، ، ، % a&- * * ·， & ſ & s ： »… · · · ·,≤ . .", ·'«¿?.?.?.?.ſ. * * ºwº pae . . . . . g| ſº ： »º ~----d.،~* * * *5 Lº s „º-º.s.v. ： „ . ：Lº s’ºeſº.º.º.，ſae （， ） » ~º, ºſº-º » wºwºſº）,§. 8,8 ºſ."·"） ¿（****. : （.* * • ºſ ºſ~ſ'， ſººs ’:’’.” （ ）t.Œ œ ：ºſ“, ” º wſ',aſſº?º ſae . ~ſae'…º.º.º. • • • •#* * * * ， ， ， t.“,º n º wºwº, ","）"，"...º.-* ：º x： | * * , " ",■■ º * * * · 4 × … ► ،º ， , ， ， ,* * * < ∞， ∞* & ·' ， ， ， : º •' a.º ***， … i ſº z. §. sae &، ، ، ！”：º • ！ * * * * * • • • • „... º.* * · * #3ºº - * ， * * * * * · · ·…· & ºſ， ， ， ， .∞· Cº. -* • • • •[×} º， ,-"…º.º.º， ， ,”... ºſv. -， -， -，º.º. （'.',º; , ， ， ）.-*： < . ）&ae**，·，≤） ** ç ···º ，：*** · · · ··M， （* ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ≠√°'）; -：-：** …&º Rº º. s. a. w. s）●ºſºſº ſº sº ， ~^|-* ~ ，* ºº ，<！-- *** -· º sº':.*?（º.º.º.º.º.}} ،~·،* • • • . …-”., ;* esae 4.·：& & & ."A" cºsa，！ ¡ ¿ ·w：-A * * *●º ,ſaen'）,'',''，''，'','',º.º. ，，§： ：…-----' ’ . . . . . . . . ºf ， ， ，¿§ ' ！ ~：~•© º €.0w a À"，$（'#';ºſ;§ ¶ •： |-→! 7،§ 4ſae … * * · ·,！\，,sºſºwºſº,ſiſºſ-¿q^.*\?.§: **， …ſae * * * * .ºſº* . ：：ſaegſeyºſº（）;',ſº, ºſ，ºſhaeº,w №w， .º.º. waeſ § ， ！·º … ;º šå .• ׺ ș ، ، ،№, º， ººvº ºſ aº ſ●-º ºſº „ , ~--~~«…→،* · · §ºſº,，,^.^_^ ,，，（"a"）§ ¶ ¡ ¿"，！ ¡ ¿∞¿? -t.：* ， ， , ， ， !ſº„ºbº' * * * *§§*（ 4.ſº：§iſ.º.）*）”,№ <！--->* * * &&! ！！·· ·r.' * * * * * * * · * （º.ſ.ſkr. ~ $ ºº.º.º.º.º.） - , ： „ “…º £：* * ,«.× •§：ſſa （, ， , ， …’.（ſººſťºſ:53， ºſ · · · · · · · ·,**********, ， ,''],， ， ， ）~ | • •º * * * ， , ， ， ,i º ºm·· ſº ºſ/* .* * * * ！، № k; ſae&& z · * ·- U^{ < |- - CC Lų > }< #--- !:|C4 w+ /*\� tº į „Sº w -Cť.^}} < -**Duw 4O \， q VA ºx-to | IF ſyſ’ſ]\\ Ilſſº'ſ -”- “... . | AU628.1% MEMOIRS uBRARY OF - • -: - - §º, º A. W. C. T. Hºº • W. $4 - 4. -- #! § fº ſº º f : :" - * w, w 2- . . .x, rºw § OF THE **** tº ºf , ºf : # # #####..… ; ; ; ** CARNEGIE MUSEUM. - %iſ. - º ºs THE FISHES or wFSTERN SOUTH AMERICA, PART I. º THE FRESH-WATER FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA, - INCLUDING COLOMBIA, PANAMA, AND THE PACIFIC SLOPES OF ECUADOR AND PERU, TOGETHER WITH AN APPENDIX UPON THE FISHES OF THE RIO META IN COLOMBIA.” BY C. H. EIGENMANN. (PLATEs I-XXXVIII.) INTRODUCTORY. The present memoir deals with the fresh-water fishes of the area between the Panama Canal and the southern boundary of Peru, between the Pacific Ocean and the continental divide from Crucero Alto in Peru to northern Ecuador, thence along the crest dividing the Amazon, Orinoco, and Maracaibo Basins on the east from the Magdalena Basin to the west. It thus includes the fishes of all of the streams on the Pacific slopes of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and southern Panama, as well as of the rivers of Colombia flowing north into the Caribbean Sea and the Chagres River of Panama, which also empties into the Caribbean. The fishes of Chile will be dealt with elsewhere. I planned an expedition to Colombia as early as 1891. The trip was aban- doned, however, and other work engrossed my attention. In 1904 when the United States took over the Panama Canal, I thought the time opportune to arouse interest in a general biological survey of Panama. I wrote first of all to the United States National Museum and received in reply a communication dated April 15, * Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Indiana University, No. 172. 1 2 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 1904, and signed by Dr. Richard Rathbun, Assistant Secretary. He said in %. substance that “the Smithsonian Institution is . . . endeavoring to arrange . . . for a complete natural history investigation, which would, . . . include the fresh- water fishes. . . . The fullest opportunity will be given for collecting in all the important groups.” In Science, N.S., XXII, July 7, 1905, pp. 18–20, and in the Popular Science Monthly, June, 1906, pp. 515–530, and more fully in “Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia,” III, 1910, pp. 275–511, I published estimates of the importance of a biological survey of Panama and the bearing of the distri- bution of the fishes in this area upon the general problem of the distribution of fishes in South America. . . At the meeting of the American Microscopical Society at Sandusky, Ohio, in August, 1905, resolutions were passed on my initiative, urging a biological survey of Panama. The following reasons, as given, were published in the proceedings of the meeting: “Panama is a point of strategic importance in the study of the distribution of fresh-water organisms in South and Middle America. It is certain that the Pacific slope fresh-water fauna of South and Middle America was derived from the Atlantic slope fauna. The Isthmus of Panama is one of the possible routes of migration. The Panama Canal, when completed, will destroy natural barriers and cause the faunas of the two slopes to mingle to a great extent. It will thus permanently obliterate the natural and primitive conditions, and it is highly desirable that a biological survey of this region be made before the completion of the canal.” . 3. - At the meeting of the International Zoëlogical Congress at Boston in 1907 the Section on Zoëgeographical Distribution passed similar resolutions and submitted them to the general session. Mr. Alexander Agassiz, the presiding officer, mis- understanding the resolutions and believing that they called for the duplication of work upon the oceanic faunas already in large part done under his direction, remarked when the resolutions were introduced, that he hoped the Congress would have nothing to do with such a foolish proposition.” I therefore sent a communication to the Council through Professor Henry Fairfield Osborn, giving an abstract of the report on which the resolutions were based, accompanied by distributional maps and explaining in detail the purpose of the resolutions. The Council, of which Mr. Agassiz was President, thereupon approved the resolutions, and they were passed unanimously by the general session. At the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 3 in December, 1907, a resolution was adopted urging the President and Congress to make provision for a biological survey of the Panama Canal Zone. The per- manent Secretary was instructed to send copies of the resolution to the President, the Vice President, the Speaker of the House, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Similar resolutions were passed by the Ohio Academy of Sciences, the Indiana Academy of Sciences, and the American Society of Naturalists. In Science for December 16, 1910 (N.S., Vol. XXXII, pp. 855–856) appeared an article, from which the following extracts have been taken: “A biological survey of the Panama Canal Zone is about to be undertaken under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution. . . . . - . “Secretary Walcott considered these appeals [resolutions mentioned abovel and under his direction a meeting of representatives of the National Museum, the Bureau of Fisheries, and the Biological Survey, the Bureau of Entomology, and the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture was held. Their decisions confirmed the desirability of such a survey and in consequence of their opinions he prepared the . . . memorandum which was submitted to President Taft. ... * - . “President Taft fully approved the plan for a biological survey and suggested that such arrangements be made with the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor as would enable him to have their active coöperation in this important work. The arrangements are now in an advanced state, and field parties will be sent to the isthmus at an early date.” SOURCES OF THE COLLECTIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. ... With other naturalists sent to investigate various branches of zoölogy, the late Dr. S. E. Meek, from the Field Museum of Natural History of Chicago, and Mr. S. F. Hildebrand, representing the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, spent the winter of 1910–11 in and about the Panama Canal Zone studying the fishes. Later they spent a second season in Panama, exploring among other places the southern part of the Tuyra Basin. Their report, a splendid volume, has appeared as “The Fishes of the Fresh Waters of Panama” in the publications of the Field Museum of Natural History (Pub. 191, 1916, Zoël. Series, Vol. 10, No. 15, pp. 1–374, 26 plates). In preparing this report, Mr. Hildebrand availed himself of the collections and laboratories of Indiana University during the winter of 1915–1916. Dupli- cates of the Meek and Hildebrand Collection are in the Indiana University Mu- seum, and the Carnegie Museum received some of them through an exchange with the U. S. National Museum. - - - 4. - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. To carry the work southward to the San Juan and Atrato Rivers I arrived at Cartagena, Colombia, on J anuary 3, 1912. I was accompanied by Mr. Arthur Bierhaus, who, however, returned after our first month in the field. The full account of this expedition appears elsewhere in this volume under the caption, “The Colombian Reconnaissance.” Manuel Gonzales of Bogotá became my chief assistant from Bogotá to Buenaventura and Cartagena. He later collected for me within a radius of a few days’ travel of Bogotá, especially to the eastward of Bogotá in the head-waters of the Rio Meta. - - Brother Apolinar Maria, Director of the “Instituto de la Salle” of Bogotá has sent me various collections between 1914 and 1918, especially from the “llanos,” or plains, at the eastern base of the Andes, the streams of which form a part of the Orinoco system by way of the Meta River. These collections, together with those of Gonzales mentioned above, are reported upon in Appendix I of this paper. After my return from Colombia. Mr. Carl G. Fisher and Mr. Hugh McK. Landon, both of Indianapolis, provided the means to enable Mr. Charles E. Wilson and Mr. Arthur W. Henn, at the time students in Indiana University, to visit western Colombia in 1913. The Carnegie Museum received the first series of fishes from this expedition and granted my request that an account of this new material, appropriately illustrated, should be incorporated in my report upon the fishes of Colombia. . - . . Mr. Landon and Indiana University later provided the means to enable Mr. Henn to continue his trip to southern Ecuador and along the interandean plateaus of Ecuador. The first series of this expedition is in the collections of Indiana University, the second series is in the Carnegie Museum. An account of this trip occurs elsewhere under the title, “The Landon Expedition to Colombia and Ecuador.” . .” I have had the coöperation of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Bache Fund of the National Academy of Sciences, the University of Illinois, and lastly of Mr. Will G. Irwin of Columbus, Indiana, who helped carry the survey as far south as Puerto Montt in Chile during the Irwin Expedition. Collections fróm this area have been lent to me by the Field Museum of Natural History, the National Museum, and the Museum of Comparative Zoëlogy. I have also had the privilege of examining some of the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and of Leland Stanford, Jr., University. I have examined over ninety-five per cent of the entire recorded fauna. I failed to see, or failed to recognize, slightly less than five per cent of the total fauna. . The drawings were made by Mr. W. S. Atkinson of Stanford University and EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 5 Dr. Clarence H. Kennedy, now of Ohio State University. The photographs of the fishes are the joint product of Dr. W. A. Cogshall, Miss Maud Siebenthal, and myself. : - . Indiana University relieved me of teaching duties to enable me to collect the material and to prepare this memoir. - - PHYSICAL FEATURES." The Pacific slope of South America, four thousand miles long and rarely over one hundred miles wide, resembles a veritable shoe-string in shape. Conditions in this area vary from extremely wet to extremely dry, from wet tropical to dry and wet temperate, and from heat to cold, as one goes south from Panama to Cape Horn. - - The rainfall in the Canal Zone exceeds two hundred inches per annum. In Buenaventura it is said to be between two hundred and fifty and four hundred inches per year. This condition prevails to the Rio Esmeraldas in Ecuador (Veatch, “Quito to Bogota,” p. 163). South of the Rio Esmeraldas the country becomes more and more arid. On the coasts of Peru and of Chile south to Copiapó the rainfall is negligible ; it does not average one inch per annum. In Peru all of the water for agriculture is derived from the rivers descending from the mountains, and in a portion of Chile, between the Loa and Copiapó Rivers, even this source fails. In Serena, central Chile, the annual amount has ranged from about two to eight and one-half inches per annum (observations made between 1869 and 1910); and in Santiago between four and thirty-one inches, the latter, an extreme . record, in one of the years between 1873 and 1910. In Concepción the rainfall has been between 26.6 and 40 inches during the period from 1876 to 1910; in Valdivia between seventy-three and one hundred and forty-three inches from 1872 to 1910; and at Puerto Montt between seventy-one and one hundred and twenty- eight inches. The amount of rainfall also varies very greatly with the altitude at any cross- section. Behind the coastal range there are local dry areas, even in the wet regions of Colombia. The upper Dagua river runs through such a “rain shadow” between Caldas and Cisnero, and the upper Cauca runs in the shadow of the western Cordil- lera and is comparatively arid. . Throughout Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia there are two main chains of the Andes, the Maritime or Western Cordillera, extending from near Cevitagina in * This account of the physical features of the country is in large part a reproduction of what ap- peared in the Indiana University Studies, No. 45, pp. 5–11 (1920). 6 - . MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Colombia to Cape Horn, and east of these the older of the two, called Blanca (or white) in Peru, Oriental in Ecuador, and Central in Colombia. ... " PERU. The physical features of western Peru are very simple. The crests of the Western Cordillera always form the divide between the Titicaca or Atlantic drainage and the Pacific drainage. The crest has an elevation of over 14,000 feet everywhere, except in northern Peru. At Huarmarca, inland from Paita, a dip in the crest has an elevation of only 6,700 feet. Enock (“Peru,” 1910, p. 11), SayS: “The traveller who enters the interior of Peru from the Pacific Coast must invariably cross the Andes at an altitude of 14,000 feet or more, for the passes of the main Cordillera all reach this elevation. There is one exception in the northerly part of the country towards the frontier of Ecuador, where a low gap exists in the Andes of some 6,700 feet elevation; but this is the only exception in thousands of miles of continuous mountain chain.” - - In Peru the Pacific slope is drained by a large number of rivers rising in the western Andes. After a comparatively short and very swift course they either empty into the ocean, or are lost in the sands near the coast, or are more or less exhausted in irrigation projects. Only one of the rivers has a north and south trend for any considerable distance. This is the Rio Santa in central Peru, which in its upper course flows between two chains of the Western Cordillera. All of the rivers have a very great seasonal fluctuation. The Peruvian Bureau of Engineers has made observations extending through a number of years. Ac- cording to their observations the crest of the flow is usually reached in March and the minimum about August. The minimum is reached earlier in the south than in the north. The period from January to June is usually unfavorable for ichthyo- logical exploration. Their results, as given in Boletin No. 84, Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas de Peru, Lima, 1917, are generalized in the following table: The stretches between successive rivers on the Pacific slope of Peru are in most cases extremely dry deserts, or mountain masses into which the rivers have cut deep gorges. The Vitor River in southern Peru, for instance, rises in an upland meadow (over 14,000 feet), flows through a region of volcanic ash, and has in its middle course a valley (Vitor Valle) about a mile wide, cultivated in vines, figs, small fruits, and grain. It then falls to a lower level near the coast, where there is another valley. Looking from the hills about Yura near Arequipa toward the ocean, the land is a billowy mass of arid, sand-drifted mountains and plains, with nothing green visible anywhere.” - - - * At Arequipa there is one species of Pygidium. At Tiabaya a species of “peje rey” (Basilichthys) EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN. SOUTH AMERICA. 7 ve f . DISCHARGE OF WARIOUS RIVERS OF PERU. (Cubic meters per second, always at the same date in the months indicated.) Name of River. Maximum. Month. Minimum. - Month. Cub. M. Cub. M. - Santa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 Feb.-March - 37.0 June–Oct. Chira. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,250 Jan.-March 5.4 Sept.-Nov. Tumbez. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 Jan.-April 10.0 Sept.-Nov. Piura. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Feb.-March 0.0 Sept.-Feb. Chicama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 “. “ 1.5 June–Nov. Pativilca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 & ( ; ; 10.7 May–Oct. Jequetepeque . . . . . . . . • . . 250 - March - - 1.3 June–Nov. Cañete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Feb.-April 13.2 June–Oct. Lambayeque. . . . . . . . . . . 220 Jan.-April - 1.4 ( ( & & Huaura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 190 Feb.-April 9.0 . { { ( . . Zaña . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Mar.-April - 0.7 June–Dec. Moche. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Feb.-April 0.3 June–Nov. Pisco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 140. Feb.-March - 0.8 July–Oct. Ica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 - * “ 0.0 May–June Rimac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 ( : . . . . . . . 5.9 June–Sept. Chancay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Feb.-April - 1.0 June–Oct. Chincha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Feb.-March 0.1 June–Nov. . Mala. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Feb.-March 0.2 & 4 { { La Leche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Feb.-May 0.8 & K . . . . Virá. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Feb.-March 0.0 June–Dec. The Rimac has a somewhat different course. With its tributaries it rises in small glacial lakes having elevations of from 15,000 to 16,000 feet, and inhabited, in part at least, by Orestias. There is then a descent of a few thousand feet with very swift water, which is not suitable for fishes. Within this belt the streams are clear in the morning, but in the afternoon the melting of frozen ground rolls down thin mud, in which nothing can live.” - - Between Rio Blanco and Lima, distant in a straight line less than fifty miles, the river has a fall of over nine thousand feet. At Chosica it has an annual fluc- tuation between a minimum of ten cubic meters per second in September and a maximum of one hundred and fifteen cubic meters per second in March. - The Jequetepeque in northern Peru, with a total length of about seventy-five miles and a more gentle slope than the Rimac, has a minimum flow of about five is added. At Vitor Valle the Pygidium could not be found and the “peje rey” shares the river with a giant shrimp. I could not get to the lower course of this river. - * Even at Rio Blanco at about 10,000 feet elevation we secured nothing. At Matucana (7,500 feet), we secured a few small specimens of Pygidium, Basilichthys, Lebiasina, and Bryconamericus, the four species constituting the entire fauna of the river. At Chosica (1,900 feet) and at Lima we secured the same four species in abundance. *-- 8 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. cubic meters per second in September and a maximum of two hundred and twenty in March.” - The Piura River at Piura is reduced during the dry season to a few stagnant pools, in which the fishes become crowded together. Some of them starve, but others succeed in living through the dry season. In southern Peru the interandean region is occupied by Lake Titicaca. In northern Peru, this region is drained by longitudinal rivers, which turn eastward and eventually reach the Atlantic. As stated above, throughout the whole of Peru and northward to the Tumbez River the divide between the Pacific and Atlantic drainage follows the crest of the Western Cordillera. - ECUADOR. In Ecuador the crests of the two main chains of the Cordilleras are but a few miles apart. They are joined here and there by cross-ridges, formed in part of old lava-flows, which divide the area between them into a series of highland parks, having elevations of from six thousand to ten thousand feet. Some of the parks drain into the Pacific, others into the Atlantic. The continental divide thus lies along the crest of the eastern chain from |Popayan in southern Colombia to as far as Cotopaxi in northern Ecuador. It then shifts westward to the crest of the Western Cordillera, then again to the Eastern Cordillera, again to the Western, once more to the Eastern, finally shifting to the western crests, where it remains through all of Peru to southern Chile. - It may be questioned whether the northern parks of Ecuador are drained into the Pacific, because the heavy rainfall has enabled the Patia and the tributaries of the Esmeraldas to cut back through the Western Cordillera and thus to annex the interandean streams, or whether the present trend of these interandean rivers is not due to the late formation of the Cordillera of Bogotá, which in southern Colombia and northern Ecuador is piled up against the Cordillera Oriental. In the center and south of Ecuador, others of the interandean parks are tapped by Pacific slope rivers, such as the Tumbez, Rompida, Canar, Chanchan, and Chimbo. The Rio Patia in southern Colombia rises near Popayan, flows between the Eastern and Western Cordilleras southwestward to about ninety miles north of the Equator, where it breaks through the Western Cordillera and flows north- westward to empty into the Pacific near Tumaco. A large southern tributary, the Guaitara, rises between the two Cordilleras about forty-five miles north of the *In addition to the fishes of the Rimac river, the following species occur here: AEquidens coeruleo- punctatus, Pimelodella yºuncensis, Brycon atricaudatus, Philypnus maculatus, and Astroblepus rosei. Basil- ichthys Semotilus is not found so far north. The first and third are outriggers of the Guayas fauna. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 9 Equator and flows between them until it joins the Patia, where the latter bends from a southwestern to a northwestern course. The Rio Mira, with a length of about a hundred miles, flows northwestward, emptying into the Pacific at the northern border of Ecuador. - The Esmeraldas, with a general trend nearly parallel to that of the Mira, drains the parks about Quito and empties into the Pacific approximately sixty miles southwest of the mouth of the Mira at 1° North. ... -- The rivers emptying directly into the Pacific between the Esmeraldas and the Guayas are all small, the largest of them, the Rio de Chone and the Rio de Portoviejo, are less than forty miles long, measured from source to mouth. South of Portoviejo, the country is dry and the rivers are still shorter. In the area between Cuenca and the coast the streams of the Atlantic slope rise within about thirty-five miles of the Pacific coast. - According to Wolf and to Sievers, the Coastal Cordilleras between Esmeraldas and Guayaquil reach a height in places of two thousand three hundred feet. In the north about Esmeraldas and Manabi they are of late Tertiary and Quaternary origin. Southward about Portoviejo they consist of older formations. The youngest land of Ecuador lies between the Coastal Cordilleras and the Western Cordillera. Even as late as Quaternary times, the present Guayas Basin was a gulf reaching from Machala to the base of the Cordilleras. This gulf has been largely filled by sediments, thus forming the present Guayas Basin. The Cretaceous mountains of the Coastal Cordilleras reach a height of two thousand three hundred feet, while the Tertiary portions reach a height of from six hundred to one thousand feet. The rolling land of the Quaternary has an elevation of from sixty to two hundred and fifty feet. Between the Coastal Cordilleras and the Western Cordil- lera there are a number of characteristically lowland streams with a north and south trend. The southern part of the former gulf is drained through the Vinces, Caracol, Chimbo, and Barranca. Alta Rivers into the southward flowing Guayas, which is an extension of the Rio Vinces. Paralleling the Vinces, the Daule drains the area west of it to within about thirty miles of the coast. COLOMBIA. In Colombia conditions become complicated. The western Andes of Ecuador are continued through the whole of Colombia to Cartagena. : The eastern Andes, as the Cordillera Central, are also continued through the whole of Colombia to Santa Marta, but are cut in two by a great fault occupied by the valley of the lower Cauca and the lower Magdalena. 10 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, * It has been questioned whether the Sierra of Santa Marta really belongs to the Eastern Andes. If not, the Central Cordillera ends south of the junction of the Cauca and the Magdalena. - - - - The two chains coalesce near Medellin in central Colombia. South of Popayan the Patia valley between the two old chains of the Cordilleras is drained into the Pacific. North of Popayan it is drained by the Rio Cauca, which starts in a high interandean plateau about Popayan" and flows to Cartago, where it begins a turbulent course through the knot of the Western and Central Cordilleras to Caceres, from which place it flows more gently to the Magdalena at a point where in former times it probably emptied into a bay similar to the present Lake Maracaibo. The complications in Colombia are due to the formation of two younger chains of Cordilleras. One of these is the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia or the Cordillera of Bogotá. These Eastern Andes and the plains of Bogotá have been studied by Hettner (“Die Kordilleren von Bogota,” Petermann's Mittheilungen, Ergänzhft. No. 104, 1892). He finds that the Cordillera of Bogotá begins between latitude 1° and 2° North, as a range of low hills joined to the Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador. These hills are cut through by the tributaries of the Amazon flowing from the Eastern Cordillera. They gain in height at 2° and are no longer crossed by streams. The upper Magdalena has cut into these Cordilleras lengthwise, so that it runs between two of the chains as far north as Honda. At Honda the Magdalena cuts through the westernmost chain of the Cordillera of Bogotá and flows in the depression between the Central Cordillera and the Cordillera of Bogotá. Towards the north the Cordillera widens and then divides into several chains separated by plains. The westernmost of these is the Sierra de Perija, which extends to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; the middle chain is replaced on the north by Lake Maracaibo ; the eastern and largest chain becomes the Cordillera de Merida, which ends at the depression of Barquisimeto. Beyond this are the Caribbean Mountains, which form the coastal chain of Venezuela. The Cordillera of Bogotá, aside from a few Quaternary deposits laid down * Veatch (“Quito to Bogota,” p. 139) says: “Timbio is in the drainage basin of the Patia River at an elevation of 5,900 feet, while Popayan is on a tributary of the Cauca a few miles to the north at an elevation of 5,600 feet and, as we rode along, we were naturally on the alert to determine exactly when we crossed the inter-oceanic divide, but were unable to do so. The slight rise north of Timbio is very flat-topped, and from anything we could see from the trail the Rio Timbio could quite as well have joined the Cauca as the Patia. The intervening elevation is much less striking than the “Cuchilla de Dolores,” which lies between two tributaries of the Patia. - . “After a time we saw in a slight depression in the plain the white walls and red roofs and church- towers of Popayan, and not till then did we know that we had crossed the divide.” EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 11 after the formation of the Andes, consists probably entirely of Cretaceous sedi- mentary rocks. The youngest strata, the Guaduas layers, may be Tertiary, but this has not been determined paleontologically and is doubtful. A few rocks older than the Cretaceous are the crystalline schists with quarzite and quarzitic con- glomerate, seen near Quetame. The southern part of the Cordillera of Bogotá consists of erect or slightly inclined mountainous folds, comparable to the Jura. The westernmost areas consist of the Guaduas layers and are the youngest. During the entire Cretaceous, and perhaps during part of the Tertiary, the region was submerged. The formation of the mountains probably began in the Tertiary. - The fourth of the Cordilleras of Colombia is the Coastal Cordillera. This is the youngest of the great mountain chains of Colombia. - Hettner (“Die Anden des westlichen Columbiens,” Petermann's Mittheilungen, 1893, p. 129) has also studied this chain. According to his observations, the Coastal Cordillera begins at the Bay of Buenaventura and extends northward through more than three degrees to the slight depression occupied by the Truando River, which separates it from the mountains of Darien. It reaches a maximum height of eighteen hundred meters, but ordinarily does not exceed one thousand meters. Near the middle there are really two chains, between which the Baudo flows. The western slope is very steep, the distance between the crest and the ocean being in some places only a few hundred feet. According to Karsten the rocks of the Coastal Cordilleras contain, as fossils, species of shells and corals, Fig. 1. Shores of the Atrato. The tall tree has more than fifty pendent bird-nests upon it. 12 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. which still live in the Pacific Ocean at the base of these mountains. It seems that the Coastal Cordilleras are of late Quaternary origin. There are no crystalline rocks. If Hettner is right about the age of the Coastal Cordilleras, then the streams at present flowing westward from the Western Cordillera such as the Calima, Cucurrupi, Jujiado, Sipi, Tamana, Condoto, and upper San Juan rivers of the Pacific drainage, and the Raspadura, upper Atrato, Certegui, Yurri, and Sucio rivers now of the Atlantic, flowed directly into the Pacific at no very remote period. Along with the formation of the Coastal Cordillera, there was formed the trough between them and the Western Cordillera, which is indicated at present by the Gulf of Uraba on the north and the Bay of Buenaventura on the south. FIG. 2. The Cauca River near Cali (Juancita). Rafts of bamboos. The rivers Atrato and San Juan must have been later developments: the Atrato gathering the waters of the Raspadura and the streams north of it flowing from the Western Andes and emptying them into the Caribbean; the San Juan gathering the waters of the streams between the upper San Juan and the Rio Calima flowing from the Western Cordillera and emptying them into the Pacific. It seems then that the oldest of the present rivers of Western Colombia is the Cauca. The Magdalena, which is the largest river, developed with the forma- tion of the newer Cordillera of Bogotá. The youngest rivers are the San Juan EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 13 and the Atrato. A lowering of Colombia north of Buenaventura by as little as two hundred feet would convert the valleys of the San Juan and the Atrato into two long bays, or a strait, and cause the Magdalena, the Cauca, and the Cesar Rivers to empty independently into a lake or great bay, like Lake Maracaibo, extending from Santa Marta to slightly above El Banco. THE COLOMBIAN RECONNAISSANCE. Accompanied by Mr. Arthur J. Bierhaus, I reached Cartagena on January 3d, 1912. It had been my intention to ascend the Rio Atrato, descend the Rio San Juan, go eastward over the Quindio Pass to Girardot, descend the Rio Magdalena, and sail home from Cartagena. A side trip to Bogotá was planned. However, when I reached Colombia, there was an unusual drought and the route had to be reversed. There is no fresh water about Cartagena and at the earliest moment we left for Soplaviento on the Digue. Thence, I went to Calamar on the Magdalena. From Calamar the expedition went up the Magdalena River by steamer to La Dorada, collecting at various stopping places, Barbosa, El Banco, Canaletal, Puerto Wilches, Peñas Blancas, and Puerto Berrio. From La Dorada the route was by rail to the upper part of the Magdalena, collections being made on the way at Honda, especially in Bernal Creek. The upper part of the Magdalena was followed to Girardot, where extensive collections were made. From Girardot the route led first over the western rim of the plain at an elevation of about 8,800 feet to Bogotá on an elevated plain among the eastern Cordilleras. Collections were made on the plain near Puente la Suba, north of Bogotá, and at Madrid near the FIG. 3. Narrows of the Rio Magdalena below Girardot. 14 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. western margin of the plains of Bogotá (about 8,500 ft.). A return was made to Girardot, from which place a pack-train conveyed the expedition via Chicoral to Quatro Esquinas, Ibagué, Toche, across the Quindio Pass of the Central Cor- dillera (at an elevation of 11,200 feet) to Boquilla, Piedra Moler, and Cartago near the Cauca River. The Cauca being too low for the regular steamers, the pack-train was used through the Cauca valley by way of Paila, Buga La Grande, Buga to Cali, collections being made at Paila and at Cali and in the Cauca near Cali. By still another pack-train the Western Cordillera was crossed. Near Cali the continental divide is at an elevation of 6,000 feet. After collecting at Caldas (3,722 feet) the valley of the Dagua was descended by rail, collections being made at Cisnero (1,046 feet), at Cordova (120 feet) and in the tidal waters of this river. From Buenaventura, on the Pacific coast of Colombia, a steamer was taken up the San Juan River to Puerto Negria; thence a dugout and a crew of Indians carried the expedition as far as Istmina. Collections were made at both the latter places and half-way between them. From Istmina, after a ride of two hours up a little stream and across the low continental divide (300 feet), the valley of the Atrato was entered near Tambo. By dugout the settlement of Boca de Raspadura Fig. 4. Tambo, Atrato basin. was reached. Thence the Raspadura was followed into the Quito River, which was traversed to Quibdo. Collections were made at Boca de Certegui and near the EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 15 town of Quibdo, at the junction of the Quito River with the Atrato. From Quibdo a specially chartered steamer was taken to Rio Sucio, where additional collections were made. From Sucio a steamer carried the expedition back to the starting point at Cartagena. - . The reconnaissance outlined above was made possible through the hearty coöperation of Dr. William Lowe Bryan, President of Indiana University. The Trustees of the University granted me leave of absence for the purpose of the trip. President Bryan joined me in giving a note to the Bloomington National Bank for a sum advanced toward expenses. When it was found that the expenses would exceed the original estimate, he borrowed an additional sum and cabled it to me in Colombia. The Bloomington National Bank kindly lent the money without interest. - - On my return from Colombia the Carnegie Museum purchased the first series and the duplicates of the collection, after the second series had been set aside for the Museum of Indiana University, and thus covered more than the entire expenses of the trip, with the understanding that it was to be my duty to prepare a report on the expedition. - - . Everywhere along the line of travel, I met with the most courteous coöperation on the part of citizens of Colombia and on the part of others traveling, or tempor. arily in residence. Among those who deserve special mention are: Mr. W. E. H. Diekin, Mr. Thomas Miller, Mr. Harry D. Cutbill, Dr. Felipe Zapata, and Dr. R. A. Salas of the railroads of Colombia, all of whom furnished me with free transportation. Mr. Henri Banneau, a commercial traveler from Paris, who was familiar with all the traveled parts of South America, became enthusiastic over the fishing. Under his guidance the boat-crew on the steamer up the Magdalena secured valuable material. At Honda and about Bogotá he himself entered actively into the work of collecting, and between Calamar and Bogotá he relieved me entirely of the vexatious handling of my baggage. Mr. L. M. Monsanto of New York kindly acted as interpreter during the earlier part of the journey. Brother Apolinar Maria at Bogotá Secured guides to the best fishing-places. Mr. Edward H. Mason of Cali helped in various ways both before and after I landed in Colombia. Mr. J. A. Mayolo of Buenaventura and the steamship company he represents granted me special favors; I am further indebted to Mr. Mayolo for letters of introduction and other courtesies. - . The complete itinerary follows. Wherever it was possible, if the steamer on the Magdalena stopped for but an hour, collections were made: * January 8d-10th, at Cartagena, in the bay. 11th–18th, at Soplaviento, in the 16 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Dique. 14th–15th, at Cartagena (in connection with the Custom House). 16th- 18th, at Calamar, in the Rio Magdalena. 19th–27th, on S. S. “Neiva” to La Dorada. Collections were made: 20th, at Barbosa; 21st, at El Banco; 22d, at Bodega Central; 23d, at Peñas Blancas; 24th, at Puerto Berrio (“elevation 429 feet)”; 27th, at La Dorada. 28th, in Bernal Creek at Honda; 29th, at Rios Perico and Guarinó, six miles below Honda. FIG. 5. The Magdalena at Girardot. February 1st, Girardot, Rio Magdalena. 2d−3d, Bogotá. 4th, Puente La Suba north of Bogotá. 5th, in Zerrezuela river at Madrid. 6th, at Falls of Te- quendama. 8th–11th, at Girardot on the Rio Magdalena. 12th, at Chicoral. 13th, in Rio Gualandai (1,566 feet). 14th–15th, at Ibagué. 16th–17th, were spent on road to Toche. 18th–19th, spent in crossing the Quindio Pass (11,200 feet) to Boquilla, Rio Quindio (5,725 feet). 20th, at Balsa. 21st, at Piedra Moler, Rio Viejo. 22d—23d, at Cartago (3,012 feet). 24th, at Saragosa. 25th, at Paila. 26th, at Buga la Grande. 27th, at Buga. 28th, at La Torre, on the Cauca. 29th, at Cali (3,312 feet). March 1st–3d, Rio Cauca and Rio Cali. 4th, Caldas, Rio Dagua (3,722 feet). 5th, Cisnero, Rio Dagua and Rio Pepita (1,046 feet). 6th, Cordova, Rio Dagua. (120 feet). 7th–12th, at Buenaventura. 13th, up the Rio San Juan. 14th-15th, EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. . 17 Puerto Negria, on Rio San Juan. 16th, Island, La Cruce, Rio San Juan. 17th, Depulcito, Rio San Juan. 18th–20th, Istmina, on Rio San Juan. 21st–22d, Boca de Raspadura. 23d Managru, near Boca de Certegui. 25th–27th, Quibdo. 28th, down the Rio Atrato. 29th-30th, Rio Sucio. - - April 26, Cartagena. 6th, sailed for New York. THE LANDON-FISHER ExPEDITION OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY TO COLOMBIA. A second expedition to Colombia was made possible by Mr. Hugh McK. Landon and Mr. Carl G. Fisher, of Indianapolis. - Mr. Arthur W. Henn and Mr. Charles E. Wilson, both undergraduates in Indiana University, left in December, 1912. They landed at Tumaco, near the south-western corner of Colombia. After devoting about a month to the Telembi River, a tributary of the Patia, they separated. Mr. Wilson went to the San Juan River, collecting in the upper San Juan Basin, the Condoto River at Condoto, and in the San Juan River, Istmina, and Tado of the Pacific side, and on the Atlantic side at Tambo, Raspadura, Boco de Raspadura, Managru, Quibdo, in the Atrato between Quibdo and Rio Sucio, and especially in the Truando River emptying into the Atrato near Rio Sucio. . * - - . Mr. Wilson writes: “In all places I received the most courteous treatment and kind coöperation from the citizens Of Colombia and from others traveling or in temporary residence. Those who deserve special mention are: Mr. J. A. Mayolo of Tumaco, to whom I am indebted for letters of introduction throughout the Choco, for passes on his steamers on the Patia and Telembi Rivers, and for many other courtesies during my stay in Tumaco. Captain Maximilian Llorente and Mr. Andres Knudson of Barbacoas aided the expedition by securing men and canoes for fishing. Mr. Knudson kindly acted as interpreter, and Captain Llorente gave us rooms in his home during the stay in Barbacoas. Mr. Jorge Mercado and Mr. G. Otero Vazquez of Buenaventura relieved me from looking after the trans- portation of my baggage. Mr. Thomas A. Copeland of Istmina kindly acted as interpreter and cared for me from Buenaventura to Istmina. Others in Istmina, - who deserve special mention, are Mr. Antonio Asprilla, who secured men and canoes for collecting; and Mr. Andrés Arizala, who loaned me his servant for the work on the Condoto River. Mr. C. J. Indu and Mr. Frank Ocoassen of Peñalisa furnished men and canoes and aided with the collecting. In Quibdo Mr. Tufik Meluk was of the greatest assistance in securing men and canoes for the expedition. I am also indebted to Mr. Meluk for letters of introduction. In Rio Sucio Mr. Ed. Kromer kindly acted as interpreter and greatly aided the expedition with the 18 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. work in the Truando River. In Cartagena the A. & T. Meluk Co. kindly aided the expedition.” - - - THE LANDON ExPEDITION TO COLOMBIA AND ECUADOR. Through the continued liberality of Mr. Hugh McK. Landon of Indianapolis Mr. Arthur W. Henn was enabled to remain in South America and spend the time between February 15, 1913, and March, 1914, in collecting fresh-water fishes in Colombia and Ecuador. The following account by Mr. Henn summarizes his travels: “On February 15, 1913, I left Tumaco for Barbacoas. Three days were spent in securing the neces- sary pack-animals; then I left for Tuquerres, arriving after five days' travel. Tu- Querres (10,090 feet) is on the Andean plateau. After diligent collecting a single species of Astroblepus was obtained. On March 4th, accompanied by Mr. Fridolin Hämmerles of Tuquerres as an interpreter and two arrieros or muleteers, I went northward from Tuquerres for the basin of the Upper Patia. Our route was in general that of the geologist, A. Stübel. March 6th was spent in Ancuya (5,000 ft.) where a single species of Astroblepus was collected. Crossing the Rio Guaitara, our next stop was Los Llanos de Sandona (5,000 + ft.), where a collection was made containing three species. Passing northward through Tambo and Peñol, we arrived on March 13, at a place, composed of three huts, known as Guayabillo. This is directly on the brink of the canyon of the Patia. On this and the following day we descended some three thousand feet and collected in the Patia just above the mouth of the Guaitara. The elevation here, as determined by my barometer, was about 1,500 feet; the great swiftness of the river and the huge boulders made collecting difficult, but the collection is assumed to be representative. We returned to Tuquerres by way of Pasto and continued on to Barbacoas. After two days at Barbacoas, I left on the steamer ‘Bolivar” for the mouth of the Rio Telembi, from which point I continued up the Patia by canoe. The Rio Magui, the first large tributary of the Patia above the Telembi, was ascended to the negro village of Payan. During the return to Barbacoas we fished in all available places. These localities may be somewhat arbitrarily given as (1) the Rio Magui, between its mouth and the village of Payan; (2) the Rio Patia between the Magui and the Telembi; (3) the Rio Telembi below Barbacoas. - “After returning to Tumaco and waiting more than a week for the steamer, I sailed for Buenaventura, arriving there on April 23, 1913. After waiting in Buenaventura an additional week, I left on the small river-steamer “Buenaventura” for Puerto Negria, the head of navigation on the Rio San Juan. The following EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 19 day with two negroes I left, going down-stream in a canoe. Because of flooded conditions fishing was desultory, and most of the fishes secured were obtained by barter with the Indians. Five days were occupied in drifting down the San Juan; the nights were spent in the occasional houses of the Indians. The last large tributary, the Rio Calima, was ascended. Thorough collections of fishes were made in two places: (1) a small creek of the Rio Calima just above the junction of the Calima with the San Juan; and (2) a point probably thirty miles up the Calima, known as Boca del Guineo. Ascending the creek El Guineo to its source, a short portage was made to another creek, known as San Joaquin, where a second canoe was taken to Buenaventura. .