New England on November 7, 1918.
The allotment of bituminous coal for New England,
fixed in March, 1918, was for 30,000,000 net tons,
of which 20,000,000 tons was to be shipped by water
and 10,000,000 by rail. These figures included railroad
fuel and steamship bunkers at New England ports.
At the suggestion of the Federal fuel administrator for
New England, on November 7, the budget was reduced
from 30,000,000 to 27,300,000 tons of which 10,000,000
tons was to be rail shipments and 17,300,000 tons
The budget

This reduction of the New England
Receipts of bituminous coal and anthracite in 1917 and budgets for 1918, by consuming States, in met tons.
Coal received for consumption.
Budget toºl year Apr. 1, 1918–
ar. 31, 1919.
Consuming States. - - º Anthracite, pre- º Anthracite
Bituminous, ared sizes, in- Anthracite, Bituminous d sizé
e , coal team SizeS. e prepared sizes,
1917 ºn €S É.
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . ------------------------------------- 11,453,916 1,084 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15, 178,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arizona------------------------------------------------- 112,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 223,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Arkansas----------------------------------------------- 899,468 998 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 146,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
California----------------------------------------------- 890,694 1, 175 -------------- 1, 160,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Colorado------------------------------------------------ 7,380,039 477 -------------- 8, 413,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Delaware------------------------. . . . . . . ----------------- 616, 168 250, 779 23,890 786,000 275,355
District of Columbia- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867,000 590,087 18,020 1,149,000 743,456
Florida.------------------------------------------------- 303,000 9,586 9,009 273,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Georgia.------------------------------------------------- 2,616, 173 24,977 52 3, 136,000 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho--------------------------------------------------- 621,468 460 -------------- 844,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Illinois-------------------------------------------------- 42,898,458 2,639,102 167,265 44,075,000 1, 960, 655
Indiana-------------------------------------------------- 20, 559, 148 512, 234 5,056 26,638,000 318,203
Iowa----------------------------------------------------- 9,446,061 469,010 2,684 || 10, 126,000 162,400
Kansas--------------------------------------------------- 3,760,824 19, 746 928 5,067,000 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky----------------------------------------------- 6, 413,453 10, 154 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 633,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Louisiana----------------------------------------------- 1, 822,448 7,007 ||-------------- 848,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Maryland.----------------------------------------------- 4, 302,018 1,045, 557 36, 261 4, 641,000 1, 152,835
Michigan------------------------------------------------- 14,900, 261 1, 782, 145 15,930 15, 324,000 1, 345, 120
Minnesota.----------------------------------------------- 6, 536,203 1, 177, 898 149, 152 6, 949,000 1, 108,800
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - 1, 356,000 681 -------------- 1, 165,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Missouri------------------------------------------------- 12, Oll, 593 197, 882 660 13, 702,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Montana- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,066,910 9, 887 67 2, 622,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nebraska--------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 461, 842 177,610 215 3,965, 000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nevada----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 362,000 ||--------------|-------------- 569,000 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 18, 204,387 9,948, 863 809, 421 20, 680,000 11,579, 275
New Jersey-----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,857,508 5, 320, 870 4, 594, 287 8, 306,000 6, 116,078
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,445, 997 --------------|-------------- 1, 611, 000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
New York---------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,694, 166 15, 870, 681 6, 780,216 21, 116,000 17, 757,935
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,098,000 29,910 123 2,894, 000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 513, 488 271, 509 11, 750 1,086,000 224,000
io---------------------------------------------------- 38,009, 556 649, 914 18, 144 43, 147,000 275,800
Oklahoma--------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,823,013 808 -------------- 2, 122,000 - . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = * * * * 608, 278 143 -------------- 567,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 113,610 8, 109,089 5, 512,244 86, 728,000 9,040, 304
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 178,000 26, 290 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 557,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,087, 003 236,835 3,463 1, 165,000 185, 920
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,482,018 4, 423 638 6, 496, 000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Texas--------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,494, 567 7, 781 -------------- 3, 279,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Utah---------------------------------------------------- 2,213,472 |--------------|-------------- 3, 379,000 |- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Virginia-----------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 473,018 265,868 5,093 7,914,000 187,488
Washington:---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,651, 371 1, 845 -------------- 2,455,000 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 762, 673 17,490 47, 807 10,972,000 9, 195
Wisconsin--------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,561, 768 1, 343,953 201,537 9,988,000 1, 146,880
Wyoming---------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753,895 159 -------------- 948,000 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska-------------------------------------------------- 58,955 --------------|-------------. 54,000 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous, 24 States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 --------------|--------------|--------------|--------------
Total.--------------------------------------------- 365,991, 888 51,034,967 18, 413,912 || 412,096,000 53, 427, 299
* No budget on steam sizes of anthracite.
123976°–19—ºr 1–2
16
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
On November 1, at the end of the first seven months
of the coal year, the production of bituminous coal
was 365,288,000 net tons, which, compared with the
budget to that date of 375,200,000 tons, showed a
deficit of but 10,000,000 tons, or 2.6 per cent. It
should be noted, however, that the budget for the
first six months of the coal year—the summer
months—called for greater production and shipment
than did the winter budget, October 1 to March 31.
Sixty per cent of the coal allotted to New England
was scheduled to be mined in the first half of the
year—50 per cent of the time—and 80 per cent of the
coal for the Northwest via the Great Lakes was sched-
uled for shipment in the same period. Both of these
markets are large and are distant from the coal fields.
Winter storms delay and at times prevent the water
shipment of coal to New England—not infrequently
the harbors, even on Long Island Sound, are frozen
over—and storms interfere with the all-rail move-
Great Lakes are frozen over during the winter, and
cargo coal must all be transported each year in the
period between April and early December.
The budget was probably higher than actual re-
quirements would have been had not hostilities ceased,
particularly in view of the mildness of the winter of
1918–19. A real test of the figures was not had, how-
ever, for, following the signing of the armistice on
November 11, the demand for coal rapidly decreased
and in the last three months of the coal year called for
but half running time of the mines for its supply.
This decrease in demand was not entirely due to de-
crease in the consumption of coal. Industrials had
acquired large stocks of coal during the summer and
fall, and those stocks were used in preference to buy-
ing additional coal from the mines when it was ap-
parent that because of the mildness of the winter and
the cessation of war manufacturing no difficulty in the
ment through the New England gateways.
The
supply of coal was to be anticipated.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE BUDGET ALLOTMENTS TO THE PRODUCING DISTRICTS.
Production of bituminous coal in 1917 and budget for 1918, by producing districts.
& - Estimated Estimated re- Per cent
* * * * ge Production, 1917 | Per cent required produc- || Per cent º g P
District representative. Field. r § º ons). of total. "..#; j. º: * #: #*
Cameron.-------------- Central Pennsylvania.......... 59,044, 092 10. 7 67,091,000 10.8 8,046, 908 13. 6 11.2
Reimann... ---------- Northern Pennsylvania. . . . . . . 7, 381,328 l. 3 8, 786, 000 1.4 1,404, 672 19. 0 2.0
Francis---------------- Westmoreland, Greensburg,etc. 16,879, 219 3.1 18, 878,000 3.0 1,998, 781 11.8 2.8
Gardiner-------------- Pººh and Panhandle, 50, 587, 769 9. 2 53, 222,000 8.5 2, 634, 231 || 5.2 3. 7
. W 2.
Lenhart--------------- Connellsville......... . . . . . . . . . 34,596, 903 6.3 36,940, 000 5.9 2, 343,097 6.8 3.2
Brydon. -------------- Cumberland-Piedmont-Som- 13, 843, 238 2.5 15, 728,000 2.5 1,884, 762 13.6 2.6
* erset-Meyersdale.
Lawson. -------------- Fairmont------------------ . . .] 17, 567, 575 3.2 18, 950, 000 || 3.0 1,382,425 7. 9 1.9
Land.----------------- Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker 27,864, 123 5. 0 30, 176,000 4.8 2, 311, 877 8. 3 3.2
Howe.......... . . . . . . . . Pocahontas and Tug River. . . . 24, 947, 362 4.5 24, 534,000 3.9 —413, 362 | –1. 7 — . 6
Zimmerman----------- - New River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,096,036 2. 7 14,456,000 3.0 | —640,036 —4.2 — .9
Roehrig----------------| Northeast Kentucky----------. 6,453, 679 l. 2 7, 051, 000 1.1 597,321 9.3 ... 8
Hord. ---------------- Hazard. --------------------- 1, 835, 353 ... 3 2,801, 000 ... 5 965, 647 52.6 1.3
Kilgore...--------------| Southwest Virginia. -- - - - - - - - - 8,604, 318 1.6 10, 658,000 1. 7 2,053, 682 23.9 2.9
Clayton. -------------- Southeast Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . 6,381, 144 l. 2 8,395,000 1. 3 2,013, 856 31.6 2.8
Clayton.--------------- Tennessee and Georgia. . . . . . . . 6,313, 249 1. 1 7,376,000 1.2 1,062, 751 16.8 1.5
Holmes--------------- Alabama--------------------- 20,068,074 3. 6 23, 658,000 3. 8 3, 589, 926 17. 9 5.0
Hurd. ---------------- Northern Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 849, 503 4. 9 31, 239,000 5. O 4, 389,497 16.3 6.1
McKinney------------- Southern Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,098, 407 2. 6 17, 260,000 2.8 3, 161, 593 22.4 4.4
Foss. ----------------- Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 374, 805 ... 2 1, 855, 000 ... 3 480, 195 34.8 . 7
Reed.----------------- estern Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 249,480 1.9 11,687,000 1.9 1,437, 520 14.0 2.0
Hall.------------------ Indiana. -------------------- 26, 539, 329 4.8 32, 918, 000 5.3 6,378, 671 24.0 8.9
Honnold -------------- Illinois.---------------------- 86, 199,387 | 15.7 || 95,635,000 | 15.4 || 9,435, 613 | 10.9 13.1
Taylor----------------- Iowa. ----------------------- 8,965, 830 1.6 9, 780, 000 1. 6 814, 170 9. 1 1.4
Taylor----------------- Missouri---------------------- 5, 670, 549 1. 0 6, 581, 000 1. 0 910, 451 16.1 1.3
Taylor----------------- Kansas. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 184, 975 1. 3 9, 759,000 1. 7 2, 574,025 35. 8 3. 6
Taylor----------------- Arkansas. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2, 143, 579 .4 2,465,000 .4 321,421 15. 0 .4
Taylor----------------- Oklahoma-------------------. 4, 386, 844 ... 8 5, 224,000 ... 8 837, 156 T9. 1 1.2
Taylor----------------- Texas------------ - - - - - - - - - - - -] 2,355, 815 .4 2,703,000 ... 4 347, 185 14.7 . 5
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790, 548 ... 1 1,067,000 ... 2 276,452 35. 0 .4
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,042 |. . . . . . . . 10,000 - - - - - - - - 1, 958 24.3 |- - - - - - - -
Innes----------------- Montana-Northern Wyoming . . 7,028, 530 1. 3 9,037,000 1.4 2,008, 470 28. 6 2.8
Kimball. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado--------------------- 12,483,336 2. 3 14,674,000 2.4 2, 190, 664 17. 5 3.1
Van Houten. . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000, 527 ... 7 4, 743, 000 ... 8 742, 473 18. 6 1.0
Heiner.... ------------ Utah-Southern Wyoming. . . . . 9,899,008 1.8 13, 166,000 2.1 3, 266, 992 || 33.0 4.5
Oregon. --------------------. 28, 327 |- - - - - - - - 48,000 |. . . . . . . . 19, 673 69. 4 |. . . . . . . .
Botting. -------------- Washington.-----------------. 4,009, 902 ... 7 4, 839, 000 ... 8 829, 098 20. 7 1.2
California and Idaho. . . . . . . . . . 6, 423 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --|--|-- s = * = s = * * * : * * * = = -----------
Alaska----------------------- 53, 955 --------|--------------|--------|-------------|--------|- - - - - - - -
Total.-----------|------------------------------ 551, 790, 563 | 100.0 623,390,000 || 100.0 71,659, 815 13.0 100.0
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 17
The determination of the budget for an industry or
a consuming State was but the first step in the matter
of allotting the coal. The requirements must be tied
up to the source of supply, and in that due considera-
tion must be taken of the requirements for special
grades of coal. For instance, Illinois produces suffi-
cient coal in quantity for the consuming needs of the
State, but for the by-product plants, the malleable-
iron works, and the gas plants coal of a kind not pro-
duced in Illinois is required.
When the estimated requirements of States and
industries had been completed, the quantities were
divided among the several producing fields that, be-
cause of the quality of coal produced, or of the prox-
imity of the field to the market, could be called upon
to supply the coal, with due consideration of the
capacity of each field to produce, of the local trans-
portation situation, and of the Zone outlines estab-
lished to insure the supply of markets from the near-
est fields.
In the preceding table is given, for each of the sev-
eral separate producing districts recognized, the out-
put in 1917 and the total allotment for the coal year
1918–19. Tables showing the allotments of each pro-
ducing district to each State and such industries as
the railroads, not allotted by States, are given in full
in Part III.
The budget set the standard of performance re-
quired, and was modified only when changes in require-
ments had been fully demonstrated or the figures were
obviously in error. The zones, described in full in
Part II, were the tools by which the flow of coal
required by the budget was directed and controlled.
..Modifications of the zones were frequent, because to
maintain the desired movement to a certain locality
it was often necessary to restrict the market territory
of one producing district and enlarge others. The
problems that arose in the administration of the dis-
tribution of coal and the part played in their solution
by the zones are fully described in Part II. .
The organization of the distribution division and
the operation of its various bureaus and sections will
be described later in this part of the report.
ABILITY TO MEET REQUIREMENTs.
RESERVES.
There are needed to supply coal to consumers (1)
reserves of unmined coal, (2) developed mines, (3)
labor, and (4) transportation. Each of these will now
be discussed in its relation to the problems of distri-
bution of coal to meet the requirements of the United
States in the war. It will be shown that the United
States has ample reserves of coal; has developed mines
with capacity to produce exceeding the capacity to
consume or the demand for coal; in 1917 and 1918,
had ample labor at the bituminous mines, but was
short of labor in the anthracite fields; and, finally,
that great difficulty was experienced by the railroads
in delivering the coal to the consumers from the mines
and in supplying the bituminous mines with trans-
portation commensurate with their capacity to pro-
duce and load coal.
The reserves of coal in the United States are tre-
mendous. It is estimated by geologists that one-half
of the unmined reserves of the world are in the United
States and that the reserves in the Appalachian fields
in the eastern United States are equal to the total
reserves in Europe and Great Britain. There has been
no question as to the extent of coal below ground in
this country, and lack of coal to mine, at no place
and in no respect, was a limitation in the war pro-
gram. Some of the fields, howevér, are nearer ex-
haustion than others, notably the anthracite and the
higher-grade districts in the eastern fields. The ex-
tent of the estimated reserves and the exhaustion to
the end of 1917 are given in the table on page 18.
PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY of DEVELOPED MINEs.
The anthracite mines have been more nearly
worked to capacity in the past decade than the
bituminous mines. The policy adopted by the anthra-
cite operators in 1903 of summer reductions in the
prices of coal has uniformly resulted in inducing the
householder to store coal in his cellar during the
Summer months and had enabled the operator to run
his mines during the same period when consumption
of anthracite is at its lowest.
On the other hand, the demand for bituminous coal
is normally comparatively light from April to Septem-
ber, and the mines and miners are idle during a large
part of the time in many fields, and less active in all
fields, than in the winter. The average number of
days the bituminous coal mines and the anthracite
mines are worked each year is reported by the Geo-
logical Survey. After taking out the Sundays and
national holidays, there remain 304 working days in
a year. Excepting only 1906, the anthracite mines
have averaged more than 200 days a year, reaching
285 days in 1917 and 293 in 1918. Since 1908 the
anthracite mines have each year operated more days
than the bituminous mines. The best record at-
tained in the bituminous fields was in 1918—249
days—a figure exceeded in the anthracite region in
1913, 1916, 1917, and 1918. In other words, the
bituminous industry is developed sufficiently to supply
the normal annual demand by operating 70 per cent
of the possible working days, an average of a little
over four days a week. If the production each year
I8 - |REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
be divided by the average number of days worked,
and the result, considered the average daily capacity
to produce, multiplied by 304 (the possible number of
working days in a year) the product obtained may be
considered the annual capacity of the developed
mines with the labor available each year. On the
diagram (fig. 1) is shown the annual production of
bituminous coal from 1906 to 1918 and the annual
capacity calculated in this way. Although pro-
duction has varied up and down, capacity has shown
a steady upward tendency, keeping pace with the
development of industry.
Original and present quantity of coal in the United States, production of the mines in 1917, and total production from the beginning of coal min-
ing to the present time, in met tons.
[From Professional Paper 100-A, U. S. Geological Survey, by M. R. Campbell, revised to 1917.|

Estimate of the original tonnage.
Province, region, or field. Anthracite
and semian-
thracite.
Bituminous
Coal-
Semibitu.
minous coal.
Subbituſhinous
coal.
Produc-
tion in
Total coal of 1917.
all ranks.
Total produc- Estimated sup-
tion to end of ply within 3,000
1917. feet of surface.
Lignlte.
Eastern province:
Anthracito region (Penn-
sylvania) • * is tº sº se as s. ſº º ºs s sº s 21,000,000,000 tº º ºs º º 'º º gº gº tº º º 'º e º ºs º º tº º tº º ſº tº e º Gº ºn tº tº & tº º ºs & ſº tº º ſº º ſº tº º tº gº dº º Le º gº º e º gº tº gº - tº º • gº tº e
Atlantic coastregion—in-
cludes Richmond ba-
sin, Virginia and North
Carolina, not now pro-
ducing-----------------
Appalachian region—
ennsylvania, Mary-
land, western half of
Virginia, West Vir-
#. Öhio. eastern
entucky, fennessee,
Georgia, and Alabama-|-------------- 48,487,200,000
150,000,000 150,000,000
600,000,000 * * * * * * * tº e º 'º º e g º ºs º º ºs e º º ºs e º 'º - tº se e º 'º
502,411,600,000|.........
21,000,000,000. 99,335,000 2,813,426,071. 16,780, 137,169
900,000,000........... 477,125. 799,000,000
550,898,800,000,358,356,429. 6,248,995,520, 541,523,610,108
21,150,000,00048,637,200,000
503,011,600,000|- - - - - - - - -
572,798,800,000457,691,429 9,062,898,716 559,102,747,277
Interior province:
Northern and Eastern re-
gions—Michigan, Illi-
nois, Indiana, and
Western Kentucky.----|--------------|--- tº me ſº º ºs e ºs º ºs º º
Western and southwest-
ornregions-Iowa, Mis-
Souri, Kansas, Okla-
homa, Arkansas, and
Texas----------------- 400,000,000 1,226,300,000
321,990,800,000|........ & º 'º dº º e º º tº e º ºs e º sº a ſº e º e º gº º
206,282,200,000 |.........
321,990,800,000|124,417,944, 1,744,313, 171] 319,373,325,810
207,908,500,000 30,707,592 657,905,554| 207,919,699,161
400,000,000 1,226,300,000
528,273,000,000|-........
529,899,300,000155,125,536 2,412,728,685| 550,367,024,971
Gulf province:1, Portion of
Texas and of Louisiana,
Arkansas, and Mississippi;
no production except for
Texas * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s tº º ºs º e º e º 'º e º 'º e º 'º º 'º º tº ſº |s e e s ee e s - e > → • * tº dº º ºs º º ºs º º sº tº gº & º ºs º e e º e º sº gº e º ºs
Northern Great Plains prov-
ince and Rocky Mountain
rovince: North Dakota,
Ontana, South Dakota,
Wyoming, Colorado, New
México, Útah, and idaho...] 503,000,000..............
Pacific coast province: Wash-
ington, Oregon, and Cali-
fornia-------------------------------------------------
400,193,000,000
11,439,000,000
tº gº º ſº e º 'º gº 23,090,000,000
997,831,100,000,964,424,000,0002,362,951,100,000 34,209,991
53,458,900,000|...............
23,090,000,000-----------|---------------|-----------------
531,310,7942,361,654,486,408
64,897,900,000. 4,044,652] 2 124,543,006| 64,770,579,148
|22,053,000,000
49,863,500,000|1,442,916,600,000||1,051,290,000, wºsºl, 000,000|3,553,637,100,000|651,071,608°12,131,481, 2013,535,894,837,804
1 Production included in Interior province.
2 Includes production of Nevada and Idaho
3 A total production of 12,131,481,000 tons is assumed to mean an exhaustion of about 50 per cent more, or 18,197,221,000 tons.
Another measure of the productive capacity is
found in the number and size of developed commercial
mines. By developed commercial mines is meant
those mines with underground development, with
haulage ways and working faces, with tipples over
which to dump the coal, and usually but not always
having either railroad or river transportation. Such
mines are not opened and equipped in a day. It is
only from such mines that coal can be produced and
labor used efficiently. As distinguished from the com-
mercial mines are the “country banks” and “wagon
mines,” openings in the hillsides in the coal regions
from each of which in boom periods comes a small
quantity of coal, obtained, however, at a cost in labor
exceeding that in the commercial mines.
The following table from the records of the Geologi-
cal Survey shows the number of bituminous coal
mines in the United States in 1913, the latest normal
prewar year, and in 1917, classified by sizes. In
the four years from 1913 to 1917, in fact, from 1915
to 1917, because 1914 was a slack year in which
development of new mines was restricted, the number
of commercial mines increased from 5,776 to 6,909, or
19 per cent. The number of mines with an average
annual production of more than 10,000 tons increased,
however, only 16 per cent, from 4,048 to 4,716.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. 19

&OO
©OO
(ſ) --T -
2
3 Boo N - -
H. T12 Z
|- p8 N-
in-l **
Z 4OO - 2-
la- 2
O -
2 500
Sº
—l
=!
> 200
|OO
O { m
1906 1907 1908 1909 191O 191 1912 1915 1914, 1915 1916 1917 1918
FIG. 1.-Diagram of production and capacity of bituminous coal mines in the United States by years 1906–18.
Production of bituminous coal in the United States, by sizes of mines, 1913 and 1917, in met tons.
Mines. Production.
Number. Percentage. Total. Average per mine. Percentage.
1913. 1917 1913 1917 1913 - 1917 1913 1917 1913 1917
First class "... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 792 12. 0 11.5 241,463,241 285,365, 741 || 347, 930 || 360, 310 50. 6 51.9
Second class *------- - - - - - - - - - - 837 914 14.5 13.2 118, 475, 544 129,485, 524 141, 548 141, 669 24.8 23.5
Third class *- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 959 | 1,044 16. 6 15.1 69,018, 483 74, 894, 269 71,969 71, 738 14.4 13. 6
Fourth class *. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 558 | 1,966 27.0 28.5 42,292,052 51, 596,000 27, 145 25,850 8.9 9.4
Fifth class ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 728 2, 193 29.9 || 31.7 6, 280,271 8,824,023 3, 635 4,024 1.3 1.6
5,776 6, 909 100.0 100.0 477, 529, 591 550, 165,557 82, G.75 79, 630 100.0 100.0

1 Mines producing over 200,000 tons.
#:::::::::::::::::::#;º.”
The table following, from data furnished by the
Railroad Administration, shows more strikingly the
increase in the number and capacity of bituminous
coal mines in recent years. The railroads customarily
:: the ratings of coal mines in cars per day as a basis
for equitable car distribution. Two kinds of rating
are recognized—development rating and established
rating. According to the rules of the Railroad
Administration—a
A rating for development purposes based on current performance
will be assigned to a new operation in previously undeveloped
4 Mines producing from 10,000 to 50,000 tons.
B Mines producing less than 10,000 tons.
coal. A new mine will be furnished with a supply of cars sufficient
to enable it to work freely in the course of development for a period
not exceeding three months after shipments are begun, providing
that if theretofore its ability to load 150 tons per day is established
it shall then be rated. A new operation of any other character
shall be entitled to a development rating for a period of one month
after shipments are begun.
Established ratings are based upon the ability to
load determined from actual performance over a
period of time, usually 10 to 30 days. The number
of mines on development rating, that is, new mines,
increased from 190 on January 1, 1916, to 840 on
20 - REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
January 1, 1918, and the rating in cars for these mines
from 583 per day to 2,364 per day. The number of
mines with established ratings increased from 3,456
on January 1, 1916, to 5,317 on January 1, 1918,
and their rating in cars per day from 42,941 to 57,604.
In the two years, 1916 and 1917, the number of tipple
mines increased almost 70 per cent and their capacity,
measured by railroad rating, nearly 40 per cent.
There was, in addition, an unknown but large increase
in the number of small capacity wagon mines. It
will be noted also that the average rating declined
from 12 cars per day per mine on January 1, 1916,
to 10 cars per day two years later.
The point it is desired to emphasize in this discus-
sion is that development had proceeded faster than
production. Production of bituminous coal in 1916
was 503,000,000 net tons; in 1918, 579,000,000 tons,
an increase of 15 per cent, compared with an increase
in railroad rated capacity of tipple mines alone, of 40
per cent, at the beginning of the two years.
Number of bituminous coal tipple mines and their rating in cars per day as reported by the railroads, 1916–1918.
:
JAN. 1, 1916.
Developing rating. Established rating. Total.
Group. - tº gº
Mines. CarS. Mines. Cars. Nº. Of Rººg IIT
1. Pennsylvania, Maryland, and northern West Virginia. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 37 59 1,378 13, 357 1,415 13,416
2. Southern West Virginia------------------------------------------------ 71 90 517 8, 141 588 8,231
3. Ohio and Pennsylvania Lake coal group-------------------------------. 10 30 362 5, 578 372 5,608
4. Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan----------------------------------------- 8 65 315 7, 522 323 7, 587
5. Southeastern States--------------------------------------------------- 19 168 261 2,272 280 2,440
6. Western States--------------------------------------------------------- 45 171 623 6,071 668 6, 242
Total.------------------------------------------------------------- 190 583 || 3,456 || 42,941 3,646 43,524
JAN. 1, 1917
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and northern West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 255 1, 590 | 15, 544 1,699 15, 799
Southern West Virginia.------------------------------------------------ 27 121 638 7,905 665 8,026
Ohio and Pennsylvania Lake coal group- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32 86 512 6,654 544 6, 740
Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan-------------- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25 124 381 || 9,408 406 || 9, 532
. Southeastern States------------------------4-------------------------- 86 492 543 4,487 629 4,979
... Western States--------------------------------------------------------- 79 248 894 9, 834 973 10,082
Total.------------------------------ ~ 358 | 1,326 4, 558 53,832 || 4,916 55, 158
JAN. 1, 1918
1. Pennsylvania, Maryland, and northern West Virginia- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 337 634 1,937 17,031 2, 274 17,665
2. Southern West Virginia------------------------------------------------ 56 295 745 8,086 801 8, 381
3. Ohio and Pennsylvania Lake coal group-------------------------------- 95 215 611 7, 359 706 7, 574
4. Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan----------------------------------------- 64 265 387 | 10,080 451 | 10, 345
5. Southeastern States--------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 174 588 613 4, 897 787 5,485
6. Western States-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 114 367 1,024 10, 151 1, 138 10,518
Total. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 840 2,364 5, 317 | 57,604 || 6, 157 59,968
Although the number of anthracite mines has shown mine labor as to interfere with production. Labor in



no such notable increase, the capacity of the region
to produce has been maintained by increases in the
size of the units and the extent of underground
development.
THE SUPPLY OF LABOR.
As it was clear that no limitation to the production
of coal would come from the lack of underground
reserves or of developed and equipped mines, there
was to be considered next the supply of mine labor.
In round numbers, three-quarters of a million men
are employed in and about the anthracite and bitu-
minous coal mines, exclusive of office force and coke
workers.
In 1917 it was feared that voluntary enlistments
and the operation of the draft law would so deplete
the anthracite region was scarce and was limiting
production. War industries paying large wages en-
ticed men away from the anthracite mines. The
Pennsylvania spirit of ’61 pervaded the region and
thousands volunteered for the Army, even before the
United States entered the war. In 1917, and par-
ticularly in 1918, the mines were short handed. In
round numbers, the number of men employed in the
production of anthracite had declined year by year
from a maximum in 1914 of 180,000 to 177,000
in 1915, 160,000 in 1916, to 154,000 in 1917, and
147,000 in 1918.
The budget for anthracite in the coal year 1918–19
was placed at 100,000,000 net tons, not because that
represented the estimated maximum requirements but
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
21
|O
O
because it was believed that with the steadily decreas-
ing man power in the mines a record as good as that
of 1917 was all that could be expected. The eager and
patriotic spirit in which the anthracite miners and
laborers tackled the job of equaling the high record of
1917 would have won out had it not been for the
severity with which the influenza epidemic affected the
region. The demand for anthracite continued strong
until the middle of January, 1919, even after the
armistice and the demand for bituminous coal had
slumped. The mildness of the winter prevailed to off-
set the lack of output resulting from depleted man
power and a shortage in the winter of 1918–19 was
averted. -
1917
Oct.
|Sºl 3
NOV. DE.C. JAN. FEE, NMAR. AFRL, NMAY
º JUNE
e is zo 27 s ſo 17 24 1 & 15 ºz. 29 5 12 is £e 2 9 IG 23 2 9 13 2.5 SO 3 13 20 ºf 4 II is stº 1 & 15 22.29 G is zo 27 S to i7 &4 s, 7 14 zi 2s 5 12 is go 2 e la ºs So 7 tº 21 28 4 Il 16 25 i e us ºº 1 e 15 ºz º.º.
- ... FTII* **, * - - - - + ††, , ... s. s. *.*** * *- :
losses, and it is perhaps an open question whether the
loss of good labor from the coal mines was not as
general to other lines of industry as to the Army.
Men lost to the bituminous coal mines were replaced,
if not by experienced help, at least by inexperienced.
The total number of men employed in the production
of bituminous coal was no less in 1918 than in 1917,
and if the replacement of old by new ‘‘diluted” the
labor, no loss in efficiency is indicated in the records
for 1918. On the contrary, the average number of tons
of bituminous coal produced per man per day, a meas-
ure of the efficiency of labor, increased from 3.77 in
1917 to 3.78 in 1918, compared, however, with the
higher figures of 3.90 tons in 1916 and 3.91 tons in 1915.
ſSIS)
JULY AUG. SEPT. Oct. NON/. DE.C. JAN. FEE).
NAAR,
Sººpſ. 3 : *, *
. … . . . . .
*-****.*.*.
*… * *
/los? — accour,7° of
Cor shorzage
Alos? -occour?? of
o// of Ayer cov se is
Nºes. — accoor>7° of
ºz osy – accoor” of
Śro/pe a/s26/7 y
§ roo roor/re?
% Zlos7 – occoa/r27° of
%. s/oorºoge
oracy s7°r//ſes
FIG. 2.-Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of all bituminous coal mines in the United States, and percentages of losses of running time, by causes and by weeks, from October 6,
1917, to March 29, 1919,
A-Procº/ceo/
The situation with respect to supply of labor in the
bituminous coal mines was generally opposite of that
in anthracite region. It was apprehended in 1917 that
the operation of the draft would interfere with the
production of bituminous coal, not because of a reduc-
tion of total men available but because of the selection
of the younger and more active, who by reason of their
physical qualifications were employed in such “key”
positions as engineers and motormen, where none but
young and active men can qualify. No class exemp-
tion was made for such employees of coal mines,
and it is not recorded to what extent individual ex-
emptions were claimed or obtained on that score.
Certainly the selection in the draft of men thus oc-
cupied disorganized to some extent the forces of the
mines. Production was maintained despite such
Complaint that mine labor was unnecessarily absent
in 1918 was not infrequently made, the reason generally
assigned being that wages were sufficiently high to
permit men to obtain a living by Working part time.
Whether this was so or not, it is questioned whether
absenteeism was practised to such an extent as to have
reduced the total output of bituminous coal in 1918.
In normal times an average of five days a week's em-
ployment in the bituminous mines is the exception
rather than the rule and wages are scaled up accord-
ingly. -
In 1917 and 1918 the mine labor was not given
opportunity to work six days a week. The running
time reported week by week in the period from Octo-
ber, 1917, to March, 1919, shown in the diagram (fig. 2)
shows that for the United States as a whole, with the


22
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
even though cars may have been available in which
to load the coal, resulting from lack of sufficient men
but losses that prevented operation of the tipple,
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exception of a few weeks, car shortage was the princi-
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overavo,agº aparºz"
var
Ava aºtaºz/7"M"
va
avºr Jaroarrºde
yyafarz,jº
ãº.
in 1918.
A.
y
"evere |: Javo/v724&
.—Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coalmines in the northeast-
ern and Hazard districts, Kentucky, and percentages of losses of running time,
by causes and by weeks
IG. 8
or that had the losses not been attributable to labor,
the average for which in 1918 was around 3 per cent,
production would have been greater by that amount,
F
Part III of the report and shown in dia-
grams in figures 3 to 18.
given in
Losses of operating time pecause of labor shortage
district, Pennsylvania, and percentages of losses of running time, by causes and
or strikes, losses not due to individual absenteeism,
by weeks, in 1918.





DISTRIBUTION OF
COAL AND
CORE.
23
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24 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
they would have been chargeable to car shortage.
Had losses on account of labor shortage been less, car
shortage would have been higher, and had car short-
*
tº: > !s
S.
§ $ $ $ $
O
O
• SºrioSRN tººls eºsis. Sºos & Nºsºtsiosºs
Sc e w
S
N
...
5
:
2
O
| O
sº
O
"ºvere
gaorzºccoºrººz Gaº oyzºccoa/arr oar złęcºayz" ºr §§ : y- *::::::: oz
|: à: sº §§of Aroazaare amºa, causes -
FIG. 16.-Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Towa, Mis-
Souri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas, and percentages of losses of
running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918. -
age been less, labor shortage would have been greater.
Time was lost at mines when cars were at hand because
of labor not working, and during 1917 and the first
§§
º
| | | Ili
.
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- " .. " ri :
º º:
| . . .
º
}
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a . . . . . . º D : ". . . . . . . ; ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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º º
ſº
70 -
"| | | | .
“,
t . . º
ſ
º
E
º
- ... 'H'. . .
|.'; . 5
|
19
|
|
Produce |: occount of
3Lost- occount of s Lost-occount of [...] Lost occount or Lost - occo, sº cr
cor shortage rnor-ket al
labor 5 horroqe mune disabili ºi no | other couses
ord :::::::: ty
FIG. 17. Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in the Rocky
Mountain and Pacific coast fields, and percentages of losses of running time, by
causes and by weeks, in 1918.
three-quarters of 1918 many mines had empty cars
left over at the close of the day, in some instances
because the railroad had delivered more than the
Q0.
60
40
50
ii.i
O
|: -account.of
car shortage
Lºcaela
FIG. 18.-Diagram of percentage of full-time operation of coal mines in Ohio, and
percentages of losses of running time, by causes and by weeks, in 1918.
lost-account of NZost-account of All&ost-account of IT/oºt-9ccount of
/aborºf" (Smune ºsa&ſj. Bijno market. |]}} #: Cquges
*/kºg
rated number, but more often because the mines on
those days were shorthanded.
It was to make clear to the individual miner and
mine laborer his personal responsibility, and to show
him how individual slackness was interfering with out-
put, that a production bureau of the Fuel Adminis-
tration was organized in June, 1918. The work of
that bureau, which was not a part of the Distribution
Division, is described elsewhere in the report of the
Fuel Administration's activities.
The following statistics give a measure of the effect
of absenteeism on production in a few instances.
Performance of labor at a group of mines in one field during July, 1918.
At 175 mines. At 13 strip pits.
Number of day men on pay roll. . . . . . . . . 9, 818 788
Average number of day men working
each day---------------------------- 8, 729 659
Average percentage of day men work-
ing-------------------------------- 89 84
Number of miners on payroll. . . . . . . . . . 16, 273 |- - - - - - - - - - - -
Average number of miners in the mine
each day---------------------------- 14, 186 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Average º of miners reporting
for work each day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 ------------
Possible number of working hours in
the month for miners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 141, 701 99,426
Men-hours actually worked by miners. . 2, 549,686 81,997
Percentage of possible hours actually
Worked-----------------------------. 81 82
Hours lost by miners because of mine
closed account of strike, or all men
refusing to Work---------.... . . . . . . . . . 70,656 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Percentage-------------------- - - - - - - - 2.3 |------------
Hours lost by miners because of failure
of individuals to work the full num-
ber of hours the mine was operated. . . 521, 358 17,428
Percentage. -------------------------- 16. 6 17. 6
Total hours lost by miners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592,014 17,428
Percentage. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18.8 17. 6
Record of absenteeism at a group of mines, in 1918 and 1919.
IPercentages of men absent.
By causes.
Total Tons
Vaca- Men
Month. cºy & *. à. º º:
roll. | Total. Sick #: *: lost. ITlall.
l wº y
; :ºlº
strikes. and no
* Cal ISO
sº given.
1918 º
June. . . . 2,850 | 19.1 | 1.9 2. 1 || 14.9 |11, 925 63,081 5.29
July----. 2, 690 15.4 2.3 5.9 | 12.8 |10, 274 |50, 698 || 4.93
Sept. . . . 2,039 || 18.0 2.5 .3 | 15.2 || 7,566 |40, 111 || 5.30
Oct.------ 2, 261 || 31.4 15.9 .9 || 17.7 |16, 164 75,490 4.67
Dec. . . . . 3, 373 22. 1 || 5.9 .7 | 16.0 |12,739 |58, 920 4.63
1919 -
Jan. . . . .] 3, 238 15.4 3.2 2.6 9.6 |10, 832 |44,819 4, 14
Feb. . . . . 3, 191 14.8 2.2 || 4, 7 || 8.3 || 7,063 ||37,839 5.38
Statistics of labor supply, showing the number of
men on the pay roll, classified by kinds of employment,
at six-months' intervals from January 1, 1917, to
January 1, 1919, will be found in Part III.
TRANSPORTATION.
The importance of transportation as a limiting
factor in the production and distribution of coal and
coke is fully brought out in the report on the Zone






this United States Fuel Administration. Report of Distribution Division, Part I. - Plates II i, IV, V, VI.
8||00
8||
70%
{{||
5||
40%
30||
2]]]
|0|0
in HMMY MAlth APill MAY In my AllSI SIFIEMI IIH NIWEMāºf Jºſif * *
II]. Diagram showing the number of eastbound carloads above normal on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, east of Parkersburg, W. Va., and Pittsburgh, Pa., as reported by
this - - the United States Railroad Administration.
6||||}
5]]]
4||
3||||
2||
|||ſ.
ſ - - .
º FEHill|ARY MAll: APHſ. MAY J|Ni |Y Alſº jST SEPTEMiłł |I|| NOWEMHER [][EMBER º FEHill|Ally
IV. Diagram showing the number of eastbound carloads above normal on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, west of Parkersburg, W. Va., and Pittsburg, Pa., as reported by the
[AlS United States Railroad Administration.
Aſſiſ
&M
3||||
25ſſ
2||
|5||
III]
5||
0 %
JANJAfty FEHill|A||Y MAR}}| APHIL MAY J|Ni J||Y A||||SF SEPTEM}{f |||}|0}{R N|WEMBER |HEMHEff JANARY FEHillſARY
||8 - - |}}}
V. Diagram showing the approximate number of carloads of bituminous coal delayed on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad for movement through Cincinnati, as reported by
the United States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919.
^
zº.” *-
£AH3
300
200 | - T
|06 * *
JANARY fiBillMRY MAR}}| APHL MAY J||Nº. J||Y Allſ||ST SiFTEMiſt 05:05Eil even ºn ºn
|9|8 -
VI. Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal above normal in the Cincinnati yards for movement north, as reported by the United States Railroad Admin.
istration, January, 1918—February, 1919.
FEHMRY



DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. 25
system (Part II of this report). The degree to which
production was limited by inadequate railroad facili-
ties is shown by the diagrams (Figs. 2–18) in the pre-
ceding pages of this section of the report and by the
statistics in Part III. These statistics, showing losses
of operating time at the mines, do not disclose fully
the difficulties in the distribution of coal which are
interposed by the lack of transportation. In many,
if not in most, instances the lack of empty cars at the
mines was not the original cause of the difficulty but
the result of other limiting factors. The railroads in
1917 and 1918 were burdened with greatly increased
traffic, not equally distributed; because they lacked
adequate motive power and rolling stock to care for
the increase and because terminal and classification
facilities were insufficient to permit handling the freight
congestion resulted; on some lines it was a physical im-
possibility to get enough trains over the tracks to take
care of the freight offered. The resultant delays in
movement prevented for a time the service to coal
that the needs of the country demanded.
That the root of the trouble was in the movement
and handling of freight was early recognized by the
Railroad Administration, and within a few weeks after
the Government took over the railroads a system of
daily telegraphic situation reports was inaugurated
that covered every important phase of the transporta-
tion problem and gave prompt notice of changes,
whether for better or worse, at all important trans-
portation centers. Some of these data are presented
graphically in the accompanying figures (Plates III–
XVII). The most striking features in the situation
portrayed by these diagrams were the abnormal ac-
cumulations of carloads of freight on such important
trunk lines as the Pennsylvania, Baltimore & Ohio,
New York Central, and Erie, in the early months of
1918, and the general absence of such accumulations
after the first half of the year. The troubles, having
been localized, were largely removed by the last
quarter of 1918.
Other efforts to minimize the congestion of coal
freight at terminals and to facilitate the movement
and distribution of bituminous coal were the Tide-
water Coal Exchange,and Lake pools, known in 1918
as the Lake Coal and Ore Exchange (both agencies be-
gun in the summer of 1917 and made a part of the
program of the Fuel and Railroad Administrations in
1918), the Cando Coal Forwarding Bureau, operating
at the Russell yards (Ohio) of the Chesapeake & Ohio
Railway on westbound shipments of coal, and the
Terminal Coal Association, operating principally at
Columbus, Cleveland, Toledo, and Detroit.
The adoption of the zoning system represented the
supreme effort of the Railroad Administration to over-
come the transportation tangle in connection with coal,
and this means, assisted by the pooling of open-top
equipment, enabled operating officials of the railroads,
with the cooperation of the Distribution Division of
the Fuel Administration, once the machinery was in
smooth running order, better to serve the coal mines
with cars and the consumers with coal, and to forecast
and prepare in advance to meet difficult situations.
So closely did the officials of the two administrations
work, and so effective were the measures employed,
that the results surprised all. The Director of Opera-
tions of the Railroad Administration in May, when pro-
duction of bituminous coal was averaging 11,500,000
tons a week, believed that 11,800,000 tons was the
highest that could be expected in 1918, as the railroads
were believed to have reached their maximum capacity.
Within a month records of 12,500,000 tons a week were
reached, and in July, and again in September, the
13,000,000-ton mark was passed. (See Fig. 20, page
37.) -
The zones, pools, and other schemes all contributed
to make possible this remarkable performance of the
railroads in the summer of 1918, but all the orders
from headquarters would have availed little had not
the man on the road caught the spirit of these orders
and given them life and purpose. From its prewar
place as deferred freight, coal, under the necessities
of war, was elevated to front rank, and when this new
idea had permeated down to every railroad man, coal
moved.
THE DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
ORGANIZATION.
In the early months of its operation that part of
the Fuel Administration concerned with the distribu-
tion of coal suffered from lack of organization. Many
able men had responded to the call for assistance, in
August and September, 1917, and joined this part
of the administration at Washington; men experienced
mainly in the selling of coal, however, and not versed
in the organization of a large machine for distributing
millions of tons of coal each week to thousands of con-
sumers. Perhaps in the beginning the magnitude of
the task was not realized. Efforts to organize the
work and direct the efforts of the workers did not
begin until December, 1917, and were hardly complete
three months later.
The most urgent necessity was a personnel working
along definite lines, competent to develop the ways
and means of carrying out the program, but before
the personnel could be assembled the general scheme
of organization had to be determined. Decentraliza-
tion of work was adopted as a principle, and even before
the skeleton of an organization was erected at Wash-
ington, field agents known as district representatives,
were appointed in the various coal fields. These
district representatives, appointed by the Fuel Ad-
ministrator, were men recommended for the work by
26 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
the operators in each field because of their special
knowledge; in many instances the secretaries of the
local operators' associations or trade bureaus. These
officers were the representatives of the operators, as
the State administrators were the representatives of
the consumers. . -
The distribution division was created as one of the
three major branches of the Fuel Administration, the
other two branches being the adminstrative and oil
divisions. The scheme of organization, as shown in
the diagram (Plate XIX), provided for five bureaus,
of which that dealing with bituminous coal and coke
had the largest administrative responsibility. The
Bureau of State Distribution was in reality a liaison
committee between the Bureau of Bituminous Coal
and the Bureau of State Organizations of the Adminis-
trative Division. The titles of the other bureaus and
sections explain their general duties, and in the follow-
ing pages of this report the work of each is described
in detail.
POLICY AND PROGRAM.
The budget, the zones, and the organization de-
scribed were the machinery by which the distribution
division undertook to solve the many problems in-
volved in fueling the Nation in the most critical year
of the world war and the year of most active participa-
tion by the United States. Two fundamental questions
were involved: The readjustment of the geographic
distribution of coal, and the realignment of distribu-
tion as between users, roughly as between those classed
as “preferred,” because engaged in furthering the war
program, and those not “preferred.” The initiation
in the matter of geographic distribution lay with the
Fuel Administration, but as regards priority of use,
the War Industries Board, by direction of the Presi-
dent, was made responsible.
The problem of geographic distribution of coal,
because it was for the Fuel Administration to solve
and because it was the sooner recognized and met,
will be discussed first. The production of bituminous
coal in the United States in 1917 was nearly 50,000,000
tons, or about 10 per cent, greater than in 1916. This
increase was not equally divided, however. In the
far Northwest the production in Washington had.in-
creased 32 per cent; in the Rocky Mountain region
(Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and
Utah) production had increased 14 per cent; in the
Great Plains region west of the Mississippi (North
Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas,
and Texas) the increase was 16 per cent. The total
in quantity west of the Mississippi was 9,382,000 tons,
or about 19 per cent of the total increase for the coun-
try. East of the Mississippi, Illinois, Indiana, and
western Kentucky gained nearly 29,000,000 tons, or
31 per cent, in 1917, which represented two-thirds of
the total gain in the country.
eastern Kentucky, tributary to the market in this
central region, had an increase in 1917 of 6,244,000
Ohio, Michigan, and
| tons, or 12 per cent over 1916. In the South, Alabama
recorded a gain of 11 per cent, and Tennessee about 1
per cent. The bituminous coal fields of Pennsylvania,
Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia, from which
comes the supply for New England, the North Atlantic
States, a part of the Southern States bordering the
Atlantic, a considerable portion of the Northwest via
the Great Lakes, Canada, and the supply for the Navy
and shipping at the North Atlantic ports as well as
the bulk of the foreign exports—coal fields furnishing
the supply of highest-grade coals in the United States—
had an increase, in contrast to the gains in the West,
of but 2,801,000 tons, or 1 per cent.
In the eastern and northeastern section of the United
States is the greatest concentration of industrial ac-
tivity. The munitions contracts of the Allies in 1915
and 1916 were largely with establishments in Penn-
Sylvania and to the north and east, and in that section
were placed, in the early months of 1917 the greater
part of the war orders of the United States Govern-
ment. Production of war material requires coal, and
the operation of the vast war-munitions industry on
two and three shifts a day and Sundays piled up re-
quirements in the eastern seaboard territory to an
alarming figure.
The limiting factor in this eastern situation was
transportation. The bituminous coal fields supplying
this eastern consuming territory by all-rail routes are
in central and western Pennsylvania, in western Mary-
land, and northern West Virginia, with the Appala-
chian chain of mountains intervening. To get the
coal from the mines to the factories the trains pass
through a few gateways, and the physical limitations
imposed by these “bottlenecks” prevented an unlimit-
ed flow of coal. These same gateways were required
also in 1917 and 1918 to accommodate vast quantities
of other materials passing from the west to the east;
food stuffs, iron and steel and other raw and manufac-
tured products; troops, and the coal to operate the rail-
roads themselves. That section of the United States
east of a line from the Canadian border on the north,
south along the Hudson to Schenectady passing west
to Binghamton, N. Y., and Williamsport, Pa., through
Altoona and Harrisburg, and south to Baltimore, is
more densely populated, and supports greater in-
dustrial and railway activities than any other portion
of the United States. The movement of bituminous
coal through these congested rail gateways in 1917
was in round numbers 66,000,000 tons. The require-
ments for 1918 were estimated at 72,300,000 tons, an
increase of 9 per cent. To provide the transportation
was the problem of the United States Railroad Admin-
istration; to provide the coal was the problem of the
distribution division of the Fuel Administration.
How well both succeeded, working hand in hand, is
shown by the fact that when the armistice was declared
New England, farthest from the mines, with an aver-
age of 20 weeks' supply, was literally gorged with soft
United States Fuel Administration, Report of Distribution Division, Part I. . Plates VII, VI I I, IX, X, XI,
{A:\S
Fºlſº
iſſ
500 % *
ſ ^ - A wall...A. A elºw.l., 2. d–2–23–
JANARY fijill|ARY MARSH APill MAY J|NE J||Y A|l\I $ffſimilifl 0}IDEER NNEMHER Tºmºh * FEHill'ARY
18|9. -
VII, Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal above normal in the Columbus yards for movement north, as reported by the United States Railroad Adminis-
tration, January, 1918—February, 1919.
ºMºs
Eiſlſ)
|||ſ, - - - - ~A →h— 1 A
500 Z //Z % * Af F. . %
0. % % % - - % - % &
* FijillºńY MARSH APłill MAY JUNE J|Y. Ajllºſ SiPſi Mºiſt [[I]ffil NNEMBER DfEEMEil JANARY FEER!!ARY
|9|8 |||}
VIII. Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal forwarded north, by days, through Cincinnati, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January,
1918—February, 1919,
TARS
Hiſ'ſ
%
lſº A. ‘Z Z2// A. %Zºº
¥ A Z. % * Z /% % Z %%% • 2% / % %% % - % %
%%%. Ø / %% º %% %
0 % % % % % Z Z .* % %% % % %
JANATY Fijillºff'ſ MARSH APill MAY J|Ni J||Y A|SI SiFIFMHil ||||ffl| NNEMBER |Hºlliń JAN|A||Y FElfill ARY
19|8 |||}
IX. Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal forwarded north, by days, through Columbus, as reported by the United States Railroad Administration, January,
- 1918—February, 1919.
tiſs,
t 3000
2500
2[iſ]
[iſ]
[[lſ]
5ſ)
{}
JANIA iſ fijili.Afty MAH!!! APHIL MAY J||NE Jſly Alſº SI SEPTEM}} |||ſ||E|| NVEMBER [FBEMiffl * FEHRMRY
|||}
X, Diagram showing the approximate number of carloads of bituminous coal delayed on the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad for movement through Cincinnati, as reported by the United
States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919. -
Ellis
|000 --
500 -
40 *** ƺx 2. 2 arx 2^k- Laº A /> A as 2.22%22% V’ - 2 & cºyº’ ºf .24A/22 ^ A -- A L^x/\º AN A 2. ~A
JANARY FEE||ARY MA: APAll MAY J|NE J||Y Alſº jSI SEPTEM}ER |T|HER NDWEMBER DHEEMHER JANAſtſ FEHill|ARY
|9|| ||8
XI. Diagram showing the approximate number of carloads of bituminous coal delayed on the Norfolk & Western Railroad for movement through Columbus, as reported by the United
States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919.





DISTRIBUTION OF
COAL AND CORE. 27
coal, and eastern New York and Pennsylvania, with
from 6 to 9 weeks’ stocks, had abundant supplies.
This in detail was but one of the problems connected
with filling the void in the East caused by the great
increase in demand and the previous inability of the
normal sources to increase shipment to meet this de-
mand. In a broad way the whole problem of read-
justment of distribution to meet these new demands
was accomplished through the operation of the budget
and the zones by moving western coal east in successive
waves, so that literally it may be said that increased
production in Colorado and Wyoming resulted in giv-
ing New England more coal. The details were far from
simple, however. The necessity of putting 28,000,000
tons of eastern coal into the Northwest by way of the
Great Lakes in little over seven months, and of meet-
ing the needs of many industries for coals of special
quality, and of watching the possibilities of production
against the probability of railroad ability to move the
product, were constantly before the operating officers
of the distribution division. Through the summer
and early fall of 1918 the problem was to maintain
equal distribution of a supply insufficient for the de-
mand, but beginning in October conditions began
to be reversed, and from the early part of November,
1918, until all regulations ceased, on February 1, 1919,
the problem was to divide the diminished demand
among the producing fields.
Many of the details of the questions that daily arose
and the methods of handling them are chronicled in
the succeeding pages of this report, and particularly
in the report on the zone system, Part II. To show
in a general way how definite and effective was the
control by the Distribution Division, a few of the re-
sults may be noted. From April 1, to July 6, 1918,
rail shipments to New England were 3,058,000 net
tons, or 98 per cent of the schedule of 3,150,000 tons;
on September 28, shipments were 6,164,000 tons, or
105 per cent of the schedule; on December 21 the record
stood at 104 per cent. The schedule for shipments to
tidewater from April 1 to July 1 called for 11,916,000
net tons; shipments were 11,557,000 tons, or 97 per
cent; by September 1 shipments were 20,013,000 tons,
or 100.8 per cent of the schedule. By December 21
shipments were 9 per cent ahead of the program. The
Lake program called for 28,000,000 tons of cargo coal;
a total of 28,153,000 tons was supplied. “With
similar precision and certainty munition factories,
arsenals, powder works, and by-product plants, were
kept running, while stocks were accumulated, insuring
uninterrupted operations throughout the winter. In
the same manner, retail dealers were given supplies
for their domestic trade. Such results were only pos-
sible because of the complete control of shipments
and the full information on which to proceed.” "
a Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, New York Meeting,
February, 1919. Distribution of Coal under the United States Fuel Administration.
J. D. A. Morrow.
The question of priority or preference as between
consumers was one of the first questions encountered
in distribution and was the last to be settled. The
“nonessential consumer” was first (in 1917) attacked,
and it was proposed that by forbidding coal to all in
such a category the shortage would be met. The idea
that there was such a class of consumers and that they
consumed a large portion of the coal, and that by
cutting them off there would be plenty for the “es-
sential” consumers, prevailed with the Committee on
Coal Production that preceded the Fuel Administra-
tion and was also sponsored by the railroads (see cor-
respondence in the introductory chapter of Part II).
At no time did the Fuel Administrator incline toward
this idea. Every effort to define a policy and develop
a program for eliminating “nonessential” users of
coal failed, and the solution was finally found in tack-
ling the problem from the other end, namely, by
designating the essential, or more properly, the pre-
ferred, consumer. The preferred consumers were those
whose continued operation was essential to the war
program of the United States, and they were to be
supplied with coal. Those not preferred were per-
mitted to have coal after the needs of the others had
been met, but the nonpreferred were never set apart,
listed, and characterized as nonessential.
Clearly, it was not the function of the Fuel Admin-
istrator to determine the industries or the individuals
whose continued operation was essential to the war
program, and as clearly, coal could not be distributed
so as best to promote the war program until these
industries and individuals had been designated. The
War Industries Board, evolved from the original Coun-
cil of National Defense, was directed by the President to
establish the order of priority of industry, and when
the priority committee of that board had finally
accomplished this, the Fuel Administration was fur-
nished a guide—in fact, was given positive direc-
tions—for the distribution of coal as between
COIlSUIDO €I’S. .
Between the period in the summer and fall of 1917,
when the idea of curtailing “nonessential” consumers
was struggling for prevalence, and the spring and
summer of 1918, when priority of use was established
by the War Industries Board, and particularly in the
winter months of 1917–18, when the regulation of dis-
tribution was in a hopelessly chaotic state, the use of
priority of transportation of coal was resorted to in
various ways to maintain the supply of coal for certain
industries, individuals, and even sections of the
country. Priority Order No. 1 of Judge Lovett,
Director of Transportation Priority, of the Council of
National Defense, issued in the summer of 1917, pro-
vided essentially that all empty coal cars supplied to
mines on certain railroads should when loaded be con-
signed only to Lower Lake Erie ports for transship-
ment up the Lakes for Canada and the Northwest.
28 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Subsequent orders (reviewed in the introductory chap-
ter of Part II) from the same source attempted to
direct coal to certain classes of users by priorities of
transportation. Assigned cars were freely used to pro-
tect the supplies of coal for certain consumers. So
paralyzed were the ordinary channels of bituminous
coal trade, so disorganized were the railroads, and so
ineffective were the efforts of the Fuel Administration
to relieve the situation in the winter of 1917–18, that
cars and more cars in which to load coal became the
one cry of the shippers. Railroads secured their coal
by offering cars, and there were periods in some fields
when about the only cars furnished the mines were as-
signed for railroad fuel. Railroads in New England
sent cars of their ownership to distant fields in south-
western Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia,
assigned for their own use, and operators accepted
them in order to operate their mines part time.
Public utilities and industrial consumers with rights
to preference, as for instance, those producing ship
plates or munitions, applied for and obtained assign-
ments of cars. The assignment of coal cars simply
meant that from the supply of empty cars available
on a road the mines in whose favor the assignments
had been made were first furnished and that the cars
left were prorated among the other mines. As-
signed cars meant assurance of the regular running of
the mine, an operating condition earnestly sought.
Assigned cars were sought alike by the consumer
and by those interested in the continuous operation
of the consumers' plant, as well as by the coal-pro-
ducing companies. The War Department, through its
Procurement Division, was instrumental in having
cars assigned for many plants engaged in the manu-
facture of war materials. The Federal Fuel Ad-
ministrator for New England obtained in January,
1918, an order assigning 500 cars a day for New
England as a unit but without reference to any special
consumers. The assignments were actually made by
the railroads, acting through the Car Service Commis-
sion of the American Railway Association, and after
January 1, 1918, through the Car Service Section of
the Railroad Administration, but only with the con-
currence (in most, if not all instances) of the Fuel
Administration. The Fuel Administration acquiesced
in the practice, although it can not be said that it
adopted it as a policy. No other methods were offered
in the winter of 1917–18 of meeting many distressing
and urgent situations. The practice was abandoned
in its entirety early in the spring of 1918 as soon as the
organization of the Distribution Division was in a posi-
tion to care for the consumers in the newly created
Iſla, IllſleI’. -
Negotiations between the War Industries Board and
the Distribution Division of the Fuel Administration,
for the establishment of a definite policy and line of
procedure governing the preference use of coal, began
early in 1918. The officials of the Fuel Administra-
tion had been urging the War Industries Board to
exercise the authority conferred by the President and
officially indicate an order of preference for guidance
in the distribution of coal and coke. On April 6,
1918, Judge Edwin B. Parker, Chairman of the
Priorities Committee of the War Industries Board,
issued Preference List No. 1. This preference list,
which was the first answer received from the War
Industries Board, set up a list of industrial classifica-
tions beginning with “Air craft” and ending with
“Wire rope,” and stated that all plants coming within
the several classifications included in the list would be
entitled to preference of the same degree. The
Priorities Committee also announced that it would
from time to time certify individual plants as entitled
to preference. -
The distribution division asked the War Indus-
tries Board to furnish a list of the plants coming
under each classification in List No. 1, so that proper
and definite instructions could be issued to the State
fuel administrators and the district representatives.
The War Industries Board promised to furnish such
a list, and finally, when the list was not forthcoming
after several requests from the distribution division,
a special meeting of the Priorities Committee, together
with representatives of the distribution division (Mr.
Morrow, Mr. Yerkes, Mr. Ogle, and Mr. Calloway),
was called for May 21, 1918. At this meeting it
developed that the Priorities Committee was over-
whelmed with applications of individuals to be
placed on preference lists, and no progress had
been made toward assembling the promised lists
under Preference List No. 1. Judge Parker requested
the representatives of the distribution division to
undertake the work of assembling these lists, and
Mr. Ogle, Director of State Distribution of the Fuel
Administration, agreed to undertake the work through
the State fuel administrators' organizations.
On May 22 Judge Parker confirmed this under-
standing in the following letter to Mr. Morrow, Gen-
eral Director of Distribution:
WAR INDUSTRIES BoARD,
Washington, May 22, 1918.
Subject: Preference List; Coal Distribution.
Mr. J. D. A. MoRRow,
General Director of Distribution, -
United States Fuel Administration, Washington, D. C.
DEAR MR. MoRRow: Referring to our conversation last evening
relative to the preparation of a list of plants embraced in Preference
List No. 1, I desire to offer the following suggestions:
1. Each State administrator should prepare a list of the individ-
ual plants in his State which, in his opinion, should be classified
under the industries mentioned in Preference List No. 1, dated
April 6, 1918. Where there is any doubt as to whether or not any
particular plant is entitled to classification as a preference list
industry, such plant should be instructed to file an application
with the Priorities Board and it will be considered on its merits.
2. State and local fuel administrators and fuel distributors (dis-
trict representatives) to notify the Fuel Administration of specific
United states Fuel Administration. Report of Distribution Division, Part I. Plates XII, XIII, XIV.
(AMS
3||
2010
|0|0
ſ l-el–ºa.
wºn mºn MARTH APRIL MAY JNE JAY ANSI SEPTEMBER [[I]HER NIWEMiffl ſlimſil wº FEHillſity
XII. Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal west of Salamanca, N. Y., on the Erie Railroad, for eastern destinations, as reported by the United States
Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919. -
(AMS
{||
Tºſſ,
fillſ,
5||
40||
3||||}
2||
|ſ||
0 -
JANDATſ fiſſillºffſ MAlth APRIL MAY J|N. J||Y Aſſ!!N SiFIFMilfº 0||Diffl NNEMBER ||f||Nº|| * FEffiºſ
XIII. Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal east of Salamanca, N. Y., on the Erie Railroad, for eastern destinations, as reported by the United States
* Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919. *
EARS
8000
Aſſiſ
30ſ).
20||
|0|0"
[] -
JANARY fiſſillºffſ MAll APill MAY J|Nt J||Y ARISI SFFIEMiſſil ||||}| NNEMER Dili.Miń JAN|Atly FEHill|}||Y
|9|8 |||}
XIV. Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal east of Buffalo, N. Y., on the New York Central Railroad, for eastbound destinations, as reported by the United
States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919.



DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. . . * 29
cases which may come to their notice, where plants engaged in
war work, or work of exceptional or national importance, are not
embraced within the preference list and can not secure fuel for
their current needs. If the Fuel Administration will, in turn,
call our attention to such cases they will be promptly investigated
and considered and, in proper cases, certified either temporarily
or permanently to the preference list.
If this does not fully cover the matter I shall be glad to have
you so advise. - -
Yours, truly,
(Signed) EDWIN B. PARKER,
Priorities Commissioner.
The distribution division immediately prepared a
questionnaire known as Form E, which was sent in
duplicate to all industrial plants in the country, one
copy to be returned to the State fuel administrator
in whose State the plant was located, and the other
to the United States Fuel Administration at Wash-
ington. On June 3, after these questionnaires were
in the mail, the following letter was addressed by
the Director of State Distribution to all State fuel
administrators, instructing them how to classify the
industrial plants within their respective States from
the information given on questionnaire Form E, and
directing them to send to Washington each day a
list of the plants added to their preference list, indi-
cating the industrial classification on Preference List
No. 1 under which each plant had been placed.
LETTER IN REGARD TO ASSEMBLING PREFERENCE LISTS.
The director of State distribution also wrote on June 3 the fol-
lowing letter to State fuel administrators:
“In accordance with the distribution program issued May 25,
1918, the United States Fuel Administration, through its State and
local administrators, will record and classify all consumers of ceal
except domestic consumers. A copy of the letter relative to this
matter, which is being mailed to all our consumers, you will find
inclosed.
“As set out in the distribution program, lists of classes (d) and
(e) with the exception of anthracite coal dealers in class (e) will be
furnished to you by the distribution division at Washington. If
you have not already done So, you will be required to assemble the
list of anthracite retail dealers in each community yourself.
“Lists of consumers in classes (f) and (g) will be assembled by
you from questionnaire forms (e) as rapidly as they are returned
to you from the various manufacturing plants within your territory.
The distribution division will furnish you with a list of all plants
within your territory to which the questionnaire has been mailed,
against which you can check replies as they are received.
request from Judge Edwin B. Parker, priorities commissioner, in a
letter from him dated May 22, copy of which you will find inclosed
and which in connection with preference list No. 1, also inclosed,
should make your course of procedure clear. *
“In the event of a question arising as to whether or not a certain
industry is included in any of the classifications on preference list
No. 1, or if you decide to recommend that some plant should be
added to the list as suggested in paragraph 2 of the priorities com-
missioner's letter, you are asked to communicate with the director
State distribution of the Fuel Adminratistion.
“The mechanical operation of making this classification will
consist simply of filing in alphabetical order in one set of card files,
the postal card questionnaire received from those plants which in
We are
asking you to make classifications (f) and (g) in response to a
your opinion come within some one of the classifications included
in preference list No. 1 and in another set of card files the question-
naire received from all other plants.
“It is of the utmost importance that this preference list should be
assembled as rapidly as possible, as it is the basis for the entire coal
distribution program, and you are asked to forward each day to the
distribution division at Washington a list of the plants which you
have added to the prefernece list file during the day, indicating
under which classification on preference list No. 1 you have placed
each plant. In addition to the plants which you classify under
preference list No. 1, there will be certain other special plants
which the War Industries Board will certify from time to time as
entitled preference. As these certifications are made you will be
advised by the distribution division at Washington, so that you
can add the proper cards to your preference list file.
“UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
“By A. M. OGLE,
“Director, State Distribution.”
At the meeting of May 21st Judge Parker was
asked to address a letter to the distribution division,
indicating just how far the Fuel Administration was
expected to go in favoring plants on the preference
list in the distribution of coal. Such a letter was
finally received from Judge Parker, and on June 4
the following communication was addressed to the
State fuel administrators and the district represen-
tatives, advising them of these instructions:
LETTER IN REGARD TO APPLICATION OF PREFERENCE LIST.
Under date of June 4 the letter given below was addressed by
director of State distribution to the State administrators:
“Judge Edwin B. Parker, priorities commissioner of the War
Industries Board, instructs us to observe the following preference
rules in distributing coal:
“1. Distribute coal in amounts sufficient to take care of current
requirements of all consumers on the ‘preference list’ before
making distribution to any consumers not on the list. Current
requirements means sufficient coal to take care of their daily con-
Sumption and, in addition thereto, an amount necessary to build
up the reasonable reserves which are required to insure uninter-
rupted operation. The reserves required will vary with the dis-
tance from the Source of Supply and the available transportation
facilities.
“2. After making distribution under (1) any remaining coal
can go to those consumers not on the preference list but only in
an amount for their daily consumption.
“3. After making distribution under (1) and (2) if there should
still be a remaining balance of coal it shall be distributed as you
may decide, giving preference at all times to the storage require-
ments of those consumers on the preference list.
“4. The War Industries Board will, from time to time, establish
degrees of preference as between the consumers on the original
preference list. The first degree of preference has already been
established and will include railroad fuel, steamship bunkers,
exclusive of pleasure craft, and by-product plants. Instructions
have been issued to all district representatives to make shipments
on these requirements first.
“We ask that you govern your distribution program in accord-
ance with the instructions from the War Industries Board as above
Set Out.
“UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
“By A. M. O'GLE,
“Director State Distribution.”
A letter similar to the above was sent at the same time to all
district representatives.
30
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
During the time required by the fuel administra-
tors to assemble the detailed lists considerable con-
fusion arose as to just how Preference List No. 1
should be applied in distributing coal because the
district representatives and the coal shippers could
not determine what consumers were entitled to pref-
erential classification. Bearing on this subject the
following letter was sent on June 12 to State admin-
istrators, and similar advice was given the district
representatives.
LETTER TO DISTRICT IN REGARD TO SEIIPMENTS PENDING ASSEMBLING
PREFERENCE LIST.
And on June 12 a further letter to all State fuel administrators
was issued by the director of State distribution:
“Pending the assembling of lists of preference consumers, as
established by the priorities board of the war Industries Board,
district representatives have been instructed to take no action
which will tend to create a general disruption of the usual distribu-
tion of coal.
“The new distribution program which was recently mailed to
you, together with a letter covering the preference list in detail,
indicates the manner in which the preference list is to be estab-
lished, and as rapidly as the War Industries Board, aided by the
recommendations submitted by you through this office, is able to
assemble the information, specific instructions will go forward to
the district representatives which will place the control of this
distribution in your hands, as provided in the new program.
“In the meantime the State fuel administrators and the district
representatives are requested to use their very best judgment with
view of disturbing the ordinary distribution of coal for current
requirements as little as possible, but at the same time make the
greatest possible endeavor to restrict the distribution of the coal
which may be left for stocking purposes to the preference list con-
SUIIIle1'S.
“UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
“By A. M. OGLE, -
“Director of State Distribution.”
The classifying of industrial plants under Preference
List No. 1 was pushed forward as rapidly as possible
by the State fuel administrators under the supervision
of the Director of State Distribution, particularly in
those States where the coal situation was most acute.
As rapidly as the lists were received at Washington,
the Bureau of State Distribution assembled them in
alphabetical order, by States, and forwarded copies
to the district representatives and State fuel admin-
istrators. In addition to the lists which were com-
piled by the State fuel administrators, the Priorities
Committee was continually adding names of individual
plants entitled to preference in the distribution of
coal. Mr. H. G. Phillips, Secretary of the Priorities
Committee, forwarded lists of these additional names
to the Bureau of State Distribution by special mes-
senger, as soon as the lists were approved by Judge
Parker. The Bureau of State Distribution in turn
arranged the lists in alphabetical order, by States,
and sent copies to the district representatives and
State fuel administrators.
The Priorities Committee when designating a con-
Sumer as having preference, indicated the degree of
preference by assigning the name to one of four classes.
Preference List No. 2, issued in September, 1918, re-
classified the industries on Preference List No. 1,
omitted certain classifications and added others.
Also for each industrial classification the degree of pref-
erence, indicated as 1, 2, 3, or 4, was noted for both in-
dustries as a whole and for individuals. The interpre-
tation finally placed on the degrees of preference
indicated by these four classes was that Class 1 should
havefull supplies of coal at all times, and that the desig-
nation of Classes 2, 3, and 4 indicated only in a general
way the preference that was to be accorded consumers.
Once the lists of preferred consumers were in defi-
nite form and the procedure outlined, many of the
troublesome questions in the distribution of coal and
coke were removed.
The following memorandum sets forth in tabular
form the general scheme of division of responsibility
as between the administrative headquarters and the
field offices of the district representatives and State
administrators.
Memo re responsibility of headquarters and field officers in distribution.
[Revised by J. D. A. Morrow, A. W. Calloway, B. W. Warren, W. E. Hope, and J. T. Livingston, Mar. 21, 1918.]
Responsibility.
Washington.
State administrators.
District representatives.
1. Policy and authority
2. Production..........
3. Use of cars..........
4. Preferred users......
General policy and final authority.
Responsibility for production as
affected by labor, mine supplies,
car Service. Records of produc-
tion and lost working time; but
not as affected by prices.
Development of plans for securing
best use of cars and negotiation
with railroad director.
(a) Must define preferred users in
conjunction with other Govern-
ment agencies.
(b) Distribute supply for railroads,
bunkers, export, by-product
coke plants, and such other war
program plants as Washington
may undertake exclusively to
supply, notice of such plants to
be sent to State administrators.
No authority over district representa-
tives.
No responsibility on production.
Study records of production to en-
able intelligent placing of requests.
Encourage prompt unloading and re-
turn of cars.
Notified of preferred users, and carry
out policy locally except as speci-
fied from Washington.
Supervision of supply for users not
F. for by Washington. Must
ave records of supply received by
such users. Make special investi-
gations of requirements and supply
when requested from Washington.
No authority over State adminis-
trators.
Advise Washington on means of in-
creasing production. Also send
reports of production and lost
working time to Washington.
Proper routing of shipments. , Ad-
vise Washington and railroad rep-
resentatives on best use of cars.
No part in definition. Notified of
preferred users and duty to see
that shipments go in accordance
therewith. -
United States Fuel Administration. Report of Distribution Division, Part I. - : - , Plates XV, XVI, XVII.
|A|S
3000
25%
zº
1500
m
500
0
JANAT filliam MATH APHIL MAY J|Nº. J||Y A|ST SEFEMill lºſſBºſt NMMI, IIFM º FEHiARY
XV, Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal west of Buffalo, N. Y., on the New York Central Railroad, for eastbound destinations, as reported by the United
States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919.
19||
EARS
8000
5000
4000
3||||W
7||
|0|0
* fillillºſſ MARCH APHIL MAY . JNi WIY A||5|| SEPTIMER ſºlºiſt NWiMiliff Diºſiń wºn fiſſilſily
XVI. Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal west of Pittsburgh, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad, for eastbound destinations, as reported by the United
States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919.
CARS
|4000
2000
10000
8000
8000
anº
2001/4%
wºn tºur wº APH1 MAY J|NE J||Y All!!NT SEPTEMBER (BIOHER won man ºn tºwn
XVII. Diagram showing the number of carloads of freight above normal east of Pittsburgh, Pa., on the Pennsylvania Railroad, for eastbound destinations, as reported by the United
States Railroad Administration, January, 1918—February, 1919.





DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
31
Memo re responsibility of headquarters and field officers in distribution—Continued.
Responsibility.
Washington.
State administrators.
District representatives.
5. Distribution among
consuming areas.
6. Distribution and
Storage within
COmmunities.
7. Emergency orders
and requests.
8. Diversions.----------
10. Contracts-- - - - - - - - - -
ll. Dealing with con-
Sll Iſhel'S.
12. Dealing with indi-
vidual producers.
IResponsibility for control of Sup-
ply between States to Secure
equitable distribution and proper
supply for export, bunker, rail-
roads, coke making, etc. Cur-
rent records of shipments to each
State (in totals and for important
cities). Allotment to States,
modified as necessary.
General plans for domestic distri-
bution within communities.
General plans for storage (a) for
local use by preferred users;
(b) for reshipment.
Issuance of emergency orders in
favor of railroads, bunker, ex-
port, by-product coke plants,
and other preferred users for
which Washington may under-
take exclusively to provide; and
when requests of State adminis-
trators are not effective.
ISSuance of emergency requests.
Should specify what individual or
class is to be cut off, if necessary,
in order to fill emergency order.
May make diversions to clear up
congestions or relieve severe
emergencies. Report immedi-
ately car numbers, kinds of coal,
and destinations to consignees,
shippers, and district representa-
tives affected. Specify methods
of State and local administration
in making diversions.
Responsibility for arrangements
for prompt and full payment in
case of diversions and emergency
requests and orders issued by
Washington. Specify methods
to be employed by State admin-
istrators in arrangements for pay-
ment.
Development and publication of
contract policy.
Receipt and review of contracts,
authority to cancel or modify.
Deal directly with railroads, by-
product coke makers and other
users for whom Washington may
undertake exclusively to pro-
vide. , Deal with Navy and
Shipping Board and other con-
Sumers on bunker and export
supply.
- Secure from War, Navy, and Ship-
ping Board current information
on coal requirements for their
llSeS.
All orders and requests placed
through district representatives.
123976°–19—PT I 3
Tesponsibility for control of distribu-
tion between consuming units
within State to secure equitable
distribution. Current records on
Shipments to each consuming unit
in State. Apportionment of State
allotment among consuming units.
Responsible for equitable distribu-
tion (a) domestic, and (b) indus-
trial not provided for by Washing-
ton. Responsible for sufficient stor-
age for strictly local distribution,
working through local administra-
torS. -
Issuance of emergency requests for
consumers not provided for by
Washington. (Should specify who
is to be cut off in their respective
jurisdictions, if necessary, in order
to fill emergency requests.)
Apply to Washington for order when
request proves ineffective.
To relieve Severe emergencies, may
make diversions of coal consigned
to State, but are not permitted to
divert coal consigned to users to be
provided for by Washington except
on specific authority from Washing-
ton to relieve domestic suffering. .
Must report car numbers, kinds of
coal, and destinations immediately
to Shippers, consignees, and dis-
trict representatives affected. Lo-
cal administrators, when author-
ized by State administrators, may
make diversions of coal consigned
to their respective territories to re-
lieve severe emergencies with fore-
going exceptions. Must report car
numbers, kinds of coal, and desti-
nations of diverted shipments im-
mediately to State administrator,
who will promptly transmit this
data to shippers, consignees, and
district representatives affected.
Responsibility for making arrange-
ments for prompt and full payment
in case of diversions or emergency
requests issued by them. No coal
should be furnished or diverted un-
less such arrangements are made.
No responsibility or authority. In-
vestigations on request.
Notification to Washington of ob-
served irregularities.
Deal with users in State for whom
Washington does not undertake ex-
clusively to provide with respect
to their emergency requirements.
Need not undertake to secure regular
supply, only emergency require-
mentS.
No dealings with individual opera-
tors. All requests placed through
district representatives,
Hesponsible only for carrying out
instructions from Washington and
from State administrators regard-
ing destination of requested ship-
ments. Send reports to Wash-
ington and States on destination
of shipments as may be required
by Washington.
No responsibility except to make
shipments on request or order to
designated communities and des-
ignated large consumers. No re-
sponsibility for storage except as
specifically directed.
Place emergency orders and re-
quests with shippers. Notify
person originating request if un-
able to comply, but emergency
orders must be filled. *
Should make no diversions except
when specifically requested by
Washington, but must have
power to divert in accordance
with general distribution program.
to relieve railroad congestions and
other transportation emergencies.
No responsibility, but may advise
shippers as to arrangements that.
have been made.
Tèeceipt and custody of necessary
contract information.
Becommendation to Washington of
desirable contract changes to cor-
rect commercial and transporta-
tion abuses, or temporarily relieve
certain emergency conditions.
No direct dealings with consumer
Responsibility for placing orders or
requests with individual opera-
tors or shippers,
32 * REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
The details of procedure and definition of policy to
govern the distribution of coal were presented in a
letter on the distribution program to the field officers
in May, 1918. This letter, which follows, requires no
explanation:
DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM.
1. Subject to general instructions and policies which will be
laid down from time to time by the distribution division of the
Fuel Administration at Washington, the State fuel administrators
will have the entire responsibility and authority for the distribu-
tion of the coal allotted to their respective States. The general in-
structions and policies to be laid down by the distribution division
will in turn be governed by instructions issued from time to time
by the War Industries Board.
2. The system of reports, sections 22 to 29, inclusive, is designed
for the purpose of accumulating and compiling information which
the State fuel administrators and the distribution division at Wash-
ington will require in order to insure proper regulation of coal dis-
tribution during the coming year.
3. From present estimates of the country's coal requirements it
seems evident that sufficient coal will not be transported to all parts
of the country to satisfy the needs of all consumers. Consequently,
in order to insure that there shall be no interference with the coun-
try's war program, it is necessary, in view of the threatened shortage,
to recognize that certain consumers must have preference in the
distribution of coal. The War Industries Board will decide what
consumers shall have this preference; but the Fuel Administration at
Washington has been asked to assist in the compilation of complete
preference lists by obtaining reports and recommendations from the
State and local fuel administrators.
PREFERENCE LISTS.
4. These preference lists will be the crux of the entire coal-dis-
tribution plan. To facilitate assembling these lists all consumers
of coal, except domestic consumers, will be recorded under the
following classifications:
(a) Railroads.
(b) Army and Navy, together with other departments of the
Federal Government. -
(c) State and county departments and institutions.
(d) Public utilities.
(e) Retail dealers.
(f) Manufacturing plants on War Industries Board's preference
list.
(g) Manufacturing plants not on War Industries Board's prefer-
ence list.
(h) Jobbers.
(i) Take.
(j) Tidewater. -
Classes (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) will then comprise the prefer-
ence lists, and preference in coal shipments will be given to all con-
sumers within these classes in accordance with instructions which
the War Industries Board will issue from time to time.
5. All coal originally classified under (h), (i), and (j) will be
redistributed, and will finally be classified under Some one of the
other classifications, except that part which may go for export
through tidewater, or to Canada through the Lakes.
6. The distribution of coal to consumers in classes (a) and (b) will
be handled from Washington. Washington will also supervise
shipments to certain plants in classes (d) and (f) and in such cases
proper notification will be given the State fuel administration in
whose State the plants are located.
ASSEMBLING PRIEFERENCE LISTS.
7. A list of class (d) consumers in his State will be furnished each
State fuel administrator by the statistical Section of the United
States Fuel Administration at Washington, of which Mr. C. E. Lesher
is the manager. This list will give the name, location, and require-
ments for each plant, by counties. The State and local fuel
administrators will be required to check these lists and make such
additions or deductions as they may find necessary to keep the lists
complete and accurate. They shall report any such additions or
deductions to the statistical Section. -
8. A list of class (e) consumers in his State will also be furnished
each State fuel administrator by the statistical section, which list
will show for each county.in the State the name and location of each
coal dealer in the county, together with the 1917 tonnage delivered
to the customers of each dealer over the greater part of the eastern
territory of the country. Some State fuel administrators have
already assembled lists of anthracite coal dealers, and where this
has been done the statistical section will not send duplicate lists.
The State and local fuel administrators will check all class (e) lists
in the same manner as class (d) lists.
9. A list of class (f) consumers will be assembled at once in the
following manner: The statistical section will send out immedi-
ately to each manufacturing plant in the country a postal card
questionnaire, in duplicate, one card to be returned to the statistical
Section at Washington and one to the State fuel administrator in
whose State the plant is located. Copy of this questionnaire is
attached as Form E. From these postal cards each State fuel
administrator, with the assistance of local fuel administrators, will
assemble the lists of class (f) consumers in his State, in accordance
with a supplemental letter, which State fuel administrators will
receive, covering the preference list program in greater detail.
Copies of these class (f) lists shall be sent by State fuel adminis-
trators to the director State distribution at Washington daily until
completely assembled.
10. The distribution division at Washington will supply each
district representative with a complete list of class (f) consumers
for each State included in the district representative's shipping
zone, in conformance with the lists assembled by the State fuel
administrators.
APPLICATION OF PREFERENCE LISTS.
11. With these lists to guide them, State and local fuel admin-
istrators and district representatives are directed to give their atten-
tion to building up proper stocks of coal for all consumers in the
preference classes in accordance with instructions issued by the
War Industries Board from time to time, which instructions will be
communicated to the State fuel administrators and the district
representatives by the distribution division at Washington.
12. The weekly reports from consumers (see Forms G and H
attached) will prove of great assistance in accomplishing this result,
since the State and local fuel administrators, by watching these
reports, will be able to direct increased shipments to preference
class consumers who are not making sufficient gain in their stocks
of coal, as well as to check shipments to those consumers under any
class whose stocks are accumulating too rapidly.
RETAIL DEALER's DISTRIBUTION.
13. In order to control the distribution of coal to domestic con-
Sumers and industrial plants by retail dealers, and wagon mines,
they will be required to make a special report to the State fuel
administrator, shown attached as Form II.
IREPORTS FROM WASHINGTON.
14. In addition to the weekly reports received from the district
representatives and the consumers of coal within his State, each
State fuel administrator will receive from the statistical section, at
Washington, a weekly report showing the production of coal in the
various producing fields, the distribution of coal in his own State,
properly classified, the consumption of coal in his own State, and
the stocks of coal on hand. In this report the totals will be shown
for each class of consumers.
United States Fuel Administration. Report of Distribution Division, Part 1. Plate XVIII.
Distſ RIBUTION DIVISION
J. D.A.N1 orrow
General Director
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DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 33
ASSISTANCE OF INDIVIDUAL CONSTUMERS.
15. Under this plan of distribution each consumer should arrange
for shipments from the same source of supply as last year, if possi-
ble. When arrangements of this kind can not be made, due to
interference by the zoning plan or by a diversion of coal tonnage
for war-program requirements, or by any other cause, the consumer
should make every effort to form some new connection in a coal-
producing district from which a coal supply is available, preferably
under a contract arrangement. Coal operators will be urged to
make these new contracts with the consumers whenever possible,
in order to reduce to the minimum the number of applications for
assistance to the State and local fuel administrators. -
16. When called upon for assistance by a consumer who has bee
unable to make arrangements for his coal supply, the State fuel
administrator is directed to communicate with a district repre-
sentative—never with an individual coal producer—who can ship
to the consumer, with the request that, if possible, the district
representative arrange with one of his operators to enter into a con-
tract with the consumer for the amount of coal he requires. If this
can not be accomplished, the district representative shall direct
shipments to said consumer in accordance with requisitions which
may be received from the State fuel administrator from time to
time, provided he can do so without violating the instructions
from the War Industries Board which may be in effect at the
time. In placing these requisitions, the State fuel adminis-
trator will, of course, take into consideration the total amount
of coal which the State can expect to receive from the district
representative under the allotment plan, to be announced by
the distribution division, and also whether or not the consumer
belongs in one of the preferred classifications.
17. Whenever a district representative is unable to fill a requisi-
tion from a State fuel administrator, he shall so advise the State
fuel administrator, giving the reasons for his inability. In such
cases the State fuel administrator shall make an effort to secure
the coal from other district representatives who can ship to the
consumer, and if no one of the district representatives is able to
make the shipment the State fuel administrator may, in an emer-
gency, divert coal to the consumer in accordance with paragraph
25 of the section of the distribution program entitled “Reports.”
If no emergency exists, the matter should be referred to the director
of State distribution at Washington.
COMMENT.
18. In many States it may be found advantageous to decentralize
the State fuel administrator's work by making subdivisions within
the State, which subdivisions can deal directly with the con-
sumers, the district representatives, and Washington, thereby
preventing a congestion of the work in the State fuel administra-
tor's office. Whenever a State fuel administrator thinks that such
subdivisions would be advantageous in his State, he should take
the matter up with the director of State distribution at Washington.
19. As used herein, the expression “district representative” is
intended to include the manager of shipments from the docks at
the head of the Lakes, the managers of all tide-water pools, the
managers of all terminal pools, if any, and the committee appointed
to supervise the distribution of anthracite coal.
20. The reports required under this plan are short and simple,
but at the same time complete and comprehensive, and the inter-
change of the information provided therein should greatly facilitate
complete coordination between the State fuel administrators and
the district representatives. The successful accomplishment of
the war program depends in large measure upon the proper distri-
bution of coal, and, in turn, that proper distribution will depend
upon the close and sympathetic cooperation between the State
fuel administrators and the district representatives. In putting
this revised distribution program into effect the United States
Fuel Administration asks for your energetic and enthusiastic
Support.
REPORTS.
NoTE.—In order to standardize the work of the Fuel Adminis-
tration all over the country, and in order to reduce to the minimum
the number of reports requested from coal consumers, coal pro-
ducers, jobbers, or retailers, or from any member or department of
the Fuel Administration, it is intended that the reports set out
below shall replace and supersede all report forms now being used
in connection with coal distribution.
REPORT FROM MINE OPERATORS TO DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES.
21. Mine operators shall report each day to the district repre-
Sentatives a list of the cars shipped during the day, giving con-
signee and destination of each car. Mine operators shall also
furnish such other information to the district representatives as is
now authorized, relative to contracts with consumers, coal pro-
duction, car supply, etc.
REPORT FROM DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES TO STATE FUEL ADMIN-
ISTRATORS AND STATISTICAL SECTION.
22. Each district representative shall send a weekly report
to each State fuel administrator into whose territory he ships, a
copy going to the statistical Section at Washington at the same time.
This report shall show the number of cars shipped into each State
during the preceding week, classified as follows:
(a) Shipments to railroads.
(b) Shipments to Army, Navy, and other departments of the
Federal Government.
(c) Shipments to State and county departments and institutions.
(d) Shipments to public utilities.
(e) Shipments to retail dealers. -
(f) Shipments to manufacturing plants on War Industries Board
preference list.
(g) Shipments to manufacturing plants not on preference list.
(h) Shipments to jobbers.
(i) Shipments to Lake pools, itemized.
(j) Shipments to tidewater pools, itemized.
NOTE.-These letters are used only for the purpose of reference
in the distribution program as herein set out, and should not be
confused with any other reference or index letters. The order in
which the above classifications are set out has no bearing on the
order in which preference will be accorded. If a State fuel admin-
istrator desires these reports to show shipments into each of several
subdivisions within his State he shall take the matter up with the
director of State distribution at Washington. As it is extremely
desirable that all jobbers should give the mine operators direct
assignment for all coal shipped on their orders, shipments under
classification (h) will only be permitted under regulations which
the distribution division will issue from time to time.
REPORT FROM JOBBER TO STATE FUEL ADMINISTRATOR AND STATIS-
TICAL SECTION.
23. In New England and other places where shipments under
class (h) may be permitted, it will be necessary for jobbers to report
weekly to the State fuel administrator, giving a statement, classi-
fied in accordance with paragraph 22, of the coal which they dis-
tribute during the preceding week. Copies of these reports will
be sent to the statistical section at Washington.
REPORT COVERING RECONSIGNMENT AND DIVERSION.
24. Any mine operator, coal jobber, transportation company, or
other person or firm that reconsigns or diverts coal shall report such
reconsignment or diversion to the district representative in whose
territory the coal originated. District representatives in their
weekly reports to State fuel administrators shall show what recon-
signment or diversions occurred during the preceding week and
correct their figures accordingly. In all cases where a jobber
makes weekly reports to State fuel administrators as provided in
the preceding section, he shall also report reconsignments or diver-
34 $ REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
sions to the State fuel administrators as well as to the statistical
Section at Washington instead of to the district representative.
25. State fuel administrators may make diversions of coal con-
signed to their respective States in the event that such diversions
are necessary to relieve emergencies, but in no event shall they
divert coal consigned to consumers whose requirements are under
direct supervision of Washington, except on specific authority from
Washington. In all cases of diversion by a State fuel adminis-
trator he shall immediately report the diversion to the original con-
signee, the new consignee, and the district representative in whose
district the coal originated, giving in each case, car number and
initial and kind of coal. The district representative shall transmit
this information to the shipper. Local administrators, when
authorized by State administrators, may make diversion of coal
consigned to their respective territories under the same conditions
and restrictions as above noted. In such cases they must imme-
diately report to the State fuel administrator the same information
in regard to the diversion, indicated above, which information will
be promptly transmitted by the State fuel administrator to all
parties affected. In making diversions State fuel administrators
shall at all times respect the boundaries established by the trans-
portation zone system. *\
COMPILATION OF INDUSTRIAL PREFERENCE LISTS.
26. Each State fuel administrator, with the assistance of his
local fuel administrators, is hereby directed to compile as promptly
as possible a list of all manufacturing plants which are entitled
to be on the War Industries Board’s preference list in each com-
munity within his State. (See supplemental letter dated June 3,
1918, covering the preference list program in greater detail.) This
list will be compiled from returned postal-card questionnaires sent
out to all manufacturing plants by the statistical section at Wash-
ington. This postal-card questionnaire is attached as Form E.
27. Copies of these lists as assembled are to be sent forward to
the director of State distribution at Washington each day and as
rapidly as these lists are received at Washington copies will be
made for distribution to the district representatives. .
REPORTS FROM CONSUMERS TO STATE FUEL ADMINISTRATORS AND
STATISTICAL SECTION.
28. Each consumer in classes (c) to (g), inclusive, is required
to make a weekly report in duplicate in regard to his coal situa-
tion, one copy going to his State fuel administrator and one copy
going to the statistical section of the Fuel Administration at Wash-
ington. This report will show the amount of coal on hand at the
first of each week, the receipts during the week, the consumption
(or for retail dealers, the distribution) during the week, the amount
of coal on hand at the end of the week, the number of days’ supply
which this amount of coal on hand represents, and the producing
district from which the consumer is receiving coal. The blank
for the transmission of this information from industries and public
utilities is attached as Form G, and from retail dealers as Form H.
The postal card form on which these reports will be made will be
sent in quantity lots direct from the statistical section at Wash-
ington to the consumer from whom reports are required. In putting
this plan into effect the public utilities, ratail dealers, and manu-
facturing plants consuming over 500 tons per annum will be covered
first, followed later by the Smaller manufacturing plants.
ALLOTMENT OF COAL BETWEEN STATES.
29. At an early date a statement will be sent from the Fuel
Administration at Washington to each State fuel administrator
advising of his bituminous and anthracite tonnage allotments,
exclusive of tonnage required for classes (a) and (b), for the coal
year ending March 31, 1919, from each coal-producing district,
together with the names and addresses of the district representa-
tives who are to direct the shipments. A similar statement will
also be sent by the Fuel Administration to each district represent-
ative, giving the tonnage allotment to each State within his ship-
ping zone, together with the names and addresses of the State
fuel administrators in each of these States.
UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
LETTER TO DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES.
Accompanying the program an explanatory letter has been
sent by J. D. A. Morrow, general director of distribution of the
Fuel Administration, to each district representative. The letter
explains, in Some detail, just what is required of district repre-
sentatives in performing their part of the work, and is reproduced
below. So that operators may be acquainted with the district repre-
Sentative’s functions and thus be enabled to cooperate with and
assist them to the fullest possible extent. The letter reads:
Inclosed you will find a complete and comprehensive program
covering coal distribution for the coming year. From it you will
note that—
1. A list of preference consumers is being compiled which will
be the basis of the distribution program. You will be furnished
with lists of class (f) preference consumers by the statistical section
at Washington as rapidly as the lists are assembled. Preference
consumers in classes (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) you will be able to
recognize without detail lists. The War Industries Board will
establish degrees of preference within class (f) from time to time,
and the Distribution Division will keep you fully advised in regard
to these reclassifications.
2. A specific amount of coal from each producing district will be
allotted to each State within its shipping zone. The statistical
section will advise you of these tonnage allotments. The original
allotments may be varied from time to time in such a manner as
may be found necessary to effect a proper and equitable distribu-
tion over the entire country. You will receive notification when-
ever such changes are made.
3. The Distribution Division at Washington will give you ship-
ping instructions on coal moving to certain plants which will be
under the direct supervision of Washington. You will give first
consideration to these orders at all times.
4. The State fuel administrators will advise you from time to
time—weekly—when necessary, in regard to necessity for increasing
shipments to those consumers in the preference classes who are not
making proper progress in stocking coal and decreasing shipments
where too much of a stock is being accumulated by a consumer in
any class. You shall then instruct your operators in accordance
therewith.
5. Subject to instructions as to general policies issued by Wash-
ington from time to time, the State fuel administrators have the
entire responsibility for the distribution of all coal allotted to their
respective States, except that moving under direct instructions
from Washington, and you are, therefore, to fill requisitions which
they may place with you, provided you can do so without interfer-
ing with your shipping instructions from Washington or ignoring
preference rules of the War Industries Board in effect at the time.
In placing orders with your individual operators, do not interfere
any more than is absolutely necessary with existing contract rela-
tionship between producers and consumers, and do not at any time
place further orders with those operators who are already shipping
their entire tonnage on preference orders, unless it is absolutely
necessary in order to provide for some first-degree preference
requirement.
6. You will make up a weekly report on the form which will be
Specified by the statistical Section, which report will show the classi-
fied distribution of tonnage shipped from your respective districts
during the preceding week. This report will go to the statistical
Section at Washington and you will mail at the same time to each
State fuel administrator into whose territory you may ship a copy of
that part of the report which refers to the tonnage shipped into his
State. These reports will be made up from daily reports which you
are required to Secure from the coal producers, showing the con-
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 35
signee and designation of each car billed during the day. The
reports from the coal producers should be so prepared and so filed
by you that you will be able at any time to compile tonnage ship-
ments into any subdivision of any State, such as a zone, county, city,
Or to Wn. -
7. You will also continue to make the same weekly reports to the
statistical section which you are now making, relative to production,
car supply, etc.
Following this plan closely will prevent a recurrence of the con-
fusion of last winter and will enable you to effectively cooperate
with the State fuel administrators and with the administration at
Washington in such a way as to assure top speed for all war industries.
LETTER TO STATE FUEL ADMINISTRATORS.
A somewhat similar letter to that sent district representatives has
been addressed to each State administrator by A. M. Ogle, director
of State distribution of the Fuel Administration. As in the case of
district representatives, instructions are detailed to State adminis-
trators as to their functions. In order that operators may be fully
acquainted with the work required of State administrators by the
Fuel Administration, and thus cooperate with the State adminis-
trators, the letter is reproduced below:
The distribution program, issued under date of May 25, 1918,
provided a complete and comprehensive plan for the distribution of
the country’s coal supply.
Briefly summarized, the program contemplated:
1. That a list of preference consumers will be compiled in each
State, which is to be the basis of the distribution program. A
supplemental letter will explain in detail how the preference list is
to be compiled.
2. A definite amount of bituminous and anthracite coal will be
allotted to you from each producing district within whose shipping
zone your State is located. The distribution division at Washington
will advise you of these allotments.
3. The district representative in charge of these producing
districts will send you a weekly report of the amount of coal shipped
into your State during the previous week. These reports will show
the tonnage shipped to consumers under each of the classifications
set out in the distribution program, and the records of the district
representatives will be so kept that they will be able to furnish
information in regard to coal shipped to any particular town or
community, whenever such information may be found necessary.
4. Each consumer of coal under each of the classiſications set out
in the distribution program, except those under (a), (b), (h),
(i), and (j), will make a weekly report to you on postal-card Forms
G and H, which will show the progress being made in accumulating
an adequate stock of coal. A copy of this report will go to the sta-
tistical division of the Fuel Administration at Washington for proper
tabulation, and the statistical division will furnish you weekly
compiled Statements giving the totals of all the information con-
tained on all the weekly reports received from the individual con-
Sumers within your territory.
From the weekly reports received from the district representatives
you will be able to check the rate of shipments from each producing
district into your State, as against the total allotment to which you
are entitled, and you will also have before you the general distribu-
tion of this tonnage among the different classifications of consumers.
From the reports received from the individual consumers you
will be able to determine what instructions should be sent to the
district representatives to increase shipments to certain consumers
and check shipments to others in order that all coal shall be dis-
tributed in accordance with the preference orders issued by the War
Industries Board, which will be communicated to you by the
director of State distribution. District representatives are required
to comply with such instructions received from you, provided they
have sufficient coal available after making shipments on orders
issued direct from Washington. These orders from Washington
will cover only (a) railroad, (b) Army and Navy and other Govern-
ment departments, and some few plants in classes (d) and (f).
This program accordingly places in you entire authority and
responsibility for distribution of coal allotted to your State, sub-
ject only to general instructions issued by the director State dis-
tribution at Washington from time to time. These general instruc-
tions, in turn, will be governed by preference orders from the War
Industries Board.
The weekly reports from the statistical division will give you a
general résumé of the situation over your entire State. At the
same time, the distribution division, at Washington will have
before it, each week, a general resume of the situation over the
entire country, and will thus be in a position to determine whether
or not each consuming district is receiving its proper allotment.
Changes in the allotments may be found necessary from time to
time, in order to insure an equitable distribution as between States.
You will note that you are not required to compile or tabulate
any of the reports which you receive, as the statistical division at
Washington will do all of that work for you. If you have some
particular form on which you wish to classify or compile the infor-
mation from the reports which you receive, you may use such form
in your own office, if you so desire, but it is our plan to relieve you
of all of the compiling and tabulating work possible, so that you
will only be required to file the weekly reports as received in order
that they may be available for ready reference at any time.
In determining the general policy for distribution at Washing-
ton, our main object has been to provide a plan that will furnish
the necessary fuel to drive all war industries at top speed so long
as the war continues. We ask you to join with us and with the
district representatives in putting this plan into effect in such a
manner as will cause the least disturbance to the existing machinery
for coal distribution that has been built up over a long period of
years by men engaged in the coal industry. In attempting to
Secure coal for any particular consumer, either to increase his
storage pile or to meet Some immediate emergency, it should be
your policy to first make an effort to secure coal from the regular
and usual Source of supply before making a requisition in any other
direction. *
If during the past year you have built up an efficient system of
your own, which covers the general requirements outlined in the
new distribution program, we will not ask you to discard this sys-
tem, but we will ask and āssist you to make only such minor
adjustments as are essential to comply with the general program.
It will be at all times the purpose of the director State distribution
to work with you to accomplish the desired results, and within the
next few days we will write you explaining in detail the method
to be followed in assembling the preference list, and also how it
is to be used after it is assembled.
WORK OF THE BUREAUS AND SECTIONS.
BUREAU OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND CORE.
GENERA. DISCUSSION.
The bureau of bituminous coal, later enlarged to
include coke, had the largest responsibility of any
of the subdivisions of the distribution division. Not
only is bituminous coal produced in larger quantities
than other fuels, and its use more widespread, but
its utilization is closely associated with that of both
coke and anthracite. *
The work of this bureau was so complex that
but a brief survey of its activities as a whole can
be attemped here, and the reader is referred to the
records on the following pages of the various sections of
the bureau for more detailed discussion of their work.
To the director, Mr. A. W. Calloway, and to Mr. S. L.
Yerkes, assistant director, fell the responsibility of final
decision on all zone modifications, and all questions
36
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
of distribution of bituminous coal that arose between
sections; for example, the distribution of Pocahontas
coal between by-product ovens in Chicago and army
transports at Hampton Roads; the division of gas
coal from the Fairmont field between steel mills
in Pennsylvania and gas plants in New England.
The coal that was produced in 1918 was the coal
this bureau was to distribute. It is interesting,
therefore, to compare production in this period with
that in preceding years. In figure 19 is shown the
production of bituminous coal, by months, from
1913 to the end of the coal year, 1918–19. In 1918
there were six successive months in which production
exceeded 50,000,000 tons, a record never before
attained.
those consumers, as by-product plants, steel mills,
and malleable iron works, really dependent on such
coal. Many exchanges of tonnages between con-
sumers, substituting lower grade coal for gas coal,
were made, of necessity at times arbitrarily, in order
to keep the coke ovens and steel mills in operation.
The success that attended this program is well illus-
trated in figures 23 to 26, which show for all by-
product coke oven plants and iron and steel mills
the stocks of the several kinds of coal throughout the
year, compared with consumption. From a two weeks'
supply of both high and low volatile coal at by-
product plants early in 1918, stocks were more than
doubled by the date of the armistice. From one week's
supply of gas coal in the first two months of 1918, re-

6O
|L.A.
\
:
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N \
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W-
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§ 3. W
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§ 20
15
IO
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O Lillilill ill ill || || || || || || || || || ull | |
JANi JULY JAll JULY JAN, JULY JAli JULY JAli. JULY JAli, JUDY. JAli.
|9|35 |S|4 1915 1916 1917 1913 ISIS)
FIG. 19.-Production of bituminous coal, by months, 1913–1918, in net tons.
The rate of production of bituminous coal, week
by week, in the coal year 1918–19 is compared graph-
ically in figure 20 with the output in the preceding
year. In figures 21 and 22 are shown the estimates
of production, by weeks, in 1917 and 1918, by
States and groups of States.
Coals of special quality always command the
market and during the war the demand for by-product
and gas coals was exceedingly strong—so strong in
fact that at times it appeared impossible to meet it.
A careful study of the requirements for coals of
this quality and of the capacity and production of
mines from which these coals were obtainable removed
all doubts as to the actual sufficiency of the avail-
able supply. The problem then was to divert from
consumers not dependent on special grades of coal to
serves for more than six weeks were piled up by Novem-
ber 1. Likewise huge reserves of steam coal were accu-
mulated at the steel plants. The program of the dis-
tribution division of building up storage piles at
essential plants during the summer against a pos-
sible repetition of a winter as severe as that of 1917–18,
was assured when hostilities ceased.
New England claimed the need of 34,000,000 net
tons of bituminous coal for the year beginning April 1,
1918, for all purposes, including railroad fuel. The
writer recommended a budget for New England of
27,500,000 tons of bituminous coal. Mr. Calloway in
March, 1918, set the figure at 30,000,000 tons, but
predicated this upon a total production of bituminous
coal in the United States of over 600,000,000 tons,
the total buget having not, at that time, been agreed
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
NET TONS .
15,000, OOO I
N. . - 7W -
Y-N 1918-19
A N. f F-' \ |
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Od > 2 Or ſº
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§ 3. B = < *; 3 : 3 & # <!
FIG. 20.-Production of bituminous coal in the United States, by weeks, from April 1, 1917, to April 5, 1919.
à 5 # 5
# * * * * * * * * * : * : * H H = , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
sº sº. . . ; ; ; ; sº sº tº sº sº. J. J. S. S. # 5 § $3 ! sº S 4 r.
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g VZ NZ */ VA- }= y Y y \ ^+-W / W
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0. |-FENNSYLVANIA - - A-STATES WEST ºf MISSISSIPPI RVER
2-ll/NOIS, INDIANA - 5-ALABAMA, GEORGIA, KINTUCKY, TENNESSEE
3-MARYLAND, Wilſ.INIA, WEST WIRGINIA 8-0||


FIG. 21.-Production of bituminous coal in 1917 and 1918, by groups of States, estimated by weeks.
38
REPORT of DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
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FIG.22.-Production of bituminous coal in 1917 and 1918, in Michigan and States west of Mississippi River, estimated by weeks.
|-|ULſlfi'ſ][]
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FIG. 23.-Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of low volatile coal at by-product coke-oven plants in the United States, by
63/6.
weeks, January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919.





DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
§
9 /6 &S /5 22 A3
Jø/7 /*/ Aor Jø/7& J%/y c5ep /Yoy J27/7
/9/5 J3/9.
FIG. 24–Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of high volatile coal at by-product coke-oven plants in the United States, by weeks,
January 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919. - -
fya 77-yyy se"
J/ fº z/
/ºrſ;
</d/? /º/, //c/? Jø73 J%/y Cºo 42-c. º,
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FIG. 25.-Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of gas coal at iron and steel plants and mills in the United States, by weeks, January 1,
- 1918, to February 1, 1919. -


40 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
upon. It was further arranged that one-third, or
10,000,000 net tons of the New England budget
should be all-rail shipments, mainly from the coal
fields of central Pennsylvania, and the remainder,
Ayerſ 7arys
sº AG
Jø2. /*b. Apr.
49/9
vºzd' ~4/y
meet it were not in sight in the early months of the
coal year. Because of the uncertainties of transpor-
tation, more particularly by water, in the winter, it
was agreed that 60 per cent of the New England
AO fº $25 &62 A4 A/
Aſog, c542. Ócſ
Aº
c/ø/2
ASP/3.
FIG. 26.-Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of steam coal at iron and steel plants and mills in the United States, by Weeks, January 1,
1918, to February 1, 1919.
20,000,000 tons, should be water-borne, mainly
from Hampton Roads and New York Harbors. The
quantity to be shipped by rail did not appear impos-
//577.2/y,3
<5 Oooooo
/. % 73 /4 /2. S. Z //
FIG. 27.-Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of bituminous coal at
industrial plants in New England, April 1, 1918, to February 1, 1919.
sible of attainment for more than 9,000,000 tons had
been shipped into New England by rail in 1917.
The tidewater budget of 20,000,000 tons, however,
presented a problem, because both ships and coal to
budget, 18,000,000 tons, should be shipped in the
first six months of the coal year, April to September,
inclusive, and the remainder, 12,000,000 tons, in
the winter months, October, 1918, to March, 1919,
inclusive. Throughout the summer the rail move-
ment thus scheduled was practically maintained,
but shipments to tide were not, despite the utmost
efforts of the Shipping Board to provide the ships and
the distribution division to furnish the coal. In the
diagrams (figs. 28 to 30) are shown graphically the
shipments by rail and tide to New England, as com-
pared with the budget.
So plentiful had bituminous coal become in New
England by October that the Federal Fuel Adminis-
trator of New England, Mr. J. J. Storrow, on Novem-
ber 7, 1918, suggested a reduction in the total budget
from 30,300,000 to 27,300,000 tons. (The reduction
is shown graphically in figure 30.) His letter setting
forth the reasons prompting this suggestion, follows:
UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
. Washington, D. C., 7 November, 1918.
DEAR SIRs: On March 14, at a final conference in Washington,
the New England allotment of bituminous coal for the coal year
beginning April first, for all purposes including railroads, was fixed
at 30,000,000 short tons.
Our final figures for the first six months of the coal year ending
October first are now at hand and show that there moved into New
England 15,897,748 tons.


DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
41.
If the original shipping schedule had been carried out the move-
ment into New England for the first half of the coal year would
have been 18,000,000 tons, the movement for the balance of the
coal year being figured at 2,000,000 tons per month, or 12,000,000
tons additional.
It seems proper at this time to review the whole situation in the
light of present information, and for this purpose a meeting was
Ira N. Hollis, President of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, a
the head of our conservation department, most effective work has
been done. Early in the coal year there was established in prac-
tically every factory in Massachusetts a conservation com-
mittee made up of managers or employees of the company and
representing not merely the boiler room but other departments
| of the factory. President Hollis personally has come in contact
NET TONS
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\al > He - 0. Cº.
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º) tal O O u- u-l Q-
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92 Q
9. 98
FIG. 28.-Diagram showing, by weeks, from April 1, 1918, to April 5, 1919, the movement of bituminous coal to New England. Tidewater shipments are those reported from the ports
of Baltimore, Hampton Roads, Philadelphia, and New York, and the rail shipments are those received at the New England rail gateways, destined for New England consumers.
held to-day of all the New England fuel administrators, and all were
present except Mr. Hamlen, the Maine administrator, who was
represented by Mr. Clifford, assistant to the Maine fuel adminis-
trator, and Mr. Jones, the Vermont fuel administrator, who was ill.
To what extent the March allotment should now be modified
turns chiefly upon the saving which has been effected by the
conservation departments of the several New England States.
Speaking for Massachusetts, we believe that under the plan
inaugurated by Mr. Cobb and now being carried forward by Mr.
with a large proportion of these committees through meetings held
all over the State and developed a fine spirit of cooperation. During
the last few months careful inspection has been going on of all
these plants and at the present time these inspections have been
completed in 75 per cent of the factories. We are not aware of a
single case where owners or managers have not been eager to comply
with every suggestion made by our visiting engineer. In prac-
tically every case our visiting engineer found that the factory fuel
committee had already taken the initiative and effected large
42
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
savings before our engineer visited the plant. It is true that the
Work of the conservation department had been chiefly concerned
with the factories. But in connection with pumping stations
(of which there are a large number in the State), power plants,
office buildings, apartment houses, and other units, much effective
work has also been carried out.
It is obvious that the results of all this work are a matter of esti-
mate. There are a considerable number of cases where the Saving
has run from 25 per cent to 40 per cent, and many cases where the
saving drops to 8 or 9 per cent. In the city of Worcester an especial-
ly careful study of these savings has been made and it is estimated
that the saving in the city of Worcester amounts to at least 100,000
NET TONS
In Connecticut we think the saving will be approximately the
S3LT162.
In Rhode Island conservation work began later than in Massachu- -
setts and the saving will be less, but the total bituminous coal
consumed in the State is a minor factor compared with Mässachu-
setts and Connecticut.
In the three northern States, Maine, New Hampshire, and Ver-
mont, the conservation work also was started later than in Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut, but during these autumn months the
streams in these three northern States have been much higher
than last year and the lakes and rivers to-day contain a excellent
water supply. In these three States the hydroelectire plants are

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N . --TV / 4,44. 77/20A aſ V2 * \ AK v' / -
N / \/ N \ \ -
} v-ſ S/| \ &
O - - ========
KO * 5 Q NO § 1C) (N N- St — —
> |
CY > z —l C) H > O Z to 9:
o “K E J O O ial ºf S.
CO
G-> On
Q 3.
FIG. 29.—Diagram showing, by Weeks, shipments of
tons. It is true, however, that the work in Worcester has been
carried on with extraordinary zeal and efficiency.
The traffic on the railways is somewhat lighter than a year ago
and this will lead to saving here. The electric light companies
and gas companies will burn somewhat more coal. The trolley
companies will use less coal, partly due to the skip-stop system,
adopted the first of May, which is being practiced everywhere,
and also because of inability to man as many cars as last year.
Heating of the cars will continue to be kept down during the cold
months because the trolley companies and the power companies
from which the trolley companies draw part of their power are
going to be overloaded and unable to fully supply the demand.
Take it all in all, in Massachusetts there will probably be an
average saving for all bituminous coal of 10 per cent.
relatively very important and we think this factor probably offsets
the later beginning of their conservation program.
These last few weeks have been mild and this has saved coal.
Our conclusion is that for the whole of New England it is pretty
safe to figure on 2,700,000 short tons (9 per cent reduction in the
allotment) mostly due to conservation work but effected somewhat
by moderate railroad traffic, increased water power in the northern
States, and up to the present time mild weather.
It may be that we have underestimated the savings being effected
by conservation and that later we might feel safe to reduce the
allotment further.
We would suggest that the allotment for the first six months of the
coal year be reduced to the actual amount of coal arriving in those
months, to wit: 15,900,000 tons as compared with the 18,000,000
s
bituminous coal to New England, April 1, 1918, to April 5, 1919, as reported by the Tidewater Coal Exchange at the ports
of Baltimore, Norfolk, and Philadelphia, and New York, combined.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. - - 43
originally planned. This would account for 2,100,000 out of the
2,700,000 tons proposed reduction, and leave 600,000 to be deducted
from the 2,000,000 per month for the six months from October 1
to April 1, making the average shipping Schedule for these months -
1,950,000 tons.
We shall not have for 10 days the final figures for the month of
October, but our preliminary figures indicate that about 2,250,000
short tons of bituminous came into New England in October. This
would be perhaps a normal contribution for October, considering
that October is a favorable transportation month, in order to main-
report. The handling of railroad fuel, not included
in the zone system, is fully described in the following
section of this report.
Stocks of coal are the index of adequacy of supply,
and ample stocks are a guaranty of protection against
shortage. In the spring and summer of 1918 there
was no thought but that the war would continue
through 1919 and because no one could foresee the
3O
25
2O
15
J
(O -4
.
O •,• erºt
2 -1- zº- 2:-
º
22*
|9|8
APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT Nov DEC JAN FEB MAR
!919
FIG. 30.-Diagram showing accumulative, by months, from April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, shipments of bituminous coal to New England by tide and by all-
rail routes compared with the budget established by the Fuel Administration.
tain an average of 1,950,000 tons for the six months from October
1 to April 1. l
Very truly, yours,
JAMES J. STORRow.
Federal Fuel Administrator for New England.
For the most part the problems of geographic dis-
tribution were handled by Zone modifications, and for
the details of these questions the reader is referred to
Part II of this report. Those interested in following
the effects of Zone modification on distribution will
find the detailed statistics of shipments from the pro-
ducing districts and into States in Part III and for all
the important fields and larger consuming States in
graphic form in figures 64 to 158 on pages 97–113 of this
effect on labor supply for both coal mines and railroads
of the 18 to 45 draft, it was deemed the part of wisdom
to induce the storage of coal, if possible, beyond the
immediate needs of the coming winter of 1918–19
against a possible shortage the following year. So
vital to the administration of the distribution program
was current information on stocks that the cost and
difficulty of obtaining such a record, which must be
compiled from reports of not less than 100,000 indi-
viduals, were counted as naught, and the bureau of
statistics was directed to undertake the task. (See
report of bureau of statistics, p. 117 of this report.)
From the first of July, 1918, until after the crisis was



44 - REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
past, the bureau of statistics furnished the bureau
of bituminous distribution weekly reports on consump-
tion and stocks of coal in each State, classified as to
industrials, retail dealers, public utilities, and artificial
gas plants. These data were a positive index of con-
ditions in every section and enabled the distribu-
tion division to proceed with assurance. In August it
became necessary to set limits on the stocks of bitumi-
nous coal that certain classes of consumers would be
permitted to accumulate. The general average of
Ayey" Yazºº
A 2500067
Z00/2020
Z5adoo
JOO!/200
250-700
©
27 J /9
July Aug. Sep. Oct Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
FIG. 31.-Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of gas coal at municipal
gas plants in the United States, by weeks, July 13, 1918, to February 1, 1919.
stocks was satisfactory but the Supplies were not
equally divided. To level up the stocks required
action affecting individual consumers, a matter falling
within the province of the State administrators. The
general policy was, outlined by the distribution divi-
sion in the following circulars and the State adminis-
trators were called upon to treat the situation in their
respective States. Examinations were made of the
weekly reports of stocks and consumption of individ-
uals, on file both with the bureau of statistics at
Washington and with the State administrators.
Consumers with coal on hand in excess of the limits
set were embargoed against receiving additional coal
until the general level had been raised. Thousands
of such temporary embargoes against individual con-
Sumers were made in August and September, 1918.
So effective were the means employed that at short
intervals the limits were raised. It will be noted that
preference in the matter of stocks was given, as in
shipments, to those consumers specifically designated
by the War Industries Board. -
LIMITATIONS UPON STORAGE OF BITUMINOUS COAL
BY INDUSTRIAL PLANTS.
(Circular issued on August 22, 1918.)
The tremendously increasing demand for coal for special war
purposes in the Eastern part of the country, particularly for the
Navy and Transport Service is making it necessary to draw more
heavily on the Eastern coal fields than was originally contemplated.
In order to decide how best to secure this coal for these purposes
with the least disturbance of the coal supply moving to other indus-
tries, a meeting of all State Fuel Administrators East of the Mis-
sissippi and also the States of Minnesota, North Dakota, and South
Dakota was held in Washington on Tuesday, August 20.
At this meeting it was decided that to accomplish the desired
result it would be necessary to limit the amount of coal storage that
industrial plants would be allowed to accumulate and to carry on
hand and to fix a uniform amount for each State.
Lnited States Fuel Administrator Garfield announced the basic
policy of the Fuel Administration as to storage as follows:
“Coal in excess of that required for current operations shall be
delivered to plants not on the preference List of the War Industries
Board only when it is not in demand for use before April 1, 1919,
by consumers on said list, namely, railroads, the Federal Govern-
ment, States, counties, public utilities, retail dealers, or manufac-
turing plants on the Preference List.
“In carrying out this policy, allowance shall be made for dif-
ferences in distances from the mines and for differences in trans-
portation conditions which may require more or less storage at the
beginning of winter to insure uninterrupted operation until the
following spring.”
The following report, framed by a committee of State fuel ad-
ministrators aided by officials of the Administration, was adopted
by the conference, and concurred in by Dr. Garfield:
“The maximum limits of storage indicated for the several States
or parts of States defined hereafter are as follows:
Maximum number days storage bituminous coal allowed until further
notice.
Steam coal. By-proºfand gaS
Non- Non-
s- | Pre- By- IPre-
º ferred fººd prict fººd fººd
ties. indus indi. and gas indus | #d.
tries. | . plants. tries; tries.
Maine.------------------- 120 90 30 120 90 0
Massachusetts, Vermont,
New Hampshire, north-
ern New York..... . . . . . 90 60 30 90 60 0
Connecticut, Rhode
Island------------------ 75 45 20 75 45 0
Southern New York,
New Jersey, Delaware,
eastern Pennsylvania...] 30 30 15 45 30 0
Maryland, District of Co-
lumbia, Virginia,
North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia,
Florida, western Ohio...] 30 30 15 45 30 0

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COEE. 45
Maximum number days storage bituminous coal allowed wrºtil further
notice—Continued.
Maximum number days storage bituminous coat allowed until further
notice—Continued.


Steam coal. By-proºf and gaS
g - | Non- wº re- | Non-
Public|f. prº p: led tº lºº
utili- ferred ge | ferred
... indus- |#j and gas indºsº | iſſº.
tries. j plants. tries. tries.
Western Pennsylvania,
West Virginia, eastern
Rentucky, eaStern
Ohio, western New
York------------------- 30 20 15 45 30 0
Lower Michigan..... . . . . . 90 45 20 60 60 0
Illinois, Indiana, Mis-
souri-------------------------------|------ 60 60 0
Wisconsin, Minnesota,
North fakota, South
Dakota, Upper Mich-
igan--------------------|--|--|--|--|--|--|------ 90 90 0
“It is understood that these limits are mandatory and each Fuel
Administrator is expected to see that the different classes of con-
sumers are not allowed to exceed these limits. At the same time,
it is understood that particular cases may require special treatment
by a State Fuel Administrator, either by way of granting more
stocks of coal than are indicated by these limits, or by restricting
them to a less Supply than indicated by these limits.
“Where a State Administrator decides that the maximum limit
should be exceeded in a special case for some special reason, he
shall have authority to grant a revocable increase in writing for a
specific added number of days. The administrator shall report
each such specific case in writing immediately to the United States
Puel Administration at Washington, which may in writing disap-
prove the extension granted by him. Otherwise, it shall stand
subject to action of the State fuel administrator.
“Any company or concern which is permitted under the zoning
regulations now or hereafter in force, to obtain coal from Illinois,
Indiana, western Kentucky, or from mines west of the Mississippi
River may retain such reserve stock of coal as it shall have on the
effective date hereof, on condition that such company or concern
shall thereafter use screenings or mine run only, for its current
necessities, and shall obtain such screenings or mine run for cur-
rent use only from such last mentioned fields.” :
LETTER TO STATE FUEL ADMINISTRATION SEPTEMBER 13, 1918.
Inclosed you will find modification of the instructions of August
22, governing Stocks of coal of various classes of consumers in
different States. This modification is effective immediately and
extends the storage limits for consumers coming within classes 1, 2,
and 3 of the War Industries Board Preference List No. 2, issued Sep-
tember 3, copy of which is also inclosed.
The storage limits are also extended for nonpreferred consumers
in a few sections of the country where the transportation situation
is unusually difficult in the winter months.
To determine the industries that come within the different classes,
See pages 8 to 11 of War Industries Board Preference List No. 2
pamphlet, also list of plants which have been individually certified
as entitled to preference, pages 12 to 104, inclusive.
Maximum number days storage bituminous coal allowed wntil further
notice.
Non-
Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 || Class 4 preſer-
€IłC0.
Maine. ------------------------ 135 | 120 || 105 90 45
Massachusetts, Vermont, New
Hampshire, Northern New
York------------------------ 105 90 75 60 30
Connecticut, Rhode Island,
Southwestern New York. . . . . 90 75 60 45 20
Southeastern New York, New
Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 50 40 30 20
Non-
Class 1 || Class 2 | Class 3 || Class 4 | prefer-
€11C0.
Delaware, Eastern Pennsyl-
vania, 'Maryland, T)istrict of
Columbia, Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Western Ohio. 45 40 35 30 15
Western, Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, Eastern Kentucky,
Eastern Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 30 25 20 15
Lower Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 75 60 45
NoTE.—There are no restriction on stocks of screenings in Qhio or lower Michigan,
and no restriction on the storage of coal from Indiana and Illinois.
The three districts in the State of New York described as northern
New York, southwestern New York and southeastern New York,
are defined as follows: -
Northern New York.-That portion of the State of New York
lying north of the line of the Boston & Albany Railroad from the
Massachusetts-New York State Line to Albany and the line of the
§: York Central Railroad from Albany through Syracuse to
swego. -
Southeastern New York.-That portion of the State of New York
lying South and east of, and including, points on the line of the
Boston & Albany Railroad from the New York-Massachusetts State
Line to Albany, the New York Central Railroad, Albany to Schenec-
tady and the Delaware & Hudson Railroad, Schenectady to the
point of crossing with the New York-Pennsylvania State Line.
Southwestern New York.-That portion of the State of New York
lying west of the line of the Delaware & Hudson Railroad, beginning
at the point of crossing with the New York-Pennsylvania State
Line and running to Schenectady and south of the line of the New
York Central Railroad, Schenectady through Syracuse to Oswego,
including points on the line of the New York Central Railroad, as
above described.
INCREASED CoAL STORAGE WAS AUTHORIZED ON OCTOBER 16, 1918,
IN THE FOLLOWING CIRCULAR.
Increased storage of bituminous coal by consumers was author-
ized to-day in regulations issued by the United States Fuel Admin-
istration.
All classes of consumers, except class 1, as defined by the War
Industries Board, were authorized to increase their reserve stocks,
and those heretofore not on the preference list were authorized to
lay in additional reserve supplies. Consumers in class 2 may store
their coal up to the limits now imposed on class 1. Consumers
heretofore in class 3 will receive the facilities heretofore accorded
to class 2, and consumers in class 4, have been allotted the opportu-
nities heretofore reserved for class 3. Consumers not on the pre-
ference list are allowed the stocks formerly permitted class 4 con-
Cer InS.
The regulations, it was announced, will stand until further notice,
and it was stated that, under them, an opportunity is afforded every
industrial consumer for laying in at this time some reserve supply
of bituminous coal.
Regulations in detail are as follows:
CONSUMERS IN CLASSES 1 AND 2.
Maine, 135 days; Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire,
northern New York, 105 days; Connecticut, Rhode Island, south-
western New York, 90 days; southeastern New York, and New
Jersey, 60 days; Delaware, eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, District
of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
Florida and western Ohio, 45 days; western Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Ohio, 35 days; lower Michi-
gan, 90 days.
CONSUMERS IN CLASS 3.

Maine, 120 days; Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire,
northern New York, 90 days; Connecticut, Rhode Island, south-
Western New York, 75 days; southeastern New York and New Jer-
Sey, 50 days; Delaware, eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, District
of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
I'lorida, western Ohio, 40 days; western Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, eastern Rentucky, and eastern Ohio, 30 days; lower
Michigan, 75 days,
46 r REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
CONSUMERS IN CLASS.4.
Maine, 105 days; Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, north-
ern New York, 75 days; Connecticut, Rhode Island, Southwestern
New York, 60 days; southeastern New York and New Jersey, 40
days; Delaware, eastern Pennsylvania,. Maryland,. District of
Columbia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia,
Florida, western Ohio, 35 days; western Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and eastern Ohio, 25 days; lower
Michigan, 60 days.
CONSUMERS NOT ON THE PREFERENCE LIST ARE LIMITED TO THE
FOLIOWING STOCKS .
Maine, 90 days; Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and
northern New York, 60 days; Connecticut, Rhode Island, South-
western New York, 45 days; southeastern New York and New Jer:
sey, 30 days; Delaware, eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, District
of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
Florida and western Ohio, 30 days; western Pennsylvania, West
Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Ohio, 20 days; lower Michigan,
45 days.
There is no restriction on the stocks of Screenings which may be
accumulated by either preference or nonpreference consumers, nor
b
is there any restriction on the stocks of Indiana, Illinois, or Western
coal, which consumers in any class may obtain.
º &
Supervision of the accumlation of stocksin accordance with these
limits will be exercised by the several State fuel administrators who
are authorized to make exceptions where special conditions make it
necessary.
RAILROAD FTUEL SECTION.
The railroads of the country had been able prior to
1917 to secure, through contract and purchase, suffi-
cient coal to supply their needs. The coming of the
war and the consequent enormous increase in demand
for coal for all purposes made the railroad fuel prob-
lem a matter of serious concern. The Fuel Adminis-
tration, in deciding on a program of providing the
necessary supply of satisfactory fuel for railroad use
and of enforcing the proper distribution of it with the
least possible interference with the war program and
with a maximum of transportation efficiency, settled
on the policy of treating the problem as national
rather than as individual.
Prior to the war each railroad determined for itself
the kind and quality of coal it required and indicated
its preference as to the coal-producing district it should
come from. The ordinary commercial method of
bargaining on a competitive basis was then used to
obtain this supply of coal, the railroads agreeing in
most instances to furnish to the producer the number
of cars required to move the coal, with the result that
in producing districts with a normally poor car sup-
ply there was competition among operators for rail-
road fuel business because of the assurance of car
supply. Regardless of other evils that may have fol-
lowed from this practice, one result was that of tying
up for railroad fuel purposes large tonnages of coal
that were necessary for war purposes.
Maximum efficiency of railroad motive power can
not be secured unless the fuel coal is right, and it was
very necessary, therefore, that the plan to be out-
lined should insure to the railroads an ample supply
of proper coal at all times, and also must take into ac-
count the elimination of unnecessary car mileage and
the minimum use of railroad cars for storage purposes.
It was recognized also that any plan adopted should
also provide that, so far as possible, railroad fuel,
while requiring and receiving preferred attention,
should not be provided from producing districts hav-
ing only a limited production of special grades of coal
absolutely required for war purposes, nor should it be
assembled from producing fields in such a manner as
to result in arbitrary discrimination against mine labor
in certain sections of each field, but rather, so far as
practicable, to give all mine labor an equal opportu-
nity in the work of producing the tonnage required.
It was appreciated that the question of labor was a
very vital factor, and that unless some change was
made in the prevailing system of assembling coal ton-
nage for railroad fuel use there was grave possibility
that not only would the patriotism of a large number
of mine workers be destroyed but a serious labor dis-
turbance would result which would most disastrously
affect the production of coal as a whole. -
Next to the effect on labor was that on individuals
and companies producing coal on a competitive basis
with the largest factor of competition, viz, car supply,
arbitrarily allotted in full measure to some mines and
a small percentage to others, even though in both
cases the mines were producing the same character of
coal.
It was also thought that the ownership and opera-
tion of mines by individual railroads, either directly or
indirectly, for their own fuel supply should not be per-
mitted to work hardships upon other operators to the
extent that it would practically make the individual
railroads actual competitors for labor, without the
principal competitive condition of car supply, and
that such mines should be classed as commercial opera-
tions.
Through the cooperation of the officials of the Rail-
road and Fuel Administrations all of the suggestions
contained in the preceding paragraphs for bettering
the method of obtaining railroad fuel coal were
adopted, and the result as outlined in the succeeding
pages reflects the wisdom of carrying out that policy.
The question of assigned cars for railroad fuel use
and the agitation for equal car distribution, which
had been actively brought to the attention of the
Interstate Commerce Commission during the fall
of 1917, when many hearings on the subject had
been held, was one of the most important matters
prosecuted by the Fuel Administration. The rail-
roads were not willing to give up this long-estab-
lished practice because of the disturbing effect they
feared it would have on their fuel supply and the
elimination of the practice of securing through the
custom a reduced price on their coal.
Because of the greatly increased demand for coal
the railroads during the summer and fall of 1917 were
not able to obtain enough coal under contract at
satisfactory prices to meet their requirements. Traffic
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. ' - - 47
on the railroads had increased at an enormous rate
after the entrance of the United States into the war
and an increase in fuel requirements resulted. The
carriers, in order to keep their trains running, re-
sorted to haphazard confiscation of coal moving on
their line, no attention being given to the necessity
of it to the consumer to whom it was consigned. Great
confusion in coal distribution resulted, causing end-
less inconvenience and interruption in the movement
of coal vitally required for domestic and industrial
use. To eliminate this practice, so-called priority
orders were issued by the Fuel Administration in the
winter of 1917–18 to assure an adequate and regular
movement of coal from the mines to certain important
industrial plants and public utilities. Priority orders
at the same time were issued for the benefit of rail-
roads, which orders provided for the manner in
which coal was to be obtained by each railroad, and
directed that all producers on originating roads should
share in the supplying of coal to those lines and that
all having contracts to supply roads not originating
coal should ship fully in those contracts.
The roads for which orders of this character were
issued were:
Pennsylvania Railroad and operated companies.
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and operated companies.
Norfolk & Western Railway and operated companies.
Chesapeake & Ohio Railway and operated companies.
Lehigh Valley Railroad.
Maine Central Railroad and operated company.
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad and operated
companies.
Southern Railway and operated companies.
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.
Pere Marquette Railway.
Seaboard Air Line Railway.
Alabama & Wicksburg Railway and Vicksburg, Shreveport &
Pacific Railway. :
Norfolk Southern Railroad.
Augusta Southern Railroad and Georgia & Florida Railway.
Georgia Southern & Florida Railway, Hawkinsville & Florida
Southern Railway, St. Johns River Terminal Railway, and Macon
& Birmingham Railway.
Louisville & Nashville Railroad.
Delaware & Hudson Co.
Bangor & Aroostook Railroad.
Wabash Railway.
Erie Railroad and operated companies.
New York, Ontario & Western Railway.
New York Central Railroad.
Under these priority orders the Fuel Administra-
tion was supplied by each road with a weekly state-
ment of orders placed with each mine for the suc-
ceeding week's shipment, with a division of such
orders between those covered by contract or by
requisition.
This method, however, did not remedy the general
coal situation but did eliminate in large degree the
practice of confiscation and assured the railroads of
their supply, which was the purpose of the order. It
took away from the Fuel Administration the direct
123976°—19—PT I—4
pay under such an arrangement.
control of railroad fuel distribution, and as a result
numerous orders were placed by the Fuel Adminis-
tration with producers to ship to certain industrials
when the railroad had already “billed” that producer
for their supply of coal. Under the form of organiza-
tion in the Fuel Administration in the fall of 1917 it
was impossible to regulate the distribution of coal for
railroad fuel from a central office.
When, early in 1918, the Fuel Administration was
reorganized and district representatives appointed in
each producing district with control over the move-
ment of coal from their respective fields, a measure of
direct contact was had with the coal producer and
efficient control was had over the distribution of coal
not only to the railroads but to all consumers.
At a meeting of railroad fuel representatives and
coal operators on March 1, 1918, the following rail-
road fuel policy was proposed:
1. To provided a definite and dependable supply of good fuel
for the railroads.
2. To avoid excessive use of transportation in obtaining rail-
road fuel.
3. To retain for other uses Some coals of special quality which
are now being used as railroad fuel coal.
4. To So distribute railroad fuel in connection with all other
distribution as to obtain as nearly as possible equal running time
for all mines. g
Plans for working arrangements between the Fuel
and Railroad Administrations were instigated as early
as March 2, 1918, and were eventually, though not for
months, carried into effect.
The railroads, however, still used assigned cars with
resultant unequal car distribution, and it was not
until the middle of May, 1918, that the Railroad Ad-
ministration agreed to eliminate this practice and
provide uniform rules and regulations for equal car
distribution. *
One of the principal objections by the railroads to
the installation of a system of equal car distribution
and the elimination of assigned cars was the effect it
would have upon the price which they would have to
Having previously
used the assigned car practice to secure a reduced
price on their fuel they felt that some advantage
should be given them if assigned cars should be elimi-
nated. It was not the opinion, however, of the Fuel
Administration or of coal operators that any particular
industry, under such an arrangement, should have any
advantage over any other industry. Conceding, how-
ever, that a larger production of coal might be ex-
pected to result should there be equal distribution of
cars and that one consequence might be a reduction in
the cost of production, it was felt that it would be
proper to reduce the price of coal for all consumers.
This was done by the Fuel Administrator in an order
issued May 24, 1918, reducing the price of coal 10 cents
per ton, which order was issued concurrently with the
agreement had with the Railroad Administration to
48 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
eliminate assigned cars and to put in effect equal car
distribution.
On May 20, 1918, a separate section, designated as
“Railroad Fuel Distribution Section,” was created
under the bureau of bituminous coal of the distribu-
tion division, with W. A. Marsh in charge as manager
and H. G. Parker as assistant. Coal for railroad fuel
having been recognized as heading the list of all
classes of users, the duties of this section were most
important. Its activities were to provide for an
adequate and regular supply of coal for railroad fuel
purposes and to provide for storage to tide over emer-
gencies, at the same time having in mind other vital
war necessities in which coal played a particular part.
On May 31, 1918, the Railroad and Fuel adminis-
trations agreed upon a working plan relative to
handling and furnishing railroad fuel. The following
is a copy of the memorandum of understanding
entered into by the two administrations: &
Memorandum of understanding—Railroad and Fuel Administrations—
Friday, May 31, 1918.
Fuel Administration and purchasing division, Railroad Admin-
istration, will designate organization to decide as to amounts of coal
for railroad fuel to come regularly from certain districts and from
mines acceptable to Railroad Administration.
Parent organization will be in Washington and other organiza-
tions will be provided for central, western, and southern districts.
The Fuel Administration will not interfere with the movement
of coal from any mine to any railroad, either on contract or current
purchase, except to meet vital war necessities which can not be
cared for otherwise. y
The Fuel Administration will assign coal from any district for
railroad fuel on orders of Railroad Administration, and from mines
acceptable to Railroad Administration, and will not curtail the
railroad orders by transfer to another district except to meet vital
war necessities, for which full and satisfactory reasons will be given.
Empty cars will be distributed to the mines in the several dis-
tricts so as to produce, over reasonable periods, a supply for each
mine according to its ratable proportion, but will not attempt to
follow a daily percentage, and this will not be departed from except
where for railroad or war needs the Fuel Administration at Washing-
ton, through the car service section, shall request otherwise.
In order to develop the best uniform rule, it is understood that the
two administrations will proceed at once to put the equal car distri-
bution into effect on the New York Central, east, Buffalo, Rochester
& Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh & Shawmut, Buffalo & Susquehanna,
Pittsburgh & Lake Erie, Pennsylvania Railroad, east, and Baltimore
& Ohio, east, railroads and short line connections, and that the same
methods, or as near thereto as practicable, will be promptly fol-
lowed on other lines until all roads have been cared for.
In accordance with the foregoing memorandum the
equal car distribution plan was made effective on the
dates noted below: *
June 24, 1918. Pennsylvania Railroad, eastern lines; Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad, eastern lines.
July 5, 1918. All lines in the eastern Allegheny and Pocahontas
regions.
July 10, 1918. All lines in the United States.
1 See copies of letters addressed to operating officers of the Pennsylvania and
Baltimore & Ohio Railroads, and to regional directors involved, by the car service
Section of the Railroad Administration, which are shown at the end of this report
(pp. –).
Simultaneously with the above action the Fuel
Administration issued orders 1 to all district repre-
sentatives to the effect that all coal operators were to
continue to furnish railroads with fuel in the same
quantities and from the same districts as theretofore
had been done, subject to future orders of the Fuel
Administration.
The priority orders heretofore mentioned became
ineffective as soon as arrangements through district
representatives could be made to insure 100 per cent
supply, but were not formally canceled until October
14, 1918, although all of them previous to that date
were inactive. To insure 100 per cent supply the
following order was sent to all district representatives:
t AUGUST 22, 1918.
To all district representatives:
There have been cases recently where the tonnage of coal allotted
from a particular district as fuel coal for railroad use has not been
furnished, due to shortage of cars or because of urgent demands for
other steam uses, and while in many cases this shortage has been
made up in the following weeks without seriously disturbing the
supply of railroad fuel, we recently have had several serious cases
of interruption in railroad fuel supply. -
Commencing at once, therefore, you will please arrange to have
the entire weekly tonnage of coal from your district allotted for
railroad fuel purposes filled 100 per cent each week, and if you are
unable for any reason to comply with these instructions please
wire or telephone this office immediately, advising fully the reason
why the order can not be filled 100 per cent, so that we may arrange
to relieve you by supplying the deficiency from some other district,
or assist in aiding you to overcome the shortage by some temporary
changes in distribution.
In any event, however, pending relief, you must take whatever
measures are necessary to protect the railroad fuel supply in order
that no interruptions of any kind in the way of transportation may
he chargeable to an insufficient supply of fuel coal.
When orders are placed with you by this office to requisition coal
for emergency purposes requiring specific grades of coal, and such
order interferes with the regular supply of fuel coal for the railroads,
please understand that you are required to automatically make
such necessary substitution, so that the full tonnage of railroad
fuel coal will not be interfered with and will go forward as required.
Kindly acknowledge receipt of this letter, advising if understood.
These instructions were predicated on the decision
of the priorities board of the War Industries Board as
expressed in their resolution of June 18, 1918, as
follows:
Resolved, That bunker coal for cargo ships, coal for by-product
Coke plants and gas plants, and railroad locomotive coal be given
precedence over coal for other industries on preference list No. 1,
provided that by-product coke plants and gas plants shall be given
precedence over railroads for their supply of low-sulphur high
volatile coal.
On the following pages is taken up separately the
activities of this section with the results obtained and
the scope of the work under each.
BASIC INFORMATION.
To secure information upon which to operate,
copies and statements of contracts and orders in
! See copy of letter covering this matter appearing at end of this report (p. —),
which was addressed to all district representatives.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
49
effect were secured from the railroads, from which a
budget was prepared showing for each railroad the
amount of coal due from each producing district in
the country. The district representatives made
weekly reports showing the number of cars of coal
supplied each railroad from his district. These
reports compared with the budget furnished a check
on the situation of each railroad.
Monthly reports were received from the larger
roads, showing the receipts, consumption, and stocks
on hand. With these reports it was possible to make
such adjustments as were necessary to supply each
road with sufficient coal for current needs and to
build up stocks. The daily and weekly reports of
the bureau of statistics showed the situation pre-
vailing in each producing district and made it pos-
sible to determine the advisability of temporary shifts
of tonnage when it appeared that a certain district
was falling behind in its production.
NEW ENGLAND RAILROADS.
One of the serious problems confronting the rail-
road fuel section was the supply of fuel coal for the
New England railroads. Having in mind the ex-
perience of the winter of 1917–18 and the probabilities
of another severe winter with no decrease in traffic, it
was considered vitally necessary that these carriers
have on hand by November 1 approximately 90 days'
storage, or 1,500,000 tons of coal. -
On July 1, 1918, the New England roads had about
45 days' stocks. In the four months following, or by
November 1, this stock was increased from 750,000
tons to nearly 1,400,000 tons. Because of the mild
winter following and the falling off of traffic after the
armistice this quantity proved amply sufficient to
carry these carriers through the winter months.
The following tables show the consumption and
stock of the larger New England railroads during the
periods indicated. -
The consumption of bituminous coal by New England railroads by months, in met tons.
1918.
Railroad. April. May. June. July. August. September. Qctober. November. December.
Bangor & Aroostook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,000 9,000 9,900 | 11,000 || 10, 122 || 10, 350 14,700 | 10, 225 12, 292
Boston & Albany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 65,000 || 65,000 | 66,879 | 68,060 | 68,700 | 67,200 | 68,572 61,867 72,432
Boston & Maine- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 150,000 | 150,000 | 156, 240 || 149, 296 || 149, 296 || 145, 376 | 156, 240 | 151, 200 149, 296
Central Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,000 | 18,000 | 18, 600 | 18,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 18,000
Maine Central. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50,000 || 50,000 50,400 || 52, 726 || 51, 159 || 49,939 52,950 50,000 48,700
New York, New Haven & Hartford . . . . . . . . . .] 180,000 | 180,000 | 184,200 | 190,900 182,000 || 177,630 || 177, 199 || 173, 528 170, 805
Rutland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000 | 12,000 | 12,400 | 12,000 || 11, 800 | 12, 200 | 12,000 | 12,000 12,000
Total - - - - ---------------------------- 484,000 || 484,000 || 498, 619 || 501,982 || 491,077 || 480,695 || 499,661 || 476,820 || 483, 525
Stocks of bituminous coal in the hands of New England railroads, in met tons.
1916–1919.1
Railroad. July 1, 1916. an. 1, 1917. July 1, 1917. Jan 1, 1918. July 1, 1918. Oct. 1, 1918. Jan. 1, 1919.
Bangor & Aroostook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 604 22, 177 18, 116 32,795 9, 197 17,000 39,481
Boston & Albany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 294 28,830 26, 723 48,793 35, 794 78, 531 61,202
Boston & Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511,385 330, 361 368,091 252,975 149,848 420, 864 459,714
Central Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,002 18, 355 8,877 19,633 19, 365 49,276 41,819
Maine Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,005 40,229 58,460 17,975 56,400 96, 211 il 9, 266
New York, New Haven & Hartford . . . . . . . . 299, 865 612, 683 555,777 511,883 354, 546 442, 342 408,397
Rutland----------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 361 37, 713 32, 722 57, 186 39,299 46, 596 48,890
Total - - . sº º e º 'º - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 960, 516 | 1,090, 348 1, 068, 766 941, 240 664, 449 | 1, 150, 820 1,017, 684
1 These figures do not include tonnage en route on the dates indicated. 1918
Railroad. July 1, 1918. Aug. 1, 1918. Sept. 1, 1918. Oct. 1, 1918. Nov. 1, 1918. Dec. 1, 1918. Jan. 1, 1919.
Bangor & Aroostook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~. 9, 197 12, 925 12, 137 30, 352 37,474 39,580 35,657
Boston & Albany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 294 50, 132 78,991 88, 531 82,788 78,871 77,202
Boston & Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,246 268,774 326,335 447, 864 460, 215 || 465,925 486,535
Central Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,822 26,056 35, 559 50, 577 64, 829 61, 324 50,117
Maine Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 150 61, 221 96, 710 103,010 117,441 114, 463 119, 266
New York, New Haven & Hartford . . . . . . . . 401, 385 413, 937 416, 549 498,079 573, 304 545, 576 426, 371
Rutland.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42, 259 43,493 44, 628 49, 296 50, 524 50, 136 52, 500
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --------- 750, 353 876, 538 | 1,010,909 | 1,267, 709 | 1,386, 575 1,355,875 1, 247, 648



- 50 . - REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
RAILROAD FUEL AND THE LAKE PROGRAM.
Until the middle of July, 1918, the shipments of
coal to the Lakes was behind schedule to such a degree
that some measure of relief was necessary to increase
that movement. An examination of the railroad fuel
orders (which had preference) placed in districts serv-
ing the Lake trade disclosed the fact that there was
being drawn by railroads from such fields as Ohio more
coal for storage purposes than was customary at that
season of the year and that their orders for current
supply had been unduly increased in proportion to the
production of those districts. The matter was made
the subject of immediate consideration by the Rail-
road and Fuel Administrations with the result that
the railroads stopped taking coal for storage purposes
from the Pittsburgh and No. 8 Ohio districts and,
where it was possible, transferred orders for coal from
the east to the Indiana and Illinois fields and to a
smaller extent to other fields not shipping to the
Lakes. Also, in the No. 8 Ohio district some railroads
replaced their lump coal orders with run-of-mine or
smaller screened sizes and made available the lump
for Lake shipment.
Several railroads voluntarily reduced their orders
in the Ohio and Pittsburgh districts and placed them
in other fields. Others could not easily do this and
called upon the Fuel Administration for assistance.
The following statement shows the amount involved
in the transfers covered by requisitions made by this
section:
Transfers of railroad fuel ordered by the Fuel Administration.
Railroad. District. tº:... Transferred to-
Baltimore & Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh 200 | No. 6 Ohio
No. 8. district.
O - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---do------- 1, 450 Indiana.
Pennsylvania Lines west. . . . . ---do------- 2,000 O
Lake Erie & Western. . . . . . . . . Hocking. . 400 DO
New York Central. . . . . . . . . . . . ---do. . . . . . . 1, 560 Do
Michigan Central. . . . . . . . . . . . . ---do------- 1,664 DO
O- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - do... . . . . 512 Do.
Do- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ... do. . . . . . . 384 Do.
New York Central & St. Louis. . . . do. . . . . . . 250 | Stopped.
Do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh 350 | Indiana.
No. 8.
Do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do... . . . . 1,000 DO
Big Four. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . 750 DO
O - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hocking. 1,000 DO
Do- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---do------- 150 DO.
Do--------------------- . . .do------- 120 Do.
Erie..... -------------------. Pittsburgh 1, 540 | Replaced by
No. 8. Slack.
13, 330
Pittsburgh No. 8 released. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 290
Hocking- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------|------------ 6,040
13, 330
Transferred to—
Other mines in Nos. 6 and ||. . . . . . . . . . . . 200
8 Ohio districts.
Replaced by slack, No. 8 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 540
district.
Indiana mines............]. . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 340
Shipments suspended. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
13, 330
The following charts (figs. 32, 33, and 34) show the
weekly deliveries of railroad fuel coal from mines in
the northern Ohio, Southern Ohio, and Indiana dis-
tricts and strikingly reflect the transfer in coal from
the first two named to the latter district. -
These orders to transfer railroad fuel were issued the
latter part of August and the transfer definitely made
during the first week in September. Considerable de-
lay was occasioned in making effective this plan be-
cause of the necessity of providing the railroads with
a coal which could be suitably substituted for the
Ohio coals previously used and in securing from the
railroads involved accurate data on the subject. It is
estimated that this transfer of railroad fuel coal made
available for Lake business approximately 1,000,000
tons during the two months of the Lake season it was
in operation. This section, having nothing to do with
price regulation, disregarded that item in any of its
work but cooperated with the Railroad Administra-
tion in providing the best coal available for their use.
RELEASE OF GAS COAL.
Early in the coal year of 1918–19 it became evident
that it would be necessary to conserve in every possible
manner the supply of by-product and gas coals in order
that the program of the War Industries Board for the
production of steel could be successfully fulfilled. It
was ascertained that approximately 10,000,000 tons
of coal per year was being delivered to the railroads of
the East for fuel purposes from coal fields whose pro-
duction in large measure was suitable for by-product
and gas manufacture. -
Distribution officials of the Fuel Administration de-
termined that a large portion of this high-grade coal
being used by the railroads could be made available
for the particular uses to which it alone was adaptable
by transferring the contracts and orders placed by the
railroads at mines producing it to other mines not pro-
ducing a coal suitable for by-product or gas use but
fully satisfactory for railroad fuel consumption.
The cooperation of the Railroad Administration was
finally secured, and an agreement was entered into on
May 31, 1918, for the transfer of all such contracts and
orders as could possibly be so handled, provided the
Railroad Administration and the particular railroad
involved was at the same time supplied with other
satisfactory coal. Later, on August 15, when it be-
came apparent that considerable delay was experienced
in securing the consent of all parties concerned in any
transfer or diversion of this coal, the Railroad Admin-
istration, through the fuel distributor of its central ad-
visory purchasing committee, authorized the manager
of the railroad fuel distribution section to make any
such diversions he found necessary, sending the Rail-
road Administration a statement of the substitution
made on each such action.
Upon investigation it was found that a large portion
of the 10,000,000 tons of coal going to the railroads from
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
51
cARs

sooo ſ
4500
4.OOO
35CO
3OOO
+. 2soo
2OOO
15OO
WOOO
5öO
O
CARS
6 3, 29 ºf 4 in 18 23 8 is 22 29 & 13, 20 27 5 so i7 24 at 7 tº 2 2s a 12 is 2%, 2 a 16 2s so r 14, 21 2e 4 ºn is 25 s
Aſº RIL. . Pºlav’ JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER ocToBER. Novetºe.R DEcºtº BER JANuARY
FIG. 32.—Diagram showing the delivery of coal from northern Ohio to railroads for fuel, by weeks, in 1918,

2500
2000
iboo
1000 |
3OO
6 13 20 27 4 || 16 25 6 is 22 29 @ 13 20 27 3 to 17 24 31 7 14: 2 2s 5 i2 is 26 2 9 le 23 30 T 14 2. ze 4 in a 25
APR!!e MANſ JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER November. DECEMBER JANUARx
FIG. 33.-Diagram showing the delivery of coal from southern Ohio to railroads for fuel, by weeks, in 1918.
52
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
districts producing by-product and gas coal could not
committee of the Railroad Administration through its
be transferred for the following reasons: fuel distributor, and splendid and hearty cooperation
1. Coal was not obtainable from other operations adjacent to the was had from all the railroads directly involved.
railroad involved without interfering with shipments to other by- e
product and gas companies. - Gas coal released by the railroads.
2. Coal being furnished railroads was small sizes for shop use and Quantity per
inot suitable for by-product or gas manufacture. Originating field. Week
3. Coal was from mines which did not have facilities for properly (net tons).
preparing their coal for by-product or gas use or the coal was not Central Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------ 5, 750
suitable for these purposes for other reasons. | | Westmoreland.-------------.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.946
º Greensburg------------------------------.......... 15.394
By consistent effort the transfer of 67,290 tons per | #ji......I................. ió. A60
week of gas coal was effected and other suitable rail- || Fairmºnt----------------------------------......... 4, 500
º New River-------------------------................ 6.000
road fuel supplied to replace the transfer. These | Pºhjºis.....I.I.I.I.I. £500
transfers meant that good quality by-product and gas | {}}ºhoºn.-----------------------------------------. • 10,800
s Bazard--------------------------------------...... 3,000
coal was made available for steel plants and coke Total ãº
ovens at the rate of 3,365,000 tons per year. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = }
CARs
GOOO
* Al Yº
VP
•oco 7
- HA N *N/FRH/
ſ \ | |Y||N,
3OGO | W | /N
25OO
MGOO
looo
soo
& 15 20 27 A 1 i ! & 25 M 8 (5 22, 29 e 15 . 26 ºf 5 to 17 24 31 7 14, 21 te 5 12 is 20, 2 e to 23 30 7 14, 21 28 4 Il 10 & 0
APR ll- NiAY JUN E. JULY August . SEPTENTEER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JAtriuafºx

TIG. 34.—Diagram showing the delivery of coal from Indiana to railroads for fuel by weeks, in 1918.
The statement following shows the quantity of coal
transferred from each of the fields indicated from which
railroads were obtaining gas coal.
The work in connection with the transfer of coal
covered under this heading constituted one of the
most important duties of this section. Constant con-
tact was had with the central advisory purchasing
STOR.A.G.E.
Orders were placed with the district representatives
to supply additional tonnage above the current re-
quirements of the carriers sufficient to insure stocks for
emergencies which might arise. Because of the large
demand in the eastern section of the country for coal
to supply war industries, it was impossible to carry
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 53
out the storage program of the Railroad Administra-
tion on the railroads in that section. -
As a consequence, up until October, 1918, the rail-
roads had not accumulated stocks to meet this program.
$3.
(3
Q
ºf) &
§ &
7 —y
3 { - A
• R A/
# |\ &
<--> \\ AW,
3 W &
× 5 \ V:
\ 2ſ cºz'
\, lº
4}. V N- _-T >< zº-
Y--J.-- ..]” ~-Jº
2^
3 *
gº
£3×
%
2
! !— relº
O
£277/E/º/V.
°usz UANU.NESFTUUUFTURNUAEYT JUSTJANUARY
194G 1917 $918 J919
FIG. 35.-Diagram showing the stocks of fuel coal in the hands of railroads at Six
months' intervals, July, 1916, to January, 1919.
It was vitally necessary that some step be immedi-
ately taken to make up this tonnage, and therefore
orders were given to district representatives to supply
a definite tonnage to certain roads to make up this
with their current consumption.
deficiency. The following chart shows the trend of
bituminous coal storage on railroads and clearly shows
the result of the unified efforts of both the Railroad
and Fuel Administrations to bring the storage of coal
on the railroads up to a point of safety:
14.
8
3
:
O
JUNE JUAN' . AUGUST SEPTENASER OCTO&ER NOVEMBER DECEMBER,
1918 Wºlò
FIG. 36.-Diagram showing the consumption and stocks of bituminous coal by
railroads, by months, June to December, 1918.
With the signing of the armistice and the resulting
decrease in railroad traffic, the stocks of coal carried
by the railroads was by far too large in comparison
A mild winter also
contributed to this effect. As a result the railroads
carried over into the coal year 1919 very much larger
stocks of coal than had occurred any time during their
history.

54
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Railway fuel.
Stock on hand—Comparative statement.
July 1, 1916. Jan. 1, 1917. July * 1917. Jan. 1, 1918. July 1, 1918. Jan. 1, 1919.
Eastern district (64 roads), ... . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,931,625 | 3,878, 507 || 3,513,698 || 3,908,915 3,561,675 4, 327,269
Western district (56 roads).............................. 2,066,080 || 2,056, 796 || 2,798, 334 || 3, 579,060 || 4,402, 710 | 6,495,866
Southern district (29 roads). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755, 980 392,006 446, 190 807, 451 | 1, 225,892 1, 710,853
- - 8, 753,685 6, 327, 309 || 6, 758, 222 8, 295,426 9, 190,277 | 12, 533,988
Eastern district (272 roads).-----------------------------|------------ 3, 981, 749 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,051, 193 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,735,693
Western district (301 roads).----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * - - - - - - - - sº e - - - 2, 234, 345 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,960, 269 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 111, 268
Southern district (171 roads)........ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 427, 388 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 878, 789 ............ 1, 796, 741
- - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 643, 482 . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,890, 251 |. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,643, 702

Monthly consumption.
Total, United
wºn ºf ºf Yº ſº.
June. ----------- 5, 901, 821 2,470,071 3,828,625 | 12, 200, 517
July------------- 5,794,930 2, 461, 128 3, 785,621 | 12,041,679
August. ------ - - - -] 5, 796, 408 || 2,419,057 || 3,880, 467 | 12, 095,932
September s sº as - * * * 5,690, 739 2,407, 175 4,052, 784 || 12, 150, 698
October. --- - - - - - - 5, 924, 786 2,474,617 | 4, 329, 145 || 12, 728, 548
November. . . . . . .] 5, 778, 834 2,561, 469 || 4, 237,222 | 12, 577, 525
December. . . . . . . 5,974, 383 2, 512, 724 4, 321,823 12, 808, 930
Storage.
- F. - - - - l •
July 1 º ..] 3, 526, 888 1, 270, 324 || 4, 581,010 9, 378,222
Aug. 1.----------- 3,494,358 1,427, 797 5,448,064 10, 370, 219
Sept. l - - - - - - 3,975, 896 | 1, 521, 912 || 6, 156,723 || 11,654, 531
Oct. 1.----------- 4, 332, 619 || 1, 515, 590 6, 708, 679 12, 556, 888
Nov. 1.----------- 4,520, 362 | 1,767, 400 || 7,333, 599 || 13,621,361
Dec. 1.---------- 4,912,095 || 1,734, 577 || 7, 201,012 || 13, 847,684
Jan. 1.------------ 4, 872,400 1,938,908 || 6,907, 473 || 13, 718, 781
NotE.—These figures on storage include coal en route to the railroads on the
dates shown. - - -
REJECTION OF COAL BY RAILROADS.
Rejections of coal on account of quality were han-
dled with the Railroad Administration, fuel conser-
vation section, and with the Fuel Administration,
inspection section.
Rejection occurred for most part on coal shipped
from mines not having facilities for preparation.
Through cooperation of the above sections of the two
administrations, satisfactory disposition was made in
most instances. Considering the several million tons
of coal requisitioned by the Fuel Administration for
the railroads, the amount refused as unsuitable for
railway use was remarkably small, and reflects the
consistent efforts of both administrations in securing
cooperation of operators on “clean coal.”
Confiscation.—During the spring of 1918 the rail-
roads had to confiscate large amounts of coal in order
to supply their current needs. As soon as this section
entered upon its duties, allotments were made for
fuel requirements with the district representatives,
which reduced, in a large measure, the confiscation of
the coal made by the railroads. Later on, through the
activities of this section, the confiscation practice was
practically stopped. In matters of this kind this
Section acted as a clearing house with the Railroad
Administration, and through prompt cooperation
secured results indicated above. -
The following table shows the amount of coal con-
fiscated by railroads during the calendar year 1918,
the bulk of which occurred during the first half of the

year:
Coal confiscated by railroads in 1918.


Class. Eastern. Southern. Western. Total.
I----------------------- 990, 819 || 368,400 268,208 1,627,427
II----------------------- 4, 194 209 437 4,840
III--------------------- 1, 764 1,094 487 3, 345
Switching and terminal. 69,183 || 10,453 22, 543 | 102, 179
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,065,960 380, 156 291, 675 |1,737,791
REQUISITIONS.
After the installation of this section, the railroads,
through their organization, were not permitted to
advise individual operators to change the rate of
shipment or any other factor affecting requisitions
placed by this office. Such matters had to be taken
up with the regional purchasing division of the
Railroad Administration, which advised the central
advisory committee and which in turn communi-
cated with this office. Through this method no con-
flict in authority resulted. Matters of requisitions
and orders for fuel coal were handled through Fuel
Administration representatives. There was at no time
any restriction placed upon the railroads to secure,
through contract or otherwise, the amount of coal to
supply their requirements. These contracts, however,
were subject to rules of the Fuel Administration, and
shipments under them could be requisitioned at any
time for other purposes by the Fuel Administration,
although no such action was taken by this office unless
other suitable coal was substituted therefor.
After the signing of the armistice, and the conse-
quent falling off of demand for coal for general indus-
trial purposes, it was not necessary to keep in effect
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 55
after January 1, except on certain railroads, the requisi-
tions placed by this office with the district representa-
tives for railroad fuel coal. In accordance therewith,
all such requisitions were canceled, with the exception
of one railroad, on January 11, 1919. Effective
February 1, 1919, requisitions of every character,
placed by any offices in the distribution division,
which included all railroad fuel requisitions, were
canceled.
On December 30, 1918, there were in effect requisi-
tions in the different producing districts calling for
approximately 3,725 cars weekly. Prior to this time
much larger requisitions were in effect, and it is esti-
mated that through this office and in the above manner
the railroads were supplied with approximately one-
third of their requirements or 50,000,000 tons of coal.
ANTHRACITE.
While the consumption of anthracite by the rail-
roads was not large, on account of the large increased
demand for this class of coal for domestic purposes, it
was agreed by the railroads that their consumption of
anthracite would be reduced and bituminous coal sub-
stituted therefor. In accordance therewith, approxi-
mately 50 per cent less of domestic sizes of anthracite
were used by the railroads last year. Such anthracite
requirements as were needed for heating purposes on
trains and station buildings were furnished. A trans-
fer, however, was made of anthracite coal used by the
southern railroads for such purposes from the Pennsyl-
vania anthracite fields to the Virginia anthracite
fields. The amount of such coal required by these
railroads was not large and could be adequately
supplied by the Virginia field. .
Some attempts were made to substitute coke for
anthracite on some of the western roads, but it was
found, upon tests being made, that such substitution
was not practicable in the heaters and other facilities
being used. :
CANADIAN RAILROADS.
Railroad fuel for Canadian railroads was handled
upon the same basis as that for railroads in the United
States. Constant contact was had with the Lake and
Canadian fuel section of the distribution division,
which kept this office currently advised of the require
ments of Canadian railroads. -
During August, 1918, it appeared that too much
all-rail coal was moving to Canada for railroads and
other industrial purposes. An order was therefore
issued instructing the district representative in charge
of the central Pennsylvania fields to cut down ship-
ments from mines in his district to Canada 50 per cent
in order to supply the railroads and war industries
of this country. This order was withdrawn as soon
as it appeared that the all-rail coal movement to
Canada was moving in accordance with the require-
ments of the railroads and industrials in that country.
Canadian railroads received a like quantity and
quality of coal from each producing district as there-
tofore had been obtained, and such shipments were
policed and enforced by allotment of cars for such
movement by the car service section of the Railroad
Administration.
OTHER FACTORS DISTURBING REGULAR MOVEMENT OF COAL.
Many unlooked-for factors entered into the problem
of railroad fuel distribution which disrupted the
normal movement of coal for this purpose and neces-
sitated prompt action on the part of the section to
provide for the current needs of railroads, particu-
larly those in the eastern section of the country.
The influenza epidemic which raged during October
and the first part of November, 1918, affected both
railroad employees and miners alike, resulting in the
slowing up in the movement of trains and consequent
car shortage at the mines, and decreased production
because of sickness among the miners themselves.
The regular deliveries of railroad fuel fell off, and as
a result it was necessary to make diversions by recon-
signing coal at the scales or by direct shipments
from the mines to all of the larger railroads in the
east in order that they could take care of their cur-
rent business. . -
Embargoes were also of necessity placed by rail-
roads because of congestion at gateways and other
reasons, it being necessary in such instances to
temporarily allot coal for certain sections of the
lines affected by such embargoes to provide for cur-
rent requirements. In most instances, however,
railroad fuel was exempted from the embargoes
because of the realization of the necessity for its
regular, undelayed movement.
INTERMEDIARY, witH RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION ON FUEL
MATTERS.
This section also acted as the point of contact with
the Railroad Administration and other agencies on
railroad fuel matters affecting— -
Price.—Merely handled this with the price section of the Fuel
Administration and transmitted rulings of that office to the central
advisory purchasing committee of the Railroad Administration.
These questions dealt for the most part with the margin allowed
on specially prepared coal, wagon-mine differentials, and jobbers'
COLOUIſlISSIOIlS. -
Contracts.-Handled with the legal division and transmitted
rulings of that office to the central advisory purchasing committee
of the Railroad Administration. Questions on contracts dealt
with approved form of such to be passed upon by the legal division.
Inspection.—Handled through inspection section from the fuel
conservation section of the Railroad Administration. Current
inspection reports were received from the foregoing section of the
Railroad Administration, and where such showed bad preparation
on the part of any operator the inspection section of the Fuel Ad-
ministration was advised and followed up the matter promptly
through its local inspectors in the offices of the district repre-
sentatives. -
Past due accounts.-Handled for operators with Railroad Admin-
istration. The number of these passing through this office was
56
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
not large, but involving, as they did in most cases, disputes
between the operators and railroad agents affecting price, quality,
etc., of coal delivered, they received considerable attention. In
practically all instances satisfactory adjustment resulted. District. Eastern. Southern. Western. Total.
GENERAL situation. Faiº 6, 227, 528 137,249
º tº º ail------------ 3 * * * * ***'. ----' a y < *-* I - - - - - - - - - - 6,364,777
TO e emphasize the importance of railroad fuel to Tidewater.-----. 1,420, 235|...... ...T.: 1,420, 235
the bituminous coal industry one has only to refer to N ºit.… […] … 974, 907| 974, 907
º O IIl IO:
the enormous amount of such coal delivered each year # e gº tº e º e - - - - - * 6,920, 248|- - - - - - - - - - 18, 784 6, 939,032
to the railroads for fuel purposes. The following S #3iß’” e e ºs e e ºs e º 'º - I - e º sº tº se tº e º m 1, 719, 332 1,719, 332
e il- outhern Ohio:
diagram (fig. 37) and table shows the amount of rail Rail------------ 3,826,636,----------|---------- 3, 826,636
road fuel delivered to the railroads during the years Lake----------------------|---------- 162 162
e º o - e tº ichigan:
1915 to 1918, inclusive, with a relative comparison Raii............ 274, 321|----------|---------- 274, 321
Northeastern Ken-
|4O tucky:
Rail------------ 6, 630) 579, 346|.......... 585, 976
Hazard, Ky.
Rail------------|---------- 314, 940|- - - - - - - - - - 314, 940
[3O * * * Panhandle, W. Va.:
ail------------ 94, 198 361.--------- 94, 234
Kenova-Thacker:
--- - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 842 2, 367, 476]-......... 2, 371, 318
!2O Tidewater-------| 95, 522]. ................... 95, 522
Kanawha (C. & O.): -
Rail------------ 288, 434 2,842, 106. . . . . . . . . . 3, 130, 540
Pºke------------|----------|---------- 106,432 106,432
|| O Tidewater....... 145,000----------|---------- 145,000
Kanawha (K. & M.):
ail------------ 152, 827 27, 101|- - - - - - - - - - 179,928
Tidewater.... . . . 4451----------|---------- 445
tools: isie 1917 |9|8 *.il & tº e º ºn tº a sm ºn m sº gº tº sº tº º º (*) (i)
FIG. 37.-Diagram showing the relative increase of railroad fuel consumption and New River: - - /
production of bituminous coal in the United States, 1915 to 1918, with the figures Rail------------|---------- 809, 237|- ......... 809, 237
for 1915 as a base and equal to 100. Tidewater-------| 171,554]..........|.......... 171,554
Pocahontas:
e - • e º e he United e il------------|---------- 1, 541, 063|- - - - - - - - - - 1, 541,063
with the bituminous coal production in t h Tidewater.... 124,861.---------|---------- 124, 861
States during the same period. It is to be noted how | Southwestern Vir.
tº º 2 in the deliveries of rail- ginia:
closely the relative incrº: IIl '. € f ducti Rail------------|---------- 2,872, 154|.......... 2,872, 154
road fuel have followed the same figure for pro uc 1OIl. Tidewater-------| 193, 129|..........l.......... 193, 129
In the following table is shown the deliveries of | Southeastern Ken-
o a tº l to railroads during the calend tucky:
bituminous coal to railroa uring the calendar year T Rail------------ 28, 130 1, 560, 116|.......... 1, 588, 246
ducing districts. ennessee:
1918 by producing Alsº.--------------------- 3, 209, 223|.......... 3, 209, 223
Bituminous fuel coal delivered to º by producing districts, 1918, 3. †. * * * * * * * * * * * I s s as e º ºs e º e - 4,789, 168 418,016 5, 207, 184 3.
Q70, 70.67, IO718. Western Kentucky:
ail-----------. 204,054 3, 569,816 402, 905, 4, 176, 775
District. Eastern. Southern. Western. Total. Tidewater. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s e 6,912 6,912
Indiana:
Illin ail tº º º ſº tº e - - - - º a 7,035,708 920,689| 948,054, 8,904,451
t P 1- ols:
cººl, Penny ail------------ 7, 393, 483 4,457, 948.20, 518, 931. 32, 370, 362
Rail............|18, 190, 635|----------|---------- 18, 190,635 | Arkansas
Tidewater.......] 124,6971----------|---------- ; : | 1 Rail----------------------|---------- 772,916. 772, 916
Lake------------| 229, 35ll----------|---------- 229, 351 | Iowa:
Noriº Fiji. Rail------------ 7, 949|- - - - - - - - - - 3,889, 674 3,897, 623
vania: Ransas:
Rail------------ 2,087, 382|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,087, 382 . Rail------------|----------|--------. 3, 243,432 3, 243,432
Pittsburgh - Missouri:
Rail------------ 5, 587, 177|----------|---------- 5, 587, 177 Rail------------ 202,998. . . . . . . . . . 2,057,731, 2, 260, 729
Lake------ 35, 655|- - - - - - - - - - 1,763,257. 1,798, 912 Oklahoma:
River------------ 139, 976]----------|---------- 139, 976 Rail------------|----------|---------- 2, 246, 994 2, 246,994
Greensburg - West- Tidewater-------|----------|----...... 1,093 1,093
moreland: Texas: . -
Rail------------ 6, 142, 348|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 142, 348 Rail------------|-------------------- 941, 874. 941, 874
Tidewater . . . . . . 549, 370|----------|---------- 549, 370 | North Dakota: ... "
Connellsville: Rail------------|----------|---------- 13, 606 13, 606
Rail------------ 2,043,219|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,043,219 || Montana:
Tidewater... . . . . 267,248-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 267,248 So i. Wyoming; "| | -- - - - - - - 2, 103,232 2, 103,232
1 ulner g: 2.
Cºnd and Rail. . . . . . . : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4, 420, 482 4,420, 482
Rail------------ 482, 767|- . . . . . . . . . 33 482,800 | Northern Wyoming:
Somerset and Mey- Rail------------|----------|---------- 2,079, 950 2,079, 950
ersdale: Colorado:
Rail. ----------- 276,210|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 276,210 Rail------------'----- • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 246, 855' 3, 246,855
Tidewater------- 329, 399. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329, 399 1Included with Kanawha (C. & O.).
Bituminous fuel coal delivered to railroads by producing districts, 1918,
in met tons—Continued.

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
57
Bituminous fuel coal delivered to railroads by producing districts, 1918,
in net tons—Continued.
District. Eastern Southerm. , | Western. Total.
New Mexico:
Rail------------|-------------------- 1,735,832 1,735,832
Utah:
Rail------------|----------|---------- 1, 132,838 1, 132,838
Wºº
Rail------------|----------|---------- 1,871,084]. 1,871,084
Oregon:
ail----------------------|---------- 4,728 4,728
Canada:
ail------------ 1191---------- 449, 024 449, 143
Tidewater....... 198, 737|----------|---------- 198, 737
OWIl:
Rail------------ 361, 090 250 78, 124 439, 464
Tidewater....... 3, 168!----------|-- - - - - - - - - 3, 168
Total.---------- 71,866,28030, 161,675|56,964, 196158,992, 151
All rail-------------- 67, 837, 93330, 161,67552, 392, 100|150,391, 708
All tidewater-----...] 3, 623, 365|- - - - - - - - - - 8, 006| 3, 631, 371
All Lake------------ 265,006. . . . . . . . . . 4, 564,090. 4, 829,096
All river. ----------- 139, 976]----------|---------- 139, 976
In the following tables are shown the deliveries, con-
sumption, and stock on hand of the railroads of the
country for the calendar year 1918, with a separation
|between the classes of roads and between classification
territories as defined by the Interstate Commerce
Commission.
Deliveries and consumption offailroad fuel coal in 1918, in met tons.
Class I.
Eastern. Western. Southern. Total.
On hand, Jan. 1,1918. 3, 949, 211 3, 650, 262 974, 996 8, 574, 469
Deliveries for year
1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - 69,042, 19254, 140, 54029, 198,674|152,381,406
Coal confiscated... ---| 990, 819, 268, 208. 368,400 1,627,427
Coal purchased from
other roads. . . . . . . . 1,407, 898 542, 195| 446, 704. 2, 396, 797
Total received.|75, 390, 12058,601, 20530, 988, 774|164,980, 099
Sold to other roads... 1, 370, 153| 1, 225,863. 404, 179| 3,000, 195
Sold to industries, etc. 544, 173 63,043 150, 318 757, 534
Total sales. . . . 1,914,326 1,288,906 554,4973,757,729
Net available for con-
Sumption. . . . . . . . . 73,475,79457, 312,299|30, 434, 277|161,222,370
On hand, Dec. 31,
1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,456,579 6,989,937] 1,750,516 13, 197,032
Total consumed -
during 1918-169,019, 21550,322,362.28,683,761148,025,338
class II.
on hand Jan. 1, 1918. 22,209 88,897. 23,108 129,214
Deliveries for year
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718, 503| 735, 533 414, 266 1,868, 302
Coal confiscated. . . . . 4, 194 437 209 4, 840
Coal purchased from
other roads... . . . . . 26, 454 19, 276 9, 958 55, 688
Total received.| 771, 360 839, 143. 447,541, 2,058,044
Sold to other roads... 6,094 12,744 8, 424 27, 262
Sold to industries, etc. 16, 612 17, 615 4,045 38, 272
Total sales. . . . 22, 706 30, 359 12,469 65, 534
Net available for con-
Sumption------ - - - - 748, 654 808, 784. 435,072 1,992, 510
On hand Dec. 31, 1918 62,319 95, 544 34, 312 192, 175
Total consumed
during 1918. 686, 335 713, 240 400, 760. 1,800, 335
Deliveries and consumption of railroad fuel coal in 1918, in net
tons—Continued.
Class III.
Eastem. Western. SOUIthern. Total.
on hand Jan. 1, 1918. 9,205 25,661 7,521 42,387
Deliveries for year
1918-------------- 444, 291 719,905] 192,171. 1,356, 367
Coal confiscated. . . . . 1, 764 487 1,094 3, 345
Coal purchased from
other roads. -- - - - - - 10,880 7, 518 1,624 20,022
Total received 466, 140|| 753, 571. 202, 410) 1,422, 121
Sold to other roads. . 3, 871 696 3,000 7, 567
Sold to industries, etc 36,476 7,064 6,074 49, 614
Total sales....] 40,347 7, 760 9,074 57, 181
Net available for con-
Sumption. -- - - - - - - - 425,793. 745,811 193,336. 1,364, 940
On hand Dec. 31, 1918 47, 054 36, 368 10, 205 93, 627
Total consumed
during 1918. 378,739 709,443, 183,131. 1,271,313
Switching and Terminal.
On hand Jan. 1, 1918. 75, 176 54, 276 4, 252 133,704
Deliveries for year
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,661,295] 1,368,217| 356,564. 3,386,076
Coal confiscated.... . . 69, 183 22, 543 10,453 102, 179
Coal purchased from -
other roads. . . . . . . . 57, 616 61, 558 3,708 122,882
Total received. 1,863,270) 1, 506, 594 374,977| 3, 744, 841
Sold to other roads. . 39,977| 216,611 48,335 304,923
Sold to industries,
etc.----------------- 17, 185 9,339 3,057 29,581
Total sales. . . . 57, 162 225,950 51,392 334, 504
Net available for con-
Sumption... . . . . . . . 1,806, 108 1, 280, 644, 323, 585| 3,410,337
On hand Dec. 31,
1918-------------. 149,409 78,559 27,277 255, 245
Total c on -
sumed dur-
ing 1918. . . .] 1,656, 699. 1, 202,085 296, 308 3, 155,092
Summary.
On hand Jan. 1, 1918.] 4,055,801 3,814,096] 1,009,877 8,879,774
Deliveries for year
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,866,28156,964, 195|30, 161,675.158,992, 151
Coal confiscated......| 1,065,960 291,675 380, 156] 1,737, 791
Coal purchased from -
other roads. . . . . . . . 1,502,848 630,547. 461,994 2,595,389
Total received.|78,490,890|61, 700, 51332,013, 702172, 205, 105
Sold to other roads...} 1,420,095] 1,455,914. 463,938 3,339, 947
Sold to industries,
etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 614,446 97,061 163,494 875,001
Total sales. . . . . 2,034, 541 1, 552,975 627,432 4, 214,948
Net available for con-
sumption... . . . . . . .]76,456,34960, 147,538.31,386, 370,167,990, 157
On hand Dec. 31, •.
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,715, 361||7, 200,408 1,822,310 13,738,079
Total c on -
sumed dur-
ing 1918.....|71,740, 98852, 947, 13029, 563, 960154, 252,078






58 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Important orders and other communications relating
to railroad fuel coal are reproduced below:
TJNITED STATES Railroad-Administration,
June 20, 1918–J.
Mr. C. M. SHEAFFER, -
General Superintendent of Transportation,
*
Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa.
DEAR SIR: Effective June 24, 1918, cancel all assignments of
cars to bituminous coal mines for loading with railroad fuel coal,
whether for your own road or for foreign lines. Cars which have
heretofore been placed for railroad fuel loading on an assigned basis
shall go into the common pool for distribution to all mines.
The United States Fuel Administration is advised of these
instructions, and through its district representatives will see that
the carriers whose fuel coal is affected. e
adequate supply of coal of substantially like quality as has hereto-
fore been had, unless vital war necessities make this impossible.
In the latter event, the Fuel Administration will handle the matter
with the Railroad Administration in Washington, and the pur-
chasing committee here will deal with individual railroads on the
subject as may be necessary. * >
Should the result of this order tend to deplete the essential coal
supply of any road, the car service section should be advised by
wire immediately. g * & tº
It is j that you immediately wire all foreign lines ob-
taining fuel coal from mines on your road of this change in car
distribution, and mail them copy of this letter.
CAR SERVICE SECTION.
(Signed) AUGUST G. GUTHEIM.
Copy of above also to Mr. H. B.Voorhees, general superintendent
of transportation, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Baltimore, Md.
Certified copies to Mr. A. H. Smith, Mr. C. H. Markham, Mr.
H. B. Spencer, Mr. J. D. A. Morrow, Mr. A. W. Calloway, and
Mr. W. A. Marsh.
UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D. C., July 1, 1918.
Mr. A. H. SMITH,
Regional Director, Eastern Region, New York City.
DEAR SIR: Effective June 24, 1918, the assignment of cars for
loading of railroad fuel at mines on the Pennsylvania Railroad,
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Lines east, and their short-line
connections were canceled. It is now desired that the assignment
of cars for railroad fuel loading shall be canceled on all other lines
in the eastern, Allegheny, and Pocahontas regions, effective July 5,
1918. This is to request that you so arrange.
The United States Fuel Administration is advised of these
instructions and through its district representatives in the coal-
producing districts affected will see that the carriers who draw
fuel from such districts will obtain an adequate current supply
of coal of substantially like quality as has heretofore been had
unless vital war necessities make this impossible. In the latter
event the Fuel Administration will handle the matter with the
Railroad Administration in Washington, and the purchasing com-
mittee here will deal with individual railroads on the subject as
may be necessary. -
*Should the result of this order be to deplete the essential coal
supply of any road the car service section should be advised by
wire immediately. *
We beg to suggest that all the coal-producing roads in your
territory who will cancel their assigned car orders in accordance
therewith should immediately wire all foreign lines obtaining fuel
from mines on their road so that such foreign lines will be advised
of the change in car distribution.
CAR SERVICE SECTION.
W. C. KENDALL.
Copies of above also to Mr. C. H. Markham, regional director,
Allegheny region, Philadelphia, Pa., and Mr. N. D. Maher, regional
director, Pocahontas region, Roanoke, Va.
Certified copies to H. B. Spencer, J. D. A. Morrow, A. W. Callo-
way, and W. A. Marsh.
will obtain currently an
UNITED STATES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D. C., July 6, 1918.
Mr. B. L. WINCHELL,
Regional Director, Southern Region, Atlanta, Ga.
DEAR SIR: Effective July 10, 1918, please abolish the practice
of assigning cars for railroad fuel loading at bituminous coal mines
on all lines of railroad in the Southern, southwestern, central
western, and northwestern regions. This will complete the pro-
gram of abolishment of this practice in the entire country.
The United States Fuel Administration is advised of these
instructions, and through its district representatives in the coal-
producing districts affected will see that the carriers who draw
fuel from such districts will obtain an adequate current supply
of coal of substantially like quality as has heretofore been had
unless vital war necessities make this impossible. In the latter
event the Fuel Administration will handle the matter with the
Railroad Administration, in Washington and the purchasing com-
mittee here will deal with individual railroads on the subject as
may be necessary.
Should the result of this order be to deplete the essential coal
supply of any road the car service section should be advised by
wire immediately.
We beg to suggest that all the coal-producing roads in your
territory which will cancel their assigned car orders in accordance
therewith should immediately wire all foreign lines obtaining fuel
from mines on their road so that such foreign lines will be advised
of the change in car distribution.
CAR SERVICE SECTION.
Copies of above also to Mr. R. R. Aishton, regional director,
northwestern region, Chicago, Ill.; Mr. Hale Holden, regional
director, central western region, Chicago, Ill.; and Mr. B. F. Buch,
regional director, Southwestern region, St. Louis, Mo.
Certified copies to H. B. Spencer, F. M. Whitaker, J. D. A.
Morrow, A. W. Calloway, and W. A. March.
Letter below sent to the following district representatives: A.
H. Land, Huntington, W. Va.; E. J. Howe, Bluefield, W. Va.;
G. D. Kilgore, Norton, Va.; and E. R. Clayton, Knoxville, Tenn.
JULY 1, 1918.
DEAR SIR: We wired you to-day as follows:
“Railroad Administration arranging to cancel assigned car orders.
Will advise you later effective date. Instruct all coal companies
to continue shipments in Same quantities and as far as possible
from the same mines to railroads now being supplied by them.
Writing.”
The United States Railroad Administration advise to-day that
they are preparing an order canceling all assigned cars for railroad
fuel.
When this order is issued it will be necessary for you to instruct
all coal companies to continue shipments in the same quantities,
and, as far as possible, from the same mines as heretofore to rail-
roads when they have been shipping.
Certain mines which have been receiving assigned cars for their
entire production may be unable to ship contract or current order
tonnage, and it will be necessary to ship from other mines to make
up shortage on railroad fuel orders. In such cases any coal supplied
by the Fuel Administration to the railroads must be requisitioned
from the producing company and not through jobbers, brokers, or
middlemen. The coal, therefore, should be billed to the railroad
company at the authorized Government price prescribed for
producing companies.
All railroads must receive 100 per cent supply from your district.
When this is impossible for reason of shortage of cars, or when this
program will interfere with the movement of by-product, bunker,
or other special preferred orders, wire us promptly. As all district
representatives have been informed, the necessities for gas and by-
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 59
product coal are very urgent. When you receive any orders from
this office for railroad fuel which will take gas or by-product coal
which should not be used for railroad fuel, we want your objections,
reasons, and suggestions, with a view of substituting other coal.
Railroad fuel contracts and current orders placed at various
mines should not be interfered with, or shipments reduced unless
authorized by us. Please keep us advised from time to time as to
how this plan is working out. Acknowledge receipt.
Very truly, yours,
|U. S. FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
Manager, Railroad Fuel Distribution.
*
Certified copy to Calloway.
TIDEWATER SECTION.
Difficulty was experienced in the fall of 1917 in
securing adequate supplies of suitable bunker coal at
the ports of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and
Hampton Roads, the four important shipping ports
of the United States. Coal shippers having contracts
to supply the various steamship lines with bunker |
coal found it impossible to fully meet their contract
obligations, largely because of insufficient rail trans-
portation from the coal fields to the ports. The
activities of the United States Shipping Board and
the Army Transport Service had largely increased
the demand for bunker coal. Shipbuilding plants,
operating independently or under direction of the
Emergency Fleet Corporation, had greatly increased
their activities, and consequently their coal con-
sumption. Many of these plants are so situated as
to require the delivery of coal by barge or scow via
tidewater coal piers over which bunker coal is also
handled. -
Earlier in 1917 coal shippers and the railroads had
joined in forming the Tidewater Coal Exchange, to
which all coal of member shippers requiring water
movement beyond the tide piers at the four above-
mentioned ports was consigned. The coal was
graded as to kind, all coals of similar quality and
characteristics going into one pool at each pier.
Each shipper, dealer, or consumer was entitled to
draw from each pool as many tons as had been shipped
into such pool for his account. Such coal as members
of the exchange might have in any pool at any pier
was, of course, subject to requisition by Govern-
mental agencies, and the requirements of the United
States Shipping Board and Army transports were
such that it became necessary to commandeer for
their use in October, November, and December, 1917,
much coal which had been shipped by bunker suppliers
to meet their contract obligations, and ships operating
under charter were thus deprived of the coal intended
for them. Coal intended for public utilities and
important war industries was also taken for Shipping
Board or Army Transport bunker use.
With a view to devising a method by which a reserve
supply of bunker coal might be kept at the four ports,
numerous conferences were had with the representa-
tives of the United States Shipping Board, the Army
Transport Service, American Steamship Association,
and others. As the United States Shipping Board was
the organization most vitally concerned in the pro-
posed reserve supply of coal, it was decided that it
should become a member of the Tidewater Coal Ex-
change, and that such quantities of coal necessary for
its use be requisitioned by the United States Fuel
Administration from shippers producing coal suitable
for bunkering purposes and consigned to the Tidewater
Coal Exchange for account of United States Shipping
Board. As the Shipping Board had no working
organization equipped to distribute the coal from the
piers or handle the accounts, it appointed as its agents
to do this work the American Steamship Association
of New York, International Mercantile Marine at Phila-
delphia, Atlantic Transport Co. at Baltimore, and the
Old Dominion Steamship Co. at Norfolk. These agen-
cies were later approved by the United States Fuel
Administration.
The necessity for a reserve supply of coal for certain
public utilities and important war industries at tide-
water, as well as for bunker use, had become apparent
by the time the United States Shipping Board became
a member of the Tidewater Coal Exchange, and it was
understood that the Shipping Board account in the
exchange might be used in emergencies for supplying
such land plants.
The United States Shipping Board account in the
Tidewater Coal Exchange became active in November,
1917, but up to that time no allotments had been
placed with coal operators for such consignment, and
coal actually delivered through the Shipping Board
account consisted of that which had been consigned
to other members of the exchange for various purposes.
By December, 1917, the Shipping Board's organization
for distributing emergency coal had been so far com-
pleted that coal operators were directed to consign
from the mines to the Shipping Board such tonnage
as might be required for emergency bunkering, and for
relief of important land plants, so far as such require-
ments could be estimated. Coal required for bunker-
ing Army transports was handled by the Tidewater
Coal Exchange as a separate account and requisitioned
by the Fuel Administration in the same manner as
Shipping Board coal, but for consignment direct to the
Army Transport Service, which handled its own
accounts, making remittance to the coal shippers for
such coal as it received.
It was the policy to limit the distribution of coal by
the Shipping Board to emergencies. Such emergen-
cies, however, made it necessary in the month of
December, 1917, to handle through the Shipping
Board account at the four ports nearly 70,000 tons of
coal; January, 1918, over 215,000 tons; and February,
over 207,000 tons. In March there was an improve-
ment and only 136,000 tons were required. April
showed a further improvement, when less than 100,000
tons were needed, and in each month thereafter the
requirements were well under 80,0000 tons, dropping
by September, 1918, to a little over 30,000 tons.
60 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
The Army Transport requirements, on the other
hand, had grown from less than 40,000 tons in Decem-
ber, 1917, to 85,000 tons in October, 1918, and the
total bunker coal delivered through the four ports rose
from 450,000 tons in December, 1917, to 932,000 tons
in Ocober, 1918. .
The Navy coal, which in December, 1917, was
181,000 tons, and in January, 1918, 146,000 tons, had
risen by October to 385,000 tons. The policy of allow-
ing as large a proportion of coal as possible to be dis-
tributed in a normal way by the regular shippers or
dealers is reflected in the large increase in total bunker
NET TONS
at each pier and the number of carloads in transit, also
the tonnage of bottoms at the harbors of Baltimore and
Hampton Roads, and the tonnage which had been re-
ported by the Shipping Board or those chartering the
boats as due at such ports within seven days.
of the coal tonnage handled over the tidewater piers at
Philadelphia and New York was delivered by scow or
barge within the harbor or at short distances therefrom,
the tonnage of bottoms due within a period of seven
days was not reported at these ports.
tice of the tidewater section to watch the daily reports
As most
It was the prac-
and keep in the pier yards enough coal to keep the piers

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Fig. 38–Diagram showing, by weeks, from April 1, 1918, to April 5, 1919, quantities of bituminous coal dumped at tidewater piers, ports of Baltimore, Norfolk, and
New York and Philadelphia combined and the total for all four ports.
coal, concurrently with the decrease in tonnage han-
dled through the Shipping Board account.
The activities of the tidewater section were not lim-
ited, however, to bunker coal and emergency require-
ments of land plants taking barge delivery, but also
extended to the balancing of rail movement to the ports
against the prospective tonnage of bottoms for coast-
wise shipment or export. The principal item of coast-
wise coal traffic was that for New England. By an
arrangement with the Tidewater Coal Exchange, the .
tidewatersection was furnished a daily statement show-
ing the number of carloads of coal in the railroad yards
continuously in operation or to make up cargoes for all
boats in port and to keep in transit between the mines
and the ports a tonnage equivalent to from seven to
ten times the average daily dumping. When the
amount of coal on wheels appeared from the daily
reports to be lower than this, coal shippers were
directed through the district representatives to so
increase their consignments to the piers as to maintain
this amount of coal in transit. The situations at the
several ports, both as regards distribution of tonnage
and as regards sufficiency of coal, is shown graphically
in the figures and plates herewith.
United States Fuel Administration. Report of Distribution Division, Part I. Plates XIX, XX.
[ARS TNS
75|| || 375ſ,60
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65|| || 325||
6|| || 3 ||
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* - . . . - |||}
XIX. Diagram showing the gross tonnage of vessels at dock and in stream at the port of Hampton Roads, Va., requiring coal bunkers and in part coal cargoes, and the number of carloads of bituminous
coal on hand at the piers, as reported by the Tidewater Coal Exchange, January, 1918—February, 1919.
CAHS
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* ſº tº . tº |}
XX. Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of Baltimore, Md., by days, January, 1918–April, 1919.


DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE, 61
arrºtons
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APRIL- *1AY JUNE JULY AUGUST SLPTENABER OCTOBER TNOVf NABER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY N/ARCH
FIG. 39.-Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at Hampton Roads, by weeks, in the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919.
stºrtons
500,000
480,000 –
400,000
$50,000
ºº&§
|
|
§
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300,000
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s
FIG. 41.-Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at Baltimore, by weeks, in the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919.
DISTRIBUTION
BUNKER
coastwist Ainto thºsidº.
ARMY = tº $9:49,
Navy
ARMY
§ roRracts
OTHER corºratºrcuate
portr
O tºlºvý ČNeLAND
7 14 zi so 7 14 2, 3, 7 14 2. 30 T 14 21 28 4 iſ 18 25 1 & 6 ºz & 6 13 20 zl 3 10 ſ. 24 0 15 22 to 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 2 9 16 23 go
APRIL NAAW JUNE JULY AUGU5T SIPTEN-1BER OCTOBER HOVINABER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY ſºft\RCH
FIG. 40.-Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at New York, by weeks, in the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919.
Nrt rons
w&O,OOO
10OOOo
D\STRIBUTION
% BUNwest
*CARGo
T 14, 2] 30 7 |4, 2] 31 7 14 2. 30 7 |4 21 28 4 || | 16 25 || 6 |5 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 13 23 30 7 |4 21 28 5 12 19 23 2 9 & 23 2 9 12 2s Bo
APRIL |MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST 5EPTENMBER OCTOBER NOVENAOfR UECt.MBER JANUARY FEBRUARY º/ARCH
Nºt TDNS
150,000
100,000
60000 • Żºłº à
âlâ º 2. DISTRIBUTION
% bunkte.
O sº-º: - --- |CARGO
7° W. 2, 30 T 14 zī ‘SI, 7 Nº 2, 35TATETESTATTS-35-TETS-27-25-5-TETS-zº-2-3-Tº-25-35-7 5 12 19 23 2 9 23 2 9 to 25 30
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTENA®tr OCTOBER NOVENADER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
FIG. 42.-Distribution of bituminous coal dumped at Philadelphia, by weeks, in the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 30, 1919.


























































62
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
The tonnage of coal handled via these four ports
from April 1 to November 30, 1918, averaged a little
over 862,000 tons per week, of which Hampton Roads
contributed 388,000 tons, New York 327,000 tons,
Baltimore 79,000 tons, and Philadelphia. 68,000 tons
per week. Of this total, something over 330,000
tons per week were consigned to New England; 202,-
000 tons per week consisted of bunker coal, including
that of the Navy and Army transport service, and
78,000 tons per week were exported to foreign coun-
tries. The balance was made up of coal delivered at
the harbors and for coastwise other than New England.
The tidewater shipments of bituminous coal to New
England via the four ports at which the Tidewater
Coal Exchange operated from April 1 to the middle
of December amounted to approximately 12,700,000
net tons.
At ports other than New York, Philadelphia, Bal-
timore, and Hampton Roads the tonnage of bitumi-
5
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† MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FE.B MAR
18 |S19
EIG.43.−Diagram of shipments of bituminous coal to lower Lake ports, exclusive
of vessel fuel, by months, for the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, compared
with the budget established by the Fuel Administration.
nous coal is comparatively small, and there were no
serious problems to work out at any of these ports.
Port representatives were appointed, however, in the
course of the year at New Orleans, Mobile, Pensacola,
and San Francisco, the latter having jurisdiction at
San Pedro and San Diego. These port representatives,
cooperating with the district representatives and local
coal dealers, were able to handle practically all
problems which arose, with very little supervision
from the Fuel Administration headquarters at Wash-
ington.
LAIKE AND CAN AIDIAN SECTION.
This section of the bureau of bituminous coal of the
distribution division was organized May 6, 1918, to
handle Lake and Canadian distribution.
The duties of this section were:
1. To determine the proper quantities and kinds of coal to be
furnished to the receiving docks at American ports on the Great
Lakes.
l
2. To allocate to the various coal-producing districts the amounts
each district should furnish for Lake shipment.
3. To cooperate with district representatives of the Fuel Admin-
istration, with the Railroad Administration, and with the Ore and
Coal Exchange, Cleveland, in the effort to carry out the program.
4. To determine the proper amounts and kinds of coal to be fur-
nished to Canada via all-rail, rail and ferry, and by Lake.
5. To cooperate with other sections of the distribution division
and with the Canadian fuel controller to attain smooth working
accomplishment of the program. -
A tentative program of bituminous coal shipments
by Lake was early set up, which provided for a total
cargo movement of 28,000,000 net tons via Lake Erie
ports to all receiving docks at American and Canadian
ports on the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River.
During the navigation season of 1917 the movement
totaled 26,829,000 net tons. Requirements for ves-
sel fuel were estimated at 1,500,000 tons additional,
thus requiring a total of 29,500,000 tons from the mines
from April to December, inclusive.
3O
| | | - /
24 2%
| W
K
Uſ) A
2. Z
$2 ć
- Ł [8 3%
Z Ö Z &
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9 2 Ž
g A.
=! Ž
>. /
Z
6 2
O APR MAY JUNEJULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DfC JAN FEE, MAR
8 1919
|9||
FIG.44.—Diagram of the shipments of bituminous coal to lower Lakeports, exclusive
of vessel fuel, accumulative by months, for the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 31,
1919, compared with the budget established by the Fuel Administration. It
will be noted that not until the latter part of November did shipments for the
season equal the budget.
The total fuel requirements of the northwest for
1918–19, although little increased by war-time activ-
ity, had been altered by the prohibition of “smoke-
less” coals for domestic use and by the reduction in
anthracite supplied that section, and it was necessary
therefore to increase the allotment of bituminous coal
Over 1917–18.
The tonnage was allotted to producing districts as
shown by the following table and in figures 43, 44,
and 45:
Lake budget and shipments, 1918, in net tons.
Tentative I’ermanent Shipments
budget. budget. actually made.
April---------------------- 1,500,000 800,000 860,797
a Y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2,500,000 || 3, 200,000 || 3,041, 895
June---------------------- 4,000,000 || 3,400,000 3, 363, 566
July--------------------- 4, 500,000 || 4,900,000 || 4,039,737
August------------------- 4, 500,000 || 4, 900,000 4,805, 710
September-----. . . . . . . . . . . 4, 500,000 || 4,900,000 || 4, 666, 545
October. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 500,000 || 3, 500,000 || 4,855, 069
November------------. . . . . 2,500,000 2,400,000 2,519,998
December------ e = 500,000 | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total -------------- | 28,000, 000 28,000,000 || 28, 153,317

Plates XXI, XXII, XXIII.
(ARS United States Fuel Administration Report of Distribution Division, Part 1.
6500 -
6000
5500
5000
4500
4000
$500
3000
2500
2000
1500
Iſ)00
500
0.
JANARY FühūAſſ MAlth APHſ. MAY JUNE J||Y Alst striNER [[[[HER NOWEMiffl DEFEMBER JANARY fillſ RY MA|}|| APHIL
||8 |||}
XXI. Diagram showing thc number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of New York, N, Y., by days, January, 1918–April, 1919.
&
BARS
6000
550ſ,
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
|500
|000
500
JAN Affſ fill ARY MAlth APHll MAY J|Ni J||Y AURIST SEPTEMBER DCTRA NNEMBER DigiMilit JANARY FEBRUARY MAt||| APRIL
|9|| -
XX||. Diagram showing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of Hampton Roads, Va., by days, January, 1918–April, 1919.
(AHS
Iſiſ,
|500
|250 F-
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XXIII. Diagram snowing the number of carloads of bituminous coal dumped and the number of cars on hand at the harbor of Philadelphia, Pa., by days, January, 1918–April, i919.


DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. 63
The movement of this coal was scheduled in coop-
eration with the United States Railroad Administra- -
tion, by months, from the several districts.
Shipments to the end of June were below schedule
largely because of lack of production, and the sched-
ule for latter months, when larger production was
anticipated, was therefore increased.
By the end of August shipments were short of the
schedule by 1,200,000 tons, and the schedule was again
revised to provide this additional tonnage in Septem-
ber and October. Shipments in these months were
made at the rate provided by the new and larger
schedule, and in November shipments were main-
tained at a satisfactory rate, with the result that the
program was completed by November 23, 1918. On
that date the official Lake shipping season of the Ore
and Coal Exchange ceased, pools were abolished, and
the few shippers who continued to float coal thereafter
NET roNs
(250000 =
§ .] ſ\
|
(OOOOOo jº
| £,
fº - º
- A.'ſ * \
6OCOſ |
£50000 |
/
/
O – sº-
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
§ 3 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
so #
FIG. 45.-Diagram of shipments of bituminous coal to lower Lake ports, including
vessel fuel, by weeks, for the coal year April 1, 1918, to March 31, 1919, compared
with the budget established by the Fuel Administration.
assumed the responsibility of demurrage on cars and
boats and of securing and placing bottoms.
During the season of 1918 various expedients were
resorted to in furthering the execution of the program
for Lake and Canadian coal. The bituminous coal
zones were in effect and prescribed southern limits for
consignment of upper Lake dock coal and northern
limits on Tllinois coal in the northwest market terri-
tory. In midseason it was doubted whether the de-
sired tonnage of Lake coal could be supplied before the
close of navigation, and as Tllinois appeared able to
assume a larger share of the burden of fueling the
northwest, Zonelines were modified to permit the move-
ment of Illinois coal farther north into the so-called
dock territory. - -
In September a meeting was held with Lake Michi-
gan dock operators at which they agreed to divert to
Lake Superior docks as much as possible of various
kinds of bituminous coal in an effort to fill the needs
123976°–19—PT I—5
of the far northwest first. It was understood that
should any shortage be developed in stocks on Lake
Michigan by this procedure it would be offset later by
rail shipments from producing districts in Illinois and
the east direct to the territory normally served from
Lake Michigan docks. Under this agreement Lake
Superior docks received upward of 500,000 tons of
coal vitally needed in that cold climate before the ad-
vent of severe weather, which would otherwise not
have reached there via the Lakes until later in the
year.
This diversion to Lake Superior was done at a time
when the total floatings were unusually heavy. It
was important to the success of the plan to discharge
cargoes and release boats at their destinations as
rapidly as possible in order to increase the number of
trips of the individual vessels. To further this end
the Ore and Coal Exchange, the Lake Superior dock
people, and Mr. White, the manager of this section,
worked out a plan whereby coal cargoes for the head
of the Lakes would be unloaded at the fastest docks,
regardless of ownership. This plan was made effective
and resulted in a material decrease in the average de-
tention of boats at the receiving ports and shortened

the time consumed in the round trip from Lake Erie.
More than 96 per cent of all Lake bituminous coal
was floated from Lake Erie ports under the joint juris-
diction of the Ore and Coal Exchange and the United
States Fuel Administration. The remainder was
floated from Lake Ontario ports, mainly Charlotte,
N. Y., from where during the season of 1918 approxi-
mately 500,000 net tons of bituminous coal were
shipped to Canada and 300,000 tons to American ports
on the St. Lawrence River. Most of this coal was
mined in central Pennsylvania along the line of the
Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway, and because
of the urgent need for the coal of that region for local
rail distribution it was necessary to hold several con-
ferences during the shipping season with parties inter-
ested to maintain the proper flow of coal to the port.
The Lake anthracite program was based upon
tonnages allotted by the bureau of anthracite dis-
tribution to Canada and to the various communities
in the United States dependent upon Lake transpor-
tation for their supplies. Some of the Canadian coal
went to ports on the St. Lawrence River and Lake
Huron, but the bulk was destined to the twin ports
Fort William and Port Arthur, on Lake Superior,
while the major portion of the anthracite for .the
States was for delivery to the docks on the west bank
of Lake Michigan and south bank of Lake Superior,
customarily supplying the so-called Northwestern
States of Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Wisconsin, northern Iowa, and the upper peninsula
of Michigan. The Canadian anthracite allotment
will be found treated elsewhere in this report. The
64 - REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
allotment of domestic size of anthracite by Lake in
1918 to the Northwestern States was as follows:
Allotment of anthracite to the Northwest. Net tons.
Minnesota.......... . . . . . . . . . .----------------------- 1, 123,403
North Dakota.---------................................. 226,041
South Dakota.----------------........................ 187, 506
Wisconsin.-------------------........................ 1, 158,889
Northern Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141, 195
Upper Michigan----------------.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,790
Total------------------------------------------ 2,958, 824
In repreparing domestic sizes of anthracite for the
dock market at the upper Lake docks there is an
average degradation of 8 per cent in weight, and it
was necessary therefore to provide for this in the
State allotments. The Lake anthracite tonnage was
allotted solely to the five producing companies that
had been the largest factors in this trade in previous
seasons in order better to administer the program.
Each producer's allotted tonnage was, in turn, di-
vided up between the receiving dock companies in
accordance with distribution in previous years. A
schedule was then made to cover the distribution of
this coal by the dock companies into the consuming
States under the direction of the district representa-
tive in charge of dock territory.
Shipments as made during the season were applied
against the Lake allotment, but shortly after the
middle of November mine shipments fell off so sharply
as a result of the epidemic of influenza and the peace
celebrations that it became evident that the comple-
tion of the anthracite Lake schedule was jeopardized.
Termination of the Lake shipping season was immi-
nent because of weather conditions and quick and
vigorous action to protect the program was impera-
tive. Prompt action was taken by the Fuel Admin-
istration, and shipments were forced to the States in
sufficient quantity to overcome the danger. The
entire allotted tonnage was shipped and the admin-
istration's Lake anthracite program was fully com-
pleted.
Orders of the Fuel Administration affecting Lake distribution, season
of 1918–19.
Publication No. 1651; effective April 1, 1918.-Order prescribing that dock coal
be distributed only to States of Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota, the
Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and to Wisconsin and Iowa on and north of a line
from Milwaukee to Sioux City, Iowa, through Madison, Wis., and Mason City, Iowa.
Publication No. 4096–A; effective April 28, 1918.-Permitting smithing coal to be
shipped west of zone prescribed in order of 4–1–18 (Pub. 1651).
Publication No. 1949; effective May 27, 1918.—Prohibiting shipments via the
Lakes and distribution from the Lake docks of low volatile coal for domestic fuel.
Publication No. 2095; effective June 1, 1918.-Establishing Lake forwarders’
commissions, fuelers’ margins, and dock prices on all bituminous coals.
Publication No. 2252; effective June 24, 1918.-Establishing dock anthracite prices.
Publication No. 2314; effective July 3, 1918.-Prohibiting the sale and distribution
of gas coal except for use in by-product or illuminating gas plants.
Publication No. 2433; effective July 18, 1918.—Prohibiting the sale and distribution
of smokeless coal except for manufacture of illuminating gas, by-product coke, or
coal briquettes.
Publication effective August 3, 1918.-Prescribing zone into which anthracite
should be distributed from the Lake docks.
Publication No. 2638; effective August 7, 1918.-Establishing regulation relative
to commissions, margin, and profits to be charged by Lake forwarders and Lake
fuelers on the Great Lakes.
Publication No. 2682; effective August 8, 1918.-Statement concerning various
orders establishing regulations relative to charges by Lake forwarders and Lake
fuelers on the Great Lakes.
Publication No. 2843; eſfective August 26, 1918.-Revising Lake dock prices.
The first formal action of the United States Fuel
Administration in connection with exports of coal to
Canada was taken under date of September 19, 1917,
when instructions were sent to coal operators, jobbers,
dock companies, and others desiring to ship to Canada
to so notify the Fuel Administration and to answer cer-
tain questions regarding the origin and destination of
proposed shipments of coal, tonnage previously
shipped, etc. Notification was at the same time given
that henceforth shipments of anthracite and bitumin-
ous coal from the United States to Canada would be
permitted to move only on license issued by the
United States Fuel Administration.
In October, 1917, it was determined to allot to Can-
ada for the balance of that calendar year a tonnage of
10 per cent in excess of the receipts of bituminous coal
during the corresponding period in 1916, this increase
being approximately the estimated increase in avail-
able tonnage for distribution within the United States
and conforming with the determination of the Fuel
Administration to allow Canada to share proportion-
ately with the States of the Union in the expected
increased production of coal, permits for shipments to
be granted only to shippers who were engaged in the
export business to Canada during the previous year.
This arrangement, which went into effect on No-
vember 1, remained effective until December 31, when
new permits were required for the following quarter-
year, drawing the lines of control more closely. In
granting the permits for the period beginning January
1, 1918, stipulation was made that shippers were re-
quired to report to the Fuel Administration each ship-
ment of coal to Canada at the time of its leaving the
port of exit from the United States. Arrangements
were made with the United States customhouses for
reports giving the names of shippers and amounts of
coal in each shipment passing through the various
customhouses. These reports developed the fact that
a considerable tonnage was continually moving without
permit. It was recognized from the start that it
would be difficult to control absolutely the movement
to Canada on account of the many gateways available
for export and the enormous detail involved in any
adequate policing scheme that might be inaugurated
by the Fuel Administration; and so, beyond warning
shippers who persisted in shipping coal to Canada
without the sanction of permit that a continuance of
such practices might be punished by the Fuel Adminis-
tration by an order prohibiting further exportations to
Canada, no punitive action was undertaken for some
time, although various methods of complete control
were discussed and rejected.
Meanwhile the Canadian fuel controller furnished
monthly reports of imports of bituminous coal and of
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 65
domestic and steam sizes of anthracite tabulated by
the Canadian customs department, and as these re-
ports were obviously accurate because, for bituminous
coal, they were based upon the collection of duty, and
as they excluded tonnage offered to the United States
custom-houses for export which were later diverted to
destinations in the States, the Canadian import figures
were finally adopted as the official measure of our ex-
ports to Canada.
The control of Canadian shipments varied in detail
from time to time as experience dictated the desirabil-
ity of changes, but it was not until September, 1918,
that the entire system of control was changed. This
system, effective with the quarter commencing October
1, 1918, provided that applications for anthracite per-
mits be made upon blanks of the United States Fuel
Administration and approved by Mr. C. A. Magrath,
fuel controller of Canada, ānd that permits for bitumi-
nous coal be approved by Mr. H. P. McCue, assistant
fuel controller of Canada. Smithing coal applications
also were required to be approved by Mr. McCue.
Upon approval of these applications they were sent
by the respective Canadian officials to Mr. C. P. White,
manager, Lake and Canadian distribution, United
States Fuel Administration at Washington, over whose
signature permits were issued in triplicate, the copies
going to the applicant, the Canadian fuel administra-
tion, and one copy retained for the office file. The
applicant was also furnished, at the time of the grant-
ing of the permit, with full instructions as to his
privileges under the permit and requirements as to
making reports of shipments under oath.
Lists of existing permits were furnished to the United
States customhouses under an arrangement with the
Customs Division, Treasury Department, through
which each customhouse made semiweekly reports of
exports to Canada. The customhouses were instructed
to refuse clearance to all shipments offered for export
unless railroad billing and shippers' export declarations
carried permit number agreeing with the record of
permits in the customhouses. This rule, however, was
made sufficiently flexible to authorize customs officials
to clear such shipments, if in their opinion that course
was advisable to prevent congestion or delay in termi-
nal traffic. -
Except where special coals for gas and by-product
purposes were involved, shipments to Canada were
confined to coals which were permitted under the Zone
regulations to reach ports of export, thus putting
Canada under the same regulation as to distribution
as the States. -
Holders of permits were warned that the control of
shipments to Canada was complete and that failure
on their part to observe the rules and regulations
would lay them open to penalties.
This system was found satisfactory and adequate
from its inception. Shipments to the frontier without
3,600,000 gross tons of domestic sizes.
points of origin or routing were quickly stopped, and
in the few instances where shipments were offered for
export without permit they were found to be the
result of misunderstanding or error, not willful disre-
gard of orders.
At several conferences with the Canadian fuel offi-
cials during the spring and summer of 1918 tentative
allotments of bituminous and of domestic anthracite
grades were agreed upon. Bituminous allotments
were subsequently worked up into schedule for ship-
ments via the Lakes, all-rail, and ferry lines covering
the months from April, 1918, to March, 1919, inclusive,
as follows:
Canadian budget, coal year Apr. 1, 1918, to Mar. 31, 1919, in met tons.
(Agreed to by H. P. McCue, assistant fuel controller, for C. A. Magrath, fuel con-
troller to Canada, and C. P. White, manager, Lake and Canadian distribution,
United States Fuel Administration, and approved by A. W. Calloway, director
bituminous distribution.) º

Lakes. Tail. Terry. Total.
April------------------ 188,000 || 524,750 | 178, 100 890, 850
May. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] 851, 000 || 524, 750 178, 100 | 1,553, 850
June. --------------- 981,000 || 524, 750 | 178, 100 | 1,683,850
July------------------- 1,536,000 || 524,750 | 178, 100 2,238,850
August.-------------. I, 536,000 || 524, 750 | 178, 100 2,238,850
September. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574,300 567,650 | 178, 100 2,320,050
October. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [1, 574, 300 || 567,600 178, 200 2, 320, 100
November . . . . . . . . . . . 959,400 567,600 || 178,200 | 1,705, 200
December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567,600 | 178,000 745,600
January. ------------|---------- 567, 600 |. . . . . . . . . . 567,600
February. -----------|---------- 567, 600 |... . . . . . . . 567,600
March----------------|---------- 567, 600 |- - - - - - - - - - 567,600
Total. . . . . . . . . . 9, 200,000 6,597,000 |1,603,000 |17,400,000
The Canadian budget for anthracite was set at
No attempt
was made to develop a schedule as to the amount to
be shipped each month nor as between Lake, rail, and
ferry movement. The shipments to and including
November had tallied closely with the proportional
amount due under this agreement. Meanwhile, con-
siderable quantities of steam grades of anthracite had
been moving to Canada without special provision;
that is, they had not been charged to either bituminous
or anthracite allotment.
That the apportionment of bituminous coal as set
forth above was fair and of a sufficient quantity for the
needs of the Canadian Provinces is manifested by the
fact that shipments of bituminous coal to Canada up
to December, 1918, had not been within 1,000,000 tons
of the pro rata amount provided by the allotment,
notwithstanding the fact that ample coal had been
available for export and had been so offered to Cana-
dian buyers and the Canadian fuel controller for
several months previous. It is worthy of note that
the greatest shortages in the shipments to Canada as
compared with the monthly allotments occurred during
the periods when coal was most plentiful in the United
States.
The control of the movement of coal to Canada
permit or in violation of permit regulations as to during the early days of the Fuel Administration was
66 . * REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
incidental to other activities and was not handled by a
separate subdivision until the summer of 1918.
During the early days of the organization and until
March 1, 1918, the control was under the direction of
Mr. P. B. Noyes, director of conservation, and Mr.
A. S. Learoyd, director of anthracite distribution. On
that date the bituminous control was transferred to
Mr. A. W. Calloway, director of bituminous dis-
tribution, who assigned Mr. H. F. Butler to the work,
the anthracite exports continuing under the direction
of Mr. Learoyd. Subsequently, upon Mr. Butler's
retirement from the Fuel Administration, his task
was given to Mr. E. F. Hartland, assistant director,
State distribution. On May 15, 1918, Mr. C. P. White,
manager Lake and Canadian distribution, was given
the responsibility for the control of both anthracite
and bituminous coal. For a time Mr. Hartland con-
tinued to direct the work until it was taken over for
Mr. White by Mr. J. B. Beardslee, assistant manager,
Lake and Canadian distribution, who continued in
charge until the end of 1918.
For the purpose of closer cooperation with the Ore
and Coal Exchange and to secure first-hand informa-
tion regarding the progress of shipments of coal to
Lake Erie ports for transshipment to ports on the
other Great Lakes and on the St. Lawrence River, a
branch of the Lake and Canadian distribution section
was established July 8, 1918, in offices adjacent to
those of the Ore and Coal Exchange, Perry Payne
Building, Cleveland, Ohio, with Mr. C. A. Witzel, a
former Cleveland railroad man, in charge as resident
manager. -
Cooperation was given the Ore and Coal Exchange in
the matter of improvement in the preparation of coal,
in the speeding up of shipments to the Lakes, and in
expediting placing of boats for loading. Moreover,
Mr. Witzel was called upon from time to time as con-
ciliator in controversies between members of the
exchange.
The Cleveland office also contributed to the Super-
vision of coal exported to Canada via water routes. To
it was delegated authority to issue permits covering
coal exported to Canada, these permits being covered
by formal permits issued later from Washington. This
arrangement was adopted for the purpose of avoiding
confusion and delay resulting from the rigid regulations
of the coal movement to Canada treated elsewhere in
this report. *
Mr. Witzel was also delegated, as a representative
of this section, to visit different ports for the purpose
of gathering information and recommending courses
of action as the season progressed.
The section on Lake and Canadian distribution at
the close of 1918 was an efficient Smooth working
organization. The work had been inaugurated with-
out even a nucleous of previous organization, without
records, and without precedents. Canadian exports
had formerly been without control of any sort, and
the Lake movement of the season of 1917 had been the
subject of bitter controversy between the interests
concerned.
COKE SECTION."
The coke problems of the Fuel Administration, re-
duced to their simplest terms were to meet the re-
quirements for coke resulting from the Nation's war
program, and in this discussion the approximate
magnitude of these requirements, the potential na-
tional resources of the coke industry, and the extent to
which requirements were met are treated in turn. The
methods used for controlling and regulating distribu-
tion and the prices of coke are also discussed.
COKE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES DURING
THE WAR PERIOD.
In normal times the Nation's requirements for coke
are measured by consumption under the operation of
the law of supply and demand, but under abnormal
conditions such as those created by the war, the ad-
justment of supply and demand is subject to sudden
dislocation, and a careful study is necessary before it is
possible to arrive at even an approximate estimate of
the potential or actual requirements existing during
the war period. -
The effect of the European war upon the coke in-
dustry was first indicated by a depression in coke pro-
duction in 1914 and the greater part of 1915, due to the
industrial stagnation following the interruption of
normal trade. By 1916, however, the Allies were
purchasing great quantities of munitions, notably
of the various metals for the production of which coke
is required, and as a result iron furnaces, and practi-
cally every coke oven that could be repaired and
operated with the labor available, were put in blast.
It was not long, however, before the rail movement of
munitions grew to such volume that embargoes, and a
shortage of cars at the coke ovens very seriously
affected the operation of the eastern coke plants and
iron furnaces, and to a lesser extent hampered the
operation of those farther west.
The principal effects of the war, as far as this in-
dustry is concerned, may, therefore, be summed up as,
first, a depression lasting through 1914 and most of
1915, which gave way to an unprecedented and uni-
versal demand for coke, and second, an extreme short-
age of transportation facilities which was the major
factor preventing the production of an ample supply of
coke in 1917 and the earlier part of 1918.
The first table given below shows the production of
coke in the United States from 1880 to 1918, and, as
about 98 per cent of the domestic production of coke
is consumed within the country, the figures give an ap-
1 Mr. Warren S. Blauvelt was appointed by Dr. Garſleld as coke advisor on No-
vember 7, 1917, and when the Coke Bureau of the distribution division was organ-
ized he became its director. In October, 1918, Mr. Blauvelt was transferred to the
bureau of production in the administrative division, and the bureau of coke was
made a section of the bureau of bituminous coal, with F. J. Herman as manager.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
67
proximate measure of the country's coke requirements Estimated consumption of coke i. the United States, 1913–1918 in
for the years prior to 1916. The second table shows 7.6t tons.
the consumption of coke in the United States during © , 1914 1915
the years 1913 to 1918, inclusive, and gives an even prºduction. 46,299, 530 || 34, 555,914 || 41, 581, 150
closer measure of the Nation’s needs before the stimu- || Imports---------------- 101, 212 133, 226 53, 222
lating effect of the European war began to be felt Total ------------ 46,400, 742 34,689, 140 || 41,634, 372
€Il ñi by th º of the ... Exports---------------- ’937.395 663, 585 895, 509
gene y by the - J - Estimated consumption. 45,413, 347 || 34,025, 555 || 40,738,863
Coke produced in the United States in net tons. 1917 1918
Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 533, 585 55,606, 828 56,479,000
Coke produced. Imports---------------- 54,955 24, 872 30,000
Year. Percent Percent- Total.------------- 54, 588, 540 || 55,631, 700 56, 509,000
r -
Beehive. age to By-product. age to Total. Exports - - - - - - sº º ºs e º 'º' :--- 1, 174, 645 1, 409, 320 1, 688, 000
total. total. Estimated consumption. 53,413, 895 54, 222,380 || 54,821,000
1880 - - - - - 3, 338, 300 || 100.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3,338, 300 The following table indicates the relative importance
1890 - - - - - 11, 508, 021 | 100.0 - - - - - - . . . . . - - I - - - - - - - ###% of the three major cl f cok d it al
1900. . . . . 15,457.5i 94.3 | 1,075,727 5.2 20,533,345 of the three major classes of coke consumers, and it also
# * - - - - # % º: # ; # ; § ; - i ; . ; indicates to some extent the increase in the needs of
911. . . . . 7, y - 3. } & ? y - tº a tº -
1912 - - - - - 32,868,435 74.7 | 11, 115, 164 25.3 43,983, 599 each of these classes as ſº the dull trade conditions of
#: s gº ºn as - ; ; ; #; # § § §§ § ; ; 1914 gave way to an active demand for war materials
1914. . . . . 3. y º y ) º y y • º -
1915- - - - - ####| ##| ##;| 3 || ###, for the European belligerents. Consumption by
# e = * - - ; # #: §§ § º ; ;" ; ; ; furnaces was 30 per cent greater in 1916 than in 1915,
išić...] § #3| ###| #6 ####| || while foundry and domestic consumption increased
-- 61 and 33 per cent respectively.
Coke consumed in the United States, exclusive of imports, in net tons.
Furnace. Foundry. Domestic and other uses.
State. -
1915 1916 1915 1916 1915 1916
Alabama-------------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,870, 378 4,048,471 | 110,901 | 158,339 0 747
Arizona----------------------------------------------------- 274, 965 382, 887 30 50 0 4, 401
Arkansas--------------------------------------------------- () 169 88 892 0 200
California-------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 679 47, 995 27, 569 28,633 0 2, 711
Colorado---------------------------------------------------- 550, 004 797, 628 21, 266 19, 218 0 2, 243
Delaware---------.... 335 2,950 6,941 8,352 0 800
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (a) 675 (a) 273 0 O
Florida.------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4,031 1, 007 1,916 0 101
Georgia.----------. '-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 729 7, 151 17, 599 24, 422 0 4, 896
Idaho----------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 c 3, 298 44 C 736 0 O
Illinois.. 2,933,487 || 4, 303,889 151, 572 287, 626 172,098 430,887
Indiana------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 781, 278 1,922,894 18, 265 126, 820 146, 851 82,532
Iowa...... 0 861 12, 516 17, 735 0 72, 346
Kansas------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 456 7, 165 18, 164 11, 975 5,000 162
Kentucky. -- 120, 300 396,861 15,076 43, 287 5, 245 5, 571
Louisana------------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 451 31, 237 50, 067 0 2, 130
Maryland----------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 336, 127 598, 302 a 8, 773 26, 176 0 2, 156
Michigan-----------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549,888 526, 745 103, 266 262, 479 || 303,052 333, 931
Minnesota.--------------- 128, 197 418, 664 18, 117 29,717 0 37, 339
Mississippi and Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 C 0 2,741 C 0 0 0
Missouri-----------------. 0 62,043 71,956 118, 250 20,000 91, 095
Montana------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210,448 222,087 448 2,839 O O
Nebraska---------------- 0 7,975 b 1,710 2, 625 0 35, 125
New England States.---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 7, 169 79, 209 142, 949 489,000 508, 285
New Jersey-----------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 527 100, 240 64, 365 62, 280 0 58,079
New Mexico.-----------------. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 754 11, 568 328 354 0 0
New York--------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 442, 423 2,912,370 203, 197 276,041 131,662 160,319
North Carolina and South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452 6,904 2,906 10, 927 0 2, 533
North Dakota and South Dakota... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O 0 b) 157 0 7, 804
Ohio-------------------------------------------------------- 7, 886,415 || 9, 766,983 || 156,475 270,231 17,081 118,707
Oklahoma-------------- - - - - 0 1,856 275 1, 596 0 165
Pennsylvania----------------- ..] 15,036, 595 | 18,678,838 308, 941 392, 205 || 364,009 || 306, 220
Tennessee----------------- 222, 202 598, 398 39, 546 78, 713 0 43, 693
Texas--------------------, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42,886 65, 755 16,798 23,075 0 5,039
Utah, Oregon, and Wyoming............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,002 237, 353 3,002 7, 705 0 6,000
- Virginia * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = = - - - - 384,436 763,023 41, 392 29, 663 0 1, 202
Washington: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49, 411 || 67,607 8, 124 8, 538 21, 185 3,933
West Virginia----------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294, 926 453, 808 24, 339 32, 300 41 7,693
Wisconsin. --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 540 440,088 76, 365 120,928 298,878 277,275
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 702, 573 || 47,875, 152 l, 664, 548 2,680,089 | 1,974, 102 || 2,616, 320



b Nebraska includes North and South Dakota.
a Maryland includes District of Columbia.
c Idaho includes Nevada.
68
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
For convenience in discussing the fluctuation of the
Nation's need for coke during the period of the war the
threefold classification of coke consumers given in the
foregoing table will be followed, and furnace, foundry,
and domestic requirements will be considered in the
order named.
FURN ACE REQUIREMENTS.
Save for a slight stringency which caused a rise in the
price of spot coke on the Connellsville market during
November and December, 1916, the United States
experienced no serious coke shortage during 1915 and
1916, and requirements during these years therefore
closely approximated the consumptions of furnace coke
which amounted, respectively, to 36, 702, 573 tons and
47,875,152 net tons. -
Coke consumed in the manufacture of pig iron.
[Compiled by the American Iron and Steel Institute.)
p; f
9.94 || Pig iron pro-
d ke per
Year. *:::::::"|º] dº
pig 1ron ©
produced
1913----------------- - - - - - - 37, 192, 287 2,415. 6 || 30, 326, 130
1914. 27,070,856 | 1,935.4 22,976,856
1915----------------------- 33,224, 328 1, 686.9 || 29, 535, 308
1916----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - 44,431, 905 || 2, 001. 0 || 38,844, 598
1917---------------- - - - - - - - 44,493, 316 2, 228.8 37,863, 643
1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39,051, 991
1 Includes pig iron made with bituminous coal and electricity.
The table given above indicates the quantity of coke
consumed by iron furnaces in the United States during
the years 1913 to 1918, inclusive, and by deducting the
amounts so consumed from the table of furnace-coke
consumption previously given it will be seen that the
requirements of the smelters and furnaces, other than
iron furnaces, remained fairly constant at slightly
less than 3,500,000 net tons per year during the years
1915 and 1916. And if it be assumed that during this
period these consumers were operating at capacity,
this figure also represents a fair measure of their re-
quirements during 1917 and 1918.
In contrast to the comparatively uninterrupted
supply of coke received at smelteries and furnace
operations producing other than iron there was a more
or less chronic shortage of coke at the iron furnaces
during 1917 and 1918. The number of iron furnace
stacks in blast during these years varied somewhat,
owing to the addition of a few new ones and the
necessity of repairing a number already built, but the
total productive capacity of the furnaces, and hence
their total fuel requirements, did not vary greatly.
Reports received by the coke section from all iron
furnaces in operation from June to October, 1918, af-
ford information as to the coke consumed and tons
of iron lost on account of coke shortage during those
months, and by taking these figures in conjunction
with those of the production of pig iron, by months,
it is possible to estimate the quantities of coke con-
sumed in the production of pig iron during all months
of both 1917 and 1918, and estimates can also be made
of the measure of the coke shortage reported for each
month. Thus for the five months of 1918 actual fig-
ures of the maximum requirements of the nation's
iron furnaces are available and from these estimates
of the maximum requirements for all months of 1916
and 1917 have been built up and the shortage of the
coke supply has been approximately measured. On
this basis it is estimated that the quantities of coke
required to operate the blast furnaces existent during
1917 and 1918 at marimum capacity amounted to
49,164,000 and 50,223,000 net tons, respectively, the
difference being due to the greater ratio of coke
charged to iron produced prevailing' in 1918. The
shortages in the supply of coke for iron furnace opera-
tion have been similarly estimated, and the results
obtained are given in the following table.
Estimated consumption, requirements for capacity operation, and shortage of coke at the iron furnaces of the United States, 1917 and 1918.
[In net tons.]
Consumption. *:::::::::: re. Shortage. *::::::::::: * | Required for capacity operation.
Period.
1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918
First quarter........... 10,643,000 || 9, 678,000 || 87.7 || 77.6 | 1,531,000 || 2,608,000 | 12.3 22.4 | 12, 174,000 | 12,286,000
Second quarter-------- - 11, 367,000 12,232,000 92.1 97.0 966,000 379,000 7.9 3.0 12, 333,000 12,611,000
Third quarter... . . . . . . . 11,437,000 12,400,000 | 93.2 98.7 739,000 161,000 6.8 1.3 12, 176,000 12,561, 000
Fourth quarter.-------- 11,046,000 | 12, 716,000 || 88.5 99.6 | 1,435,000 49,000 || 11.5 0.4 12,481,000 | 12, 765,000
Total . . . . . . . . . . 44,493,000 || 47,026,000 | 90.5 | 93.6 || 4,671,000 || 3, 197,000 | 9.5 | 6.4 || 49,164,000 || 50,223,000

FOUNDRY IREQUIREMENTS.
The coke consumed by domestic foundries amounted
to 1,974,102 net tons in 1915, compared with 2,616,320
tons in 1916, and a figure estimated at 3,132,000 tons
in 1917 and in 1918. The figure given for 1917 is the
quantity used based upon the assumption that foundry
requirements were then about on the same level as in
1918, and as foundries were kept supplied with coke
throughout the war period the measure of the amounts
of coke required by foundries is obtained by inspec-
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. : 69
tion. The following table gives the monthly coke
requirements, by States and principal cities, of the
United States during 1918.
Monthly requirements of coke and stocks on hand, June 30, 1918,
by foundries in the United States. -
Number :hl
* Yºg riº,
repºrted. ments. 1918.
Net tons. | Wet tons.
Alabama----------------------------- 56 9,091 5, 524
Arizona------------------------------ 8 182 219
Arkansas. . . . . . . , a. as as a a tº a sº se - sº s = * * * * * * * * 8 102 285
California---------------------------- 83 3,476 8,366
Colorado----------------------------- 28 1, 552 2,761
Connecticut-------------------------- 86 6,448 || 17,765
Delaware----------------------------- 12 1,436 3, 655
District of Columbia- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 408 873
Florida------------------------------ 12 I64 203
Georgia.------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52 227 2,933
Idaho-------------------------------- 3 40 156
Illinois, outisde of Chicago. -----------. 186 || 14,903 || 24, 456
Chicago-------------------------- 69 | 16, 233 26,066
Indiana------------------------------- 143 11, 257 17, 134
Iowa-------------------------------- 60 2,778 4,024
Kansas------------------------------ 25 1, 357 3, 521
Kentucky---------------------------- 33 1, 937 3,824
Louisiana---------------------------- 20 637 845
Maine.------------------------------- 25 753 2,780
Maryland----------------------------- 38 2,438 4, 464
Massachusetts, outside Boston---------- 134 8,816 || 30, 818
Boston, East Boston, etc.----------. 15 1, 531 5, 715
Michigan, outside of Detroit... . . . . . . . . 139 8,553 || 14, 297
Detroit--------------------------- 63 9,686 || 10,953
Minnesota.---------------------------- 67 4, 175 5,455
Missouri------------------------------ 74 5,096 7,052
Mississippi.------. . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 209 863
Montana----------------------------- 5 66 I62
Nebraska----------------------------- 15 354 469
Nevada.------------------------------ 3 20 70
New Hampshire.----------------. . . . . . 23 515 2, 172
New Jersey.-------------------------- 110 || 13,093 || 24, 120
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 50 45
New York, outside cities listed. . . . . . . . 214 18, 417 | 38,422
Brooklyn------------------------- 27 I, 824 2,566
Buffalo---------------------------- 46 5,929 || 12,050
New York City--------. . . . . . . . . . . 11 352 354
North Carolina-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 836 838
North Dakota.------------------------ l 6 22
Ohio, outside cities listed. . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 | 20, 452 29, 915
Cincinnati----------------------- 27 1,927 1, 709
Cleveland. ---------------------- 69 10, 231 || 10, 825
Dayton--------------------------- 24 1,706 2,413
Oklahoma---------------------------- 17 3.18 1,387
Oregon.-- - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 26 528 1, 357
Pennsylvania, outside cities listed. . . . . 371 || 32,107 || 52,574
Philadelphia-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4, 130 7,416
Pittsburgh ----------------------. 47 2,991 3,031
Rhode Island------------------. . . . . . . I7 1,657 7,039
South Carolina----------------------- 9 103 263
South Dakota.------------------------ 3 30 324
Tennessee---------------------------- 54 5, 723 4, 774
Texas-------------------------------- 38 1, 505 3, 884
Utah-------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 198 2,299
Vermont------------------------------ 18 744 3, 434
Virginia.----------------------------- 45 4, 291 2, 354
Washington:-------------------------- 48 1, 446 2, 510
West Virginia-------------------------- 27 966 1, 127
Wisconsin, outside Milwaukee . . . . . . . . 116 || 10, 145 9, 567
Milwaukee------------------------ 42 4,783 3,388
Wyoming----------------------------- l 3 22
Total United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 267 260, 931 || 437, 909
DOM ESTIC REQUIREMENTS.
When several commodities may be used inter-
changeably and the demand for them exceeds the ag-
gregate supply, any estimate of the relative shortage
in the supplies of the several commodities is neces-
sarily speculative. Metallurgical coke, gas coke, and
anthracite, and to some extent bituminous coal and
artificial gas, are interchangeable as fuels, so far as their
use for domestic purposes is concerned, and as at
various times and places demand exceeded the avail-
able supplies of these several commodities, widely
different estimates of the requirements for any one of
them may be obtained depending upon the method
employed for apportioning this demand. For the
purposes of this study the sales of coke for domestic
purposes during 1915 and 1916 are assumed to afford
a measure of domestic requirements during those
years. -
The total fuel requirements of domestic users were
probably considerably larger during 1917 and 1918
than during 1915 and 1916, as the result of the growth
of war industries located in the larger cities, but
it is not possible to apportion this demand among the
kinds of fuel. To some extent the demand for coke
for domestic use was increased during 1917 by the
difficulty experienced by gas companies in obtaining
deliveries of gas coal, which led them to use an in-
creasing proportion of the coke produced in their coal
gas retorts for water-gas production. This difficulty
was, however, almost if not entirely overcome during
1918.
The estimated quantities of coke used by domestic
consumers during the years 1915 to 1918 are given in
the following table and figures indicating the use of
coke by artificial-gas plants are available in an annual
bulletin published by the Geological Survey.
Estimated consumption of coke for domestic use in the United States, in
Tvet tons.
Year. Metºlºgical Gas º © Total coke.
1915---------------------- 1,930, 000 | 1,665,000 || 3, 595,000
1916. ------------. . . . . . . . . 1,850, 000 | 1,760,000 || 3,610,000
1917------------------------ 2,920, 000 | 1,855,000 || 4,775,000
1918---------------------- 2,700,000 | 1, 960, 000 || 4, 660,000

The following table presents a summary of the
estimated requirements of the several classes of coke
COInSUlDOleI’S . *
Estimated requirements of coke consumers in the United States, by
classes, in met toms.

Class of consumer. 1915 1916 1917 1918
Iron furnaces.... . . . . . 33, 224, 32S44,431, 90549, 164,000|50, 223,000
Smelters and other
furnaces. . . . . . . . . . . 3,478,245 3,443,248] 3,444,000 3,444,000
Foundries-----. . . . . . . 1,664, 548 2,680, 104 3, 132,000 3, 132,000
Domestic ". . . . . . . . . . 3, 595,000 3,610,000. 4, 745,000. 4, 660,000
Total . . . . . . . .41, 962, 121 54, 165, 257|60,485,00061,459,000
1 Includes coke sold by coal-gas plants.
70
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
POTENTIAL CAPACITY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR cokE PRODUCTION.
The Nation's ability to produce the coke needed for
its War program was of course primarily dependent
upon the productive capacity of the mines producing
coal of suitable quality, and, secondarily, upon the
oven capacity of the available coke plants in the
of beehive and of by-product coke ovens built and ,
under construction, and give the actual numbers of
ovens operated within each year, in so far as this
information is available.
Figures 46 and 47 illustrate the numbers of coke
ovens built and under construction each year since
1880, figures 48 to 59 show graphically the extent to
IIC, OOG -
OCºooo 7ozziz AZZ/y/l/Z |coºf zav złºwe cavazza' ~~
! - -" -*. - 75Zº &aš Cyr
8C,COO
2
§. N —T
O - - / ~ aſſº
GOOOO Zr
27-2- Y.
5 *a*z- e!”
o: °42; pt/
# Ac"
= 4oooo
2
2OOOO
aeezzlºz carcelouzºs oºzoºe coºkszeczozłovaz złº cºoselo-Zacawl X2×e
O - -
3 S § 3 Q - S. 2 St tº º N. g
2 2 º 2 2 90 90 Q 92 90 35 9 Q
FIG. 46–Diagram showing beehive coke ovens in the United States, by years, 1906 to 1918.
country. The first of these factors, the capacity of
mines producing coking coal, and especially coal
suitable for by-product coke productián, is covered in
the preceding pages of this report and it is therefore
sufficient for present purposes to state that it would
have been easily possible to produce all of the coking
10.COO
@OOO
4.OOO
:
2.Ooo
CO Q O
3 3. 3.
-*.
§
§
à
which the by-product ovens were operated in 1918,
and figure 60 shows the operating conditions in the
Connellsville region, the largest beehive coke district
in the United States. -
The productive capacity of the Nation's by-product
coke ovens available on January 1, 1919, amounted
à
#
à
#
#
ă
#
Fig. 47–Diagram showing by-product coke ovens in the United States, by years, 1906 to 1918.
coal necessary to meet the needs of the coke pro-
ducers, so far as mine capacities were concerned.
The capacity of the country's coke ovens was also
adequate to produce a surplus of coke had it been
possible to operate all of them on a full-time basis.
The tables given below indicate by years the numbers
to approximately 33,612,000 net tons, compared to
26,260,000 tons on January 1, 1918.
In estimating the maximum output theoretically
obtainable from the country's beehive coke ovens
during recent years it is not strictly exact to consider
that the average capacity of the idle ovens equaled

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
71
that of the ovens in blast, but, even so, the figure of
capacity obtained by multiplying the total number of
ovens by the average yield from those operated is a
conservative one in view of the extent to which pro-
duction was crippled at times by shortage of cars and
of labor. Calculated upon the basis suggested, the
annual productive capacity of the beehive ovens
available during 1918 amounted to 42,575,000 net
tons, compared with 42,506,000 tons for 1917, 49,-
506,000 tons in 1916, and 52,288,000 tons in 1915.
Beehive coke ovens in the United States.
Built. TJnder
construction
Year. at end
Active. Idle. Total. of year.
1906------------- - - - - - º 93, 901 |- - - - - - - - - -
1907. ---------- - - - - - - - 95,788 95, 788 |. . . . . . . . . .
1908.........--------- 97, 211 97, 211 . . . . . . . . . .
1909.----------- - - - - - - 99,993 99, 993 |. . . . . . . . . .
1910---------- - - - - - - - - 100, 362 100, 362 |- - - - - - - - - -
1911--------- - - - - - - - - - 59,160 40,095 99, 255 1, 556
1912--------------- - - - 67,847 29, 172 97,019 1,990
1913----------- - - - - - - - 66,477 30, 485 96,962 817
1914------------ - - - - - - 49, 496 44, 450 93,946 605
1915- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48,985 44, 125 93, 110 557
1916------------------ 65, 605 25,976 || 91, 581 104
1917. ---------- - - - - - - - 68,687 19, 340 88, 027 382
1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61, 317 23, 318 84, 635 369
By-product coke ovens in the United States.
Built. Under
Year. - COnStruction
Active. Idle. Total.
1893. ----------- - - - - - - 12 0 12 0
1894. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 0 12 60
1895. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 60 72 (30
1896. ---------- - - - - - - - 160 160 120
1897- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 280 280 180
1898-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 460 460 500
1899. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 960 960 65
1900----------- - - - - - - - 1,025 1,025 1,096
1901------------ - - - - - - 1, 105 1, 105 1, 533
1902. ------------ - - - - - 1,607 1, 607 1, 346
1903----------- - - - - - - - 1,900 1,900 1,335
1904------------ - - - - - - 2,854 2,854 832
1905. --------- - - - - - - - - 3, 103 3, 103 417
1906.---------- - - - - - - - 3,362 185 3, 547 112
1907. ---------- - - - - - - - 3, 659 25 3, 684 330
1908. ----------- - - - - - - 3, 679 120 3, 799 240
1909.----------- - - - - - - 3,914 75 3,989 949
1910---------- - - - - - - - - 4,051 27 4,078 1, 200
1911. ----------- - - - - - - 4, 320 304 4,624 698
1912- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5, 211 0 5, 211 793
1913. ----------------- 5,331 157 5,488 504
1914------------ - - - - - - 5, 142 667 5, 809 644
1915. . . . . . . . ---------- 5,982 286 6, 268 1, 191
1916. ---------- - - - - - - - 6,607 676 7, 283 2,084
1917------------- - - - - - 7, 298 571 7, 869 2, 260
1918. ---------- - - - - - - - 8,904 375 9, 279 1, 815
From the foregoing figures it is apparent that under
perfect operating conditions the productive capacities
of the coke ovens available in the United States ranged
between 70,000,000 and 80,000,000 net tons per
annum during the period of the war, compared with
an estimated maximum annual requirement of 60,000,-
000 net tons.
PRODUCTION OF COKE.”
The following tables give the production of coke in
the United States in 1917 and 1918. -
Beehive and by-product coke produced in the United States in 1917
and 1918.
1917
Beehive Coke. By-product coke.
State.
Coke Coke ºº:
Active Active e
ãº. º. º. º.
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . 5,493 2, 151,828 831|| 2, 740, 761| 4,892, 589
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . 2,867. 1, 112,449 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 112,449
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . 151 39, 589]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 589
Illinois-------------|------|---------- 619. 2, 289,833 2, 289,833
Indiana-------------|------|---------- 861] 3, 540, 718 3, 540, 718
Eentucky. . . . . . . . . . 801| 331, 532 108 531, 539 863,071
Maryland.----------|--|--|--|---------- 120 518,810. 518, 810
Massachusetts-----...]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317| 595, 113 595, 113
Michigan------------|--|--|--|---------- 258 2 2
Minnesota. ---------|--|--|--|---------- 152 490,272] 400, 272
Missouri------------|--|--|--|---------. 56 2 2
New Jersey---------|--|--|--|---------- 260 423, 361| 423, 361
New Mexico. -- - - - - - - 1, 134 577, 679 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 577,679
New York-----------|--|--|--|---------- 615 993, 184| 993, 184
io--------------- 198] 147,8261,009 3, 546,476. 3,694, 302
Oklahoma----------|------|----------|-----|----------|----------
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . 44, 534|23,816,420.1, 629 4,095, 60527,912, 025
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . 1, 266 376,080 12 35, 246 411, 326
Utah--------------- 726 (*) -----|---------. 3
Virginia------------. 8,029. 1, 304, 230|- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304, 230
Washington - 254 4 471, 187 5 26, 346 4497, 533
West Virginia. . . . . . 8, 234 2,838, 728, 214 511,033 3,349,761
Wisconsin-----------|--|--|--|-- - - - - - - - - 232 (2)
Combined States----|--|--|--|----------|-----| 2, 100,983| 2,100, 983
Total. . . . . . . . . 68,687,33, 167, 5487,298|22,439, 280|55,606, 828
1918
Beehive coke. By-product coke.
State.
Cok Cok º º
Active 9*., Active OR6 Inet, 50IS).
ãº. º. º. º.
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . 5, 570) 1, 717,721 807| 2,634,451) 4,352, 172
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . 1,431| 758,784 120 230,663 989, 447
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . I01 22,048l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,048
Illinois-------------|--|--|--|---------- 605. 2, 285, 610| 2, 285, 610
Indiana. -------. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 945 3,898, 215 3,898, 215
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . 798. 301,036|| 108 517, 749, 818, 785
Maryland.----------|--|--|--|---------. 180 474, 368 474, 368
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 556, 397 556, 397
Michigan------------|--|--|--|---------- 269 2) (2)
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214| 784,065. 784,065
Missouri... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2 (2)
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 682, 148 682, 148
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . 1,053 597,072 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597,072
New York-----------|--|--|--|---------- 615. 1, 069, 587; 1, 069, 587
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198| 138,909|1,610 5,226,334] 5, 365, 243
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . 304 *) -----|---------. 2
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . 37, 730|22, 136,664|2, 189| 4, 586, 981|26,723,645
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . l, 101| 302, 637| 24 124,469 427, 106
Utah.-------------- 819 (*) -----|---------- 2
Virginia------------. 3, 135. 1, 234, 256 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 234, 256
Washington. . . . . . . . . 250 93, 659| 20 30, 129 123,788
West Virginia. . . . . . 8,827 2, 716, 613 214 603, 393 3, 320, 006
Wisconsin.-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26S 2. 2
Combined States. . . . . . . . . . 461, 393 - - - - - 2, 293,021, 2, 754, 414
Total. . . . . . . . . 61, 317|30,480,7928, 904|25,997, 5S056,478, 372

wº-
* The leader is referred to the current reports on coke of the United States Geolog-
ical Survey for more detailed statistics of production.
2 Included in combined States.
8 Included with Washington.
4 Includes Utah.
72 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Production of by-product coke, by months, 1917 and 1918. Production of Beehive coke, by months, 1915 to 1918, inclusive.
[Net tons.] - [Net tons.]
Month. 1917 1918 Month. 1915 1916 1917 1918
January------------------------------- 1, 787, 850 | 1, 637, 848 || January. . . . . . . . . . 1,445,691 || 2, 919,002 || 2,923,056 2, 255, 578
February------------------------------ 1, 806, 773 | 1, 533,857 | February. . . . . . . . . 1,583, 992 || 2,887, 349 || 2,489,888 2, 225,098
March-------------------------------- 1,813, 435 | 2,027,811 || March . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,864, 922 3, 263, 196 || 3, 138,977 | 2,651, 829
April--------------------------------- |-| 1,859, 278 || 2,001, 814 | April. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,841, 369 || 2,875, 600 2,813, 935 | 2, 590,868
8X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,879, 268 2, 105, 804 ay. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,936,414 || 3,043, 940 2,861, 364 2,743, 271
June---------------------------------- 1,880,335 | 2,079,806 || June. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 209,666 2,917, 543 2,754, 897 2,712,790
July----------------------------------- 1, 882,200 2, 287,787 || July--- - - - - - - - - - - - 2, 345, 271 2,721, 323 2,753, 902 || 2,834, 714
August--------------------------------- 1,914,450 2, 365, 780 || August...... . . . . . . 2, 553,055 2,999, 220 | 2, 649, 755 2,651, 829
September. --------------------------- 1,918, 714 || 2, 391, 777 | September. . . . . . . 2,581, 708 || 3,015, 848 2,727, 367 2, 590, 867
October-------------------------------- 1,898, 192 || 2, 547, 763 || October..... . . . . . .] 3,029,077 || 3,079, 332 2,780, 436 2,621, 348
November----------------------------- 1, 899, 526 2,495, 768 || November. . . . . . . . 3,024, 698 || 2,933,921 2,677,284 2, 347,021
December----------------------------- 1, 899, 259 2, 521, 765 December. . . . . . . . 3,092, 392 || 2,807, 950 2, 596,687 2, 255, 579
Total---------------------------- 22,439, 280 25, 997, 580 Total. . . . . . .27, 508, 255 |35,464,224 |33, 167, 548 |30,480,792
Production of beehive coke in the United States, by States.
[Estimated by weeks.]
Calendar Year 1917.
[Net tons.]
Week ended. Wºº- Alabama. Wºng. Georgia. | Utah. Virginia. Colorado.
1 To be omitted from 1917 total.
Jan. 6'---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 568, 149 | 40,592 | 1, 562 612 6,731 22,393 32, 947
13- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 681, 743 48,897 | 1,885 737 8, 107 26,972 | . 36,206
20-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 681, 743 48, 899 || 1,884 737 8, 107 26,972 36,207
27- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 681, 743 48,901 | 1,885 738 || 8, 107 26,972 28, 766
Feb. 3.-------------------------------------------------- 641, 915 47, 767 | 1,911 677 | 7,374 26, 120 28, 398
10--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 607,469 49, 672 2, 164 597 || 6,317 26, 591 28,929
17----------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 607,469 49, 639 2, 162 597 || 6, 311 26, 575 29, 327
24----------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 607,469 || 49,629 2, 162 596 || 6,310 26, 569 29,323
Mar. 3.--------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670,319 50, 850 2, 290 681 7, 304 28,050 30,630
10- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 729, 383 46,070 2, 272 787 8,747 27, 501 30, 757
17- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 729, 383 46,070 | 1,896 653 6, 642 22, 764 35, 326
24- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 729, 383 46,070 2, 272 787 8,748 27,499 21, 176
31- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 729, 383. 46,070 2, 272 787 8, 748 27,499 21, 176
Apr. 7- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 651, 404 42,329 | 1,639 596 7, 591 24,062 19,901
14- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 651, 404 42, 523 1, 569 693 7, 549 23,972 20,076
21- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651, 404 42, 522 | 1, 570 693 7, 550 23,972 20,074
28-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651, 404 42, 522 | 1, 570 693 7, 550 23,972 20,074
May 5----------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633, 734 40, 358 1,680 893 || 8, 163 24,945 19, 621
12---------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632,742 39, 543 | 1,795 891 8,782 26, 165 19,670
19---------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632,742 39, 542 | 1,795 891 8,782 26, 165 19, 669
26---------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632,742 39, 542 | 1,795 891 8,781 26, 166 19, 670
June 2- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642,660 39, 986 1,810 890 8,752 26, 108 20, 100
9- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654, 167 || 39, 592 | 1,759 || 819 || 7,878 || 23,678 21, 243
16- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654, 167 39, 592 | 1,759 819 7, 878 23,678 21, 243
23- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654, 167 39, 592 | 1,759 819 7,878 23,678 21, 243
30- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687,458 41, 607 | 1,848 861 8,279 24, 882 22,321
July 7-------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571,972 36, 514 | 1, 572 686 5,527 20,900 16, 167
14----------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635,647 40, 936 1,754 758 5,883 23, 263 17, 506
21-------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643, 437 41, 763 | 1,789 773 6,001 23,733 18, 421
28-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620, 897 39,986 | 1,713 740 5, 746 22,724 17, 100
Aug. 4.----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565, 784 34,461 | 1,731 731 5, 522 21,427 15,628
11- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587,930 32,994 || 2,043 838 || 6, 146 23, 292 16, 304
18- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574,009 32, 213 1,995 818 6,000 22, 740 15,919
25- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553,783 31,077 | 1,924 789 5,788 21,938 15, 357
Sept. 1--------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650, 198 36,487 2,260 927 6,796 || 25,757 18, 029
8---------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640, 523 36,562 1,930 884 || 8,654 23, 210 18,906
15- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648,984 37,043 | 1,955 896 8,768 23, 517 19, 155
22- - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648,984 37,043 | 1,955 896 || 8,768 23, 517 19, 155
29- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679, 866 38,806 || 2,049 939 || 9, 185 24, 636 20,067
Oct. 6---------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637, 940 43, 194 | 1, 809 716 7, 177 25, 242 18, 163
13---------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660,477 47, 568 1, 826 674 6,827 27,012 18, 531
20------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605, 944 43,640 1,675 619 6,263 24, 781 17, 002
27--------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603, 336 43, 452 | 1,668 616 || 6, 236 24,675 16, 928
Nov. 3.---------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580, 643 40,268 1,675 687 | 6,052 23,778 16,441
10--------------------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575,473 36,061 | 1,837 912 6, 129 23, 649 16,668
17------------------------------ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623,493 39,070 | 1,990 988 || 6,641 25,623 18,059
24-------- F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 642, 707 40,274 2,052 | 1,020 6,845 26, 413 18, 615

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
73
Production of beehive coke in the United States, by States—Continued.
Calendar year, I917—Continued.
[Net tons.]
Week ended. W." | Alabama. Wº..."4"| Georgia. | Utah. Virginia. | Colorado.
Dec. 1-------------------------------------------------- 636, 717 39, 898 || 2,033 | 1,009 6,781 26, 166 18, 442
8------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 694,655 45, 735 | 1,730 624 6, 708 31, 298 20, 011
15.---------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 573, 941 37, 786 1,431 515 5, 543 25, 859 16, 534
22- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 657,230 43, 270 | 1,637 590 6, 347 29, 612 18, 933
29-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 567,040 37, 331 | 1, 414 509 5,476 25, 548 16, 335
Total 1917. ------------------------------------. . . .] 33, 167, 548 2, 151,828 96,412 || 39, 589 || 374, 775 | 1,304, 230 1,112,449
Tortion of week of Jan. 6, 1917, to be included in 1917 totals. 452, 657 30, 612 1, 250 490 5, 385. 17,914 26, 358
Portion of week of Jan. 5, 1918, to be included in 1917 totals. 105,684 |- - - - - - - - - - - 312 122 1, 346 4,479 6, 589
Week ended. Kentucky. Tennessee. New Mexico. West Virginia. | Pennsylvania. Ohio.
Jan. 6'------------------------------------------------- 7, 054 6,093 9,694 38, 823 398,248 3,400
13- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8, 498 7, 339 11, 679 48, 287 480, 208 || 2,928
20- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8, 498 7,339 11, 677 48, 285 480, 213 2,925
- 27- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8, 498 7, 339 11, 679 55, 728 480, 205 2,925
Teb. 3.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8, 121 6, 565 11, 785 52,943 447, 435 2,819
10- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,996 5,336 13, 200 51,339 412,491 2,837
17- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 992 5,332 13, 191 51, 305 412, 203 2,835
24- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7,990 5,331 13, 188 51,419 412, 118 2,834
Mar. 3.------------------------------------------------ 8, 214 6, 156 13, 391 56,778 462, 979. 2,996
10- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 515 7, 354 11, 833 62, 156 521, 444 2,947
17- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5, 553 6,383 9,304 62, 157 531,025 1, 610
24- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 516 7, 354 11,832 62, 157 531,025 2,947
31- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 516 7, 354 11,832 62, 157 531,025 2, 947
Apr. 7- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,336 7,451 11, 110 50,791 476,839 2,759
14- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 269 7,601 11, 204 49,951 477,216 2,781
21- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 269 7,601 11, 204 49,955 477,213 2,781
28-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 269 7,601 11, 203 49,952 477,217 2,781
May 5- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 522 7, 577 10,814 52, 101 458, 318 2,742
12- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,668 7,712 10,737 54, 732 453,280 2,767
19-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,668 7,712 10,735 54, 735 453,281 2,767
26- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 668 7,712 10, 737 54, 732 453,281 2,767
June 2------------------------------------------------- 6,633 7,819 10, 970 55, 234 461, 545 2,813
9- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,875 7,898 11, 565 54,049 476, 930 2,881
16- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,875 7,898 11, 565 54,049 476, 930 2,881
23-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,875 7,898 11, 565 54,049 476, 930 2,881
30- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 174 8, 300 12, 156 56, 804 501, 199 3,027
July 7------------------------------------------------- 4,822 7,057 9, 362 44, 866 421, 917 | 2, 582
14--------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,298 7,866 10, 262 49, 405 469,835 2,881
21. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,405 8,025 10,469 50, 404 473, 715 2,939
28-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5, 175 7,683 10,025 48, 259 458, 932 2,814
Aug. 4.------------------------------------------------ 4,760 7, 139 9,363 45, 191 4.17, 236 2,595
11- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,007 7,612 10,054 48, 694 432, 205 2,741
18-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4,890 7,432 9,817 47, 539 421, 970 2, 676
25- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4, 717 7, 170 9,470 45, 865 407, 106 2, 582
Sept. 1.------------------------------------------------- 5, 540 8, 419 11, 120 53,850 477,982 3,031
8-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,432 6,936 10,972 51,835 472, 330 2,872
15- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5, 504 7,027 11, 117 52, 522 478, 570 2,910
22- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5, 504 7,027 11, 117 52, 522 478, 570 2,910
29- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5, 765 7, 361 11,647 55,021 501, 342 3,048
Oct. 6. ------------------------------------------------ 6, 269 7,646 10, 959 56,883 456, 993 2,889
13. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6,855 8, 224 11, 362 61, 112 467, 483 3,003
20. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 289 7, 545 10, 423 56,067 428,885 2, 755
27- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 262 7, 513 10,378 55,826 427,039 2,743
Nov. 3.------------------------------------------------ 5,877 6,985 9,906 53, 106 413, 222 2,646
10------------------------------------------------- 5,459 6, 314 9,618 51, 107 415,080 2,639
17- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,914 6,841 10, 421 55, 369 449, 717 2,860
24------------------------------------------------- 6,096 7,052 10, 735 57,076 463, 581 2,948
Dec. 1.------------------------------------------------ 6,040 6,986 10,642 56, 545 459, 255 2,920
8-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7, 130 7, 848 13,492 82,202 474, 460 3, 417
15- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,893 6,484 11, 148 67,918 392,006 2,824
22- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 746 7,426 12, 765 77,774 448, 897 3, 233
29------------------------------------------------- 5,821 6, 407 11,013 67, 102 387,294 2,790
Total.--------------------------------------------- 331, 532 376,080 577, 679 2,838, 728 23, 816,420 147, 826
Portion of week of Jan. 6, 1917, to be included in 1917 totals. 3, 643 4, 874 7, 755 31,058 318, 598 2,720
Portion of week of Jan. 5, 1918, to be included in 1917 totals. 1, 411 1, 219 2, 111 7, 765 79, 650 680
1 To be omitted from 1917 total.
74
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Production of beehive coke in the United States, by States—Continued.
[Estimated by weeks.]
Calendar Year 1918.
[Net tons.]
Week ended— W.H.E.* | Alabama. Wºng. Georgia. Utah. Virginia. | Colorado.
Jan 5'------------------------------------------------ 459,903 39,930 1,751 341 8,668 21,618 23, 251
12------------------------------------------------- 554, 983 48, 498 || 2, 126 416 || 10, 529 26, 260 28, 240
19------------------------------------------------- 519, 717 45, 415 | 1,991 390 9,860 24, 591 26,447
26------------------------------------------------- 499,647 43,661 | 1,915 375 9,478 23, 641 25, 424
Feb. 2.------------------------------------------------ 467, 700 40,243 | 1, 878 420 9, 218 22,772 23, 699
9------------------------------------------------- 516, 541 42,825 || 2, 293 644 11,066 26,791 25,913
16------------------------------------------------- 560, 319 46,455 2, 488 699 || 12,005 29,061 28, 110
23------------------------------------------------- 573, 986 47, 587 2, 548 716 | 12, 298 29, 770 28, 796
Mar. 2.------------------------------------------------ 621,482 49, 849 2,667 726 12, 201 31,492 30, 664
9------------------------------------------------- 595, 992 44, 232 2, 251 598 9, 319 28,638 28, 281
16------------------------------------------------- 604, 516 44, 865 2, 282 607 9,452 29,048 28, 686
23------------------------------------------------- 623,927 46, 304 || 2, 356 626 9,755 29,980 29, 607
30------------------------------------------------- 609, 163 45, 210 2,299 611 9, 525 29, 270 28,906
Apr. 6------------------------------------------------- 568, 651 32, 570 1,235 362 | 12, 354 21, 245 19, 557
13------------------------------------------------- 573, 407 36,076 1,488 440 9, 711 22, 169 19,008
20------------------------------------------------- 591, 706 40, 101 | 1,664 412 11,484 24, 356 20, 304
27------------------------------------------------- 655, 698 38, 560 2,014 428 12,822 28, 405 21, 388
May 4------------------------------------------------- 594,697 36, 339 2,016 377 | 11,411 25, 448 21,953
11---------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - 623,993 37, 202 || 2,016 281 12, 110 25, 213 22, 502
18------------------------------------------------- 634, 056 37,005 || 2,037 395 || 12, 645 24, 953 24,004
25------------------------------------------------- 620,090 39, 412 | 1,643 492 || 13, 198 26, 148 23,014
June 1.------------------------------------------------ 582, 204 37, 355 | 1,634 452 | 13, 563 24, 581 19, 112
8------------------------------------------------- 660, 268 46, 389 | 1,979 653 | 13,703 26, 788 21, 540
15.----------------------------------------- - - - - - - - 686, 319 46, 614 | 1,683 562 13, 102 27,015 21, 334
22------------------------------------------------- 633, 162 42, 537 1,777 435 | 13, 407 24, 566 18, 648
29------------------------------------------------- 627, 125 39, 550 || 2, 371 452 | 12, 106 21, 999 18, 354
July 6------------------------------------------------- 578,965 35, 316 1, 262 598 7,757 18, 586 13, 750
13------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 680, 285 42, 796 | 1,900 | 408 || 11,005 28,692 18, 530
20------------------------------------------ - - - - - - - 631,766 40,088 1,757 584 || 10, 529 23,781 15, 031
27------------------------------------------------- 615, 969 41, 415 || 1, 716 458 9,622 24, 430 11, 923
Aug. 3.------------------------------------------------ 613, 849 38,918 2, 212 437 11,489 21, 444 11, 323
10------------------------------------------------- 574,096 41, 007 | 1,915 438 8, 169 21, 137 11, 328
17------------------------------------------------- 575, 200 37, 480 | 1,876 420 9, 834 20, 554 12, 473
24---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 592, 802 38,465 | 1,805 526 8, 214 20, 642 11, 459
31------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 608,000 38,068 1,862 379 | 12, 126 21, 296 11, 413
Sept. 7------------------------------------------------- 616,433 37,282 | 1,471 518 11, 293 22, 160 9, 701
14------------------ 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 634, 57.1 40, 344 1,943 470 | 11, 580 22,689 8, 993
21----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 613, 604 38,074 1,796 433 || 11, 284 22,039 7, 742
28-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 610, 242 37, 949 | 1,695 297 9, 919 20,493 10, 596
Oct. 5------------------------------------------------- 573,758 43, 148 | 1,881 539 8, 818 23, 891. 11,048
12--------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 600,260 43, 149 | 1, 878 488 10,768 20,493 10, 128
19------------------------------------------------- 571, 621 39, 941 | 1,859 181 9, 531 20, 107 9, 977
26----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 592,766 42, 532 2,093 298 || 10,412 21, 581 12, 267
Nov. 2.------------------------------------------------ 558, 341 36, 352 | 1, 896 370 9, 224 19, 209 9, 143
9--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 558, 212 37, 810 2, 259 260 8, 634 20, 104 9,797
16------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 552,016 37,909 | 1,849 124 | 12, 162 20,674 8,045
23------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 520,873 37,605 710 207 || 11, 277 22,067 8, 849
30------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 521,982 38,044 | 1,071 147 9, 151 23, 295 7, 515
Dec. 7---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 543, 158 40, 508 671 262 9,739 22, 172 6, 178
14------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 552, 569 41, 325 835 259 8,871 20, 817 5, 664
21------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 570, 984 38, 711 875 405 7,686 20, 777 6, 756
28-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 441, 414 33, 289 841 241 7,019 13,675 6, 141
Total 1918----------------------------------------- 30, 405, 592 || 2, 122,659 94,479 22,645 552,451 | 1,234, 189 890, 264
Portion of week of Jan. 5, 1918, to be included in 1918 totals. 354, 219 39,930 | 1,439 219 7, 322 17, 139 16, 662
Portion of week of Jan. 4, 1919, to be included in 1918 totals. 148, 288 10, 350 461 110 2,694 6,045 4, 341
Week ended. §: FCentucky. | Tennessee. Miº. West Virginia. | Pennsylvania. Ohio.
Jan. 5 ---------------------------------------------------- 1,088 6, 186 16, 900 | 10, 679 46, 318 289, 715 3, 458
12-------------------------------------------------- 1, 323 7, 513 18, 383 | 12, 970 56, 256 349,477 2,992
19---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,239 7,035 7, 851 | 12, 147 52, 680 327, 265 2,806
26--------------------------------------------- - - - - - 1, 191 6, 764 7, 549 || 11,677 50,647 314, 627 2, 698
Feb. 2.----------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,027 6,433 6,964 11,045 49, 494 292,036 2, 471
9---------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 914 7, 365 7,429 || 12,497 60,001 316, 214 2,589
16----------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 991 7, 988 8,061 | 13, 556 65,086 348,011 2, 808
23---------------------------------------------- - - - - 1,015 8, 183 8, 257 | 13, 887 66, 674 351, 378 2,877
Mar 2. ----------------------------------------------- 1,042 8,609 8, 570 14,405 69,682 388, 564 3,011
9------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 881 7,718 7,422 || 12,463 61, 461 390, 061 2, 667
16--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 893 7,828 7, 529 | 12, 643 62,338 395, 640 2, 705
23------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 922 8,080 7, 771 || 13,048 64, 340 408, 346 2,792
30------ . . . . . . . . . . . . -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 900 7, 888 7, 587 | 12,739 62, 817 398,685 2,726

| To be omitted from 1918 totals.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
75
Production of beehive coke in the United States, by States—Continued.
Calendar Year 1918.
[Net tons.]
Week ended. #. | Kentucky. Tennessee. Mºo. West Virginia. | Pennsylvania. | Ohio.
Apr. 6-------------------------------------------------- 893 5,941 4,687 | 10, 629 41, 830 415, 040 2, 308
13-------------------------------------------------- 909 6, 219 5, 870 | 10,913 44, 785 413,499 2, 320
20-------------------------------------------------- 945 7, 959 5, 241 12, 221 51,845 412, 748 2,426
27-------------------------------------------------- 1, 188 8, 605 6, 177 | 11,419 54,963 467,297 2,432
May 4-------------------------------------------------- 2, 111 7, 733 5,076 10,374 48,866 420, 634 2, 359
11-------------------------------------------------- 877 6,985 5, 542 11, 185 50, 178 447, 471 2,431
18-------------------------------------------------- 986 8,006 5, 279 12, 345 47,605 456, 329 2,467
26-------------------------------------------------- 1,075 8,007 5, 705 || 12, 383 49, 382 437, 117 2, 514
June 1--------------------------------------------------- 1,697 6,906 5,972 | 11, 250 43,783 413, 380 2, 519
8-------------------------------------------------- 894 8,633 6,996 || 12, 125 51,239 466, 549 2,780
16-------------------------------------------------- 845 8, 250 G, 467 11, 972 55, 108 490, 605 2,762
22-------------------------------------------------- 545 7,980 5, 940 11, 240 45,071 458, 384 2, 632
29-------------------------------------------------- 558 7,273 5,084 || 12, 814 39, 534 464, 500 2, 530
July 6--------------------------------------------------- 1,037 6, 377 4, 836 8,947 39, 133 438,913 2,453
13------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 715 7,765 7, 571 || 10,570 54,730 492, 900 2,703
20-------------------------------------------------- 1,039 6, 895 6,973 || 10,836 47, 753 463,927 2,573
27-------------------------------------------------- 1,052 7, 363 6,405 9,777 49,086 450, 136 2,586
Aug. 3-------------------------------------------------- 813 6,624 4, 887 10,081 44, 887 458, 178 2, 556
10-------------------------------------------------- 867 6, 676 5, 886 10, 531 36,908 426, 724 2, 510
17-------------------------------------------------- 1,023 6, 816 5,408 9, 899 39, 642 427, 244 2, 531
24-------------------------------------------------- 804 6,654 7, 238 9,019 41, 234 444, 211 2, 531
31-------------------------------------------------- 599 6, 880 5, 764 10,021 41,422 455, 657. 2, 513
Sept. 7--------------------------------------------------- 860 6,036 6,054 11, 219 40, 680 466, 618 2, 541
14-------------------------------------------------- 751. 6,843 6,657 | 11,033 49, 608 471,060 2,600
21-------------------------------------------------- 476 6, 321 8,063 9, 623 42, 285 462, 940 2, 528
28-------------------------------------------------- 872 7,075 6, 415 || 10, 101 48, 198 454, 146 2,486
Oct. 5--------------------------------------------------. 543 7,028 7, 354 || 10, 589 44, 044 412, 282 2, 593
12-------------------------------------------------- 376 7,039 6,485 10, 354 43, 570 443,015 2, 517
19-------------------------------------------------- 1, 175 6, 196 5, 240 10, 270 39,859 424, 792 2,493
26-------------------------------------------------- 309 6,332 6,423 10, 576 39,657 437, 755 2, 531
Nov. 2.------------------------------------------------- 843 5,496 3, 651 | 10,028 34, 115 425, 507 2,507
- 9-------------------------------------------------- 984 5, 888 4, 301 9, 738 34,087 421, 841 2, 509
16---------------------------------------------------- 892 6, 112 5, 607 || 11,082 39, 333 405,646 2, 581
23-------------------------------------------------- 337 6,033 5, 966 | 10, 599 36,457 378,252 2, 514
30-------------------------------------------------- 89 6,047 5, 834 8, 341 40, 784 379,119 2, 545
Dec. 7----------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65 6, 554 5,410 9, 503 35, 556 404,040 2,500
14-------------------------------------------------- 64 6, 787 7, 362 9, 867 33,323 414, 892 2,503
21-------------------------------------------------- 565 5,913 5, 640 9,403 36, 755 435, 018 2,480
28-------------------------------------------------. 496 4, 974 3,861 9,686 21,926 336,786 2, 479
Total.------------------ ---------------------------- 44,813 || 365, 181 || 329,990 || 577,022 || 2,451,202 || 21, 585,776 134,921
Portion of week of Jan. 5, 1918, to be included in 1918 totals...| 1,088 4, 775 5, 681 8, 568 38, 553 210,065 2,778
Portion of week of Jan. 4, 1919, to beincluded in 1918 totals. . 218 1, 781 1,609 2,814 11,952 105, 255 658
Production of beehive coke in the Connellsville district, Pa., by
months, 1915–1918.
[Net tons.]
Month. 1915 1916 1917 1918
January. . . . . . . . . . 940, 781 | 1,793, 951 | 1,564, 173 | 1,021,055
February . . . . . . . . . 1,045,739 1,781, 068 || 1, 288, 763 991, 871
March........ . . . . . 1, 258, 559 || 2,038,812 | 1,618, 969 | 1,436, 821
April. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 268, 292 | 1,861, 290 1, 558, 247 | 1,459, 248
ay - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 310,639 1,937, 404 || 1,649, 989 | 1, 532, 634
June. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,486, 845 | 1,842, 521 | 1,563, 616 1,438, 700
July--- . . . . . . . . . . . 1,618, 199 || 1,748, 365 | 1, 539, 931 1, 578, 130
August.. . 1, 657, 203 | 1,806, 422 | 1, 554, 935 | 1,492,065
September. . . . . . . 1, 683, 414 | 1,771,405 | 1, 464, 200 | 1,423, 236
October.. ...] 1,851, 938 | 1,768,800 | 1, 509, 903 | 1,410,403
November. . . . . . . . 1,873, 405 | 1,719, 715 1, 350, 374 1, 136, 355
December. . . . . . . . 1, 926, 202 | 1, 584,749 | 1, 221, 257 | 1, 160,072
Total. . . . . . . 17,921, 216 |21, 654, 502 |17,884, 357 |16,080, 590
PRODUCTION OF BY-PRODUCT COIKE IN THE FIRST QUARTERS 1918
AND 1919.
The production of by-product coke in January,
Rebruary, and March, 1919, was 6,779,482 net tons,
an increase compared with the same period of 1918 of
1,579,966 tons, or 30 per cent.
In the same periods
the production of beehive coke decreased 17 per cent,
the net result being an increase in total coke output
of 392,471 tons, or 3.2 per cent.
April 1, 1918, to April 1, 1919, many new by-product
ovens were completed, the increase in capacity having

been 26 per cent.
In the year from
Production of by-product coke
began in Colorado in July, 1918, and in Rhode Island
in February, 1919.
New Ovens were completed in
Maryland and New York, beginning in March, 1918;
in Ohio the plant of the American Steel and Wire Co.
began operation in May, 1918; the National Tube Co.,
at Lorain, and the Ironton plant of the Solvay Co.
began to produce in August, 1918; increases in capacity
were made during the year at the Portsmouth plant.
of the Solvay Co. at Portsmouth, of the Toledo
Furnace Co. at Toledo, and of the Youngstown Sheet
The plant of
the Hamilton-Otto Coke Co. suspended operations
about February 1, 1919.
and Tube Co. at Youngstown, Ohio.
76
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
In Pennsylvania the Clairton plant of the Carnegie
Steel Co. began operation in June, 1918, and the Steel-
ton plant of the Bethlehem Steel Co. was enlarged.
The plant at Chattanooga, Tenn., was enlarged, like-
wise the Follansbee, W. Va., plant of the La Belle
Iron Works and the Benwood, W. Va., plant of the
Solvay Co. Plants at Milwaukee and Mayville, Wis.,
were enlarged, and the number of ovens at the Ensley,
Ala., plant of the Solvay Co. was increased. Addi-
*
Operating conditions in the by-product industry, January, February, and March, 1918, 1919.
tions were also made at the plants of the Solvay Co.,
at South Chicago, the Gary, Ind., plant, the Indiana
Harbor plant of the Inland Steel Co., and the Ashland,
Ry., plant of the Solvay Co.
It is significant of changed conditions that the per-
centage of capacity attained in production was about
the same in the first quarter of 1918 and 1919, but
that the losses in 1918 were due to lack of coal and
in 1919 to lack of market or demand for the coke.