* • , “Leaving Buenaventura almost immediately, I arrived in Guayaquil, Ecuador, on May 16, 1913. A few days later, I left with Mr. R. B. Jones, an American residing in Guayaquil, for an hacienda owned by him just South of Naranjito. While here, collections were secured in a small creek known as Estero Verdes, tributary to the Rio Chanchan, which borders the hacienda, and in a clear, deep river, the Rio Barranca Alta, some two hours on horseback south of the hacienda. Later I sailed from Guayaquil for the Province of Manabi, arriving at Bahia de Caraquez, its chief port, on June 21. Going on the short railroad to Chone, I there made collections in the river, and then returned to Calceta, from which point I continued by horse to Portoviejo, where collections were also obtained. These rivers are small, traverse a very dry region, and contain few species of fishes. The return to Guayaquil was made by steamer from Manta. - “I again left Guayaquil on July 17 in a launch for Daule, a small town on the Rio Daule. Delayed a few days by fever at this point, I continued in a launch to the village of Santa Lucia and then proceeded by canoe to another village known as Colimes higher up the river. Extensive collections were made at this point. Then returning to Daule in a large canoe, I embarked in a smaller one, and, after paddling two days along a winding cut-off from the Rio Palenque, I arrived at Vinces, where thorough collecting was done. • ( : Returning to Guayaquil, I went over the Guayaquil and Quito R. R. to Quito, stopping off for collecting at Huigra (4,000 ft.); Riobamba, Atlantic drainage (9,020 ft.); Latacunga, Atlantic drainage (9,055 ft.) and Quito (9,375 ft.). A short trip for collecting was made to Mindo (4,108 ft.), situated in a region of tremendous rainfall on the western slope of Mt. Pichincha. Somewhat later (October - 18, 1913), I went north to El Angel (10,000 ft. --) in the Province of Carchi, the most northerly province of Ecuador. Here Astroblepus was collected. From this point a trip was taken down the valley of the Rio Chota, or Mira, to a small property 20 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. two leagues below the hacienda Paramba, known as “Maria Luisa,” belonging to Señor Cesar Mena of Angel. Unfavorable conditions made this trip almost a failure, nevertheless a good collection of Astroblepus was obtained on the return from a place opposite the settlement, Guallupi (5,000 ft. --) farther up the Rio Chota. - - - . . “Being forced to return to Quito by revolutionary developments in the province of Carchi, I remained there until February 9, 1914, when I again went back to El Angel to secure the collections, continued on over the Colombian frontier, twice changing mules, and returned over the road to Barbacoas. Traveling as rapidly as possible, though long delayed by waiting for steamers at Barbacoas and Tumaco, and by the quarantine at Panama, I did not reach New York until the very last of March, 1914. - - - “Throughout the course of the trip I met with numerous courtesies from resi- dents of the countries traversed. Chief among these persons may be mentioned Sr. José A. Mayolo of Tumaco, Colombia. Mr. Mayolo provided free transporta- tion on the ‘Linea Costanera Fluvial de Vapores' for myself and my extensive outfit and collections on several trips between Tumaco and Barbacoas; in the Choco he gave me recommendations to the authorities, his friends, and business associates; assisted in employing laborers; and performed other innumerable services. His favors coming, as they did, when I knew but little of the language and customs of the country, were well-nigh indispensable. For the ‘Sierra,’. similar services were performed for me by Mr. John W. Bidlake, an American resident of Tuquerres. In Guayaquil Mr. R. B. Jones showed me a number of courtesies and Mr. H. W. Henderson of the Guayaquil and Quito Railway Company kindly provided free transportation to Quito, Sr. Alberto Santos of Bahia did me several favors. I was a guest at several haciendas; among which may be mentioned those of Sr. Cesar P. Garzon of Mindo, of Sr. José Tamaya, and of Sr. Cesar Mena of Carchi. The Panama Railroad Steamship Line courte- ously provided free transportation of freight from Panama to New York and reduced fare for myself. - - - - “The expenses of this Expedition were largely provided by Mr. Hugh McK. Landon of Indianapolis. He not only provided funds for the trip as originally planned, but later gave an additional sum, which allowed considerable modification and extension of the plans and enabled the expedition to remain in the field nearly four times as long as had been originally intended.” - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 21 THE IRWIN EXPEDITION. The Irwin Expedition of Indiana University, of 1918–19, carried the survey of the rivers of the Pacific slope from northern Peru to southern Chile. It also descended on the Atlantic side into the Huallaga Basin to two thousand feet, the Chanchamayo to two thousand feet, the Urubamba to three thousand feet, and surveyed the Titicaca Basin. The main account of the Irwin Expedition will appear with the reports on these regions. The portion of the Irwin Expedition, which comes within the present territory, deals with the Chira, Piura, Rimac, and Chili Rivers, enumerating these rivers in order from north to south, but not in the order in which they were examined. All four of these rivers belong to the dry Peruvian coast. The Chira River rises in southern Ecuador in the southernmost of the interandean parks of Ecuador and empties into the ocean north of Paita. I collected at Sullana early in January, 1919. The river had been swollen by recent rains in the mountains and collecting was difficult. The water was muddy and fishes were scarce and scattered. A species of Curimatus was obtained here; and this is the southernmost record for the genus on the Pacific slope. The rest of the fauna was the same as that farther south at Pacasmayo. Fig. 6. Upper Rimac Valley. Conditions at Piura on the Piura River, only a few miles south from Sullana, were the reverse of those at Sullana. I reached Piura at the end of the dry season. On asking where the river was, I was told that it had not yet come down. The - 22 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. river-bed was damp in places and shallow excavations provided water for gardens and dwellers along its shores. There were a few pools in natural depressions about the pier and alongside of some rocks. These were covered with green slime and were crowded with starving fishes. A single species each of Pimelodella, Pygidium, Brycon, Brycomamericus, Lebiasina, and Æquidens formed the entire fauna. Both Sullana and Piura are reached by rail from Paita. The Piura River reaches the ocean south of Paita. The next stop farther south was at Pacasmayo. Con- ditions here are similar to those at Paita. The town clusters about a little rivulet, which always carries water and is affected by the tide. Behind the town there is a considerable lagoon. The Rio Jequetepeque rises in the Andes west of Cajamarca - and empties into the ocean north of Pacasmayo. Collections were made at Llallan (elevation 2,437 ft.), at Cultambo, and in the outlet of the lagoon just above and below the locks controlling its level. Llallan is at the junction of two clear, swift streams. At Cultambo I collected near the railroad bridge. The water was clear with alternating swift stretches or even miniature rapids and quiet pools. The fauna was the same as that at Piura with the addition of an Astroblepus, which could not be expected to occur in the portion of the Piura I examined. Astroblepus is probably found nearer the mountains in the Piura River. A Liza is abundant in the lagoon, but we were not fortunate enough to get one. Pacasmayo was the southernmost locality for AEquidens, Pimelodella, and Brycon. - We should have made collections in the Santa River, the largest and most constant river of Peru. However, several matters prevented its examination; the regular steamers do not stop at Chimbote at its mouth and the time needed for its exploration was therefore uncertain. The Rimac River south of the Santa con- tained everything we secured at Pacasmayo except Astroblepus, Brycon, Æquidens, and Pimelodella. Somewhere between Pacasmayo and Callao they disappear. Astroblepus is known to occur in the Santa Basin, which is the southernmost locality on the Pacific Slope. One question thus left unanswered is whether Brycon, Æquidens, and Pimelodella extend as far south as the Santa, or not. It will probably be found that they do. A second question is whether the “Peje rey,” Basilichthys semotilus, is found in the Santa? It is found in the Rimac, and has not been taken in the Jequetepeque. Again a priori considerations would answer this question in the affirmative. A question exceeding the other two in interest, because its answer is more problematical, is whether the Santa, being the largest and most permanent of the Peruvian rivers, harbors a more abundant representa- tion of the ancient fauna of the Pacific slope of Peru? The answers to these questions must be left for the future. - EfgFNMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 23 o *r- §|§ º : sº the fauna of the Rimac, especially in its upp J- § s #<[:- NQ 3. Á ofº Q & ) (c Q § Y- 3 *J Wy w) *...* \\ S. S. Wº: à tº, O u! O . X O { -) Plecostomus spinosissimus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 98, plate V, figs. 1, 1 a (Guayaquil). Plecostomus festa BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, no. 329, p. 11 (Rio Vinces, Rio Peripa, the largest specimen 460 mm.); REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 208, plate IX, fig, 1 (W. Ecuador, 310 mm.). + . * Habitat: Western slope of Southern Ecuador. • - Head 3.5–5.7; depth 7–10; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; scutes thirty-one or thirty-two + 1; 9 or 10 between dorsals, fifteen + 4 or 5 between anal and caudal; depth of caudal peduncle 4.33–15 in its length. TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF A SERIES OF SPECIMENS FROM YouNG TO ADULT. - Length to Base of Caudal Plates. 36 mm. 80 mm. 142 mm. 267 mm. 471C" 438 Q. Head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 20.5 || 32 57 76 76 Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 12 22 38 46 || 48 Width of head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 | 18 32 . 58 78 74. , Interorbital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–H 9.5 15 28 36 || 34 Ramus of lower jaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 10.5 Eye in length of head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4 5 10 11 11 Base of dorsal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 18 32 55 83 84 Distance between dorsal and adipose. . . . . . , e s e e 7 15 32 60 123 || 112 Caudal peduncle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 30 53 105 228 202 Depth of caudal peduncle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 7 12 15 || 14.5 EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 69 This species is easily distinguished from its congeners by its long tail and the extreme development of spines, and undergoes marked change in proportions with growth, as may be seen from the table. For instance, the depth of the caudal peduncle in relation, to its length changes from 4.33 to 15. Plecostomus festa, represents one of the phases of this metamorphosis. The following specimens were collected by Mr. Arthur Henn in Ecuador, during the Landon Expedition. 7561 a, C. M.; 13910, I. U. M., four, 500–565 mm., Guayaquil. 7566 a-c, C. M.; 13916, I. U. M., seventeen, 45–355 mm., Colimes, Rio Daule. 13917, I. U. M., two, 36–40 mm.; four, 367–485 mm., Vinces. - 86. Plecostomus tenuicauda Steindachner. Plecostomus tenuicauda STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 40, plate VI (Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 63 (Cauca near Caceres); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XVII, 1906, p. 94 (Barranquilla). 3870 a-d, C. M.; 15046, I. U. M., seven, 110–557 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 7568 a, C. M.; 13919, I. U. M., three, 44–51 mm., Peñas Blancas. Eigenmann. 7565 a-c, C. M.; 13915, I. U. M., thirteen, 137–485 mm., Puerto del Rio. Gonzales. 13923, I. U. M., one, 75 mm., Apulo. Gonzales. . Habitat: Magdalena Basin. - - - This species is described in great detail by Steindachner. As stated, the snout is granular at the tip. His largest specimen was 480 mm. in length. In the largest specimens at hand, the spots of the dorsal and caudal fins are elongate in the direction across the fins. * - 87. Plecostomus plecostomus panamensis subsp. IłOV. The references for this variety within our territory are: . Plecostomus plecostomus var. KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., München, X, 1865, p. 60 (New Granada); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field |Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 247 (Panama on both slopes, except Rio Bayano). -- - Plecostomus bicirrhosus GüNTHER, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, VI, 1866, p. 477 (discussing Kner and Steindachner's specimens). . - . Plecostomus guacari REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 205; Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1906, p. 111. - Habitat: Both slopes of Panama. . - . . - I have examined specimens from the Rio Gatun, taken at Monte Liria and at Gatun by Meek and Hildebrand. - + From P. plecostomus found abundantly everywhere east of the Eastern Andes, 70 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. this variety differs in having the occipital usually bordered by several (three or more) plates. .: . . - CHEIRIDODUs" gen, nov. Type, Plecostomus honda Regan. . This genus is a Plecostomus with a very few (seven to twelve) large teeth. It differs from Cochliodon in having a small lobe on the outer edge of the base of each tooth. In Cochliodon the teeth have but one lobe. . 88. Cheiridodus hondae (Regan). (Plate VIII, figs. 6 and 7.) Plecostomus honda, REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 666, plate LXXVI, fig. 3 (Honda, Colombia). Habitat: Magdalena and San Juan Basins, Colombia. - Plecostomus honda was based on two specimens 80 mm. long from Honda. Mr. Wilson collected one specimen (13922, I. U. M.), 108 mm. in total length, at Istmina. - CoMPARISON OF SPECIMENS OF CHEIRIDODUs HONDAE AND PANAQUE GIBBOSUs. Cheiridodus hondae. Panaque gibbosus. 80 mm. Described No. 13922, No. 13911 a, No. 13911 b, by Regan. 108 mm. About 250 mm. 198 238 mm. to About 70 mm. to 88 mm. to End mm. to End of End of End of Middle of Middle | Middle Caudal Middle Caudal Rays. Caudal Rays. || Rays. Caudal Rays. Head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . 2.77 2.6 2.75 Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.66 4.25 4.6 4.2 D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I, 7 I, 7 I, 7 I, 7 A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I, 4 I, 4 I, 4 I, 4 Eye in head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6.5 11 13 Ramus in interorbital . . . . . . . . 3 4. 4 4 Scutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 or 28 + 1 28 –– 1 26 -- 1 26 + 1 Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 12 12 11 — 15 9 — 10 Length of dorsal spine in head. . . . . . . . . . Nearly as long |Longer than 1.25 I, 33 Interopercular spines in interorbital . . . . . 7 None 1.5 1.5 Head 2.77; depth 4.25; D. I, 7; A. I, 4, scutes 28 + 1, 6 between dorsal and fulcrum in front of the adipose spine, 11 + 3 between the anal and caudal; eye 4 in snout, 3.33 in interorbital, 6.5 in the head; ramus of lower jaw 6 in the head; interopercle with a few enlarged spinules along its margin, similar to those of the opercle, without trace of spines of the Chatostomus type; interorbital with a median and marginal elevations; Occipital pointed, entering the scute following it; teeth large, spoon-shaped, with a lateral notch, nine on each side of both upper º Xelpis, xelpºos, h=glove, 360's, ô=tooth, in allusion to the mitten-shaped teeth of this genus. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 71 and lower jaw; belly with spinules between the pectorals and along the middle; dorsal truncate when depressed, the spine and the first two rays extending about to the spine of the adipose; base of dorsal equals its distance from the caudal fulcra, or the anterior margin of the nares; caudal deeply, and a little obliquely, emarginate, the lower ray a little longer than the upper, more than twice as long as the middle one; lateral scutes but faintly keeled. . Everywhere with dark round spots smaller than the eye, six spots in the membranes of the dorsal in front, three in the last one; margin and a sub-marginal band in the caudal dark, basal part and rays with spots, pectoral and ventral with cross-bars. * - . HEMIANCISTRUs Bleeker. Hemiancistrus BLEEKER, Tijdschr. Dierk., I, 1863, p. 78. Type, Amcistrus medians Kner. Dorsal I, 7; opercle and interopercle separately movable, the latter with spines, which can or cannot be completely retracted under the opercle; margin of head granular, without bristles; last dorsal ray connected with the following scute by a small membrane. The species within the present area have the general appearance of Plecostomus and Pterygoplichthys. Body deep, the plates keeled, occipital keeled, ventral surface more or less completely covered with granular plates. - - Kner based his Ancistrus medians on a specimen named barbatus in the Museum at Stuttgart. He describes it in general terms as heavy in form, with few dorsal rays, keeled and spinous plates, a bundle of very long hooks like those in A. mysta- cinus, with short head, broad snout, large eyes, very long ventrals reaching beyond the anal and very spinous pectorals. Body and fins are covered with large dark spots. The ventral surface is completely covered with small plates. In the latter character, the species is intermediate between Plecostomus and Ancistrus, hence the name medians. . - - KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HEMIANCISTRUs. a. Interopercle freely movable, with about eight long, hooked spines and about thirty much smaller ones in front; occipital keel low, the bone bordered by a single kidney-shaped plate; twenty-eight scutes in the lower series of the side, counting the last one at base of caudal; dorsal not reaching the fulcrum in front of the adipose spine by one scute; six scutes between dorsal and fulcrum of the adipose, twelve + three scutes between the anal and caudal; ventral surface entirely granulose; five or six series of spots on the dorsal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . landoni Eigenmann. aa. Interopercle very little movable, the spines small or absent; from nine to twelve series of spots on the dorsal. b. Dorsal fin not reaching the spine of the adipose by one or two scutes; ventral surface entirely granulose; occipital bordered by a large median plate and one or two smaller ones on each side. - annectens Regan. 72 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bb. Dorsal fin reaching the adipose or caudal. c. Abdomen in specimens 130 mm. long largely naked; occipital bordered by a single scute, or a large median scute and a minute one at the outer angle. . . . . . . . . holostictus Regan. cc. Abdomen...in specimens 125 mm. long granulose; occipital bordered by a single scute or by a large median scute, and the angles of the first of the lateral series... wilsoni Eigenmann. aaa. Interopercle armed with a few short spines; dorsal spine as long as head; abdomen largely granulose; - head 3; depth 5.5; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; twenty-five scutes, seven between dorsal and adipose; twelve between caudal and anal; supra-occipital bordered by a single plate; eye eight times in head; mandible 1.8 in interorbital; occipital without distinct ridge, scutes strongly carinate, caudal emarginate; caudal peduncle two and two thirds times as long as deep, everywhere covered with numerous small dark spots... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aspidolepis (Günther). 89. Hemiancistrus landoni Eigenmann. (Plate IX, fig. 3; Plate X, fig. 2.) H emiancisirus landoni EIGENMANN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 84 (Naranjito). 13654, I. U. M., type, 255 mm., Naranjito, Ecuador. Henn. Head 3.14; depth 5.35; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; twenty-seven scutes, seven between dorsal and spine of the adipose, twelve + four between anal and caudal; depth at tip of occipital less than snout, width above pectoral spine equal to the length of the head; mandible 2 in interorbital; eye 5.3 in head, 3 in interorbital, 9 in the head; about ten long, graduated interopercular spines and numerous graduated smaller ones in front of these. Longest spine 2.66 in length of the head. Fig. 16. Hemiancisrus landoni Eigenmann. . Type, 255 mm. No. 13654, I. U. M. Occipital scarcely keeled, median plates behind it bicarinate, plates of the sides carinate; dorsal spine a little shorter than head, reaching the fifth scute in front of the adipose spine, last ray reaching the second scute in front of it; caudal but EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 73 little emarginate, the lower lobe very little longer than the upper, 3.33 in the length; the middle one 1% in the lower; a small naked area in front of each ventral; upper surface of pectoral with strong spines similar to those of the interopercle, but stronger, increasing in length toward tip. Four dark cross-shades, one behind eyes, one at end of dorsal, one at adipose and one at end of caudal peduncle; six large round spots on anterior dorsal mem- brane, three in last; caudal, anal, ventrals, and pectorals with similar spots on rays and membranes; obscure spots on the sides, larger ones on belly; faint light streaks along the keels of the lower rows of plates. . N amed for Mr. Hugh McK. Landon of Indianapolis, who made possible the expedition of Mr. Henn to Ecuador. *. - 90. Hemiancistrus annectens Regan. (Plate IX, figs. 1 and 2.) Plecostomus bicirrhosus (non Gronow) BoulBNGER. Ancistrus annectens REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 225, plate XI, fig. 2 (St. Javier, and Rio Durango, N. W. Ecuador). - * Habitat: St. Javier, and Rio Durango, Ecuador. Patia Basin, Colombia. 7584, C. M.; 13913, I. U. M., two, 274–285 mm., Barbacoas. Henn and Wilson. 13914, I. U. M., two, 250–252 mm., Patia between Magui and Telembi. Henn. Head 3.3; depth 4.5–5; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; seven scutes between the dorsals, - eleven + three or four between anal and caudal; twenty-eight scutes along the sides; depth at tip of occipital equal to snout and eye; width above base of pectoral spine not quite equal to length of head; mandible 2.5–2.8 in interorbital; eye 4.5-5 in snout, 3–3.5 in interorbital, 8 in the head; four small, stiff interopercular spines, the longest not exceeding the pupil. * . Occipital with a high keel; median plates behind it bicarinate, plates of the - sides carinate, dorsal spine a little longer than head, reaching the fifth or sixth scute in front of the adipose spine, the last ray reaching to the second or third spine in front of the adipose spine; caudal deeply emarginate, the lower lobe longer, about 2.33 in the length; the median rays about 1.4 in the lower one; a small naked area in front of each ventral; lower surface otherwise granulose. Everywhere covered with round spots, those on caudal peduncle arranged in rows; about twelve series of spots on anterior part of the dorsal, five series on the last membrane, ten to twelve series of spots on the caudal. 91. Hemiancistrus holostictus Regan. (Plate IX, fig. 4.) Hemiancisirus holostictus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 469 (Rio Condoto). - - - 74 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Habitat: San Juan Basin. Of this species heretofore known only from the type, 180 mm., I have examined the following: - - e 7569, C. M.; 13920, I. U. M., two, 119–135 mm., Istmina. Mandible less than three in the interorbital; dorsal spine reaching middle of adipose spine, the last ray to the adipose spine; lower caudal lobe more than half the length; ventral surface in a specimen 130 mm. long, naked, except over the clavicle and very narrowly along the sides; about nine spots in the first dorsal membrane, about nine on the caudal, outer caudal rays dusky. Otherwise as in H. wilsoni. •º. * - - . . 92. Hemiancistrus wilsoni Eigenmann, (Plate IX, fig. 5; Plate X, fig. 1.) Hemiancistrus wilsoni EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 678. Habitat: Atrato Basin. . - - . - 7570 a-d, C. M.; 13921, I. U. M., eight, 90–133 mm., the largest the type, Truando. Wilson. - - - 15304, I. U. M., 325 mm., same locality. Similar to H. holostictus from the San Juan. Head 3–3.25; depth 4.3–5; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; twenty-seven scutes, six or seven between the dorsals, eleven + three between the anal and caudal; depth at tip of occipital equals snout and half the eye or a little more than the eye; width above base of pectoral almost equal to length of head; mandible 3–3.6 in the inter- opercle, eye 4.25 in snout, 3 in interorbital, 7 in head; interorbital sometimes with three minute spines. - Occipital with a high keel, median plate behind it feebly bicarinate, plates of the sides well carinated; dorsal spine equal to head with from one to three scutes behind it, reaching to the adipose spine or the plate in front of it in the type. The last ray reaches the spine of the adipose, but is relatively much shorter in the largest, or the type; caudal deeply emarginate, the lower lobe considerably longer, 2.2 in the length (nearly 3 in the largest); the middle rays about 1.4 in the lower; ventral surface in a specimen about 115 mm. long mostly naked, in the larger ones granulose, except in a small area in front of the ventral. - Everywhere covered with round spots, a double row of about twelve on the anterior dorsal membrane, about five series on the last, fewer rows in smaller individuals, about twelve series on the caudal; in all but one the outer caudal rays are spotted. In the largest specimen, 15304, I. U. M., the spots on the dorsal and caudal all in more numerous rows, twenty on the first dorsal membrane, twelve On the last, and over twenty in the series on the caudal. - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 75 93. Hemiancistrus aspidolepis (Günther). Chaetostomus aspidolepis GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc, London, 1866, p. 603 (Veragua, northeastern Panama); Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, VI, 1868, p. 477. Ancistrus aspidolepis REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 230; Biologia Centrali-Americana, 1908, p. 112 (Veragua, Panama). This appears to be the northernmost locality for the family of Loricariidae. This species is known from a skin 280 mm. long from Veragua on the Pacific slope of Panama. - - PTERYGOPLICHTHYS Gill. Type, Hypostomus duodecimalis Cuvier and Valenciennes. 94. Pterygoplichthys undecimalis (Steindachner). Chatostomus undecimalis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 43, plate VIII (Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 65 (Cauca near Caceres). - Ancistrus undecimalis REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 226. Habitat: Lower Magdalena Basin. . . . 7563 a-b, C. M.; 13912, I. U. M., four, 237 and 280 mm. to tip of caudal, El Banco. Eigenmann. - 7567 a-e, C. M.; 13918, I. U. M., fifteen, 271—310 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. Dorsal usually I, 10, rarely I, 12. LASIANCISTRUS Regan. Lasiancistrus REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVIII, 1904, p. 224. Type, Chatostomus heteracanthus GüNTHER. - Habitat: Peruvian Amazon to Panama. . Interopercle and opercle separately movable. Interopercle with numerous spines and bristles which may be everted into a sessile rosette; snout with or with- out bristles ; last dorsal ray connected with the following scute by a small mem- brane; scutes not keeled; ventral surface naked, or with a few granules; D. I, 7. KEY TO THE SPECIES. a. Width at base of pectoral equal to snout and two orbital diameters; occipital convex behind, usually entering a notch in the anterior margin of the first median scute; last dorsal ray failing to reach adipose by two or three scutes; fins with faint markings, caudal nearly black, margined by light. - . caucanus Eigenmann. aa. Width at base of pectoral equal to snout and one and one-half orbital diameters; occipital convex behind, anterior margin of the first median scute truncate, or convex in the middle; last dorsal ray failing to reach adipose by one or two scutes. 76 MEMOIRs of THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. b. Dorsal spine equals Snout and eye; pectoral spine not reaching middle of ventrals; fin-rays conspicuously spotted. . . . . . . ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . mayoloi (Eigenmann). bb. Dorsal spine longer than snout and eye ; pectoral spines reaching beyond middle of ventrals, membrane of dorsal and pectoral in the adult with hyaline spots about the size of the pupil; fin-rays alternately light and dark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . planiceps (Meek and Hildebrand). 95. Lasiancistrus caucanus Eigenmann. (Plate XI, figs. 4 and 5.) Lasiancistrus caucanus EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23) 1912, p. 11. - - 4824, C. M., type, 171 mm.; 4825 a-d, C. M.; 12683, I. U. M., eight paratypes, 105–175 mm., Cartago. Eigenmann. - - - 7538 a, C. M., one, 134 mm., Piedra Moler. Eigenmann. r 7580 a-g, C. M.; 13947, I. U. M., fourteen, largest 70 mm., Paila. Eigenmann. 7581 a-b, C. M.; 13933, I. U. M., four, Bernal Creek near Honda. Eigenmann. Habitat: Cauca Basin. - . - Head 2.75; depth 5–5.2; D. I, 7; A. I, 5; scutes twenty-five or twenty-six; seven scutes between dorsal and adipose, ten between anal and caudal; eye 5.5 in snout, 8–9 in head, 3.5–3.75 in interorbital; width of mandibular ramus 2.5–3.33 in interorbital; width of head 1.3 in its length, its depth 2.2. Head and scutes without ridges; interopercle with about forty spines and bristles, the longest nearly one-third as long as head, the bristles placed anteriorly and above and below along the margins of the spines, the longest bristle nearly as long as the longest spine; snout with bristles laterally, which may be very minute or considerably longer than the eye; supra-occipital bordered with three plates (in one specimen by a single plate), which enter about equally in its border, the middle one concave where it touches the supra-occipital. Pectoral spines extending beyond middle of ventrals, shorter in young. - - Fins nearly black in the adult, the caudal narrowly margined with lighter. Head and body very obscurely marbled, back with cross-shades. In the young, the fins have faint markings on the rays. Very similar to L. mayoloi. - 96. Lasiancistrus mayoloi (Eigenmann). (Plate XI, figs. 6 and 7.) Hemiancistrus mayoloi EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 18, Sept. (Dec. 23) 1912, p. 10; REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 469. Lasiancistrus caucanus (non Eigenmann) REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 469. ** - Habitat: San Juan Basin. 4826, C. M.; type, 125 mm.; 4827 a-b, C. M.; 12688 a-c, I. U. M., five, Istmina. Eigenmann. * EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. - 77 Head 3; depth 7.5 ; D. I, 7; A. I, 5 ; scutes twenty-four or twenty-five, counting the last one at base of caudal; six scutes between dorsal and adipose, ten + two between anal and caudal; eye 4.55 in snout, 7.5–8 in head, 3–3.33 in interorbital; mandibular ramus 3 in interorbital; width of head 1.33 in its length, its depth 2.25. . - - - . - -- Head and scutes without ridges; interopercle with over thirty-five spines, - mostly strong, with recurved hooks, some of the marginal spines of the anterior half in the form of long, curved bristles, the longest spines and bristles in the type are about one-fourth of the length of the head, mostly shorter in the paratypes; supra-occipital bordered by three plates, the first median scute forming most of the border. Head below and abdomen naked. Dark brown with faint mottlings, rays' of all fins with conspicuous spots, which tend to form bars, especially on caudal. 97. Lasiancistrus planiceps (Meek and Hildebrand). Ancistrus planiceps MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1913, p. 79 (Boca de Cupe, Rio Tuyra); Ser. X, 1916, p. 253, plate X (Tuyra Basin). - - The specimens came from the Tuyra Basin at the mouth of the Rio Yape, Boca de Cupe, Rio Satigante, Rio Caña, Rio Grande, and Rio Cupe. PSEUDANCISTRUs Bleeker. Pseudancistrus BLEEKER, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk., I, 1863, p. 77; EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Occasional Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1890, p. 434. Type, Hypostomus barbatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. - *. D. I, 7–9; abdomen naked; plates without keels; interopercle with slender spines or bristles, which can not be completely retracted; sides of head usually with bristles; last dorsal ray attached to the scute following it by a small membrane; caudal obliquely truncate; pectoral in the male very long. REY TO THE SPECIES OF PSEUDANCISTRUs. Ol. Interopercle without evident transverse articular divisions,” with a bundle of spines, which are graduated from the anterior end; or from very near the anterior end, of the interopercle to the last spine, which is about one-third as long as the head, and does not extend beyond the head; - sides of head with very short spinules which do not become bristle-like. A. I, 4; D. I, 9 in three-fourths, I, 8 in one-fourth of the specimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daguae (Eigenmann). aa. Interopercle long, with an externally visible articulation separating the posterior spine-bearing portion, the spines not graduated to the anterior end of the interopercle, but confined to the "Dissection shows the superficial part to be divided longitudinally into three parts. 78 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. & edge and lower surface of the hispid interopercle; snout slightly hispid, or with long bristles. One or two interopercular spines much longer than the rest, reaching considerably beyond the head; bristles longest about the end of the snout. - b. A. I, 4; D. I, 8, rarely I, 7, or I, 9; interopercular articulation below the hispid portion of the opercle, the hinder end of the hispid portion of the interopercle below the middle of the hispid portion of the opercle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pediculatus Eigenmann. bb. A. I, 5; D. usually I, 9; interopercular articulation well in advance of anterior end of the hispid portion of opercle, the hispid portion of the interopercle shorter than in setosus, its posterior portion below the anterior end of the hispid part of the opercle. . . . . . carnegiei Eigenmann. aaa. Bristles longest along sides of head; interopercular spines subequal, the longest 4 of head, fifteen in female, twenty-five in male. A. I, 3; D. I, 7 or I, 8; mandibular ramus 1.33 in interorbital. . setosus (Boulenger). 98. Pseudancistrus dague (Eigenmann). (Plate XII, figs. 1 and 2.) Hemiancistrus dagua. EigENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23) 1912, p. 11. - Habitat: Dagua Basin and Andes east of Bogotá. * * 4842, C. M., type, 79 mm.; 4843 a-g, C. M.; 12698, I. U. M., thirty-four para- types, largest 95 mm., Caldas. Eigenmann. - - - 4844 a-d, C. M.; 12699, I. U. M., eight paralypes, Cisnero. Eigenmann. 13661, I. U. M., one, 69 mm., Rio del Fosca. Gonzales. - - Head 3–3.2; depth 6–7; D. I, 9 in thirty-two specimens, I, 8 in eleven speci- mens; A. I, 4; plates twenty-four or twenty-five, five or six between dorsals, ten + two between anal and caudal; width of head nearly equal to its length; eye 5.5–6.5 in snout, 9–10 in head, 2.5–3 in interorbital; mandibular ramus very little if any less than interopercular width; interopercle with a bundle of fifteen or more spines, the longest not much longer than those immediately preceding it, 2.5 in head in a few specimens, usually shorter. Scutes without keels; occipital without keel, bordered by three plates. Margin of head with short, spine-like bristles. Dorsal spine about equal to the snout, tip of last ray sometimes reaching adipose; length of base of dorsal equal to its distance from the base of the caudal or less. Pectoral ray reaching to ventral, or to near its middle; ventrals to the anal, or slightly beyond base of its last ray; caudal obliquely truncate, the lower ray 3—3.66 in the length. - . . . - - Very dark; rays of all the fins spotted, the spots on the dorsal and caudal rays smallest and most numerous; some specimens with the fin-markings much fainter; the spots in the smallest specimens less numerous. - 99. Pseudancistrus pediculatus Eigenmann. (Plate X, fig. 4; Plate XII, fig. 3.) Pseudancistrus pediculatus EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 679 (Villavicencio, Barrigón, Tengavita). EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 79 ?Pseudancistrus setosus (non Boulenger) REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 469. (Rio Tamana). Habitat: Rio Meta Basin, east of Bogotá and (?) San Juan Basin. A specimen purchased from Mr. W. F. H. Rosenberg, as P. setosus from the Rio Tamana, proves to be this species. It is possible that Regan's specimens are also P. pediculatus, or that the locality is erroneous. The description of this species occurs in the Appendix to this paper (See Appendix I, No. 10). - #: - ser FIG. 17. Pseudancistrus pediculatus Eigenmann. FIG. 18. Pseudancistrus carnegiei Eigenmann. Type, Type, 118 mm. No. 7348, C. M. 110 mm. No. 7346, C. M. 100. Pseudancistrus carnegiei Eigenmann. (Plate X, fig. 3.) Pseudancisirus carnegiei EIGENMANN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 85. 7577 a, C. M., one, 31 mm., Rio Guaduas. Gonzales. - 7346 a, C. M., type, 110 mm.; 13661, I. U. M., two paratypes, 87–110 mm., Rio - San Gil, Santander. Gonzales. . 7347 a-d, C. M.; 13662, I. U. M., nine paratypes, largest 41 mm., Quebrada de Honda, Santander. Gonzales. - 7579 a, C. M., one, 33 mm., Quebrada de la Pelada, Santander. Gonzales. 13926, I. U. M., two, 120–170 mm., Rio Baipé, Boyaca, Maria. Habitat: Andes about Bogotá and in Santander. Head 2.66–28; depth 5.46–7; D. I, 9 in ten, I, 8 in three; A. I, 5 in all but One of 13926 which has I, 4; twenty-five to twenty-seven scutes, six or seven between the dorsals; nine or ten + two or three between anal and caudal; eye 80 - - MEMOIRS.OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 6–8 in snout, 3–4 in interorbital, 10–13 in the head; ramus of lower jaw a little greater than interorbital; interopercle with eight to thirteen spines, the longest spine in the largest specimen over half the length of the head, snout with short bristles; depth of head about 2.33 in its length, width of head equal or almost equal to its length. Dorsal spine equal to, or a little less than, the length of the snout, the last ray reaching to the second scute in front of the adipose spine; caudal very oblique, but slightly emarginate, the lower ray 3–3.33 in the length; pectoral in the largest nearly reaching tip of ventrals. Adult nearly uniform dark brown, all the fins with obscure spots on the rays; caudal in the young with two or more cross-bars. - - 101. Pseudancistrus setosus (Boulenger) . . Chaetostomus Setosus BOULENGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XIX, 1887, p. 349 (Colombia). R - Ancistrus setosus REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 239, plate XII, fig. 2 (Colombia). - Habitat: Colombia, without nearer designation. - - Regan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 469) records this species from the Rio Tamana. A specimen from that place secured through Mr. Rosenberg as P. setosus proves, however, to be P. pediculatus Eigenmann, as stated in the re- marks under that species. - - The following description is taken from Regan: Head 3; depth 6–6.5; D. I, 7 or 8; A. I, 3; twenty-five scutes, five or six between dorsal and adipose, ten between anal and caudal; eye 10–12 in the head, 2.5–3 in interorbital; mandibular ramus 1.33 in interorbital; sides of snout margined with bristles, scarcely visible in the female, one-seventh of the head in the male; interopercle with fifteen spines in the female, twenty-five in the male, apparently in two bundles, subequal in length, the longest not reaching beyond the head; first dorsal ray 66 of length of head; pectoral spine extending to anterior third, or nearly to middle of ventral. Olivaceous, body marbled, fins barred with dark spots. Leptancisſºus Meek and Hildebrand. Leptancistrus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 254. - * . Type, Leptancistrus canensis. - - - Very similar to Pseudancistrus dagua, without anal; adipose replaced by an adnate, slightly movable, median scute, preceded by two similar, less movable scutes. D. I, 8. Sides of head with bristles; some of the interopercular spines very long. - - - - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 81 102. Leptancistrus canensis Meek and Hildebrand. Leptancistrus canensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, loc. cit., p. 254, plate XI (Mountain streams near Cana, upper Tuyra Basin). Habitat: Tuyra Basin. - PANAQUE Eigenmann and Eigenmann. Type, Chaetostomus migrolineatus Peters. . The genus Panaque is readily distinguished from the other members of the Plecostominae by the small number of spoon-shaped teeth and the large, erectile, interopercular spines. It differs from the genus Cochliodon only in the presence of the interopercular spines. - . 