Per cent of maximum capacity lost on account of
Quarter | By-product Maximum ...: º
State. * |ºjº ºne ºf . Labor | Repairs | No |All other
* * * * * e & duced. |aligatºes. No coal. trouble. | topiani. market. || causes.
Alabama------------------------------ 1918 662, 875 768, 180 86, 3 13. 7 5, 2 l- - - - - - - - 1, 7 l- - - - - - - - 6.8
1919. 567, 347 778,997 72.8 27.2 5 - - - - - - - - 14.8 11. 5 . 4
Illinois. ----------------------------- 1918 470, 125 643, 586 73. 0 27. 0 23. 7 - - - - - - - - .9 |-------- 2.4
1919 510, 272 636, 667 80. 1 19.9 |--------|-------- . 1 18. 2 1. 6
Indiana-------------------------, - - - - - 1918 694, 808 1, 151, 324 60. 3 39.7 36.8 |- - - - - - - - 1. 3 |-------. 1. 6
- - 1919 1,031, 610 | 1, 180, 304 87.4 12.6 |--------|-------- J. 2 6.9 4. 5
Kentucky. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1918 135,422 141, 318 95. 8 4. 2 --------|-------- 1.2 -------- 3.0
1919 98,065 143,010 68. 6 31, 4 |--------|--------|-------. 31.4 |- - - - - - -
Maryland. --------------------------- 1918 101, 739 127, 283. 79. 9 20. 1 18. 4 - - - - - - - - 1, 6 - - - - - - - - . 1
1919 115, 163 196,032 58. 7 41. 3 |--------|--------|-------- 41. 3 |- - - - - - -
Massachusetts. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1918 127, 872 152, 880 83. 6 16.4 16.4 |--------|--------|--------|-------
- 1919 61, 697 152,880 40. 4.) 59.6 | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 |- - - - - - -
Minnesota- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I918 149,339 157, 597 94. 8 b. ? ---------------. . 4 ... 8 4. 0
- 1919 188, 702 224,450 84. 1 16.9 |--------|--------|-------- 13. 3 2. 6
New Jersey- - - - ---------------------. 1918 142,861 207, 673 68. 8 31. 2 29. 0 |- - - - - - - - 2. l I-------- ..l
1919 •l98, 347 203,487 97. 5 2. 5 --------|--------|--------|-------- 2. 5
New York---------------------------- 1918 237,257 313, 122 75. 8 24. 2 18.5 |... -- - - - 1.5 l-------- 4. 2
1919 249, 401 318, 342 78. 3 21, 7 --------|-------- 11. 7 -------- 10. 0
Ohio. -------------------------------- 1918 936,634 1, 126,067 83. 2 16. S 11. 5 0. 5 2, 6 -------. 2. 2
- 1919 1, 598, 300 1, 897, 793 84. 2 15.8 |--------|-------- ... 8 9.6 5. 4
Pennsylvania- - - - -------------------- 1918 915, 661 | 1, 204, 200 76. 0 24. 0 13. 8 . 1 9. 1 |-------. 1. 0
- 1919 1, 293,073 | 1,804,025 7I. 7 28. 3 1. 3 ||-------- 4. 0 22.9 1
Tennessee- - - - - ---------------------- 1918 22,967 25,793 89.0 11.0 --------|-------- 7.4 |-------- 3. 6
1919 30, 182 45,730 66. 0 34.0 --------|--------|-------- 34.0 |. . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . ------------------ 1918 7, 312 7, 758 94 3 b. 7 --------|--------|--------|-------- 5. 7
1919 7, 280 7,657 95. 1 4.9 |--------|--------|--------|-------- 4. 9
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1918 149, 312 166,407 89.7 10.3 |--------|-------- 1 -------- 10, 2
1919 150,485 166, 166 90. 6 9. 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. 1 |-------- 2. 3
Colorado,” Michigan, Missouri, Rhode
Island," and Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1918 567,415 600,063 94. 6 5.4 1. 3 |- - - - - - - - 2 7 -------- 1.4
1919 679, 558 820, 949 82.8 17.2 |--------|-- . . . . . . 7. 1 7. 3 2, 8
Total.-------------------------- 1918 5,321, 599 || 6, 793,251 78. 3 21. 7 16. 0 . 1 3.0 l. . . . . . . . 2. 6
1919 6, 779,482 | 8, 576,489 79. 0 21. 0 3 - - - - - - - - 3. 8 14. 4 2. 5

1 No coke output in first quarter of 1918.
FACTORS LIMITING THE PRODUCTION OF COEE IN 1917 AND 1918.
Transportation was the most important factor
limiting the production of coke in 1917 and 1918.
Lack of cars in which to load the products of the
beehive ovens for transportation to the iron furnaces
and lack of cars at the coal mines to carry the coal to
the by-product ovens affected the production of coke
from both these sources. Interference with the out-
put of by-product coke from lack of coal was most
serious in the winter of 1917–18. In this period
the operation of by-product ovens was as low as 70
per cent of capacity, largely through lack of coal. In
March and April, 1918, conditions improved and there-
after, except for a short period around the latter part
of August the lack of coal did not seriously interfere
with the operation of the by-product ovens. The
capacity of by-product ovens, their output in 1918,
and their operating conditions are shown graphically
in figures 48 to 59 (pp. 77–82).
The situation with respect to beehive coke differed
in Some respects from by-product coke, but the imme-
diate, pressing, difficulty in 1917 and the early part
of 1918 in increasing the output of beehive coke was
lack of transportation. By the end of May, 1918, car
shortage became a minor factor in the situation and
shortage of labor became the predominant cause
limiting output. This is illustrated in figure 60,
which shows for the Connellsville region of Pennsyl-
vania—the largest beehive coke producing district in
the world—the percentage of rated capacity attained
in output and the percentages of capacity lost by
causes in 1918.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
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DISTRIBTUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
83
|OO
In addition to its direct effect in curtailing the
production of coke the irregular and insufficient car
supply caused many coke oven laborers to seek other
work offering more regular employment, and often
more attractive wages.
The following extracts from current reports on the
beehive coke situation in the early part of 1918, by
the director of the bureau of coke, are reproduced
because they show with particular emphasis the
extreme nature of the situation.
“The movement of coal to by-product coke ovens has also been
very greatly reduced by bad weather conditions and by the con-
fiscation of coal in some cases for locomotive fuel.”
(January 25, 1918.)
“The railroad situation in the Connellsville coke region shows
practically no improvement. On the Red Stone branch of the
Monongahela division there are said to be 1,000 cars awaiting
movement. A number of empties are reported to have been
brought to this branch this morning, but when congested conditions
were noticed, all of these cars were taken away and no cars were
placed at the coke ovens for loading,
90 —
re-
©O –
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i
5 (2 (9 26 2 9 16 25 2 9 16 25 5 O Go |3 20 27 4 || 16 25 || 8 |5 22: 29 6 13 20 27 5 Io 17 24 31
7 |4- 21 28 5 |2 (9 2G 2 9 |& 25 SO 7 i4- 21 28 4 || || |8 25 A
Jºaº ree-vat, razer april N1AY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEN1BER OCTOBER NOVEN-1BER DECENTEER JANUARY
• 1919
/?roduced |: -account of ask accouny of Nº.:7; of É4-axf-account of osé accoon.
car shortage *::::::::ge zzzzze o'ca//€y Bºozzarke. a/o//ree- ź.
dº/7C/ JºAT/A&e S
Fig. 60–Diagram of percentage of output to rated capacity, and percentages of losses, by causes, in the Connellsville coke regions, Pennsylvania, by weeks, January, 1918, to February 1, 1919.
ABSTRACTS FROM CURRENT REPORTS OF W. S. BLAUVELT, DIRECTOR
- OIF THE Blu REAU OF CORE.
(December 17, 1917.)
“Conditions in the coke trade during the past week have been
far worse than at any previous time. Car supply has been running
30 per cent or less at many important operations. Judging from
the reports reaching us there has been almost no movement of
“A telephone message from our district representative advises
us that there are 3,600 loaded cars of coal and coke in the entire
district, that there is a good supply of coal cars, but only about
30 per cent of the coke cars needed, and that there are practically
no cars for coke for movement to eastern points. The Royal Works,
which should have at least 25 cars daily now, and which could
be developed to produce 30 cars daily if a uniform car supply could
be assured, has had empty coke cars placed as follows:
coke over the Morgantown & Ringwood Railroad in the Fairmont
A 95 & $
district. Conditions at the ovens in the Connellsville district are Jan. º ** = * * * * * * * * * * *... * Jan. º: * * * * * * * * = - e. º
far worse than any time previously; yards are full of coke awaiting l 6. * * * * * * * No cars. 3. º 23 cars
transportation, and labor difficulties are increasing owing to the 17------------21 cars. 24. No cars
fact that the men are working on such short time. Blast furnaces 18------------ No cars. 25........... NO cars.
throughout the country are being compelled to bank in great num- 19. . . . . . . . 25 cars 26.None ex ted
bers and many foundries have had their operation curtailed or gº-º-º: t * \} = - - - - - - - - - - - ~~~~ pected.
have been temporarily closed down. Total . . . . . . . . . 71, average 12. Total.... . . . . .50, average S.

































































































84 - REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
The output of this establishment is especially needed because the
Coke is exceptionally low in phosphorus and is needed by a number
of furnaces producing specially low phosphorous iron, the available
Supply of which has been greatly reduced during the past two
º by the inability of the furnaces to secure the necessary
COke. -
“There is a general feeling that there is a lamentable lack of
energy and efficiency shown by the railroad employees in their
efforts to relieve the situation. Nothing that can be done by the
Fuel Administration will increase the production of coke in the
Connellsville district unless there is an improvement in transpor-
tation conditions.”
• (March 19, 1918.)
“In the Connellsville district, production is very seriously
hampered by lack of transportation facilities. The car supply is
not only utterly inadequate but it is also very irregular. The car
placement at operations varies from a maximum of 75 per cent of
the rating which occasionally occurs on Monday down to no cars
at all, which is a not infrequent occurrence. The production of the
entire district has now reached about 60 per cent of the maximum.
With a regular car supply equal to from 75 to 80 per cent of the rat-
ing of the operations, all contracts would be filled and there would
be some free coke produced in the Connellsville district. Irregu-
larity of operation results in demoralization of the working force,
a very great waste of coal, and a very great increase in the actual
cost of production.
“The eastbound movement of coke has been most seriously
curtailed. This has resulted in compelling a great many eastern
furnaces to bank or to go out altogether. Following instructions
from the Director of Steel Supply, a few concerns whose output is
used in the manufacture of ship plates, have been put on a favored list
to receive sufficient coke to maintain full operation. This in turn
has naturally reduced shipments to all other eastern furnaces and
on some days has cut off such shipments altogether. This naturally
has produced very grave dissatisfaction among those furnace opera-
tors whose coke supply has been thus curtailed. A
“The car supply on the Baltimore & Ohio and the Morgantown
& Kingwood has also been utterly inadequate and very irregular,
with the results of deterioration in quality of coke and a marked
increase in its cost, as well as a decrease in the quantity produced.
One operator in this district, with plant capable of producing
24,000 tons monthly, has been able to ship only about 7,000 tons.
“So far as we know, operations in the New River district on the
Chesapeake & Ohio have been fairly well supplied with cars.
“In the Pocahontas district, the Norfolk & Western has not only
failed to supply sufficient cars, but the car placements have been
extremely irregular with the inevitable adverse effect upon pro-
duction, quality, and cost of product.
“In Wise County, Va., coke production has been seriously ham-
pered by lack of power and inability to Secure necessary machinery
and supplies.
“An increased production of coke in the New River district
would supply coke to furnaces on the Chesapeake & Ohio Rail-
road east of this district, thus reducing the railroad movement of
coke and making it possible to maintain full operation of furnaces,
in that territory.
“Pocahontas coke is needed for certain furnaces in the Ohio
River Valley and to supply certain gas companies and various in-
dustries in Virginia. The increased price allowed in the Poca-
hontas district will stimulate the operators to do their best. Un-
expectedly, the car supply in this district is much below normal.
Ordinarily there is a surplus of box cars and stock cars from the
first of March to the middle of July. This year these cars have
been generally taken out of the district and our efforts to increase
production have not resulted as we had hoped. -
“So far as we can see it will be necessary to get an increased
tonnage from the Wise County district in order to supply the Air
Nitrates Plant at Sheffield, Ala., and to maintain full operation of
certain blast furnaces which can be most readily supplied from this
field. Plans are under way which will, we hope, result in increased
production of not less than 10,000 tons per month.
“The general review of the situation is that, with the exception
of the Southern district, production would very quickly over-
take demand at the Government price, if all operations could be
assured a regular and sufficient car supply.
“The serious coke problem of the country will be solved when
the railroads are able to deliver the regular tonnage of coal to by-
product ovens and to move the coke from all ovens regularly as it
is produced.” $
(April 19, 1918.)
“The statistical summary of the coke trade, as shown in the Con-
nellsville Courier, reports the following coke shipments from the
Connellsville region:

Shipments. Cars. Tons
Week ending Mar. 30:
To Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------ 3, 293 119,249
To points west of Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 823 177, 825
To points east of the region.... . . . . . . . . . . 1, 597. 57,914
Total.............. -----------------. 9, 713 || 354, 988
Week ending Apr. 6: - -
To Pittsburgh. ------------------------| 3,288 117, 735
To points west of Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 809 139,261
To points east of the region.----. . . . . . . . . 1,438 50,902
Total.------------------------------- 8, 535 | 307, 898
Week ending Apr. 13: -
To Pittsburgh. ------------------------ 2,996 108, 105
To points west of Pittsburgh. - - - - - - - - - - - 4,035 147,661
To points east of the region.............. 1, 467 50, 310
Total.------------------------------. 8, 498 || 306,076
“In the last week of March the total number of cars moved was
highest and the number of cars moved east was the largest during
the three weeks. Also the number of cars going east was greater
last week than during the previous week, but the tonnage declined,
which showed that a lesser number of the large cars moved east.
“These statistics do not cover the movement from the Greensburg,
Latrobe, and Gillitzin districts, where, we suppose, the Pennsyl-
vania Railroad showed Some improvement.
“The Baltimore & Ohio and the Morgantown & Kingwood Rail-
roads have shown a very marked improvement. The furnace sup-
plied from operations on the Pennsylvania Railroad with the Phila-
delphia & Reading and Jersey Central, deliveries have not shown
the improvement we had hoped for. The embargo placed on move-
ment of H 21 and H 22 cars to points off the Pennsylvania lines has
hurt such furnaces. E. & C. Brooke, Birdsboro, Pa., telephone in
this morning that they were running short of coke on this account.
One of the most serious difficulties confronting coke-oven operators
is the great irregularity in car supply. The Connellsville Courier
reports,
“Last week's brave start of 100 per cent car supply failed to sus-
tain its strength, the last half of the week showing such a dwindling
that the average of preceding weeks, but it did not materially better
than the average of preceding weeks, but it did not have its reflex
in increasing shipments due to two causes. . There was irregularity
in placing cars, Some plants being without them one day, one plant
without them three days, another for two days, and So on.
“The experience of the week has merely reminded shippers that
so long as there continued a wide fluctuation in car Supply from
maximum to minimum on succeeding days, it will not be possible
to make very great permanent progress in the matter of increasing
the weekly average of shipments. It is difficult to adapt labor Sup-
ply to a car º of 100 per cent on one day and 30 or 40 per cent
on the day following. The former calls for the full man power of
the plant, which few have at this time, while the latter deprives a
certain number of men of a chance to work. The result is unsatis-
factory operation and dissatisfaction among the workers.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. w 85
“Present conditions materially increase the cost of manufacture,
involving a serious waste of labor at the ovens, and tend to demor-
alize the trade.
“On the Southwestern branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad car
supply from the 9th and 16th was quite good and fairly regular, the
total operation being from 503 cars, or 71 per cent of requirements,
up to 684 cars, or approximately 96 per cent of requirements. On
the Monongahela branch the placement was very much more irreg-
ular, the minimum being 122 cars placed on the 13th, or 33 per cent
of requirements, while the maximum placement was 256 cars, or
75 per cent of requirements.”
Early in December, 1917, exchanges in tonnages of
coke were made between the McKinney Steel Co. and
the United States Steel Corporation which reduced the
coke movement between the Connellsville district and
Cleveland by about 25 carloads daily. To further
conserve car movement in the transportation of coke,
meetings were held under the auspices of the Fuel
Administration during the first week of January, 1918,
and a committee representing the Connellsville coke
industry was appointed to cooperate with the Fuel
Administration in effecting such improvement of con-
ditions as was possible. Three members of the com-
mittee were designated by the Fuel Administrator
as district representatives, and in that capacity they
cooperated with the Fuel Administration in stimulating
production, regulating distribution, and eliminating
unnecessary freight movement. The following in-
structions, sent to them at the time of their appoint-
ment, indicate to some extent the duties of these dis-
trict representatives.
“You are requested to establish the organization necessary to en-
able you to conduct the following activities:
1. Upon receipt of requests from the Fuel Administration for the
shipment of coke to specified consignees you are to allot the tonnages
required to the individual producers as equitably as possible, with
a view to securing prompt compliance with the orders issued, without
undue hardship to individual operators, and in such a manner as to
reduce the amount of transportation necessitated as far as possible.
2. You are to report to the United States Fuel Administration in
detail the actions taken in response to requests for coke, stating the
names of producers concerned, the locations of their plants and the
tonnage allotted.
3. You are to work out plans for making coke deliveries in such a
Way as to reduce cross hauls to a minimum, and to make recom-
mendations to the Fuel Administration for issuing orders which
may be needed to put such plans into effect.
5. You are to make weekly reports to the Fuel Adminstrator of
general conditions in your district. -
6. You are to comply with instructions issued by the United
States Fuel Administrator and you are to recommend to him from
time to time such actions or such charges in practice as would, in
your opinion, result in more efficient administration.
Your appointments are to be continued at the pleasure of the
United States Fuel Administrator and may be terminated by him
at any time, as the exigencies of the case may require, or as his
judgement may deem proper.”
As a measure further tending to reduce the total
volume of rail traffic, efforts were made to facilitate the
shipments of gas coal to municipal gas companies, and
to safeguard such shipments from diversion or con-
fiscation for other purposes, for, to quote from a
memorandum issued by representatives of the gas
industry, “one ton of gas coal delivered to a gas plant
reduced the local demand for anthracite by a consider-
ably greater quantity.” Coke consigned to by-product
coke ovens is in much the same category as gas coal
as far as the efficiency of its utilization is concerned,
and, in addition, the explosive bases obtained from the
by-products of such plants were in great demand.
To meet the emergency early in 1918 resort was had
to preferential car supply and transportation as a
means of insuring the supply of coke for certain es-
sential consumers. In the following letter (Mar. 30,
1918) the matter is fully set forth. º
Mr. E. CHAMBERs, Director of Traffic,
United States Railroad Administration, Washington, D. C.
DEAR SIR: In accordance with your request we have prepared a
list of the furnaces which are to receive regularly definite tonnages
of coke regardless of the effect upon other furnaces. This favored
list has been made up under instructions by Mr. J. Leonard
Replogle, director of steel supply.
We are fully convinced that the delivery of this coke through
assigned cars and specially favored movement would cause more
damage than benefit to the entire scheduled war production. In
general, we believe that interference with the regular movement
of coke from producers to consumers, except in rare instances where
an investigation shows that coke is being used for purposes notessen-
tial for the prosecution of the war, would result in serious demoral-
ization of the coke business and of the iron and steel industry.
In this position we are confirmed by Judge Gary, chairman of the
committee on steel and steel products, and numerous representa-
tives of the iron and steel industry. -
The list of furnaces which have been put on the favored list, with
a statement of the monthly tonnages of coke which they are to
receive and the shippers by whom such coke is to be supplied, is
as follows:
Furnaces. Tons Shippers.
Northern Iron Co.: Port | 12,000 || W. J. Rainey, Royal Works.
Henry and Standish,
N. Y.
Eastern Steel Co.: Potts- || 10,000 Do.
town, Pa. (No. 2 Fur- 4,000 | Puritan Coke Co.
nace). 4,000 J. H. Hoover.
Robesonia Iron Co.: Robe- || 5,500 J. H. Hillman & Sons Co.
Sonia, Pa. (Griffin No. 1). t
1,500 | Producers Coke Co.
2, 500 | Hastings Coal & Coke Co.
(Kinport).
E. & G. Brooke Iron Co.: 2, 500 || W. J. Rainey.
Birdsboro, Pa. 4,000 || Jamison Coal & Coke Co.
2,000 || Pioneer Coal & Coke Co.
500 J. H. Hillman & Sons Co.
Alan Wood Iron & Steel 25,000 || W. J. Rainey.
Co.: Swedeland, Pa. -
Midvale Steel & Ordnance 3,000 | Reilly, Peabody Coke Co.
Co.: Coatesville, Pa. 1,000 | Consolidated Coke Co.
500 | W. J. Parshall.
1,500 | Washington Coal & Coke Co.
1,000 || J. H. Hillman & Sons Co.
500 | Hustead - Semans Coal &
Coke Co.
750 Snowdon Coke Co.
750 | Mount Pleasant Coke Co.
2,500 | Producers Coke Co.
500 | Union-Connellsville Coke Co.
500 | Reliance Coke Co.
500 | Orient Coke Co.
500 || W. Harry Brown.
500 || Atlas Coke Co.
750 | Lincoln Coal & Coke Co.
250 | South Fayette Coke Co.
250 Bºsconnelivine Coke
O.
86
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Furnaces. Tons. Shippers.
Midvale Steel & Ordnance
Co.: Coatesville, Pa.
500
500
500
750
750
750
250
125
Taylor Coal & Coke Co.
Hecla Coal & Coke Co.
W. A. Stone & Co.
Jamison Coal & Coke Co.
cºlºnie Central Coke
'O.
Ta Belle Coke Co.
Whyel Coke Co. .
Gºmeconnairie
iO.
Champion-Connellsville Coke
Co
Unity-Connellsville Coke Co.
Reilly Peabody Fuel Co.
Keystone Coal & Coke Co.
Latrobe Connellsville Coke
Coke
125
250
O.
Westmoreland Connellsville
Coke Co.
Oliver & Snyder Steel Co.
1, 750
Etna Connellsville Coke Co.
500
There is, of course, no pretense that this short list begins to cover
the number of furnaces which are engaged upon essential war work;
such a list would include practically all of the blast furnaces in the
United States; but Mr. Replogle has expressed the opinion that
these are the only ones which are at the present time engaged on
work the importance of which so greatly exceeds the importance of
other furnaces that the Government is warranted in reducing the
movement of coke to other furnaces in order to keep them fully
supplied.
You will note that there are no foundries included in this list.
We have not received from the War Industries Board any list of
foundries, the importance of whose operation so greatly exceeds the
importance of the operation of other foundries as to warrant their
being supplied at the expense of other establishments. There is
not in the Fuel Administration any means of coilecting the infor-
mation which would be necessary to warrant any such discrimina-
tion. We are, however, ready and willing to cut off supplies of
coke from establishments which may be designated by the War
Industries Board, and send the coke thus obtained to the industries
which they may place upon a favored list. '
There are probably not less than 7,000 establishments at the
present time engaged on important war work for the prosecution of
which regular supplies of coke are necessary. All of these indus-
tries can be kept supplied if there is an improvement not exceed-
ing 10 per cent in the movement of coal to by-product ovens, and
a regular car supply equal to 75 per cent of the ratings of the opera-
tions is assured six days in the week to beehive oven plants.
The furnace and foundry situation at all points west of Pitts-
burgh is reasonably well taken care of at the present time, the
improvement having been very marked in the last month. The
acute situation is confined to eastern Pennsylvania and New Jer-
sey. Among the establishments in this section of country which
are still very short of coke are as follows:
Seaboard Steel & Manganese Corporation (W. R. Hopkins),
Temple, Pa.; Empire Steel & Iron Co., Catasauqua, Pa.; Thomas
Iron Co., Hokendauqua, Pa.; Bethlehem Steel Co. (merchant fur-
naces), Lebanon, Pa.; Wharton Steel Co., Wharton, N. J.; Mus-
conetcong Iron Co., Stanhope, N. J.; New Jersey Zinc Co., Hazard
and Palmerton, Pa. -
A uniform daily car supply at the ovens, with freedom of move-
ment to the places where the coke is needed, is the one cure for the
entire situation. The coke producers still have sufficient labor to
insure between 75 and 80 per cent of the oven capacities, and a
regular car Supply with prompt movement to the furnaces and
foundries would insure full operation.
Very truly yours,
UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION.
•
A further arrangement was reached with repre-
sentatives of the War Industries Board on April 6,
1918, whereby the supply of empty coke cars availa-
able for eastbound movement from the Connellsville
district was increased by an average of 100 cars per
day. As yet another step to relieve traffic conditions
and to conserve the coke supply available for essential
industries the movement of coke through the con-
gested New England rail gateways was embargoed on
May 12, 1918, at the request of the Fuel Administra-
tion, the effect of this action being both to insure a
maximum operation of the Everett, Mass., by-pro-
duct coke plant, and to eliminate a highly undesirable
crosshaul of coke through the New England gateways,
whose capacity was already overtaxed Prices of coke
produced in the East and consigned to consumers in the
Pacific coast region were (Apr. 1, 1918), raised slightly
above the normal level, in order to restrain the move-
ment west and induce the use of the local products.
Information on which to base effective control of
the distribution of coke was had by a system of daily
reports from producers showing the carloads of coke
shipped to individual blast-furnace operators, to
foundries, and to miscellaneous consumers by classes.
These returns were tabulated both by consignor and by
consignee, and checked against weekly reports sub-
mitted by furnace operators, giving their consumption
and stocks of coke, the number of cars en route, and
requirements for the ensuing week. The weekly
reports of blast-furnace operations, in so far as con-
cerned the supply of coke, have been tabulated and are
shown graphically in figures 61–63 and in tables in
Part III. As the year progressed the supply of coke
for blast furnaces was steadily increased and when
the armistice was declared and demand fell off nearly
all furnaces were well supplied.
Uncertainty as to the interpretation to be placed
by the Treasury Department on the provisions of the
war revenue act was also a factor restricting the
production of beehive coke, for under an unfavorable
interpretation of the act no discrimination might be
made between excess profits and such other profits as
were devoted to the amortization of expendituresforim-
provements which had only a small salvage value upon
the return of peace, but this fear was removed by aruling
issued in 1918 permitting the amortization of improve-
ments for war purposes out of current profits.
To some extent the production of coke was further
limited in 1917 by the high price paid for spot coal
which rendered it more profitable for certain opera-
tors, notably in the Connellsville region, to ship coal
as such, rather than to convert it to coke and depend
upon the much less certain supply of coke cars availa-
ble for the transportation of their product to points
of consumption. This difficulty was overcome through
the combined action of maximum prices set for both
coal and coke.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. 87
NET Tons
24 O,OOO
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*-* * * * * --—--—i------T-—---|.. –- - - - - - * * *-*T*
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*** **k-. •e esſee - ** ** = Ie e ame e e * & * jº
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17 24, 3| 7 14- £I 25 5 12 JS £6 2 3 l6 25 35C)
AUGUST SEPTEN-1BE 2. OC TO BER, NOVEN13ER.
FIG.61.-Diagram of consumption and stocks of coke at iron furnaces in the United States, by districts and by weeks, August, 1917, to November 30, 1918.
/yerZ 7ary 5 - -
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sº * - *::::se: *_2: |-Sº *: É5-4 … & -
=====-|->|==::=::==º-º-º-Tº-º-º: * - :-r=ºe-m-s-s-s- es
O —y l I l
| 24. J| J7 J%. 2| 28. § $2. | 9 26 2 S }{ S Sb
Aug. Sep. Oct Now,
FIG. 62.—Diagram of consumption and stocks of coke at iron furnaces in the United States, by districts and by Weeks, August, 1917, to November 30, 1918.

88
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
PRICES.
The first announcement of the Government's policy
with regard to maximum sales prices for coke was
contained in an order issued by the President, which
established a base price of $6 per net ton of coke f. o. b.
Connellsville, effective September 24, 1917. This
order was issued at the instance of the War Industries
This schedule of prices was accompanied by no
rules for interpreting the Connellsville base price for
coke into prices for other districts or for other grades
of coke than that used by furnaces, and it became the
duty of the Fuel Administration to develop a com-
plete set of differential prices which would take into
consideration the conditions prevailing in different
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Auouet SEPTEMPER octoet R. Novemerk.

FIG. 63.—Diagram of consumption and stocks of coke at iron furnaces in the United States, by districts and by weeks, August, 1917, to November 30, 1918.
Board in order to safeguard their schedule of iron and
steel prices, which follow:
The President has approved an agreement between the War
Industries Board and the steel men, fixing the following prices,
which become effective immediately, and are subject to revision
January 1, 1918, viz:
Price Reduction.
- - Recent;
e Basis. d -
Commodity àSIS º: P* | Amount. di.
Iron ore- - - - - - Lower lake pºrº. ------|| $5.05 || $5.05 |- - - - - - - - - - - -
Coke- - - - - - - - Connellsville. . . . . . . . . . 26.00 |216.00 |$10.00 62.5
Pig iron------|---------------------- 133.00 || 58.00 25.00 43.1
Pittsburgh....... . . . . . 82.90 || 35. 50 2.60 || 47.3
• * * * * do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 | 6.00 3.00 || 50.0
Shapes.------ Chicago.-------------|-------|-------|-------|-----
Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . . . 33. 25 |3.11.00 7.75 70.5
I’lates. . . . . . . . Chicago..... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
regions and would equalize conditions throughout the
whole industry.
In establishing this differential scale the authorities
of the Fuel Administration developed their price 1
policy upon the assumption that under favorable
transportation conditions the price to be set should
stimulate production to a point where competition
would automatically reduce the scale of prices. The
prices set were considered to be high enough to allow
a gross margin of profit sufficient to stimulate produc-
tion without permitting an excessive profit. In
general, the margin permitted amounted to from 10
to 15 per cent of the established price.

1 Gross tons. 2 Net tons. 8 Hundredweight.
1 The price policy and the prices of coke were under the supervision of Mr. Warren
S. Blauvelt, Director of the Coke Bureau, and not as for coal, with the committee of
engineers. J.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. - 89
It was also assumed by the Fuel Administration
that the price set by the President was intended to be
the price to be paid by the consumer. This inter-
pretation was strenuously objected to by jobbers of
coke who persistently sought permission to sell coke
to consumers at a figure greater than the established
price. These requests were refused because under the
conditions existing no increase in the production of
coke could be expected to result from the increased
price to the consumer, nor would such sales facilitate
the movement of coke to the important industries,
but would tend strongly to direct the movement of
coke to establishments willing to pay the advanced
price, regardless of the relative importance of these
establishments. However, nothing was done to
prevent producers from selling through jobbers or
sales agents so long as the ultimate price to the con-
sumer did not exceed the established maximum.
|Under normal conditions the sales price of coke
made in by-product Ovens is calculated on the basis
of prices prevailing in the Connellsville district, plus
freight charges to the point of consumption minus
freight charges from the by-product coke plant to
the consumer. In fixing the maximum prices for by-
product coke an effort was made to establish them in
accordance with this method.
It was recognized that under favorable transporta-
tion conditions this would result in abnormal profits
to the oven operators; but under the condition existing
at the time of issue of the orders of November 24,
1917, and February 28, 1918, and March 29, 1918, it
was estimated that the profits resulting would not
be abnormally great. However, upon the decrease
of general costs incident to the general improvement
of conditions affecting the operation of by-product
coke ovens it was deemed wise to reduce the legal
maximum prices of by-product coke, which was done
by a proclamation entitled, an “Order of the United
States Fuel Administrator of August 31, 1918.”
In framing the orders establishing legal maximum
prices it was considered advisable to establish price
differentials between furnace, foundry, and crushed
coke, in order that the greater cost of production of the
two last named grades might be given due considera-
tion. It was also believed that the fixing of a higher
maximum price for foundry coke than for furnace
coke would make it far easier for the Small, though
highly essential consumers of coke, to obtain their
supplies of fuel by giving them the advantage of a
higher price in competing with the blast furnace
operators. Special orders were also issued to restrict
the sales price of gas-house coke.
Three of the most important orders of the United
States Fuel Administrator, giving formal expression
to these policies, are quoted below:
Order of the United States Fuel Administrator of November 9,
1917, effective 7 a.m., November 10, 1917, fixing prices of beehive
coke at the ovens and establishing a regulation relative to the
permissible charge for wagon deliveries.
WASHINGTON, D. C., November 9, 1917.
It appearing to the United States Fuel Administrator that various
regulations should be put in force at once for the better regulation
of the distribution of coke and of the prices at which the same
may be sold. -
The United States Fuel Administrator, acting under authority
of an Executive order of the President of the United States, dated
23 August, 1917, appointing said administrator, and in furtherance
of the purpose of said order and of the act of Congress therein referred
to and approved August 10, 1917.
Hereby orders and directs that the price of coke shall be under-
stood as the price per ton of 2,000 pounds f. o. b. cars at the plant
where the coke is manufactured.
All the maximum prices mentioned herein shall apply to car lots
Sold to consumers or to dealers for wagon delivery; any commissions
paid to selling agencies, or margins allowed to jobbers, shall be
paid by the vendors, and shall not be added to the prices estab-
lished hereby.
In all cases where wagon deliveries are made, either by the coke
producer or by dealers, a reasonable charge for such handling and
delivery may be made; such charge shall be subject to approval
of the State Fuel Administrator.
Beehive coke.—The maximum prices for coke made in ovens,
without by-product recovery, east of the Mississippi River, shall
be as follows:
Blast-furnace coke-------------------------.. $6.00
Foundry coke, 72 hour-selected.-----. . . . . . . . . . 7. 00
Crushed coke, over 1-inch size......... . . . . . . . . 7.30
The maximum prices for various grades of beehive coke made in
districts other than that described heretofore shall bear the same
ratio to the established price of the coal from which the coke is
made as the average contract prices of the same grades of coke has
to the average contract prices of coal during the years 1912 and 1913.
This order to become effective 7 a.m., November 10, 1917, and
to remain in effect until January 1, 1918, or until superseded by
further order.
Ulrtner OrCler H. A. GARFIELD,
United States Fuel Administrator.
Order of the United States Fuel Administrator of November 17,
1917, effective 7 a.m., November 19, 1917, fixing prices of by-prod-
uct coke, produced outside of New England, and gas coke, and
establishing a regulation relative to the permissible charge for
wagon deliveries.
g - WASHINGTON, D. C., November, 17, 1917.
It appearing to the United States Fuel Administrator that va-
rious regulations should be put inforce at once for the better control
of the distribution of by-product coke and of gas coke, and of the
prices at which the same may be sold, the United States Fuel Ad-
ministrator, acting under authority of an Executive Order of the
President of the United States dated August 23, 1917, appointing
said administrator, and in furtherance of the purpose of said order
and of the act of Congress therein referred to and approved August
10, 1917, hereby orders and directs as follows:
The price of coke shall be understood as the price per ton of 2,000
pounds f. O. b. cars at the plant where the coke is manufactured.
All the maximum prices mentioned herein shall apply to car
lots sold to consumers or to dealers for wagon delivery; any commis-
sions paid to Selling agencies, or margins allowed to jobbers, shall be
paid by the vendors, and shall not be added to the prices established
hereby.
In all cases where wagon deliveries are made, either by the coke
producer or by dealers, a reasonable charge for such handling and
delivery may be made; such charge shall be subject to approval
of the State Fuel Administrator.
By-product coke.—Except for by-product coke produced in New
Tºngland, the maximum prices for each grade of by-product coke,
90
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
f. O. b. cars at point of production, shall be the sum of the base price
for the grade, and the freight rate from the competing beehive coke
district which takes the lowest freight rate to the point where such
by-product coke is produced. The base prices are as follows:
Run of ovens--------------------------------- $6.00
Selected foundry----. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7.00
Crushed, over 1-inch size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.50
Gas coke.—The maximum price of gas coke sold for industrial or
metallurgical use shall be fixed at the price established by the
United States Fuel Administrator for the corresponding grade of
coke produced in by-products ovens. The maximum price of gas
coke sold for household purposes shall be the price established by
the United States Fuel Administration for anthracite coal in the
same locality.
This order becomes effective 7 a. m., November 19, and will re-
main in effect until January 1, 1918, or until superseded by further
order.
H. A. GARFIELD,
United States Fuel Administrator.
Order of the United States Fuel Administrator of November 24,
1917, effective 7 a.m., November 26, 1917, fixing prices of by-prod-
uct coke produced in New England and defining the term ‘‘Foun-
dry coke, 72 hour selected.”
WASHINGTON, D. C., November 24, 1917.
It appearing to the United States Fuel Administrator that various
additional regulations should be put in force at once for the better
control of the distribution of coke, and of the prices at which the
same may be sold.
The United States Fuel Administrator, acting under authority
of an Executive order of the President of the United States dated
August 23, 1917, appointing Said administrator, and in furtherance
of the purpose of said order and of the act of Congress therin referred
to and approved August 10, 1917,
Hereby orders and directs that until further or other orders of the
Fuel Administrator, but not after December 31, 1917, and subject
to modification by him at anytime and from time to time hereafter,
the following regulations additional to those set forth in orders of
November 9, 1917, and November 17, 1917, shall be in effect be-
ginning at 7 a. m. on Monday, November 26, 1917:
1. By-product coke produced in New England.—For coke produced
in New England, the maximum prices for each grade, f. o. b. cars
at point of production, shall be the base price for the grade of coke,
plus the freight rate from the competing beehive coke district which
takes the lowest freight rate to the point where such coke is pro-
duced, and plus 7 cents for each advance of 5 cents above 60 cents
used in the manufacture of such coke. The base prices are as fol-
lows: Run of ovens, $6; Selected foundry, $7; and crushed over
1-inch size, $6.50.
2. In said order dated November 9, 1917, hereinbefore referred
to, establishing prices of certain kinds of coke and other regulations
relative to coke, the expression ‘‘foundry coke, 72 hour selected,”
shall cover only coke selected in accordance with the usual trade
practice for foundry use, and the price of $7 shall in no case be
charged for any Shipments to blast furnaces.
3. The attention of coke producers is called to the following
penalties provided by the Lever law for failure to conform to the
prices fixed, or regulations established, under authority thereof:
“Whoever shall, with knowledge that the prices of any such
commodity have been fixed as herein provided, ask, demand, or
receive a higher price, or whoever shall, with knowledge that the
regulations have been prescribed as herein provided, violate or
refuse to conform to any of the same, shall, upon conviction, be
punished by fine of not more than $5,000, or by imprisonment for
not more than two years, or both. Each independent transaction
shall constitute a separate offense.’’
H. A. GARFIELD,
United States Fuel Administrator.
Following the promulgation of these orders a study
of the costs of coke production in the various coke-
making districts was undertaken upon a twofold
basis, first of legalized maximum sales prices of the
coal which was converted into coke, and second, upon
the actual cost of the coke produced.
The results of the first of these investigations are
given in the following table, which shows the Govern-
ment price for coal, the Government price for furnace
and foundry coke made in beehive ovens, the calcu-
lated cost of furnace coke made in beehive ovens on
the basis of a 60 per cent yield of coke from the coal
charged, $1.25 for the cost of converting a ton of coal
to coke, 20 cents per ton for sales expenses, 15 cents
per ton for depreciation, 20 cents for contingent
reserves and 30 cents per ton for profit, and the cal-
culated price of foundry coke obtained by adding $1
to the price of furnace coke.

**ś
price, . price, pºor lated for à.
for º, ; oundry tº: for
§ º: Coke. .* tºy
oke.
Connellsville - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $2.35 ($6.00 ($7.00 ($6.00 $7.00
Alabama:
District No. 1 (washing 50 -
cents)------------------- 2.95 || 7.00 | 8.00 || 7.00 8.00.
District No. 2 (washing 50 -
cents)-------------. - - - - - 3.95 8.75 9.75 8.66 9.66
District No. 3 (washing 50
cents)------------------- 3. 45 || 7. 85 | 8.85 || 7.83 || 8.83
Empire Coal Co. . . . . . . . . . . 3.95 |10. 50 |10. 50 | 8.66 9.66
Gulf States Steel, Sayre. . . .] 3.45 | 8.50 || 9, 50 7.83 || 8.83
Geºi, C 3. 60
alker County, - - - - - - - - - - - || 3. 6 H
Washing... . . . . . . . . . . . . { , 50 }8. 75 9.75 | 8.90 9.90
Oklahoma. --------------------. 4.05 |10. 75 |11. 75 8.85 9.85.
Penºic bria C -
air and Cambria Counties.|ſ2.95 *y
Add for washing. . . . . . . . { . 50 }.25 8.25 || 7.01 || 8.01
Yº! - * * * * - - - - - - - - * * * || - - * * * -> 7.25 | 8. 25 | 7.84 || 8.84
Indiana County. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.95
lorad Washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { * ; - * - - - 8. 50 || 7.84 || 8.84
Colorado-------------- - - - - - - - - - 2. 7
Nº................. { .# }8. 50 | 9.50 || 7.44 8.44
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 7
Washing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {*} }8. 50 | 9.50 | 7.44 8.44
Kentucky:
Pike County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 | 6.50 | 7. 50 || 7.10 | 8.10,
Marrowbone Manufacturing
T Co----------------------|--- 00 7.75 ------|------|------
CIllneSSee- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.
Washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { ..., |}8.25 | 8.25 | 7.94 | 8.94
Tracy City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coalmont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .]}. . . . . 7.25 | 8.25 || 7.94 | 8.94
Cumberland County . . . . . . .
Utah ------------------------. 3.00 | 8.50 || 9, 50 | 7. 10 | 8, 10.
Virginia:
Lee and Wise Counties . . . . . 2. 55 7. 25 | 8. 25 || 6. 35 | 7.35.
West Virginia:
Monongalia, Marion, and
Harrison Counties . . . . . . . 2. 50 6. 25 7. 25 6. 26 || 7. 26.
Kanawha district . . . . . . . . . . 2. 60 | 6. 50 7. 50 6, 44 7, 44
Flat Top district. . . . . . . . . . . 2.35 | 8.00 || 8.00 6. 00 7.00.
New Tiver district. . . . . . . . . 2. 65 8.00 || 8.00 6. 51 7. 51
Preston County. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 75 6.75 7.75 6.69 || 7. 69.
Barbour and Randolph -
Counties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 65 6.75 7, 75 | 6. 51 || 7. 51
Togan County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 50 | 6.75 7.75 6. 26 || 7. 26.
Tucker County . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 75 7.00 | 8. 00 | 6. 69 7. 69
Nicholas County. . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 65 || 7. 75 || 7. 75 | 6. 51 || 7. 51
DISTRIBUTION | OF
91
COAL AND CORE.
The investigation of actual costs of production dis-
closed the fact that in some instances the actual cost
of the coal coked exceeded the maximum legal sales
price for coal used, though in the majority of in-
stances the legal price for the coal charged into the
ovens exceeded its cost of production. In either in-
stance the higher cost figure was taken as a basis for
determining the legal price at which the coke produced
might be sold in order that the production of coke
might not be curtailed, and separate orders were
issued by the United States Fuel Administrator
authorizing individual prices based on actual cost of
production."
GAS AND BY-PRODUCT COAL SECTION.
From almost the first day of its existence the Fuel
Administration was confronted with questions of Sup-
plies of high-grade gas and by-product coals. These
questions were so intimately involved with all other
important phases of the main problem of distribution
that it is not possible to cover the subject without
reviewing, in detail, much that has already been cov-
ered. A few salient features only will therefore be dis-
cussed. The largest users of gas and by-product coal
were war industries, steel mills, by-product coke ovens,
and public utilities. These high quality coals were,
however, in urgent demand for many other purposes,
some quite essential to the war program, notably for
railroad fuel and ship bunkers.
At the steel mills and allied works and the by-prod-
uct coke plants coal of four grades are in common use—
ordinary steam coal, gas coal, and high volatile coal
and low volatile coal for coke ovens. The gas and high
volatile coking coals may or may not be interchange-
able, that is, coal from a mine may be suitable for use
as gas coal in an open-hearth furnace and, mixed with
other coals, for use in by-product coke ovens. Furth-
ermore, any of the other grades may be used for steam
. coal, although coal that would be satisfactory under
boilers might not do in special furnaces. A nice ad-
justment was at all times necessary and the require-
ments, supplies, and consumption of these several
kinds of coal by the iron, steel, and coke industries
were constantly under observation. Early in Novem-
ber, 1917, the operators of iron and steel plants in the
congested areas of the East furnished daily and weekly
reports on their coal supply. In the stormy period of
December, 1917, to March, 1918, every device known
was used to maintain necessary supplies of coal at
these plants; requests and orders on the operators to
ship, diversions of coal, and assigned car supplies were
all tried. Notwithstanding these efforts, disorganized
and individual as they were, many iron and steel
plants and coke ovens in this period were run on very
slender margins of stock or were obliged to curtail
their operations.
1 For citation of these and other orders on the prices of coke the reader is referred
to the publication of the Fuel Administration, “General orders, regulations, and :
rulings of the Fuel Administration,” pp. 543–578.
When the distribution division was organized in the
early part of 1918, provision was made for looking
after the iron and steel plants through a section of
steel and munitions plants. About 250 plants were
under the jurisdiction of this section, all handled from
the Washington office and not through the State admin-
istrators, as were other industrial plants. In August
the section on steel and munitions plants was merged
with the work on artificial gas plants in a new office
designated the “Gas and By-Product Coal Section.”
The efforts of this section were directed toward
assisting in the increase of stocks of suitable coals at
all the important war munition plants. Weekly re-
ports of the conditions at these plants were collected
and compiled by a special force in the bureau of statis-
tics and were the essential data on which the section
worked. The manager of this section was in the posi-
tion of a purchasing agent and traffic manager for these
several hundred operations. A graphic record of the
condition of supply of the several kinds of coal at each
plant was maintained and wherever it was found that
difficulty was being encountered in building up stocks
of suitable coal, immediate recourse was had to the
machinery of the distribution division to overcome
the trouble. So effective were the measures of ob-
| servation and control that by the first of November
practically every plant had an assured supply of coal
and the general averages for all plants (see figs. 23–
26, pp. 38–40) surpassed all expectations. Quantity of
coal was not sufficient, but quality was essential. A
large part of the efforts of the staff of the section was
devoted to assembling data on the names and location
of mines producing coal entirely satisfactory for these
special uses, and seeing to it that coal from these
mines and none other was supplied to those consumers
requiring the special grades of coal.
INSPECTION SECTION.
The inspection section of the United States Fuel
Administration was organized April 10, 1918, as a
section of the bureau of bituminous distribution
to handle the preparation of bituminous coal. When
the selling price of coal was fixed by the Government
the incentive for properly preparing coal that existed
during a competitive market no longer existed. As
a result, the work of the inspection section was to
create such an incentive or formulate and enforce
such rules as would result in the same degree of prepa-
ration of coal as existed during the prewar period.
This section was organized to use the offices of the
district representatives in the various parts of the
coal-producing regions as local offices for inspection.
That method was employed inasmuch as the work of
the district representatives was well Organized, and
by adding the work of the inspectors to the work
already under way, the problem was materially
simplified and admitted quicker action. .
The work of the inspectors was directed from Wash-
ington through the district representatives and to a
92 REPORT of DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
limited extent through a field organization attached
directly to the inspection section at Washington.
Inspectors, of which 80 were appointed, were
assigned to each district, the number in each instance
being dependent upon the local conditions. The
duties of these inspectors were to visit the mines,
make examinations of the coal seam being worked,
note the attention given to preparation by the miners
in the working places, and make such suggestions as
the conditions seemed to warrant. -
These inspectors were also called upon to examine
the coal as delivered to the tipple, and determine
the degree of preparation received on the tipple and
during the time the coal was loaded in the railroad
car or barge. They also made suggestions to the
operators and explained to them the requirements
of the Fuel Administration.
Where coal was being loaded that did not measure
up to the standard set by the Fuel Administration,
penalties were imposed of 50 cents per ton in the
selling price and a notation made on the invoice of
this reduction and why it was made. Such penalties
applied only to the cars loaded or being loaded at
the tipple at the time of the inspector's visit. If
an inspector found a car loaded or being loaded that
was manifestly unfit for fuel, the operator was re-
quired to unload the car, but if the coal could be
properly prepared after unloading, the operator was
allowed to load up such part of the contents of the
car as was coal of proper heat value to warrant its
being shipped.
If an operator could not or would not load coal of
proper commercial value, an order was issued sus-
pending shipments from that mine until such time
as he had installed appliances or made such arrange-
ments as would admit of his producing coal of proper
heat value and preparation.
Each of the coal-producing States maintains an
organization for the inspection of mines relative to
safety. These State inspectors and their deputies
make regular visits to the various mines in their
districts, and their cooperation was sought and
cheerfully given to the inspection service of the Fuel
Administration. In some of the States such cooper-
ation was of great value; in others the organization
of the State mine inspection department was such
that it would not readily adapt itself to the work of
the Fuel Administration, and where such a condition
existed the results obtained were of little value.
Considering the situation in its entirety, however, the
work done by the State inspection department was
of very material assistance.
At a little later date an arrangement was made
with the Railroad Administration by which the
railroad fuel inspectors were authorized to report
also to the Fuel Administration, and they made
reports on the various mines visited as well as upon
coal in transit. While that feature of the work was
results accomplished by the inspection section.
somewhat late in starting, it proved of great value, as
the personnel of the railroad inspection force was of a
high order. No friction of consequence resulted from
| the various organizations making inspections, and in
general they cooperated in a very satisfactory manner.
A field force was organized, the members of which
reported directly to Washington. Their work in the
field was largely educational and advisory. The men
so employed were required to visit the various dis-
tricts and explain to the inspectors the methods best
suited for the work. -
In general a most hearty cooperation was received
from all of the operators throughout the country, and
they were always pleased to have inspectors visit their
plants and assisted in every way possible.
The United Mine Workers' organization rendered a
good account of itself and was of marked value in edu-
cating the miner as to the necessity of removing
impurities before loading into the mine car.
The records show that on June 1, 1918, about 10
weeks after the inspection section was first formed
and as soon as an effective organization was installed,
approximately 85 per cent of the mines visited re-
Quired additional care in the preparation of the coal.
On December 14, 1918, the records show that about
7 per cent of the mines visited were improperly pre-
paring their coal. This indicates in a manner the
The
number of reports received from the field varied from
400 to 1,160 per week.
The organization and results obtained have been
highly satisfactory to all concerned. Considering the
short space of time that the inspection section was in
operation, and the demand for quick action, there are
no suggestions to make that would insure an improve-
ment over the system used for a like contingency.
The activities of the inspection section to December
14, 1918, are indicated by the following tabulation:

Week .
ended | Total for
Dec. 14, the year.
1918.
Reports received from Fuel Administration in-
Spectors. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 448 || 17, 462
Reports received from State inspectors. . . . . . . . . 13 2, 344
Reports received from railroad inspectors........ 34 331
Total number of reports received. . . . . . . . . 495 20, 137
Mines preparing coal properly----------------.. 456 | 12, 501
Mines preparing coal improperly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 6, 799
Mines ordered not to ship on account of poor
preparation--------------------------------- |. 122
Mines in which loading was ordered Suspended
from portion of mine on account of poor quality.[... . . . . . 19
Mines permitted to resume shipments after hav-
ing been suspended--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 35
Mines embargoed at tidewater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1]. 144
Cars rejected at tidewater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 2, 177
Cars rejected at lakes. --------------------------|-------. 317
Cars penalized.-------------------------------. 7 360
Cars condemned at mines.----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Total number of inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 75
Total number of State inspectors cooperating. . . . . I 06 I06
Total number of railroad inspectors appointed. . . . . 139 139
Total number of inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 320
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 93
SMITHING-COAL SECTION.
Smithing coal is in a class by itself, and on October
1, 1917, an order was issued to the effect that smith-
ing coal, when used exclusively for bona fide smithing
purposes, could be sold at the prevailing market price
at the time of the sale, irrespective of the Govern-
ment prices for bituminous coal. That privilege was
much abused, especially by some mines that did not
pretend to produce Smithing coal prior to October 1.
An investigation by the Federal Trade Commission
during January and February, 1918, disclosed the
fact that between 200,000 and 300,000 tons of coal
had been shipped and invoiced as Smithing coal sub-
sequent to October 1, 1917, that was used for other
than blackSmithing purposes.
On February 15, 1918, Smithing coal was again put
back on the same basis as steam and domestic, both
as to price and jobbers’ commission, which had the
effect of cutting down shipments almost to nothing,
the mines not caring to go to the trouble and expense.
of preparing their coal for Smithing purposes and
loading it into box cars at the same price as for un-
prepared coal loaded in open cars.
The jobbers also protested against handling smith-
ing coal on a margin of 15 cents per ton, as the major
part of Smithing coal is shipped long distances from
the mines and practically all of it is sold at delivered
prices. For example, a jobber of steam coal at St.
Louis could buy Illinois screenings at $2 per ton, .
mines, ship it to St. Louis, in some cases a distance of
less than 30 miles, and sell it at $2.15, mines, whereas
a smithing-coal jobber in the same city, in order to
take care of his customers on the Pacific coast, would
have to pay approximately $3 per ton, mines, and sell
it at a delivered price of $18 per ton on the same mar-
gin of commission as the Illinois screenings, the in-
vestment in one case being approximately $2 per ton
and in the other, $18 per ton, as the jobber is held
responsible for all overcharges in freight, shortages, etc.
On April 1, 1918, certain rules and regulations were
put into effect governing the distribution of coal and
the amount of commission allowed purchasing agents,
which in the case of Smithing coal was fixed at 5 per
cent of the delivered price. This brought about a
rather peculiar situation in that it enabled the far-
away trade to get preference on its orders on account
of the higher commission, whereas the near-by trade
in a great many cases suffered for coal, and it was not
until the far-away trade was well supplied that the
orders from the near-by trade were filled.
Regulation No. 1855, effective April 25, 1918, pro-
vided for an extra allowance for Smithing coal prepara-
tion; also for sacking the coal and loading it in box
cars, and contained a clause prohibiting the use of
blacksmithing coal for other than bona fide smithing
purposes. This badly needed regulation put the dis-
tribution of Smithing coal in excellent shape, both from
an operating and a distributing standpoint, and had
there not been an unprecedented shortage of high-grade
low volatile coal at that time the requirements of the
trade would doubtless have been well taken care of.
Circulars Nos. 4096 and 4126, containing lists of
producers of Smithing coal authorized to ship without
permit into certain territory outside the regular bitu-
minous coal zone limits, were made effective on April
23, 1918, and May 6, 1918, respectively. This regu-
lation would have been more effective had these first
lists been more complete and representative of the
mines producing the higher grades of Smithing coal.
In July the district representatives were directed to
furnish lists of all unfilled orders for smithing coal
placed with the mines in their respective districts.
With that information it was easy to determine how
much coal was required and where it was to come from.
The district representatives were then urged to impress
upon the operators, particularly those who were far-
thest behind with their orders, the importance of mak-
ing as liberal shipments as possible. Arrangements
were also made with the larger operators to send in
copies of new Smithing orders and contracts, together
with statements covering their weekly shipments,
thereby enabling the maintenance of a record of both
the current demand and supply. -
During the first half of June, 1918, shipments of
Smithing coal were at an extremely low ebb and entirely
inadequate to take care of the constantly increasing
demands from all parts of the country. Many diffi-
culties had to be overcome before shipments could be
materially increased. The Navy, for instance, was
short of Smithing coal, and the entire output of prac-
tically all of the eastern mines that produce the high-
est grades of Smithing coal were being commandeered
for bunkering purposes. However, the problem was
gradually and carefully worked out, and by the middle
of July shipments of Smithing coal were increased
about 30 per cent, and by the middle of August the
tonnage was increased over 40 per cent, which was
more than enough to supply current requirements, not
only in the United States but in Canada and Mexico.
Although the distribution of Smithing coal was under
just as strict zonal regulation as steam and domestic
coal, investigation showed quite a tonnage of it was
being shipped beyond the Zone limits into territory
where smithing coal is produced. For example, West
Virginia coal was going into Birmingham, within a
stone's throw of the Alabama. Smithing-coal mines.
Alabama Smithing coal was being shipped to Little
Rock, which is only a short distance from the Arkan-
sas Smithing-coal mines. Alabama and Georgia coals
were being shipped to the Pacific coast, while the
Southern States east of the Mississippi were suffering
for lack of it.
To correct this waste of car space, crosshauling, and
unfair treatment, the lines were tightened and some
of the Zone boundaries changed
94
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
About September 1, Mr. Yule, in charge of the
Smithing-coal section, was requested to look into the
Canadian situation. He found that a few shipments
of Smithing coal were going over the border on steam
permits, and others were going through without any
Some improved methods of handling
permits and shipments were introduced, in cooperation
with the section of Canadian shipments, which made
it practically impossible to move illegal shipments
permits at all.
violation of section VII, Circular No. 1855, were
turned over to the legal department by the distribu-
tion division. -
The list of authorized Smithing-coal producers
issued during April and May, 1918, was incomplete.
Mr. Yule revised that list during the summer, adding
many new names.
Information secured in June, 1918, from 88 opera-
tors producing Smithing coal in Arkansas, Alabama,
Shipments of smithing coal from 88 mines in 1917, and during the first six months of 1918, in net tons.
Producing States.
Tons shipped
Tons shipped east.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage east. -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tons shipped West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage West - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Tons shipped south
Percentage south
Tons shipped export----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Percentage export. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of country total.--------. . . . . . . . . . . .
January–June, 1918.
Tons shipped
Tons shipped east.----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * *
Percentage east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tons shipped West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage west
Tons shipped South
Percentage South-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tons shipped export----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage export.---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of country total.......... . . . . 2- - - - - - -
* * * *- - - - - * * * * * * - - - - - sº e = * - - - - - tº sº º 'º -
Comparison of periods.
Monthly shipments, 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monthly shipments, 1918
Percentage of increase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of decrease -
Shipments east, 1917
Shipments east, 1918
Percentage of increase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of decrease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shipments west, 1917
Shipments west, 1918
Percentage of increase. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percentage of decrease -
Shipments south, 1917
Shipments south, 1918
Percentage of increase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Shipments export, 1917
Shipments export, 1918
Percentage of decrease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* - - - - - - - * * * * - - - - - º ºs e º = -
• * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s e º sº.
- - * = - - - - - - - as is a - - - - - - * * * * * -
* * * * * - - - - - ºr s = a- - - - - * * * * * * -
* * * > - - - - - - * * * * - - - - - e s = * - -
tº e º 'º - - - - - * * * * - - - - - * * * * * -
* * * * - - - - - - as * * * * - - - - as as as * - -
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Alabama. Arkansas. | Maryland. Oklahoma. sºn. Tennessee. vºi. Toºl ºted
3 2 4 1 35 2 41 88
28, 307 1, 582 27, 399 947 || 533,003. 19,694 | 282,990 893, 922
• * * * * * * * * - I - a, as e º se - e - - 18,049 |- - - - - - - - - - 236, 512 15, 686 50, 543 320, 790
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - 65, 87 |- - - - - - - - - - 44. 39 79.65 17.86 35. 89
- - - * * * * - - - 1, 582. 9, 350 947 295,071 4,008 || 232,447 543, 405
• * * * * * * * * * 100. 00 34. 13 100.00 55. 36 20. 35 82. 14 60. 79
28, 307 ----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|---------- 28, 307
100.00 ----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|---------- 3. 16
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * s = * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * I • * * * * * * * * * 1,420 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | 1,420
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * : * * * * * * * * * * : * * * * * * * * * * 25 ----------|---------- . 16
3. 2 ... 2 3.0 . 1 59. 6 2. 2 31. 7 100: 00
15, 871 4,072 28, 596 524 209,064 11, 126 114,886 384, 139
- - - º EP e º 'º - - 90 26, 405 |. . . . . . . . . . . 85, 176 8,764 18,044 138,479
- - sº e º se e s - - 2. 21 92.34 |. . . . . . . . . . 40. 74 78. 77 15. 70 36. 05
- - - * * * * - - - 3,982 2, 191 524 123, 527 2, 362 96, 842 229,428
- - - - - e. e º 'º- - 97. 79 7. 66 100.00 59.08 21. 23 84. 30 59. Z2
18, 871 ----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|---------- 15, 871
100.00 ----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|---------- 4. 31
* * * * * * * * * * r * * * * * * * * * * r * is s tº e º ºr e º a i e º as ºs e º as as a s 361 ----------|---------- 361
* * * * * * * * * I • * * * * * * * * * : * > * > * > * * * * I e º e º sm - - - as s 16 ----------|---------- . 10
4. 1 1. 1 7.4 ... 1 54.4 2.9 30. 0 100.00
2, 359 132 2,283 79 44, 417 1,641 23, 582 74,493
3, 174 814 5, 719 105 41, 813 2,225 22, 977 76, 827
34.00 517. 00 150, 00 33.00 - - - - - - - - - - 36.00 |. . . . . . . . . . 1. 77
• * * * * * * * * - I e º s is ºs e º 'º - ºn I tº gº is ºs º ºs º ºr e = i e = * * * * - - - e. 6.00 |. . . . . . . . . . 3.00 l. . . . . . . . . .
- - - * * * - - - - - - - sº º ºs e - - - - 1, 504 |- . . . . . . . . . . 19, 709 1,307 4, 212 26, 732
- - - - as . * * - - - 18 5, 281 |. . . . . . . . . .] 17,035 1, 753 3, 609 27,696
- - - * * * = - - - - - * * * * * - - - - 251.00 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.00 |. . . . . . . . . . 3.23
• * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * 13.00 - - - - - - - - - - 14.00 |. . . . . . . . . .
- - - - - - - - - - 132 779 79 24, 589 334 || 19, 370 || 45,283
- - - * * * - - - - 796 438 105 24, 705 472 19, 368 45, 884
- - - - - - - - - - 503. 00 |. . . . . . . . . . 33. 00 1. 00 41.00 |. . . . . . . . . . l. 33
- - - * * * * * - - - - - - as as * - - - - 44.00 ----------|----------|----------|----------|--- . . . . . . .
2, 369 |----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|- . . . . . . . . . 2, 359
3, 174 |----------|----------|--------------------|----------|-- . . . . . . . . 3, 174
34.00 ----------|--------------------|----------|- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.00
• * * * * * * * * * i < * * * * * * * * * : * * * * * * * * * * i • * * * * - - - - - 118 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118.
• * * * * * * * * - W - we º an as nº an º' - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
• * * * * * * * * - I - * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - a. s. 39.00 |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.00
across the border.
shipped into Canada.
A separate permit was required
for smithing coal for Canada, thereby enabling a record
to be maintained of the tonnage shipped or to be
The Section also assisted in
arranging for shipments of blacksmithing coal to
Mexico, South America, and the Hawaiian Islands.
Subsequent to July 1, 1918, every shipment of
smithing coal reported to the distribution division was
carefully scrutinized and all suspicious cases were
thoroughly investigated. Twenty flagrant cases of
Maryland, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and
West Virginia is given in the following tables.
Those 88 producers shipped 893,922 net tons during
1917–320,790 tons, or 36 per cent, east; 543,405 tons,
or 61 per cent, west; 28,307 tons, or 3 per cent, south;
Of the total shipments,
533,003 tons, or 60 per cent, was from Pennsylvania,
and 282,990 tons, or 32 per cent, from West Virginia.
During the first five months of 1918, 384,139 tons
of Smithing coal were reported shipped, the sectional
and 1,420 tons for export.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
95
distribution being approximately the same in 1917;
and the eastern and southern shipments gaining
slightly at the expense of western shipments.
that period Pennsylvania and West Virginia pro-
duced, respectively, 54 and 32 per cent; Maryland, 7;
and Arkansas, 1.
Distribution of smithing coal during various periods between July 1 and Dec
During
3 per
cent.
. 31, 1918, in cars.
increases in average monthly shipments, Arkansas
leading with the remarkable gain of 517 per cent, and
Maryland showing an increase of 150 per cent over the
average monthly shipments in 1917. Pennsylvania
revealed a decrease of 6 per cent, and West Virginia,

Producing State.
Alabama. Arkansas. Maryland. Oklahoma. *º Tennessee. West Virginia.
Number of mines reportingshipments for 1917- 3 2 4 1 35 2 41
Number of mines reportingshipments for 1918. 3 2 3 1 ... 1 21 2 8 1 1
ing State---------------------------- uly 1 to July 1 to July 1 to July 1 to | Sept. 4 uly 1 t IV 1 t July 1 to July 1 to -
Consuming State.. §. 30. º 31. #. 31. ğ. 12. ep 18. to †. 3. § #. 31. º: #.
Alabama--------------------------- 63 |---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 13 ---------|---------|---------
Arizona----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 5 11 --------- 13 ---------|---------
Arkansas-------------------------- 6 10 ---------|---------|---------|--------- 6 5 5 ---------
California--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 6 217 l 124 2 1.
Colorado---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 7 ---------|---------|---------|---------
Delaware---------------------------|---------|---------|--------- 8 - - - - - - - - - 4 ---------|---------|---------|---------
Florida.--------------------------- 42 ---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 19 2 29 |- - - - - - - - -
Georgia --------------------------- 42 |---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 137 2 ---------|---------
Idaho------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 10 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 ---------
Illinois-----------------------------|---------|--------- ! ---------|--------- 626 - - - - - - - - - 345 363 23
Indiana--------------------------- 3 - - - - - - - - - 14 |---------|--------- 143 |- - - - - - - - - 188 86. 7
Iowa------------------------------|---------|--------- 2 ---------|--------- 34 - - - - - - - - - 37 30 | . . . . . . . . .
Kansas----------------------------|--------- 9 |---------|---------|--------- 19 - - - - - - - - - 20 16 - - - - - - - - -
Kentucky-------------------------- 4 |---------|---------|---------|---------|-- . . . . . . . 5 49 29 2
Louisiana-------------------------- 54 7 - - - - - - - --|---------|-- . . . . . . . I 5 3 5 l---------
Maryland and District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 ---------|---------|---------|---------
Michigan--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------. 174 - - - - - - - - - 194 44 2
Minnesota.--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 28 - - - - - - - - - 43 17 - - - - - - - - -
Mississippi------------------------- 40 ---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 1 --------- 3 - - - - - - - - -
Missouri----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 156 - - - - - - - - - 148 138 - - - - - - - - -
Montana---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 7 - - - - - - - - - 2 4|---------
Nebraska---------------------------|--------- * 1 |---------|---------|- . . . . . . . . 12 l- - - - - - - - - 18 13 | ---------
Nevada. --------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 17 - - - - - - - - - 3 1 ---------
New England.---------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 305 ---------|--------- 18 l- - - - - - - - -
New Jersey-------------------------|---------|--------- 2 93 l . . . . . . . . . 112 ||---------|---------|---------|---------
New Mexico-----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 5 |---------|---------
New York-------------------------|---------|-- . . . . . . . 3 26 l. . . . . . . . . 289 |- - - - - - - - - 3 |---------|---------
North Carolina.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --|---------|------------------ 2 3 - - - - - - - - - 2
North Dakota.----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--|-- . . . . . 1 - - - - - - - - - 7 ---------|---------
Ohio-------------------------------|---------|--------- 32 - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 |- - - - - - - - - 405 33 82
Oklahoma--------------------------|--------- 10 ---------|---------|--------. 13 I 11 8 - - - - - - - - -
Oregon.---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------. 7 - - - - - - - - - 51 4 - - - - - - - - -
Pennsylvania-----------------------|---------|--------- 6 103 | . . . . . . . . . 292 - - - - - - - - - 15 5 1. --------
South Carolina---------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 2 2 --------- 1.
South Dakota.----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------. 5 - - - - - - - - - 5 1 ---------
Tennessee-------------------. . . . . . . 22 |---------|---------|------------------|--------- 21 9 1 - - - - - - - - -
Texas------------------------------ 35 14 - - - - - - - - ---------- 38 12 11 16 13 - - - - - - - - -
Utah-------------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 6 ---------|---------|---------|---------
Virginia.--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-- . . . . . . . 1 |--------- 21 7 - - - - - - - - -
Washington:------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------- 97 l 51 3 - - - - - - - - -
West Virginia----------------------|- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 ||---------|-- . . . . . . . 8 - - - - - - - - - 6 2
Wisconsin. ------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------. 54 - - - - - - - - - 79 35 4
Wyoming---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-- . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 ---------|---------
Canada----------------------------|---------|--------- 1 ---------|--------- 299 |- - - - - - - - - 22 31 5
Mexico.-----------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------. 4 - - - - - - - - - 1 ---------|---------
Total.----------------------- 313 51 98 231 49 3,485 225 1,911 947 130
In spite of the fact that the period January 1 to
From the weekly statements of shipments of Smith-
June 1, 1918, included some of the less productive
months of the coal year, the average monthly ship-
ments for the period were 76,827 tons, compared with
74,493 tons for the calendar year 1917, an increase of
1.8 per cent. All of the producing States, with the
exception of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, showed
- 123976°–19—PT I—7
ing coal furnished by the larger operators the following
tabulation has been prepared. But 43 of the 88 mines
included in the preceding tabulation furnished these
weekly reports of shipments, and only 11 maintained
the practice continuously from July 1 to December
30, 1918. The statistics for the last half of 1918 are
96 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
therefore not comparable with those for 1917 and the
first half of 1918. The totals for Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, and Michigan are believed to include ship-
ments to Lake docks for reshipment via Lake to the
northwest and to Canada.
GOVERNMENT BUILDING SECTION.
Early in 1917 the Treasury Department, the Indian
Office, and other governmental agencies began to ex-
perience difficulty in securing contracts for coal. The
normal procedure by which the Government secures
its coal is rather involved and tedious. Shippers and
dealers in coal were able to sell their product more
easily in 1917 than previously and did not care for
governmental contracts, most of which were based
on B. t. u. specifications with rigid delivery require-
ments. Through the efforts of the committee on coal
production of the Council of National Defense agree-
ments were reached with the producers of coal, both
anthracite and bituminous, to allot the requirements
of the many Federal institutions of the country
among themselves on a pro rata basis. The requests
for coal came to the operators, who worked through
committees of two in each district through the head-
quarters in Washington. This method was carried
forward by the Fuel Administration throughout the
period of its activities, with the exception that after
the district representatives were installed the requests
for coal were distributed to the operators through
their offices. The orders were placed directly at the
mines whenever possible, thereby saving the Govern-
ment the usual purchasing agent's commissions.
The extent to which assistance was necessary for
the securing of coal for Federal buildings and institu-
tions is indicated in the following tabulations, which
give a summary of the activities of this section in the
calendar year 1918,
Requests for coal from the Department of Interior for Indian agencies
ºn, 1918.
Number of
State. requests Net tons.
Teceived.
Arizona. ----------------------------------- 4 2, 579
California- - - - ------------------------------ - 1 200
Idaho. ------------------------------------- 5 1,440
Iowa---------------------------------------- 2 645
Ransas-------------------------------------- 5 2, 290
Michigan------------------------------------ 1. 2,500
Minnesota. --------------------------------- 13 4, 238
Montana----------------------------------- 12 6,044
Nebraska. ---------------------------------- 11 6, 260
Nevada------------------------------------- 2 190
New Mexico.------------------------. . . . . . . . 6 1, 560
North Carolina- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 300
North Dakota- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 4,440
Oklahoma---------------------------------- 26 5,331
Oregon.------------------------------------- 3 8, 615
Pennsylvania- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 850
South Dakota. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . 19 9,855
Washington.-------------------------------- 7 4, 820
Wisconsin.---------------------------------. 11 8, 550
136 70,707
| Requests for coal from the Treasury Department for Federal buildings,
mainly post offices, in 1918.
Number of
State. requests Nettons.
* received.
Alabama------------------------------------- 22 1,380
Arkansas------------------------------------ , 15 725
California------------------------------------ 2 100
Colorado------------------------------------- 15 2,780
Connecticut---------------------------------- 10 1,520
Florida-------------------------------------- 8 480
Georgia.-------------------------------------- 32 1,785
Idaho---------------------------------------- 9 780
Illinois------------------------------------- 51 10, 930
Indiana------------------------------------- 35 3,815
Iowa---------------------------------------- 36 3,890
Kansas.------------------------------------- 36 2,585
Kentucky------------------------------------ 30 2,685
Louisiana------------------------------------ 10 2,255
Maine-------------------------------------- 13 1,320
Maryland----------------------------------- 8 1,405
Massachusetts--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 3,640
Michigan------------------------------------ 30 4,760
Minnesota------------------------------------ 28 3,020
Mississippi----------------------------------- 24 1, 340
Missouri------------------------------------ 37 4, 275
Montana------------------------------------- 13 1,310
Nebraska----------------------------------- 31 3,700
Nevada------------------------------------- 3 170
New Jersey--------------------------------- 4 250
New Hampshire. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------- 3 250
New Mexico.--------------------------------- 4 330
New York----------------------------------- 19 6,495
North Carolina------------------------------. 32 2, 345
North Dakota.-------------------------------- 9 1,250
Ohio----------------------------------------- 34 6, 515
Oklahoma------------------------------------ 11 690
Oregon-------------------------------------- 8 600 .
Pennsylvania------------------------------- 20 2,080
Rhode Island. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 500
South Carolina------------------------------- 20 1,040
South Dakota.-------------------------------- 16 1,650
Tennessee------------------------------------ 29 2,920
Texas---------------------------------------- 50 2,565
Utah--------------------------------------- 9 1,065
Vermont------------------------------------ 2 200
Virginia------------------------------------- 23 1,840
Washington:-------------------------------- 8 740
West Virginia.-------------------------------- 2 155
Wisconsin.---------------------------------- 33 3,865
Wyoming----------------------------------- 9 790
Total.-------------------------------- | 864 98,785
Miscellaneous Government requests for coal in 1918.
NATIONAL HOMES FOR DTSABLED VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS.


State. *:::: Tonnage.
Indiana------------------------------------- 1. 500
Ohio. -------------------------------------- 1 1,000
BUREAU OF COMMERCE–LIGHTHOUSEs.
North Carolina--------------------. . . . . . . . . . . l 200
Michigan-----------------------------------. 1 120
New York----------------------------------. 1 50

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.

New Hampshire.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | 1. 40
T DEPARTMENT OF LABOR-IMMIGRATION STATION.
Louisiana. . . . . . . . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 | 200
NAVY DEPARTMENT—UNTTED STATES COAST GUARD.
Wisconsin.-----------------------------..... 1 50
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- - - - 1. 90


Total tonnage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,250
DISTRIBTUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
97
Orders for coal for the War Department in 1918.
Net tons.
Camps--------------------------------------------- 1, 114, 172
Forts----------------------------------------------- 250,244
Quartermaster depots. ----------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 150, 579
Aviation fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49,998
United States Army general hospitals. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55,845
Proving grounds and arsenals...---------------------- 51, 850
Posts and stations----------------------------------- 458, 75l
Marine Corps.--------------------------------------- 24, 950
2, 156,389
DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES.
The solution of the problem of handling the dis-
tribution of coal on a national scale may be said to
have only begun when district representatives were
N
N
N
º
º
O
N
ſ
%
DISTRIBUTION
S Railroad Fuel
Jobbers
%
Preferred Industries
Retail Coal Ocalers
Il Public Umiles
%
ſº
N/TN
2
&
N
illº
12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || 18 25
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY
%
On FHEtº-Hº-
3 10 17 24 31 7 14 2.
AUGUST SEPTEMBER
Tº ºme tº
Federal lnstitutions
8
5
REBRUARY
FIG. 64.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the central Pennsyl-
vania fields, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representative, by weeks,
from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
placed in the coal fields. Nothing was more ap-
parent in the winter of 1917–18 than the absolute
helplessness of a central office in handling detailed
matters of production and car supply and of dis-
tribution in the distant and scattered coal fields.
Conditions in the coal fields changed so from day to
day, and circumstances surrounding every question
were often so involved that every effort to distribute
coal on the basis of the data of yesterday or last
week was hopeless. The problem was simplified when,
to secure 10 cars of coal per day for a purpose, the
order could be sent to a field for allocation by a dis-
trict representative, if necessary each day, to the
shippers having the coal, instead of endeavoring to
select the shippers who might be able to meet the de-
mand, from a list in Washington. Instead of deal-
ing with 7,000 or more concerns, the office in Wash-
ington had but 21; in other words, the work was de-
centralized.
representatives were enlarged."
Non-Preferred Industries
State and County Institutions
The operators in each field were called upon to
nominate a man for the position of district represen-
tative, and he was then appointed formally by the
Fuel Administrator. His duties were simply outlined
at first to collect information, allocate orders for ship-
ments, and take orders from Washington. As the
organization of the distribution division developed,
the duties, responsibilities, and powers of the district
The organizing abil-
ity and the intimate, detailed knowledge of the dis-
trict representative, coupled with the loyal support
of the coal operators generally, was beyond question
one of the most important factors in assuring the suc-
cess of the distribution division.
By reason of being the duly constituted represen-
tatives of the Fuel Administration in the coal fields,
duties and responsibilities other than those orig-
inally conceived were thrown upon the district
representatives—duties apart from distribution of
coal. The inspection of the coal was placed un-
der their supervision and in many instances they
were delegated as production managers
Basic information was collected by the dis-
trict representatives, compiled and forwarded to
Washington. To the district representatives all
coal operators were required to report daily their
production, hours of mine operation, causes of
nonoperation, and the destination and consignee
of every car of coal. All contracts and orders of
coal shippers were recorded in the office of the
district representative and to him was directed
every demand for coal, whether it be one car, a
year's supply for some small concern, or 1,000
cars a day for the Lakes. The Fuel Administra-
tion having undertaken to supply everybody, in a
given order of preference, with coal, it was the work
of the district representative to distribute the demand
among the producers in his field and see that the coal
in proper quantity and of proper quality was for-
warded.
DISTRIBUTION
Railroad Fuel
Jobbers
Non-Preferred industnes
Preferred industries
Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilities
State and County lnslitutions
Federal Institutions
:-
in-º-º-º-º-
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 65.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the northern
Pennsylvania fields, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district repre-
sentative, by Weeks, from August 31, 1918, to February 1, 1919.
In the diagrams that follow, the distribution of
coal as reported by the district representatives, week by
week, is shown in graphic form and the statistics on
which these figures are based will be found in Part III.
* See pages 25–35.
































98
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
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ſeſ
FEBRUARY
DECEMBER JANUARY
FIG. 76.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Pocahontas and
by classes of consignees, as reported by the district
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
NOVEMBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
AUGUST
representative, by weeks, from August 3,
Tug River districts, West Virginia,
(WOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
tribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Fairmont, W. Va.,
by weeks, from
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
AUGUST
FIG. 70.-Dis
district, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representative,
August 17, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.










































































































































DISTRIBUTION
OF COAL AND COKE. \ - 99
DISTRIBUTION
S Railroad Fuel
3 Preſemod industnes
Retail Coal Dealers
| Public uties
Federal Institutions
*IOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 77.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the New River field,
West Virginia, by classes of consignees, as reported by the discrict representative,
by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
OlSTRIBUTION
Railroad Fuel
Jobbers
... Non-Preſorted Industrieſ
Preſerred Industries
Relail Coal Dealers
Public Ulilities
State and County Institutions
Federal institutions
O
24 3| 7 |4 2, 28 5 12 19 26 2 16 23
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER WOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 78.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the south-eastern
Kentucky district, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representative,
by weeks, from August 24, 1918, to February 1, 1919.
OlstalBUTION
Railroad Fuel
Non-Preſorred Industries
3 Preferred Industries
Relail Coal Dealers
| Public Utilios
| Salo and County Institutions
Federal lnstitutions
FEBRUARY
DECEMBER JANUARY
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
EIG. 79.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in
Tennessee and Georgia, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district represen-
tative, by weeks, from August 24, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
NOVEMBER
DISTRIBUTION
Railroad Fuel
Jobbers
Non-Preſerred Industries
Proferred industries
Retail Coal Doalers
Public Utilitics
Slato and County Institutions
Fedoral Institutions
3 iO T 24 3 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 iſ 18 25
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 80.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Southwestern
Virginia and Clinch Valley districts, by classes of consignees, as reported by the dis-
trict representative, by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
º sº /N
§ N N N SN N º º N
2500S $ N N N N N S N NYee
§§§-Bºy N N S S(NNNN N S S DISTRIBUTION
ſº % A ſº ãºkš Š S N N S S $º-S S Railroad Fue
*###############$º Jobbcts
º 5: 2
% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Non-Proletted induslnes
% % % % % % % % % % Preſcrred Industries
2,500% % º ż 4% º ż ż % § {4\s | Rºcºcººn.
% ######## % º, cal coal ves
% % % % % % % % ſº Public Utilitics
**** f º *##4 º & % ,' State and County Institutions
outsºul-ul-ul-m-m-m-m-lººt *Luºus.... ul- - Podgral Institutions
3 10 IT 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 (6 23 30 T 14 2. 28 4 II 18 25 t
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEERUARY
FIG. 81—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in
Alabama, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representative by weeks,
from August 3,918, to February 1, 1919.
OISTRIBUTION
S Railroad Fuel
Jobbers
Non-Proſetrod industries
Proſcrºod lndustrios
Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilitics
Stato and County Institutions
Federal Institutions
O -
10 in 24 3 T 14 2. 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 2. 28 4 iſ 18 25
Hill 1.
!
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 82.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Western Ken-
tucky district, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representative, by
weeks, from August 10, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
N
s
|
N
§
§§§§./NA e w
iTA's . is slº s & § N
t º-S^ " . N. N. § N N N
2\| ...} lººtiº N/º Ne
R É - . ºf “ % % à % % % % Ø % % * Non-Preſerred Industries
º . . . . . . . . . . . . Nø Z % 2 % % % Z2 22 % % Preſerred industries
' '. . . . . . . . . . . . . | ſ i ÉN4 % * | % Real coal Dealers
. . . . N º º Public Utilities
|
|
|
|
||
|
Ni
ºiliili
º:*::=::::::ººr"
l
|
|
MOVEMBER
Stale and County Institutions
Federal Institutions
|
|
To-Tzº-3-7-a-Zīā-5 7-75-75
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
*Sº
- -
E----
[-
º-
-
; :-T-7--
DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY -
FIG. 83.−Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coalfield in In-
diana, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representative, by weeks,
from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
:
l
6
2
3
30
7
14
CARS
40,000
37,500
35,000 w
N
30000 N N N N
§ NN) N
N §§
N
N N N N
27500 N § N N
N N N N
N §§§ |N
R N N
S N N
NL; §§
N N
N N
sº
s
|
%
º
N
º
12,500
10,000
º º
a tº
a *
- ºr * d
- * * º -
º . . . . . . . . * * - -
: “s . . . . . . -, • * ‘. . ;
- L - - - E º -- º
... " . M - - - t - º
- * w - º *:
º * . ºr " ſº - t -
". º º - G
º º - -
º º º , -
- - º * , -
º -
* y º w º º
º w - C
- &
* * . 6 - - º º
º º T º - - º t
- . f* º ."
- - º - - -
* - - . G º ſº º -
"," 3 - . . . * - 8 º -
sº - º w - - 5* w
º Đ - - ", s' .
- d w º - º
&" . ', º - º
. " . " . .”. - vſ " ". ſ º
l * & º º
- "| t -- º * *
- - º "
* * - - w w_
• * * ğ - º
- º º -
º
f
t
7,500
5,15,1720,22
OOO:
|
Non-Prolerred lndustries
2 Pioleted industics
l Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilitics
- Stato and County Institutons
Federal institutions,
| OlSTRIBUTION
S Railroad Fuel
|||||||
-- * * * º º
m
|
*H*E*††††††"H"Hºt++.
Cº-
3 10 17 24 3 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 2, 28 4 \! \8 25
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY
|
|
E-
FEBRUARY
FIG, 84.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Ill-
inois, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representatives by weeks,
from August 3, 1918, to Feburary 1, 1919.
CARS
15,000
12,500
- NTN
10,000 §§
§§
§ N N N
§§
7,500 Š §
N
º Wi DISTRIBUTION
5,000 : . . Railroad Fuel
* * * - º Jobbers
.. | | | | . . Non-Preſerred industries
º Preſerred Industries
2,500 ... : , Retail Coal Dealers
º | Public Utilities -
* - State and County institutions
0 -T - Sºº-ºº- L *F±R- Federal lnstitutions
5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || 18 25 ſ
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
Fig. 85–Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal field, in
Iowa, Texas, and Southwestern States, by classes of consignees, as reported by the
district representative, by weeks, from October 5, 1918, to February 1, 1919.



























































































100
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
FEBRUARY
DECEMBER JANUARY
Fig. 92-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Iowa
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER
AUGUST
FEBRUARY
by classes of con-
y
by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to
consignees, as reported by the district representatives,
February 1, 1919, in cars.
DECEMBER JANUARY
NOVEMBER
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ØZINNE！=#;&Xºſ un£{eð<!-- ©-!ģ£©-:0Ē £©.-!L.
`zzzzzzzzÈ№–L–ītſ3 ğ Ģ ģ ţăS § →#5 5 3 & -1№ļs
ØS;=;&#8$ $ $ $ №ğš : ）,Ñ: <r.‘E ） ►№łº
<！----------------------------------Z–L–V-FiE №№ : （ ）ÑŅS， E ist
”- „№Sº）（S）（SOETÝ•،N E .��№ º• • • •E
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZIŅN#E83iſ ſă ſăģE·==№$ $ È}ț¢ £ È-H-
À È § § §ſ`Saeſºță ſă º§ 5įà $ ?E 185
ß §§5, ŘíÈ`S-Ëſº ;§ 5, &ſă ſą§ 5, &ĒĻŠ,
•№-~~~~∞•№j
! ¡ ¿ † 8（S） Ëļ= } | ſg ºiſº ? | ? g\\\\]\\ | 5 || ||tc
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$ $ $ $ $º * § § 25iſº * % § 45--
#•©§ § §∞: <- .5§ : wae: ~, 5;W∞
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ſzą∞Ė$ $ $ȧ§ §
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
AUGUST
FIG. 89.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Georgia, by classes
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.



















































































DISTRIBUTION OF
COAL AND COKE. 101
DISTRIBUTION
ºf Jobbers
& Not Cassified
| Non-Preferred industries
Preſerred industries
Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilities
State and County Institutions
Fedoral Institutions
º
N
ſ §NTſ
Ellip-ſlip-ſlit-primºrialſ Sºº-minuſºilſ
2T26T6 72T19 25 T2 TST16. 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 II 18 25
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER |NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
AUGUST
FIG. 93-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous Coal into Kentucky, by classes
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by Weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars. -
- [. State and County Institutions
Q w T TT *****"Sº wº- Foderal Institutions
3 to TT24 31 TT 14 2, 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 iſ 18 25 1
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 94.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Maryland and Dis
trict of Columbia, by classes of consignees, as reported by the district representatives,
by weeks, from August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
\
-ęº
º
%
|
2 Non-Preferred Industries
% Preſored industries
Retail Coal Dealers
| Public usies
| Sale and county Insitions
Federal Institutions
3 10 iT 24 3 T 14
AUGUST
| 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21, 28 4 || 18 25 1
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 95.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Michigan, by classes
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
OISTRIBUTION
|| Jobbers
sº 㺠º
ºf Š D. Frºp. 2 No! Classified
§ § % ØTø % 2 {\lon-Preſerted industries
& & $ ~ % % % & 2 Preſoned Industries
§ 8 || - % * * Ø Retail Coal Ocelers
º º ". | - | li | - | Public Ullies
- - tº º . State and County Institutions
Mºlliſimilliºl|| Ent-iſiºn-in-in-in-lºſt
- - . |E Foderal Institutions
3 10 (7 24 3 T 14 2. 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 (6 23 30 T 14 2. 28 4 u 18 25
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 96.--Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Minnesota, by classes
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
Fº
OlSTRIBUTION
L
%
2%
|
T
Federal institutions
16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4
[DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 97.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into New England, by
classes of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from
August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
9
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER
| OSTRIBUTION
2500:ÄN G Jobbers
N § § .Not Classified
§ § § Non-Preſerred Industries
1250N § § Preferred Industries
§ § § Retail Coal Dealers
iš § N Public Utilities -
Tº ſº State and County Institutions
°FSlºll -- Fº
S 10 IT 24 3 25 |
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 98–Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into New Jersey, by classes
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
N
tº-3
/
DISTRIBUTION
Jobbers
3 No! Cassified
§ Non-Preferred Industries
Preferred industries
Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilities
State and County institutions
Federal Institutions
|
S
.
|
|
|
|
AUGUST
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY EEBRUARY
FIG. 99.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into New York, byclasses
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
OSTRIBUTION
2,500 Jobbers
!Not Classified
Non-Preferred industries
Preferred Industries
1,250 㺠ſ: E- Žº % Tetail Coal Ooalers
º E2 ~ Public Utilities
u-º l i iſſisi Ž State and County instºnſors
sºut-is-in-ut-ºut-li-m-in-in-usul-in-in-in-in-ins...L.E.
Sºtº:- §§ Federal Institutions
3 10 WT 24 3 T 14 2, 20 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || 18 25
AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER f{OVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 100–Distribution of all-railshipments of bituminous coal into North Carolina, by
classes of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from
August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.














































































102
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
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cr:º2 （g)§ § 5 ºff ſãº
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ſā<!--->Oși ſ㧠5, º
# ###• Ë 5 ¿? №
§ @ ₪$ $ $ off
§ § §ĒC （ À § 5;
.23 Ğ №}+（–iſº ſº º á
5º ‘5 ºsEſ\，=äſs, º† 3 ºff
ā|•ſ–3EŘSae#， # ： ; ）, ?
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§ 75 <4«■I§ 75 < !
§§ĖģĖ
State and County Institutions
Federal Institutions
Non-Preſerred Industries.
Preferred Industries
FEBRUARY
Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilities
Jobbers
Not Classified
DISTRIBUTION
|SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSN : （ ）==|
|SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=|
(~~`Qì`~~ī
|SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS，~^
JENSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS-
* ... * * *№=ſ:8
<~~Q````````````````````ſ-II
[]ĒŠSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS<s· · · ·• •| №Tº;*
& ſi
=FJ） è=<=<=i;jš ģ
__SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS）ſ=ſ.ſeğ
y-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS=įº ğ
2-¿Qè~==
y-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS={\º
，Q~~==
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS！=#3
„-ēžėæ`Sé） é=#eË
∞！”|×
&XXXXXXXXXXX._SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSR}==Eſgºl
Ysz）\s*<RÈ！=Ēiſ8
ſae∞A №=========*
[XXXXXXXXXXXX_SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS，
XXXX&&&&&&&&&&&& SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
•■SE
&&&&&&&#228SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS•=Ę
ºººººººººº33333&&3&&3&&3&&3&&3&&3&&&&&&&&&&&&&NSSSSSSSSSÑE=#ſ
§
}}
∞∞∞∞∞∞∞NSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSNSSSSSSSSSS=|rºs
—È`S） É=#a
&&NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN|----¬======
XXXXXX NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN=|º
ºº:：:：：：::：::：:：:::：：：：：:S`S`S`SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
{∞
[]
{
§ § §
State and County insiſtutors
Preſemod Industries
Fodorai Institufions
Retail Coal Dealers
| Public Utilies
Fedoral Institutions
Public Utilities -
| Salo and County Insthºons
Not Classified
3. Non-Preſerted Industries
Jobbers
1 Preferred Industries
Retail Coal Doalers
§ Not classiod
... Non-Proſorrod Industnes
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
FEBRUARY
|
DECEMBER JANUARY
DECEMBER JANUARY
(NOVEMBER
FIG. 105.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Virginia, by classes
!NOVEMBER
í，<<== i
<！--~<===
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
`=`-===----
AUGUST
of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
AUGUST
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
classes of consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from
August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
FIG. 106.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Wisconsin, by
Non-Preferred Industries
State and County Institutions
Federal Institutions
Jobbers
Not Classificq
Preſored industrics
Retail Coal Dealers
Public Utilitics
FEBRUARY'
DECEMBER JANUARY
ØZZZZZZZZZZZZZ،
==~::::::::！-！<
LØZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
4·（íÝ“
EZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
4·（-2）（?
| ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
NOVEMBER
&（ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZz
ØZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
ſz-Z：（↓
Øz
Ľ！“，
Ø2
&_{ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZzzzzz
№ Tí，“vºſ
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~
zá
sºázzº
№zzá-
■■>.■（↓
■SS
as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from
August 3, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
ØZZZZZ
№ºººººººººººººº&&&&Øz
consignees, as reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from August 3,
1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
Fig. 102-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Pennsylvania by
classes of consignees,
FIG. 101.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal into Ohio, by classes of
CARS
15250.


















































DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. - 103
sº
&
SS
ŽTº º Yº
C º º º
$3 &_&_&
º
º
º
3_3; &
&
3.
CARS
2,500 -
|
25,000 . * ſ
s/A
22,500 . º | |
|A|
20,000 - || || |ſº º
Az |\ ||^2}\ 2\}. zºº *|% ſº
17,500 - º/%Nº-º" ſº ºzºº/* * % £
|####| ||########|}}}/
- 2, 2. Ø 2 % g ºf Pº
15,000 ‘. % % % % º % % % % % % . Aſº º
† g * . * % . º it. & g
ſº ſº | All ### § %
25% Hºlºşāśā; & W ..
3 & 3. 3 & 83 &\; $ & .
ſºſ: jiāº; #####$$ jº
º |3}} {\| Hikš, ; ; ; §\%
**** º Ø
|
&
º
&
§
:w
-º
-ſº
|Q
E.
|
7,500 º: * * º OlSTRIBUTION
& ..? . N|/|.T. ...N. W. . . . Mot classiſſed
5000 || Mºlºſ.. . \|| “. . . . . . ; ; . . . . . . . . ; da
. : - . * * . º º .” - . º º º “ . sº U º Pennsylvania
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * New York
* : . . . . . . . . , ; ; ; * * : . . . . . . . . . . . . . C New Jersey
2500 +, º is . . ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , , , , . . . . . . . 4 # Delaware
". . . ; ; ; ; ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. 3. New England
. . . . . . . ... , “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ſ * . Tidewaler
o ſil ºf a sº BLIN BLE LBLELE E R H H E LE: El ºl Ki El H E L E R i & – m- - --... Railroad Fuel
6 13 20 27 4 il 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7, 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 -28 4 Il 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
Fig. 107.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the central Pennsylvania district, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars. -
DISTRIBUTION
Not classified
OARS Ohio
5000
New England
2,500 - º C assºs ºf NTN /š º Canada
º-NN-º º & ºftºº s fººtº assesses sº Sº ###SºftSº Tidewater
lº-ºº: Esº , . - - Sº º ſº > NN
8 • * * - w º “. . . . . . . Railroad Fuel
6 13 20 27 4 1, 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 '13 20 27 3 10 II 24 3. TIATZT25 5-7 TIST26-2T 9 is 23-3) TTATZTZSTTTTTS 75T
APRIL MAY JUNE -ljLY AUGUST SEPUBMBER OCTOBER f{OVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY |FEBRUARY
FIG. 108-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the northern Pennsylvania district, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
-
E.
E
20,
000
f
ſº
ſ
%
%
17,500 –
i
\
ſº
ſ
15,000 –
N
%
12,500 –
i
Z2 i * I
: º t sº * sº lſ
&T . . . . . ; ºn Jºlº, ; - /in
10,000 :* º * . º . & 2. º T
, , ; Yº . ; . º º § DISTRIBUTION
º º, . º |E E. º - *SIT
#A | E3 tºº? % *NS | Tidewater
7,500 t? /#! # * Sº Not classiſted
% 2 Delaware
%
* * Ø | New England
5,000 #(ºNº. % ſº | Canada
* ' ', % % a West Vigina
. § -º 4. Pennsylvania
- º is 's sº ... Ohio
2500 – * * c. as “..." T.A. . &" Něj | New York
. . . . ; s. Tº ſº | gº . . . . . §Ni!” | = New Jersey
" * * | * * * * * * | * * * : . . . . w . |; - Lako
* :": * . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº . . ". . . . . ; sº ºf tº tº Railroad Fuel
8 15 13 20 27 3 10 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 4 || 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 109.--Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Pittsburgh, Pa., and Panhandle, W. Va., districts, as
reported by the district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.

















































































104
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Maryland and District cf Columbº
Railroad.Fuel
Maryland and District of Columb's
OlSTRIBUTION
Tidewater
FEBRUARY
'New Jersey
Not classified
ſë >
ť
-->�
§ºš ğ
> $2 $
3 Ğ ğ
± ž ž
FEBRUARY
Railroad Fue
|
3 Pennsylvania
New York
8 25 |
DECEMBER JANUARY
DISTRIBUTION
FEBRUARY
FEBRUARY
OSTRIBUTION
DECEMBER JANUARY
- FIG. 111.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Connellsville, Pa., district, as reported by the district rep-
DECEMBER JANUARY,
9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || 18 25 |
OECEMBER JANUARY
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
Fig. 110.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Westmoreland, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Ligonier district,
NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
AUGUST
AUGUST
�n（i）----
AUGUST
JULY
JULY
by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
JULY
JULY
s is 229 sº zo. 27 3 to 11 24 31 T 14 2, 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || |
JUNE
JUNE
resentative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 ſ5 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || 18 25 ſ
JUNE
|MAY
MAY
JUNE
by the district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
APRIL
|MAY
MAY
6 i3 20 27 4 11 (8 25 |
Pennsylvania, as reported by the district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
APRIL
APRIL
6 13 20 27 4 || 18 25 |
FIG. 112.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Somerset and Cumberland-Piedmont district, as reported
FIG. 113.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Fairmont, district, as reported by the district representative,
DjSTRIBUTION.
22°
:INNNNNNNNNNN! ：-） ） {
}SE;
Z（T） LZ）→（（（））
ĶDNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNI)
;&IÑIT .
ŽINI-， , ， .
14 2. 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 2. 28 4 iſ 18 25
$IÑITTB . . .
<！~4–Z –
ŹIŅÑIT . . .
ILLZ --V----¬z-
$INSSSSSSSSSSSNI-IT .
، ،ÑIT . .
•æº-~~~~）L）， ZOE
ĶLENNILLOOE. . . . .
§§-S\）\----
№–>----
§：SNN） ， !
ŽERSSEJ，
***īÑE`=
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 IO 17 24 31 7
:IŅI،
(44「・L–
FINIT·
`~!--Z –
ŠINNITT-çº，
（~~–V-
SINNI<>
ZZ-№-Y-Z-1°
¿№SQL）:
（~sae<==</SQ----
ȘIŅſ
7 4 11 18 25 ſ
6 3
TNOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
JUNE JULY AUGUST
tative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
MAY
APRIL
FIG. 114.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the northern Ohio district, as reported by the district represen-





























DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
105
DISTRIBUTION
>~~~~\>
2, 28 5 12
7-T-I-V-I.
~~SUTSTIVAL
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 T 14
6 13 20 27 4 || 18 25 |
DECEMBER JANUARY
NOVEMBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
JUNE JULY
MAY
AUGUST
t represen-
istric
, as reported by the
FIG. 115.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Southern Ohio district
, 1919, in cars.
to February 1
1918,
y
tative, by weeks, from April 6
ostribution
15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 2; 28 4 II 18 25
JUNE
ł3 20 27 4 iſ 18 25 ! .
ARRIL
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY
AUGUST
JULY
MAY
Fig. 116–Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the northeastern Kentucky district, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
21 28 4 11 - 18 25 1
OECEMBER JANUARY
||
16 23 30 T 14
NOVEMBER
FEBRUARY
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
AUGUST
JUNE JULY
MAY
APRIL
FIG. 117.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from Hazard, Ky., field as reported by the district representative, by
OfSTRIBUTION
ſ ≡ （ ）
Zºzº-ZŌ’-Ť
D） S
∞ºz-z-z-
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
U5,000
1,500
10,000
CARS
ſi： ， ANN）
L. IL） L（I）I）
| ſſ ） NNNNNNN！！！…
–||–|—~~~~）|-|----
| [[：（（NNNNNNNNI）:=
—īt-）t—t—t-T）
| UT-NNNNNNNN-E
Į–№）-L–
| HRT，OEINNNNNNNNNITE
–||–）（[-–||–||–
{{L_INNNNNNNLE
---!!—ſ：）--L–
TITRNNNNNNNDOEË
I-II–T–T–T-I-
IL （NNNNNN
T
I LINNNNNNNN
—II—I—
ſ （~~~~）_（NNNNNNNN
F-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º:
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 l
DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
NOVEMBER
JUNE JULY AUGUST
MAY
APRIL
FIG. 118.—Distribution of all-railshipments of bituminous coal from the Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker district, as reported by the
£
}
Ř
| Not classified
DISTRIBUTION
district representative, by weeks, from April 6,918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
„º-r）！=k）=
§<<<<<<=<!－-
ŚWIĘŻÈ， №r
CARS
10,000
DECEMBER JANUARY
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER
JUNE JULY AUGUST
|MAY
APRIL
FIG. 119.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Pocahontas and Tug River district, as reported by the
, in CarS.
to February 1, 1919
from April 6, 1918,
y
district representative, by weeks
Maryland and District of Columbia
Not classified
Tidewater
South Carolina
North Carolina
Michigan
DISTRIBUTION
9 16 23 30 7
NOVEMBER
10 IT 24 3 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 |
|| 18 25
14 21 28 4
DECEMBER JANUARY
FEBRUARY
ituminous coal from the New River field, West Virginia, as reported by the district
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
JUNE JULY AUGUST
MAY
APRIL
Fig. 120.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of b
, in Cars.
, to February 1, 1919
1918
by weeks, from April 6,
representative,












106
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
OlSTRIBUTION
11, 18 25
14 2. 28 4
DECEMBER ANUARY
November
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
15
JUNE
|MAY
121.—Distribution of all-railshipments of bituminous coal from the Southeastern Kentucky district, as reported 'by
FIG.
the district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
DISTRIBUTION
11 18 25
14 21 28 4
DECEMBER JANUARY
14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16, 23 30 7
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
8 15 22 29 6 (3 20, 27 3 O 17 24 31 7
:-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-
FEBRUARY
AUGUST
JUNE JULY
MAY
NOVEMBER
FIG. 122.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coalfields in Tennessee and Georgia, as reported
%
DISTRIBUTION
by the district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
8
}
*
-Rººm
ºut-sº
zº
gºzāz
% d ſº stº
TT. T. Tº
DECEMBER JANUARY
ſº
Ø:
r
3ºE
gºzº
E=S
ÉSzº
§§:
Nº.
14 21 28 4
º
º
-E-
3.
“ſ
ºf:S
*E*Sz.
ºf
22gº.
D...
--L-
L
r
Gº-
T ||
Sºis
S2s2
Sítá
- TT
14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7
º
ſº
2.
--> H
S
Sº
Sz
F-
rise-
†2t
L.
SE
[.
T
=2;
zºº
...
TT
$ſ，
º
2Sº
*S*
ºf:
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7
6 13 20 27 4 Il 18 25
FEBRUARY
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER
MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST
APRIL
123.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the southwestern Virginia and Clinch Valley districts,
FIG
as reported by the district representative by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
/
Not classified
Mississippi
| Louisiana.
4 Georgia
Alabama
Tidewater
Railroad Fuel
DISTRIBUTION
11 18 25 ſ
|
º
14 2ſ 28 4
DECEMBER JANUARY
A:ff
T
ſ ſ
|4 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
T
*
|
º
§-
|
NA_A:2.
m
（ſ
NOVEMBER
JUNE JULY AUGUST
MAY
APRIL
FIG. 124.—D
al from the coal fields in Alabama, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
istribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous co
DISTRIBUTION
8
ģ
|| 18 25 |
14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY REBRUARY
MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST
APRIL
±
Q
|-
~>
9:2 e
Or，
±=
��
ö•
uae
∞
9:2
•
§
SG
∞st
• •
ŚŃ' ！ .
`）>
Šī=`=
|18===NS
__№=º（OL）
Iſ==Szás）
، · · · ·* ，
==Šº）
—v| –
IŠĶEÑ· · · · · · ·
ź，
daeae，
ººººººº，）
14 21 28 5 (2 19 26 2 9 (6 23 30 7
…… &x=-E --
ĶEŇ
►►=~=
%EŇ' .
ſ-Z–\~1-------
ŒŒ=E8NNNNNNNN ... º
}}&！=––?S=
ZIZOEOEZ
[−−）-----
IĘ=NS__| `-
district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
،2
ĶEŇ ·
ØZOEZOE
Ëſ=}S}=... * *… ：-）
|-№=-7
FIG. 125.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the western Kentucky district, as reported by the
DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
NOVEMBER
ail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Indiana, as reported by the district
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST
126.-Distribution of all-r
APRIL
FIG.
representative, by Weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.


















































DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 3. 107
CARS
40,000
37,500 - •
sºsºs r º N
NTNTNTN d N
§§§§ * | º
#A ſº sº |||}|\ \
% º ż ż\ /s §§ N/2. Äs
% º ż żWº/NA （S/3 N/4 %NS
* % #%%\s;\ }{\ ||}}}#}\|\
In ºtºlº
titºſº || 44.4% Nº
º Fº §Tºº %\kſ tº 9%|| |S| ? %. 2 N
FSFN . &#####|Nº|| A \ſº
}Hºº-º-º-ºs-S-S-STS 3 & #_3\% 2%\S tº
H.H.E.A. §§§§ TITT º § 3 |###4% #
§ 3 & # 3 & TøT&Tø|| 3/3\%||3}}}\} </8 | &\ \%/*\s
- ºs- :- ||||||| % % % % #|| iſ Sº aſ § N º §§ º
| §§§
sº
ºi
- . - | | | | | | | | | | Distrigumon
w º | || - d . ... ". . . | Michigan
s - w º º - - - - º ~ w • *
º ' , Minnesota
t - . (ndiana
w & ſº - - d Ilfinois
- 5- - - - - - Railroad Fuel
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 8 J5 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 Y2 19 25 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 tº 18 25 1
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
. 127.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Illinois, as reported from the dis-
trict representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
3,750– aid [I. ſm sºft-is-
- a f III, ſillºſiº.
|
liiliili
"Te º zoº. Tº as , s is a 25 s is zoz. To Tz, a a z. z. s r. s as a s is a go a z. za u is as
APRIL. fMAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER (NOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 128.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Iowa, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
DISTRIBUTION
Not classified
1250 ‘L Nebraska
- ſºlº ſº; Leº -ºº-ººººººº smº Missouri
º f Nll - | *º-º-º-º-º: ſ r | kansas
T || || | T T . . . . 5 Railroad Fuel
6 13 20 27 4 iſ 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 44 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 in 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER f{OVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 129.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Missouri, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
5,000 TA/TN /*H*N º Ms º sº ~. º
\ſº |titiºn Nebraska
ſ w Missouri
it. Hiiiiiiiiili ºfo
6 is 2021 s iſ 18 25 8 is 22 29 6 is 20 2. 3 10 m 24 3 T 1, 2, 28 s 12 19 25 2 9 is 2s 30 is 2, 28 4 m is 25
APRIL (MAW JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TNOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 130,-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Kansas, as reported by the district
representative, by Weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.




































108 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
CARS
2500 OlSTRIBUTION
Not classified
Texas
1250 Arkansas
Kansas
S-rººt- s: º guºuſ-mºtif Missouri
* =l-º-º- = <-tº" sº I Railroad Fuel
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 Il 18 25 !
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY EEBRUARY
FIG. 131.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Arkansas, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars. -
DISTRIBUTION
Not classified
#
Oklahoma
- - - . Railroad Fuel
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 | 8 15 22 29 6 3 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 Il (8 25
APRIL. MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 132-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Oklahoma, as reported by the dis-
trict representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
=
Distribution
-º-º: sº S
:SEE.2%"|N: *::::::2'ſ Tº S:2::Sº
º ST Tiſº. #Sºº-º-º: =anspºrºs Texas
iſſiſſilſili
1|||| | | |"T T
6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 II is 25Th
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
Fig. 133.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Colorado, as reported by the district
representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
OISTRIBUTION
6 13 20 27 T3 10 17 24 31 7 14 2, 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 Il 18 25 1
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 134.—Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in New Mexico, as reported by the dis-
trict representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
SS
º
|
; :: *-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: º, z za Tis ZST
JULY .AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER. JANUARY REBRUARY
FIG. 135.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the southern Wyoming and Utah district, as report-
ed by the district representative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
OISTRIBUTION
Not classified
lowa
Washington
South Dakota
North Dakota
Nebraska
Montana
Wyoming
Railroad Fuel
O
20 27 3 10 17 24 31 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 2, 28 4 1, 18 25 1
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FE8RUARY
Fig. 136.-Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the Montana and northern Wyoming district, as
reported by the district representative, by weeks, from July 20, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.






























DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE. 109
CARS
DISTRIBUTION
Fillis N º Hillhºll º C Oregon
ifiſſii iſliii.
6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 [4 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 1, 18 25 !
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER MOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
Bº
IITTT
Ti Tii
FIG. 137–Distribution of all-rail shipments of bituminous coal from the coal fields in Washington, as reported by the district represent-
ative, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in Cars.
CARS
8,750
i A2
7,500. MT 2 %
- Sº ſº 2. % %
Ts'ºz É 3 *
6,250. N #4% =/ ſº 3%
º #4% º adā *Nà
5000 |% º |% #4%| ſº º %a º E||Nº|
%. 2 m/ 2 2 2. % º ż 2.
% # z & |\ |3 A% 3 2 2.
3,750. # % / : * \\ * 3 DISTRIBUTION
% º W. t | º r Not classified
ſ \ a *2; Indiana
2,500 - £4 % Ł illinois
Michigan
- - Wisconsin
1250 South Dakota
d North Dakota
| Minnesota
Railroad Fuel
613 20 27 4 iſ 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3TIO In 24 31TT 14 2. 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 1
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY fBBRUARY
Fig. 138.-Distribution of all-railshipments of bituminous coal from the distributing docks at the head of Lake Superior and on the West
bank of Lake Michigan, as reported by the district representative, by Weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in Cars.
O
6 13 20 27 4 fl 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 25 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 1
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY EEBRUARY
Fig. 139–Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Alabama, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives,
by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
2,500
SOURCE
12 Not Classified
Fairmont
** * a sº- º E::= Somersel, and Cumberland-Fiedmont
ºf Sºzº Sºrsº Sºerstºº a FE**E="sºº" sº-FT * Fºrssertsºeºerºeſºeºsºteºrºsm. Central Pennsylvania
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 l 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 2. 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 Il (8 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY EEBRUARY
TIG. 140.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Delaware, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives,
by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
SOURCE
Southwestern Virginia and Clinch Valley
Alabama
- †-R Tennessee
c - - --- .* - N Kentucky
6 13 20 27-4 1, 18 25 1 & 15 22 2s 6 13 20 ZīāTIOTZT3TTTTT25TFTS 257-5-15-25-35-7-77-77-25-a-T-TS-35-7
• APRIL |MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 141.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Georgia, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.





























































110 REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION
CARS
18750
17,500
16250
15000 kW.
T
13,150
12:500
Tl250
10000
8.150
7,500
6.250
5000
3,750
SOURCE
O.G * Not classified
Hazard, Kentucky
Pocahontas
* Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker
1,250 Northeastern Kentucky
Western Kentucky
- 3 -º *- º . • *- : * - - Indiana
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 ſ) ſl 24, 3ſ T 14 2. 287 S 12 19 26–2 3 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4
APRIL. MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 142.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Illinois, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
to COO
N
S
.
\
/ Nºſſº
º 2f 2 Z
ºf 24 ſº % º ż
8,750 º: 3Neſø A % £ 5- - -
º d º & º \N, ſº Nº.
*ślsº fiñºſºft ºft|Nº|Ná áſs '4 % A
Z §AES iii. \ ſº |W & % f* % º %\
6250 +%/š/º/TINS S. w Sh § & | %/N\% WA
ſtºº § jº
º ./ºil sº § N i NS %
5000 -º/A |\!\!\!
N
N
|
S Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker
Nodhorn Ohio
N Southern Ohio
Northeastern Kentucky
... Southeastern Kentucky
º
filliil Illii i. |
6 320 z < 1 is 25 8 is 229 6 is 20 2. 3 10 m 2, 3 T 1, 2, 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 is 23 30 T 14 2. 28 4 iſ 18 25
APRIL. |MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
Illinois
FIG. 143.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Indiana, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
weeks, from April 6, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
6000
3,750
#S. SOURCE
=::sº & Esº
5 Not classified
£6% ºf: \_/ſº Sº Indiana
ºf º t-ſº -w —sº ſº-º Wyoming
- . | | º Lake Docks
1250 * * =:: * * * * | | | | | || || ||lººk 3 * * | Illinois
| - ſ | | . | § ſ ſº | | - Wiscoigin
sºliºſ" * Wil/ . . . . . . . . . . .” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas
O ... Tº ** º D \ Z | ." . . . ." . . . . ." . . * . . . . . . . . ." sº * . ." .*. .." * * Jowa
6 13 20 27 4 || 18 25 | 8 15 2 3 |0 IT 24 31 T 14 5 12 3 30 7 14 21 28
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER |NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY EEBRUARY
Fig. 144.—Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Iowa, by producing district, as reported by the district representatives, by
& weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.









































































DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. 111
CARS
3,750
SOURCE
2,500
& Kanawha and Kenova-Thacker
zº Hazard, Kentucky
ſ:
&
3.
º
º
Northeastern Kentucky
FIG. 145.—Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Kentucky, by producing districts, as reported by the district
representatives, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
2500
SOURCE
Not Classified
1250 A. New River
R
5:...E.: SEEE ex-Jº #####|Näſſjº_º Fairmont Piedmonº
frºntin[1][IIf Initillinº Somersel, and Cumberland-
O | * ... * me tº ºr as * = ′ = -: * :- - - - - - - - - - - - ºr sº as wº -- T Connelsville
6 13 20 27 4 11 fö 25 || 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 IT 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 1
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRi IARY
Fig. 146.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Maryland and District of Columbia, by producing districts, as
reported by the district representatives, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
6230 ƺ -
N== Sº SOURCE
º º ''S.-- ſ ſ Not Cºcºod
5000 lº ######| || Fairmont
########3 } lifinois
iº § sº \ Hazard, Kentucky
3750 D Přiºr Pittsburgh, På and Panhaõdle, W. vo
| | §§§ Michigan
* Y. S.
| | mii New River
w - Pocahontas
2500 D I t Jº 1. [ | º N | º kanawha and Kenova-Thacker
2N-12S ºiſ; Nº. N ...:
Zºº & ZN. º ZN. º &
|250 *†. º:
º fºx. eastern
hiſ iſ ſillii Indiana
| -º-'Nill">ll-ºlly T \"H"H"sº-ſily YººH
| 8
# Lake Docks
6 13 20 27 4 || 18 25 l
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 147.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Michigan, by producling districts, as reported by the district
representatives, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
3,750
|
*|| || | 11||
illiſ |lillililllllliſilli-
6 13 20 27 4 ll *:- 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 in 24 3 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 2. 28 4 Il 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 148,-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Minnesota, by producing districts, as reported by the district
representatives, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
§
&
|SSS
NCumberland-Piedmont
& Connellsville
1250
Pittsburgh, Pa. and Panhandle, W.Y
| contral Pennstania
U westmoreland
- Northern PennsyMania
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 T 24 3 T 14, 21 28 5 12 19 25 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER OECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
Fig. 149–Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into New England, by producing districts, as reported by the district
representatives, by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
&e
§
§rºº A&sº sº º
s/ Sº ſ S º S \ Miº
s/ sº Nºrs
. . Sºº-ºº:: * : ***Sº AS3.
Illinºiſill
*E* sº *.*****: ||||||||||||||||||||| l r |
&S
S
4 T11 18 25 |
aft §:
g-º-º-º-º:
123976°–19—PT I—8











































































112
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Southwestern Virginia and Clinch Valley
ș
Ë
}
și
ſº
};
[…]
New River
& Pocahontas
Westmoreland, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Ligonio
Central Pennsylvania
Somerset, and Cumberland-Piedmont
Pittsburgh, Pa. and Panhandlo, W. Va.
Northern Pennsylvania
Northeastern Kentucky
Southeastern Kentucky
Not classiſted
Northern Ohio
Not classified
Vl Fairmont -
N Westmoreland, Latrobe, Greensburg, and Ligonier
New River
Connellsville
... Pocahontas
3 Kanawha and Konova-Thacker
Pairmont
Westmoreland, Latrobe, Greensburg, andLigonier
Central Pennsylvania
Somerset, and Cumberland-Piedmont
Pittsburgh, Pa. and Panhandle, W. Va.
Fairmont
| Northern Pennsylvania
Northern Pennsylvania
No! Cassified
Rothern Ohio
A Southern Ohio
SOURCE
FEBRUARY
Connellsville
ſuae
O
0x
2.~~
8
FEBRUARY
# =====
FEBRUARY
__ll_L-F===XXXXX&SNEI I-
=ą~~~~<4–1-D
|-№， ŠĶŠŇſ=ſ（Triº
）=–=====~~~~x~>=i-1
№=-）
Š&&&&&!SSÉ=}Tiº =
=E: IN ' +
ſ-SÈì.
=~）==ŒD
Eſ;JS
ſé–4L，LI
EŇ Ň
`=–``№，
=EŅINNNNNNNNI •
`S – №I.
$3 | NNNNNN &
----=，<Z
E#E8% INNNNNNNNNN， I S
！=#№
EŇ& IÑA
SQ
SSCIT
<──────────────────────<~w-
D=}ìs！
|5=EN&|SSSSN
º
, as reported by the district representatives,
by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
→
11 18 25
DECEMBER JANUARY
DECEMBER JAN
OECEMBER JANUARY
DECEMBER JANUA
districtS
№-№-EFE=R=&SĒ=-ſeſº
F=șOEīĒ№ JĒĻ~♥~TSQTS
№ D-（−）=E_SX&&žŠÑE=ÈTÌso
„№==<ae×Ê=}）;
，Et_R&2&&&&&&&&NOE==on
ſty）=z，----
E.， &&&&&NNNNNNNNN
●E، ،، ،EL.
IZLL） ===
→→→====*≡=========
،E_&&&&&&&SŇSE=I^-（
{{ZITE___ŠŒŽŠŇ
16
NOVEMBER
NovemSER
NOVEMBER
FIG. 153.−Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Ohio, by producing districts
2！=Żżèn-
}=→#:： S-
z—j
§§）.
NOVEMBER
LIIIT-
$ NNNNN！!
<áZººl-
Ñ&& !$NNNNNNNNNNN
>~~~~L-
NÄS INNNNNNNNNN
\\\\~\~
$ IŠŇ .
ŹŹQ
==#EÑ& IÑŅŇ
[−–!!--Lºl-
| ſ=#E=EN&|SN
& IN
№
Ñ& INNS
===，<sº
ĶNS__
a.!\.\，\：L
ES;&_NS :：
É=ść4$s=
$_[Ñ_ſe
={（ſLA： L-
t#EŇ IŠŇ
`=–ZZZ©-
=N&ŞS_HQ.
\–````）
EŅĒLĒS，
<=），~L
=N& IÑ
TH: ; Hi-Hº
6, 1918 to February 1, 1919, in cars.
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
XXIŠSĒ=ÝT
<！--~~~~）--S-I-
SĒŅĒ=I）
AUGUST
AUGUST
weeks, from April
AUGUST
AUGUST
by weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
S
JULY
JULY
JULY
JULY
JUNE
JUNE
FIG. 152.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into North Carolina, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives,
JUNE
JUNE
33;&&&&&
IEŞ， NNNNN
é=-{Z}，~l-
þ=}_{N_lºg
|5=EŘŠŅ_ſ =
`）-\\\\（[-.
E=ES: S_1 •
==–），~l-
EN: NSR
<--…：））/ZZZOET
EŞ8 IÑA
§–`D
! №t=t=#& SNS
”-）WW：№T
ÞES: SNS ! (o
$ $ $ $ $ $ º
MAY
o 27 4 iſ 18 25
MAY
MAY
3
APRIL
！=-===L （NOE
ĽOEZ| _（7）
·Z --~~~~）;
ŠSĒ=I-
∞ √æ√æ√S）<--<-
&&&&SSSSSSSSSSN=}T
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ º
tºs©wrſ∞�N，
APRIL
|
FIG. 150.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-railinto New Jersey, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
FIG. 151.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into New York, by producing
!
CARS
18,750
nºw.
15250
15,000
13,750
by weeks,
as reported by the district representatives,
from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.











































DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE. 113
º
| &
º sº º
13,150- N & & 3.
º º º
º jº sº º
3. Yº sº º
W § ſº º ºf .
º º § 3 ºn tº
12,500 § Yºr. Fº tº º º
- ſº Rºi º º º º º /
ºf nº lºº º º º & º:
º º & 23 ſº º º º
pº. º. 3 º º sº º
º º * º º: º G
Ž C 3. Ž º ºf QºS
º tº es 33 º sº
!) º º º sº
250- Đ ſº Sºſ 2: &
º ºg
º º § º
º º º
§: §
&
º
(0.000 §
87
*
|
-;sº
%
\
%2º
Nà
º
- | |
...!!! | Ø 2 %
Mºţāā)|\|\|%\!/º º
% º ż % % \} % º||% Z
|%-44% % ºf Ø #\|%\ %
* {4\! % º ż ż Wilſº % !
5250% % % #fffl|A ſº %) %
% % % % ||A £2 % %
Ø % #||\%|\%
%||\%
º
ſ
ſ
|
º
%
º *s
ſ
Not Classified
sº Connellsville
& Westmoreland, Labobe, Greensburg, andLigonia
Northern Pennsylvania
Fairmont
# Somerset, and Cumberland-Piedmont
º
%
ºº
º
%
%
#
|
- º Pittsburgh, Pa. and Panhandle, W. V.
5. T. D'T TD TTTTT Til IIT IITitº Central Pennsylvania &
6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 IT 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16, 23 30 7
APRIL. |MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY PEBRUARY
FIG. 154.—Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Pennsylvania, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
- weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
2500 SOURCE
Rol classified
250 | New River
- Pocahontas
gº & ºs-- Eºs = -
ºs sºº
º ~ S *" T * - « *
8 15 22 6 13 20 27 3 10 IT 24 31 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 il 18 25 1
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 155.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into South Carolina, by producing districts, as reported by district representatives, by
weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
Southeastern Kentucky
Southwesternyirginia and Clinch Valley
SOURCE
Not Classiſted
Tennessee
Southeastern Kentucky
Southwestern Virginia and Clinch Valby
| Western Kentucky
l
!
|
Illinois
a- *-***** -- * * * *mº ºm-º = . - sº
8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 to 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 || 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 156.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Tennessee, by producing districts, as reported by the district representative, by
g weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
6
2
7
4.
1)
|8
*;
5
CARS
$750
2500 - SOURCE
; - 52 Not Classified
2. New River
1250 . - Southwestern Virginia and Clinch Walley
- | Pocahontas
| Kanawha and Kenova-Thacket
0. III III: Ill Cuml } d-Pi | t
6 13 20 27 4 iſ 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 in 24 3 T 14 2, 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 Ti4 zl 28 4 Til 15-25T
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TNOVEMBER |DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY
FIG. 157.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Virginia, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.
CARS
8250 -
5,000 -
3,750 º N
f SN º /N
| SS N N ăşTS
2,500 - snRN SOURCE
.5 SN/ Not classified
£SºSºº o! classiſi
ſºft =St. ~ , || Kanawha and Konova-Thacke,
1,250 | | * : º | Western Kentucky
‘. . . . . . . . . . - - N Indiana
1|| | | . . ." º º | linois
. D º Lake Docks
.6 13 20 27 4 1, 18 25 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 3 T 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 T 14 21 28 4 Il 18 25
APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TNOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY PEBRUARY
FIG. 158.-Origin of bituminous coal shipped all-rail into Wisconsin, by producing districts, as reported by the district representatives, by
weeks, from April 6, 1918, to February 1, 1919, in cars.





