103. Panaque gibbosus (Steindachner). Chaetostomus cochliodon (sive gibbosus) STEINDACHNER, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXX, 1879, p. 185 (Cauca); Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 63, plate IV, figs. 1 and 1 a (Cauca near Caceres). . - & Panaque cochliodon EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), II, 1889, p. 44; REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 243. Following the rules in the strictest and most literal sense, the name Panaque cochliodon should be applied to this species. But Steindachner in using the name cochliodon merely intended to say that he was in doubt whether his specimens belonged to Heckel's species Hypostomus cochliodon. He did not intend to apply this name as new to his specimens. In fact, he expressly gave the name gibbosus in case they should prove to be different. Considering the plain intent as well as the doubt whether the older genus Cochliodon is different from Panaque, I follow Regan in the use of the name gibbosus for this species. Habitat: Magdalena Basin from near the coast at least to Girardot. 3869, C. M., one, 355 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. . 7562 a, C. M.; 13911, I. U. M., four, 195–235 mm. to end of middle caudal rays. Apulo. Gonzales. - - - 15301, I. U. M., eight, 160–265 mm. to end of outer caudal rays. Girardot. Eigenmann. - - - CHAETOSTOMUs Tschudi. Type, Chaetostomus loborhynchus Tschudi. . A genus of Plecostominae characterized by the narrow naked area about the snout which is free from tentacles, and the wide mouth, the mandible being about equal to the interorbital. 82 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The species of this genus, eighteen in number, are confined to the mountain streams of northwestern South America. The southernmost locality recorded is Marcapata of the Rio Madre de Dios of the Beni Basin, east of Cuzco. The northernmost locality is the Chagres Basin, the easternmost Caracas. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CHAEToSTOMUs. a. Caudal peduncle three and one-half in the length, two and one-fourth to three times as long as deep. b. Interopercle with one, two, or three spines on two basal bones; D. I, 8; A. I, 5. - fischeri Steindachner. bb. Interopercle with four to seven spines on three basal bones. D. I, 8; A. I, 5; interorbital 3–3.33 in the length of the head. - * * c. Depth of head more than half (half in young) its length from snout to end of temporal plate; caudal with a narrow light margin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . marginatus Regan. ce. Depth of head equal half its length from snout to end of temporal plate; dorsal and caudal - conspicuously and narrowly barred. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . leucomelas Eigenmann. ccc. Depth of head less than half its length, dorsal and caudal uniform, or with a few wide bars. .* thomsoni Regan. bbb. Interopercle with twenty spines; depth of head more than two in its length; base of dorsal equal to its distance from the tip of the spine to the adipose. D. I, 8; A. I, 5. - * - aequinoctialis Pellegrin. aa. Caudal peduncle three in the length, three and one-half to four times as long as deep; five to eight interopercular spines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lepturus Regan. 104. Chaetostomus fischeri Steindachner. (Plate XIII, fig. 1.) Chaetostomus fischeri STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 162, plate IV, fig. 9 (Rio Mamoni near Chepo); JoRDAN and EVERMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLVII, 1896, p. 16; REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 248; Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1906–8, p. 112; MEEK and HyLDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Series, 1916, p. 249 (Tuyra Basin; Bayano Basin; Rio Chagres). - Chatostomus palmeri REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 667, plate LXXV, fig. 3 (Rio Tamana, San Juan Basin); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), XII, 1913, p. 470. - - Chaetostomus paucispinis REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 667, plate LXXV, fig. 2 (Tado, San Juan Basin); Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) XII, 1913. p. 470. - . - Habitat: Mamoni and Chagres Basins, San Juan Basin, Magdalena Basin, Atrato Basin, and Naranjito, Ecuador. - I have examined specimens of undoubted C. fischeri from Panama and undoubted C. paucispinis from Istmina and the Condoto and undoubted C. palmeri EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 83 from Istmina, in the San Juan and from elsewhere. While there are various small differences, I consider that all of these belong to C. fischeri. The color of C. pauci- spinis as figured by Regan is the general juvenile color of the genus. - No. of Length Catalog Numbers. -- Specimens in mm. Locality. Collector. 13653, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 230 Naranjito, Ecuador Henn 7553 a-c, C. M.; 13942, I. U. M. . . . . . . 6 Largest 116 Istmina Eigenmann 7334 a-c, C. M.; 13649, I. U. M. . . . . . .6 58–81 Istmina Wilson 7333 a, C. M.; 13648, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 2 67–80 Condoto { { 7575 a-e, C. M.; 13941, I. U. M. . . . . . .9 Largest 132 Girardot Eigenmann 7576 a-d, C. M.; 13943, I. U. M. . . . . . . 8 38–275 Piedra Moler & 4 7337 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 70 Raspadura Wilson 13982, I. U. M. . . . . s is a e s & e º e s a e º e º e s 1 - Rio Cupe, Cituro Meek and * . - - Hildebrand Head to end of temporal plate 2.8–3.2; depth 4.7–5.3; D. I; 8; A. I, 5; twenty- four or twenty-five plates along lower margin including the one at base of caudal; depth of head 1.8–2.2 in its length to end of temporal plate, width of head equal to, or a little less than, its length; interorbital 3–3.33 in length of head; interopercle with two strong spines; base of dorsal equal to its distance from the tip of the spine of the adi- pose or the caudal (Piedra Moler); pec- THR=_x toral spine reaching a little beyond the - * base or considerably beyond the middle of the outer ventral ray; depth of cau- dal peduncle 1.8 (Piedra Moler) to 2.5 in its length. . * Light brown to black, young with cross-shades on the back; tips of caudal and dorsal rusty; dorsal uniform, or with light spots on the rays, especially in the young; caudal uniform in the adult, with two and a half series of light spots near the base in the young. . The specimens from the Magdalena Basin are a little more robust than the others. The spines of the margin of the opercle are graduated, the spine at the angle sometimes quite large, and there may be in addition to the two large spines one or two small spines on the interopercle directed downward. Some of the small specimens from Piedra Moler have several interopercular spines in addition to the FIG. 19. Chaºtostomus fischeri Steindachner. No. 13653, I. U. M., 230 mm. two large Ones. 84 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 105. Chaetostomus marginatus Regan. Chaetostomus marginatus REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 249, plate XIII, fig. 1 (Salidero, N. W. Ecuador); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p.470, (Rio Condoto). - . . . 13658, I. U. M., 69 mm., Rio Durango, N. W. Ecuador. Purchased from Rosen- berg as C. microps. - - 13944, I. U. M., 55 mm., Chimbo, Ecuador. Rhoads. Habitat: Western Ecuador; Rio San Juan, Colombia. Head 3–3.75; depth 5.5–5.65; D. I, 8; A. I, 5; twenty-four to twenty-five scutes; depth of head 1.75 in its length in the adult, 2 in the young; eye 7–9 in the head, interorbital 3–3.25; interopercle with five or six short spines in three grOupS; base of dorsal equal to its distance from the adipose or its tip or the tip of its spine; caudal peduncle (2.16 in plate) 2.5 to 3 times as long as deep. - - - Color olivaceous with yellow dots on the head; dorsal membranes in adult with a light streak in the middle; caudal with a narrow light edge. The young speci- men from Durango has a series of light spots on each dorsal ray, and three light bars on the caudal. The young from Chimbo has the dorsal and caudal plain. The young specimens are scarcely distinguishable from the young of C. thomsoni. - • 106. Chaetostomus leucomelas Eigenmann. (Plate XII, figs. 5 and 6.) . Chatostomus leucomelas EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 681. 13652, I. U. M.; 7340, C. M., three, 116–143 mm., the largest the type. Rio Patia, halfway between the Rios Magui and Telembi. April 5–6, 1913. Henn. Head 3.33–3.5; depth 6–6.5; D. I, 8 in two; I, 9 in one; A. I, 5; scutes twenty-four to twenty-five ; eye 2.5 in the interorbital, which is 3 in the head; depth of head 2 in its length, its width about 8 of its length; interopercle with three to five strong, recurved, graduated spines; dorsal spine about 8 as long as head, base of dorsal equal to its distance from the middle of the adipose spine; caudal deeply emarginate, the lower lobe longest; depth of caudal peduncle 3 in its length. - • , - Back and sides light olive, faintly mottled. All fins, except the anal, with light bands across the rays, the membranes hyaline, margin of caudal light. The con- trast between light and dark bars is strongest on dorsal and caudal. No spot on the second membrane of the dorsal in one of the specimens; a spot on the base of the second membrane of the dorsal in two of the specimens. -- $. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 85 107. Chaetostomus thomsoni Regan. (Plate XII, fig. 4.) - Chatostomus thomsoni REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 250, plate XIV, fig. 2 (Villeta, Colombia, between Honda and Facatativa). - SPECIMIENS COLLECTED BY GONZALEs. 7341 a, C. M.; 13659, I. U. M., three, 65–89 mm., Quebrada Guadual. 7342 a, C. M., 55 mm., Quebrada Sarjento. | - 7343 a, C. M., 36 mm., Quebrada Alban. - 7344 a-d, C. M., largest 57 mm., Quebrade de la Ropera, Santander. .7345 a-h, C. M.; 13660, I. U. M., largest 69 mm., Rio San Gil, Santander. The first three localities are between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. Habitat: Santander, and between Honda and Facatativa. Head 3; depth 5.8–6; D. I, 8; A. I, 5; scales twenty-five; eye 2.5–3 in the interorbital which is 3 in the head; depth of the head 2.15 to 2.2 in its length; width of the head equal to its length; snout broadly rounded; five or six curved, graduate, interopercular spines; dorsal spine about equal to the snout, base of dorsal a little greater than its distance from the tip of the adipose; depth of caudal peduncle 2.33 in its length. • * - Uniform olivaceous, or with dark cross-shades on the back. Fins nearly uni- form with rusty tips, or dorsal and caudal rays alternately light and dark with three and a half dark bands on the caudal. 108. Chaetostomus aequinoctialis Pellegrin. Chaetostomus aquinoctialis PELLEGRIN, Bull. Mus. Hist. Natur. Paris, XV, 1909, p. 518; Poissons de l'Equateur, in Mission de l’Equateur, Arc de meridien equatorial, IX, B. p. 2, plate I (Rio Pove, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, at 560 m. above sea-level). Iº. - Habitat: Western Ecuador. - As - Head 3; depth 6; D. I, 8; A. I, 5; twenty-four scales; head as wide as long; 2.5 times as long as deep; eye 8 in head; interorbital 3.25, snout 1.66; interopercle with twenty spines, the posterior strong, 1.5 times the eye; dorsal spine 4 of the head, the last ray nearly equal to the first; base of caudal equals three-fourths of its distance from the caudal; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in its length. Olivaceous, with some dark spots on the rays of the dorsal. Known from a specimen 72 mm. long. - # 86 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 109. Chaetostomus lepturus Regan. (Plate XII, fig. 7.) Chatostomus lepturus REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 667, plate LXXV, fig. 1 (Rio Tamana); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 470 (Rios Tamana and Condoto). 7332 a-w, C. M.; 13647, I. U. M., one hundred and three, 57-193 mm., Istmina. Wilson. - - - f :, 7331 a-f, C. M.; 13646, I. U. M., eleven, 76–190 mm., Condoto. Wilson. 7537 a-b, C. M.; 15302, I. U. M., four, 150–220 mm., Rio San Juan, halfway between Puerto Negria and Istmina. Eigenmann. - Habitat: Upper San Juan Basin. . This species is easily distinguished by its elongate caudal peduncle. . . Head 3.25–3.5; depth 5.33–6; D. I, 8; A. I, 5; scutes twenty-four to twenty- six; depth of head very little over 2 in its length, width of head not quite equal to its length; interorbital 3–3.5 in the head; eye 7–10 in the head; interopercle with from four to eight short, curved spines, arranged in two or three diverging groups, none of them folding under the opercle; dorsal spine six-sevenths the length of the head, the last ray about half as long, the dorsal being obliquely emarginate or truncate, base of dorsal equal to its distance from the anterior half of the adipose spine; depth of caudal peduncle 3.33–4 in its length. - Adult nearly uniform olive, a few light spots on the posterior dorsal rays, a few dusky spots on the basal half of the caudal rays, tip of dorsal and tips of caudal lobes rusty, margin of caudal narrowly light; a dark spot at the base of the first and sometimes at the base of the second dorsal ray. - Young with cross-shades on the back, dorsal spots more numerous, three more or less regular, light bars across basal two-thirds of caudal, which is more broadly margined with light; upper surfaces of pectorals and ventrals with cross-shades; a dark spot at the bases of the anterior dorsal rays. ANCISTRUs Kner. Type, Hypostomus cirrhosus Cuvier and Valenciennes. Distinguished from all other Plecostominids by tentacles on the naked margin of the snout, much more numerous in the male than in the female. Evidently allied to Chaetostomus and Xenocara. - - REY TO THE SPECIES OF ANCISTRUs. - # a. Ramus of the lower jaw 3.1–4 in the interorbital, in the young three times. b. Lower surface with round dark spots, fins with dark spots; females 100 mm. long, with about fourteen marginal tentacles. . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - , , , , , , , , , , centrolepis Regan. EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH. AMERICA. 87 bb. Male plain below, female with faint pale spots below and on the fins, females 130 mm. long, with only four small tentacles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spinosus Meek and Hildebrand. aa. Ramus of lower jaw 1.8–2.3 in the interorbital. - - c. A. I, 3; interorbital 1.8–2.33 in length of head; ventral surface with light spots. - - triradiatus Eigenmann (Extralimital). cc. A. I, 3 or 4; interorbital 2.1–2.12 in length of head; dorsal spine 1.2–1.5 in the head. - chagresi Eigenmann and Eigenmann. 110. Ancistrus centrolepis Regan. (Plate XII, fig. 9; Plate XIII, fig. 2.) Ancistrus centrolepis REGAN Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 1913, p. 470 (Choco, Rio San Juan). - t Ancistrus melas EIGENMANN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 83 (Condoto; Raspadura). Head 2.5–2.8; depth 6; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; mandibular ramus 3–4 in the Aºs *= interorbital; median tentacles of the º & - snout not fully developed in a male 122 > & º Cº.GLE=y mm. long, consisting of only three ten- sº & - tacles; in the largest male there are two º <& median tentacles and respectively four and five on the arms of the Y. Dorsal sometimes reaching beyond middle of adipose spine, sometimes not to its base. Adult black, with obscure spots on the fins. Some small, lighter-colored e e Fig. 20. Ancist trolepis Regan. D specimens have the belly covered with IG 7\cºStruS Centrolepts Regan. LJrawn from the type of A. melas Eigenmann. No. 7335, C. round spots about equal to the eye; M., 106 mm. similar, but more obscure, spots on the back; the spots on the fins more conspicuous, those of the dorsal frequently consisting of oblique dashes on the membranes. 111. Ancistrus spinosus Meek and Hildebrand. Ancistrus spinosus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 252 (Rio Yape, Tuyra Basin; Rio Calobre, Bayano Basin). Habitat: Western slope of southern Panama. Known from two specimens 130 and 135 mm. long. It may prove to be a synonym of A. centrolepis Regan. * 88 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. © 112. Ancistrus chagresi Eigenmann and Eigenmann. Ancistrus cirrhosus (non Cuvier and Valenciennes) KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss. München, X, 1864, p. 61 (Rio Chagres). Chaetostomus cirrhosus GüNTHER, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, VI, 1866, p. 478 (Rio - Chagres). 4 - - Amcistrus chagresi EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. (2), II, 1889, p. 47 (Rio Chagres); Occasional Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1890, p. 446; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 251 (Chagres Basin and Rio Chorrera, a small stream on the Pacific slope west of Panama City). . Xenocara chagresi REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 256, plate XIV, fig. 7 (Rio Chagres); Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1906–8, p. 113 (Rio Chagres). - - Habitat: Both slopes of Central Panama. LORICARIA Linnaeus. Type, Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LORICARIA. a. Lower lip papillose, the maxillary barbel not reaching the gill-opening. b. Ventral surface entirely covered with plates; upper caudal lobe but little produced; orbit with a notch. - - c. Dorsal truncate, the spine and rays about coterminous; lateral plates scarcely encroaching on the ventral surface, five to nine plates between them at the middle of the pectoral; male without bristles on the nape; lateral keels two, becoming approximated on the fifteenth or sixteenth scute; predorsal scutes feebly carinate; no naked area behind pectoral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . uracantha Kner and Steindachner. cc. Tip of dorsal spine and the first ray extending beyond the tip of the rest; lateral plates encroaching considerably on the sides of the ventral surface; a narrow, naked area behind the pectoral. - d. Lateral keels uniting on the fifteenth or sixteenth scute. e. Outer ventral ray prolonged in a filament; width at pectoral equal to, or greater than, the distance between pectoral and snout; three or four plates on belly; below the middle of the pectoral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenae Steindachner. ee. Outer ventral ray not, or scarcely, prolonged in a filament, except in the young; width at pectoral equal to, or less than, distance between pectoral and snout; five to seven (rarely three) ventral plates at middle of pectorals. - . . - , * - - jubata Boulenger. da. Lateral keels uniting on the twenty-second scute; outer ventral rays moderately produced. - - - - f. Width at last anal ray 5–5.5 in caudal peduncle. . . . . . . . filamentosa Steindachner. ff. Width at last anal ray 4 in caudal peduncle........ latiura Eigenmann and Vance. tº º – * EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 89 bb. Ventral surface with a narrow, naked strip between two series of median plates and the lateral plates; orbit with a notch. - . . g. Width in front of pectoral spine a little greater than distance between snout and spine. - seminuda Eigenmann and Vance. gg. Width in front of pectoral spine less than distance between snout and spine. - capetensis Meek and Hildebrand. bbb. Ventral surface mostly naked; orbit without a notch. h. Ventrals lanceolate, the outer ray slightly produced, reaching beyond base of last anal ray, first dorsal rays extending beyond the tip of the rest ; keels united on the seventeenth scute; upper caudal ray extremely elongate; a series of scutes along the middle of the belly of the adult. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gymnogaster Eigenmann and Vance. hh. Ventrals not reaching beyond base of anal; upper caudal ray less produced. Keels united on about the twenty-first scute, dorsal rays coterminous, longest ray not quite as long - as head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fimbriata Eigenmann and Vance. aa. Lips with short tentacles, the margin with much longer ones, the maxillary barbel extending beyond the gill-opening; ventral rays produced, reaching anal; a row of scutes along middle of belly; ventral surface otherwise naked; upper caudal ray much produced; keels united on the sixteenth Scute; orbit with a notch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . variegata Steindachner. 113. Loricaria uracantha Kner and Steindachner. Loricaria uracantha KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss. Mün- chen, X, 1866, p. 56, plate VI, figs. 3, 3 a, 3b (New Granada; Rio Chagres); GüNTHER, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, 1866, p. 393 and 478 (Atlantic and Pacific slopes of Panama); VAILLANT, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1897, p. 220 (Chagres); REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 278 (Pan- ama); Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1906–1908, p. 113; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 256 (Rio Chagres). - Loricaria bransford. GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, p. 338 (Panama). Habitat: Chagres River, eastern slope of central Panama. - Meek and Hildebrand secured this species in the Chagres River. They doubt the record of the species from the Pacific slope. They find that L. bransfordi was based on the adult male of this species. - 114. Loricaria magdalenae Steindachner. (Plate XV, fig. 4.) Loricaria magdalena STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1879, p. 74, plate VII, figs. 2, 3 by REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 279. - - 3821, C. M.; 12783, I. U. M., four, 70–96 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 3822, C. M., one, 100 mm., Calamar. Eigenmann. - 7532 a-c, C. M.; 13638 a—b, I. U. M., six, 48–122 mm., Quibdo. Eigenmann. 90 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 7533 a-c, C. M.; 13952, I. U. M., seven, 30–120 mm., Managru. Wilson. 7326, C. M.; 13637, I. U. M., six, largest 102 mm., Raspadura. Wilson. 7534 a-d, C. M.; 13953, I. U. M., nine, largest 86 mm., Truando. Wilson. Habitat: Magdalena and Atrato Basins. - 115. Loricaria jubata Boulenger. Loricaria jubata BOULENGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IX, 1902, p. 70 (St. Javier, elev. 60 ft.; Rio Durango, 350 ft., both in N. W. Ecuador); REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 278, plate XV, fig. 5; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32 (Rio Condoto). . Loricaria magdalenae (non Steindachner) REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 470 (Rio San Juan; Rio Condoto). Habitat: Northwestern Ecuador to the San Juan and Atrato Basins. 7535 a, C. M., 95 mm. (to base of caudal), Raspadura, Atrato River. Wilson. 3823, C. M.; 12784, I. U. M., forty-three, 74–162 mm., Istmina, San Juan River. Eigenmann and Wilson. - 7325 a-c, C. M.; 13636, I. U. M., six, largest 148 mm., Tado, San Juan River. Wilson. - - º • 3820, C. M., one, 47 mm., Puerto Negria, San Juan River. Eigenmann. 7327 a, C. M.; 13645, I. U. M., two, Creeks of Rio Telembi, Patia Basin. Henn and Wilson. - * & . - 7327; a, C. M.; 13639, I. U. M., Patia between Magui and Telembi. Henn. 7327 a, C. M.; 13645, I. U. M., Rio Telembi, Patia Basin. Henn and Wilson. No. 13645, I. U. M. is a male with the bristles on sides of head, nape and pectoral extremely developed. The outer ventral rays are not prolonged. No. 7535, C. M., which is an undoubted jubata, extends the range of this species to the Atlantic drainage. - 116. Loricaria filamentosa Steindachner. Loricaria filamentosa STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXX, 1878, p. 45, plate IX (Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 65 (Cauca near Caceres); REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 274. - - Habitat: Lower Magdalena Basin. 3804 a-b, C. M.; 12694 a-c, I. U. M., five, 160–276 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 3805 a, C. M., one, 291 mm., Calamar. Eigenmann. - The width of the body at the last anal ray is contained 5–5.5 in its distance from the caudal. The anal buckler is made up of from seventeen to twenty-five EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 91 plates. The plates of the ventral surface form a complete armature, which is composed of the very wide lateral plates and two rows of median plates. Between the pectorals the median plates split up into a large number of small plates. 117. Loricaria latiura Eigenmann and Vance. (Plate XV, fig. 3.) Loricaria filamentosa latiura EIGENMANN and VANCE, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23), 1912, p. 13. - Loricaria tuyrense MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1913, p. 81 (Tuyra). - - Habitat: Tuyra and Atrato Basins. 3806, C. M.; 12695, I. U. M., twelve, Boca de Certegui. Eigenmann. 15303, I. U. M., 320 mm., Truando. Wilson. - The twelve specimens from Boca de Certegui differ from typical filamentosa very notably in the width of the body and tail. The width at the base of the last -- anal ray is contained but four times in the distance of its base from the caudal. In 15303, I. U. M., the width at the base of the last anal ray is contained but 3.33 times in the distance between the base of the last anal ray and the base of the caudal. The anal buckler is on the average composed of fewer plates. The number usually runs from fourteen to eighteen, but in one example, it reaches twenty-five. . . - Meek and Hildebrand secured this species in the Tuyra Basin at Boca de Cupe and at the mouth of the Yape. - 118. Loricaria seminuda Eigenmann and Vance. (Plate XIV, figs, 1 and 2.) Loricaria filamentosa seminuda EIGENMANN and VANCE, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23), 1912, p. 13. A single specimen from Girardot, 3807, C. M., measuring 182 mm. to base of caudal, differs from L. filamentosa. The median plates of the ventral surface are much smaller, leaving a naked area between them and the lateral plates. In other respects this species is like the typical specimens of filamentosa. 119. Loricaria capetensis Meek and Hildebrand. Loricaria capetensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1913, p. 80; 1913, p. 259, plate XII. 's This species is known from two specimens, 164 and 162 mm. long, taken in the Rio Capeti of the Tuyra Basin. 92 *. MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 120. Loricaria gymnogaster Eigenmann and Vance. (Plate XIV, figs. 3 and 4.) Loricaria gymnogaster EIGENMANN and VANCE, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23), 1912, p. 12. -- Habitat: Upper Magdalena Basin. 12691, I. U. M., type, 182 mm. to base of caudal (upper caudal filament about 480 mm.) ; 12692, I. U. M., seven paratypes, Apulo. Gonzales. - 3839 a-j, C. M.; 12693 a- ', I. U. M., forty-one paratypes, Girardot. Eigenmann. Head 4.8; depth 9.3; depth of head at base of occipital about half of its greatest width, which is 1.25 in its length. Eye 3.5 in snout; 6.5 in head, 1.6 in interorbital; D. I, 7; A. I, 5. Scutes eighteen + twelve; width at base of last anal ray 4 in its distance from the caudal. - - - Lateral keels prominent; the occipital with a single short serrate keel on its posterior half; the two median plates following it, each with two serrate keels. The occipital bordered by three plates behind. The lateral plates of the nape each with a serrated keel. Orbit without a notch, its upper margin spinulose. Belly naked in the adult, except for a few granules on the sides and in front of the anus, and sometimes on the breast; entirely naked in the young. Lips fringed with papillae, the lower lip broad, with fringed papillae increasing in size to the mouth. Three or four teeth on each side of the lower jaw, the same number in the upper jaw. Dorsal spine in adult equal to its distance from the anterior margin of the nares, the rays rapidly decreasing in height. Dorsal spine not so high in the young. . Pectorals with the outer ray extending to the second third of the ventral, about . equal to the head in length. Outer ventral ray thick, reaching about to the middle of the anal. Caudal emarginate, the lower ray but little produced, about twice as long as middle rays; the upper ray very greatly produced, more than twice the length of the rest of the fish. - - - Five obscure dark cross-bands, the first across the nape, the second just behind the dorsal. In the small specimens the bands are more conspicuous and a narrower fifth band extends obliquely downward and forward from the base of the second and third dorsal rays. In the young the margins of the bands are frequently more intense than the center, and a line behind the bands is frequently much lighter than the rest of the interspace. Dorsal uniformly spotted with faint quadrate spots. Caudal dusky at base and with two more or less distinct, dark bands, the last of which is at the margin; sometimes additional bands across the . caudal lobes; the outer caudal rays barred. Anal with one or two faint cross- bands, both frequently above the middle of the fin. Ventral with three or four similar bands. Pectorals with more numerous and less regular bands. - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 93 in the lower. 121. Loricaria fimbriata Eigenmann and Vance. (Plate XV, figs. 1 and 2.) Loricaria fimbriata EIGENMANN and VANCE, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23), 1912, p. 12; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 261 (Mouth of the Rio Capeti, Tuyra Basin). Habitat: Tuyra, Truando, and Magdalena Basins. - - - 3808, C. M., type, 114 mm. over all. Length to base of caudal, 84 mm. Boca de - Certegui. Eigenmann. - - - 3809, C. M.; 12714, I. U. M., two paratypes, the largest 52 mm. over all. Bernal Creek near Honda. Eigenmann. The paratype differs from the type in having seven obscure cross-bands. The caudal is blackish at the base and at its margin. Ventrals with two cross-bars. Lips simple, not fringed. About three teeth in the upper jaw and about six in the lower. - º • - - Head 4.25; depth 10; dorsal 8; anal 6; lateral plates twenty + ten or eleven; eye 2.7 in snout, 5.3 in head, a little less than 1 in interorbital. Width at last anal ray 5 in its distance from the caudal; width of head 1.4 in its length. Head moder- ately depressed, occipital strigate, with a pair of serrated keels, bordered by three plates. Plates of anterior part of body strigate and keeled. Lips broad, anterior with short, fleshy, marginal tentacles, the posterior papillose and with slender marginal fringes. A few granular plates along the middle of the belly, inconspicuous marginal plates at the sides. Lower-surface otherwise naked. - Pectoral truncate when opened, the outer ray not prolonged, reaching to the ventrals. Outer pectoral ray slightly produced, the rest of the margin of the fin rounded. Dorsal truncate, the tips of the rays reaching equidistant when the fin is depressed. Upper caudal filament about equal to distance from Snout to dorsal. Dorsal rays, each with about seven obscure spots. Caudal with narrow undulating bars of black and white. Pectorals colored like the dorsal, ventrals dusky, anal hyaline. Five obscure cross-bands in the type. Five teeth in the upper jaw, eight 122. Loricaria variegata Steindachner. Loricaria variegata STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 163, plate III (Rio Mamoni near Chepo, Panama); REGAN, Trans.” Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 293; Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1906–8, p. 113; REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32 (Rio Condoto); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser, X, 1916, D. 258. (Tuyra Basin.) - 13635, I. U. M., one, 132 mm., Tado. Wilson. 94 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 3813, C. M.; 12777, I. U. M., 15304, I. U. M., seven, 103–197 mm., Boca de Certegui. Eigenmann and Wilson. - - - 3814, C. M., one, 160 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 3816 a-b, C. M.; 12779, I. U. M., three, 49–66 mm., Peñas Blancas. Eigenmann. 3815 a-e, C. M.; 12778, I. U. M., twenty-four, 58–118 mm., Girardot. Eigenmann. 12780, I. U. M., eleven, 53–122 mm., Apulo. Gonzales. Habitat: Magdalena, Atrato, Tuyra, and Chepo Basins. STURISOMA Swainson. Type, Loricaria rostrata Spix. This is the Oayloricaria of Bleeker, recognized by Regan in Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 297. Teeth numerous; orbit without a distinct notch; snout produced and pointed. - KEY TO THE SPECIES OF STURIsoMA. a. Three rows of plates on belly. b. Width in front of the pectoral equal to, or less than, snout; mandible 2.5–3 in interorbital; a dark streak along the sides from snout to end of dorsal; a dark streak on the dorsal just behind the spine. Head 4.06—5.3; scutes thirty-three to thirty-five. bb. Width in front of the pectoral greater than the snout. . c. Fins long and sharply pointed; the dorsal spine almost equal to its distance from the snout; anterior half of dorsal blackish; caudal dark at base; head 5.25–5.33; thirty-one to thirty-three scutes; width of head 1.14–1.25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tamanae (Regan). ce. Dorsal fin about equal to its distance from the middle of the snout; fins plain; head about 5; thirty-one scutes; width of head about 1.6 in its length; snout acute, its margin - COIlC8, Ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... aureum (Steindachner). ccc. Fins shorter, the dorsal spine equal to its distance from the middle of the eye or the nares; dorsal with spots along the rays; head 4.2–4.5 in the length; thirty scutes; width of + head 1.4–1.5 in its length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . leightoni (Regan). aa. Five to eight rows of plates on belly; head 4.55–5.1 in the length; scutes thirty or thirty-one; height of dorsal not much greater than length of head; fins usually with indistinct dark markings. - -- citurense (Meek and Hildebrand). 123. Sturisoma panamense (Eigenmann and Eigenmann). (Plate XVI, figs. 4, 5, and 6.) Loricaria rostrata (non Spix) STEINDACHNER, Denksch. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 165 (Rio Mamoni). - - - - Loricaria panamensis EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), II, 1889, p. 34; Occasional Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1890, p. 365 (Panama). - Oayloricaria panamensis REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 301; panamense (Eigenmann and Eigenmann). * EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 95 Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1906–8, p. 114; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1916, p. 261 (Rio Calobre, Bayano Basin; Tuyra Basin). zº Sturisoma panamense EIGENMANN, Reports Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 1916, p. 416; REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 470 (Rios San Juan and Condoto). - - ?Loricaria aurea STEINDACHNER, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1900, p. 206; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 138, plate V, fig. 2 (Rio Magdalena). Loricaria frenata BoulBNGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IX, 1902, p. 69 (N. W. Ecuador). - - Oayloricaria frenata (REGAN), Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 302, plate |XVIII, fig. 2 (N. W. Ecuador). Sturisoma frematum. EIGENMANN, Reports Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 1909, p. 416. - - Oryloricaria dariensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël Ser., X, 1913, p. 81 (Rio Tuyra and Rio Bayano Basins). - Habitat: Bayano, Tuyra, Magdalena, San Juan, and Patia Basins; North- western Ecuador. - SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 3919, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 137 Below Buenavista Eigenmann 7536, C. M. . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * * * ... is e º e s is 1 150 Quibdo Wilson 13966, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 194 Certegui ( & 13641, I. U. M.; 7329, C. M. . . . . .6 140–196 Condoto ( & 13644, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . '• - - - - - 1 ——— Tado - . ( ( 12782, I. U. M.; 3818, C. M. . 6 91–161 Istmina Eigenmann 12781, I. U. M.; 3817, C. M. . 4 70–207 Puerto Negria - { { 13642, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 210–245 Rio Magui Henn 13643, I. U. M.; 7330, C. M. . 6 166–196 Patia between ( & Magui and Telembi 13992, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 182–195 Boca de Cupe Meek and Hildebrand 51985, U. of Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . 7 Largest 172 Fundación Pearse and Gaige 124. Sturisoma tamanae (Regan). Oayloricaria tamana, REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 669, plate LXXVII, figs. 1, 1 a and 1 b (Rio Tamana, San Juan Basin.) Sturisoma tamanae REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 470 (Rio Tamana; Rio Condoto). - - 3811, C. M.; 12775, I. U. M., five, 114–224 mm., Istmina. Eigenmann. 3810, C. M.; 12774, I. U. M., two, 172–184 mm., halfway between Puerto Negria and Istmina. Eigenmann. 96 - - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 3812, C. M.; 12776, I. U. M., seventeen, 165–210 mm., Puerto Negria. Eigen- IſlallIl. - - . - 7328, C. M.; 13640, I. U. M., two, 169–187 mm., San Juan Basin. Wilson. Habitat: San Juan Basin. - - - 125. Sturisoma aureum (Steindachner). Loricaria aurea STEINDACHNER, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1900, p. 206; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 138, plate V, fig. 2 (Bodega Central, Rio Magdalena and Rio Meta). This species has been identified with S. panamense by Regan. It is known from one specimen 169 mm. long to base of caudal, and a smaller specimen from the Rio Meta. The latter identification may well be left in doubt until direct comparisons of larger specimens can be made. S. aurea temporarily at least is here resurrected. It seems to be intermediate between panamense and leightoni. Head about 5; D. 8; thirty-one scutes; eye nearly 10 in head; snout a little Over 1.6. - . 126. Sturisoma leightoni (Regan). (Plate XVI, figs. 1 and 2.) Oayloricaria leightoni REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 669, plate LXXVII, . fig. 2 (Honda). - Habitat: Upper Magdalena Basin; Rio San Juan; and east of Bogota. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 12785, I. U. M.; 3824 a-j, C. M. . . . . . . 52 22–93 Bernal Creek, Honda Eigenmann 12786, I. U. M.; 3824 a-f, C. M. . . . . . ... 13 58–98 Girardot - & & 13788, I. U. M.; 3828 a-c, C. M. . . . . . . 5 59–88 Piedra Moler . - { { 3826 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 91 Cartago & & 12789, I. U. M.; 3829 a-f, C. M. . . . . . . 13 48–102 Paila - “ 12790, I. U. M.; 3830 a-c, C. M. . . . . . . 5 79–105 Cali - “ . 12787, I. U. M.; 3827 a, C. M.. . . . . . . . 2 79–88 Cauca at Cali - ( * , 12791, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1 86 Istmina, R. San Juan - “ 13799, I. U. M.; 13796, I. U. M. . . . . . . Male and 97–100 Cumaral, Meta Basin Maria . female - The specimens from Cumaral in Eastern Colombia differ slightly in having the fins a little shorter and the spines of the male shorter. - 127. Sturisoma citurense Meek and Hildebrand. (Plate XVI, fig. 3) Oayloricaria citurensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser., X, 1913, p. 82 (Rio Cupe and Cituro, Panama); ibid., X, 1916, p.262, plate XIII (Bayano and Tuyra Basins). - . Habitat: Pacific slope of southern Panama. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 97 I have examined specimens (13989–13991 I. U. M.) collected at Rio Yape and Boca de Cupe by Meek and Hildebrand. FARLOWELLA. Eigenmann and Eigenmann. Type, Acestra acus Kner. 128. Farlowella gracilis Regan. Farlowella gracilis REGAN, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XVII, 1904, p. 303, plate XX, fig. 3 (Rio Caqueta, Cauca Valley). - This species, known from the type, a specimen 190 mm. long, was not collected by me in the Cauca Valley. - - Order HETEROGNATHI. Family X. CHARACIDAE. KEY TO THE TRANSANDEAN GENERA of CHARACIDAE. a. Teeth none; no gill-rakers; intestine very long; an adipose fin; postventral area with a median Series of Scales, lateral line complete, caudal naked. (Curimatinae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Curimatiis. aa. Teeth of the upper jaw spatulate, none on the middle of the lower jaw; sides of the lower jaw with or without teeth. (Parodontinae). b. Lower lip with a straight transverse margin; teeth of upper jaw with a narrow base and an expanded pectinate tip, their long axes horizontal; mandible proximally rod-shaped, distally with two flat blades, one of them thin, quadrate, transverse, forming the front of the jaw; the other, at right angles to it, forming the sides of the jaw; it has a large or Smaller hollow ampulla protruding from its outer surface near the middle of its free margin. c. Sides of the lower jaw with one to three outcurved truncate incisors on the inner side of the ampulla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parodon. cc. Sides of the lower jaw without teeth, the ampulla comparatively small. . . . . . . . . Apareiodon. bb. Lower lip five-lobed, arranged in a crescent; teeth of the upper jaw not serrate, each succeeding OI)6 considerably behind the preceding one; no teeth in the lower jaw. . . . . . . . . . . . Saccodon. aaa. Teeth very numerous, minute, freely movable; jaws weak; the mouth protractile, sucker-like; gill-membranes joined to the isthmus; a movable, procumbent, predorsal spine. º aaaa. Teeth well developed in both jaws. (Prochilodina). . . . . Prochilodus. d. Teeth compressed, truncate, notched, denticulate, or serrate; sometimes a few canines, conic in Grundulus and Pyrrhulina. e. Mandibular teeth in two series in front; skull without fontanels. f. No adipose fin; walls of air-bladder normal. Teeth of the outer mandibular series conical. (Pyrrhulininae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pyrrhulina. ff. Walls of anterior portion of the posterior air-bladder cellular. Teeth of the outer series of the mandible multicuspid. (Lebiasininae). tº g. Adipose absent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lebiasina. gg. Adipose present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Piabucina. ee. Mandibular teeth in a single series in front, sometimes with a pair of canines near the sym- physis. 