114
DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
REPORT OF
Coal-producing districts as established by United States Fuel Administration.

No. Field. State. Counties in districts.
1 | Central Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania.-----. Armstrong (only along the line of the Pittsburgh & Shawmut Railroad), Bed-
ford, Blair, Cambria, Cameron, Center, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk, Huntingdon,
Indiana (except the extreme Southwestern corner along the Pennsylvania
Railroad, which is district No. 2), Jefferson, McKean, Somerset (only north-
eastern corner along the Pennsylvania Railroad), Westmoreland (northern
- edge along the Pennsylvania Railroad as far west as Blairsville intersection).
2 | Western Pennsylvania north of |- - - - - do------------- Armstrong (except along the line of the Pittsburgh & Shawmut Railroad,
Pittsburgh. - which is district No. 1), Butler, Clarion, Indiana (only Southwestern corner
along the Pennsylvania Railroad), Mercer, Lawrence, Westmoreland (only
** along the Kiskiminetas River).
3 || Pittsburgh and Panhandle- - - - - - - - - - do------------- 'Allegheny, Beaver, Fayette (only extreme northwestern corner, including all
mines northwest of a line drawn from Banning to Brownsville), Greene,
- Washington, Westmoreland(only west of and along the Youghiogheny River).
West Virginia....... Brooke, Hancock, Marshall, Ohio. -
3a | Westmoreland. . . . . . . . . . . -| Pennsylvania------. Westmoreland º: these exceptions: Northern edge along the Pennsyl-
| vania Railroad as far west as Blairsville intersection, which is district No. 1;
along the Kiskiminetas River, which is district No. 2; west of and along the
Youghiogheny River, which is district No. 3; the southern part as far north
as Ruffsdale and the Mount Pleasant and Youngwood branches of the Penn-
Sylvania Railroad, which is district No. 3b; the southeastern corner along the
- Indian Creek ranch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, which is district No. 4).
3b | Connellsville--------------------|----- do------------- Fayette (with these exceptions: Extreme northwestern corner including all
& mines northwest of a line drawn from Banning to Brownsville, which is dis-
trict No. 3; the northeastern corner along the main line and the Indian
Creek branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, which is district No. 4).
Westmoreland (only Southern part as far north as Ruffsdale and the Mount
Pleasant and Youngwood branches of the Pennsylvania Railroad).
4 | Somerset and Cumberland- - - - - - do------------- Fayette (only the northeastern corner along the main line of the Baltimore &
Piedmont. Ohio Railroad as far west as Indian Creek and along the Indian Creek
branch), Somerset (except the northeastern corner along the Pennsylvania
Railroad, which is district No.1), Westmoreland (only the southeastern
corner along the Indian Creek branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.)
Maryland. . . . . Allegany, Garrett.
- West Virginia. . . . . . Grant, Mineral, Tucker.
5 | Fairmont. --------------------|-----do------------- Barbour, Braxton, Gilmer, Harrison, Lewis, Marion, Monongalia, Nicholas
(eastern part along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad only), Preston,
Randolph, Taylor, Upshur, Webster. s
6 | Eastern and central Ohio. . . . . . . Ohio--------------- Belmont, Carroll, Columbiana, Coshocton, Guernsey, Harrison, Jefferson,
Mahoning, Noble, Portage, Stark, Tuscarawas, Wayne.
6b | Michigan.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . Whole State. *
7 | Southern Ohio... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] Ohio... . . . . . . . . . . . . Athens, Gallia, Hocking, Jackson, Lawrence, Meigs, Monroe, Morgan, Mus-
- kingum, Perry, Sciota, Winton, Washington.
8a Big Sandy and Elkhorn. - - - - - -] Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . Boyd, Carter, Floyd, Johnson, Knott, Lawrence, Letcher.
8b | Hazard------------------------|----- do------------- Breathitt, Lee, Perry. *
9 || High Wolatile Fields of southern | West Virginia. . . . . . Boone, Clay, Fayette (only northwestern part, including all mines northwest
West Virginia. of a line drawn from Nest to Pax), Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, McDowell
(only northwestern corner along the Norfolk & Western Railroad from Pan-
ther north), Mingo Nicholas (only western part along the Chesapeake &
Ohio Railway and the Buffalo Creek & Gauley Railroad), Putnam, Wayne.
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . Martin, Pike. -
10a | New River and Winding Gulf. . . West Virginia. . . . . . Fayette (except northwestern part including all mines northwest of a line
- wn from Nest to Pax, which is district No. 9), Greenbrier, Raleigh, Wyo-
ming (except the Southeastern Section along the Virginian Railroad south of
Herndon, which is district No. 10b).
10b Tug River, Pocahontas, and . . . . . do------------ McDowell (except northwestern corner from Panther north along the Norfolk
Virginia anthracite. & Western Railway, which is district No. 9), Mercer, Wyoming (only south-
eastern corner along the Virginian Railroad south of but not including
Herndon).
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . Bland, Montgomery, Pulaski, Wyeth.
11 Cºlley and Southwestern |..... do------------- Buchanan, Lee, Dickinson, Russell, Tazewell, Wise.
Irginia.
12 | Southeastern Kentucky. . . . . . . . Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . Bell, Clay, Knox, Laurel, McCreary, Whitley.
Tennessee and Georgia.--------- Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . Whole State. -
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . Do.
13 || Alabama----------------------- Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . Do.
14 | Western Kentucky. ------------. Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . Butler, Caldwell, Christian, Davies, Henderson, Hopkins, McLean, Muhlen-
berg, Ohio, Union, Webster.
15 Indiana----------------------- Indiana------------. Whole State.
16 Illinois.------------------------| Illinois.-----------. Do.
17 | Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkan- |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All of these States.
sas, Texas, and Oklahoma.
18 Lake docks.-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Michigan and Lake Superior docks.
19 || Montana and northern Wyoming. Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . Whole State.
Wyoming....... . . . . Big Horn, Campbell, Converse, Crook, Fremont, Hot Springs, Johnson,
Natrona, Niabrara, Park, Sheridan, Washakie, Weston.
20 || Utah and Southern Wyoming....] Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whole State.
* | Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . Albany, Carbon, Goshen, Laramie, Lincoln, Platte, Sweetwater, Uinta.
21 Colorado-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . Whole State.
22 | New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico... . . . . . Do.
23 Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington. . . . . . . . . Do.

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
115
BUREAU OF STATE DISTRIBUTION.
The bureau of state distribution was organized on
April 19, 1918 with Mr. A. M. Ogle as director, for the
purpose of organizing and directing the work of dis-
tribution of bituminous coal and anthracite within the
States. These functions were carried out through the
State fuel administrators, and the work of the bureau
consisted very largely of correllating the activities of
the district representatives and State administrators.
The distribution program, described in full on pages
26–35, was largely the work of Mr. Ogle. The develop-
ment of the policy on preference, also described in
preceding pages of this report, as well as the active
administration of the preferences, were encompassed
by this bureau. It was largely through the efforts of
this bureau, both by the Washington and the field
personnel, that the organizations of many of the State
administrators were trained to carry their share of the
work and to relieve the Washington office of a mass of
detail that in the beginning overloaded the main office.
To attempt even a brief survey of the activities of
the bureau of State distribution would be to repeat
much of what has already been written regarding the
development of the detailed distribution program and
the preference policy and the many steps taken in
regulating the flow of coal so as to protect industry
as well as the domestic consumer.
BUREAU OF ANTHRACITE.
The anthracite division of the department of dis-
tribution was organized about October 20, 1917. At
this time there was no definite policy of distribution
and the distribution of anthracite was being carried
out as under normal conditions by the producers and
distributors of this fuel. The domestic sizes were
being shipped in about their usual proportions to the
various sections of the anthracite-consuming territory
of this country, which, in a general way, extended as
far west as Nebraska and Montana, and in the South
along the Atlantic seaboard to Florida. With the
advent of cold weather, about the middle of November,
acute shortages commenced to develop all over the
northeastern section of the country, due primarily to
largely increased demand by the public in general
and to increased population in centers where industrial
war activity was concentrated. In December this
demand was aggravated by extreme low temperatures
and heavy snow, and the production was decreased
for the same reasons. From the 1st of December
until the weather moderated, the latter part of Febru-
ary, it was simply a question of getting coal into com-
munities, as emergencies occurred, to take care of indi-
vidual cases. No opportunity was given to formulate
a definite plan of distribution. The coal mined be-
fore April 1 had been distributed as mined, and was
not available as a source upon which to draw after
December 1.
The anthracite division during this period consisted
of a director, two assistants, together with an office
force of eight clerks and stenographers. Beginning
with February 1, it was realized that some definite and
comprehensive plan must be formulated upon which
the distribution of the domestic sizes of anthracite
coal could be carried out during the coal year commenc-
ing April 1, 1918, to avoid the experiences of last winter. .
It was determined that the details of distribution
should be put in charge of a distributing committee.
The anthracite operators and distributors were
called together at a conference at which a brief out-
line of the suggested plan was laid before them. They
were asked to recommend three of their members who
could form the anthracite committee and take charge
of and carry out the distribution. They recommended
Mr. J. B. Dickson, of the firm of Dickson & Eddy; Mr.
W. H. Richards, president of the Philadelphia &
Reading Coal & Iron Co.; and Mr. S. D. Warriner,
president of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co., and
these three were appointed by the fuel administrator
as the anthracite committee, with headquarters in
Philadelphia, to supervise the distribution of domestic
anthracite coal.
The committee gathered from each operator and
producer his distribution by communities for the coal
year commencing with April 1, 1916. The figures
from some 16,000 communities were finally gotten
together, compiled alphabetically by States, and the
total anthracite shipped to each State for the 1916
coal year thereby determined.
Based on the experiences of the winter of 1917–18
it was realized that because of the great increase in
war industrial activity, and the difficulties of trans-
portation it would hardly be possible to do more than
move sufficient bituminous coal into that section of
this country comprising the New England States,
eastern New York State, eastern Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware, to keep the essential
war industries in operation, and that, therefore, if the
domestic consumer in this section was to be taken care
of, it must be done with anthracite coal.
After conference with the various State adminis-
trators the amount necessary to protect the minimum
domestic needs of the States in the section mentioned
above was determined. This was deducted from the
total expected production, which it was felt would not
exceed that of the coal year ending April 1, 1918. The
result of this deduction showed that in order to pro-
tect the needs of the northern Atlantic seaboard there
must be taken from the West and South approxi-
mately 50 per cent of the anthracite coal which the
West and South would normally use. This reduced
quantity was allowed to States in the West with
special regard to the availability of other fuels (bitumi-
nous coal and coke) and to the transportation prob-
lems involved in either the movement of the anthra-
116
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Ø
cite or of the other fuel to be substituted. The
Southern States of North and South Carolina, Georgia,
and Florida were entirely cut off, as were Missouri and
JNebraska. s
The requirements of the United States Government
for cantonments, forts, and other direct Government
uses were to be taken care of out of an allotment made
before the beginning of the coal year, and handled
entirely aside from the domestic coal uses. The
requisitions for the coal needed were made by the
Government direct, placed directly with the pro-
ducing companies and shipped by them directly on
Government account.
After the State allotments had been determined,
the Federal fuel administrator for each State was
furnished with a statement showing the shipments in
the 1916 coal year by communities, and was advised
as to the total allotment covering the present coal
year. It was for him to determine what changes from
the distribution in 1916 should be made; that is, the
State administrator was requested to state the com-
munities that could get along in 1918 with less coal
than they had in 1916 and what communities would
require increased amounts of domestic anthracite
coal, and how much, in 1918. The various State
administrators, after conferences with their county and
local committees, finally determined with the anthra-
cite committee on the exact amount of domestic
sizes of anthracite coal to move into each community
in their State to which they proposed to provide
anthracite as a domestic fuel. These figures were
furnished the producing or distributing companies
upon whom the community ordinarily depended for
its anthracite coal, and those sources of supply
forwarded the coal in proportionate increased or
decreased quantities as against their 1916 tonnages.
The plan of distribution as adopted involved the
basic principle that the State administrator had com-
plete and full charge of distribution within his State.
He could increase the allotment to any dealer or
community, at the same time advising from what
other community or communities the tonnage was to
be taken.
As showing the increased amount of work which
this plan of distribution entailed upon the anthracite
division in Washington, the following figures of total
communications received by the anthracite division,
and forwarded, are interesting:
Mail of the bureau of anthracite.
Total incoming
communi-
CationS.
Total outgoing
COmmuni-
Cations.
1918
April. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------------ 1,642 2, 542
May.--------------------------- - - - - - - - 2, 132 4,096
June. ---------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3, 551 5,063
July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5,743 5,706
The division increased to a director, two assistants,
and a clerical and stenographic force of 18.
As each month passed, the producing companies
reported to the anthracite committee the shipments
made by them to each community where they had an
obligation. The total to each community was entered
in the records of the anthracite committee and the
monthly progress of shipments into each and every
community thereby recorded. The general plan
involved the movement of coal in approximately 12
monthly installments, modified, of course, by the
necessity of completing the total allotment for move-
ment via the Great Lakes to the Lake Superior docks,
Lake Michigan docks, and Canadian water ports before
the close of December. The plan also contemplated
somewhat more than the monthly proportion to New
England, particularly for water deliveries. To offset
this increased monthly proportion for Lake shipment
and New England destinations, it was necessary to
limit shipments below the one-twelfth during the
spring and summer months into the States nearest
to the mines. This plan was successfully carried
through, and at the close of the Lake season on
December 1, the entire northwestern tonnage had been
forwarded, from the Lake Erie ports. All of the
Canadian water destinations had received their
allotments, and New England was substantially
ahead of the eight-twelfths, due on an equal division
that day. On the close of the Lake season, the ton-
nage which would normally move by Lake was
available for distribution into the territory nearer to
the mines.
In order to provide a quick remedy for any emergen-
cies which might occur where a small amount of coal
was required at once, the State administrators were
given the right to call on the anthracite committee for
shipment to them of emergency coal which the State
administrator could put into any community where
the need of few cars was immediate. To equalize dis-
tribution within the community, the State adminis-
trator could divert from one dealer who had perhaps
more than his share to another one who had less, and
he could also call upon the anthracite committee to
speed up the movement into communities which, for
some reason or other, were not receiving what they
should.
The production during October and November was
seriously interfered with by the influenza epidemic
which prevailed to an alarming extent in the mining
region. On the other hand, the mild weather of No-
vember and December cut down what would have been
the consumption with normal fall and winter weather,
and it is estimated that one about offset the other.
The emergency cases before the anthracite committee
on January 1 were limited to a very small number, the
orders being issued for the immediate shipment of coal
extremely few, and the whole situation in most ex-
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
117
cellent shape, proving that the plan was basically
Sound, that the allotments were sufficient, and that the
execution had been carried out successfully.
The plan was carried through as originally outlined,
with no change excepting in a few instances where
State administrators increased or decreased the allot-
ments to certain communities. The success in its
execution was due to the careful attention given to its
details by the anthracite committee.
There was a considerable tonnage of anthracite coal
required by essential war industries in some of their
NET TONS
3OOO,OOO
\
investigated before permit was issued. This abso-
lutely prevented the use by any industry of anthracite
coal needed by the domestic consumer until it had
been clearly shown that that industry was an essential
part of the war program and that certain of its manu-
facturing operations could not be carried on without
anthracite coal.
No control was exercised by the anthracite commit-
tee over the steam size of anthracite—buckwheat, rice,
and barley—which are only used to a slight extent for
domestic purposes.
2,500,000
\
\,
\
f
f
47
4
2,000,000
z
l|
W
\
1,500,000
l, OOO,OOO
5OO,OOO
;
;
;
i
:
;
:
;
s
:
:
;
g
-)
Fig. 159.-Production of Pennsylvania anthracite, by weeks, from April 1, 1917, to April 5, 1919.
manufacturing processes where only anthracite coal
would serve the purpose. Section 1 of the order of the
|United States fuel administrator of January 17, 1918,
specified a list of preferred consumers, which included
domestic consumers, hospitals, charitable institutions,
public utilities, etc. Until the demands of the pre-
ferred consumers were filled, no other consumer could
secure the domestic sizes of anthracite without special
permission. All the industrial requirements were
handled under these special permits, and no industry
could receive or use the domestic sizes of anthracite
without such a permit, and each one of these cases was
BUREAU OF STATISTICS.
The statistical work of the United States Fuel Ad-
ministration, like that of many other emergency gov-
ernmental agencies during the war, was not developed
along predetermined lines, but grew as the result of
almost day-to-day decisions taken to meet everchang-
ing conditions and demands. Information was of
course in demand by the executives from the very
beginning, but until policies were formulated and
definite organizations took shape there was little effort
to develop and use statistics, per se, as a means of
quantitative measure of the problems or of control of

II8
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
the situation. Certain basic data were available in the
older bureaus of the Government—in the Geological
Survey, production records in detail, and distribution
statistics, extending over a long period of time, to-
gether with the weekly reports of coal production be-
gun in June, 1917, for the committee on coal produc-
tion of the Council of National Defense; in the Federal
Trade Commission, the beginnings of a record of costs
of mining; and in the Bureau of Mines, analyses and
complete facilities for sampling and analyzing coal.
The administrative control of the coal industry in a
period of stress required much more in the way of cur-
rent reports than had ever been contemplated by the
older bureaus. As policies were formulated by the
staff to solve the problems of this control, the demands
for information furnished the incentive and purpose
of the statistical work.
The information called for was of two general kinds.
The first required broad general data covering such
features as the productive capacity of the coal mines
and the requirements of the country, data for the
determination of a budget and a zone system, the
supply of labor, the factors affecting and limiting the
production and distribution of coal, and all other such
data as were required as bases for Outlining policy.
The second type of data was operating reports—daily
and weekly reports of a kind to show in detail how the
programs were being met. These reports were for the
most part maintained in close touch with the operating
sections of the administration, as, for instance, the
daily and weekly reports of all features of the Lake coal
movement which were maintained in cooperation with
the section on Lake and Canadian coal. Recognition
of these two lines of statistical effort and of the general
principle that the statistical organization should not
be an operating office was delayed until after the
operating organization was fully developed early in
1918.
The pressing problem in the fall of 1917 was to find
coal to meet the urgent demands of those consumers,
domestic, public utility, industrial, and railroad, who
really needed help or who were fearful of running out
of coal. At first the requests for assistance were few,
but as winter came on many who feared a shortage
of fuel at their plants, or who complained of the failure
of producers to ship, turned to the newly created Fuel
Administration for help.
Men with experience in the distribution of coal were
called in, whose intimate knowledge of affairs in local
areas enabled them to take care of the few difficulties
first encountered. But when each had exhausted the
possibility of his personal acquaintenance, when his
company and those companies with which he was
familiar had been called upon to ship in these emer-
gencies all the coal they could spare from their own
trade, it became necessary to obtain information
regarding free coal from other sources. To meet this
need a “fuel supplies department” was organized and
the operators were called upon to submit reports on
their contract requirements and capacity and produc-
tion of their mines.
It was the duty of the fuel supplies department, later
designated the “statistical department,” to assemble,
examine, and file the reports furnished in response to
this demand, and to inform the members of the admin-
istration what coal-producing companies were pro-
ducing coal in excess of their contractual requirements.
The reports of each company, whether producer or
jobber, were examined, and the contracts as reported
were reduced to monthly rates of required delivery
and compared with monthly rate of production. If
the average monthly rate of production exceeded the
calculated contracted obligations against this pro-
duction, the difference was assumed to be “free” coal
and subject to the disposition of the Fuel Administra-
tion to meet emergency needs.
Difficulty was early encountered in applying this
method of distributing coal. But a small proportion
of the output was found to be theoretically free coal.
The theoretically free coal was not always free; the
same coal was often simultaneously ordered to more
than one consumer by different authorities; allot-
ments placed pro rata among the mines for such gen-
erally recognized prior needs, as the railroads, shipping
board, and Navy, resulted in throwing out of adjust-
ment the contracted Source of supply of many con-
sumers; and the lack of adequate administrative con-
trol in Washington prevented coordination of effort
and correction of errors in detail.
It was the duty of the statistical department in this
period, namely, from October, 1917, to January, 1918,
inclusive, to furnish information as to what companies
and mines should be called upon to supply coal for
emergency needs, to record the orders placed, and
ascertain, record, and report on the performance of
the shippers on these orders. The records of this
type are incomplete, but the following will indicate
in a measure the extent of these activities:
Orders for the shipment of bituminous coal issued by the Washington
office of the Fuel Administration, as recorded in the Statistical De-
partment between Nov. 2, 1917, and Feb. 16, 1918.
Number of orders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 976
Number of coal shippers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 784
Number of consignees:
United States Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
United States Shipping Board... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Public utilities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Hospitals, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Industrials... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Retail dealers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Total.------------------------------------- 842
Cooperation with the United States Geological Sur-
vey in the matter of statistics was effected by an
agreement entered into on October 15, 1917, by which
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
119
the records and trained personnel of that bureau were
made completely available. The agreement was ex-
pressed as follows:
To facilitate the work of the United States Fuel Administration,
and in line with the policy of utilizing to the fullest extent in this
work existing governmental agencies, the United States Geological
Survey will collect, assemble, and record for the Fuel Administra-
tion all necessary statistics of production, distribution, and con-
sumption of coal and coke; will keep the necessary records, by mines
of coal and coke under contract, under order, and free; and will
advise the Fuel Administration where suitable coal or coke may be
available to be applied on emergency needs and will furnish other
information. Through this cooperation unnecessary duplication
of requests on producers, distributors, and consumers for data is
eliminated, and full advantage is had of the going organization in
the Geological Survey under Mr. C. E. Lesher and his associates,
and of the records and facilities for handling statistical investiga-
tions possessed by that bureau as a result of years of experience in
this special line.
The Fuel Administration will assume the additional expense
necessary to enable the Geological Survey to meet the demands of
the situation, thus supplementing the work already in progress.
The following extracts from instructions given the
statistical department shortly after this date indicate
the needs and purposes of the administration with
respect to distribution in the earlier period of its
activities:
* * * To obtain information on production, contracts, free
coal * * * to ascertain as quickly as possible the quantity of
free coal available by individual companies.
* * * To obtain information at once from manufacturing
plants as to quantity of coal on hand and extent of monthly re-
quirements. * * * Some plants have sufficient coal to run them
several months and are continuing to add to their surplus. Ship-
ments will be suspended to such plants, thereby adding to the free
coal available without interfering with other obligations.
By having copies of shipping notices sent to indicate
compliance with these orders it was attempted to
ascertain the results of this system of distributing
coal. The data compiled from the reports made
indicated that aside from the railroad priority orders
that were self-administering, and the allotments for
the Shipping Board and the Navy, shipments were
never made on more than 10 per cent of the many
orders given. The reasons for the failure of this
method of distributing coal were many and were
recognized at the time, though for a long time no
better way was devised or tried. There were more
cars of coal being called for than there were cars being
produced and shipped. Every call received was
treated by itself, few if any applicants were positively
refused assistance, and each of 20 or more assistants
in the Washington office were daily and nightly sending
out formal orders to shippers directing coal to con-
sumers who had applied, or were “requesting” ship-
pers to ship coal to this and that consignee, either on
a contract or as free coal. In some instances orders
were placed for more coal than the shipper was pro-
ducing; in many instances, to fill an order of the
administration, coal was diverted from a consumer,
who at once appealed for assistance, necessitating
additional orders with other shippers. There was no
one to determine the preference between consumers,
particularly industrials, and having to choose between
filling an order from the administration and taking
care of regular customers, many shippers ignored the
order, judging that the trade being supplied was as
important as that covered by the order. Some may
have ignored orders because they were shipping on
contracts at prices above the Government price at
which requisitioned coal must be consigned.
The pursuit of free coal and the consequent demands
on the statistical department lessened during the win-
ter, not so much because emergency requests were less
as because this method of meeting those requests were
not effective. Early in December the failure of this
method of distributing coal was recognized by the ad-
ministration as complete, and a considerable portion
of the efforts of those connected with the statistical
work was directed toward developing more effective
methods and organization. The board of directors
of the National Coal Association rendered active
assistance in this task and a corps of commerical
engineers from the American Telephone & Telegraph
Co. engaged in studying the organization of the Fuel
Administration joined in the work the latter part of
December. The first important decision reached was
for the decentralization of the direction of the details
of distribution and for the setting up of offices in the
coal fields to administer these details, which pre-
viously had been handled in the Washington office.
The organization of the field offices, known as the
district representatives' offices, was conducted by the
bureau of statistics."
The organization program in process of formation in
January, 1918, called for definite statistics of distribu-
tion of coal during the previous year as a basis for a
detailed budget and as a means of testing out the pro-
posed bituminous coal zones. From the 1st of Janu-
ary to April, 1918, the entire efforts of those engaged
in the statistical work of the Fuel Administration were
directed toward the completion of the field organiza-
tion, the determination of the budget, the outlining of
the zones, the completion of the statistical record of
production and distribution in 1917, the compilation
of the weekly reports on production, and the comple-
tion of the records of consumption in 1917.
As the distribution program of the Fuel Adminis-
tration was developed new problems in statistics and
in organization were presented. The distribution
program contemplated a control regulated by the
budget and policed by the zone embargoes. The dis-
trict representatives in the coal fields were to report
weekly on the distribution of their coal, and thus a
constant check could be had on the shipments com-
1 The designation of bureau was not officially given for about a year after the work
was begun and until after the personnel represented one-fourth of the total in the
Washington office.
120
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
pared with the budget for States as units. But this
record, even though 100 per cent complete, was insuf-
ficient because it afforded no check on the accuracy
of the budget and because it gave no information as
to whether the coal received within a State was being
equally distributed to the individual consumers of
that State. A check upon the budget was necessary
because otherwise shipments from all districts to all
States on a given date might equal the budget, but in
one State consumers might have received sufficient
coal for current use and have accumulated 10 weeks'
stocks, while in other States similarly situated but
two weeks' stocks might have been built up, indicat-
ing that the budget for the first State was too high in
proportion to the others. The only possible way by
which to determine the accuracy of the budget was to
obtain records of stocks and to do that a system of
weekly reports from the consumers was inaugurated.
These weekly reports were prepared in duplicate, one
copy being forwarded to Washington and the other
to the State administrator concerned, and by means
of the copies received by the State administrators
these officials were able to equalize distribution within
their territories by requesting district representatives
to embargo consumers with unreasonably large stocks
and to divert the tonnage to more needy consumers.
The development of this system of weekly reports
so necessary to the successful fulfillment of the distri-
bution program was admittedly the largest task
assumed by the Fuel Administration, and because of
the time limitations imposed as well as the size of the
enterprise it was as difficult as any similar piece of
work attempted by any of the emergency war bureaus.
The information contained in these reports had to be
compiled weekly by States, which involved the tabu-
lation of preliminary, revised, and final reports each
week from the individual reports of nearly 90,000 cor-
respondents. In the short space of six weeks the
organization had to be planned and the personnel
acquired and trained to handle the work in the office,
the necessary machinery had to be ordered and in-
stalled, and cards and forms had to be designed,
ordered, and printed.
Reports on five items were required weekly from
consumers, and six items from retail dealers, with
respect to bituminous coal and anthracite and coke
combined. From industrials the items asked were:
(1) Requirements, (2) stocks at the beginning of the
week, (3) receipts during the week, (4) consumption
during the week, and (5) stocks at the end of the week.
Items 2 plus 3, less 4, should equal 5, if stock shrinkage
and losses be considered a part of the consumption.
The greatest difficulty, recognized at the beginning,
was that the data necessary for the reports were not
kept by more than one out of ten of those who must
furnish them. The shortcomings of the work in the
first two months of its operation (July and August,
1918) were almost entirely due to the inaccuracies of
the original reports submitted, inaccuracies not so
much due to the carelessness or the indifference of
those reporting as to the fact that a surprisingly large
number of coal consumers do not ordinarily maintain
records of the nature of those called for. The only
real record ordinarily kept by a majority of the
Smaller industrial plants is that of the receipts, the
weight of coal delivered. The coal burned is not
weighed, and statements of quantities in stock are
but approximations. Education of the consumer was
undertaken on a large scale, explicit instructions were
repeatedly furnished, “Cautions” and “Don’ts” were
mailed out by the thousands, but reports continued
to be received in pounds and bushels instead of in
tons, or in part in pounds and in part in tons; yearly
requirements were given instead of weekly; con-
Sumption figures were pyramided from week to week;
and stock figures were revised without giving notice.
After a few strenuous weeks the work was so organized
and the reports so improved that the tabulations fully
met the needs, both as to promptness and complete-
ness, of those directing the distribution of coal. The
weekly tabulations represented nearly 90 per cent of
the total bituminous coal going to industries, public
utilities, and retail dealers, the lacking 10 per cent
being largely, if not entirely, very small users, and
therefore afforded a safe record on which to have
administrative action.
LETTER TO COAL CONSUMER.
The cooperation of the coal consumer was solicited in a com-
munication issued June 12, as follows:
“MR. CoAL CONSUMER:
“You want to win this war; you are the man that must help to win.
“Your help is vitally important now in this particular direction—
that of helping with the proper distribution and conservation of
the country’s coal supply.
“The Fuel Administration at Washington is charged with the
responsibility of making equitable and efficient distribution of
this supply. To accomplish this result, a complete and compre-
hensive program for the distribution of coal during the coming year
has been adopted and went into effect June 10. This program
provides for the recording and classifying of coal consumers, except
domestic consumers, under the following groups:
“(a) Railroads.
“(b) Army and Navy, together with all other departments of the
Federal Government. -
“(c) State and county departments and institutions.
“(d) Public utilities.
“(e) Retail dealers.
“(f) Manufacturing plants on War Industries Board’s preference
list.
“(g) Manufacturing plants not on War Industries Board’s pref-
erence list.
“Full authority and responsibility for determining preference
and priorities as between these groups have been conferred upon
the War Industries Board by the President. The Fuel Adminis-
tration will be governed by the directions of that board in such
matters. If you think that you are entitled to preferred classifica-
tion, write Mr. H. G. Phillips, secretary priorities board of the War
Industries Board for a preference application blank.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
121
“You have already been recorded as a coal consumer by the
Fuel Administration, and the Federal fuel administrator for your
State will place you in the proper classification, in accordance with
advices which the Fuel Administration receives from the War
Industries Board from time to time.
“Beginning immediately, we ask you to make weekly reports
in duplicate in regard to your coal situation, one copy going to the
statistical division of the fuel administration at Washington and
the other copy to the local office of the Fuel Administration to
which the card is addressed. Postal card form (initial supply of
which you will find attached), on which these reports are to be
made, will be furnished you from Washington. It is vital that you
make these reports promptly and accurately each week in order that
coal may be distributed in such a manner that there will be no
interruption of war industries so long as the war continues, and it
will be impossible for us to respond effectively to emergency
requests for assistance unless we have full and complete data on
hand at all times in relation to the coal situation in all parts of the
country.
“For this reason, all State fuel administrators, as well as the dis-
trict representatives, have been advised to give assistance only to
those consumers whose reports are being made out accurately and
sent in promptly.
“Inspectors are being appointed who will cover the entire coun-
try and who will send reports to us in regard to your methods of
operation and your stock of coal which you have on hand. See that
your coal is used economically and to the best advantage. Make
out your weekly report accurately. Do not guess at the stock which
you have on hand. Keep copies of reports which you send us so
that you will have a complete list at the end of the year.
“If you receive your coal from more than one producing field,
show on your report the order of importance of fields from which
you receive your supply, giving first that producing field upon
which you principally depend, etc. To assist you in doing this,
we are making arrangements to have all coal invoices stamped with
the number of the producing field in which the coal originated.
“Do not call upon a State fuel administrator for assistance until
you have made every possible effort to take care of yourself through
your usual and normal channels. In cases where you are unable
to get results by communicating directly with your coal shipper,
you can make an appeal to your State or local fuel administrator,
advising him at the same time of the name or names of the Shippers,
the number of the producing districts in which they are located,
and whether you are receiving coal on contract or under current
orders. :
“The distribution department of the fuel administration is now
organized to carry out the new distribution program effectively.
We are prepared to cooperate with you at all times and to accom-
plish the main purpose for which we are all now working—to keep
the war industries of the country going at top speed. We count on
your cooperation to accomplish this result.
“Yours, very truly,
“UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION,
“DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.”
Just as the tabulations by States and industries
gave a means of comparison between these larger
units with which the distribution division in Washing-
ton was primarily concerned, so did the duplicate
copies of the weekly reports which were supplied
direct to the State administrators give those officers a
measure of comparison between individuals within
their respective States.
To summarize, the weekly operating reports pre-
pared by the bureau of statistics in 1918 covered pro-
duction of coal and coke by districts with percentages
tribution of shipments in detail not only from the
originating fields but also from tidewater, and from
Lake docks, both upper and lower; the coal consump-
tion and stocks of industrials, with separate reports
and tabulations of the by-products coke and steel
industries, gas utilities, electric power plants, the
railroads, the Army and the Navy, and retail coal
dealers. This work involved the examination and
calculation weekly of the reports of production and
hours of operation from more than 6,000 mines sub-
mitted through the district representatives; the com-
pilation in several ways of reports of distribution
received in preliminary form daily, weekly, and monthly
from the district representatives, the Tidewater Coal
Exchange, the Lake Ore and Coal Exchange, and the
Railroad Administration; the tabulation of daily,
weekly, and monthly reports from all railroads origi-
nating shipments of coal; and the receiving, editing,
and tabulating of weekly reports of coal consumption
and stocks from about 90,000 consumers and retail
dealers. -
The work of the bureau of statistics was not con-
fined, however, to the mere acquisition and tabulation
of statistics. The outlines of the zones and sub-
sequent modifications and revisions of the budget
were originated by the bureau, and it was also called
upon to analyze the data and make recommendations
of ways and means for solving problems and for meet-
ing emergencies.
ORGANIZATION AND METHODS OF WORK.
Three distinct phases of the work of the bureau of
statistics were recognized—to acquire, to organize,
and to interpret data. The administrative function
of planning and directing the bureau was set apart
from doing the work; the organization was of the
functional type and the administrative control dele-
gated to a planning section responsible to the director
and charged with planning where, when, and how
each operation was to be executed, furnishing the
necessary personnel, equipment and supplies, super-
vising all activities, keeping records of the work
accumulated, started and finished, and the efficiency
and speed of the workers, conducting time and labor
studies, and introducing new methods as fast as experi-
ments showed them to be improvements.
The planning section, through the various section
heads and supervisors, acquired and organized the
data. The duty of interpretation was delegated
largely to the assistant director. Those compiling
the data were responsible directly to the director on
all matters of statistical methods and results. The
director and assistant director represented the bureau
in conference with other bureaus and the Fuel Ad-
ministration in matters of statistical nature with other
governmental agencies. The organization as it related
to administrative control is indicated on the follow-
of full-time operation and losses by causes; the dis- ing chart.

§
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL CHART of THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS.
&
|
IDIRECTOR,
C. E. Lesher.
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR.
Wayne P. Ellis.
PLANNING SECTION.
W. T. Thom, instructions.
R. C. Snow, records.
C. T. §. personnel.
J. D. McTighe, supplies.
|
|
{
Benjamin Robin.
Typing, duplicating, draft-
ing, correspondence, etc.
|
T
WEEKLY REPORTS OF CON-
SUMPTION AND STOCKS.
Railroad fuel statis-
tics
Canadian shipments.
|
Lake shipments.
|
Tidewater ship-
ments.
-—
Special reports.
By-product coke
* steel indus-
ry.
ADDRESSOGRAPH.
|
ANNUAL STATISTICS OF
* FINAL COMPILATION
AND PRESENTATION
OF DATA.
|
MANAGER. .
MANAGER.
William M. J. Lewis.
Distribution statis-
tics—States, rail-
roads, tide, Lake.
reports.
Pºly production
and distribution
MANAGER.
Adreon Futterer.
|
MECHANICAL TABULATION.
MANAGER.
J. W. Colley.
Mails, files, records, and corres-
pondence.
|
Incoming mail, sorting, coding, and
distribution. .
Letter-mail distribution.
|
Directory files. Correspondence.
Directory revision. Letter files.
Check-in files. Outgoing mail.
MANAGER.
Charles F. Smith.
–
| —l
sorting and tabu- Filing.
ating. -
Editing.
Card punching. -

DISTRIBUTION OF
COAL AND CORE. 123
IMETHOD OF COLLECTING DAILY AND WEEKLY STATISTICS OF
PRODUCTION.
Prior to the organization of the office of district
representative, weekly reports of production and work-
ing time were obtained through the local secretaries of
coal operators' associations, where such existed, or
from the operators direct. As each district repre-
sentative was installed, the duty of collecting the
reports was delegated to the field office. The results
were transmitted to Washington in detail. Weekly
estimates of production were made from reports of
cars of coal loaded, as reported through the car service
section of the United States Railroad Administration.
Railroads originating about 60 per cent of the bitu-
ments into each State from all districts, as well as total
movement of coal to tide and Lakes and to the rail-
roads for fuel from all districts. The tabulation was
handled in a manner corresponding to a double entry
set of books, the consuming State credited and the
producing district debited with the week's shipments.
The opposite entries in each ledger account were the
budget figures. The results were shown in table and
diagram for each week and accumulated for the coal
year (from Apr. 1) to date. Distribution of tide-
water, Lake, Canadian, and railroad fuel shipments
were treated in the same manner. Special tabulations
of the New England, the Lake, and the Canadian situa-
tions were maintained.

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1917
ocT NOW DEC, JAN FEB N/ARAPR MAY JUNEJULY AUG, SEPT oct NOW DEC. º , FEB. MARAPR NAAY JUNE
1918
FIG. 160,-Diagram showing the number of employees in the bureau of statistics from beginning to end of its activities.
minous coal produced sent telegrams daily direct to
the bureau, giving cars loaded and consigned to
different markets. From these telegraphic returns
estimates of total production were made daily and
were available on the second morning.
METHOD OF OBTAINING AND COMPILING DISTRIBUTION STATISTICS.
The district representatives received daily advices
from shippers of the number of cars of coal consigned
to each State and Canada, to railroads (by roads) for
fuel, to tidewater, and to the Lakes. Beginning in
August, 1918, these reports of all-rail shipments to
States were further amplified to show the class of con-
signee divided as between Federal Government, State
and county institutions, public utilities, retail dealers,
industrial plants on the preference list, and other in-
dustrials. The district representatives compiled these
daily reports into weekly summaries, which were, in
turn, summarized in the bureau to show total ship-
METHOD OF HANDLING WIEEELY REPORTS of CONSUMPTION AND
STOCKS OF COAL.
The first step in this work was assembling the list,
which at the beginning comprised approximately
42,000 industrials (those consuming 100 tons or more
of coal a year); 38,000 retail coal dealers; 7,800 elec-
trical public utilities; 1,000 gas companies; and a
special list of about 300 plants in the iron and steel
industry. Each name was coded for the general class
by letters, as “TC” for industrials, “CD” for coal
dealers, was given a serial number the first two digits
of which designated the State, a code number for the
industry, and another for the city or county location
within the State. The names and addresses and code
numerals for the entire list were put on metal ad-
dressograph stencils, from which envelopes and cards
were run off on the addressograph machines, and
mailed. The stencil was printed on each card fur-
nished in order that on return no further coding, except
124
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
as to date, would be necessary. The lists were revised
and corrected constantly from information from the
concerns reporting, and from lists of consignees
furnished by the district representatives, State ad-
ministrators, and the War Industries Board.
The planning section supervised all operations by
direct personal oversight and by a system of reports
which flowed almost automatically to the planning
section as each operation was completed. On a work
progress board, 12 feet long by 4 feet high, in the office
of the planning section the situation in each part of
the office at all times was indicated. Vertical and
horizontal lines divided the board into sections 3
inches by 1 inch. The columns were headed by the
States of the Union and the horizontal lines repre-
sented the different operations in handling the weekly
report cards. These sections contained holes into
which numbered pins were inserted as the work ad-
vanced. Numbered route tickets bearing a coupon
for each operation accompanied the reports through
the office, and at the completion of an operation the
proper coupon was removed and sent to the planning
section where the board was changed accordingly. A
crowded display of pegs at a single level of the board
indicated a congestion of work at that operation and
additional clerks were promptly assigned to this work.
Because of the importance of completing the tabula-
tions with dispatch such operation was given a time
schedule. A congestion of work under the circum-
stances was serious, because all employees beyond the
point of congestion would subsequently be without
work and the schedule of tabulation delayed.
The mail was received four times daily from the
incoming mail room of the Fuel Administration, and
after separating the envelope mail from the card re-
ports the following operations took place:
1. The cards were sorted by weeks. Some concerns were very
tardy in reporting and a single mail frequently contained reports
for more than one week. As the tabulations were made by weeks,
it was of course necessary to Separate the cards accordingly, and that
was the first operation.
2. The weeks of the coal year had been assigned consecutive
numbers, from 1 to 52, the week ended April 6, 1918, being num-
bered 1. The proper week numbers were next indicated on the
cards. This was originally done by hand and required five persons
working half a day. A stamp-canceling machine, equipped with
special dies, was subsequently installed and accomplished the same
work in 20 minutes, daily, with the added advantage of affording
an exact count of the cards handled.
3. The cards were then Sorted, by States. This was first done
by examining the two initial numbers of the serial numbers assigned
to the consumers and dealers, but later by having large code figures
printed on the face of the cards. After the cards had been sorted,
by weeks and States, they were stored in a file until the day Sched-
uled for the next operation.
When the work was inaugurated the postcards as received were
passed from the Sorters to the checkers and on through the other
operations. It was Soon found that when the preliminary tabula-
tions were made they represented less than 40 per cent of the total
reports received, the others being in the course of work among the
earlier operations. A schedule of work was therefore decided upon
) which determined the order in which the reports from different
States should pass through the different operations, due allowance,
of course, being made for the length of time required for mail to
reach Washington from different points and for the different numbers
of reports to be expected from the different States, each day's
schedule approximating one-sixth of the total mailing list. The
foregoing copy of this schedule indicates the grouping used and the
time consumed in the different processes. -
4. The cards which had accumulated in the storage file were re-
moved on the day scheduled for Sorting and were Segregated accord-
ing to types of industry, as electric utilities, gas plants, industrials,
and coal dealers.
5. The cards for each group were arranged in order according to
the serial numbers on the cards. This work was at first done by
throwing the cards into innumerable piles, according to the third
and fourth digits of the serial number, and then arranging them by
hand according to the final digits. Later, vertical Sorting cabinets
were installed, consisting of 10 numbered pigeonholes, into which
the cards were thrown according to each digit in turn. It was
found that this increased the speed with which the work was done
and was less of a strain on the workers. Experiments were made
which disclosed the interesting fact that a Sorting cabinet 28 inches
from the floor increased the efficiency of the workers.
6. When the report cards for a certain State, week, and type of
indus ry were sorted consecutively, according to the serial num-
bers, a route card was attached and the cards were then passed to
the checkers. This route card consisted of detachable coupons.
All the coupons bore the same job number, so that when returned to
the planning section they might be readily identified as the basis
for moving the pins on the work-progress board. Each coupon
showed the number of cards in the lot (determined by measuring
the thickness of the pack) and the State, week, and type of industry
covered. An additional Space was provided for the initials of the
clerk completing an Operation, So that responsibility for errors
might be quickly determined, and also so that the amount of work
completed by different workers at the same operation could be
established as a basis for efficiency ratings.
Provision was also made on the route card so that the upper
left-hand corner could be removed and be attached to the pins
used on the work-progress board. This corner of the route card
contained the job number and a notation of the number of cards.
437
#. Route card for weekly reports.
Operation CBB.
Sorted by 17. Date, December 18. Week No. 37. List, I. C.
State, Ohio. Quantity, 250. Upon completion of sorting, this
route card is to be attached to package of cards, first filling in facts
above, and week, list, and State below. This section is then to be
detached and sent to planning department. Cards then pass to
operation CBC. Sec. 1. -
Job No. 437. Operation CCA.
Cards for checking are passed from CBC. Week No. 37. List,
I. C. Quantity, 250. State, Ohio. Checker No. 31. Upon com-
ple’ion of checkºng, checker signs above and passes cards to CDA.
CDA detaches the Section of route card, sends it to planning depart-
ment; cards pass to operation CDA. Sec. 2.
Job No. 437. Operation CDC.
Cards for editing are passed from CDB. Week No. 37. List,
I. C. Quantity, 250. State, Ohio. Editor No. 19. Upon com-
pletion of editing, editor signs above and passes cards to CDF.
CDF detaches this section of route card, sends it to planning de-
partment; cards pass to operation CEA. Sec. 3.
Job No. 437. Operation CEB.
Cards for punching are passed from CEA. Week No. 37. List,
I. C. Quantity, 250. State, Ohio. Puncher No. 43. Upon com-
pletion of punching, puncher signs above and passes cards to CEC.
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
125
After verification, CEC sends this to planning department. Cards
go to CDD. Sec. 4.
[Route card for report cards, consisting of four detachable coupons, which Were
removed and signed upon the completion of each major operation. The coupons
were sent the planning section each day.] -
The first coupon was removed and sent to the planning section
and the ticket attached to the pack.
7. Report cards, sorted by States, week, and type of industry,
were passed from the sorters to the checkers, where those concerns
who had responded were recorded on the check cards. Each
check card contained a stencil impression and 52. Spaces for the
weeks of the year. Those check cards for which corresponding
report cards had arrived on time received a check in blue pencil
in the block containing the code number of the appropriate week.
Those reports for previous weeks which arrived late had a red
check placed in the proper space on the check cards.
A proof list was used for the purpose of checking during the early
stages of this operation, but it was found that check cards were
much more serviceable and permitted a complete record of the
arrival of reports. By means of the check cards, concerns habitu-
ally prompt could be readily identified by the preponderance of
blue checks, while those habitually slow showed many checks in
red.
8. The check cards were filed numerically, according to the
serial numbers, and since the report cards were arranged in this
way by the sorters, a comparison readily showed the concerns who
had not reported. The serial numbers of those delinquents were
listed by the check-in clerks, and as Soon as a State was finished,
these lists of delinquents were passed to the addressograph Section.
9. By means of a device on the stencils the concerns listed by
the checkers as delinquent were distinguished from the concerns
who had responded. This operation was called “tabbing the
stencils,” for small metal tabs on the stencil frames were swung to
the right or the left, according to whether the concern had responded
Or not.
10. Follow-up cards, similar to the regular report cards, but
notifying the recipient that the regular report had not been received,
were addressed from the stencils of the delinquents. All the
stencils were placed in the addressograph machine, but only those
on which the tabs were swung made an impression on the follow-up
cards.
Before the follow-up card was devised form letters were used.
The letters were unsatisfactory because costly to get out and because
they usually called forth a deluge of answering letters requiring
special replies but without greatly increasing the number of reports
Sent in.
The follow-up cards overcame these objections in the following
manner: (a) Over 7,000 follow-up cards could be addressed from the
stencils each day, so that it was possible to mail the follow-up cards
the same day that the original report cards were checked in; (b) the
follow-up card expressly stated that no answer other than the figures
was desired, and therefore the amount of correspondence resulting
from the follow-up was greatly reduced; (c) the follow-up card
requested the recipient to furnish the figures whether the original
card had been sent or not; (d) similar follow-up cards to be filled
out and sent to the State administrators were inclosed with the
follow-up card to be returned to the bureau of statistics, so that the
records of the State administrators were completed by as many
additional reports as arrived in Washington. t
11. The follow-up cards were returned to the check-in room,
where they were checked against the index cards to make certain
that no concerns reporting had been addressed a follow-up card by
mistake or that concerns not reporting had been omitted from the
follow-up.
12. The follow-up cards then went through the coding machine,
where they were dated to show the week for which no regular report
had been received by that date.
13. When the follow-up card was designed, space was provided so
that the impression of the stenciled address would show in the
window of window envelopes. Window envelopes, therefore,
avoided the necessity for addressing the envelopes as well. Each
follow-up card, together with the follow-up card for the State
administrator, was inclosed in envelope and mailed off the day after
the cards were checked in. -
When the follow-up cards were returned by consumers they were
handled by the sorters and other operators exactly as though they
Were original report cards.
14. Thereport cards, having been checked in, went to the editing
Subsection.
15. The editors examined the figures on the cards to make certain
that they were expressed in tons. Concerns reporting stocks and
consumption in pounds, bushels, or bags received form notices from
the editors, instructing them to use net tons of 2,000 pounds as the
unit for reporting.
16. The figures were next tested by comptometer operators to
make certain that the reports would check within themselves. The
“stocks at end of last week” plus “actual receipts” should equal
“actual consumption” plus “stocks at end of this week.”
17. The fourth operation in the editing subsection was a verifica-
tion of the previous editorial work.
18. The report cards passed from the editing subsection to the
punching subsection. Here the tabulating machine company's
key-punch machine was used in conjunction with the Hollerith
punch card, which, of course, was specially printed to accommodate
the statistics that the bureau required. The figures on the report
cards were translated to the punch cards by using the key-punch
machine. -
19. The punch cards were then verified to make certain that the
key-punch operator had performed the work correctly. During the
early months of the organization this work was done by a verifying
machine, which corresponded with the key-punch machine in
every particular except that no holes were punched. The work of
verification was done by a different operator from the one who did the
punching, but it was found impossible to procure operators for the
verifying machines who would perform their functions accurately;
that is, instead of invariably removing all punched cards that were
incorrect, the verifier made the machine correspond to the punched
card, thus allowing the error to go through. It was therefore found
expedient to have the two cards punched by different operators
and ascertain their correctness by comparing one with the other.
When holes in the two cards failed to correspond the report card
was consulted and the necessary corrections were made. After all
punch cards were verified in this manner one set was destroyed.
20. As fast as a collection of punch cards for a certain State and
list was completed it was subjected to a final balancing operation.
This was performed on the tabulating machine and was done in
order that any discrepancy in the figures might be noted before
the punch cards passed on to the tabulating room. If the total
“stocks on hand at the end of last week” plus “actual receipts”
did not equal the “stocks on hand at the end of this week” plus
“actual consumption,” each punch card was again verified and
the error was discovered and corrected.
21. Upon the completion of the balancing operation, which was
the last one performed in the key-punch room, the report cards were
passed to the filing subsection. All of the report cards for each
week were filed together in numerical order, the different lists being
filed separately.
22. The punch cards passed from the key-punch room to the
tabulating subsection, where they were first sorted mechanically
on the Sorting machines. For the regular weekly tabulation the
punch cards were sorted by list, then by week, and finally by
Serial number. This brought together in numerical order all cards
of a given State, list, and week. -
23. The punch cards were next tabulated mechanically on the
tabulating machines, which produced totals showing the quantity
126
REPORT of DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
Fortnightly schedule of work of Bureau of Statistics on weekly coal supply reports.
w Week with Saturday afternoons.
Operation. Monday. Tuesday. . Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday.
. a.m.).------------------------------------------------- Indiana. Kansas. Towa. New York. Maine. - West Virginia.
Sorting (a. Im.) Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey. New Ham p - | North Carolina.
| Michigan. North Dakota. | Missouri. Delaware. shire. South Carolina.
Wisconsin. | South Dakota. | Arkansas. Maryland. Vermont. Georgia.
- Montana. Louisiana. District of Co- || Massachusetts. Alabama.
Wyoming. Texas. lumbia. Rhode Island. | Florida.
Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia. Connecticut. . . Mississippi.
New Mexico. . Pennsylvania. | Tennessee.
Arizona. Pittsburgh. Kentucky.
Nevada. Ohio.
Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
† California.
king • Id.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ohio (pass this Kansas. Towa. New York. Maine. West Virginia.
Chec and follow up (p. m.) f State as soon | Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey. New Ham p - | North Carolina.
as c o m - | North Dakota. | Missouri. Delaware. shire. South Carolina.
pleted) South Dakota. | Arkansas. Maryland. Vermont. eorgia.
diana Montana. Louisiana. District of Co- || Massachusetts. Alabama
Michigan. Wyoming. Texas. lumbia. Rhode Island. | Florida.
Wisconsin. Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia. Connecticut. , ississippi
Illinois. New Mexico. Pennsylvania. 8DIlêSSè9
Arizona. Pittsburgh. Kentucky
Nevada. O.
Utah.
Idaho.
Washington
Oregon.
California.
Editing -------------------------------------------------------- Pennsylvania, Tndiana. Kansas. Iowa. New York. Maine.
Pittsburgh ' | Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey. New Ham p-
(pass these | Michigan. North Dakota. issouri. Delaware. shire.
as soon as | Wisconsin. South Dakota. Arkansas. Maryland. | Vermont.
completed). Montana. Louisiana. District of Co- || Massachusetts.
Georgia. Wyoming. Texas. lumbia. Rhode Island.
Alabama. Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia. Connecticut.
Florida. . New Mexico. Pennsylvania.
Mississippi. Arizona. Pittsburgh.
Tennessee. Nevada.
Kentucky. Utah.
Ohio. Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
California.
Punching ------------------------------------------------------- New York | North Carolina. Indiana. Kansas. Iowa. New York.
pass t his South Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey.
tate as Soon | Georgia. Michigan. North Dakota. | Missouri. Delaware.
as completed)| Alabama. Wisconsin. South Dakota. | Arkansas. Maryland.
Maine. Florida. Montana. Louisiana. District of Co-
New Ham p - || Mississippi. Wyoming. Texas. lumbia.
shire. Tennessee. Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia.
Vermont. Kentucky. New Mexico.
Massachusetts. hio. Arizona.
Rhode Island. Nevada.
Connecticut. Utah.
Pennsylvania. Idaho.
Pittsburgh. Washington.
Oregon.
California.
Tabulat à- in-)-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - New Jersey. Maine. North Carolina. | Tndiana. Kansas. Towa.
ing ( ) Delaware. New Ham p - | South Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota.
Maryland. shire. Georgia. Michigan. North Dakota. | Missouri.
District of Co- | Vermont. Alabama. Wisconsin. South Dakota. Arkansas.
lumbia. Massachusetts. | Florida. Ontana. Louisiana.
Virginia. Rhode Island. | Mississippi. Wyoming. Texas.
West Virginia. | Connecticut. Tennessee. Colorado. Oklahoma.
New York. Pennsylvania. | Rentucky. New Mexico.
Pittsburgh. Ohio. Arizona.
Nevada.
Utah.
Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
California.
Typing (p.m.)------------------------------------ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * New Jersey. Maine. North Carolina. Indiana. Kansas. Iowa.
Delaware. New Ham p- | South Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota.
Maryland. shire. Georgia. Michigan. North Dakota. SSouri.
District of Co- || Vermont. Alabama. Wisconsin. South Dakota. | Arkansas.
lumbia. Massachusetts. | Florida. Montana. Louisiana.
Virginia. Rhode Island. Mississippi. Wyoming. Texas.
West Virginia. | Connecticut. Tennessee. Colorado. Oklahoma.
New York. Pennsylvania. | Kentucky. New Mexico.
Pittsburgh. Ohio. Arizona.
Nevada.
Utah.
Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
California.
*
DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND CORE.
127
Fortnightly schedule of work of Bureau of Statistics on weekly coal supply reports—Continued.
Week without Saturday afternoons.
Operation. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday.
º 'a lll s”) • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Indiana. Ransas. Towa. New York. Maine. Georgia.
Sorting (a.m.)-------------------- . Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey. New Ham p - || Alabama.
Michigan. South Dakota. | Missouri. Delaware. shire. Florida.
Wisconsin. North Dakota. | Arkansas. Maryland, Vermont. Mississippi.
- Montana. Louisiana. District of Co- || Massachusetts. | Tennessee.
Wyoming. Texas. lumbia. Rhode Island. Kentucky.
Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia. Connecticut: Ohio. t
New Mexico. West Virginia. | Pennsylvania.
Arizona. North Carolina. Pittsburgh.
Nevada. South Carolina.
Utah.
Idaho.
Washington.
i Oregon.
California.
Checki follow up (p. m.) ---------------------------------| Indiana. ICansas. Iowa. New York. Maine. Georgia.
hecking and fol p (p ) Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey. New Ham p - || Alabama.
Michigan. South Dakota. | Missouri. Delaware. Shire. Florida.
Wisóonsin. North Dakota. Arkansas. Maryland. Vermont. Mississippi.
- Montana. Louisiana. District of Co- Massachusetts. | Tennessee.
Wyoming. Texas. lumbia. Rhode Island. | Kentucky.
Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia. Connecticut.
New Mexico. West Virginia. | Pennsylvania.
Arizona. North Carolina. Pittsburgh.
Nevada. South Carolina.
Utah.
Idaho.
º Washington.
Oregon.
California.
Editing -------------------------------------------- ------------- West Virginia. | Indiana. Kansas. Towa. New York. Maine.
North Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. New Jersey. New Ham p -
South Carolina. | Michigan. South Dakota. | Missouri. Delaware. Shire.
Georgia. Wisconsin. North Dakota. Arkansas. Maryland. Vermont.
Alabama. Montana. Louisiana. District of Co- || Massachusetts:
Florida. Wyoming. Texas. lumbia. Rhode Island.
Mississippi. Colorado. Oklahoma. Virginia. . Connecticut.
Tennessee. New Mexico. West Virginia.
Kentucky. Arizona. North Carolina.
Ohio. Nevada. South Carolina.
Utah.
Idaho.
Washington
Oregon.
California.
Punching . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Maine. West Virginia. | Indiana. Ransas. Iowa. New Jersey.
º New Ham p - || North Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota. Delaware.
shire. South Carolina. | Michigan. South Dakota. | Missouri. Maryland.
Vermont. Georgia. Wisconsin. North Dakota. | Arkansas. District of Co-
Massachusetts. | Alabama. Montana. Louisiana. lumbia.
Rhode Tsland. | Florida. Wyoming. Texas. Virginia.
Connecticut. Mississippi. Colorado. Oklahoma. West Virginia.
Pennsylvania. | Tennessee. New Mexico.
Pittsburgh. ICentucky. Arizona.
Ohio. Nevada.
TJtah.
Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
California.
Tabulating (a.m.)---------------------------------------------- New York. Maine. West Virginia. | Tndiana. Kansas. Iowa.
New Jersey. New Ham p - || North Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota.
Delaware. shire. South Carolina. | Michigan. South Dakota. | Missouri
Maryland. Vermont. Georgia. Wisconsin. North Dakota. | Arkansas.
District of Co- || Massachusetts. Alabama. h Montana. Louisiana.
lumbia. Rhode Island. | Florida. Wyoming. Texas.
Virginia. Connecticut. Mississippi. Colorado. Oklahoma.
Pennsylvania. | Tennessee. New Mexico.
Pittsburgh. Kentucky. Arizona.
Ohio. Nevada.
Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
California.
Typing (p. m.)-------------------------------------------------- New York. Maine. West Virginia. | Indiana. TCansas. Towa.
New Jersey. New Ham p - || North Carolina. Illinois. Nebraska. Minnesota.
Delaware. shire. South Carolina. | Michigan. South Dakota. | Missouri.
Maryland. Vermont. Georgia. Wisconsin. North Dakota. | Arkansas
District of Co- || Massachusetts. Alabama. Montana. Louisiana.
lumbia. Rhode Island. | Florida. Wyoming. Texas.
Virginia. Connecticut. Mississippi. Colorado. Oklahoma.
Pennsylvania. | Tennessee. New Mexico.
Pittsburgh. Kentucky. t Arizona.
Ohio. Nevada.
Utah.
* Idaho.
Washington.
Oregon.
California.
123976°–19—PT I—9
Form G. UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION duplicate
WEEKLY REPORT OF COAL SUPPLY
(Net Tons)
Movember 2 J 1918 Anthesis *| Bituminous
Report for week ended
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Average number of tons required weekly, for year. . . . . .
Actual consumption----------------------------------
Actual total receipts----------------------------------|--------------|--------------
Stocks at end of last week----------------------------|--------------|--------------
Stocks at end of this week.----------------------------|--------------|--------------
Coal en route, in addition to stocks------------------|--------------|-- - - - - - - - - - - - -
IC The Advance Bag Co.,
3OO173 - Middletown,
21–O28 Ohio.
Report only in net tons. Fiſt out above, tear on perforation, and mail at once.
Write any explanations on left of reverse side. Do not use separate letter.
PLACE
POST CARD 2-CENT
STAMP
HERE
Write any special explanations here. Do not -
use separate letterhead.
BUREAU OF STATISTICS
* U. S. Fuel Administration
Washington, D. C.
UNITED STATE's Fuel ADMIN1st RAtion
WAS Hi N G TO N, D. C.
Your report for week stamped on card has
not been received. H it was mailed promptly,
it should be here. As it may have gone astray
in the mails, fill out the duplicate attached. Tear
off on perforation, stamp card, and mail at once.
Do this even if you have already mailed a report.
UNITED STATES FUEL ADMINISTRATION
J. D. A. MORROW,
General Director Distribution.
THESE WEEKLY REPORTS ARE WERY IMPORTANT
Mail them promptly.
Be sure they are stamped.
Do not fail to have your figures expressed in net tons.
Be sure your figures balance. Stocks at end of this week plus
consumption should equal stocks at end of last week plus
receipts.
Report lignite coal in the bituminous column.
If for any reason you revise figures of stocks on hand, explain on cards.
You should report even if you only use coal for heating in winter.
Report even if there is no change in your coal situation since last week.
Do not use cards for file copies.
THE FUEL ADMINISTRATION CANNOT DO ITS PART UNLESS
YOU DO YOURS.
FOLLOW-UP CARD–FRONT AND BACK.
These Cards were Mailed in Window Envelopes.
§

DISTRIBUTION OF COAL AND COKE.
129
of coal on hand, received, consumed, and delivered during each
week in each State, and according to each list. These totals were
transcribed by the tabulating-machine operators on work sheets.
Originally four tabulations for each State and list were made
each week, viz:
(a) A preliminary tabulation of the most recent week.
(b) First revised tabulation for the second most recent week.
(c) Second revised tabulation of the third most recent week.
(d) Final tabulation of the sixth most recent week.
It was found that the capacity of the tabulating machines which
were available would not permit so many tabulations a week, and
it was impossible to maintain the schedule, so the second revised
tabulation for the third most recent week was omitted.
Special tabulations from the punch cards were made from time
to time showing, for instance, the quantity of coal consumed
during any period by certain lines of industry, the quantity of
coal stocked by nonessential industries, or the quantity of coal
consumed by plants of various sizes.
24. The work sheets were ºverified, errors corrected, and the
punch cards were filed. -
25. The work sheets passed from the tabulating room to the report
section, where four copies of each tabulation were typed.
26. The typed tabulations were proof-read.
27. One set of tabulation sheets was pasted in a “compilation
record,” in which spaces were provided for every tabulation,
grouped by States and weeks. Overdue tabulations could easily
be discerned by the vacant spaces in the record. -
28. The tabulations in the compilation record were then con-
solidated into three weekly reports—preliminary, revised, and final.
29. The final operation was the distribution of these reports.
The tabulations were inserted in loose-leaf binders, which were
kept in the offices of the fuel administrator, general director of
distribution, and of other officials, and copies were mailed to the
respective State administrators.
In addition to the actual work of compiling the Weekly con-
sumption reports, a great deal of correspondence and other work
was handled by the consumption Section. The revision of the mail-
ing list was a very large undertaking, occupying the entire time of
a corps of over 30 clerks for several months.
In order that letters requiring special attention might be separated
from mere routine correspondence and in order that all mail might
be properly routed, all incoming letters passed over one desk where
they were examined and route slips were attached indicating both
the section to which the letter should go and the action required.
Similarly all outgoing letters passed over a single desk where they
were examined for both form and contents. -
In the normal mail of the bureau of statistics four classes of letters
were received in large quantities from consumers and retail dealers
as follows:
(a) Letters asking for explanation of the method of reporting,
which were generally answered by form letters and printed
instructions.
(b) Letters requesting additional report cards because the supply
furnished had either become exhausted or was lost. Such letters
were answered by addressing five sets of cards and mailing them
in an envelope with a form reply. During the early months of
the work of collecting consumption reports the limited addresso-
graph facilities of the bureau of statistics prohibited addressing
from the stencils more than two or three sets of cards, and for that
reason supplies in the hands of consumers were quickly exhausted,
and in addition they frequently used the report cards for file copies
or spoiled them by making them out incorrectly. For that reason
a very large number of letters of this class were received from July
to October, and it was necessary to employ from 6 to 12 persons
to address cards during the day, in addition to a large portion of
the night force. Later, when the addressograph section procured
additional machines, five sets of cards were issued, which materially
reduced the number of requests for additional supplies.
(c) Letters requesting corrections of the mailing list. The work
of preparing the stencils and sending out the first cards had perforce
been performed in such a hurried manner that many errors were
overlooked, and as a result a large corps of workers were required
to make the corrections requested by correspondents, and to deter-
mine and correct the cause of errors resulting in the return of
unclaimed mail.
(d) Letters resulting from the follow-up letters sent to concerns
whose reports had not been received. So many concerns replied,
stating that their reports had been mailed on time, or giving reason
for the nomarrival of their reports, that at one time it became neces-
sary to send out a general circular letter to all of the consumers and
dealers on the lists, explaining that such a deluge of mail had been
received it was impossible to answer each individual letter, and
promising that no supplies of coal would be withdrawn from any
consumer or dealer whose reports failed to arrive until a thorough
investigation of each case had been made. The follow-up card
which has already been described reduced the volume of this
correspondence.
The mechanical-tabulation section had charge of the operations
described in paragraphs 14 to 24, inclusive, of the weekly com-
pilation, and all other tabulations which were made by the use of
the tabulating machine.
The addressograph section comprised the operations described
in paragraphs 9 and 10 of the weekly compilation and, in addition,
addressed sets of weekly-report cards before they were sent to the
consumers and dealers. This section was responsible for the
proper preparation, correction, and filing of stencils, and for the
storage of the unaddressed weekly-report cards. The multigraphing
and mimeographing work of the bureau was also performed by the
addressograph Section.
The report section handled operations covered by paragraphs
25 to 29, inclusive, representing the final stages in the completion
of the weekly compilation described above, and, in addition, was
responsible for all reports issued by the bureau.
From March 22, 1918, to May 3, 1919, a daily
statistical report was issued and contained—
(a) Diagrams of the production of bituminous coal and anthracite
by weeks from the beginning of the coal year to the current week,
compared with 1917 and 1918. -
(b) Tables showing for bituminous coal, by-product coke, bee-
hive coke, and anthracite the percentage of increase or decrease of
production during the current week, as compared with the previous
week; the average weekly production from the beginning of the
coal year to date, compared with 1917 and with the budget.
(c) Daily statistics of tidewater, Lake, and New England ship-
ments, daily tidewater situation, and the distribution of tidewater
tonnage.
(d) Daily report of bituminous coal loaded by originating rail-
roads and fields, showing carloads on current date, on corresponding
date of the previous week, and comparative totals for current week
and corresponding week in 1917.
This daily report was distributed to about 100
officials of the Fuel and Railroad administrations,
War Industries Board, and others.
In addition to the five operating sections described
above, the bureau of statistics took over the activities
of the coal zone permit bureau on October 21, 1918.
The work of this section is described in the report on
the zones, Part II.
BUREAU OF ARTIFICIAL GAS.
During the early part of the summer of 1918 it was
apparent that if the war continued, it would be neces-
sary for the United States Fuel Administration to
130
REPORT OF DISTRIBUTION DIVISION.
control and regulate the distribution of artificial and
natural gas, as, otherwise, the restrictions of the Fuel
Administration in the use of coal or oil by unimportant
users, may have simply made it possibleforsuchusers to
change to the consumption of gas. The purposes of
the other measures, including conservation, would
have thus been defeated. The bureau of artificial gas
plants when organized was placed under the direction
of the general director of distribution to be adminis-
tered in conjunction with the bureau of natural gas
under the general director of the oil division.
The bureau of artificial gas conducted investigations
into the necessity for the prevailing heat unit and can-
dle power standard of artificial gas, the effect which
changes in such standards might have on the consump-
tion and use of artificial gas, the possible saving of coal
and oil by changes in the standard and the effect on
the recovery of toluol, as such changes were made. By
the time these investigations had been completed and
the necessary data concerning the subject had been
compiled, the signing of the armistice obviated the need
of further continuation of the work of this Bureau.
INDEX.1
To facilitate the location of a reference on the large, parallel-column pages on which this report is printed, page references in the
index generally include a number and a letter. The number refers to a page, the letter to one of the four quarters of the page. Thus 25a.
is the upper left-hand quarter of page 25; 25b is the lower left quarter; 25c, the upper right quarter, and 25d, the lower right quarter.
A.
Page.
Absenteeism . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...--------------------- 24c, 24d
Administrative division.------------------------------- 26a.
Agnew, S. P. --------------------------------- T'late XVIII
Alabama
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and
operating conditions, diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 77
weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100b
by field of origin, diagram. ------------------- 109
Alabama field:
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
limits as established by Fuel Administration. - - - - - - - - 114
Smithing coal shipments.--------------------------- 94, 95
weekly operating conditions. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— *
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99b.
by States of destination- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 106
Allotments:
anthacite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .----------------------- 116a
changes in- - - - -------------------------------- 117a.
between States. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34b
conflicts in. --------------------------------------- 118q.
American Steamship Association- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59b
American Telephone & Telegraph Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119C
Analyses.--------------------------------------------- 1.18a,
Anthracite:
allotments of lake tonnage among producers. . . . . . . . . 63a.
degradation on repreparing at Head of Lakes. . . . . . . . . 64d
domestic demand in Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115d
for railroad fuel------------------------------------ 55a,
Lake allotment------------------------------ - - - - - - 63d
Lake program completed. -------------------------- 64b.
patriotic efforts of miners--------------------------- 21a.
production—
1848–1918------------------------------------- 11C
weekly, April 1, 1917–April 5, 1919, curve. . . . . . . 117
reduction in supplies to Northwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62d
restrictions on domestic consumption in West and
South------------------------------------------- 115q.
shortage of: - - - - - - -------------------------------- 115b
steam sizes, control of. - - - - ------------------------ 117C
transfers, Pennsylvania to Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55b
Anthracite, bureau of (see Bureau of anthracite):
Anthracite committee:
creation of. --------------------------------------- 115C
organization chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
Arkansas field:
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
smithing coal shipments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 95
weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
weekly production, 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
weekly shipments out of “all-rail"—
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99a
by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Armistice, effect on demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16C
Army Transport Service: t Page.
method of purchasing coal.-------------------------- 59q.
requirements.-------------------------------------- 60a,
weekly dumpings of bunker for, diagram.... -------- 61
Assigned cars:
at request of War Department. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28b
for railroad fuel------------------------------------ 46d
text of orders and communications regarding--------- 58
use of, fall of 1917--------------------------------- 28a.
Atlantic Transport Co. - - - - ---------------------------- 59C
B.
Baisley, T. E. - - - - - - - - - ------------------ Flate XVIII
Baltimore:
bituminous dumped and on hand, curve. . . . . . . . Plate XX
shipments via, to New England, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
weekly dumpings—
cargo and bunker, diagram. -------------------- 61
coal year, 1918–19, curve. .... ------------------ 60
Baltimore & Ohio eastbound cars above normal:
east of Parkersburg and Pittsburgh - - - - - - - - - - - - Plate III
west of Parkersburg and Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . . . T’late IW
Beardslee, J. B. - - - - - - -------------- . Plate XVIII, 66a
Big Sandy and Elkhorn field, limits as established by Fuel
Administration------------------------------------- 114
Blast furnaces (see iron furnaces). º
Blauvelt, W. S.:
abstracts from current reports of..... -------------. 83–85
appointment of. ----------------------------------- 7,66d
supervises coke prices------------------------------ 88d.
Botting, D. C. - - - - ---------------------------- Plate XVIII
Bourget, F. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
Brydon, J. G. - - - - - - -------------------------- Plate XVIII
Budget:
allotments to producing fields. --------------------- 17a
anthracite shipments compared with. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116c
as of March 15, 1918------------------------------ 12c, 13a.
as of October 1, 1918 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12d, 13b
by producing districts. . . . . . . . . . . .----------------. 16b
Canadian—
anthracite and bituminous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65a
shipments compared to budget. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65d
changes in budget of October 1, 1918 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14d, 15a
comparison with actual receipts, by States. . . . . . . . . . . 15a,
determined by bureau of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196, 121
how checked. - - - - - ------------------------------- 1203,
Lake anthracite program completed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64b
Lake budget compared to shipments, table. . . . . . . . . . 62d
method of preparing- - - - - -------------------------- 12C
New England - - - - - - - ---------------------- 36d, 40d, 42d
New England shipments compared to budget, diagram 43
performance on, to November 1, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16a
statistical basis of: - - - - ---------------------------- 12d
tidewater----------------------------------------- 40b
use of statistics in framing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188.
1 Prepared by F. G. Tryon, U. S. Geological Survey.
182
INDEX.
Bunker coal: Page. Capacity: Page.
inadequate in fall of 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ----------- 59a. anthracite mines. ----------------------------------- 17d.
priority for------------------------------------------ 48d as indicated by number of mines--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18d.
situation at tide------------------------- Plates XIX-XXIII bituminous mines.----. ------------------------------ 17d
weekly dumpings at principal ports, diagram. - - - - - - - - - 61 i906–1918, diagram. ----------------------------- 192.
Bureau of anthracite: coke ovens— *
creation of-------------------------------------- 115b, 115c by-product--------------------------------------- 70d
growth of business of.--------------------------------- 116b increase in---------------------------------- , 75d
organization chart---------------------------- Plate XVIII weekly capacity, January, 1918—February, 1919,
Bureau of artificial gas plants: by States---------------------------------- 7–82
organization chart---------------------------- Plate XVIII beehive------------------------------------------ 71a,
work of.------------------------------------------- 129–130 Total, beehive and by-product. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70a, 71b
Bureau of bituminous coal and coke: Car distribution, agreement to equalize, May 31, 1918. . . . . . . 48b.
organization chart. --------------------------- Plate XVIII | Cargo coal, weekly dumpings at principal ports, diagram. .. 61
responsibility---------------------------------------- 85d | Cars, use of, as regulated by distribution division . . . . . . . . . . 30b
Bureau of coke, abstracts from director's reports------------ 83–85 | Car-service Section, orders concerning assigned cars, . . . . . . . . 58
Bureau of mines----------------------------------------- 1.18a | Car shortage:
Bureau of State distribution, kept preference list----------- 30c as a factor limiting production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–24
Bureau of statistics: Connellsville coke district................. . . . . . . . . . . . . 84c .
administrative control chart--------------------------- 122 in coke industry, measures to relieve... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85c, 86c
current data on stocks- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43d in fall of 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28a.
fortnightly schedule for handling weekly coal-supply Car Supply:
reports------------------------------------------- 126–127 as affected by railroad fuel purchase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46C
instructions to:--------------------------------------- 119a, at beehive coke ovens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83b-84b
kinds of data obtained by....:----------------------- * | Causes of lost operating time (see Operating conditions).
method of collecting daily and weekly statistics of pro- Central Pennsylvania field (see Pennsylvania Central).
duction------------------------------------- ------- 123a. Charlotte, Lake Ontario, as shipping point for Lake bitumi-
method of handling weekly reports of consumption and nous coal---------------------------------------------- 63d
stocks of coal.------------------------------------- 123d Chesapeake & Ohio, carloads delayed for movement through
method of obtaining and compiling distribution statis- Columbus-------------------------------------------- Plate X
tics----------------------------------------------- 1236 || Cincinnatiyards:
number of employees, diagram------------------------ 123 Carloads delayed on L. & N. for movement through.... Plate V
organization and methods of work--------------------- 121d cars above normal for movement north, diagram. . . . . . Plate VI
organization chart---------------------------- Plate XVIII movement north through, diagram........ . . . . . . . . Plate VIII
planning section-------------------------------------- 124a | Clayton, E. R....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - Plate XVIII
reports issued— s “Clean coal,” evidence of railroad rejections........... . . . . 54b
weekly operating-------------------------------- 121b | Clinch Valley field:
daily report------------------------------------- 129q limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
special reports------------------------------------ 121C weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
weekly reports on distribution. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 120b by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99b)
weekly reports of consumers, instructions for. . . . . . . . . . 120d by States of destination... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Burrows, J. S.------------------------------------ Plate XVIII Coal-producing districts, limits as established by Fuel Ad-
Butler, H. F--------------------------------------------- 66a, ministration-------------------------------------------- 114
Byers, W. L. ------------------------------------- T’late XVIII Cochran, H. A.--------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 7
By-product coal: Coke:
consumers of.---------------------------------------- 91a. attempt to substitute for anthracite as railroad fuel..... 55b
strong demand during war---------------------------- 36b beehive—
used as railroad fuel, released for other purposes. . . . . . . . 52a. costs of production by districts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
By-product coke plants, priority for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48d monthly production, Connellsville district. . . . . . . . 75b
C. f monthly production, 1915–1918, table............... 72C
Calloway, A. W. ------------------- Plate XVIII, 7, 35d, 36d, 66a output limited by high spot coal price..…....... 86d
Cameron, J. P. ----------------------------------- T'late XVIII shippers designated to furnish to preferred furnaces. 85d
Canada: text of price order... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89C
allotments, etc., 1917. ------------------------------- 64C weekly operating conditions in Connellsville district,
anthracite— January, 1918—February, 1919, diagram. . . . . . . . . . - 83
budget------------------------------------------ 65d weekly production, 1917–18, by States, table. . . . . . 2–75
distribution. ------------------------------------ 116C by-product—
bituminous budget coal year 1918–19, table. ------------ 65C Everett, Mass., plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86C
control over export to. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64d, 65a. monthly production, 1917–18, table................. 72a,
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918------------------------ 57d operating conditions, diagrams showing weekly pro-
Priority Order No. 1.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27d duction and losses by causes, January, 1918–
rail movement to- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 55b February, 1919—
railroad fuel for. ------------------------------------- 55b United States.-------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
regulating exports to- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64e, 66 Alabama- - - - -------------------------------- 77
shipments of Smithing coal to-------------------------- 94a. Illinois.------------------------------------- 78
shipments compared to budget--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65d Indiana...----------------------------------- 78
Canadian fuel controller. . . . . . . . -------------------------- 62C Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Cando coal forwarding bureau - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25C Maryland.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
INDEX. \ 133
Coke—Continued. Colorado field: Page
by-product—Continued. e fuel delivered to railroads, 1918......... --------------- 56d
operating conditions, etc.—Continued. Bage limits as established by Fuel Administration.-- - - - - - - - - 114
Massachusetts-------------------------------- S0 weekly production, 1917–18, curve.-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - 38
Minnesota.----------------------------------- 80 weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
New York------------------------------------ 81 by classes of consignees, diagram...---------------- 100a,
Ohio. --------------------------------------- 81 by State of destination----------------------------- 108
Pennsylvania- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 82 | Columbus yards:
Tennessee- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 82 Carloads delayed for movement through—
price reduced.----------------------------------- 89b. on C. & O.------------------------------------ Plate X:
text of price orders----------------------------- 89d, 90b on N. & W.------------------------------------ Plate XI
consumption— cars above normal for movement north, diagram. ... Plate VII
annual, 1913–1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------- 67C | Movement north through, diagram. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plate IX
at iron furnaces, August, 1917–November, 1918, Committee on coal production-------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96d, 1182,
curves......................... ----------------- 87–88 Confiscation:
by States, 1915 and 1916, table-------------------- 67 by railroads, control of.------------------------. . . . . . . 54b
demand for, during war-------------------------- 69C by railroads in 1918, tables. . . . . . . . . . y • * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - 57
requirements.------------------------------------ 69b confusion caused by----------------------------------. 47a.
consumption, 1915–1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69d of coal destined for by-product plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83C
effect of European war on production............ . . . . . . . 66c | Congested district--------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26d
exchange of tonnage between steel companies. . . . . . . . . . 85a | Congestion:
foundry— at ports-------------------------------- Plates XIX-XXIII
consumption by States, 1915–16, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 of freight-------------------------------------------. 25a
definition of.------------------------------------- 90b of traffic on railroads, diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plates III–YVII
monthly requirements, by States, table. . . . . . . . . . . . 69a | Connellsville Courier.-----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84c, 84d
requirements, total.------------------------------- 68b | Connellsville district:
stocks at foundries, June 30, 1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . 69a beehive coke production, monthly, 1915–1918, table. . . 75b
furnace— car supply-------------------------------------- 83c, 84a, 84c
consumption by States, 1915–16, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56b
consumption in manufacture of pig iron, 1913–1918, limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
table.------------------------------------------- 68a weekly operating conditions, January, 1918—February,
requirements.------------------------------------. 68a. 1919------------------------------------------------ S3
supply of.--------------------------------------- 68C weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
gas house— by classes of consignees, diagram........... . . . . . . . . 98b.
consumption of, for domestic use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69d by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
price fixed---------------------------------------- 89b | Conservation-------------------------------------------... 41C
text of price orders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90a || Consignee, shipments to, by classes, series of diagrams show-
instructions to Connellsville district representatives ing weekly movement of bituminous coal to. . . . . . . . . . . . . 98–102
regarding distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85b | Consumers:
metallurgical, consumption of, for domestic use, table. . . 69d assistance to----------------------------------------- 33a
prices— classes of, under preference lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32b
differentials on Connellsville base. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88C text of letter to, regarding weekly reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120d.
fixed September 24, 1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 weekly reports to bureau of statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120b
for by-product on Connellsville base... . . . . . . . . . . . . 89a weekly reports to State Administrator and statistical
text of orders fixing----------------------------- 89C–90 section-------------------------------------------- 34b.
production, 1880–1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67a Consuming districts, shipments into, all-rail, series of dia-
production, beehive and by-product, 1917–18, table. ... 71c grams showing weekly movement of bituminous coal—
requirements, general- - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66C by classes of consignee------------------------------- 100–102
requirements, 1915–1918, by classes of consumers. . . . . . . 69d by producing district of origin.-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109–113
stocks at iron furnaces, August, 1917–November, 1918, Consumption:
Cllr VeS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 87–88 at by-product coke oven plants, January, 1918—February,
Coke ovens: 1919. --------------------------------------------- 36C
beehive— low volatile, curve------------------------------- 38
active, idle, and building, 1906–1918, table. . . . . . . . 71a. high volatile, curve---, ----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39
capacity----------------------------------------- 71a. at industrial plants in New England, curve.... . . . . . . . . . 40b
number, 1906–1918, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 at iron and steel plants, January, 1918—February, 1919. 36c
by-product— gas coal, curve----------------------------------- 39
active, idle, building, 1893–1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . 71b steam coal, curve---------------------------------- 40
capacity----------------------------------------- 70d average annual, United States of America, by decades,
new installation.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75d 1858-1918------------------------------------------- 1 i
number built and building, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 bituminous—
general, capacity------------------------------------- 71b per capita for domestic purposes, map ..... . . . . . . Plate II
Coke section: per Square mile by industrials, coke ovens, and
creation of.------------------------------------------- 66C public utilities, map----------------------------. Plate I
organization chart.----------------------------- Plate XVIII by Government agencies--------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96–97
Colley, J. W. ----------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plate XVIII by railroads, 1918, tables...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Colorado, production of by-product coke begun in........... 75d by uses, 1915, 1917, 1918... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12a
134
INDEX.
Consumption—Continued.
coke— s * Page.
total, 1913–1918, table----------------------------- 67C
by States, 1915 and 1916, table -------------------- 67
for domestic use, table------. 'e - e = • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 69d
concentrated in northeast ------------------------------ 12b
domestic, per capita, map--------------------------- Plate II
industrial, per square, mile-map ........------------- Plate I
of bituminous railroad fuel, June–December, 1918–
CUTVeS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53
tables------------------------------------------- 54
of fuel, by New England railroads, table ---------------- 49
of gas coal at gas plants, July, 1918—February, 1919, curve 44a
per capita, United States of America, by decades. --- - - - 11b
reduced by mild weather------------------------------ 116d
Weekly statistics of.---------------------------------- 123d
Contracts:
a Source of difficulty in 1917---------------------------- 9a,
Consumers urged to conclude-------------------------- 33a.
railroad fuel----------------------------------------- 54d, 55
requirements to meet and “free” coal...----- - - - - - - - - - - Il3C
Work of distribution division regarding------------------ 31b
Cornell, D.C.-------------. ------------------------- Plate XVIII
Costs of production of beehive coke--------------- - - - - - - - - - - 90e
Couffer, R. W.------------------------------------ Plate XVIII
Council of National Defense, priority order No. 1. - - - - - - - - - - 27d
Cumberland-Piedmont field:
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56b
limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly operating conditions, diagram... ----------------- 22
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram...... ------------- 98b.
by State of destination----------------------------- 104
Customs Division, Treasury Department. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65b
ID.
Days worked per year------------------------------------ 17d
Dealers. (See Retail and Jobbers.)
Decentralization, difficulties with first attempt at centralized
administration---------------------------------------- 118, 119
Delaware, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all rail):
By class of consignee, diagram. ------------------------ 100b
By field of origin, diagram. --------------------------- 109
Demand, rise in, 1914–1918---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12a
Development rating, table-------------------------------. 20
Dickson, Jos. B----------------------------. Plate XVIII, 8, 115c
Director of distribution, letter of instructions to district repre-
sentatives--------------------------------------------- 34C
Director of State distribution, letter of instructions to State
administrators----------------------------------------- 35a.
Director of steel supply--------------------------------- 84a, 85d
Distribution:
among consuming areas, work of distribution division. - - - 31a
anthracite, methods of.------------------------------- 116C
bituminous coal, all-rail shipments from each producing
field—
by classes of consignees, weekly from August 31,
1918, to February 1, 1919, diagrams—
Alabama-------------------------------------- 99b
Clinch Valley-------------------------------- 99b
Colorado-------------------------------------- 100a.
Connellsville--------------------------------- 98b
Cumberland-Piedmont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98b.
Fairmont------------------------------------ 98b
Greensburg----------------------------------- 98a.
Hazard--------------------------------------- 98d
Illinois.------------------------------------- 99C
Distribution—Continued.
bituminous coal, all-rail shipments from each producing
field—Continued.
by classes of consignees, weekly from August 31,
1918, to February 1, 1919, diagrams—Continued. Page.
Iowa----------------------------------------- 99q
Kanawha------------------------------------ 98d
Renova-Thacker------------------------------ 98d
Rentucky (northeastern).-------------------. 98C
Rentucky (Southeastern)--------------------- 98C
Kentucky (western)--------------------------- 99b
Lake docks----------------------------------- 100a.
Latrobe------------------------------------- 98a.
Ligonier-------------------------------------- 98a,
New Mexico.---------------------------------- 100a.
New River---------------------------------- 99a
Northwest------------------------------------ 100a.
Ohio (northern)------------------------------ 98C
Ohio (Southern).----------------------------- 98C
Pennsylvania (central)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97a
Pennsylvania (northern). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97d
Pittsburgh-Panhandle. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 98a.
Pocahontas---------------------------------- 98d
Somerset------------------------------------- 98b.
Southwestern States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99a,
Tennessee. ---------------------------------- 992,
Tug River----------------------------------- 99a,
Utah---------------------------------------- 100a.
Virginia (Southwestern). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99a,
Washington.--------------------------------- 100a
Westmoreland. . . . . . ------------------------- 98a.
Wyoming------------------------------------ 100a.
by State of destination, weekly from April 6, 1918,
to February 1, 1919, diagrams—
Alabama------------------------------------ 106
Arkansas------------------------------------- 108
Clinch Valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 106
Colorado-------------------------------------- 108
Connellsville--------------------------------- 104
Cumberland-Piedmont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Fairmont------------------------------------ 104
Greensburg----------------------------------- 104
Hazard--------------------------------------- 105
Illinois.------------------------------------- 107
Indiana-------------------------------------- 106
Iowa----------------------------------------- 107
Ranawha------------------------------------- 105
Kansas--------------------------------------- 107
Renova-Thacker---------------------. . . . . . . . . 105
Rentucky (northeastern). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Rentucky (Southeastern). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Rentucky (Western). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Lake docks----------------------------------- 109
Latrobe--------------------------------------- 104
Ligonier-------------------------------------- 104
Missouri------------------------------------- 107
Montana-------------------------------------. 108
New Mexico.------------------------. . . . . . . . . 108
New River------------------------------------ 105
Northwest.----------------------------------- 109
Ohio (northern).-------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Ohio (southern). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Oklahoma------------------------------------- 108
Pennsylvania (central)......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Pennsylvania (northern). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Pittsburgh-Panhandle............. * * * * * * * * * * * * 103
Pocahontas...............------------------- 105
Somerset.------------------------------------ 104
INDEX.
135
Distribution—Continued.
bituminous coal, all-rail shipments from each producing
field—Continued.
by State of destination, weekly from April 6, 1918,
to February 1, 1919, diagrams—Continued. Page.
Tennessee. ---------------------------------- 106
Tug River----------------------------------- 105
Utah---------------------------------------- 108
Virginia (Southwestern). . . . . . --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 106
Washington---------------------------------- 109
Westmoreland -------------------------------- 104
Wyoming------------------------------------ 108
by classes of consignees, weekly from August 3, 1918,
to February 1, 1919, diagrams—
Alabama------------------------ 100b
Delaware------------------------------------ 100b
District of Columbia--------------------------- 101a,
Georgia.----------------------------- 100b
Illinois------------------------------- ------- 100C
Indiana-------------------------------------- 100d
Iowa----------------------------------------- 100d
Kentucky----------------------------------- 101a,
Maryland------------------------------------ 101a,
Michigan------------------------------------- 101b
Minnesota.----------------------------------- 101b
New England------------------------ 101C
New Jersey---------------------------------- 101C
New York------------------------------------ 101d
North Carolina-------------------------------- 101Cl
Ohio---------------------------------------- 102a,
Pennsylvania-------------------------------- 102b
South Carolina-------------------------------- 102c
Tennessee----------------------------------- 102C
Virginia-------------------------------------- 102d
Wisconsin------------------------------------ 102d
by producing district of origin, weekly from April 6,
1918, to February 1, 1919, diagrams—
Alabama-------------------------------------- 109
Delaware------------------------------------ 109
District of Columbia------------------. . . . . . . . . 111
Georgia.--------------------------------------. 109
Illinois-------------------------------------- 110
Indiana-------------------------------------- 110
Iowa----------------------------------------- 110
Kentucky----------------------------------- 110
Maryland------------------------------------ 111
Michigan------------------------------------- 111
Minnesota. ---------------------------------. 111
New England-------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
New Jersey---------------------------------. 112
New York-----------------------------------. 112
North Carolina-------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Ohio---------------------------------------. 112
Pennsylvania---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
South Carolina-------------------------------. 113
Tennessee----------------------------------- 113
Virginia-------------------------------------- 113
Wisconsin-----------------------------------. 113
decentralized control of a necessity-------------. . . . . . . . 97a
how kept track of.----------------------------------- 1196.
Smithing coal shipments by States, tables... . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 95
statistics of, methods of compiling---------. . . . . . . . . . . . 123b
within communities, work of distribution division. . . . . 31a,
Distribution division:
creation of-------------------------------------------- 25b
instructions to field officers, May, 1918------------- 32, 34
memorandum on responsibility and field officers. . . . . . . . 30, 31
organization chart.------------------------------ Plate XVIII
policy and program of.----------------------------- 26b, 32a
District of Columbia, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-
rail): Page.
by class of consignee, diagram-------------------------- 101a.
by field of origin, diagram----------------------------- 111
District representatives:
application of preference list. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29d
appointment of---------------------------------------- 25d
charged with inspection and sometimes management of
production----------------------------------------- 97C
definition of------------------------------------------ 33b
distribution reports-----------------------------------. 123b
functions and powers of.----------------------------- 97c, 97d
furnish lists of unfilled orders for Smithing coal.--------- 93C
in Connellsville coke district.----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85a.
instructions to—
general------------------------------------------ 34C
regarding railroad fuel------------------. . . . . . . . . . 48c
nominated by local operators------------------. . . . . . . . . 97C
offices organized-------------------------------------- 119q.
orders to, regarding assigned cars----------------------- 58d.
organization chart-----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
relations with State administrators...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a
reports to State administrators and statistical section.... 33c
responsibility and function----------------------------- 30, 31
simplified problem of distribution----------. . . . . . . . . . . . 97b
Diversions:
gas and by-product coal to essential uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36C
Michigan coal to Lake Superior docks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63b
report of, to district representative----------------- - - - - - 33d
work of distribution division regarding....-----------... 31a.
Dock companies, determining allotments to... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64a
Domestic coke. (See Coke.)
Domestic fuel:
anthracite, priority for--------------------------------- 117b
per capita consumption map------------------------- Plate II
Draft, no exemption for coal miners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21b
Duvall, F. B-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
E.
Elkhorn and Big Sandy field:
limits as established by Fuel Administrator. . . . . . . . . . li4
gas coal released by railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . . - ... • = • * * = • * * * 52C
Ellis, W. P---------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 7, 122
Embargoes:
coke through New England rail gateways... . . . . . . . . . . . . 86C
Seldom laid on railroad fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55d
Emergency coal furnished by anthracite committee. . . . . . . . 116C
Emergency Fleet Corporation, requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59a,
Emergency orders, work of distribution division regarding. - 31a.
Erie Railroad, eastbound freight above normal:
west of Salamanca.-------------------------------. Plate XII
east of Salamanca. ----------------------------- Plate XIII
Export, weekly dumpings at principal ports, diagram. . . . . . 61
F. -
Factors limiting production (see Operating conditions).
Fairmont field:
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56C
gas coal released by railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52C
limits as established by Fuel Administrator. . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98b.
by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Tederal institutions, shipments to, series of diagrams show-
ing weekly movement of bituminous coal to. . . . . . . . . . ... 98–102
Federal Trade Commission:
data on costs----------------------------------------. 1.18a,
L36 INDEX.
y Page. Page.
Follow-up card used by bureau of statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 || Hampton, Warren---------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Foss, W. I.---------------------------------------- Plate XVIII | Hapgood, R. T-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Foundry coke. (See Coke.) Hartland, E. F-------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 66a
Foundries, coke requirements, 1915–1918, table............. 69d | Hastings, R. C.. ......----------------------------- Plate XVIII
Francis, Geo. H------------------------------------ Plate XVIII | Hazard field:
Free coal, attempts to distribute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118–119 fuel delivered to railroads, 1918------------------------ 56C
Freight, conditions at critical points........... Plates III to XVII gas coal released by railroads-------------------------- 52C
Frey, B. M---------------------------------------- Plate XVIII limits as established by Fuel Administration----------- 114
Fuel Administration: weekly operating conditions, diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22
methods compared with Food Administration. . . . . . . . . . 10C weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
success of, as indicated by position on November 11, by classes of consignees, diagram. ------------------ 98d
1918---------------------------------------------- 9d by State of destination. -------------------------- 105
Fuel Supplies Department...----------------------------- 118C | Heiner, Moroni------------------------------------ Plate XVIII
Furnaces, Iron furnaces (see also). Henderson, Miss G-------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Furnace coke. (See Coke.) Herman, F. J.------------------------------ Plate XVIII, 7,66d
Futterer, A---------------------------------------- Plate XVIII | High volatile fields of southern West Virginia (see West Vir-
G. inia). . . . . . . 1 Ord ferred fr
Garfield, Dr. H. A. -------------------------------------- 7 ; District, railroad fuel orders transferred from........ 50b.
º * olmes, E. A.------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Gardiner, R. W. ---------------------------------- Plate XVIII H
- onnold, F. C.------------------------------------ Plate XVIII
Gas and by-product coal section:
organization chart----------------------------. Platex VIII | Hord, R. A.---------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
work of *º- 91 Howe, B. J.--------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
…~ Hurd, D. F----------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
CO ers of.---------------------------------------- 91a. Husky, H. A.------------------------------------ Plate XVIII, 8
consumption at gas plants, July, 1918—February, 1919, I.
curve: ;------------------------------------------- 44a || Illinois:
demand during war---------------------------------- 36b coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity and oper-
limitations on storage of. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44d ating conditions, diagram--------------------------- 78
shipments of to gas plants facilitated................... 85b weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)—
shortage of.------------------------------------------ 50C by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 100C
stocks at gas plants, July, 1918—February, 1919, curve... 44a by field of origin, diagram------------------------. 110.
used as railroad fuel released for other uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . 50c Illinois field:
Gas coke. (See Coke.) fuel delivered to railroads, 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56d
Gas plants: © º º limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
controlled by bureau of artificial gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 weekly production, 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
priority for------------------------------------------ 48d weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.
º hed b 118 weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
CO2, furnished by-------------------------------- 8, by classes of consignees, diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99C.
* with Fuel Administration, text of agree- 119 . State of destination. - e - º * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 107
ment. . ;---------------------- :--------- :-------- * | Indiana:
cº, Nº. shipments of soft coal into (all-rail): coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and op-
. i 1 . *: , diagram. ----------------------- 100b erating conditions, diagram. ------------------------ 78
G y i. I º:rigin, .. h tº 4- b f -: iAd ------------- 109 weekly shipments of Soft coal into (all-rail)—
eorgia € d, imitS 3.S esta, S ed y Uie ministration. - 114 by classes of consignees, diagram - = ** - - - e º – - ºg º 'º - sº º – - ºn 100d
Gier, W. T.---------------------------------------- Plate XVIII by field of origin, diagram - 110
Glazier, R. C. ------------------------------------ Plate XVIII Indiana field: 3 * ~~vo-ºw--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Groverman, W. H.-------------------------------- T’late XVIII :- º
e -- - - © fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
Government building section: © & e e - º
* - e. limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
organization chart----------------------------- Plate XVIII tº a e
weekly deliveries of railroad fuel, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
work of. --------------------------------------------- 96 e - - - -
º weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Government coal purchases: - º
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
allotments to producers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------------ 962, e e
method. -------------------------------------------- 962, by classes of consignees, diagram------------------- 99C
Grant, W. J.-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII Indi di State : º - - st t * *s t bi - -, * * - - * * - - tº º - - sº 106
Greensburg district: i. o ce. Coal purchases by States, table. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 96b
gas coal released by railroads.... -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52C nausines: . e
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— ... per . i. Inap- - - - - - - - - - ... . Plate I, 12
by classes of Consignees, diagram. • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 98a, pre erre 2.Il nonpre erred, s ipments to (all-rail) series
by State of destination.--------------------------- 104 of diagrams showing weekly movement of bituminous
Gutheim, A. G------------------------------------------ 58a. coal to-------------------------------------------- 98–102
Influenza:
H. effect on lake anthracite shipments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64b
Haggerty, H. C------------------------------------ Plate XVIII effect on railroad fuel Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55c
Hall, C. G----------------------------------------- Plate XVIII in anthracite region.--------------------------. . . . . . . . . 116d
Hampton Roads: Innes, W. B--------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
bituminous dumped and on hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XXII | Inspection of railroad field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55d
coal on hand and vessels requiring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XIX | Inspection section:
weekly dumpings, cargo and bunker, diagram. . . . . . . . . . 61 creation of.----------------------------. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91d
INDEX. 137
Inspection section—Continued. Page. Kentucky, Southeastern: Page
organization chart------------------------------ Plate XVIII fuel delivered to railroads, 1918............... --------- 56d
report of.-------------------------------------------- 91d limits as established by Fuel Administrator------------- 114
utilization of State mine inspectors... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92b weekly operating conditions, diagram------------------- 23
International Mercantile Marine Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------ 59C weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
Interstate Commerce Commission, complaints to, regarding by classes of consignees, diagram-------------...... 98c
assigned cars------------------------------------------- 46d by State of destination.-----------------------..... 106
Iowa, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)— Rentucky, western:
by class of consignee, diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100d fuel delivered to railroads, 1918......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
by field of origin, diagram ----------------------------- 110 weekly operating conditions, diagram. ------------------ 23
Iowa field: weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . --- - - - - - - - - - - 56d by classes of consignees, diagram................... 99b
limits as established by Fuel Administration - - - - - - - - - - 114 | ... ... by State of destination----------------------------. ...10%
weekly operating conditions, diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24 Kilgariff, P. T------------------------------------ T'late XVIII
weekly production, 1917–18, curve - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38 : G. P-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— npau, Geo. B---------------------------------- Flate XVIII
by classes of consignees, diagram------------------- 996 Knight, J. O.-----------------------------------. IPlate XVIII
by State of destination----------------------------- 107 L.
Iron: Labor:
coke consumed in manufacture of, 1913–1918, table --- - - 68a. absenteeism------------------------------------------. 21d
prices fixed on iron ore and pig iron------------------- 88b. as affecting railroad fuel supply..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46C
Iron furnaces: number employed—
coke, consumed and on hand August, 1917–November, in anthracite mines-----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20b
1918, curves---------------------------------------- 87–88 in bituminous mines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21b
Coke requirements, 1915–1918, table-------------------- 69d supply at beehive ovens... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86b
consumption, requirements, and shortage of coke, 1917– Labor shortage:
18, table. ----------------------------------------- 68 as a factor limiting production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–24
stocks of coke at--------------------------------------- 86d Connellsville district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84d
supply of coke at-------------------------------------- 68c limiting beehive coke output.---------------. . . . . . . . . . . 76d
w J (See also Absenteeism.) .**
ſº Lake and Canadian Section:
Jannson J. M-- . . . . . . ---------------------------- T’late XVIII duties----------------------------------------------. 62b
Jobbers: . & © tº & organization chart-----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
coke prices fixed, including jobbers’ margin. . . . . . . . . . . 89a, Work of.-------------------------------------------- 62–66
protest 15-cent margin on Smithing coal.----------------- 93a Lake coal: gº
report to State administrator * * * * * sº ge -------------------- 33d anthracite program—
requested to give operators direct assignment.............. 33d as outlined--------------------------------- 63d
shipments to all-rail, Series of diagrams showing weekly completed....................................... 64b
movement of bituminous coal to....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98–102 budget— - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ty
E. as arranged-------------------------------------- 16a,
Iºanawha field: compared to shipments ----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27b, 62d
fuel delivery to railroads, 1918......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58C distribution of anthracite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116C
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— list of orders affecting Lake distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64b
by classes of consignees, diagram........... . . . . . . . . 98d priority order No. 1.---------------------------------- 27d
by State of destination.----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . 105 shipments to lower Lakeports compared to budget,curves—
Ransas field: including vessel fuel----------------------------. 62
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. -------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d excluding vessel fuel----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 time of average vessel detention lessened. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63C
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— transfers of railroad fuel orders to facilitate Lake ship-
by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 99a, ments-------------------------------------------- 50a,
by State of destination................. . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 || Lake Coal & Ore Exchange----------------------......... 25C
Kendall, W. C-------------------------------------------. 58b Lake docks, weekly shipments from (all-rail):
Eenova-Thacker field: by classes of consignees, diagram------------. . . . . . . . . . . 100a,
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56C by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— Lake Erie, per cent of Lake bituminous floatings. . . . . . . . . . 63d
by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 98d Lake Ontario, per cent of Lake bituminous floatings.-------. 63d
by State of destination................. . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 || Lakes, shipments to (all-rail), series of diagrams showing
Kentucky: weekly movement of bituminous coal from each produc-
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and ing field--------------------------------------------- 103–109
operating conditions, diagram.......... ------------. 79 | Land, A. H---------------------------------------. Plate XVIII
weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)— Latrobe district, weekly shipments out of (all-rail):
by class of consignee, diagram................ . . . . . . 101a. by classes of consignees, diagram-----------. . . . . . . . . . . . 983.
by field of origin, diagram......................... 110 by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Rentucky, northeastern: Lawson, D. R------------------------------------ Plate XVIII
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56c | Learoyd, A. S.------------------------------ Plate XVIII, 7,66a
weekly operating conditions, diagram............. . . . . . . 22 | Legal department, violation of Smithing coal orders prose-
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— cuted.------------------------------------------------ 94C
by classes of consignees, diagram----------. . . . . . . . . 98c | Lenhart, C. E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
by State of destination.---------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 | Lesher, C. E....................... Plate XVIII 8, 32b, 119a, 122
138 INDEX.
Page N.
Lewis, W. M. J.----------------------------------. Plate XVIII Page.
Ligonier district, weekly shipments out of (all-rail): National Coal Association.----------------------- -------. 7a, 119C
by classes of consignees, diagram....................... 98a | Navy:
by State of destination............................... 104 requirements. ------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60a,
Lloyd, John, jr-----------------------------------. Plate XVIII weekly dumpings of bunker for, diagram.............. 61
Logan field, fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56c | Nerling, Reuben----------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Louisville & Nashville, carloads delayed for movement New England:
through Cincinnati----------------------------------- Plate W anthracite, distributed to------------------------------ 116C
Lynn, J. T.------------------------------------ Plate XVIII, 8 budget—
as framed.------------------------------------ 16a, 36d
w Mc—M. changes in------------------------------------- 40d, 42d
McCue, H. P. ------------------------------------------- 65a. shipments compared to, diagram....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
McKinney, W. D.--------------------------------- Pläte XVIII consumption and stocks of railroad fuel in, table. . . . . . 49
McLaughlin, F. L.-------------------------------. Plate XVIII embargo on coke through rail gateways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86C
Macleod, A. M------------------------------------------- 7 | order of January, 1918, assigning 500 cars per day. . . . . . 28b
Magee, J. H.-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII shipments to (all-rail), series of diagrams showing weekly
Magrath, C. A.-------------------------------------------- 65a. movement of bituminous coal—
Marsh, W. A.-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII from each producing field.------------. . . . . . . . . . 103–109
Maher, W. H.------------------------------------- Plate XVIII by producing district of origin....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Marsh, W. A.---------------------------------------------- 7, 48a. by classes of consignees............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101C
Marvel, C ----------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 7 rail and tidewater shipments, coal year 1918, curve. . . . . 41
Maryland: shipments compared with budget. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27b.
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and stocks and consumption at industrial plants, curve. . . . 40b
operating conditions, diagram.---------------------- 79 stocks on date of armistice........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26d
Smithing coal, shipments from------------------------- 94–95 weekly dumpings of New England coal at principal
weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)—
by classes of consignee, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101a,
by field of origin, diagram. -----------------------. 111
Massachusetts, coke, by-product, weekly production, capac-
ity, and operating conditions, diagram-------------------- 80
Means, Chas. M---------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 7
Men employed. (See Labor.) -
Mero, S. T.------------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 7
Metallurgical coke. (See Coke.)
Meyers, W. G.------------------------------------ Plate XVIII
Meyersdale. (See Somerset.)
Michigan, weekly shipments of Soft coal into (all-rail):
by class of consignee, diagram. ----------------------- 101b
by field of origin, diagram. ---------------------------- 111
Michigan field:
fuel coal delivered to railroads 1918. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56C
limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly production 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Minnesota:
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and
operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . ---------------. 80
weekly shipments of Soft coal into (all-rail)—
by class of consignee, diagram. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 101b.
by field of origin, diagram------------------------. 111
Missouri fields: a
fuel delivered to railroads 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
weekly production 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
weekly operating conditions, diagram. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram........... -------. 99a,
by State of destination. -------------------------. 104
Montana field:
fuel delivered to railroads 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly production 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
weekly shipments out of (all-rail), by State of destina-
tion, diagram. ------------------------------------- 108
Morrow, J. D. A., general director distribution division. . . .
Plate XVIII, 7, 8
Munitions plants section.------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - 91C
Murphy, F. Elmo. -------------------------------- Plate XVIII
weekly shipments of Soft coal into (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by fields of origin, diagram...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
New Jersey field, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail):
by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101C
by fields of origin, diagram............................ 112
New Mexico field: -
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57a.
limits established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly production 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 100a.
by States of designation, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
New River field:
car supply for coke Övens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84b
fuel delivered to railroads 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
gas coal released by railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52C
limits established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99a,
by States of destination, diagram............ . . . . . . . 105
New York:
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and
operating conditions, diagram... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
shipments via, to New England, curve....... . . . . . . . . . . 42
weekly dumpings, cargo and bunker, diagram. . . . . . . . . 61
weekly shipments of Soft coal into (all-rail)—
by classes of consignee, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101d
by fields of origin, diagram....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
New York Central Railroad, eastbound freight above normal:
east of Buffalo-----------------------. . . . . . . . . . . Plate XIV
West of Buffalo------------------------------..... Plate XV
New York Harbor, bituminous dumped and on hand. . . Plate XXI
Nichols, C. B------------------------------------ Plate XVIII, 7
Nonessential consumers (see Preference list). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27C
Norfolk (See also Hampton Roads): t
shipments via, to New England, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
weekly dumpings, coal year 1918–19, curve........ . . . . . 60
Norfolk & Western, carloads delayed for movement through
Columbus--------------------------------------..... Plate XI
INDEX. ,
139
North Carolina field, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-
rail): Page.
by classes of consignees, diagram----------------------- 101d
by fields of origin, diagram---------------------------- 112 ||
North Dakota field, fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. - - - - - - - 56d
Northwest (see also Lake coal):
anthracite allotments, table-------------------------- 64a
requirements. --------------------------------------- 62d
Northwest docks, weekly shipments from (all-rail):
by classes of consignees, diagram---------------------- 100a.
by States of destination, diagram----------------------- 109
Noyes, P. B-------------------------------------------- - - 66a
Number of mines---------------------------------- 18b, 18d, 20
O.
O’Connell, G-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Ogle, A. M., director State distribution-------------- 8, 29b, 115a
Ohio:
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and
operating conditions.------------------------------- 81
weekly production, 1917–18, curve. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37
weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)—
by class of consignees, diagram. ------------------ 102a.
by field of origin, diagram------------------------- 112
Ohio, eastern and central, limits as established by Fuel
Administration----------------------------------------- 114
Ohio fields, weekly operating conditions, diagram. - - - - - - - - - 24
Ohio, northern: -
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56C
weekly deliveries of railroad fuel, curve............... 51
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram------------------. 98c
by State of destination. -------------------------- 104
Ohio, southern:
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56C
limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly deliveries of railroad fuel, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram------------------- 98C
by State of destination. -------------------------- 105
Oil division.---------------------------------------------- 26a.
Oklahoma field:
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918........................ 56d
Smithing coal shipments.------------------------------ 94, 95
weekly operating conditions, diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24
weekly production 1917–1919, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 99a,
by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Old Dominion Steamship Co-----------------------------. 59C
Operating conditions:
bituminous coal industry, Series of diagrams showing
weekly operating conditions by districts—
Alabama. --------------------------------------- 23
Cumberland-Piedmont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fairmont---------------------------------------- 22
Hazard------------------------------------------- 22
Illinois------------------------------------------ 23
Indiana------------------------------------------ 23
Iowa--------------------------------------------- 24
Kentucky, northeastern........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Kentucky, Southeastern--------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Kentucky, Western. --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23
Ohio. ------------------------------------------- 24
Pacific coast fields-------------------------------- 24
Pennsylvania, central. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Pennsylvania, northwestern...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Pittsburgh.--------------------------------------- 22
Operating conditions—Continued.
bituminous coal industry, series of diagrams showing
weekly operating conditions by districts—Contd.
Page.
Rocky Mountain fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Somerset County-------------------------------. 22
Southwestern fields------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tennessee------------------------------------... 23
Virginia, Southwestern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
West Virginia, high volatile...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
West Virginia, low volatile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
United States as a whole, weekly conditions, 1918–
19, diagram--------------------------......... 21
coke industry—
beehive, weekly production and losses, January,
1918—February, 1919, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
by products, diagrams showing weekly production
and losses by causes, January, 1918—February,
1919, by States----------------............... - 78–82
table, operating conditions, first quarter, 1918 and
1919, by States. .
* * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 76
Ore & Coal Exchange---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62c, 63a, 63c, 66a, 66b
Organization chart of distribution division. . . . . . . . . Plate xvi.II
Ovens. (See Coke ovens.)
P.
Pacific coast fields, weekly operating conditions, diagram... 24
Panhandle field, West Virginia, fuel delivered to railroads,
1918----------------------------------------.......... 56C
Parker, Judge E. B. (See War Industries Board and Priori-
ties Committee.) t
Parker, Herbert G-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII, 48a
Payment, work of distribution division regarding. . . . . 31b.
Pennsylvania:
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity, and
operating conditions-----------..................... 82
Smithing coal, shipments from...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94, 95
weekly production, 1917–18, curve.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
by fields of origin, diagram....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Pennsylvania anthracite. (See Anthracite.)
Pennsylvania, central:
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56b
gas coal released by railroads..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52C
limits established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Supplied coal to Charlotte docks..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63d
weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97a
by States of destination, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
| Pennsylvania, northwestern:
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56b
limits established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97d
by States of destination, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Bennsylvania Railroad, eastbound freight above normal:
West of Pittsburgh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVII
east of Pittsburgh.--------------------. . . . . . . . . . Plate XVII
Percentage of full-time operation. (See Operating conditions.)
Philadelphia:
bituminous dumped and on hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XXIII
shipments via, to New England, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
weekly dumpings—
by use and destination, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
total bituminous, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 60
Philbin, J. Harry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
140 INDEX.
Pittsburgh district: Page. Priority orders—Continued. Page.
fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918.................. 56b for railroad fuel-------------------------------------- 47a
gas coal released by railroads.-------.................. 52c Order No. 1.------------------------------------------- 27d
railroad fuel orders transferred from.................... 50a | Producing field, shipments out of (all-rail), series of diagrams
Pittsburgh and Panhandle district: showing weekly movement of bituminous coal: f
limits established by Fuel Administration............. 114 by classes of consignees--------------------------..... 98–100
Weekly operating conditions, diagram. ................ 22 by State of destination------------------------....... 103–109
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— , Production:
by classes of consignees, diagram. - - - - -........... 98a, anthracite— - -
by States of destination, diagram. . . .............. 103 annual, 1849–1918... . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - llc
Pocahontas field: weekly, April 1, 1917–April 5, 1919, curve.......... 117
car supply for coke ovens----------------------------- 84b bituminous—
gas coal released by railroads-------------------------. 52c annual, 1849–1918-----------------------------... llc
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918........................ 56d by districts, 1917--------------------------------- 16b
limits established by Fuel Administration............. 114 decline in, per man per day...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21C
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— estimated weekly, by States, curve.... . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 38
by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . .......... 98d monthly output, January, 1913–April, 1919, curve.. 36
by States of destination, diagram------------------ 105 weekly output, coal years 1917–18 and 1918–19,
Pools (see also Tidewater Coal Exchange): Curve------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37
Lake pools abolished November 23, 1918.............. 63a. where increase over 1917 occurred. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26b
tidewater and Lake---------------------------------- 25C coke—
Port representatives, organization chart............. T’late XVIII beehive—
Ports, situation at--------------------------- Plates XIX-XXIII Connellsville district, table................... 75b
Preference lists: monthly, 1915–1918, table...................... 72C
assembling------------------------------------------- 32b weekly, 1917–18, table......................... 72–75
compilation of instructions--------------------------. 34a. by-product—
for coke consumers---------------------------------- 85C monthly, 1917–18, table........................ 72a
instructions regarding------------------------------ 32b, 32d weekly, January, 1918—February, 1919, by
List No. 1– States, curves....------------............... 77–82
application of. ---------------------------------- 29d total—
assembling--------------------------------------- 29b annual, 1913–1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67C
issued April 6, 1918------------------------------ 28C by States, 1917–18, table.............. . . . . . . . . . 71c
shipments pending assembling-------------------. 30a, current statistics, method of collecting and handling... 123a
List No. 2, issued September, 1918------------......... 30C work of distribution division concerning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30b
Preferred industries. (See Industries.) Production bureau--------------------------............. 24b
Preferred users, work of distribution division regarding..... 30b | Public utilities, shipments to (all-rail), series of diagrams
Preparation: showing weekly movement of bituminous coal to....... 98–102
penalties on dirty coal-------------------------------. 92a || Railroad Administration.... 50d, 52c, 54b, 54d, 55d, 58,62c,63a,92b
per cent of mines improperly preparing coal. . . . . . . . . . . 92d agreement to eliminate assigned cars.................... 47d
supervised by inspection division...-----------........ 91d cooperation with-------------------------............. 47d.
Prices: traffic conditions reported by, diagrams. . . . . Plates III–YVII
coke— text of orders concerning assigned cars.................. - 58
beehive price adjusted to cost of production. . . . . . . 91a. Railroad fuel:
by-product, reduction of- - - ---------------....... 89b, agreement with Railroad Administration, concerning... 43b
differentials— bituminous fuel delivered to railroads by producing dis-
between beehive and by-product----. . . . . . . . . . 89a tricts, 1918, table-----------------.................. 56
between furnace, foundry, and crushed. . . . . . . 89b confiscations------------------------................. 54b
gas-house coke price fixed. -----.................. 89b contracts---------------------------------------...... 54d
iron ore, pig iron, steel, and coke, September 24, 1917 88b deliveries and consumption in 1918, tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
regulation of------------------------------------- 86C effect of influenza upon.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55C
text of orders fixing------------------------------ 89c–90 for Canadian roads---------------...................... 55b
bituminous— orders transferred to facilitate Lake shipments. . . . . . . . . 50a
reduction of 10 cents on account of elimination of policy proposed March 1, 1918-----.................... 47C
assigned cars----------------------------------- 47d Priorities Committee resolution...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48d
bituminous, spot coal price discourages coke produc- priority orders—
tion, 1917------------------------------------------- 86d issued------------------------------............. 47a.
railroad fuel-----------------------------------------. 55d canceled-----------------------.................. 48
Smithing coal-------------------------------------- 93a, 93b problem of.----------------------------............... 46b
Priorities: rejections--------------------------.................. 54b
as as between consumers determined by War Industries relation of to total production, 1915–1918, diagram...... 56a
Board---------------------------------------------- 27c, d requisitions----------------------..................... 54d
priorities of cars and priority of coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 shipments of (all-rail), series of diagrams showing weekly
Priorities committee (see also War Industries Board): movement of bituminous coal to...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98–109
adds names to preference list.-------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . 30c stocks—
preference list No. 1.----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28C at 6-month intervals, July, 1916, to January, 1919–
resolution of June 18, 1918------------. . . . . . . ........ . . . 48d *W*------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Priority orders: table--------------------.................... 54
for industrials and public utilities.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . 47a. carried over into 1919............................. 53d
INDEX. 141
Railroad Administration—Continued. Page.
stocks—Continued. Smith, J. B. ------------------------------------- T’late XVIII
June–December, 1918— Page. Smithing coal:
Cllr VeS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53 abuse of price exemption on--------------------------- 93a.
table---------------------------------------- 54 Canadian shipments---------------------------------- 94a
storage of.--------------------------------------- 52d cross-hauling of.------------------------------------- 93d
text of important orders and communications------ - - - - - 58 distribution of shipments, by States, table. ... . . . . . . . . . 95
use of anthracite------------------------------------. 55a, final price regulations--------------------------------- 93b
weekly deliveries— permit required to ship to Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65a.
from Indiana, curve------------------------------- 52 returned to same price basis as other coals- - - - - - - - - - - - - 932,
from Ohio, curves--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 51 shipments from 88 mines, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Tailroad fuel section: zones for-------------------------------------------- 93d
creation--------------------------------------------- 48a Smokeless prohibited for domestic use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62d
functions------------------------------------- * - - - - - - - 53d Snead, L. A.--------------------------------------------- 7
organization chart------------------------------ Plate XVIII | Snow, R. C--------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Railroads: Somerset field:
list of roads given railroad fuel priority orders------ - - - - 47b fuel coal delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 56b
monthly report on fuel supply-------------------------- 49a limits established by Fuel Administration.............. 114
Rating: Weekly operating conditions, diagram.... . . . . . . . ....... 22
mines on development rating-------------------------- 19b, 20 weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— -
mines on established rating-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98b.
Requisitions by the railroads------------------------------- 54d by States of destination, diagram.................. 104
Rejections of coal by railroads...--------------------------- 54b | South Carolina, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail):
Replogle, J. Leonard. (See Director of steel supply.) by classes of consignees, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102C
Rail gateways, embargo on coke through New England. ... - 86c by fields or origin, diagram---------------------------- 113
Beconsignment, report of to district representaive----------- 33d Southwestern field, limits established by Fuel Administra-
Reed, C. E. -------------------------------------- Plate XVIII tion---------------------------------------------------- 114
Reeves, R. D. . . . . ------------------------------- Plate XVIII | State administrators:
Reimann, F. B. ---------------------------------- Plate XVIII application of preference list.-------------------...... 2961
Requirements: duty of, to individual consumers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a,
anthracite for Government use--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 116a, instructions to—
bunker— directed to level stocks. -----------------------... 44b.
domestic. --------------------------------------- 14C general------------------------------------------- 35a.
foreign------------------------------------------- 14b instructions to, limitation of storage, Sept. 13, 1918. . . . 45b
coal for beehive coke. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14b relations with district representative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33a,
coal perton of shipping------------------------------- 13d required to assemble preference lists
coal per ton of steel----------------------------------- 13d responsibility and function. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30, 31.
consumption as a measure of. ------------------------- 11 Supplied with duplicate copies of weekly reports from
difficulty in estimating-------------------------------- 11 CODSuſneſs- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 121b
domestic--------------------------------------------- 14a | State and county institutions, shipments to (all-rail), series
exports- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14b of diagrams showing weekly movement of bituminous
industrial, how calculated.--------------------------- 13C coal to----------------------------------------------- 98–102
public utilities---------------------------------------- 14b Statistical methods-------------------------------------. 121–129
railroads. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14b | Statistics:
Smokeless powder plants.----------------------------- 14a. a necessity to the Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . 117d, 118
Requisitions for railroad fuel in effect Dec. 30, 1918. . . . . . . . 55a on coal published by Federal agencies. . . . . . . . . 118a,
Reserves underground---------------------------------- 17b, 18 types required for work of Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . 1182.
Retail dealers: Statistics, bureau of. (See Bureau of Statistics.)
required to report to state administrator---------------- 32c | Stauffer, H. K------------------------------------. Plate XVIII
shipments to (all-rail), series of diagrams showing weekly Steam coal limitations on storage of.-----......... . 44d
movement of bituminous coal to-------------------- 98–102 || Steam sizes. (See Anthracite.)
Rhode Island, output of by-product coke begun in . . . . . . . . . 75d | Steel and munitions section, organization chart. . . . . . Plate XVIII
Richards, W. J.--------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 8a | Stocks (see also Storage):
Richards, W. H.------------------------------------------ 115C accumulation encouraged. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43C
Rinn, Samuel A.---------------------------------- Plate XVIII at by-product coke-oven plants, January, 1918—February,
Robin, B------------------------------------------ Plate XVIII 1919. --------------------------------------------- 36C
Bocky Mountain fields, weekly operating conditions, diagram 24 low volatile, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Roehrig, G. M-------------------------------------- Dlate XVIII high volatile, curve.-------------------. . . . . . . . . . . 39
Rumpler, Alex. --------------------------- - - - - - - Plate XVIII at industrial plants in New England, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40b
at iron and steel plants, January, 1918—February, 1919. 36c
S. gas coal, curve----------------------------------. 39
Schaefer, H. T. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plate XVIII steam coal, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Scott, Henry B. ---------------------------------- Plate XVIII at North Atlantic ports.............. . . . . . Plates XIX-XXIII
Seymour, G. M------------------------------------ Plate XVIII coke at foundries, June 30, 1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69a,
Shipping Board - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40d, 59c gas coal at gas plants, July, 1918—February, 1919, curve... 44a
Size of mines and production by, table. ------------------- 19 general course of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44a.
Smelters, coke requirements of, 1915–1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . 69d held by New England railroads, table ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Smith, C. F. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plate XVIII necessity for ascertaining......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120a,
142 INDEX.
Stocks—Continued. Page.
railroad fuel— Treasury Department----------------------------------- 86d,96c
at 6-month intervals, July, 1916–January, 1919— Page. Tug River field: &
CuTVeS- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53 limits as established by Fued Administration - - - - - - - - - - 114
table---------------------------------------- 54 weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
June–December, 1918, curves........... . . . . . . . . . . . 53 by classes of consignees, diagrams-----------. . . . . . . 99a,
Weekly statistics of... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123d by State of destination-------------------------‘. . . . 105
Storage (see also Stocks): U -- *
increase allowed, order of October 16, 1918... . . . . . . . . . . 43d tº *
limitations on August 22, 1918............. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44c | United Mine Workers, educating miners to importance of
maximum allowed, order of September 13, 1918......... 45b clean coal--------------------------------------------- 92c
of railroad fuel--------------------------------------- 52d | Utah field:
Work of distribution division regarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31a, fuel delivered to railroads, 1918........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57a,
Storrow, J. J.--------------------------------------------- 40d limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
Strikes as a factor limiting production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–24 weekly production, 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Suter, Jesse C------------------------------------- Plate XVIII weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
T by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 100a,
g by State of destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Taylor, H. N.-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Tennessee: W.
coke, by-product, weekly production, capacity and op- Van Houghten, J---------------------------------- Plate XVIII
erating conditions---------------------------------- 82 | Virginia, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail):
weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail)— by class of consignee, diagram.......................... 102d
by class of consignee, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102C by field of origin, diagram------------................. 113
by field of origin, diagram------------------------- 113 | Virginia anthracite field:
Tennessee field: limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56d transfers to from Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55b.
limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114 Virginia, southwestern:
Smithing coal shipments.------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 94–95 car supply for coke ovens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84b
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d
by classes of consignees, diagram.... --------------- 99a, weekly operating conditions, diagram.............. . . . . . 23
by State of destination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
weekly operating conditions, diagram------------------ 23 by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 99b.
Terminal Coal Association.-------------------------------- 25C by State of destination............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Texas fields:
fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56d W.
weekly production, 1917–18, curve......... . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Wagon mines required to report to State administrator. . . . . . 32C.
weekly operating conditions, diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 War Department orders for coal, 1918, table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97a,
Thacker field. (See Kenova–Thacker.) War Industries Board:
Thom, W. T.----------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 32 decided what consumers had preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32a.
Tidewater: * Preference list No. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28c, 28d, 29
budget---------------------------------------------- 40b responsible for priority of use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26b.
dumpings at other ports. . . . . . . ----------------------- 62a || War Revenue Act, uncertainty regarding affects coke output. 86b
New England movement, coal year, 1918–19, curve. . . . . 41 Warren, W. H. -------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII
reserve supplies at- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59c Warriner, S. L.------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Plate XVIII, 115c
shipments to, all-rail, series of diagrams showing weekly Washington field:
movement of bituminous coal to, from each producing fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57a,
State--------------------------------------------- 103-109 limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
situation at North Atlantic ports.......... Plates XIX-XXIII weekly production, 1917–18, curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
weekly dumpings, coal year, 1918–19, curve. . . . . . . . . . . 60 | West, T. C. ---------------------------------------- Plate XVIII
Tidewater Coal Exchange: Westmoreland field:
coal handled through Shipping Board account. . . . . . . . . 59CI gas coal released by railroads......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52C
daily reports--------------------------------- Plate XIX, 60b limits as established by Fuel Administration. . . . . . . . . . . 114
origin ------------------------------------------------- 25C weekly shipments out of (all-rail)—
Tidewater section: by classes of consignees, diagram.......... . . . . . . . . . 98a,
balances rail movement to port with bottoms at port. . . 60b by State of destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
organization chart------------------------------. Plate XVIII | West Virginia:
Work of.----------------------------------------------- 59–62 Smithing coal shipments.------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94–95
Tierney, A. J.-------------------------------------- Plate XVIII high volatile fields of Southern limits as established by
Toluol---------------------------------------------------- 130C Fuel Administration................................ 114
Transfers: * weekly operating conditions, diagram.............. . . . . . 23
anthracite for railroad fuel from Pennsylvania to Virginia 55b low volatile fields of Southern weekly operating con-
railroad fuel orders to facilitate Lake shipments. . . . . . . . 50a, ditions, diagram-----------------------------------. 23
Transportation: Panhandle. (See Pittsburgh and Panhandle.)
as a factor limiting production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-25 | White, C. P. -------------------------- Plate XVIII, 7, 65a, 66a
conditions at critical points, diagrams. . . . . Plates III to XVII | Wilkinson, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dlate XVIII
limiting production of coke. -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 76b | Winding Gulf field, limits as established by Fuel Adminis-
limiting factor in the eastern situation.......... . . . . . . . . 26d tration ------------------------------------------------ 114
INDEX. 143
Wisconsin, weekly shipments of soft coal into (all-rail): Page. Z. Page.
by classes of consignee, diagram------------------------ * | Zimmerman, W. R................................ Plate XVIII
by field of origin, diagram.---------------------------- * | Zone permit bureau....................................... 1296.
Witzel, C. A.--------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 66a || Zones: ga
Wyoming fields: tº adoption of----------------------------------------. 7b, 25c
º fuel delivered to railroads, 1918. -:-------------------- 56d changed to assist Lake shipments.---------------------- 63b
limits as established by Fuel Administration........... 114. determination by Bureau of Statistics. . . . . . . . . ... 119d., 121c
weekly production, 1917–18, curve..................... 39 for Smithing coal-------------------------------------- 93d
weekly shipments out of (all-rail)— modifications of.------------------------------------- 43b
by classes of consignees, diagram. -------------...... 100a, purpose and effect of................................. 27a,
by State of destination.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 regulations applied to Canada also.------------. . . . . . . . . 65b.
Y relation for budget-----------------------------------. 17C
Yerkes, S. L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate XVIII, 7 use of statistics in determining......................... 118a.
Yule, A---------------------------------- Plate XVIII, 94a, 94e
123976°—19—PT I—10
Photomount
Pamphlet
Binder
Gaylord Bros., Inc.
Makers
Syracuse, N. Y.
PAI, JAN 21, 1908
| 12
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