98 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. h. Premaxillary with a single series of teeth. - 7. Teeth very few, entire, pointed obliquely forward. (Anastomatinaº). j. Anterior and posterior narial openings separated by a flap; gill-membranes united, joined to the isthmus; intestine short ; mouth very small, with few leporine teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leporinodus. jj. Anterior and posterior narial openings separated by an interspace ; gill-mem- - branes united and joined to the isthmus. - k. Back with a distinct hump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abramites. kk. Back normal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leporinus. ii. Teeth usually three-pointed, no frontal fontanel; a small circular occipital fontanel; gill-membranes free from the isthmus; maxillary without teeth. - - (Narmostomatinae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Characidium. iii. Teeth conical, tri- or multicuspid; gill-membranes free from each other and from isthmus; large frontal and parietal fontanels. (Cheirodontinae). l. No adipose fin; lateral line incomplete. m. Predorsal area partly naked; teeth all conic, in regular series. Anal short, less than twenty rays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grundulus. mm. Predorsal area scaled; part of the teeth tricuspid. Anal long, over fifty rays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phanagoniates. ll. Adipose fin well developed. n. Teeth tricuspid; interhaemals normal; lateral line with but few pores, caudal naked; no pseudotympanum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Megalamphodus. nm. Teeth in part five-lobed. º 0. Lateral line incomplete. - p. Male with a lobe of large scales extending along the base of the middle caudal rays; interhaemals weak. . . . . . . . . . CompSura. pp. Caudal of male without a median series of scales. q. Interhaemals of the male weak. . . . . . . . . . Pseudocheirodon. qq. Interhaemals of the male forming a saw on the lower edge of the caudal peduncle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheirodon. 00. Lateral line complete; interhaemals feeble; maxillary with a few broad-tipped teeth; teeth of the upper and lower jaws similar. Odontostilbe. hh. Premaxillary teeth in two or more series. r. Breast not compressed to an edge. - A. * S. Dorsal fin near middle of body; teeth with three or more lobes except in Genycharaº, (which see). - - t. Sides of lower jaw. with two series of teeth, a pair of canines behind the series near Symphysis. (Brycominae). . . …... Brycon. tt. Lower jaw with a single series of teeth; caudal naked. e w. Teeth of the sides of the lower jaw not on a raised ridge. - (Tetragonopterinae). v. Premaxillary teeth in two series. w. Second suborbital not in contact with the preopercle below, or with five teeth in the inner series of the pre- maxillary. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 99. a. Lateral line incomplete; an adipose fin; caudal naked. ..y. Few teeth, if any, near the upper angle of the maxillary. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Hyphessobrycon. !/l/. Maxillary with teeth along its entire edge; lateral teeth of the lower jaw and median teeth of the upper jaw enlarged. . . . . . . . . . . Pseudochalceus. wa. Lateral line complete. - 2. Teeth all notched or denticulate; scales cycloid. Astyanax. 22. Teeth all triangular, those of the outer series of the upper jaw much more numerous than those of the inner. Mouth very large, the lower jaw entering the profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genycharax. 222. Teeth of the lower jaw all similar, those of the side of the jaw wider than the anterior ones; maxillary with two very broad teeth. Landonia. ww. Second suborbital in contact with the lower limb of the preopercle; four teeth in the inner series of the premaxillary. - - A. No adipose fin; lateral line incomplete; outer and middle caudal rays of the male filiform. Nematobrycon. AA. Adipose fin present. - B. Anal very short, with but ten rays... Microgenys. B.B. Anal moderate or long. C. Few teeth along the upper portion of the maxillary. D. Middle caudal rays with enlarged scales forming a pouch. *. E. Lower caudal fulcra in the male separated from the rest. - Argopleura. E. E. Lower caudal fulcra not separated from the rest. . . . Phenacobrycon. DD. Caudal in the male without glandular Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . Bryconamericus. CC. Teeth along the entire or nearly entire edge of the maxillary. . . . . . . . . . . . Hemibrycon. vv. Premaxillary with three series of teeth, the lower jaw short; anal short. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creagrutus. ºuv. Teeth of the sides of the lower jaw large, conical, on a raised ridge. - (Rhoadsin ae). F. Lateral line complete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parastremma. FF. Lateral line incomplete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhoadsia. 100 . MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ss. Origin of the dorsal behind the middle of the body, anal short, mouth oblique - - (Glandulocaudinae). G. Opercle in male prolonged, ending in a flap over the anal. - Stewardia (eactralimital). GG. Opercle not prolonged. H. A scale of the sides in the male prolonged, expanded into a dermal flap at its end. Anal short. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pterobrycon. H H. None of the scales prolonged; three lowest rays of the caudal in the male separated from the rest, a squamous pouch surrounding them. - - I. Anal with thirty to thirty-four rays; lateral line complete. - Gephyrocharax. II. Anal with eighteen rays; lateral line incomplete... Microbrycon. Tr. Preventral area trenchant. - J. Body elongate; lateral line continued to the tail. (Chalcininae). . . . Chalcinus. J.J. Body short; lateral line deflected before the anal and adipose. (Gastero- pelicinae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thoracocharax. da. Teeth conical or triangular. K. Dorsal near middle of the body, adipose fin present, fontanels well developed. L. No teeth on the palate. M. Abdominal area long, the pectorals not overlapping the more or less remote ventrals; salmon-like. Teeth in the outer series of both jaws larger than those of the inner. (Salmininae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salminus. MM. Abdominal area short, pectorals overlapping the nearby ventrals, anal very long. (Characinae). N. Breast and belly rounded. 0. Jaws with external tooth-like processes; rakers on upper and lower gill- arches similar, no conspicuous canines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roeboides. 00. Jaws without external tooth-like processes; with canines. . . . . . . Charax. N N. Breast and belly compressed to an edge; lower jaw with a pair of canines on each side, a pair of small canines behind the first series. Gilbertolus. LL. Teeth on the palate in the adult, none in the young. Dorsal near middle of body, an adipose fin and fontanels present (Acestrorhamphina.). . . . . . . . . . Acestrocephalus. R. K. Dorsal far behind the middle of the body, an adipose fin; snout very long. With the general appearance of a Lepidosteus (Hydrocynina). . . . . . . . . . . . Ctenolucius. KKK. Dorsal near middle of body, no adipose fin; no fontanels. A. 10–13. Strong canines. Palate with teeth (Erythriminae). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hoplias. Subfamily CURIMATINAE. CURIMATUs Oken. The term Curimatus is here used in its wider sense. Until the entire group is revised the recognition of Smaller genera has little advantage. Mouth without teeth; caudal naked; lateral line complete; gill-rakers short. - This genus ranges from its northernmost locality, the Rio Chorrera on the EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 101 Pacific side of Panama, to Buenos Aires on the east and to Paita, Peru, on the west. While there are seven species of Curimatus in the area under consideration, so far as known, no locality harbors more than two species. The highest elevation at which Curimatus was found is Girardot. Most of them are found within the first three hundred feet above sea-level. Two species are found in both Atlantic and Pacific drainage areas. These are C. lineopunctatus, found abundantly in the entire San Juan Basin and across its headwaters in the headwaters of the Atrato; and C. magdalenae, found in Lake |Maracaibo and the Magdalena, Atrato, Tuyra, and the Mamoni Basins. . KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CURIMATUS. a. Scales in lateral line fewer than sixty; post-ventral area rounded, or very obscurely keeled. b. A conspicuous black band from tip of snout to end of middle caudal rays, in the adult fainter bands above and below this; no caudal spot; a large black band from near the middle of the anterior dorsal rays to the base of about the fifth to seventh rays; highest anal ray extending much beyond the tip of the last; ventrals under middle of dorsal; scales 5.5–36 to 39–5 or 6; predorsal area scaled; caudal naked; isthmus under posterior margin of eye. atratočnsis Eigenmann. bb. Series of spots along the rows of scales; a conspicuous black spot on the caudal peduncle; longest anal rays extending beyond tip of last; ventrals under anterior part of dorsal; caudal naked. - - c. Depth 2.66–3; scales 6 to 7–38 to 44–5% to 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lineopunctatus Boulenger. cc. Depth 3–3.33; scales 8 or 9–44 to 48–8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bbb. A black lateral band, separated by an interspace from a sharp black spot at the base of the middle caudal rays. Anal slightly emarginate, the highest ray extending beyond the tip of . . . . . . patia: Eigenmann. the last ray; scales 8 to 10–51 to 56-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peruanus Eigenmann. bbbb. Sides plain. d. No spot on caudal peduncle; tip of anal lobe extending beyond tip of last ray; isthmus under posterior margin of eye; depth of caudal peduncle nearly equal to its length, which is equal to the length of head less snout and half of the eye; scales 5.5 or 6–38 to 41–6; A. 9. Silvery. A few scales on the bases of the caudal lobes. Predorsal line with eleven scales. Origin of ventrals under anterior part of dorsal. - - Imagdalenae Steindachner. dd. A well-defined spot on caudal peduncle; tip of anal lobe extending little, if any, beyond tip of last ray; isthmus under middle of anterior margin of opercle. Scales 10–57–8; A. 10. Brassy. No regular median series of scales in front of dorsal, the median line partly naked; origin of ventrals in front of vertical from origin of dorsal. boulengeri Pellegrin. dad. A well defined spot on caudal peduncle becoming faint with age; predorsal line naked; post-ventral area rounded; scales 7 or 8–44 to 49–5 to 7; A. 9, the highest rays extending far beyond the tip of the last; pectorals reaching to within about three scales of the ventrals; dorsal obliquely truncate or rounded, the highest rays extending a little beyond tip of antepenultimate; caudal naked. Brassy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . troscheli (Günther). 102 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. aa. Scales small, 16–70 to 78–14; post-ventral area keeled; predorsal line scaled at least in part, but without a distinct median series of scales; A. 11 or 12, highest anal ray not extending beyond tip Of last; pectoral reaching ventrals; dorsal falcate, the highest ray equals length of head, extending beyond tip of antepenultimate; caudal naked. Bright silvery. . . . . . . . . . . . mivarti Steindachner. 129. Curimatus atratoensis Eigenmann. (Plate XVIII, fig. 1.) Curimatus atratoënsis EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, p. 19 (Quibdo). - - - - 4814 a, C.M., type, 105 mm.; 4833 a-j, C. M.; 12676, I. U. M., paratypes, Quibdo. Eigenmann. * 6684 a-f, C. M.; 13048, I. U. M., eleven, largest 60 mm., Quibdo. Wilson. 6685 a-ac, C. M.; 13050, I. U. M., two hundred and sixteen specimens, largest 111 mm., Truando River. Wilson. Habitat: Atrato Basin. - - Head 4–4.33; depth 3–3.33; D. 11; A. 9, very rarely 8; scales 5.5–36 to 39–5 or 6 (36/3, 37/2, 38/4, 39/1, the denominator represents the number of individuals); eye 1 in snout, 3.4 in head, 1.4 in interorbital. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.33 in its length, which is equal to the head, or the head without the snout. - Postventral area rounded. Origin of dorsal about midway between snout and middle of adipose; dorsal obliquely truncate when expanded, its margin making an angle of about forty-five degrees with the horizontal, its highest ray equals length of head; caudal lobes about 3.75 in the length; anal base about equal to length of eye, margin of anal concave, the last rays not prolonged, the second and third rays extending much beyond the tip of the last; length of pectorals equals the head less the snout; ventrals slightly longer, their origin under middle of dorsal. Scales large and very regularly arranged; ventral surface rounded; few or no radials; anal and caudal entirely naked; predorsal area scaled; about ten to twelve series of scales, sometimes a nearly complete median series, sometimes two series overlapping most of the length. This species is readily distinguished by its coloration. A conspicuous black band extends from the snout through the eye and the operculum along the lateral line to the end of the middle caudal rays, bordered with a light color above and below. Back dark, with dark zigzag lines between the rows of scales; two or three similar lines below lateral band, the second the most prominent, otherwise silvery below lateral band. A dorsal spot obliquely extending from near the middle of the front margin of the fin to its base at the fifth to seventh rays. In the young the lines above and below the lateral band are faint. This is one of the most conspicuously marked fishes of Colombia and resembles Leporinus striatus from the same waters, - EIGENMANN: . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN. SOUTH AMERICA. 103 --> 130. Curimatus lineopunctatus Boulenger. (Plate XVIII, fig. 2.) Curimatus lineopunctatus BoulPNGER, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), VII, Feb., 1911, p. 213 (Novita, Rio Tamana); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, Nov., 1913, p. 466 (Tamana). - - - Habitat: Rio Dagua, Rio San Juan, and upper Atrato Basin. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. Catalog Numbers. No. Of Length. Locality. Collector. -> Specimens. in mm. - 5077 a, C. M.; 12834, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 14 Largest 109 Cordova Eigenmann 5370 a-c, C. M.; 13056, I. U. M. . . . . . 12 51–112 Small creek near Boca del - Guineo, Rio Calima Henn 5007 a-t, C. M.; 12807, I. U. M. . . . . .80 Largest 151 Puerto Negria, R. San Juan Eigenmann 5008 a-m, C. M.; 12808, I. U. M. . . . .40 Largest 170 Istmina & & 6686 a-c, C. M.; 12956, I. U. M. . . . . . 7 Largest 138 Istmina Wilson 12958, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — --- Tado, R. San Juan { { 13057, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 * Raspadura, Atrato Basin & 4 5076 a, C. M.; 12833, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 2 72–145 Boca de Raspadura, Eigenmann Atrato Basin - 5371 a-d, C. M.; 13058, I. U. M. . . . . . 16 26–165 Managru, Atrato Basin Wilson Head 4; depth 2.66–3; D 11; A. 9; scales 6–38 to 44 (usually 41)–5.5 to 7 ; eye 1 in snout, 3 in head, 1.4–1.5 in interorbital. Isthmus a trifle behind the pos- terior margin of the eye; depth of caudal peduncle about 1.25 in its length, which is equal to head without snout. * Origin of dorsal nearer tip of adipose than snout; margin of dorsal subtruncate - to rounded, the highest ray about equal to length of head, Scarcely, if at all, ex- tending beyond tip of antepenultimate when depressed; caudal lobes 2.75-3.5 in the length ; base of anal longer than eye, longest ray equals head less opercle, extending beyond last rays, which are not prolonged; pectorals equal head less opercle; ventrals slightly longer, their origin under anterior part of dorsal; scales regularly arranged, those of the second series above the ventrals, one and one half times as high as those of the second series below the dorsal; usually no radials; caudal and anal naked; about fifteen scales in front of the dorsal, sometimes the predorsal line fully scaled, sometimes naked for a short distance just in front of the dorsal. - - . A conspicuous black spot about the size of the eye on the caudal peduncle; rows of black spots along the series of scales, most conspicuous on the middle of the sides, fading out above and below; a silvery area below the level of the lower caudal lobe. . Readily distinguished from the rest of the San Juan fishes by the series of spots along the rows of scales. This species is abundant in the San Juan, but is 104 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. also occasionally taken immediately across the divide in the Raspadura and Quito Rivers of the upper Atrato Basin. 131. Curimatus patiae Eigenmann. (Plate XVIII, fig. 3.) Curimatus patiae EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 19, 1914, p. 12 (Barbacoas). - º 5368, C. M., type 168 mm., 5369 a-c, C. M.; 13055, I. U. M., fifteen paratypes, 96–160 mm., Barbacoas. Henn and Wilson. 12957, I. U. M., creek emptying into the Telembi above Barbacoas. Henn and & Wilson. - Habitat: Lower Patia Basin. - - Head 3.6–4; depth 3–3.33; D. 11 (rarely 12); A. 9; scales 9–48–8 (type), 8 or 9–44 to 48–7 or 8. . - Very similar to C. lineopunctatus, but a little slenderer, the scales smaller, the faint lateral spots tending to run together to form longitudinal lines. 132. Curimatus peruanus sp. nov. (Plate XVIII, fig. 4.) 7684, C. M., paralupe 151 mm.; 15162, I. U. M., type 162 mm., paratype 105 mm., Sullana, Peru, Jan., 1919. Eigenmann. Head 4.29–4.66; depth 3.33–3.5; D. 11; A. 9; scales 8 to 10–51 to 56–8; eye 1.4 in the snout, 4.3 in the head, 2 in the interorbital. - Predorsal line mostly scaled; dorsal obliquely truncate, the longest ray ex- tending beyond the penultimate ray; anal slightly emarginate, the highest ray extending beyond the tip of the last; origin of ventral and base of third to fifth dorsal rays equidistant from snout; origin of ventrals about equidistant from tip of snout and base of middle caudal rays; pectorals scarcely reaching half-way to second third of ventrals, to the seventh to ninth scales in front of the ventrals. Silvery; a sharp black spot at the base of the middle caudal rays, separated by an interspace from a black lateral band, which starts abruptly and fades out forwardly. - 133. Curimatus magdalenae Steindachner. (Plate XVII, fig. 2.) Curimatus magdalenae STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 50 (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLI, 1879, p. 167 (Mamoni River, Panama); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 67 (Cauca near Caceres); EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 1889, p. 16; Boul ENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIV, April, 1899, No. 346, p. 2 (Laguna della Pita, Darien); EIGENMANN, Science, N. S., XXII, July 7, 1905, p. 19 (Mamoni, Magdalena); EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 105 REGAN, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1908, p. 174; MEEK and HILDE- BRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël Ser., X, 1916, p. 269 (Pacific slope of Panama from the Rio Chorrera to the Tuyra). - 5125, C. M., one, 200 mm., Boca de Certegui. Eigenmann. 5124 a, 6687 a-e, C. M.; 13047, I. U. M., thirteen, 45–193 mm., Quibdo. Eigen- mann and Wilson. . - 6688 a-j, C. M.; 13472, I. U. M., eighty-five, largest 162 mm., Truando. Wilson. 5121, C. M.; 12838, I. U. M., four, 122–142 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. .# 5122 a-e, 5123 a-c, C. M.; 12837, 12839, I. U. M., twenty-five, 94–143 mm., Calamar. Eigenmann. I have also examined specimens from Encontrados, Province of Zulia, Venezuela, collected by Dearborn, 6634, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Habitat: Maracaibo, Magdalena, and Atrato Basins; Pacific slope of Panama. Head 3.33–3.66; depth 2.5–2.8 in Atrato specimens (3 in Magdalena speci- mens); D. 11, rarely 12; A. 9; scales 5–38 to 41–6 (38/1, 39/4, 40/4, 41/1, the denominator representing the number of individuals); eye 3.5–4 in the head, 14 in the interorbital in young, 2 in adult; isthmus under posterior margin of eye. Postventral area very faintly keeled. - - Origin of the dorsal equidistant from the tip of the snout and the tip of the adipose, or a little nearer the latter, its margin obliquely rounded, its longest rays not, or scarcely, extending beyond the tip of the penultimate ray; caudal lobes equal to the length of the head; base of anal a little longer than the eye, its anterior rays extending to the caudal in the adult and considerably beyond the tip of the last anal ray, its base equal to the length of the head without the opercle, or shorter; pectorals equal to the head without the opercle; ventrals about equal to the head less half the opercle, their origin under the anterior part of the dorsal. Scales very regularly placed, those of lower part of sides larger than those on upper part of sides; few radials; anal naked; a few scales on the bases of the caudal lobes; predorsal line completely scaled, but without a complete median series. The specimens from the Atrato Basin are a little deeper and more frequently have forty scales; those from the Magdalena are slenderer, and usually have thirty- nine scales. Silvery in coloration, darker above, but without distinct markings. 134. Curimatus boulengeri Pellegrin. (Plate XVII, fig. 3.) Curimatus guentheri (non Eigenmann and Eigenmann) BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, Dec., 1898, No. 329, p. 4 (Rio Vinces). 106 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Curimatus boulengeri PELLEGRIN, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1908, p. 343 (new name); EIGENMANN, Repts. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, III, 1910, p. 422. Habitat: Pacific slope of Southern Ecuador. - The name boulengeri was independently substituted for the preoccupied guentheri by Pellegrin, and by Eigenmann. SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY ARTHUR W. HENN. 6689 a-j, C. M.; 13473, I. U. M., eighty-seven specimens, largest 185 mm., Colimes, Ecuador. - - 6690 a., C. M.; 13474, I. U. M., two specimens, largest 194 mm., Rio Barranca Alta. 6691 a-j, C. M.; 13475, I. U. M., four hundred and seventy-six specimens, largest 140 mm., Vinces. 3- Head 3.66; depth 3.2–3.5; D. 11; A. 10; scales 9 or 10–50 to 57–7 or 8; eyes 3 (in young)–4 in head; 1.33–1.9 in interorbital; depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in its length; postventral surface keeled; isthmus under anterior margin of opercle. Origin of dorsal nearer tip of adipose than snout; dorsal very obliquely trun- cate, pointed, the highest ray but little shorter than head, extending far beyond antepenultimate; caudal lobes.equal to length of head; base of anal nearly equal to length of eye and snout; highest ray of anal longer than base of anal, extending little beyond tip of last ray, which is longer than some of the rays preceding it; pectorals and ventrals of nearly equal length, about equal to head less opercle; pectorals reaching to within about one scale of the ventrals; origin of ventrals in front of origin of dorsal. - Scales very regularly placed; those above the ventrals considerably larger than those under the dorsal; several radials; caudal and ventrals entirely naked; predorsal line partly naked, partly covered with small scales. Brassy, with golden (?) lines following the rows of scales on the middle of the sides. An obscure spot on caudal peduncle. w 135. Curimatus troscheli (Günther). (Plate XVII, fig. 4.) “Dika.” Amodus troschelii GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1859, p. 418 (Western Andes of Ecuador). - -- & Curimatus troschelii GüNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 290; BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, Dec., 1898, No. 329, p. 4 (Rio Vinces). Curimatus aureus PELLEGRIN, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1908, p. 342 (Guayas). Habitat: Western slopes of Ecuador, draining into the Bay of Guayaquil. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 107 SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY ARTHUR W. HENN. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. * Specimens. in mm. Locality. 6693 a-c, C. M.; 13536, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Largest 154 Vinces, Ecuador 6692 a-c, C. M.; 13536, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Largest 203 Guayaquil Market 6694 a-c, C. M.; 13537, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Largest 177 Colimes 13538, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Largest 193 Rio Barranca Alta 13539, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Largest 52 ( & { { ( & 13540, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Largest 42 Rio Chanchan Head 3.66–3.9; depth 3; D. 11 or 12; A. 9; scales 7 or 8–44 to 49–5 to 7; eye 3.5–4 in the head; 1.6–2 in the interOrbital. Postventral area rounded; predorsal line naked; isthmus under posterior margin of the eye. Origin of dorsal nearer tip of adipose than snout; dorsal obliquely rounded or truncate, the highest ray about equal to head less half the Opercle, extending a little beyond tip of antepenultimate, caudal lobes equal to length of head; length of base of anal equals eye and half the snout; anal rays decreasing in length to the last, the longest ray extending much beyond the tip of the last and to the caudal in some, their length equal to the head less the opercle; ventrals very little longer than the pectorals, which are equal to the length of the head less the snout, pectorals reaching to within about three scales of the ventrals; origin of ventrals on the vertical from the anterior part of, or from in front of, the dorsal. Scales very regularly placed, those over the ventrals not notably greater than those below the dorsal; few radials; caudal and anal naked; about sixteen scales between dorsal and occipital process. Brassy, with golden (?) lines following the scales. Adults with an obscure caudal spot; young with a conspicuous, long, rhomboidal, black spot on the caudal peduncle. 136. Curimatus mivarti Steindachner. - “Sardina, Biscayano.” Curimatus minartii STEINDACHNER, Denkschr, Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 48, plate XIII, fig. 1 (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 67 (Cauca near Caceres); EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, 1889, p. 18. Habitat: Lower Magdalena Basin. 108 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5116, C. M.; 12869, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 4 205 to about 300 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5117 a-j, C. M.; 12870, I. U. M. . . . . . 33 34–311 Calamar ( & 5118 a-b, C. M.; 12871, I. U. M. . . . . . 3 160–275 Calamar Cienega { { 5119 a, C. M.; 12872, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 3 118–136 - Peñas Blancas { { 13045, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — Largest about 310 Cienega de Puerto Gonzales - Berrio 5120, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 300 - Honda Eigenmann 12896, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 240 Girardot & 4 Head 3.66–4; depth 3–3.25; D. 11; A. 11 or more rarely 12; scales 16–70 to 78–14; eye 3.5–4 in the head, 1.33 in young to nearly 2 in the interorbital in the adult; isthmus under anterior margin of opercle; depth of caudal peduncle 1.5 in its length, which is equal to the length of the head without the snout. Origin of dorsal about equidistant from tip of snout and tip of adipose; dorsal falcate; the highest rays about equal to the length of the head, extending far beyond the antepenultimate ray; caudal lobes longer than head; base of anal equal to snout and eye, or a little less, the highest ray not extending to the tip of the last, equal to, or a little longer than, the base of the fin; pectorals about equal to head less opercle and reaching the base of the ventrals; ventrals about equal to length of head less half the opercle; the origin of ventrals on, or in advance of, the vertical from the first dorsal ray. Scales small, with few radials, not notably larger on the lower part of the sides; caudal and anal naked; predorsal line naked for over half of its length from the dorsal forward. Postventral area keeled. Adult uniform silvery; middle caudal rays dusky. Some specimens preserved in formalin have faint rows of spots along the scales. This is the largest member of the genus Curimatus found in Transandean Colombia. - Subfamily PARODONTINAE. PARODON Cuvier and Valenciennes. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PARODON. a. Sides with a simple lateral band; D. 11 or 12; mandibulary teeth 2–2 or 3–3; interorbital a little longer than Snout, 2.5 in the head (3 in young); head 5 in length to end of lateral line; depth 3.75. . suborbitalis Cuvier and Valenciennes. aa. Sides with interrupted cross-bands or spots. caliensis Boulenger. 137. Parodon suborbitalis Cuvier and Valenciennes. (Plate XI X, fig. 1.) Parodon suborbitalis CUVIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 1849, p. 51, plate 637 (Maracaibo); GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 301. - EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 109 Parodon masus KNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XVII, 1859, p. 167, plate VII, fig. 17 (Cuyabá); EvKRMANN and KENDALL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 1906, p. 79. - Parodon affinis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 20, plate III, fig. 3 (La Plata Basin). Habitat: Atrato, Magdalena, Maracaibo, and La Plata Basins. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. No. of Ilength Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5110, C. M.; 12830, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . .2 121, 135 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5111, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. - 49 Honda & 4 5112, C. M.; 12831, I.U. M. . . . . . . . . . . .3 42–45 Peñas Blancas' { { 5113, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 60 Quibdo - { % 5379, C. M.; 13071, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . .2 Truando Wilson D. 12; A. 8 or 9; scales 4–35 to 37–3.5 to 4. - 138. Parodon caliensis Boulenger. (Plate XIX, fig. 2.) Parodon caliensis BOULENGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1895, p. 480 (Colombia). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. No. of - - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. Léngth in mm. Locality. - Collector. 5107 a-g, C. M.; 12863, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . .23 Largest, 89 Cauca at Cali Eigenmann 5108 a, C. M.; 12864, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 2 81— 84 Paila ( { 5109 a-d, C. M.; 12865 a-d, I. U. M. . . . . . . 8 58—125 Cartago & ( 5115, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 43 Peñas Blancas D. 12; A. 9; scales 4–39–4. APAREIODON Eigenmann. Type, Apareiodon piracicabae Eigenmann. This genus was described and monographed by me in the Annals of the Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, pp. 71–76, plates XI and XII. REY TO THE SPECIES OF APAREIODON. , a. Fins plain. b. Mouth inferior; lateral band moniliform; scales 37... . . . ecuadoriensis (Eigenmann and Henn). bb. Mouth terminal; a simple lateral band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . terminalis (Eigenmann and Henn). aa. Dorsal and caudal with cross-bands; sides with three stripes; D. 11; A. 9; scales 35 to 37. - dariensis (Meek and Hildebrand). 110 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 139. Apareiodon ecuadoriensis (Eigenmann and Henn). (Plate XIX, fig. 3.) Parodon ecuadoriensis EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 12. 5413 a-c, C. M.; 13103, I. U. M., type and paratypes, 34–51 mm., river and forest pools at Vinces, Ecuador. Henn. - 5423 a-f, C. M.; 13110, I. U. M., twenty-eight paratypes, 30–42 mm., Colimes, Rio Daule. Henn. & Habitat: Guayas Basin of Ecuador. - Head 4; depth usually 5.5, rarely 4.5. D. 12; A. 9; scales 4–37–3.5. Eye equals Snout, 3.5 in head, less than interorbital. Subcylindrical, elongate. Preventral area flattish, with a median series of about twenty scales; predorsal area rounded with a median series of eleven or twelve scales; skull smooth, no fontanels, the two frontals and the parietals interlacing; occipital crest decurrent, not superficially evident; second suborbital covering entire cheek; mouth small, distinctly inferior, as in other members of the genus; four broad, graduated, straight-edged or rounded-edged teeth in each premaxillary, each tooth with eleven to sixteen notches; mandible without apparent teeth; maxillary with a single small dentate tooth. Gill-rakers short, slender, about fifteen in the lower arch. - Origin of dorsal in advance of the middle of the body, usually equidistant from tip of snout and end of adipose, its height about 4.5 in the length; adipose well developed; caudal lobes 4 in the length, anal 6 in the length; ventrals under posterior part of dorsal, not nearly reaching anal, pectorals not reaching ventrals by about four scales. . Lateral line straight, scales everywhere regularly arranged; scales of sides with as many as five more or less divergent radials. Axillary scale well developed; caudal and anal naked. A moniliform band from the eye along the lateral line and on, but usually not to the end of, the middle caudal rays; area below the band white; a light stripe above the band; back dark with the margins of the dark area and eight streaks from margin to margin darker; base of caudal with a dark spot or streak on each lobe. - 140. Apareiodon terminalis (Eigenmann and Henn). (Plate XIX, fig. 4.) Parodon terminalis EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 12. 5415 a-b, C. M.; 13104, I. U. M., type and ten paratypes, 32–50 mm., river (?), and forest pools at Vinces, Ecuador. Henn. i - Habitat: Forest-pools and river (?) at Vinces, Ecuador. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 111 Very similar to A. ecuadoriensis. Head 3.7; depth usually 4.5, rarely 5; mouth terminal or subterminal, which is very different from the distinctly inferior mouth with projecting snout of other species of this genus. Lateral band continuous, sometimes not extending forward behind the edge of the preopercle, not moniliform. Back uniformly dark; spots at base of caudal lobes more diffuse than in ecuadoriensis. Coloration otherwise like ecuadoriensis. - - - - * - A. ecuadoriensis and terminalis are unquestionably very closely related. It is possible that one is the form found in rivers and the other in forest-pools. The specimens from the two localities have not been kept distinct. 141. Apareiodon dariensis (Meek and Hildebrand). Parodom dariensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 83. Apareiodon dariensis EIGENMANN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 76; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, loc. cit., 1916, p. 271, plate XVII (Rio Cupe at Cituro, Tuyra Basin). . - - Habitat: Tuyra Basin. - This strikingly marked species is known from three specimens. The teeth vary with age, so that according to Hildebrand “only the largest specimen, the type, is a typical Apareiodon.” . SACCODON Kner and Steindachner. Saccodon KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., X, 1864, p. 31. Type: Saccodon wagneri Kner and Steindachner. - - Catostomoid fishes with a small head and very large pectoral fins placed low. No fontanel, the skull evenly arched; snout with numerous warts on its lower surface; mouth inferior, crescentiform; three teeth on each premaxillary; no maxillary or mandibular teeth; each tooth with a ---shaped cutting edge, each successive tooth considerably behind the one in front of it. Lower lip five-lobed; - gill-membranes united, free from the very broad isthmus; nares close together; maxillary concealed under the cavernous preorbital ; suborbitals cover the entire cheek; dorsal largely in front of the ventrals; anal short, emarginate, lateral line complete, scales cycloid; scales above and below the lateral line of almost the same size. Pectorals very large, the tips of the outer rays abruptly thickened, the middle ray longest; the outer half of the fin gently rounded, the inner half truncate, with a rounded corner; ventrals similar, but smaller; dorsal emarginate. 112 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SACCODON. a. D. 11; A. 11; Scales 4-40–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wagneri Kner and Steindachner. aa. D. 12; A. 9; scales 4–37–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * craniocephalum Thominot. 142. Saccodon wagneri Kner and Steindachner. (Plate XIX, figs. 7 and 7a.) Saccodon wagner; KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., X, 1864, p. 31, plate TV, fig. 2 (Ecuador); GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 301. Habitat: Western slope of Ecuador. I have examined the types in the Vienna Museum, which are the only known Specimens. * 143. Saccodon craniocephalum Thominot. Saccodon craniocephalum THOMINOT, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VI, 1882, p. 248 (Rio Guayaquil). Habitat: Western slope of Ecuador. It is very probable that this is a synonym of S. wagneri. • The types of Saccodon craniocephalum from the Rio Guayaquil are in Paris. I was able to examine them, but they are to a large extent shriveled and mutilated; the lower jaw has been pierced to suspend the fish in the bottles and this has in part destroyed its structure. The specimens are 87, 90, and 140 mm. long respec- tively. D. 12; A. 9; lateral line in largest, 37. Subfamily PROCHILODINAE. PROCHILODUS Agassiz. ?Ichthyoelephas POSADA, Estudios Cientificos, 1909, p. 300, figs. The species of Prochilodus are generally distributed on the Atlantic slope from the La Plata to the Orinoco to Santa Ana on the Urubamba, and to the Perené. The distribution of the species of this genus in the area under consideration is peculiar. There are three species in the Magdalena Basin, of which one, Prochi- lodus magdalenae, is abundant everywhere from sea-level to over 3000 feet elevation. The other two are rare, or the area of their distribution is restricted. P. magdalenae is abundant also in the Atrato Basin at least as far as Quibdo. The genus has no representative in the San Juan, the Dagua, and the Patia, but is again found in the streams which empty into the Bay of Guayaquil. In these streams P. humeralis is found abundantly, while P. Stigmaturus has been taken only by Rhoads. REY TO THE SPECIES OF PROCHILODUs. a. Snout equal to half the length of the head; ventrals behind the vertical from the middle of the dorsal; mouth inferior, teeth long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . longirostris Steindachner. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 113 aa. Snout much less than half the length of the head. b. Anal margin concave, the highest anterior rays extending beyond the tips of the last. c. A. 10 or 11. d. Lateral line 36 or 37; A. 10 or 11; depth 3.33–3.4; postventral area not keeled. Posterior part of dorsal with small dots; sides with light streaks along the rows of Scales; sides in young with twelve or more cross-bands; a small dark spot on the fifth and sometimes on the sixth and seventh scales of the lateral line. humeralis Günther. da. Lateral line 40–46; D. 10, rarely 11; depth 2.75–3.5; dark iridescent above. Sides with obscure cross-bars in the young; light streaks along the rows of scales with dark stripes between the rows of scales, the latter color very variable in intensity. Adult dark above, lighter below. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenae Steindachner. cc. A. 13; caudal plain; postventral area trenchant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . steindachneri Eigenmann. bb. Anal margin subtruncate, rounded in front; D. 12; A. 10; scales 9–41–6; a black spot on caudal peduncle, continued to the end of the middle caudal rays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . stigmaturus Fowler. 144. Prochilodus longirostris Steindachner. Prochilodus longirostris STEINDACHNER, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXX, 1879, p. 186 (Cauca); Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 69, plate VII, fig. 1 (Cauca near Caceres). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. - This species probably represents a distinct genus. It is known from the two specimens recorded by Steindachner respectively 310 and 460 mm. long. Head 3.75–4; depth 3.33; D. 11 or 12; A. 11; scales 6.5–38 or 39–5; eye 6–6.66; interorbital about 2 in the head; equals length of snout. Snout conic, very long; mouth inferior, with longer teeth than in other species of Prochilodus. Scales with cilia, not ctenoid. . Dorsal with short, oblique, longitudinal stripes; caudal without spots. Upper half of body with light-colored longitudinal stripes following the series of scales. 145. Prochilodus humeralis Günther. (Plate XX, fig. 1.) Local names, “Guavina” and “Boca Chica.” Prochilodus humeralis GüNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 419 (Western Andes of Ecuador); Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 294; Boul ENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 5 (Rio Peripa). 5424 a-b, C. M.; 13111, I. U. M., nine, 180–207 mm., Vinces. Henn. 5425 a-j, C. M.; 13112, I. U. M., fifty-two, 96–200 mm., Colimes, Rio Daule. Henn. - - - - sº 5707 a-f, C. M.; 13577, I. U. M., twenty-three, largest 280 mm., Rio Barranca Alta. Henn. • Habitat: Western Ecuador, streams draining into the Bay of Guayaquil. - 114 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Head 3.5–4; depth 2.8–3.2; D. 12; A. 10; scales 6–36 or 37–5; eye 4–5, interorbital 2 in the head, snout conic, its depth at the nares greater than its length, a little greater than its width at the same place; bony opercle more than twice as high as long; naked portion of the cheek much wider than the covered part. Postventral area rounded. Upper lip thick, equaling two-thirds of the diameter of the eye; head compressed; eye a little above the middle. Dorsal rounded, its highest ray equal to head less opercle, or shorter; second, third, and part of fourth anal rays forming a lobe, which extends to the caudal in the adult, the margin of the remaining rays forming a straight vertical line when the fin is expanded. Pec- torals about equal to head less opercle; not reaching base of ventrals by two or three scales. Scales smooth. Dorsal with a few small faint spots on its posterior half. Fifth scale and frequently the sixth and rarely also the seventh scales of the lateral line black; sides of the adult with light bands along the rows of scales; sides in young with numerous alternating light and dark cross-bars, most definite in front. - 146. Prochilodus magdalene Steindachner. (Plate XIX, figs. 5 and 6.) - “Boca Chica.” Prochilodus asper STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1879, p. 51 (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 67 (Cauca near Caceres); ibid., LXXII, 1902, p. 141 (Santander). * * Prochilodus asper magdalenae STEINDACHNER, ibid., XXXIX, 1879, p. 78, plate XII, fig. 1. . - Prochilodus beani EIGENMANN and OGLE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIII, 1907, p. 5, fig. 2. - & - Habitat: Atrato and Magdalena Basins. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. - * No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. . Locality. Collector. 5136, C. M.; 12886, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . Largest 390 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5135, C. M.; 12885, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . Many Calamar & 5138 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 60 Calamar Cienega { % 5014 a-e, C. M.; 12811, I. U. M. . . . . . 21 Largest 345 Peñas Blancas & & 5137 a, C. M.; 12887, I. U. M. . . . . . . 2 - Puerto Berrio - Gonzales 5139 a-b, C. M.; 12888, I.U.M. . . . . . . 3 Puerto Berrio & 4 13046, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Cienega of Puerto Berrio { { 5142, C. M.; 12891, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 2 - 305 Honda Eigenmann 5140 a-b, C. M.; 12889, I. U. M. . . . . 4 Girardot - & 4 13043, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Largest 325 Apulo Gonzales 5141 a-b, C. M.; 12890, I. U. M. . . . . 4 Largest 270 Piedra Moler Eigenmann 5143 a-e, C. M.; 12892, I. U. M. . . . . 9 160–255 Paila - & 4 5012 a-c, C. M.; 13044 and 12809, - I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Largest 320 Quibdo - & 4 5013 a-c, C. M.; 12810, I. U. M. . . . . 19 Rio Sucio - & & 5708 a-j, C. M.; 13578, I. U. M. . . . . . Many Largest 315 Truando . Wilson EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 115 Distributed in the Magdalena Basin from the coast inland and up the Cauca at least as far as Cali. Occurs also in the Atrato, but not in the San Juan. Prochilodus magdalenae, the “boca chica,” is a fish of considerable economic importance. It is caught in numbers, dried, and transported to Cartagena and to the San Juan. In riding from Istmina to Tambo, I encountered thirty women loaded with dried “bocas chicas” which were being taken from the Atrato Basin to the mines along the San Juan. - In January it was found in millions along the shores of the Magdalena River, where it was probably ascending the river and its tributaries to spawn. At night, evidently when pursued by the Caiman and the Bagre tigre, it frequently leaped out of the water over the shallow sand-bars. - Head 3.66–4; depth 2.75–3.5 (rarely 3.75); D. 11 or 12; A. 10 or 11; scales 8 or 9–42 to 44 (rarely 45 or 46)–7 or 8; eye 3.5–5; interorbital 1.875–2.125; snout depressed, its depth at the nares less than its width at the same point; bony opercle striate, its margin very convex, its height less than twice its width; naked portion of cheek usually narrower than the suborbital. . Postventral area with a median keel; upper lip comparatively thin, .4–.5 of the diameter of the eye; head rather depressed, the eye looking a little downward, its center midway between the mid-dorsal and mid-ventral lines. Dorsal subtruncate or pointed, its highest rays only slightly shorter than the head; anal margin concave, the highest rays not reaching the caudal; pectorals reaching the ventrals, shorter than the highest dorsal rays. Scales very rough. Nearly the entire dorsal with conspicuous un- dulating bands, or series of spots; other fins plain, except that the middle caudal rays of specimens from the Atrato and the upper Cauca are dusky. Sides variously marked with silvery bands along the middle of the scales and dark lines between them. The dark color is especially well marked in specimens from Paila. Opercle sometimes dark, or with a dark spot. In the adult in life the caudal, anal, ventrals, and pectorals are edged with red; breast reddish. Young with alternating light and dusky cross-bars. The fins in specimens from the upper Cauca valley are shorter than in those from the lowlands, and the pectorals do not reach the ventrals. The lateral bands are more evident and the middle caudal rays are dusky. - 147. Prochilodus steindachneri nom. nov. Prochilodus rubrotoniatus (non Schomburgk) STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 68 (Cauca near Caceres). - No specimens of this species were secured. It seems that the specimen 270 116 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ~. mm. long, recorded by Steindachner, is distinct from P. rubrotaeniatus, although it may be merely a variety of P. magdalenae. - Head 3.8; depth nearly 3; D. 11; A. 13; scales 8–44–7; eye 4; interorbital 2 in the length of the head. Origin of dorsal in advance of the vertical from the ventrals; light streaks along the rows of scales. Caudal unspotted. P. rubrotaniatus from the Essequibo has but ten, or rarely eleven, anal rays; the middle caudal rays are barred. 148. Prochilodus stigmaturus Fowler. Prochilodus stigmaturus FowlFR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1911, p. 494, fig. 1 (Affluent of the Chimbo River near Bucay, Province of Guayas, Ecuador). This species is known only from the type, a specimen 5.5 inches long in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. * Head 3.6; depth 3.75; D. 12; A. 10; scales 9–41–6; eye 4.33 in the head; interorbital 2.5. Anal subtruncate. A large blackish blotch on caudal peduncle, continued to the tip of the middle rays. - Subfamily ANOSTOMATINAE. LEPORINODUs" gen, nov. Type, Leporinodus retropinnis Eigenmann.” Resembling Leporinus. Gill-membranes united with the isthmus; nareal openings separated by a flap only; four teeth in each side of both upper and 11 Aétropis,ó = @, hare; ôôows,ó = a tooth. * Leporinodus retropinnis sp. nov. 3875 C. M., type, 230 mm., Piracicaba. Sept. 9, 1908. Haseman. Head 3.5; depth 3.75; D. 12; A. 10; scales 6–42 (to 45)–4; eye 3 in snout, 7 in head, 2.75 in inter- orbital; depth of the head at the occipital equal to its length without the opercle; width of head at the opercles equal to half its length; interorbital very convex, profile rounded, sharply decurved in front; lips very broad, both of them broadly reflexed in the middle; gill-membrane united to the isthmus, the branchiostegals broad, the lower three subparallel; mouth small, the maxillary not reaching to below the nares, which are much nearer the eye than the snout. Origin of dorsal about equidistant from Snout and caudal, its margin slightly concave, the highest rays reaching tip of last ray when depressed; adipose well developed; caudal deeply forked; anal slightly falcate, the highest rays reaching beyond the tip of of the last; origin of ventrals under second or third dorsal ray, not nearly reaching anal; pectoral broad (eighteen rays), about equal to snout and eye in length. Scales regularly imbricate, without interpolated rows; anal without a basal sheath; the scales of the sides continued without line of demarcation into the basal .4 of the caudal lobes; lateral line nearly straight. Head spotted above and on the sides; predorsal scales with a dark spot at the base; a dark lateral band continued to the end of the caudal; light bands above and below it, two darker lines along the two EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 117 lower jaws,” rapidly graduated from the broad mesial ones to the small lateral ones, the tips broad and in contact, forming a continuous cutting edge; cheeks deep, the suborbitals feeble, covering less than half the cheeks; basal parts of caudal lobes scaled; lips reflexed, with a free margin. 149. Leporinodus sexdentatus nom. nov. Leporinus vittatus (non Cuvier and Valenciennes) STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 71 (Cauca near Caceres). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. I did not secure any specimens of this species. Steindachner had a specimen 200 mm. long, distinguished from vittatus by three, instead of four, teeth on each side of the jaw; by a black band on the anal as well as on the dorsal; and by the position of the origin of the dorsal, which is more than the length of the snout nearer to the tip of the snout than to the base of the middle caudal rays. ABRAMITES Fowler. 150. Abramites eques (Steindachner). Leporinus eques STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 56, plate X, figs. 2 and 20 (Rio Magdalena); ? BOULENGER, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, XIV, 1896 (Descalvados and San Luis). • . Habitat: Rio Magdalena and (?) Rio Paraguay. I did not secure any specimens of this species. Boulenger records it from the Paraguay Basin. This record may well be questioned, however, until specimens from the Magdalena and the Paraguay can be compared. - Snout conical, the profile of the nape ascending rapidly. Head 4.25; depth 3; D. 13; A. 15 or 16; scales 7–41 or 42–5; eye 3.25–3.75; interorbital 2.33–2.16 in the head. - - - rows of scales below the lateral band; dorsal with a dark spot extending obliquely from about the middle of the anterior rays to the tip of the seventh, another along the middle of the last five rays; three oblique bands across the caudal lobes. A third species of this genus is Leporinodus vittatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes), of which Leporinus pictus Kner is a synonym. LEPORELLUS Lütken. Leporellus timbore Eigenmann, nom. Spec. nov. Lütken erroneously identified a species from the Rio das Velhas as the Leporinus pictus of Kner. He however recognized the fact that his species belonged to a genus differing from Leporinus, which he named Leporellus. Thus Leporellus pictus (non Leporinus pictus Kner) Lütken from the Rio das Velhas is a homonym and being not admissible, Lütken's species may receive the substitute name Leporellus timbore. - *Three in lower jaw of Steindachner's specimens from the R. Magdalena. 118 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Sides with dark cross-bands, the first through the dorsal and ventral, and the second over the origin of the anal. LEPORINUS Agassiz. The distribution of the genus Leporinus within the area covered by this paper is very similar to that of Prochilodus with one reservation. It is found in the Magdalena from the coast at least to Honda and in the Atrato from the coast to Raspadura. It is also found in the streams emptying.into the Bay of Guayaquil, but has not been taken in the Patia, the Dagua, or the San Juan, with one excep- tion. Leporinus striatus is abundant in the upper Atrato at least as far as Raspa- dura and rarely this species occurs also in the San Juan. This genus is widely distributed on the Atlantic slope. REY TO THE SPECIES OF LEPORINUs. aa. Profile of head and nape continuous, without a distinct hump. b. Sides with light and dark longitudinal bands; D. 12; A. 10; head 4.25–4.6; depth 3.2–3.8; scales 5–36 or 37–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . striatus Kner. bb. Sides with three dark spots. Frequently transverse markings in the young. c. Origin of dorsal equidistant from snout and a point about midway between adipose and caudal; distance between dorsal and adipose less than the length of the head; origin of ventrals equidistant from tip of snout and tip of anal. D, 12; A. 10; head 3.66–42; depth 3.25–3.75; scales 5–40 or 41–4; anal not reaching caudal; lateral spots of nearly equal prominence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ecuadoriensis Eigenmann and Henn. cc. Origin of dorsal equidistant from snout and some part of the adipose, except in the young; distance between dorsal and adipose greater than head in adult, less than the head in the half-grown. D. 12; A. 10; head 4–4.66; depth 3.33–4.5; scales 5–40 to 43–5. Spot on caudal peduncle more prominent, except in the young. . . . . . muyscorum Steindachner. 151. Leporinus striatus Kner. Leporinus striatus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 55, plate X, fig. 1–1a (Rio Magdalena); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32 (Rio Condoto). - - - Habitat: Irisanga, Caigara, and Descalvados in Matto Grosso; Paraguay; Canelos, Eastern Ecuador; Magdalena and Atrato Basins. - - - SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5710 a-e, C. M.; 13049, I. U. M. . . . .30 Largest 83 Truando, Atrato Basin Wilson 5079 a-j, C. M.; 12834, I. U. M. . . . . . 80 Largest 170 Quibdo, Atrato Basin Eigenmann 5080 a, C. M.; 12835, I. U. M. . . . . . . 2 Boca de Certegui, Atrato - Basin ( & 13053, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 165 Managru, Atrato Basin Wilson 5111 a-d, C. M.; 13054, I. U. M. . . . . . 8 Largest 175 Raspadura, Atrato Basin & & 5169 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 240 Puerto Negria, Rio San Juan Eigenmann EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 119 Head 4.25–4.6; depth 3.2–3.8; D. 12; A. 10; scales 5–36 or 37–4; eye 4–5; interorbital 2–2.33 in the head. Origin of dorsal nearer snout than adipose; dorsal rounded, its height less than the length of the head; upper caudal lobe longer; pectoral equals head less opercle, or a little shorter. - - Sides black; region below level of pectorals silvery; a bright silvery band from below eye to lower caudal lobe, a duller one from snout to upper caudal lobe, another from upper part of head to the middle one at a point on a vertical from the origin of the anal. Color-pattern most intense in the young, becoming obscure with age. 152. Leporinus ecuadoricºsis Eigenmann and Henn. (Plate XX, fig. 6.) “Raton.” - - - Leporinus frederici (non Salmo friderici Bloch) GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1859, p. 418 (Andes of Western Ecuador); BoulENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, 1898, No. 329, p. 4 (Rio Vinces). - Leporinus ecuadoriensis EIGENMANN and HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 88. & - 13116 a, I. U. M., type, 325 mm.; 5428 a-b, C. M.; 13116, I. U. M., six paratypes, largest 187 mm., Rio Barranca Alta near Naranjito. 5426 a-i, C. M.; 13113, I. U. M., nineteen, 128–264 mm., Vinces. 5427 a-b, C. M.; 13114, I. U. M., several, 210–240 mm., Guayaquil. 13115, I. U. M., several, Colimes. - - Habitat: Guayas Basin of Ecuador. - The complete description of this species appears with the original description cited above. • - - - This species differs from typical specimens of L. friderici from British Guiana, chiefly (1) in having the dorsal set farther back, i.e., equidistant from snout and a point midway between the adipose and caudal; (2) in having the anal set somewhat farther forward and very seldom reaching the caudal; and (3) in the presence of three persistent lateral spots. L. muyscorum has the dorsal as in L. friderici, but the sharp caudal and the anal placed as in this species. L. muyscorum and the present form should probably be regarded as subspecies of L. friderici. 153. Leporinus muyscorum Steindachner. (Plate XX, fig. 5.) “Quatroio,” “Monelolo.” Leporinus elongatus (non Cuvier and Valenciennes) STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1879, p. 53, plate X, figs. 3–5 (Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 70 (Cauca near Caceres). 120 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Leporinus muyscorum STEINDACHNER, ibid., XLII, 1902, p. 142, plate II, fig. 2 (Rio Lebrija, Colombia). - . Habitat: Lower Magdalena and Atrato Basins. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length ~; - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5709 a-c, C. M.; 13579, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 11 140–212 Truando, Atrato Basin Wilson 6696 a-b, C. M.; 13582, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 4 139–190 Quibdo, Atrato Basin { { 5011 a-c, C. M.; 12813 a-b, I. U. M. . . . . 5 Largest 410 Quibdo, Atrato Basin Eigenmann 5020 a-b, C. M.; 12814 a-b, I. U. M. . . . . 9 Largest 430 Soplaviento, Magdalena { { 5145 a-b, C. M.; 12893, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 5 Soplaviento, Magdalena ( & 5172 a, C. M.; 12988, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 3 40–53 Soplaviento, Magdalena { { 5151 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Calamar Cienega, Magdalena ( & 5170 a, C. M.; 12916, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 2 145 & 175 Calamar Cienega, - Magdalena { { 5171 a, C. M.; 12917, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 3 41, 170, 220 Calamar Cienega, Magdalena ( { 12927, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cienega at Puerto Berrio, - - Magdalena Basin Gonzales 5144 a, C. M.; 12901, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 2 Below Buena Vista Eigenmann 5022 a-d, C. M.; 12812, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 14 Largest 393 Honda, Magdalena R. { % Head in adult 4.2–4.66 (in those about 180 mm. long, 4–4.25); depth 3.8–4.5 (3.33–3.5); D. 12; A. 10; scales 5–40 to 43–5; eye 5–6 (4); interorbital 2 in head; depth of caudal peduncle equals postorbital part of head. Origin of dorsal equidistant from tip of snout and origin of adipose (in the adults), posterior part of adipose (in half-grown), and caudal (in very young); dorsal rounded or subtruncate, its height equals head less the portion of the snout in front of the nares; distance between the dorsals greater than the length of the head, equal, or a little less than, the head in the half-grown; anal slightly concave, the highest ray reaching tip of last, sometimes not to the tip of the last in the adult. Three black spots on middle line of sides; one below the posterior part of the dorsal, one in front of the anal, and one on the end of the caudal peduncle. These fade with age, the one on the caudal peduncle remains most prominent. Very small specimens have the three spots and about fifteen cross-bands on the upper half of the sides, shortest over the two anterior spots; fewer cross-bands on lower part of sides not directly continuous with the upper ones. These cross-bands break up and become obscured with growth, giving rise to the pattern described for the type of muyscorum. With age the surface-color replaces these juvenile markings. In life the ventrals, pectorals, anal, and caudal are pale yellow; an orange line extends below and back of the eye. The gill-membranes are yellow. EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 121 In the very young the proportions are: head 3.33–3.5; depth 3.25–3.75; origin of dorsal equidistant from snout and a point nearer caudal than adipose. Subfamily NANNOSTOMATINAE. CHARACIDIUM Reinhardt. A widely distributed genus living like and resembling the species of Etheostoma of North America. REY TO THE SPECIES OF CHARACIDIUM. a. Caudal with a sharply defined dot on the base of the middle caudal rays, the middle rays otherwise plain; a narrow band from tip of snout to, but not on, the middle caudal rays; ten or eleven chain-like cross-bars, a deeply lying crescent-shaped bar on the bases of the fully developed caudal rays; lateral line 32–35, depth 4.5–5; dorsal rounded, first fully developed anal ray ex- tending beyond the tip of the penultimate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fasciatum Reinhardt. aa. Middle caudal rays dusky, darkened at base, but without a distinct spot; a broad black longitudinal lateral band, faint or absent on the head. Female and young with fourteen transverse bars, becoming broader and fewer with growth and scarcely evident in the adult; lateral line 32 or 33; depth 3.3-3.5; dorsal rounded, longest anal ray extending very little beyond the tip of the last. * $. caucanum Eigenmann. ada. About ten dark bars across the lateral band ; dark lines along the scales of the back; lateral line 36; depth 4-4.3; dorsal truncate; longest anal ray extending considerably beyond the tip of the penultimate ray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . phoxocephalum Eigenmann. 154. Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt. This species was originally described from the Rio das Velhas in eastern Brazil. It has since been reported from Paraguay, the Essequibo and Orinoco Rivers, and from Canelos, Ecuador. For the full synonymy, etc. see Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 1912, p. 291. . - SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 4852 a-i, C. M.; 12705, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . Many --- Boca de Raspadura Eigenmann 7663, C. M.; 15318, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Largest 38 Raspadura Wilson 7664, C. M.; 15319, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Largest 38 Managru ( & 7665, C. M.; 15320, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Largest 33 Certegui ( & * 7666, C. M.; 15321, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Largest 30 Truando & 4 3847 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 About 50 Cali Eigenmann 155. Characidium caucanum Eigenmann. (Plate XIX, fig. 9.) Characidium caucanum EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 16, 1912, p. 25 (Cali; Piedra Moler; Cartago). . - 4847 a, C. M., type, 51 mm.; 4848 a-j, C. M.; 12701 a-j, I. U. M., thirty-two paratypes, Cali. Eigenmann. | | - ſº v. (As ºl. 2: ) a tº no " . . 7 aſ V 6 J M +% ($ 3 / - in ! {^ º ** t i. t ( / 2 122 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 2 | - 4849, C. M.; 12702, I. U. M., two paratypes, largest 63 mm., Piedra Moler. Eigen- mann. . . . . .” - + 4850, C. M.; 12763, I. U. M., two paratypes, largest 58 mm., Cartago. Eigenmann. Habitat: Cauca Basin. - - Head 3.75–4; depth 3.3—3.5; D. 11; A. 8 or 9; lateral line 32 or 33; eye .66–1 in snout, 3.5–4.5 in the head, 1–1.3 in interorbital. Seven scales between dorsal and ventral. Outer pectoral rays thickened; pectorals not reaching ventrals, ventrals to the anal in males. Males with a dark lateral band from snout to middle of caudal, back dark with fainter streaks; female lighter, its dark median band crossed by numerous bands, which in the region of the anal extend entirely across the body. 156. Characidium phoxocephalum Eigenmann. (Plate XIX, fig. 8.) Characidium phoacocephalum EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 16, 1912, p. 26 (Paila). - . - 4851, C. M., type, 68 mm., a female; 12704, I. U. M., paratype, 63 mm., Paila. Eigenmann. ſ 0% Habitat: Cauca Basin. . Head 4; depth 4–4.3; D. 11 or 12; A. 8; lateral line 36; seven scales between dorsal and ventral. Eye equals Snout, 4 in head, 1 in interorbital. Snout pointed, mouth subterminal, maxillary reaching to below anterior edge of eye; outer rays. of pectoral thickened, the eighth ray longest, reaching to within one scale of the ventrals; ventrals not quite reaching to anal. - A dark bar from snout to middle caudal rays, crossed by about ten bars; dark line along the upper parts of the scales of the back; base of dorsal hyaline, next a dark band, then a series of hyaline spots, tips dusky; anal similar to dorsal; margins of thickened pectoral rays dark. Similar to caucanum but slenderer, snout more pointed, and scales in lateral a º 2 * * º tº % -* \! ; \ ~ * series more numerous. - Subfamily PYRRHULININA. PYRRHULINA Cuvier and Valenciennes. Type Pyrrhulina filamentosa Cuvier and Valenciennes. Small fishes. Pre- maxillary and dentary with two or more series of conical teeth; mouth very oblique. 157. Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner. This species, widely distributed in the Amazon and the Guianas, is recorded by Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), X, 1912, p. 390, as having been collected by *: EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 123 Cutter at Bogotá and by Leighton at Honda. Bogotá is certainly not the place where Cutter secured his specimen." It probably came from the base of the Andes east of Bogotá, and may belong to Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann, which is abun- dant between Cumaral, Villavicencio, and Barrigón in the headwaters of the Meta system. I secured no specimens during my short stay at Honda. Subfamily LEBIASININAE. LEBIASINA Cuvier and Valenciennes. Walls of the anterior portion of the posterior air-bladder cellular; upper jaw with a single series of tricuspid teeth; lower jaw with two series, those of the outer tricuspid, those of the inner much finer, conical, recumbent; no canines; usually no adipose; lateral line short or obsolete. y This genus differs from Piabucina in the absence of an adipose, but a certain per cent. of specimens of Lebiasina bimaculata develop the adipose and an adipose is certainly occasionally developed in Lebiasina multimaculata. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LEBIASINA. a. Sides with a faint band; a conspicuous black spot at base of middle caudal rays; a fainter one behind head; a spot at base of dorsal; depth 3.5–4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bimaculata Cuvier and Valenciennes. aa. Sides with a series of black spots; upper caudal lobe much longer than lower; depth 4.6–5. multimaculata Boulenger. 158. Lebiasina bimaculata Cuvier and Valenciennes. (Plate XXI, fig. 2.) “Huaija, Chalquoque, Liza de Agua Dulce.” Lebiasina bimaculata CUVIER and VALENCIENNEs. Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 1846, p. 531, plate 587 (Rio Rimac near Lima); GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1859, p. 418 (Andes of Western Ecuador); ibid., 1860, p. 240 (Esmeraldas); Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 286 (Bay of Callao; Western Andes of Ecuador); STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 22 (Rio Rimac near Callao and Lima; Rio Zurumilla; Pacasmayo); EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2 Ser., II, 1889, p. 113; BoulBNGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 1 (Rio Vinces). Habitat: Western slopes of Peru and Ecuador, from sea-level to over 7000 ft. 124 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length of Catalog Numbers. Speci- Largest Locality. Date. Collector. mens. in mm. 7669, C. M.; 15167, I. U. M. . . . . . . Many 146 Puenta Piedra, Jan. 29, Eigenmann near Lima 1919 7670, C. M.; 15168, I. U. M. . . . . . . Many 118 Rio Rimac, Lima Aug. 1918 ( & 7671, C. M.; 15169, I. U. M. . . . . . . Many 144 Rio Jequetepeque, Jan. 15, & 4 ap . at Llallan 1919 & 7672, C. M.; 15170, I. U. M. . . . . . . Many 130 (to Rio Jequetepeque, Jan. 12, & 4 - base of at Cultambo 1919 caudal) 7673, C. M.; 15171, I. U. M. . . . . . . Many 145 Piura, Rio Piura Jan. 11, { { - 1919 15202, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Many 115 Chosica, Rio Oct. 10, “ Rimac 1918 15299, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 29 Matucana, Rio Aug. 1918 & & . Rimac - 6638 a-j, C. M.; 13526, I. U. M. . . . 137 120 Porto Viejo Henn 13527, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 93 Porto Viejo & 4 6639 a-j, C. M.; 13528, I. U. M. . . .374 188 Vinces - 4. 13529, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 110 Vinces ( & 6640 a-j, C. M.; 13530, I. U. M. . . . 100 135 Chone & 4 13531, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 120 Chone & 4 6643, C. M.; 13502, I. U. M. . . . . . . 70 74. Colimes, Rio & & - Daule 13533, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 65 Colimes, Rio { { . Daule 13069, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 175 Rio Chanchan, { { - Naranjito Field Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 85 Trujillo Osgood Out of a total of 715 specimens from Ecuador about 35 or 4.9 per cent. have the adipose developed and therefore might be referred to Piabucina. Specimens with a developed adipose were found at all places where a large number of specimens were collected. They do not differ in other respects from typical specimens. The adipose may be fully developed or may be a mere rudiment. One specimen in about two hundred taken in Piura, Peru, also has an adipose. Head 4.3–4.5; depth 3.5–4; D. 9/1, 10/19; A. 10/18, 11/2; scales 25/1, 26/2, 27/2, 28/11, 29/4; * 6 and one-half between dorsal and ventrals; eye 4–6; inter- orbital 2.2–2.8. Middle caudal rays naked, the lobes scaled for about half their length. . . A conspicuous small round spot at the base of the middle caudal rays, a more or less dark blotch on the bases of the dorsal rays; a dark humeral spot just behind the head; a dark band from the shoulder-spot to the caudal spot, most intense from above ventrals to above end of anal. This band fades out with age, * The denominators give the number of specimens. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 125 and in formalin specimens sometimes appears broken up into spots by the unequal effect of the formalin on the silvery markings of the scales; a bright red spot at the base of the scale on the lateral line just behind the shoulder-spot. This species has recently been found useful because it feeds on the larvae of the yellow-fever mosquito. - 159. Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger. (Plate XXI, fig. 3.) Lebiasina multimaculata BOULENGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), II, Feb. 1911, p. 212 (Condoto); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, Nov. 1913, p. 463 (Condoto). •, . Piabucina aureoguttata (non Fowler) REGAN, loc. cit. (Rio Lisa and Rio Tamama, San Juan Basin). Habitat: San Juan and Atrato Basins, respectively of the Atlantic and Pacific slopes of northwestern Colombia. | SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 6681 a-c, C. M.; 12964, I. U. M. . . . . . 20 47–100 Condoto Wilson 12965, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 84– 94 Tambo & C 5377 a-c, C. M.; 13068, I. U. M. . . . . . 11 Largest 177 Small creek near mouth Henn of Rio Calima Head 4.5–4.75; depth 4.6–5; D. 9/1, 10/8, 11/1; A.10%; scales 27/2, 28/3, 29/2, 30/2, six scales between dorsal and ventral; eye 5 in head; interorbital 2.25–2.5. A few scales on the base of the middle caudal rays, the lobes well scaled for over half their length. Three rows of red spots on each side; anal yellow, edged with black; base of caudal red, the remainder yellow; pectorals yellow; a red ring about the eye, a series of nine dark spots from the middle of the opercle to the caudal, the one at the base of the caudal most conspicuous; a dark humeral spot on second scale of the lateral line; all spots becoming fainter with age. Regan recorded P. aureoguttata from the Rio San Juan. A re-examination of the specimens shows them to be L. multimaculata with adipose fins. One of our specimens from the Rio Calima, which in all other respects is like the rest from the same place, has a well-developed adipose behind the dorsal and would, if found alone, be referred without doubt to Piabucina. PIABUCINA Cuvier and Valenciennes. Piabucina CUVIER and VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 1848, p. 161. Type: Piabucina erythrinoides Cuvier and Valenciennes. Like Lebiasina, but with an adipose. P. erythrinoides is found in Lake Maracaibo. 126 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Habitat: Lake Maracaibo to eastern Ecuador; Guiana; western Ecuador to Panama. - KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PIABUCINA. a. No spots on dorsal or caudal; no bands; D. 9; A. 11; depth 4; head 4.33; lateral line 28; eye equal to snout, 4.25 in head, 2 in interorbital; twenty-six teeth in upper jaw, thirty-two in lower. - festae Boulenger. aa. A black spot on anterior dorsal rays, or one at base of caudal, or both spots present. b. A dark lateral band; no spots along sides; head 3.5; depth 4; D. 10; A, 12; lateral line 30; a dark lateral band from humeral spot to dark area at base of caudal; a dark spot on base of dorsal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . panamensis Gill. bb. A dark lateral band along the upper parts of the sides; a series of spots more or less confluent along the middle of the sides, a narrow light streak between them. A small vertical spot at base of caudal; head 4.33; depth 4.2; D. 10; A. 11; lateral line 29... aureoguttata Fowler. bbb. No dark lateral band. A series of dark spots along middle of sides; a dark spot on base of caudal; depth 4.5–5; head 4.5; D. 10; A. 11; lateral line 29........... ... astrigata Regan. 160. Piabucina festae Boulenger. Piabucina festa BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIV, No. 346, p. 1 (Laguna della Pita, Darien); Jordan and EveRMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLVII, 1900, p. 3145; REGAN, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1901, p. 168; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 301 (Tuyra Basin). Habitat: Panama. - Head 4.33; depth 4; D. 9; A. 11; scales 28; eight scales between dorsal and ventrals; eye 4.5; interorbital 2.25. . Dark above, light below; fins uniformly gray. 161. Piabucina panamensis Gill. (Plate XXI, figs. 4 and 5) Piabucina panamensis GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, p. 336 (Rio Frijoli); JoRDAN and EvKRMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLVII, 1896, p. 333; REGAN, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1907, p. 167; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 300 (Toro Point, Agua Clara, Rio Indio, Gorgona, Empire, Culebra and Porto Bello, Atlantic side; Corozal, Araijan, Culebra, Rio Calobre, Bayano Basin; Cerro Azul, Pacific side of Panama). - Habitat: Panama on both slopes, Atrato Basin, and San Juan Basin. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 127 SPECIMENS ExAMINED. - No. Of. Length - - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5376 a-y, C. M.; 13067, I. U. M. . . . . . 306 Largest 100 Truando - Wilson 5114, C. M.; 12832, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 2 130, 149 Boca de Raspadura Eigenmann 6683 a-h, C. M.; 12861, I. U. M. . . . . . 11 43–165 Raspadura Wilson. 13070, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * 1 - - Calima, small creek near Henn - - Boca del Guineo 12962, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — --- Istmina Wilson 12963, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — ** Tambo One of the specimens from Truando has no trace of an adipose, in four others it varies in its development from the merest rudiment to about one fifth of its normal size. It is possible that in some of the latter the fin has been mutilated or is regenerating. : Head 4–4.8; depth 3.25–3.75; D. 10; A. 10/4, 11/2; lateral line 28/5, 29/2; * eye 3–4.2; interorbital 2.5–2.75 in the length of the head. 162. Piabucina aureoguttata Fowler. Piabucina aureoguttatus FowlER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1911, p. 513, fig. 6 (Tributary of the Rio Chimbo, near Bucay, Province Guayas, Ecuador). Habitat: Western Ecuador. - & Head 4.33; depth 4.2; D. 10; A. 11; scales 27; seven scales between the dorsal and ventral; eye 6 in head; interorbital 2.6. - - A dark band from upper angle of gill-opening to adipose; a series of spots along middle of sides, a narrow light band between them. A narrow vertical spot at base of caudal. The spots along the middle of the sides are a little wider than in the figure, the light line a little narrower. - 163. Piabucina astrigata Regan. (Plate XXI, fig. 6.) Piabucina astrigata REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XII, 1903, p. 622 (St. Javier, elev. 60 ft., Paramba, 3,500 ft., and the Rio Sapayo, N. W. Ecuador). 6682 a-d, C. M.; 13534, I. U. M., forty-two, largest 120 mm., Mindo, Ecuador (4,108 ft.). Henn. * Habitat: Ecuador, in the Mira, Santiago, and Esmeraldas Basins from near sea-level to over 4,000 feet elevation. Subfamily CHEIRODONTINAE. This subfamily has recently been monographed by me in the Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1915, pp. 1–100, plates I-XVII, where figures and descriptions of the species will be found. * The denominators indicate the number of specimens. 128 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. GRUNDULUs Valenciennes. 164. Grundulus bogotensis Humboldt. ( { Guapuche. 5 y Grundulus bogotensis EIGENMANN, Mem. Carnegie Mus, VII, 1915, p. 17, plate II, fig. 1, text-fig. 3 (Plains of Bogotá; Rio Chiquinquiseto, Boyaca; Quebrada Suaita, Santander). This is one of the three species of fishes found on the plains of Bogotá, where it occurs in enormous numbers. . PHANAGONIATES Eigenmann and Wilson. 165. Phanagoniates macrolepis (Meek and Hildebrand). Roeboides macrolepis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 84 (Rio Cupe). Phanagoniates macrolepis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, ibid., 1916, p. 272 (Tuyra Basin). - Phenagoniates wilsoni EIGENMANN, Indiana Univ. Studies No. 19, 1914 (Managru). Phanagoniates wilsoni EIGENMANN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1915, 43 (Mana- gru; Certegui; Truando). Habitat: Atrato and Tuyra Basins. COMPSURA Eigenmann. 166. Compsura gorgonae (Evermann and Goldsborough). Cheirodon gorgomas EVERMANN and GOLDSBOROUGH, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, |XXII, 1909, p. 99, figs. 1 and 3 (Gorgona, Atlantic slope of Panama). Cheirodom insignis EIGENMANN (in part), Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1916, p. 69. Compsura gorgonae MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 274, text-fig. 2 (both slopes of Panama). - Habitat: Both slopes of Panama. Upon a cursory examination of the typical specimens, I had identified this species with Cheirodon insignis. Mr. Hildebrand after a careful examination found it to belong to the genus Compsura, showing that all superficial examination of these minute fishes is without value. - PSEUDOCHEIRODON Meek and Hildebrand. Pseudocheirodon Meek and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 275. • Type, Pseudocheirodon affinis Meek and Hildebrand. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 129 Scales on caudal of the male like those in the female; lateral line incomplete; interhaemal spines of the male not protruding; adipose fin well developed; teeth in part at least with five or more points. This genus is evidently very closely related to, if not synonymous with, Mia!obrycon. - 167. Pseudocheirodon affinis Meek and Hildebrand. Cheirodon insignis (non Steindachner) EvKRMANN and GoLDSBOROUGH, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XXII, 1909, p. 98, fig. 2 (Tabernilla, Atlantic slope of Panama). - - - Cheirodon insignis EIGENMANN (in part), Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1916, p. 69. Pseudocheirodon affinis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 275 (both slopes of the Canal Zone). Habitat: Both slopes of Panama. CHEIRODON Girard. 168. Cheirodon insignis Steindachner. Cheirodon insignis EIGENMANN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1915, p. 69, plate XVII, fig. 29 (Truando; Fundación). Habitat: Atrato and Magdalena Basins. ODONTOSTILBE Cope. 169. Odontostilbe hastata Eigenmann. Odontostilbe hastata EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 18, 1913, p. 27 (Soplaviento; Bernal Creek); Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1916, p. 91 plate YVI, fig. 7 (Soplaviento; Certegui; Quibdo; Truando). Habitat: Magdalena and Atrato Basins. Subfamily BRYOONINA. BRYOON Müller and Troschel. Distributed from Guatemala to Buenos Aires and on both slopes of Colombia and Ecuador. Mr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, looking over my material in connection with his study of Panama specimens, has kindly prepared the following brief key: REY TO THE SPECIES OF BRYCON. . a. Anal fin long, with more than thirty rays (alburnus rarely with only thirty). b. Premaxillary teeth laterally in two series. c. Scales small, sixty-three to eighty in lateral series. d. Upper jaw strongly projecting; base of anal notably longer than head. 130 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. e. Teeth in lower jaw very large and strong, eight in outer series...striatulus (181). ee. Teeth in lower jaw notably smaller, fourteen in outer series. . . . . chagrensis (182). dd. Jaws subequal, or the upper only slightly in advance of lower; base of anal shorter - than head. - - . . f. Scales sixty-three to sixty-eight; jaws subequal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alburnus (170). ff. Scales fifty-six to fifty-nine; lower jaw a little shorter than the upper. . atricaudatus (171). cc. Scales larger, fifty-three or fifty-four in lateral series. . . . . . guatemalensis (eactralimital). bb. Premaxillary teeth laterally in three series. g. Scales small, sixty-six in a lateral series; D. 31; caudal spot indefinite, reaching end of caudal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rubricauda (174). gg. Scales Small, sixty-seven to seventy in lateral series; A. 33–35; shoulder–girdle with distinct black border. No caudal spot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . meeki (172). ggg. Scales larger, forty-eight to fifty-four in lateral series; shoulder–girdle without black border. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * dentex (173). aa. Anal fin shorter, with fewer than thirty-one rays. h. Scales large, fifty-one or fewer in lateral series. - i. Base of anal notably shorter than head, with twenty-one to twenty-four rays; opercle with dark spot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . henni (157). ii. Base of anal about equal to length of head, with twenty-four to twenty-eight rays; no opercular spot. - - - j. Upper jaw only slightly in advance of the lower; the second series of premaxillary teeth covered by lower lip; last series of premaxillary teeth close in front of outer mandibular teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . argenteus (176). jj. Upper jaw more strongly projecting; second series of premaxillary teeth somewhat in advance of mandibular teeth, leaving a space between when mouth is closed. - - - - - oligolepis (177). hh. Scales smaller, fifty-three or more in lateral series. k. Outer series of premaxillary teeth about twenty-four in number. . . . . . . . . . . . moorei (179). kk. Outer series of premaxillary teeth about fourteen in number. l. Body slender, the depth 3.15 to 3.9 in length; caudal spot not much longer than deep, and not extended to end of middle caudal rays; no shoulder-spot, except in very young petrosus (178). ll. Body deeper, the depth about three in length; caudal spot very large, much longer than deep, extended to tips of middle caudal rays; a large obscure shoulder-spot present. ecuadoriensis (180). 170. Brycon alburnus (Günther). (Plate XXIII, fig. 2.) “Dama.” Chalceus alburnus GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1859, p. 419 (Western Andes of Ecuador). - - Chalcinopsis alburnus GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., V, 1864, p. 338. Brycon alburnus EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 55; BoulBNGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 4 (Rio Peripa; Rio Vinces). EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 131 6618 a-j, C. M.; 13464, I. U. M., many, largest 184 mm., Colimes, Rio Daule. Henn. - 6619 a-b, C. M.; 13465, I. U. M., seven, largest 326 mm., Vinces. Henn. 6621 a-g, C. M. ; 13466, I. U. M., many, largest 214 mm., Rio Barranca. Alta near Naranjito. Henn. - - - - Habitat: Western Ecuador, in streams draining into the Bay of Guayaquil. Jaws subequal; snout very sharply pointed; mandible with about ten teeth, the third mandibular tooth much larger than the first two; fang-like, separated from the fourth by an interspace; the teeth of the two rami arranged in a narrow Crescent; premaxillary teeth in three series; seven small teeth in the outer series, about eight teeth in the inner series, which is bent forward opposite the fang of the lower jaw, the teeth being smaller at this point; two or three teeth between the Outer and inner series; no marked difference in size between the last premaxil- lary and first maxillary teeth; head 3.5–3–6; depth equal to head; base of anal a little shorter than the head; D. 11; A. 30/1, .32/4, 33/2, 34/2; scales 11 or 12 — 63/3, 64/1, 66/1, 67/2, 68/2* – 4.5 or 5, about thirty predorsal scales; eye 4.5–5; interorbital 3–3.75; gill-rakers fourteen; origin of dorsal equidistant from end of lateral line and anterior margin or middle of eye. Humeral girdle margined with dark in the adult; an obscure humeral spot; a large conspicuous oval spot on the middle of the caudal peduncle, fading out forward and narrowly extending on the bases only of the middle caudal rays; Sometimes faint zig-zag lines between rows of scales and sometimes vertical lines; all the fins frequently dark; caudal narrowly margined with dark. 171. Brycon atricaudatus (Kner). (Plate XXIII, fig. 3.) - “Sabalo.” - - Chalceus atricaudatus KNER, Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, 1863, p. 227; KNER and STEINDACHNER, Neue Fische aus Cent. Am., Abhand. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, X, 1864, p. 44, plate IV, fig. 3 (Western Ecuador). Brycon atricaudatus GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 336; BOULENGER (part), Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 3 (Pa- ramba, Rio Mira; Rio Peripa; (2) Rio Zamora); PELLEGRIN, Mission Geod. de l’Equateur, 1912, IX, p. B, 5; STARKs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, 1906, p. 777 (Payta and Eten, Peru). - Brycon scapularis FowlFR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Sept. 1911, p. 502, fig. 3 (Chimbo River near Bucay, Province Guayas, Ecuador). & - * The denominators give the number of specimens. 132 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Date. Collector. 6622 a, C. M.; 13463, I. U. M. . . .3 167—273 Rio Barranca Henn . Alta, Naranjito, Ecuador * 9328, Stanford U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 103–132 Paita, Peru P. O. Simons 7685 a-c, C. M.; 15158, I. U. M. . . Many 40–142 Sullana, near Jan. 1919 Eigenmann Paita 7686 a-c, C. M.; 15160, I. U. M. . . Many Largest 137 Piura, Rio Piura Jan. 1919 ( & 15159, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Largest 155 Cultambo, near Jan. 12, { { Pacasmayo 1919 7687 a-c, C. M.; 15161, I. U. M. . . Many Largest 237 Llallan, near Jan. 15, { { - Pacasmayo 1919 Habitat: Western slopes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. Snout moderately pointed; lower jaw a little the shorter; mandible with ten or eleven similar teeth; first, second, and third, or second, third, and fourth teeth of the mandible of nearly uniform size, closely set, graduated from the last of these backward; teeth of the two sides in a wide crescent; premaxillary teeth in three series; seven or eight closely set teeth in the outer row, four to six teeth in the inner series, two or three between these; a distinct break between the series of premaxillary and maxillary teeth, the latter smaller. Head 3.6–3.8; depth equal to head; base of anal shorter than head by the prenasal portion of the snout or less; D. 11; A. 31; scales 8 or 9–56 to 59–4; eye 3.75–5; interorbital 3–3.3; gill- rakers 14. Origin of dorsal equidistant from end of lateral line and snout or nares; pectorals reaching ventrals in young. . A large oval black spot on the middle of the caudal peduncle, fading out forward and on the middle caudal rays; an obscure humeral spot or bar. These characters were drawn from the Naranjito specimens, which are typical. In the Paita specimens (9328, Stanford University) there is a sharply defined humeral spot, while the caudal spot is lacking. The anal has twenty-nine or thirty rays; there are ten scales between the dorsal and the lateral line and five between the ventrals and the lateral line. . The species atricaudatus has been known from the type, from two specimens 150 and 170 mm. long from Paramba, Rio Chota, and from ten specimens in the British Museum from the Rios Mira, Peripa, and Zamora. Boulenger gives the formula for these as: Head 3.75/1, 3.8/4, 4/2, 4.5/1, 4.66/2; Depth 3/2, 3.5/7, 3.6/1, A. 27/1, 28/1, 29/1, 30/1, 31/3, 32/1, 33/2. Lateral line 46/1, 47/1, 48/1, 49/2, 50/2, 51/1, 55/1, 58/1. Scales between the lateral line and dorsal as 8/3, 9/3, 10/4.” * The denominators give the number of specimens. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 133 Boulenger considers B. moore' synonymous with B. atricaudatus, but a com- parison of typical specimens of the two species shows them to be quite different. Considering the great variation in the scales as given by Boulenger it seems quite probable that Boulenger has confused specimens of B. oligolepis with specimens of B. atricaudatus, in which case the specimens from the Mira are probably B. oligolepis. I have examined the type of B. Scapularis and it is without doubt an atricaudatus. - The specimens from Piura, all of which had been starved, are slender, the lower jaw is oblique, the lower lip in some is thin and very wide, projecting beyond the margins of the snout; the lower fins are greenish yellow in life, merging into rose, bordered by hyaline or dusky. The sides are marked with thin vertical lines. 172. Brycon meeki Eigenmann and Hildebrand. (Plate XXIII, fig. 4.) Brycon striatulus (non Kner) REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 462 (Rio San Juan, Colombia). - - Brycon atricaudatus (non Kner) EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, 18, 1913, p. 27 (Rio Dagua). - Brycon meeki. EIGENMANN and HILDEBRAND, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 688. - 6614, 6623, 6632–6635, C. M.; 12982–12985, 12987, 13461, 13467, I. U. M., nu- merous specimens, largest 315 mm., collected January 13–17, 1913, at numerous stations on the Telembi River from Barbacoas to eight miles above. Henn and Wilson. 6613 a-f, C. M.; 13460, I. U. M., Magui River, tributary of Patia. Henn. 6617 a-ſ, C. M.; 13459, I. U. M., Patia half-way between Magui and Telembi Rivers. Henn. 6624 a, C. M., one, 244 mm., Rio Calima, small creek near Boca del Guineo. Henn. 12912, I. U. M., one, 190 mm., Creek near mouth of San Juan. Henn. 6637 a-h, C. M.; 12988, I. U. M., young, Condoto, Feb. 1913. Wilson. 5164 C. M., 302 mm., Puerto Negria. Eigenmann. - 5167 a-b, 6636 a-d, C. M.; 12914, I. U. M., 12986, I. U. M., many, 41–58 mm., Istmina. Eigenmann and Wilson. 5156 a, 5168 a-h, C. M.; 12913, 12915, I. U. M., thirty-five, 70–322 mm., Caldas and mouth of Dagua River. Eigenmann. Habitat: Rios San Juan, Dagua, and Patia of the Pacific drainage of Colombia. Teeth of the sides of the mandible abruptly smaller behind the fourth, the first three or four subequal; lower jaw much the shorter, Premaxillary teeth in 134 . MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. four or more recognizable series; caudal spot obscure or absent; anal basis longer than the head; maxillary more than 3 in the head; gill-rakers seventeen or eighteen. Scales 12 to 14–67 to 70–7 or 8; D. 11, rarely 10; A. 33/2, 34/5, 35/2;* head 4.3; depth 3–3.25; eye 3–4; interorbital 2.25–2.75; premaxillary with six to nine very slightly graduated teeth in a regular outer series, the first tooth, and if nine, the last also, withdrawn somewhat from the line; about six teeth in the second series, more or less parallel with the first, sometimes the last tooth might be counted with either the first or second series; five teeth in the third series, which extends from the first tooth of the first series to the third of the innermost series; five or six teeth in the inner series; a single tooth in front of the first tooth of the inner series may be counted as the fourth series. A conspicuous black border upon the shoulder-girdle in the adult; sometimes vertical lines on the sides; no caudal spot. - This species was named by Eigenmann and Hildebrand in honor of their late friend, Dr. Seth E. Meek, Curator of Fishes in the Field Museum of Natural History, who contributed much to our knowledge of the fishes of Central America and Mexico and who in his zeal for exploration in the tropics contracted the disease which caused his death on July 6, 1914. - This species is very highly prized as a food-fish in Western Colombia. 173. Brycon dentex Günther. (Plate XXII, fig. 1.) - “Sabalo.” Brycon denter GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1860, p. 240 (Esmeraldas, Ecuador); BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 3 (Rio Peripa). * Chalcinopsis dentea (in part) GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 337 (Esmeraldas). - - - " ; - 6620 a-c, C. M.; 13462, I. U. M., nine, 43–147 mm., Colimes, Rio Daule. Henn. 15048, I. U. M., one, 340 mm., Guayaquil market. Henn. Habitat: Western slope of Ecuador. Head 4.33–4.6; depth about 3.75; scales 8–48 to 54–4 to ventrals; D. 11; A. 34/2, 35/3, 37/2, 38/3;f eye 3; interorbital 3; teeth very similar to those in B. striatulus with probably a difference in the number of teeth in some of the series. Silvery, without distinct markings. Regan has pointed out that Günther confused two species under B. dentea, and that his specimens from the north are B. guatemalensis, I entirely agree with * Denominators indicate number of specimens. f The denominators give the number of specimens. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 135 this conclusion. The fancied resemblance of the faunas of western Ecuador and Guatemala is entirely due to the “lumping” of species from the two localities. If my identification and also that of Boulenger are correct, this species is found in both northern and southern Ecuador. 174. Brycon rubricauda Steindachner. Brycon rubricauda STEINDACHNER, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXX, 1879, p. 186 (Cauca); Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 77, plate VIII, figs. 1 and 1a (Cauca near Caceres). Habitat: Cauca River. Head 4.5; depth 3.25; D. 11; A. 31; eye 4; interorbital 2.6; scales 12–66–6; caudal spot indefinite, reaching to end of caudal. I did not succeed in securing specimens of this species from the Magdalena Basin. Among the species of trans-andean Colombia the possession of four series of teeth in the premaxillary places it nearest B. meekī and B. denter. 175. Brycon henni Eigenmann. (Plate XXII, fig. 2.) Brycon henni EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 18, 1913, p. 26 (Upper Cauca and Dagua). - Habitat: Rios San Juan, Dagua, and Patia of the Pacific slope and upper Cauca of the Atlantic drainage. Most abundant in the Dagua, rare in the Patia. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. - Locality. Collector. 5152, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Type 247 Caldas Eigenmann 5153 a-f, C. M.; 12902 a-e, - I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paratypes 21 Largest 270 Caldas & 4 5154 a-o, C. M.; 12903, I. U. M. . . Paratypes 4 235, 240,290, 325; Cisner { { 6 60–107; - - - 18 largest 50 5155 a-c, C. M.; 12904, I. U. M...Paratypes 6 34–165 Cali & 4 5156 a-e, C. M.; 12905, I. U. M...Paratypes 9 32–110 Paila, “ 5158 a-2, C. M.; 12907, I. U. M. . . 164 Largest 74 Cartago { % 5157 a-2, C. M.; 12906, I. U. M...Paratypes 70 Largest 83 Piedra Moler - & 4 1. - 100 Patia at mouth of Henn - Rio Guaitara, March 13–14, 1913 * This species is readily distinguished from all other species of this genus found in Colombia and on the Pacific slope by its short anal, its scales, and the color. 136 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Head 3.66–3.8; depth 3.5–3.66; D. 11, rarely 10; A. 21/2, 22/8, 23/4, 24/3;* scales 7 to 9–48 to 51–5 or 6; eye 4.5–5 in the head; interorbital 2.75–3; gill-rakers 12; origin of dorsal very little nearer end of lateral line than tip of snout; origin of anal a little more remote from the snout than the last dorsal ray; opercle with an irregular black spot at its middle; caudal spot ill defined at the end of the peduncle, continued on the interradial membranes of the middle caudal rays to their tip; sides with vertical lines, and obscure humeral bar. Premaxillary with an inner and an outer series of teeth and three or four teeth between the anterior halves of the two series. Preventrals distinctly rounded; scales large. Base of anal a little less than length of head without the opercle. 176. Brycon argenteus Meek and Hildebrand. Brycon argenteus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 84 (Pacific slope of Eastern Panama; Rio Aruza at Aruza); ibid., 1916, p. 298, plate XXV (Rio Chorrera, Bayano and Tuyra Basins). Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama. - Base of anal equal to or a little longer than head; head 3.8–4 in the length, scales 51–56. A well-defined oval, slightly asymmetric, spot on the end of the caudal peduncle, encroaching a little on the bases of the middle caudal rays, not continued to the middle of these rays. Upper jaw projecting but slightly beyond the lower; second series of premaxillary teeth covered by the lower lip; last series of pre- maxillary teeth close in front of outer mandibular teeth. This species is very closely related to B. oligolepis, differing only in the points mentioned above. It is found from the Tuyra to the Canal Zone on the Pacific slope of Panama, B. oligolepis being found south of the Tuyra on both slopes. 177. Brycon oligolepis Regan. (Plate XXII, fig. 3.) ?Brycon atricaudatus BoulENGER (part 2), Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 3 (Mira). Brycom oligolepis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 462 (Rio Con- doto and Western Ecuador). Habitat: Patia, Dagua, and San Juan Rivers of the Pacific slope; Raspadura on the Atrato of the Atlantic slope. - * The denominators indicate the number of specimens. {} EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 137 SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Date. Collector. 6626–6629, C. M.; 12975–12979, - 15057, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Largest 241 Rio Telembi be- Jan. 13–16, Henn and tween Barba- 1913 Wilson coas and the Yambi 6625 a., C. M.; 13458, I. U. M. . . . . 3 Largest 106 - Patia at mouth March 13— Henn - of Rio Guaitara 14, 1913 5160 a-l, C. M.; 12909, I. U. M. . . .74 105–228 Caldas, R. Dagua Eigenmann 5161 a-j, C. M.; 12910, I. U. M. . . .80 30–238 Cisnero, R. “ * - Dagua 5159 a-d, C. M.; 12908, I. U. M. . . . 7 158–220 Cordova, R. . { { Dagua 6616, C. M.; 13457, I. U. M. . . . . . . 9 Largest 120 Small creek near Henn mouth of Ca- - - lima, San Juan 6630 a-b, C. M.; 12980, I. U. M. . . . — - Istmina Feb. 1913 Wilson 6631 a-f, C. M.; 12981, I. U. M. . . .28 Largest 149 Condoto Feb. 1913 & 4 6615, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 140 Raspadura Feb. 1913 ( & 13469, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 155 Quibdo Eigenmann Head 3.8–4.2; depth 3.4–3–5; D. 11/8, 12/1; A. 25/2, 26/3, 27/11, 28/12, 29/6, 30/2; * Lateral line 44/1, 46/2, 47/4, 48/5, 49/12, 50/4, 52/1;" Scales 8 or 8.5–44 to 523.5 or upper jaw more strongly projecting, second series of premaxillary teeth somewhat in advance of mandibular teeth, leaving a space when the mouth is closed; thirteen gill-rakers; caudal spot faint. - - It seems quite probable that Boulenger confused specimens of this species with B. atricaudatus. This species is very abundant in the Patia, Dagua, and San Juan Rivers and probably extends to the Esmeraldas. A single specimen was taken by Wilson at Raspadura in the Atrato Basin at a point near the upper San Juan, and another by Eigenmann at Quibdo on the Atrato. - 178. Brycon petrosus Meek and Hildebrand. (Plate XXIII, fig. 1) Brycon petrosus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, p. 84; loc. cit., 1916, p. 297, plate XXIV (Rio Chagres). Habitat: Chagres Basin of Panama. I have examined specimens collected by Meek and Hildebrand in the Rios Mandingo, Indio, and Gatun. - - A. 29; scales 10–54–5 left, 10–58–5 right side (10–56–4.5); outer series of * The denominators give the number of specimens, the numerators the number of rays, or Scales, as the case may be. 138 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. premaxillary teeth about 14; depth 3.15–3.9; caudal spot not much longer than deep, not extending to the end of the middle caudal rays. 179. Brycon moorei Steindachner. Brycon moorei STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 58, . plate V, figs. 2 and 2b (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 78 (Cauca near Caceres). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. A large game-fish, abundant in the Magdalena, where we caught it with hook and line trailed over the side of the steamer whenever the boat stopped. It is not very highly esteemed as food. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. No. Of Catalog Numbers. Specimens. Length in mm. Locality. Collector. 5146 a-b, C. M.; 12858, 12859, I. U. M. . . .4 Largest 400 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5150 a, C. M.; 12863 a-b, I. U. M. . . . . . . . - Calamar & 4 12861 a, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Magdalena ( & 5148, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Puerto Wilches & 4 5149, C. M.; 12863, 12863, I. U. M. . . . . . . – Puerto Berrio { % 5147, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Honda & 4 Head 4–4.5; depth 3–3.5; anal base about 4 in the length; D. 11; A. 27/6, 28/2; Scales 11–55/2,~57/2,-59/1,–60/1–6/1 or 7/6;” interorbital 2–2.33 in the head; about 24 teeth in outer series of premaxillary; gill-rakers 17; upper part of sides, especially on the tail with longitudinal lines between the rows of scales, a longitudinally oval humeral spot. Caudal spot large, diffuse, shading to the end of the middle caudal rays and forward. 180. Brycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann and Henn. (Plate XXII, fig. 4.) Brycon ecuadoriensis EIGENMANN and HENN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XVI, 1917, p. 687 (Rio Barranca Alta near Naranjito, Ecuador). - Habitat: Rio Barranca Alta, a coastal stream of Ecuador, south of Guayaquil. Head 3.6; depth 3.3; D. 11; A. III, 29.5; scales 9–56–4 to ventrals; eye about 4.1; base of anal equals length of head. Additional descriptive details will be found in the original description. Dark on sides and above, a steel-blue or brassy luster; fins dusky; a large, obscure, humeral band; a large black spot on the caudal peduncle, fading out forward and most intense toward its end, where it is continued to the tips of the membranes of the middle caudal rays. * The denominators indicate the number of specimens examined. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 139 In its general characters this species greatly resembles B. atricaudatus, living in the same waters. It differs notably in the teeth of both the premaxillary and the mandible; in its dentition it agrees closely with B. oligolepis, from which it differs in its shape, color, scales, etc. 181. Brycon striatulus (Kner). Chalcinopsis striatulus KNER, Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, 1863, p. 226; KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, 1864, p. 38, plate V, fig. 2 (New Granada and Pacific side of Panama). - Brycon striatulus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs, Zoël. Ser. X, 1914, p. 109; ibid., X, 1916, p. 294 (Rio Chorrera; Rio Juan Diaz; Rio Bayano; Tuyra Basin). - Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama from the Canal Zone to the Tuyra. 3955 C. M., three, Rio Frijoles; 14026, I. U. M., one Boca de Cupe, R. Fugra. - Base of anal notably longer than head; scales 63–80; upper jaw strongly projecting; teeth in lower jaw very large and strong, eight, rarely seven or nine in the outer series; teeth on outer edge of maxillary very small, nine to ten in number; eighteen to twenty-one scales between dorsal and adipose. 182. Brycon chagrensis (Kner). Chalcinopsis chagrensis KNER, Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, 1863, p. 226; KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, 1864, p. 42, plate V, fig. 3 (Rio Chagres). - Brycon chagrensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 295 (Chagres Basin). Habitat: Chagres Basin, Panama. I have examined several specimens (14021–14023, I. U. M.) from the Rio Gatun, and five (C. M., No. 3954) from the R. Fugra, collected by Meek and Hildebrand. Teeth in lower jaw small, thirteen to fourteen in outer series; teeth on outer edge of maxillary moderately developed, twelve to thirteen in number; twenty-one - to twenty-five scales between dorsal and adipose. OTHONOPHANES Eigenmann. 183. Othonophanes labiatus (Steindachner). Brycon labiatus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 75, plate III, fig. 1 (Cauca near Caceres); ibid., LXXII, 1902, p. 143 (Baranquilla; Barrancas on Rio Lebrija). - Habitat: Magdalena Basin. I did not succeed in securing any specimens of this species. 140 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM, Subfamily TETRAGONOPTERINAE. This subfamily has recently been monographed by me in “The American Characidae” published in the Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoëlogy, Vol. XLIII, 1917. All of the species are fully described and most of them figured therein, so that in the present account I have limited myself to a list of the species, to keys, and references to the monograph, where a fuller treatment of each species may be found. PSEUDOCHALCEUS Kner. Pseudochalceus KNER, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. München, 1863, p. 225. Type, Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner. 184. Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner. Pseudochalceus lineatus KNER, Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. München, 1863, p. 225; KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, X, 1864, p. 35, plate V, fig. 1 (Western Ecuador); WAGNER, ibid., 1864, p. 98; EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., 1921, p. 227, plate 64, figs, 3 and 5. This species is known from the types in the Vienna Museum. Wagner states that it occurs only at about 1,000 feet elevation. HYPHESSOBRYCON Durbin. This genus is found from southern Mexico and Guatemala southward to Ecuador. The species are abundant east of the Cordilleras. Two species in the area under consideration, H. dagua, and H. inconstans, vary, and appear to indicate a transition into the genus Astyanaa. For detailed accounts of the species Cf. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, pp. 172–221. 185. Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Eigenmann and Ogle). Hyphessobrycon inconstans EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, p. 199, plate 27, figs. 1, 2; plate 33, figs. 1, 2 (Quibdo; Soplaviento; Calamar; Cienega at Calamar; Puerto Wilches; Buena Vista; Honda; Bernal Creek). Habitat: Amazon; Magdalena from Calamar to Honda; Atrato. 186. Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann. (Plate XXIV, fig. 1.) Hyphessobrycon poecilioides EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, p. 211 (Cali). • - - Habitat: Upper Cauca Basin. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. ſº 141 187. Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann and Henn. Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, p. 218, plate 93, fig. 6 (Vinces). . - Habitat: Southwestern Ecuador. 188. Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin. Hyphessobrycon panamensis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, p. 186, plate 26, fig. 1; plate 33, fig. 4 (Calamar; Tambo; Raspadura; Managru; Certegui; Truando; Calima; Condoto; Istmina); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 287 (Chagres). Hyphessobrycon condotensis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 465 (Rio Condoto, Rio San Juan). Habitat: San Juan, Atrato, lower Magdalena and Chagres Basins. 189. Hyphessobrycon panamensis daguae, var. nov. Habitat: Dagua and Patia Basins. * Mr. S. F. Hildebrand examined part of the material enumerated under pana- mensis and dagua, and writes: - - “Your specimens labeled as H. panamensis and H. panamensis daguae, can apparently be separated into two fairly distinct groups—those from the Rio Dagua and Rio San Juan having twelve scales in a vertical series between base of ventrals and base of dorsal—and those from the Atrato Basin having ten scales in this vertical series. “The former, with respect to the scales, are like our Panama specimens, but they are larger, and the lateral line is often nearly complete, which is never the case in the Panama specimens; the fins also have fewer punctulations. In the Panama specimens, the anal fin usually has a dark tip. “The Atrato Basin specimens differ from both the Panama, and the Dagua and San Juan specimens in the fewer scales in the vertical series. In size they agree with the Panama specimens, but in color with the Dagua and San Juan specimens. The development of the lateral line in them is identical with the Panama specimens.” - - ASTYANAx Baird and Girard. This genus is monographed in my larger work on “The American Characidae,” Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, where full descriptions, list of specimens, etc., will be found. 142 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ASTYANAx. a. Predorsal line usually without a complete median series of scales, usually partly naked and partly covered by the bent-over margins of the scales of either side of the middle line. b. Scales below the lateral line in series parallel to the line except on the anal muscles (Poecilurich- thys): - - - c. Two conspicuous humeral spots; maxillary without teeth; A. 33–40; lateral line 41–47. festae (Boulenger). ** cc. A single horizontally oval humeral spot. d. Anal with 36–39 rays; lateral line 39 or 40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . borealis Eigenmann. da. Anal with 30–33 rays; lateral line 37–41; depth 2.4. . . . . . . . . . . orthodus Eigenmann. bb. Scales below the lateral line and behind the pectorals decurrent to the anal; preventral area with modified scales (Zygogaster). e. Second suborbital leaving a narrow naked area on the cheek, except sometimes in very - old individuals. - f. Anal rays 36-41; depth 2.4–3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stilbe (Cope). ff. Anal rays 33–34; depth 2–2.33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn. ee. Second suborbital in contact with..the preopercle below, except in young specimens. g. Dorsal and ventrals in the male not filamentous; origin of the anal in the male nearer the base of the last anal ray than to the origin of the dorsal; anal rays 37–42. h. Depth 1.9-2.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . atratoënsis Eigenmann. hh. Depth 2–2.33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . caucanus (Steindachner). gg. First dorsal and outer ventral rays filiform in the male; origin of anal nearer origin of dorsal than base of last anal ray in the male; depth in the male 3, in the female 2.5; - A. 38 or 39; lateral line 38 or 39. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . filiferus Eigenmann. aa. Predorsal area completely scaled (Astyanaa). - - i. Lateral line 50-55; A. 23–25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . microlepis Eigenmann. ti. Lateral line with less than forty-two scales. j. Third mandibular tooth normal. Anal usually with twenty-five or more rays. k. No caudal spot; A. 31; lateral line 35; maxillary with four teeth... daguae Eigenmann. kk. A conspicuous caudal spot not continued to the end of the middle rays. l. A. 23–28; eye 3 in the head, 1.2 in the interorbital, maxillary equals snout; depth 2.2–2.75; caudal spot conspicuous, across the entire caudal peduncle in younger individuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... is e º e º e º e s s e < * s = e s is e e s ruberrimus Eigenmann. kkk. A black caudal band, extending to the end of the middle rays, sometimes faint, or absent. m. Depth of caudal peduncle usually more than half the length of the head; usually - one maxillary tooth; depth 2.3–3; scales below the lateral line in series parallel with it. - - n. Caudal band simple, median. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fasciatus (Cuvier). mn. Caudal band median, a spur from its base extending downward. fasciatus heterurus Eigenmann and Wilson. jj. Middle point of the third mandibular tooth recurved, thorn-like; depth 2.6–2.75; A. 24. - - - aurocaudatus Eigenmann. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 143 190. Astyanax festae (Boulenger). Astyanaz festa, EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 236, plate 40, fig. 4; plate 95, fig. 5 (Vinces; Colimes; Puerto Viejo; Chone; Rio Chan- chan; Mirador). - - - Habitat: Western Ecuador, from Puerto Viejo southward. 191. Astyanax bimaculatas borealis Eigenmann. §§ Astyanaa bimaculatas borealis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 254 (Cauca near Caceres; Magdalena). Habitat: Lower Magdalena Basin. 192. Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann. Astyanaa orthodus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 260, plate 42, fig. 3 (Truando; Quibdo; Creek Altacar near Barbacoas). Habitat: Atrato and Patia Basins. - 193. Astyanax stilbe (Cope). Astyana, stilbe EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 263, plate 43, fig. 3 (Pará; Truando; Quibdo; Certegui). - Habitat: Atrato Basin and Pará. - 194. Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn. (Plate XXIV, fig. 2.) Astyanaa magdalenae EIGENMANN and HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 89 (Girardot; Apulo); EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 265 (Girardot; Apulo). - * - Habitat: Upper Magdalena Basin. 195. Astyanax atratoënsis Eigenmann. Astyanaa: atratoensis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 266, - plate 43, fig. 2 (Truando; Quibdo). • Habitat: Atrato and Magdalena Basins. * 196. Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner). Astyanaa: caucanus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 268, plate 43, fig. 1 (Soplaviento; Calamar; Calamar Cienega; Puerto Wilches; Buena Vista; Peñas Blancas; Puerto del Rio; Honda; Girardot). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. - 144 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 197. Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann). Astyanaa filiferus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 269, plate 51, fig. 2 (Apulo). Habitat: Upper Magdalena Basin. 198. Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann. Astyanaa: microlepis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 274, plate 48, fig. 4 (Piedra Moler; Cartago; Paila; Cali). Habitat: Upper Magdalena Basin. 199. Astyanax daguae Eigenmann. Astyanaa dague EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 282, plate 33, fig. 3 (Cordova). Habitat: Rio Dagua. 200. Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann. Astyanaa: ruberrimus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 281 (the most abundant of all the fishes of Panama, extending from the lowlands to the highest mountain streams, and present on both slopes of Panama); EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 284, plate 44, fig. 1 (Istmina; Puerto Negria; Mouth of Cucurrupi; Condoto; Rio Calima; Rio Munguido; Cordova; Barbacoas, Creek Altacar of Rio Telembi; Mouth of Rio Guaitara; Rio Patia; Rio Obispo). • Astyanaa: a news REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 465. Habitat: Both slopes of Panama; and Pacific drainage area of Colombia. 201. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier). Astyanaa: fasciatus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 280 (Pacific slope of Panama); EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 293, plate 45, figs. 1 and 2, plate 95, fig. 1 (Atrato Basin at Quibdo, Boca de Certegui, Boca de Raspadura, Truando, Managru, and Raspadura; San Juan Basin at Condoto; Cauca Basin at Piedra Moler, Cartago, Paila, and the Cauca River near Cali; and Magdalena Basin at Calamar, Puerto Wilches, Puerto Berrio, Peñas Blancas, Buena Vista, Honda, Girardot, and Apulo). - Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama; Atrato Basin; Magdalena Basin; and rarely in the San Juan Basin of the Pacific slope. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 145 202. Astyanax heterurus Eigenmann and Wilson. Astyanaa fasciatus heterurus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 303, plate 89, fig. 3 (Truando). Habitat: Atrato Basin. 203. Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann. Astyanaa: aurocaudatus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 274, plate 51, fig. 1; plate 69, figs. 6, 8, 10 (Boquilla). Habitat: Upper Cauca Basin. GENYCHARAX Eigenmann. A genus allied to the Tetragonopterinae on the one hand, and to Eaodon on the other. Its mouth parallels that of the Tarpon. Type, the single known species, G. tarpon. 204. Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann. Genycharaac tarpon EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 16, 1912, p. 22; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 51, fig. 3 (Cauca River at Cartago, Paila and Cali). Habitat: Upper Cauca River. CREAGRUTUs Günther. REY TO THE SPECIES OF CREAGRUTUs. a. Premaxillary with an inner series of three or four teeth; a series of four or five teeth extending obliquely from the third of the inner series to the foremost tooth; a tooth lateral to the fourth tooth of this series from in front, another tooth in the angle between the inner series and the oblique outer series. - b. Pores of the lateral line alike, normal. c. Second suborbital not as wide as eye, leaving a narrow naked area; A. 13; scales 4-40–3. - beni Eigenmann. ce. Second suborbital as wide as, or nearly as wide as, eye, in contact with the preopercle below, leaving a naked area behind. d. A. 10 to 11; depth about 3.5; lateral line 36–38; eye a little greater than Snout; caudal peduncle more than 2 in the head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brevipinnis Eigenmann. dd. A. 12 or 13, occasionally 11, rarely 10 or 14; lateral line 33–36; depth 2.75-3.25; depth of caudal peduncle 1.6–2 in the head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenae Eigenmann. dad. A. most frequently 14, rarely 15, or 16, more rarely 12. e. Lateral line 33–36; depth of caudal peduncle 2 in head, depth 3-3.7. affinis Steindachner. ee. Depth 3.6–4.3; A. 14–16; scales 5–34 to 38–4; upper jaw less strongly projecting, gill-rakers more numerous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . notropoides Meek and Hildebrand. 146 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. bb. Pores of the posterior part of the lateral line broad, slit-like, covered by a scale-like flap; first tooth of the premaxillary placed well in advance of the rest, the median toothless Space of the premaxillary bordered by four teeth on each side; A. 13–15; lateral line 39–40. caucanus Eigenmann. 205. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann. Creagrutus beni EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 56, fig. 3; plate 93, figs. 4, 5, 7 (Rio San Gil; R. Guadriga; Rio Roncador; Villavicencio; Barrigon; Merida). Habitat: Santander and East of the Andes from Caracas to the Beni. 206. Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann. Creagrutus brewipinnis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 34, fig. 1 (Piedra Moler; Paila; Cartago). . - Habitat: Upper Cauca Basin. 207. Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann. Creagrutus magdalenae EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 34, fig. 4; plate 80, figs. 12–16 (Apulo; Girardot; Honda; Peñas Blancas; Que- brada Alban; Bernal Creek; Soplaviento). Habitat: Upper and lower Magdalena Basin. 208. Creagrutus affinis Steindachner. Creagrutus affinis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 34, fig. 3 (Puerto Negria; Condoto; Tado; Istmina; Boca de Tambo; Raspadura; Certegui; Managru; Quibdo; Truando). Creagrutus leuciscus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 463 (Rio Lisa, Rio Condoto). - - Creagrutus simus.” MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 290 (Tuyra Basin). - Habitat: San Juan, Atrato and Tuyra Basins; Lower Cauca Basin. 209. Creagrutus notropoides Meek and Hildebrand. Creagrutus notropoides MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 289, plate XXI (Upper Chagres Basin). - Habitat: Upper Chagres Basin. * Mr. Hildebrand writes, “C. notropoides and C. simus constantly have one or two more longitudinal series of scales between the dorsal and anal than C. affinis. This is the only difference noted between C. affinis and C. simus, but C. notropoides is a more slender fish, with the upper jaw less strongly pro- jecting and with the gill-rakers more numerous.” EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 147 210. Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann. Creagrutus caucanus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 34, fig. 5 (Cartago; Paila; Cali). Habitat: Upper Cauca Basin. MICROGENYS Eigenmann. - te ſº ſº / 211. Microgenys minutus Eigenmann. Microgenys minutus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 35, fig. 2 (Piedra Moler). -- Habitat: Cauca Basin. PHENACOBRYCON* gen. nov. Type, Brycomamericus henni Eigenmann. First ten and last ten rays of the anal of the male with hooks. Lower caudal fulcra of the male not separated from the rest and not prominent. Middle caudal rays of the male with a glandular scale; cheeks entirely covered by the suborbital; four teeth in the inner series of the premaxillary. 212. Phenacobrycon henni (Eigenmann). Bryconamericus henni EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 6; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 90, figs. 1 and 2 (Colimes; Puerto Viejo; Chone). . * Habitat: Western slope of southern Ecuador. ARGOPLEURA. Eigenmann. Argopleura EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 18, 1913, p. 10. Xenurocharaa, REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 463 (spurrellii). Type, Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann). - The species of this genus are confined to the Magdalena, Atrato, and San Juan Basins. Slender; a brilliant lateral band; a glandular scale on the base of the middle caudal rays of the male overarching a cavity beneath it; hooks on the anal of the male confined to a circular patch, covering part of the tenth to fifteenth (about) rays; lower caudal fulcra in the male prominent, continuous in profile with the tips of the anal rays. Anal with thirty-three to forty-five rays. Caudal margined with dark. REY TO THE SPECIES OF ARGOPLEURA. a. Maxillary reaching suture between first and second suborbital, its tip frequently touching second suborbital. Scales 7 (rarely 6)–42 to 45–5; A. 33–36; lateral band shading downward; numerous * @évo: = false; Brycon = a genus of the Characidae. 148 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. chromatophores between anal and lateral line, those near the anal arranged along the inter-hemals. conventa (Eigenmann). aa. Maxillary not reaching suture between first and second suborbitals. No interpolated rows of scales; lateral band sharply defined below. b. Six scales between origin of dorsal and lateral line; scales 6–41 to 43–5; A. usually 35 to 36, rarely 33 or 34, 37 or 38; base of anal 2.66-2.75 in the length; head 4.8–5; depth 3.9–4.2; a few chromatophores half-way between anterior part of anal and lateral line; chromatophores along base of anal rays. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . diquensis (Eigenmann). bb. Five scales between the origin of the dorsal and the lateral line. c. A. usually 31 or 32, sometimes 29, 30, 33 or 34; base of anal 3 or a little more than 3 in the length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . chocoènsis Eigenmann. d. Head 4.3–4.5; depth 3.4–3.75; scales 5–39 to 41–5. . . . . . . chocoènsis from San Juan. dd. Head 4.33–4.75; depth 3.75-4; scales 5–39 to 41–4. . . . . . . . . chocoènsis from Atrato. cc. A. 35–45; head 4.75—5.33; depth 3–4; D. 10; scales 5–40 to 43–4; eye 2.33–3 in the head, equal or a little greater than interorbital; base of anal 2.4-2.6 in the length; origin of anal under anterior half of dorsal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenensis (Eigenmann). e. A. 34–43 (usually 35 to 37); origin of anal nearer base of middle caudal rays than to Snout; some chromatophores along inter-haemals; a small spot at base of middle caudal rays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenensis from Rio Viejo. ee. A, 40–45; origin of anal equidistant from snout and caudal; a row of chromatophores along the base of the anal rays; a few chromatophores half-way between lateral line and anterior part of anal; no caudal spot. magdalenensis from Magdalena and Cauca. 213. Argopleura conventa (Eigenmann). Brycomamericus conventus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 36, fig. 2 (Soplaviento). Habitat: El Dique, between Cartagena and the Magdalena. 214. Argopleura diquensis (Eigenmann). Brycomamericus diguensis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 36, fig. 3 (Soplaviento; Quebrada Alban). Habitat: El Dique and Santander. 215. Argopleura chocoènsis (Eigenmann). Brycomamericus chocoènsis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 36, figs. 4, 5 (Puerto Negria Istmina and Tado, San Juan Basin; Tambo, Boca de Raspadura, Certegui, Managru, Quibdo, and Truando, Atrato Basin). Xenurocharaa, spurrellii REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 463 (Condoto). - Habitat: Atrato and San Juan Basins. IEIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 149 216. Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann). Brycomamericus magdalenensis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 36, fig. 1; plate 75, figs. 1, 4, 12, 14 (Cauca Basin at Cali, Cartago, and Piedra Moler; Magdalena Basin at Apulo, Honda, Girardot, Peñas Blancas, and Puerto Berrio). - - Habitat: Magdalena and Cauca Basins. BRYCONAMERICUS Eigenmann. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BRYCONAMERICUs. a. Six to nine scales between the lateral line and dorsal; depth 2.5–3.5 (Pacific slope of Peru and Ecuador, and both slopes of Colombia and Central America). - bb. Maxillary with from 2 to 4 teeth confined to the upper anterior margin. c. Origin of dorsal about equidistant from tip of snout and base of middle caudal rays, or nearer the latter. (Peru to Panama.) - d. Middle caudal rays pale, no caudal spot; scales 6 or 7–36 to 40–7; A. 26–30; head 4.4; depth 3.4; pectorals reaching to or nearly to ventrals, ventrals to or nearly to anal; origin of dorsal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and from Snout or an orbital diameter nearer the latter. Two teeth on the maxillary; interorbital much larger than eye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . simus (Boulenger). da. A black spot on caudal peduncle, not continued to the end of the rays. e. Scales 8–40 to 45–6 or 7; head 3.6; maxillary equal to length of eye; eye equal to or larger than interorbital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . emperador Eigenmann. ee. Scales 40–48; head 3.8–4; maxillary a little longer than snout; eye equal to interorbital; lateral band dark; breeding males with tubercles on the head. - cascajalensis Meek and Hildebrand. eee. Scales 6–38–5; head 3.66; maxillary three fourths as long as eye; eye greater than interorbital. Three teeth on the maxillary; caudal spot without a definite colorless area anterior to it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ortholepis Eigenmann. eeee. Scales 6 (or 7)—39 or 40–5 or 6; head 4–4.6; maxillary three fourths as long as eye; eye equals interorbital, or not quite equal to it, 2.4—2.7 in head; males with tubercles on head, fins, and scales; caudal spot well defined, sometimes extending on part of the middle caudal rays; area anterior to it without chromatophores below. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . scopiferus Eigenmann. eeeee. Scales 6–38–6; head 4.35; maxillary five sixths as long as eye; eye 1.1 to 1.33 in interorbital, 3–3.33 in the head; caudal spot not sharply defined; no chromatophores in the area anterior to the caudal spot on the under side. - scopiferus guaitarae Eigenmann and Henn. ddd. Middle caudal rays black. f. D. 10, rarely 9. g. Eye 3–3.5 in the head, 1.1–1.25 in the interorbital; depth 2.9–3.25; head 4–4.5; maxillary equals eye; A. 25–28, lateral line 6–37 to 40–5 or 6. caucanus Eigenmann. h. A. 27–30; lateral line 37–40. . . . . . . . . . . peruanus (Müller and Troschel). hh. A. 36–43. Lateral line 43–50; two humeral spots. brevirostris (Günther). 150 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. cc. Origin of dorsal an orbital diameter nearer the snout than to the base of the middle caudal rays. (Costa Rica and Ecuador.) t gg. Eye 1.3–1.5 in the very convex interorbital. A. 28 or 29; scales 7–37 to 39-6. . scleroparius (Regan). 217. Bryconamericus simus (Boulenger). Brycomamericus simus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 69, fig. 8. Habitat: Chota Valley, Ecuador. 218. Bryconamericus emperador Eigenmann. Brycomamericus emperador EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 37, fig. 3 (Empire Station); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 283 (both slopes of Panama, Chagres, Bayano and Tuyra Basins). - - * Habitat: Panama on both slopes; Rio Grande de Terraba, Costa Rica. 219. Bryconamericus cascajalensis Meek and Hildebrand. Bryconamericus cascajalensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs, Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 284, plate XIX (Rio Cascajal). Habitat: Atlantic slope of Panama at Cascajal, near Porto Bello. 220. Bryconamericus ortholepis Eigenmann. Brycomamericus ortholepis EIGENMANN, Indiana Univ. Studies No. 18, 1913, p. 15; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 38, fig. 3 (mouth of R. Calima; Condoto; Istmina; Tambo; Boca de Raspadura; Raspadura; Truando). Brycomamericus rubricauda REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 464 (R. Condoto). - - - Habitat: San Juan and Atrato Basins. 221. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann. Bryconamericus scopiferus EIGENMANN, Indiana Univ. Studies No. 18, 1913, p. 16; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 38, fig. 2 (Patia Basin; Cisnero and Cordova, Dagua Basin; Mouth of Calima, Condoto, Tado, and Istmina, San Juan Basin). Brycomamericus juanensis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 464 (Rios Condoto, San Juan and Tamana). Habitat: San Juan, Dagua and Patia Basins, EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 151 222. Bryconamericus scopiferus guaitarae Eigenmann and Henn. Brycomamericus scopiferus guaitara EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 67, fig. 3 (Mouth of Guaitara). Habitat: Patia Basin. 223. Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann. Bryconamericus caucanus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., LXIII, plate 75, figs. 2, 9, 11; plate 38, fig. 1 (Boquilla; Piedra Moler; Cartago; Paila; Cali; Patia). - Habitat: Upper Cauca and Patia Basins. 224. Bryconamericus peruanus (Müller and Troschel). Brycomamericus peruanus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 88, fig. 1; plate 37, fig. 4. Habitat: Western slope of Ecuador and Peru from Guayaquil to the Rimac. The following specimens were collected in Peru during the Irwin Expedition: No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Date. Collector. 7688 a-c, C. M.; 15172, I. U. M. . . Many” 92 Puenta Piedra near Jan. 29, 1919 Eigenmann - Lima 7689 a-c, C. M.; 15178, I. U. M. . . Many 88 Lima, Rio Rimac Aug. 18, 1918 ( & 7682 a-c, C. M.; 15179, I. U. M. . . Many 106 Tributary of Rimac, Aug. 29, 1918 Allen and Chosica Eigenmann 7690 a-c, C. M.; 15177, I. U. M. . . Many 87 Cultambo, Rio Jan. 12, 1919 Eigenmann - - - - Jequetepeque 7691 a-c, C. M.; 15175, I. U. M. . . Many 86 Llallan, Rio Jan. 1919 { { Jequetepeque - 15174, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Three 86 Laguna near - Jan. 1919 - { { Pacasmayo 7692 a-c, C. M.; 15176, I. U. M. . . Many” 92 Piura Jan. 11, 1919 “ 7697 a, C. M.; 15173, I. U. M. . . . Five 76 Sullana Jan. 1919 “ 225. Bryconamericus brevirostris (Günther). Bryconomericus brewirostris EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 93, fig. 1 (Vinces; Rio Chanchan; Colimes). - Habitat: Western slope of southern Ecuador. * A very large proportion of the specimens have a peculiar deformation in the spine behind the dorsal. This region is much foreshortened and the spine is very crooked. The base of the anal is 3–3.5 in the length. - - * Base of anal 2.5–3 in the length; a large predominance of males, 152 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 226. Bryconamericus scleroparius Regan. Brycomamericus scleroparius REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 465 (San Juan); EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 38, fig. 4. Habitat: Atlantic slope of Costa Rica, Pacific slope of Ecuador. San Juan 7 LANDONIA Eigenmann. 227. Landonia latidens Eigenmann and Henn. Landonia latiaens EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 84, figs. 2, 3; plate 86, figs. 1–5. Habitat: Vinces, Ecuador. HEMIBRYOON Günther. KEY. To THE SPECIEs of HEMIBRYCON. a. A. 21–25; scales not deflected toward the anal. b. Pectorals extending beyond, or to origin of, ventrals; maxillary with tricuspid teeth along the greater part of its length, reaching to the third suborbital; A. 21; scales about 5–41–5. tridens Eigenmann (extralimital, Rio Apurimac at Uruhuasi). bb. Pectorals not reaching ventrals; maxillary not reaching third suborbital; depth 3–3.5; predorsal area without complete median series of scales. c. Scales 6 or 7–41 to 43–5 or 6; eye 1.3–1.5 in interorbital; maxillary teeth extending not over half the margin of the bone; mandibular teeth graduated; lateral line Sagging but little. wº tolimae (Eigenmann). cc. Scales 8 or 9–47 to 53–7 or 8; eye 1.25–1.33 in interorbital; maxillary teeth extending §s almost the entire length of the bone; mandibular teeth abruptly smaller on the side. - • colombianus Eigenmann. aa. A. 26–32; pectorals reaching ventrals or further. d. Lateral line 42 to 45. e. Depth 3.66–4.5; eye 3; pectorals reaching to or nearly to the ventrals; lateral teeth of the mandible suddenly minute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boquillae (Eigenmann). ee. Depth 3.5; eye 3 in head, 1 in interorbital; pectorals extending beyond origin of ventrals; maxillary reaching to end of the first suborbital. Lateral line 45. . . . polyodon (Günther). da. Lateral line 38–41; A. 27–30; origin of anal behind middle of base of dorsal. . dariensis Meek and Hildebrand. ddd. Scales 44–48; lateral line sagging, so that a line connecting its origin and end passes under the dorsal through the middle or upper corner of the second row of scales above it; scales deflected towards the anal, pectoral reaching ventrals. Eye equals interorbital; origin of anal under middle or anterior part of dorsal. . - f. Scales 7 or 8–45 to 48–5 or 6; depth of caudal peduncle less than its length; depth 3.2–3.4; A. 30–34; maxillary teeth 3–9, usually extending over less than half the free margin. dentatus (Eigenmann). ff. Scales 9–44–6; origin of anal in front of middle of base of dorsal; depth of caudal peduncle equal to its length; depth 3; A. 31; maxillary teeth 6 on about half of the free margin; lateral teeth of the mandible suddenly minute, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , decurrens (Eigenmann). EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 153 228. Hemibrycon tolimae (Eigenmann). Hemibrycon tolima, EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 39, fig. 4 (Upper Patia; Ibagué; various localities on the western slope of the Cordillera of Bogota). - . - Habitat: Upper Patia, and elevated points in the Magdalena Basin. 229. Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann. Hemibrycon colombianus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 88, fig. 1. - Habitat: Santander. 230. Hemibrycon boguillae Eigenmann. Hemibrycon boquiae EIGENMANN, Ind. Univ. Stud., 18, 1913, p. 20 (Boquilla). Habitat: Cauca Valley. - - 231. Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther). Hemibrycom polyodon EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII. Habitat: Western and eastern slopes of Ecuador. 232. Hemibrycon dariensis Meek and Hildebrand. Hemibrycon dariensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 285, plate XX (Rio Yape). Habitat: Tuyra Basin. - 233. Hemibrycon dentatus Eigenmann. Hemibrycon dentatus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 39, fig. 3; plate 80, figs. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 (Piedra Moler; Paila; Cali). Habitat: Upper Cauca and Atlantic side of the Cordillera of Bogotá. 234. Hemibrycon decurrens Eigenmann. Hemibryeon decurrens EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 39, fig. 1 (Soplaviento). - Habitat: El Dique, between Cartagena and Calamar. NEMATOBRYCON Eigenmann. Distribution: Headwaters of the San Juan and Atrato Basins, on opposite sides of the continental divide. 154 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 235. Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann. N ematobrycon palmeri EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 60, figs. 1, 2 (Condoto, Rio Condoto; Novita, Rio Tamana). Habitat: Upper San Juan Basin. 236. Nematobrycon amphiloxus Eigenmann and Wilson. Nematobrycon amphilocus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 60, figs. 3, 4 (Istmina; Tambo, Boca de Raspadura). Habitat: Upper San Juan and upper Atrato Basins. Subfamily RhoADSINE. The species of this subfamily of the Characidae are confined to the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica (La Junta of the Rio Reventazon Basin) and to the Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador. The subfamily has been monographed by me in “The American Characidae,”. Memoirs Museum of Comparative Zoëlogy, Vol. XLIII, and the present account is confined to a list of the genera and species, with their distribution. w PARASTREMMA Eigenmann. 237. Parastremma sadina Eigenmann. “Sadina.” Parastremma sadina EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 72, figs. 1–6; plate 74, figs. 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17; plate.94, fig. 4. This species was found in the San Juan Basin at Istmina (Eigenmann and Wilson), Condoto and Tado (Wilson), and in the Rio Telembi of the Patia Basin (Henn and Wilson). - - - RHOADSIA Fowler. In addition to the two species enumerated below, a third species of this genus, Rhoadsia eigenmanni (Meek), is found in Costa Rica. 238. Rhoadsia altipinna Fowler. Rhoadsia altipinna EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 73, fig. 3; plate 74, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 14; plate 94, fig. 3. - This species was taken by Rhoads in the Chimbo (between 700 and 800 feet), by Henn at Naranjito, both of the foregoing localities being in the Chanchan Basin; and by Henn in the Rio de Chone, Province of Manabi, Ecuador. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NoFTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 155 239. Rhoadsia minor Eigenmann and Henn. “Doradilla.” Rhoadsia minor EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 73, fig. 1. This is a smaller edition of R. altipinna, from the Rio Blanco, of the Esmeraldas Basin at Mindo, with an elevation of 4136 feet. It was also reported, but not taken, in the Chota valley of northern Ecuador at an elevation of 4900 feet. Subfamily GLANDULOCAUDINAE. The genera and species of this subfamily were considered in brief in the Indiana University Studies No. 20, April 25 (dated March 15), 1914, pp. 32–42. The subfamily is monographed in “The American Characidae,” Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, where, complete descriptions with figures may be found. The members of the subfamily are found in Trinidad, in Colombia, in Paraguay, in Buenos Aires, and in the Rio São Francisco, Brazil. & - PTEROBRYCON Eigenmann. 240. Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann. Pterobrycon landoni EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 67, fig. 4. Known only from the type, No. 5051, C. M., 25 mm. long, taken in a minute rivulet back of Boca de Raspadura in the upper Atrato Basin. * MICROBRYCON Eigenmann and Wilson. 241. Microbrycon minutus Eigenmann and Wilson. Microbrycon minutus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 89, fig. 1. Known only from the type, No. 5422, C. M., 24 mm. long, and the paratype, 13109, I. U. M., 24 mm. long, both taken by Wilson in the Truando River, in the lower Atrato Basin. * GEPHYROCHARAX Eigenmann. 242. Gephyrocharax chocoènsis Eigenmann. Gephyrocharaa, chocoènsis EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 63, fig. 1 (Rio Calima; Condoto; Istmina; Managru). Habitat: San Juan and Atrato Basins. - 243. Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann. Gephyrocharaa, caucanus EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 88, fig. 5 (Cartago; Paila; Cali). Habitat: Upper Cauca Basin. 156 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 244. Gephyrocharax melanocheir Eigenmann. Gephyrocharaa, melanocheir EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 63, fig. 3 (Soplaviento; Bernal Creek). . Habitat: Magdalena Basin from the coast to Honda. 245. Gephyrocharax atricaudata Meek and Hildebrand. Gephyrochara, atricaudata EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, plate 63, fig. 4 (Rio Cardenas; Agua Clara; Canal Zone). Habitat: Panama on both slopes. 246. Gephyrocharax intermedius Meek and Hildebrand. Gephyrocharar intermedius MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 278 (Rio Chame). Habitat: Rio Chame, Pacific slope of Panama north of the Rio Bayano. Subfamily CHALCININAE. CHALCINUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 247. Chalcinus magdalenae Steindachner. “Harenga.” Chalcimus magdalenae STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 60, plate XI, figs. 1, 2 (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 79 (Cauca near Caceres); GARMAN, Bull. Essex Inst., XXII, 6, 1890. Habitat: Magdalena Basin. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5128, C. M.; 12878, I. U. M. . . . . . . 27 large, Soplaviento Eigenmann many small 5126 a-2, C. M.; 12876, I. U. M. . . . Many 35–235 Calamar ( & 5127, C. M.; 12877, I. U. M. . . . . . . 8; 9 40–60; 187–200 Calamar Cienega ( & 5129, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 About 260 El Banco ( & 5131 a-b, C. M.; 12880, I. U. M. . . .3 Largest 85 Puerto Wilches { { 15037, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 204–260 Puerto Berrio Gonzales 5134, C. M.; 12883, I. U. M. . . . . . . Many Puerto del Rio ( & 5132 a-b, C. M.; 12881, I. U. M. . . .41 Largest 165 Peñas Blancas Eigenmann 5133 a-f, C. M.; . 12882 a-f, I. U. M. .29 Largest 220 Honda & 4 12884, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 58—215 Apulo Gonzales 5130 a-k, C. M.; 12879, I. U. M. . . .21 Largest about Girardot Eigenmann 200 EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 157 Subfamily GASTEROPELECINAE. THORACOCHARAx Fowler. A widely distributed genus, its species being found in Paraguay, in the Amazon basin, in the Orinoco, Magdalena, Atrato, and San Juan Rivers, and in the streams of the Pacific slope of Panama. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THORACOCHARAX. a. A narrow black spot along the back at the base of the dorsal; a dusky lateral stripe; tip of dorsal narrowly black; A. 34; thirty-three scales in a median series; three or four teeth of nearly equal size on the maxillary, the last near its tip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . magdalenae Eigenmann. aa. Back below the dorsal without a spot; a dusky lateral stripe; tip of dorsal and narrow margin of the posterior half of the pectoral disk, black; vertical series of dots usually present on the sides; A. 31–36; scales 30–35 in a median series; three to five teeth on the maxillary. maculatus (Steindachner). 248. Thoracocharax magdalenae Eigenmann. (Plate XXIV, fig. 4.) Thoracocharaa magdalena, EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Dec. 1912, p. 25 (Girardot). - Habitat: Magdalena Basin. 4846 a, C. M., type 50 mm.; 12700, I. U. M., paratype 53 mm., Girardot. Eigen- mann. This species is known only from these two specimens. 249. Thoracocharax maculatus (Steindachner). (Plate XXIV, fig. 3.) Gasteropelecus maculatus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 168, plate 1, fig. 4 (Rio Mamoni, Chepo, Panama); JoFDAN and EvKRMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLVII, 1896, p. 338; REGAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Pisces, 1908, p. 173. - Thoracocharaw maculatus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 288 (Chorrera, Rio Bayano and Rio Tuyra Basins, Pacific slope of Panama). Thoracocharaa brevis EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, Dec. 23, 1912, p. 25 (Raspadura). 4997 a-n, C. M.; 13305, I. U. M., one hundred and seventy-seven specimens, 35–77 mm., Truando River, Atrato Basin. Wilson. 3850 a-d, C. M.; 13004, I. U. M., thirty-one, largest 76 mm., Quibdo, Atrato Basin. Wilson. - 3850 a-c, C. M.; 13003, I. U. M., seven, largest 61 mm., Raspadura, Atrato Basin. Wilson. 158 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 4845, C. M., 47 mm., Boca de Raspadura, Atrato Basin. Eigenmann. 3851 a-c, C. M.; 13002, I. U. M., thirteen, largest 75 mm., small creek of Rio Calima, San Juan Basin. Henn. . Habitat: Atrato Basin of the Atlantic slope and from the San Juan to Chorrera, Panama, on the Pacific slope. . Subfamily SALMININAE. SALMINUS Agassiz. This genus consists of four species with the following recorded distribution: Salminus maxillosus Cuv. & Val. in the La Plata Basin, and the Amazon; S. brevidens in the Rio São Francisco and the Rio Cipo; S. hilarii in the Orinoco, the Amazon, the São Francisco and the upper Parana; S. affinis from the Magdalena Basin and the Rio Santiago in southeastern Ecuador, although I doubt the correct- ness of the identification of the specimens from the latter locality. The species are so similar that but little confidence can be placed in the identification of isolated specimens. All of them ought to be reëxamined by some one author. I have examined specimens from the Rio São Francisco and southward and caught some at La Merced in the Chanchamayo Basin in Peru, but these were later lost in transportation. A key to the species is given in the Annals of the Carnegie Mu- seum, X, 1916, p. 91. . 250. Salminus affinis Steindachner. Salminus affinis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 80, plate VII, figs. 2 and 2d (Cauca near Caceres); ? BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anal. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, p. 4 (Rio Santiago); EIGENMANN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 92 (Honda). - - - Three specimens were purchased by me at Honda, Colombia, but no others were seen. These specimens, 5023, C. M.; 12816, I. U. M., measured 455, 530, and 600 mm., respectively. - - Subfamily CHARACINAE. CHARAx Scopoli. A widely distributed genus, the species of which range from the Atrato River to the La Plata, and from Pará to Ecuador. The species of this genus differ but little from each other and it is difficult to define them. A. atratoënsis has a much more distinct arch at the nape and in general appearance is different from magdalenae. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 159 REY TO THE SPECIES OF CHARAx. a. Depth 3.1; head 4; A. 47–50; scales 106–126; nape sharply humped, the profile very concave, a medium-sized naked area on the cheek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . atratoënsis Eigenmann. b. Depth 3–3.4; head 4.2–4.33; A. 50–57; scales 113–116; nape less sharply humped, the profile less concave; naked area on the cheek very small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...magdalenae (Steindachner). 251. Charax atratoensis Eigenmann. (Plate XXV, fig. 2.) Charaac atratočnsis EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIII, 1907, p. 33, fig. wº 8 (Truando). - . - 3848 a-b, C. M.; 15030, I. U. M., sixteen, 195–365 mm., 15031 I. U. M., four, 44–51 mm., Quibdo. Wilson. - 5183, C. M., one, Rio Sucio, Atrato Basin. Eigenmann. Habitat: Atrato Basin. 252. Charax magdalenae (Steindachner). “Juan viejo.” Anacyrtus (Cynopotamus), argenteus (non Valenciennes) STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 62 (Magdalena). Anacyrtus magdalenae STEINDACHNER, loc. cit., p. 61, plate XII, figs. 2 and 2d (Rio Magdalena); ? PERUGIA, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser, 2a, |X, 48, 1891 (Rio Paraguay at Asunción). - Anacyrtus (Cynopotamus) magdalena STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, |XLII, 1880, p. 80 (Cauca near Caceres). Cynopotamus magdalena, EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat, Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 58; STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 144 (Barranquilla). 5184, C. M.; 12931, I. U. M., two, largest 275 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 5181 a-e, 5182 a-d, C. M.; 12929, 12930, I. U. M., nineteen, 115–365 mm., Calamar River and Cienega. Eigenmann. - 13059, I. U. M., three, largest 300 mm., Cienega at Puerto Berrio. Gonzales. 5180 a-d, C. M.; 12928, I. U. M., eleven, 206–365 mm., Honda. Eigenmann. Habitat: Magdalena Basin. ROEBOIDES Günther. One of the most widely distributed genera, ranging from Mexico to Argentina and from sea-level to an elevation of several thousand feet. Specimens of the genus Roeboides are abundant in the Magdalena Basin from sea-level at least to Girardot and Cali, in both the San Juan and Atrato Rivers, in the Patia Basin, in northern Ecuador, and in Panama on both slopes. The 160 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. species of the Chagres ranges north into Mexico, which gives this genus the second farthest north of the Characidae, only Astyanaa: reaching the United States. They vary greatly with the locality, and no locality has more than one species, or variety, unless it be Soplaviento. In some species there is no symptom of a shoulder-spot, in others it is large, nearly the size of the eye, rounded and very conspicuous; in others it is large and crescent-shaped; and between these there is every gradation. The spot is least developed in specimens from Soplaviento and most developed in specimens from the upper Cauca. The anal rays vary from forty-two to fifty-six, specimens from the San Juan and the Quito Rivers having the highest average, those from the upper Cauca the lowest. In the scales of the lateral line there is a varia- tion of from fifty-one to eighty-nine, being highest (eighty to eighty-nine) in the Chagres specimens. I have attempted a definition of species. Some of these are statistical, i.e., the difference becomes evident only on the statistical comparison of numbers of specimens. Possibly R. occidentalis, hildebrandi, meeki, and dayi should all be united under the oldest name, day. The species all look very much alike. In life the caudal is brilliant orange and the remaining fins are yellowish. REY TO THE SPECIES OF ROEBOIDEs. a. Shoulder in the adult without a conspicuous spot, spot varies in the young. Origin of dorsal a little nearer tip of adipose than snout; gill-rakers in lower arch, 7–9. b. Origin of anal equidistant from tip of snout and base of second to eighth anal ray from the last; depth 2.5–2.8; scales 64–72; A. 42–50; a silvery lateral band, the young like the adult, or with a humeral spot, which may consist of but a few chromatophores or approach the size found in R. day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... e s s e º e magdalenae sp. nov. bb. Origin of anal equidistant from tip of snout and base of ninth to thirteenth anal ray from the last; depth 2.9–3; scales 80–89; A. 47–52; a silvery lateral band, especially in the young, usually enclosing a dark streak in the anterior part just behind the location of the spot in other species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . guatemalensis (Günther). aa. Shoulder in the adult with a conspicuous spot. c. Origin of anal equidistant from tip of snout and tip of last anal ray or base of caudal. Anal rays usually 43–45 (from 42–47); caudal peduncle longer than deep. . . . . . . . . . caucae sp. nov. cc. Origin of anal nearer snout than base of last anal ray. d. Lateral line 71–81. e. A. 44–50, most frequently 47 and 48; pectoral in a specimen 86 mm. long just reaching anal; naked area of the cheek at its lower angle less than half the width of the sub- orbital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . occidentalis Meek and Hildebrand. ee. A. 46–54, most frequently 49 and 52; naked portion of cheek 2 (in larger), 1.5 (in smaller) in the width of the suborbital; pectoral in half-grown specimens reaching anal; nape more strongly arched. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hildebrandi sp. nov. dd. Lateral line 60–71, most frequently 66 or 67; anal rays 47–56, most frequently 50 to 51. - meeki sp. nov. ddd. Lateral line 57–65, most frequently 61–64; anal rays 46–52, most frequently 48 or 49. dayi Steindachner. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 161 WARIATION IN THE NUMBER OF ANAL RAYS IN ROEBOIDES. The numbers opposite the specific names indicate the number of specimens possessing the indicated number of anal rays. * Number of Anal Rays. 42 43 44 45 46 47 || 48 49 50 || 51 52 53 54 55 56 R. magdalena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 || 4 || 8 || 11 || 3 || 1 || 3 2 R. guatemalensis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 || 1 || 2 4 || 6 || 1 R. caucº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 || 13 || 8 || 8 3 | 1 R. occidentalis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 1 || 4 8 2 3 R. hildebrand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 || 2 | 8 || 11 || 15 17 | 3 R. meeki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 6 || 7 || 2 | 1 1 2 | 1 R. dayſ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 || 4 || 8 || 7 4 1 1 VARIATION IN THE PORES IN THE LATERAL LINE IN ROEBOIDEs. Number of Pores. 575859/60/61/6263/64|65|66|67|68/69/70/71 72 |73 || 74 |75|| 76 || 77 | 78 79 80 81 82 R. magdalenae. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1|2| 6 || 6 || 4 || 8 || 8 || 1 R. guatemalensis. . . . . . . . . . X | X | X R. caucae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3| 0 || 2 || 6 || 6 || 4 || 8 || 8 || 1 R. occidentalis. . . . . . . . . . . . X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X R. hildebrandi . . . . . . . . . . . . 1| 2 | 6 || 10| 4 || 4 || 1 || 1 1 | 1 R. meeki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1|0|1|3|3|2|5||7|2|1|1|1 R. day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1|3| 0, 2 3|3| 3| 4 || 1 253. Roeboides magdalenae sp. nov. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. The distinguishing features of this species are given in the key. - No. of - Length Catalog Numbers. - Specimens. in mm. Locality. - Collector. 5202 a-a, C. M.; 12950, I. U. M. . . . . Over 200" Largest 105 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5207 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 32 Calamar - & 4 5204 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 45 El Banco & & 5209 a-c, C. M.; 12952, I. U. M. . . . . . 7 Largest 60 Near Puerto ( & - Wilches 12949, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Cienega near ( & Puerto Wilches 5206 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 50 Peñas Blancas & 4 5205 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 47 Below Buenavista & 4 5203 a-j, C. M.; 12951, I. U. M. . . . . . 19 Largest 83 Bernal Creek - { { 5210 a-e, C. M.; 12954, I. U. M. . . . . . 8 Largest 70 Girardot { { . 12953, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Largest 78 Apulo Gonzales 254. Roeboides guatemalensis (Günther). Anacyrtus (Roeboides) quatemalensis GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., V, 1864, p. 347 (Chagres, Huamuchal, Lake Nicaragua). Roeboides guatemalensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., "Type and paratypes. 162 . MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 291, plate XXII (Atlantic slope of Panama from brackish water to mountain streams). - - - Habitat: Pacific slope of southern Mexico to the Rio Chagres. sº 255. Roeboides cauce sp. nov. This species differs from all other species in western Colombia in having the Origin of the anal equidistant from tip of snout and some point between the tip of the last anal ray and the base of the middle caudal rays, except in very young. - Head 3.25–3.5; depth 2.7–2.8; D. 11; A, 42–47, most frequently 43 (50 in one); scales 64–72, most frequently 67–71; naked portion of cheek 1.5–2 in the width of the suborbital; caudal peduncle longer than deep; pectoral not reaching anal; caudal lobes not sharply pointed; lateral spot large, faint, or very conspicuous. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5201, C. M.; 12948, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Largest 110 Piedra Moler Eigenmann 12934, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Largest 115, type Cartago & & - and paratypes 5191 a-b, C. M.; 12937, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 4 Largest 96 Paila & C 5189 a-i, C. M.; 12935, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 20 25–90 Cali - ( ( . 5190 a-c, C. M.; 12936, I. U. M. . . . . . . . Many Largest 125 Juanita { % 256. Roeboides occidentalis Meek and Hildebrand. Roeboides occidentalis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 293, plate XXIII (Pacific slope of Panama, from the head of tide-water to the mountain streams). - Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama. 257. Roeboides hildebrandi sp. nov. (Plate XXV, fig. 3.) Roeboides guatemalensis REGAN (in part), Biol. Centr, Amer. Pisces, 1906–1908, p. 174 (Western Ecuador). This species, found in the Pacific slope streams, differs statistically from R. occidentalis of the Pacific slope of Panama. The two species evidently reach about the same size, R. occidentalis reaches 170 mm. and of R. hildebrandi the largest specimen caught in the San Juan was 160 mm., the largest in the Patia, 165 mm. I Secured no specimens in the Rio Dagua, which empties into the Pacific between the San Juan and the Patia. It is very probable that the specimens collected by Rosenberg in western Ecuador and attributed to guatemalensis by Regan belong to this species. •. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 163 The humeral spot in R. occidentalis is entirely above the lateral line in the specimens examined and is not half-way above and half-way below as depicted in Meek and Hildebrand's figure Head 4 ; depth 2.66; D. 11; A. 46–54 (for details see the table). A broad, silvery band from head to middle caudal ray a large, but faint caudal spot. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. s; a large, conspicuous humeral Spot; - No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5186, C. M.; 12933, I. U. M. . . . . . . 18, type and 62–160 Istmina Eigenmann * paralypes 12960, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Largest 119 Istmina Wilson 12959, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Largest 112 Tado & 4 5187, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 80 Halfway between Puerto Eigenmann - Negria and Istmina • 5185, C. M.; 12932, I. U. M. . . . . . . 25 38–136 Puerto Negria . { { 13066, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 102 Rio San Juan at mouth Henn - of Rio Cucurrupi 5373 a-e, C. M.; 13062, I. U. M. . .23 Largest 103 Patia between Magui { { and Telembi 5375 a-e, C.M.; 13065, I. U. M. . .30 Largest 111 Rio Magui, tributary of { { Patia . - 13063, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 58 Patia at mouth of Ri { { Guaitara 5195—5198, 5374, C. M.; 12944– - 12947, 13064, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . .40 35–165 Rio Telembi between Henn and Barbacoas and 8 miles Wilson 258. Roeboides meeki sp. nov. above (Plate XXV, fig. 4.) 5192 a-g, C. M.; 12938, I. U. M., thirty, 52–116 mm., Boca de Certegui. Eigen- Iſla, Illſl. - 5372 a-g, C. M.; 13061, I. U. M, eighty-three largest 117 mm., Truando. Wilson. 3840 a-ac, C. M.; 15032, I. U. M., type (3840 a., C. M.) and paratypes, several hundred, largest 130 mm., Quibdo. Wilson. * - - This species confined, as far as known, to the Atrato Basin, is also a statistical species. It differs from R. occidentalis and R. hildebrandi in the larger scales, from R. magdalenae and R. caucas in the larger number of anal rays. Head 3.75-4; depth 2.2–24; D. 11; A. 47–56, usually 49–51. 259. Roeboides dayi (Steindachner). * . Anacyrtus (Rhaeboides) dayū STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 61 (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 80 (lower Cauca). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. - * 164: - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 5211 a-c, C. M.; 12955, I. U. M., many, largest 80 mm., Calamar Cienega. Eigen- Iſla,Illſl. This is the largest scaled species of the genus Roeboides in Colombia. It is so far known only from cienegas near the mouth of the Magdalena. The specimens collected are all rather small. It is very close to R. meeki from the Atrato. Head very little less than 4; depth 2.6–2.7; D. 11; A. 46–52, usually 48 or 49; scales 57–65, most frequently 61–64; naked area at lower angle of cheek 2–3 in the width of the interorbital; lateral spot conspicuous. GILBERTOLUS Eigenmann. Gilbertella (preoccupied) EIGENMANN, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. Quart., 45, 1904, p. 147 (alatus). Gilbertolus EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIII, 1907, p. 3, substituted for Gilbertella erroneously spelled Gilbertollus in Reports Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 1910, p. 445. Type: Anacyrtus (Raestes) alatus Steindachner. 260. Gilbertolus alatus (Steindachner). (Plate XXVI, fig. 1.) Anacyrtus (Raestes) alatus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 65 (Lower Magdalena). Raestes alatus EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 57. - Habitat: Magdalena and Atrato Basins. Of this aberrant species, hitherto known from a specimen 120 mm. long, we have: 5380 a-j, C. M.; 13072, I. U. M., many, largest 145 mm., Quibdo. Wilson. Head 4.5–4.8; depth about 3; D. 11; A. usually 49 or 50, more rarely 48 or 52; scales 15–68 to 72–12; eye .5–.6 in the snout, 2.5–2.66 in the head; interorbital a little less than the snout; gill-rakers 7 to 9 + 17; mouth very oblique; maxillary reaching to suture between second and third suborbitals; the distance from snout to end of maxillary equal to the distance from snout to posterior margin of the eye; one-half or two-fifths of the cheeks naked; lower jaw with two minute teeth in front, the first one withdrawn from the line, these followed by two canines of which the second is by far the larger, nine conical teeth on the sides, of which the first is much smaller than the next four, which diminish but little, the remaining four rapidly diminishing in size; presumably with a canine a little smaller than the anterior one in the lower jaw, followed by a series of nine conical teeth of which the first four diminish rapidly, the next four increase in size backward (the last EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 165 three of these sometimes nearly equal in size) and the last two again diminish; maxillary with teeth (42 in one) along its entire margin. Profile depressed over the eyes, gently arched to the dorsal; ventral profile from chin to anal a section of a circle, the diameter of which is about equal to the distance between snout and dorsal; dorsal small, pointed, its height about equal to the length of the head less half an orbit, its origin equidistant between base of caudal and a point near posterior margin of the eye, equidistant with the eighth anal ray from the base of the caudal; adipose fin short and high; caudal forked, the lobes nearly equal to the distance between snout and pectoral; anal with a nearly straight margin, its highest rays three times as long as the last, equal to the head without the opercle, origin of the anal nearly equidistant between snout and middle caudal rays; ventrals small, one and a half times the length of the eye or less, reaching the Origin of the anal; pectoral very large, reaching past origin of the anal, its margin meeting below the ventral surface, when depressed to a distance about equal to the head. Scales thin, adherent, with a few divergent radials; a narrow sheath of scales at bases of caudal and anal. Silvery, a large conspicuous spot on the end of the caudal peduncle, disap- pearing with age. . Subfamily ACESTRORHAMPHINAE. ACESTROCEPHALUS Eigenmann. Acestrocephalus EIGENMANN, Reports Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 1910, p. 447. Type: Xiphorhamphus anomalus Steindachner. 261. Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachner). (Plate XXVI, figs. 2 and 2d.) Yiphorhamphus anomalus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 84 (Cauca near Caceres); EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 16, Dec. 23, 1912, p. 21. - Of this species previously known only from the type, 185 mm. long, I secured only Small specimens, which are as follows: * 5043 a-f, C. M.; 12837, I. U. M., twenty-three, largest 110 mm., Girardot. 5044 a-f, C. M.; 12838, I. U. M., eleven, largest 70 mm., Peñas Blancas. 5045, C. M., one, 53 mm., Honda. sº 12839, I. U. M., forty, largest 100 mm., Apulo, Habitat: Magdalena Basin. 166 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Head 3.66; depth 4.2; D. 11; A. 35; scales about 11–75–9; eye a little less than snout, 3.6 in the head, 1 in the interorbital. Long and slender, the snout pointed; no depressions or humps in the profile; postventral area more or less compressed, the preventral area broadly rounded; dorsal areas rounded; no distinct median series of scales on back or belly. Lower jaw included, maxillary extending to below posterior margin of eye or further; fontanels well developed, narrow; third suborbital leaving a very wide naked area below, which gradually narrows upward. Many (thirty-three) flat, triangular, recurved teeth on the maxillary; premaxillary with four canines, the first and last in a line with the irregular series of conical teeth, the second and third within the outer series (forming a second series); four teeth between the first and second canines, three between the second and third, and two between the third and fourth, the first canine the largest; about nine small, conical teeth in the series behind the two anterior canines, twenty-five or more in the series following the third canine; three canines of the lower jaw about equal to the largest of the upper jaw, the third one in a line with a series of small, conical teeth, those in front of the canine separated from it by an interspace and smaller than those behind it which are retrorse; the two anterior canines form a second series in front of the second series of minute, inner teeth. All the teeth conical. Palatines with a sharp ridge, but without teeth. Gill-rakers very few, 2 + 4, no rakers on the upper three-fourths of the upper arch or the anterior half of the lower arch. Dorsal pointed, equal to head less opercle, its origin a little in advance of the middle; caudal about as long as the head; anal basis long, its margin nearly straight, its origin equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and some part of the eye. Ventrals not reaching the anal, pectorals to the ventrals. Scales regularly placed, their exposed surfaces with many spinules; fins naked, except a series of scales well separated from the scales of the sides along base of anterior half of the anal; axillary scale well developed. Lateral line but slightly decurved, complete. A narrow silvery band ending in a dark spot on the base of the caudal. Subfamily HYDROCYNINAE.” CTENOLUCIUs Gill. Ctenolucinus GILL, Senate Doc. 9, 20 sess., 36th Cong., VII, Pt. 1, 1861, p. 258 (nomen nudum). ſº * From Maracaibo is recorded Hydrocynus hujeta (Xiphostoma hujeta Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XXII, 1848, p. 358). Is this C. insculptus? EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 167 Ctenolucius GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1861, Suppl. p. 8. Luciocharaa STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 67, plate XIII, fig. 2 and 2b (insculptus). Belonocharaa, Fowl ER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 464 (beani). There are apparently two species of this genus in Colombia. One of them is found in the Magdalena Basin, the other occurs in the San Juan, Mamoni and Tuyra Basins, and in the Atrato Basin. Specimens of the species in the Magdalena Basin vary considerably and the difference between the two species is slight. They may be distinguished by the following characters: KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CTENOLUCIUs. a. Steel-blue above, a variable area white below, the two colors gradually shading into each other; sometimes, when the dark color extends far down on the sides, there is a light spot on each scale of the sides; lateral line 42–48 ; 17–28 scales with pores. . . . . * e º ſº e s & tº e insculptus Steindachner. aa. Steel-blue above, white below, sides with dark lateral bands between the rows of scales, becoming fainter downward, light bands along the middle of the rows of scales becoming fainter upward; lateral line 47–51; 27–39 scales with pores. . . . . . . . . . . . s = • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * beani Fowler. 262. Ctenolucius insculptus (Steindachner). (Plate XXVI, fig. 5.) Luciocharaw insculptus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr, Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 67, plate XIII, figs, 2 and 2b (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 85 (Cauca near Caceres). Habitat: A variable species, abundant in the Digue and extending for nearly eight hundred miles up the Magdalena to Girardot. - SPECIMENS ExAMINED. . No. of Length in mm. to Catalog Numbers. Specimens. Base of Caudal. Locality. Collector. 4876 a-i, C. M.; 12717 a-i, I. U. M. . . . . .83 Largest 211 Soplaviento Eigenmann 4877 a-d, C. M.; 12718 a-d, I. U. M. . . . . . 14 Largest 214 Calamar { { 4878 a-c, C. M.; 12719 a-c, I. U. M. . . . . . 6 Largest 179 Bernal Creek { { 4879 a-b, C. M.; 12720 a, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 3 Largest 137 Girardot ( { 12721, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Apulo Gonzales 51974, U. of Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 35 Marsh at Fundación A. S. Pearse Head 3; depth 6.2–6.8; eye 7.4–8; the ratio of the snout to the postorbital part of the head differs. In the specimens from Soplaviento and Calamar it is as 61 : 57; in those from Bernal Creek as 61 : 51. The interorbital in those from the lower Magdalena is one-fifth of the length of the head, in those from Honda and Girardot, one-sixth. 168 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Number of Scales. Number of Specimens, Having Given Number | of Scales, from 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Soplaviento. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 3 Calamar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 & e º e º 'º e ſ is dº º is e º & 3 2 Bernal Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1 Girardot. . . . . . . . . . . . . • * s e º & e e g º g g g g g | * * * * * * * . . . . . . . tº e º sº º 'º $ & & g e º 'º º 1 1 1. | 263. Ctenolucius beani (Fowler). (Plate XXVI, figs. 3 and 4.) Luciocharaac insculptus STEINDACHNER (part), Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 169 (Mamoni). - Belonocharaac beami FowlFR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 464 (Truando, tributary of the Atrato). Luciocharaa beani MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 302 (Pacific slope of Panama). Ctenolucius hujeta (non Valenciennes) BEAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXIII, 1908, p. 701 (Truando). - - Luciocharaw striatus BoulBNGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), VII, p. 212, Feb. 1911 (Boca de Calima, Choco). - Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama; Atrato and San Juan Basins. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length in mm. to Catalog Numbers. Specimens. Base of Caudal. Locality. Collector. 4873 a-c, C. M.; 12715 a-c, I. U. M. . . . . . 12 Largest 260 Puerto Negria, Eigenmann San Juan Basin 4874, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Istmina, San Juan ( (. 13909, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 220–231 Istmina, San Juan Wilson 13052, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 85–240 Managru, Atrato & 4 - - - Basin - 4875 a., C. M.; 12716 a, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 2 327–260 Rio Sucio, Atrato Eigenmann 13051, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Many Largest (at I. U.) Truando, Atrato Wilson 335 14004, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 220–320 Rio Calobre, Meek and Panama Hildebrand Head 3; depth 6.3; eye 7.3 in head on an average; snout to postorbital part of head as 61 : 55; of those examined two have 47 scales, one has 48, four have 49, five have 50, one has 51. The interorbital is on an average two-elevenths of the length of the head. I am not able to detect differences which might be considered specific between specimens from the San Juan (striatus) and specimens from Rio Sucio (beani). EIGENMANN FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 169 The specimen described by Fowler is one of those on which Gill in 1861 based the genus Ctenolucius. & Subfamily ERYTHRININAE. HOPLIAS Gill. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HOPLIAs. a. Eleven series of scales across the back of the tail from one lateral line to the other. Lateral line 43–47; D. 13–15; A. 9.5—10.5; sides mottled with light and dark brown... microlepis (Günther). aa. Nine series of scales across the back of the tail from one lateral line to the other. Lateral line 39–44; D. 12–15; A. 10–11. Sides plain or mottled; young usually with a dark lateral band. - malabaricus (Bloch). 264. Hoplias microlepis (Günther). “Juanchiche.” Macrodon microlepis Günth ER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., W, 1864, p. 282 (Chagres River and Western Ecuador); EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), II, 1888, p. 102 (Obispo, Rio Chagres); EIGENMANN, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1889, p. 102; BoulPNGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, p. 1 (Rio Daule, and Rio Vinces, Western Ecuador). Macrodon trahira microlepis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 101 (Guayaquil). Hoplias microlepis STARKs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, 1906, p. 772 (Guayaquil); REGAN, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Pisces, 1907, p. 167, plate XXVII, fig. 1; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 303 (all streams on both slopes of Panama, except the Tuyra Basin). Regan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32) records this species from the Rio Condoto, San Juan Basin. I examined a large series of specimens of Hoplias from the San Juan Basin and all of these were H. malabaricus. Dr. Regan has kindly reëxamined his specimens and informs me that they should also be referred to H. malabaricus. - Habitat: This species has a unique distribution, being found on the Pacific slope of southern Ecuador and on both slopes of Central Panama, but not on the Pacific slope between these points. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. No. of Length of Catalog Numbers. Specimens. Largest in mm. Locality. Collector. 5549, C. M.; 13446, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 10 340 Vinces, Ecuador Henn 5550, C. M.; 13447, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 15 312 Colimes, Ecuador { { 13448, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 194 Chone, Ecuador + { { 5551, C. M.; 13449, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 2 354 Rio Chanchan, Ecuador { { 5552, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . '• - - - - - - - - - 19 270 Guayaquil Market, Ecuador { { 14002, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Rio Gatun at Gaun, Panama Meek and Hildebrand 170 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Lateral line 43/5, 44/12, 45/5, 47/2; D. 13/3, 14/19, 15/2;* A. 10. In all specimens there are eleven scales from lateral line to lateral line across the back of the caudal peduncle. . 265. Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch). For a full account of the synonymy and bibliography of this species, see Eigen- mann and Eigenmann, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 2d Ser, 2, 1888, p. 102. The refer- ences to the area under consideration are: - - e Macrodon trahira STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 47 (Rio Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 66 (Cauca near Caceres). Hoplias malabaricus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 305 (Tuyra Basin). & Hoplias microlepis (non Günther) REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32 (Rio Condoto). - - - Habitat: Tuyra to Patia Rivers on the Pacific slope; and from the Atrato to Buenos Aires on the Atlantic slope. - SPECIMENS ExAMINED. a. From the Magdalena Basin. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5174 a-f, C. M.; 12921, I. U. M. . . . . . . 13 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5175 a, C. M.; 12922, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 2 Calamar Cienega - { { 5178 a-b, C. M.; 12924, I. U. M. . . . . . . 3 Calamar ( & 12925, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Puerto del Rio Gonzales 5177 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bernal Creek, Honda Eigenmann 12926 a, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Apulo Gonzales. b. From the Atrato Basin. - 5176 a-c, C. M.; 12923, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 4 Rio Sucio Eigenmann 5555, C. M.; 13471, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 61 82—339 Truando Wilson 5557, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 146 Quibdo { { 5554, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 96–154 Managru “. 5553, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 36–119 Raspadura & 4 c. From the San Juan Basin. * 13975, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1* head, 131 Mouth of R. Munguido Henn 5179 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Istmina Eigenmann 13452, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 71 Tado - Wilson 5173 a-c, C. M.; 12920, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 6 Puerto Negria - Eigenmann 13454, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 167—225 Small creek near Rio Henn Calima * The denominators indicate the number of specimens examined. * The stomach of this specimen contained a Rhamdia, the head of which was 72 mm. long. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 171 d. From the Patia Basim. 5558, C. M.; 13455, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 5 222–266 Laguna of Rio Patia, near Henn & - - mouth of Magui 13456, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Patia River between the & 4 mouths of the Magui and Telembi e. From East of the Eastern Cordilleras. 13453, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 177 and Barrigón, Rio Meta Gonzales - - . head, 94 Lateral line 39/3, 40/7, 41/7, 42/10, 43/6, 44/1; D. 12/1, 13/2, 14/27, 15/3 * The specimens of Hoplias from the Patia, San Juan, and Atrato Basins all have nine scales from lateral line to lateral line on the caudal peduncle and accordingly are H. malabaricus. - Family XI. GYMNOTIDAE. Ellis (Mem. Carnegie Mus., VI, 1913, pp. 109–195, plates XV-XXIII) gives a detailed account of the known distribution, synonomy, and bibliography of the Gymnotidae. It appears that four species of this family, Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch and Schneider), Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes), and Hypopomus brevirostris (Steindachner), have been recorded from the area under consideration and from Central America to the north of it. These four species are more widely distributed than any other Gymnotids. They are the only species found in the Rio São Francisco and they are all found in the Orinoco River, or in Guiana, in the Amazon, in Uruguay, or Southeastern Brazil, and in the La Plata Basin. The Gymnotidae of transandean Colombia and Ecuador were reported upon in a preliminary paper by Eigenmann and Fisher in the Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914, pp. 235–237. The specimens there reported upon are again listed here. 266. Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus. Gymnotus carapo REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 466 (Condoto); EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914, p. 237; MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 307. (Not taken in Panama.) 5606 a-b, C. M.; 13385, I. U. M., four, 142–306 mm. Small creek near mouth of Rio Calima, San Juan Basin. Henn. - w - 5607 a-b, C. M.; 13386, I. U. M., four, 75–184 mm., Truando, Atrato Basin. Wilson. Habitat: Rivers and lakes of Guatemala on both slopes; Atrato and San Juan * The denominators indicate the number of specimens examined. 172 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Basins. East of the Andes this species extends to the Rio São Francisco and the Rio de la Plata. It is the most widely distributed Gymnotid and the one reaching furthest north. It has not been taken in Panama. 267. Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch and Schneider). (Plate XXXV, figs, 6–9.) “Vio.” Sternopygus macrurus ELLIS, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VI, 1913, p. 121, fig. 3 (Full synonymy and distribution); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914 (Rio Condoto); EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914, p. 237 (Magdalena, Atrato, San Juan, Dagua and Patia Basins). Gymnotus aequilabiatus HUMBOLDT, Rec. d’Obs. Zoël. Anat. Comp., I, 1805, p. 46, plate X. Sternopygus aequilabiatus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 69, plate XTV, fig. 1 (Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 88 (Cauca and Guayaquil); BOULENGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898 (Rio Guayas); STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXII, 1902, p. 59 (Rio Magdalena at Barranquilla); STARKs, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, 1906, p. 777 (Guayaquil); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 466 (Rio Condoto). . Habitat: Rios São Francisco and Paraguay to the Atrato and Guayaquil. The largest specimen from our area measures 700 mm., and is from the market at Guayaquil. Catalog Numbers SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Specimens. 13397, I. U. M.; 5614 a-d, C. M. . . . . . . . . . 13391, I. U. M.; 5615 a., C. M. . 5621 a-f, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * g & & e º 'º gº e 5617 a-b, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. : 13398, I. U. M.; 5618 a-c, C. M. 5609 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13393, I. - 13387, I. U. M.; 5611 a-e, C. M. 13388, I. U. M.; 5612 a-c, C. M. 13389, I. U. M.; 5610 a-c, C. M. 13390, I. U. M.; 5613 a-c, C. M. 5608 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & a $ tº e s & e g º º * * * * * * * * * * * U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13395, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº & 9 s tº sº e º s gº & 13392, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13396, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13394, I. U. M.; 5614 a-e, C. M. Length in mm. 72 188–453 443–471 484–531 271–311 121–399 111 71— 74 264 59–306 29–251 143—266 204–499 191 288 234–251 282–800 Locality. Villavicencio Soplaviento Calamar Puerto del Rio Apulo Cartago Cauca at Cali Managru Raspadura Small creek near mouth of Rio Calima Rio Calima near Boca del Guineo Istmina San Juan at mouth of Rio Munguido Cordova. Rio Magui Rio Telembi Guayaquil Markét Collector. Gonzales Eigenmann ( & Gonzales { { Eigenmann { { Wilson { { Henn { % Eigenmann Henn Eigenmann Henn Henn and Wilson Henn EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 173 This species, the only one found in western Ecuador, reaches such a large size at Guayaquil that this physiological variety might well be named maximus. 268. Sternopygus dariensis Meek and Hildebrand. Stermopygus dariensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 309, plate XXVI (Marrigante, Rio Tuyra). - Differs from S. macrurus “in the slightly concave profile of head, more slender snout, smaller eye, narrower interorbital, in the shorter and much heavier tail, and in the slightly more posterior position of the vent.” Mr. Hildebrand has kindly prepared the following comparison between S. macrurus and S. dariensis. Stermopygus macrurus Stermopygus dariensis. Upper profile of head convex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Upper profile of head straight, or slightly con- cave; snout more slender. Eye comparatively large, 3.5 in snout in a specimen 360 Eye smaller, 5.7 in snout in specimen of same mm. in length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length. Tail beyond anal very slender, notably longer than head, Tail beyond anal rather robust, varying in only slightly compressed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . length but rarely much longer than head. strongly compressed. Interorbital 3 to 4 in head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interorbital 4.85 to 6.66. Went one and one-half times to twice diameter of eye Went three or four times diameter of eye behind vertical from posterior margin of eye. . . . . . . . . . . behind vertical from eye. EIGENMANNIA Jordan and Evermann. 269. Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes). Eigenmannia wirescens ELLIS, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VI, 1913, p. 127 (Full synonymy, bibliography, etc.); EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914 (Magdalena Basin at Calamar, Soplaviento, Cartago, Puerto del Rio, Apulo); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 311 (Marrigante, Rio Tuyra). Stermopygus humboldtii STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 71, plate XIV (Magdalena); ibid., XLI, 1879, p. 169 (Mamoni R. at Chepo); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 88 (Cauca near Caceres); ibid., LXXII, 1902, p. 147 (Barranquilla on Magdalena). - Habitat: Rio Mamoni and R. Tuyra, Panama; Rio Magdalena to Buenos Aires and Rio São Francisco. - 174 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 13399, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 242 & 414 Barbacoas Henn and - - Wilson 13400, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 219 & 385 Rio Magui Henn 13401, I. U. M. . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * a e s s 1 224 Boca del Certegui Wilson 13402, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 145 Managru “ 5620 a-j, C. M.; 13403, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 87 76–270 Calamar Eigenmann 5625 a-g, C. M.; 13404, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 11 102–289 Puerto del Rio Gonzales 5623 a, C. M.; 13405, I. U. M. . . . . . . ** * * * * 2 207 & 236 Apulo { { 5624 a, C. M.; 13406, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 2 185 & 222 Girardot Eigenmann 5622 a-o, C. M.; 13407, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 136 46–277 Soplaviento { { 13408, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 241 & 270 Patia between Magui Henn and Telembi HYPOPOMUS Gill. 270. Hypopomus brevirostris (Steindachner). Rhamphichthys brevirostris STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 89 (Cauca near Caceres). - Hypopomºus brevirostris ELLIS, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VI, 1913, p. 134 (full bibliog- raphy); EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914, p. 236 (Magdalena, Atrato and San Juan Basins); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 310 (Rio Chagres Basin; Rio Bayano Basin). . - - Habitat: Atlantic and Pacific sides of Panama, Atrato, San Juan and Magda- lena Basins, South to Paraguay. e : SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. - Collector. 5601 a-e, C. M.; 13380, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 10 86–145 Soplaviento Eigenmann 5599 a-c, C. M.; 13381, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 6 83–162 Managru Wilson 5600 a-b, C. M.; 13382, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 5 82–128 Truando ( (... 5604 a-b, C. M.; 13383, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 5 50–168 Small creek near mouth Henn - - of Rio Calima 5602 a-b, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 90 and 98 Raspadura Wilson 5603 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * 1 91 Quibdo & 4 5605 a., C. M.; 13384, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 3 50–168 Rio Calima near Boca Henn . del Guineo There is considerable variation in the specimens of Hypopomus and it is possible that different species or varieties should be recognized. The specimens from Soplaviento have short, more or less vermiculating, dark markings on the anterior abdominal part of the body; behind this area there are dark cross-bars, or only a few spots, which are most pronounced on the back. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 175 In the specimens from Managru there are pronounced dark cross-bars, wider than the interspaces, on the upper half of the anterior third, sometimes broken along the sides with the lower halves of the bars shifted backward. These recall the markings of H. arted. The specimens from Truando are marked with narrower bars, which are broken up into spots below and on the tail. - In specimens from the Rio Calima the bars are replaced by Small spots, some- times irregularly placed, sometimes elongate and following the general trend of the bars, where these are developed. These probably represent the following species (No. 271). - 271. Hypopomus occidentalis Regan. Hypopomus occidentalis REGAN, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist, (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32 (Rio Condoto). This species is known only from the original description. STERNARCHUS Bloch and Schneider. REY TO THE SPECIES OF STERNARCHUs. a. Eye in middle of head; head 5.16; depth 7.8; A. 158; anus nearer upper angle of pectoral than to angle of gape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . leptorhynchus Ellis. aa. Eye in middle of head in adult, somewhat in advance of it in smaller specimens; head 5.3–6.5 in the length; A. 151–175; anus much nearer upper angle of pectoral than to snout in a large Specimen (13377, I. U. M.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rostratus Meek and Hildebrand. aao. Eye far in advance of the middle of the head; head 6.3–7.1 in the length to end of the anal; depth 6.33; A. 173–176; anus equidistant from snout and center of opercle (in 13375, I. U. M.). mariae Eigenmann. aaaa. Eye far in advance of the middle of the head; head 6–6.5 in the length to end of the anal; depth 7–8; A. 164–178. . . . . . . . . .* a s - ºr º e s s - e. e. e º e º a s tº a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . spurrelli Regan. 272. Sternarchus leptorhynchus Ellis. (Plate XXXV, fig. 1.) Sternarchus leptorhynchus ELLIS, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VI, 1913, p. 147, plate XXII, fig. 4 (Amatuk and Warraputa, British Guiana); EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914, p. 236 (Mouth of Rio Calima, San Juan Basin; Cordova, Rio Dagua). 5593 a, C. M., one, 130 mm. Small creek near mouth of Rio Calima. 13374, I. U. M., one, 209 mm. Cordova. Eigenmann. Center of eye in middle of head; snout long; gape very long; anus under vertical limb of preopercle. - In No. 13374 I. U. M., the depth of the head at the anus is about equal to half its length; the eye is in the center of the head, the snout being equal to the post- 176 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. orbital part of the head; the gape is long; the anus is nearer the upper angle of the pectoral than to the angle of the gape and is below the vertical edge of the preopercle. - 273. Sternarchus rostratus Meek and Hildebrand. (Plate XXXIV, fig. 5; plate XXXV, figs. 3, 4 and 5.) - Sternarchus rostratus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 83 (Rio Grande near Cana, Tuyra Basin); ibid., X, 1916, p. 312, plate XXVII; EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, 1914, p. 236 (Magdalena Basin). Habitat: Magdalena and Tuyra Basins. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5595 a-c, C. M.; 13376, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 179–218 Girardot Eigenmann 5596 a, C. M.; 13377, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 203 and 204 Apulo Gonzales 5597 a-d, C. M.; 13378, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 8 94–182 Cartago Eigenmann 5598 a-c, C. M.; 13379, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 5 119—155 Cauca at Cali { { Head 5.3–6.5 in length to end of the anal; depth 1.1–1.3 in the length of the head; A. 151–175; snout 2.3–2.7 in the length of the head; eye 3–6.1 in the inter- orbital, 4–11.5 in the snout; 9–21 in the length of the head, depending on the age; width of head 2–2.7 in the depth. - Evenly dotted or marbled, somewhat darker dorsally, a narrow light stripe along the median dorsal line from the end of the snout, disappearing on the posterior fourth of the body. • . In No. 13377, I. U. M., the depth of the head at the anus is a little more than half its length; the posterior margin of the eye is in the center of the head; the gape is long; the anus is much nearer the upper angle of the pectoral than the snout, or below a point about two and one half orbital diameters behind the eye. 274. Sternarchus mariae” Eigenmann and Fisher. (Plate XXXIV, fig. 6; plate XXXV, fig. 2.) Sternarchus maria, EIGENMANN and FISHER, Indiana University Studies No. 25, Sept. 5, 1914, p. 236. - 5594 a, C. M., type, 201 mm., Girardot. Eigenmann. 13375, I. U. M., paratype, 273 mm., Apulo. Gonzales. Head 7.1 in type (6.3 in paratype) in the length to the end of the anal; depth * Named for Brother Apolinar Maria, Director of the Natural History Museum of Bogotá. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 177 of head at the occiput 1.25 in its length in the paratype; depth 7 in the length, 6.33 to end of anal; anal rays one hundred and seventy-three in type (one hundred and seventy-six in paratype); snout 2.7 in type (2.6 in paratype) in the length of the head; eye far in advance of the middle of the head, 5.5 in type (5.7 in paratype) in the interorbital; width of head 2.4 in type (2.5 in paratype) in the depth. Profile of snout sharply decurved; gape reaching to vertical from the eye; ground-color light buff, body closely pigmented with minute dark chromatophores which are much more abundant dorsally. An interrupted whitish streak along the median dorsal line from the end of the snout to the base of the caudal. Easily recognized by the very short snout and gape. In No. 13375, I. U. M., the depth of the head at the anus is much more than half its length; the center of the head falls an orbital diameter behind the eye; the gape is very short; the anus is equidistant from the snout and the middle of the opercle, and is below a point but little behind the middle of the head. 275. Sternarchus spurrelli Regan. Sternarchus spurrellii REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 32 (Rio Condoto) four specimens, the largest 180 mm. - Habitat: Rio San Juan. - This species is known only from the original description. It seems to be similar to S. mariae and may be identical with it, but without a specimen or a figure it is difficult to determine its direct relationships. Order SYMBRANCHIA. Family XII, SYMBRANCHIDAE. SYMBRANCHUS Bloch. 276. Symbranchus marmoratus Bloch. Symbranchus marmoratus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1914, p. 473 (Rio Condoto). . . 7526 a-b, C. M., three, 445, 470, and 620 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. I have also examined specimens in the collection of the University of Michigan as follows: two, 120–135 mm. long, from the Gaira River at Gaira, Colombia, collected by Dr. A. G. Ruthven; three, 67–98 mm. long, collected in the Tamocal River at San Lorenzo and the Manzanares River at Santa Marta and Mamatoco by Dr. A. S. Pearse. - - This is the most widely distributed fresh-water fish of South America. 178 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Order APODES. Family XIII. ANGUILLIDAE. ANGUILLA Shaw. . 277. Anguilla chrysypa Rafinesque. 51987, University of Michigan, one, 118 mm., Gaira River at Gaira, Colombia. A. G. Ruthven. - - The common eel of North America has been known to enter various West Indian rivers. As far as I am aware, this is the first South American record. Meek and Hildebrand obtained a specimen in the Rió Chagres. - Order ISOSPONDYLI. Family XIV. CLUPEIDAE. LILE Jordan and Evermann. 278. Lile stolifera (Jordan and Gilbert). Lile stolifera REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIX, 1917, p. 393. 7490 a-f, C. M.; 13874, I. U. M., thirteen, largest 100 mm., Mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigenmann.’ 7494 a-f, C. M.; 13879, I. U. M., many, largest 100 mm., Tumaco. Henn and Wilson. - - This species was also recorded by Boulenger (Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIV, 1899) from Guayaquil. - Family XV. ENGRAULIDAE STOLEPHORUS Lacépède. 279. •. Stolephorus lucidus Jordan and Gilbert. 7488 a-j, C. M.; 13872, I. U. M., many specimens, the largest 85 mm. Chone, Province Manabi, Ecuador. Henn. - 7489 a-o, C. M.; 13873, I. U. M., thirty, largest 76 mm. Mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. . - - Head 3.75; depth 4.25 uniformly; D. 13 or 14; A. 28–30; scales about thirty- four; sixteen rakers on the upper part, twenty on the lower part of the first gill- arch; maxillary reaching a little beyond mandible, not to the gill-opening; margin of caudal dusky. EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. . 179 280. Stolephorus branchiomelas Eigenmann. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 1.) Stolephorus branchiomelas EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, p. 682 (Mouth of Rio Dagua, and Tumaco, Colombia). - The original description is supplemented by the figure appearing in this volume. 281. Stolephorus poeyi (Kner and Steindachner). Engraulis poeyi KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., X, 1864, p. 23, plate III, fig. 3 (Rio Bayano). - ANCHOVIA Jordan and Evermann. 282. Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner and Steindachner). Engraulis macrolepidotus KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., X, 1864, p. 21, plate III, fig. 2 (Rio Bayano, Panama). . Family XVI. ELOPIDAE. TARPON Jordan and Evermann. 283. Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Megalops thrissoides STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 69 (Magdalena). - 5016, C. M., about 500 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 5017, 5018, C. M.; 12817, I. U. M., three, the largest about 530 mm., Calamar Cienega. Eigenmann. - - The tarpon ascends the Magdalena and probably other streams for many miles. While I was in the “Cienega” near Calamar, a fisherman threw in a few rocks at a certain spot to attract the fishes and then threw in his casting net, securing five tarpons in the One cast. Order MICROCYPRINI. Family XVII. POECILIIDAE. This family reaches its optimum north of the area under consideration and there are more species in Panama (nine) than at any point in Colombia. There are but four species in the San Juan Basin, only two closely related species in Ecuador, and only Rivulus peruanus and several species of Orestias in Peru. Pseudopoecilia, Diphyacanthus, and Neoheterandria are genera peculiar to our area. Only Rivulus, distributed from Paraguay to the United States, connects this area with the south. The genera Gambusia, Priapichthys, Poeciliopsis, and Mol- lienisia find their southern limit in this area. - 180 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. For a detailed account of the species of Panama including their bibliography, see Meek and Hildebrand, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, pp. 313–332. Henn (Annals Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, pp. 93–142) likewise has given an account of the species from our expeditions to Colombia and Ecuador. The present account of the Poeciliidae is in general limited to a list of the species with references to these papers, and figures of the species already described, but not heretofore figured. - - º GAMBUSIA Poey. 284. Gambusia nicaraguensis Günther. Gambusia nicaraguensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 316, fig. 4 (Brackish water, Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Panama). - Habitat: Southern Mexico to Panama. 285. Gambusia episcopi Steindachner. Gambusid episcopi MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 317, fig. 5 (Panama north of the Rio Bayano, on both slopes). Habitat: Central Panama on both slopes. - - - 286. Gambusia cascajalensis Meek and Hildebrand. Gambusia cascajalensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 318 (Rio Cascajal, Porto Bello, Panama). Habitat: Panama north of the Rio Bayano, on both slopes. 287. Gambusia caliensis Eigenmann and Henn. (Plate XXVII, fig. 5.) Gambusia caliensis EIGENMANN and HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 113 (Cali). . - Habitat: Cauca Basin. PRIAPICHTHYs Regan. 288. Priapichthys nigroventralis (Eigenmann and Henn). Gambusia nigroventralis EIGENMANN and HENN, Indiana University Studies No. 16, 1912, p. 26 (Rio San Juan at Istmina). Priapichthys nigroventralis REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soe, London, 1913, p. 992; HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 115, fig. 3 (Istmina, Tambo, Managru, Quibdo, Raspadura, Rio Calima). Gambusia caudovittata REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 471 (Rio Condoto, San Juan Basin); Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1913, p. 986. IEIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 181 Habitat: Atrato and San Juan Basins. - - Head 4.5–4.8; depth at origin of dorsal 4.5–5; depth of caudal peduncle about 6 in length to base of caudal and about 1.3 in head. Eye 2.2–2.5 in head; equal to interorbital width. Snout short and blunt, lower jaw not extending beyond upper; snout 1.5 in eye. Body depressed, profile arched. - D. 9; A. 9; P. 7; W. 6; scales twenty-nine to thirty in lateral series; eight in transverse series. - - Origin of dorsal slightly in advance of the middle of the entire length, slightly posterior to origin of anal. Ventral rays graduated, outer ones longest, barely reaching the vent. In males the anal is a pointed sword-shaped organ, arising at the anterior third of the entire length. Its length is about 2.45 in the entire length of the fish. - - 289. Priapichthys tridentiger (Garman). Priapichthys tridentiger MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 320, fig. 6 (Panama). - Habitat: Both slopes of Panama, not in the Rio Tuyra. 290. Priapichthys tridentiger canus (Meek and Hildebrand). Priapichthys tridentiger cana MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., - Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 321 (Rio Satiganti). Habitat: Tuyra Basin of Panama. 291. Priapichthys dariensis (Meek and Hildebrand). Priapichthys dariensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 321, fig. 7 (Rio Juan Diaz, Rio Bayano and Rio Tuyra). Habitat: Panama. • 292. Priapichthys panamensis Meek and Hildebrand. Priapichthys panamensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 322, fig. 8 (Rio Chame and Chame Point). Habitat: Pacific side of Panama. - POECILIOPSIS Regan. 293. Poeciliopsis elongata (Günther). Poeciliopsis elongatus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 324 (Brackish water near city of Panama). - Habitat: Pacific coast of Panama. . & 182 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. >{ 294, Poeciliopsis colombiana (Eigenmann and Henn). (Plate XXVII, figs. 8 and 9.) Heterandria colombianus EIGENMANN and HENN, Indiana University Studies, No. 16, 1912, p. 27 (Rio Dagua); REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1913, p. 996. Poeciliopsis colombianus HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 120. Habitat: Rio Dagua, Colombia. - Head 4.25–4.5; depth at origin of anal 3.5; depth of caudal peduncle 5.1-5.6 in length to base of caudal; caudal peduncle 1.2 in head. Eye 3 in head, inter- Orbital width 3. D. 8; A. 9; W. 6; scales twenty-seven to twenty-nine in a longitudinal series; eight in transverse series. Body slightly robust; snout broad and chin steep; profile oblique. Origin of the dorsal over last rays of the anal. In the single male, the anal fin is modified into a narrow sword-like organ, without hooks, 1.6 times the length of the head. The distance from the tip of the snout to the origin of the dorsal (in females) is equal to that from the origin of the anal to the end of the middle rays of the caudal. Pectorals reach over middle of ventrals; the latter do not quite reach the vent. Caudal subtruncate or slightly rounded. - General color in spirits olivaceous, belly yellowish. All fins are without color or pigment. Starting about the distance of the eye back of the origin of the pectoral is a series of six or seven vertical streaks or narrow dark bars. Two series of narrow spike-like teeth. The anal of the male of this species exactly resembles that of Heterandria pleurospilus (Günther) of Guatemala and of H. lutzi Meek of Mexico. None of the females are pregnant. 295. Poeciliopsis isthmensis Regan. Poeciliopsis isthmensis REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1913, p. 997 (Colon); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 325 (not taken). - Habitat: Atlantic side of Panama. MOLLIENISIA Le Sueur. 296. Mollienisia sphenops (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Mollienisia sphenops MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 326, fig. 10 (both slopes of Panama); HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 136 (Cartagena; Rio Manzanares; Santa Marta, Colombia). Habitat: Both coasts of Panama north of the Rio Tuyra and northern Colombia. - - - } EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 183 297. Mollienisia caucana (Steindachner). (Plate XXVII, figs. 1, 2 and 3.) Mollienisia caucana HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 136, fig. 16 (Calamar and Fundación, Colombia); |MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 329 (Aruza and Cituro, Tuyra Basin). Habitat: Magdalena and Tuyra Basins. RIVULUs Poey. 298. Rivulus peruanus Regan. Haplochilus peruanus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XII, 1903, p. 626 (Perim, Peru, 800 meters). Rivulus peruanus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), X, 1912, p. 496. - I do not know whether Perim is on the Pacific or on the Atlantic slope of Peru. 299. Rivulus brunneus Meek and Hildebrand. Rivulus brunneus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 331 (upper course of a small creek at Toro Point). Habitat: Atlantic slope of Panama. 300. Rivulus elegans Steindachner. (Plate XXVII, fig. 4.) Rivulus elegans HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 108 (Rio Condoto; Rio Truando); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoëi. Ser X, 1916, p. 331 (Atlantic slope of Panama near Culebra). Habitat: Magdalena, Atrato, San Juan, and upper Chagres Basins. 301. Rivulus magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn. (Plate XXVII, fig. 10.) Rivulus magdalenae EIGENMANN and HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 109 (Ibagué; Boduilla; Rio Guaduas; Rio Villeta; Quebrada de Chamisal). Habitat: Magdalena Basin. In addition to the specimens recorded above, I have since received two speci- mens (15030 I. U. M.), 45–73 mm., from Quebrada Cristalina, 28 km. above Puerto Berrio, alt. 1,000 feet, collected by Dr. E. B. Wilson. 302. Rivulus brevis Regan. Rivulus brevis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), X, 1912, p. 504 (Colombia without definite locality); HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 112 (Funda- ción, near Santa Marta). - Habitat: Northern Colombia. 184 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. PSEUDOPOECILIA Regan. 303. Pseudopoecilia festae (Boulenger). Poecilia festa BOULENGER, Bull. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, p. 13 (San Vicente, near Santa Elena, Ecuador). Pseudopoecilia festa, REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1913, p. 996. Habitat: Ecuador, west of Guayaquil. Scales 33–35, 12–13 transverse. 304. Pseudopoecilia fria (Eigenmann and Henn). (Plate XXVII, figs. 6 and 7.) Poecilia fria EIGENMANN and HENN, Indiana Univ. Studies No. 19, Jan. 16, 1914, p. 13 (Vinces, Ecuador); HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 119, fig. 6. Habitat: Western Ecuador. - ‘. ..., Scales 3–29 or 30–4. - I have since received several specimens of this species (15151, I. U. M.), collected at Ventura, Ecuador, by Dr. J. N. Rose. - DIPHYACANTHA Henn. 305. Diphyacantha chocoènsis Henn. Diphyacantha chocoènsis HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 114, fig. 2, plate XIX, figs. 1, 2 (Rio Calima). Habitat: San Juan Basin. - NEOHETERANDRIA Henn. 306. Neoheterandria elegans Henn. Neoheterandria elegans HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 117, fig. 5, plate XIX, figs. 4, 5 (Rio Truando). Habitat: Atrato Basin. ORESTIAS Valenciennes. Members of this genus are distributed in lakes and quiet stretches of Andean rivers above 7,000 feet elevation, from Lake Junin to Latitude 21' 30". The species are especially numerous in Lake Titicaca. Large collections were made during the Irwin Expedition and a monograph of the genus will be prepared 8,S soon as possible. - - - 307. Orestias elegans Garman. Orestias elegans GARMAN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XIX, 1895, p. 149 (Lakes of the Cordillera de la Ascension, sources of the river Santa Eulalia, which flows into the Rimac at 13,000 feet elevation). - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 185 15242, I. U. M., forty-six specimens, largest about 90 mm. to base of caudal. Small glacial Lake between 15,000 and 15,500 feet, about five miles from Casapalca, September, 1918. - These specimens were collected by a young man from Casapalca at the instance of Supt. Roper, after my own visit to one of these lakes had proved barren. This is the only species of the genus Orestias hitherto recorded from the Pacific slope. There seem to be two species in the Montaro Basin of the Atlantic drainage just across the divide from the Rimac, of which one appears to be this species. Inasmuch as there is a great similarity between the young of the different species, their true relations may be left in abeyance until the entire genus can be reviewed. 308. Orestias sp. 15243, I. U. M., five, largest 70 mm., Crucero Alto, at the crest of the Southern Railway of Peru. - Along the railway at Crucero Alto (elevation 14,688 feet), there are small ditches with pools. I am not sure in which direction they drain, probably in both di- rections at different times. They contain many small specimens of an Orestias allied to elegans and agassizi, the exact determination of which must be left until later. Order SYNENTOGNATHI. Family XVIII. ESOCIDAE. TYLOSURUS Cocco. 309. Tylosurus fluviatilis (Regan). Belone fluviatilis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XII, 1903, p. 626 (N. W. Ecuador); ibid. (8), XII, 1913, p. 471 (Rio Condoto). Habitat: From Manabi, Ecuador, to the Patia, San Juan and Atrato Basins. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 7521 a-c, C. M.; 13902, I. U. M. . . . . . 5 Manabi, Ecuador Henn 7502 a-d, C. M.; 13885, I. U. M. . . . . 8 Largest 550 Patia River ( & 7497 a-f, C. M.; 13882, I. U. M. . . . . . 11 238–425 Tumaco Henn and Wilson 7495, C. M.; 15034, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 2 Largest 450 Barbacoas Henn and Wilson 7499 a, C. M.; 13884, I. U. M. . . . . . . 11 Largest 200 Mouth of Rio Dagua Eigenmann 7525 a-d, C. M.; 13905, I. U. M. . . . . 14 Largest 470 San Juan at mouth of Henn - R. Jujiado gº 7503, C. M.; 13887, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 5 About 90–450 Puerto Negria Eigenmann 7501, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 470 Tado Wilson 7498, C. M.; 13883, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 13 78–460 Istmina Eigenmann - and Wilson 7505, a-c, C. M.; 13888, I. U. M. . . . . 6 Largest 560 Boca de Certegui, Eigenmann - - Atrato Basin - 7496, C. M.; 13881, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 7 305–330 Truando Wilson 186 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Order PERCESO CES. Family XIX. MUGILIDAE. The Mugilidae are in part marine fishes, which enter the mouths of rivers (Mugil and Querimana), and in part freshwater fishes found in swift, clear streams, in rapids, and at the base of waterfalls (Agonostomus and Joturus). Y. MUGIL Linnaeus. In addition to those listed below, species of Mugil which may enter freshwater inlets are M. trichodon, which may enter rivers of the Atlantic slope, and M. hospes and M. thoburni, which may occur in rivers draining into the Pacific. 310. Mugil curema Cuvier and Valenciennes. 5643 a, C. M.; 13429 a-b, I. U. M., Chone, Prov. of Manabi, Ecuador. Henn. Field Mus. Coll., four, largest 113 mm., Trujillo, Peru. W. H. Osgood. 311. Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Mugil cephalus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913 (Pacasmayo). 15294, I. U. M., six, largest 181 mm., Picso, Peru. Eigenmann. 15295, I. U. M., four, largest 247 mm., Santiago (Market), Chile. Eigenmann. 15297, I. U. M., many, largest 267 mm., La Serena, Chile. Eigenmann. 312. Mugil incilis Günther. Mugil incilis GüNTHER, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, 1869, VI, p. 443 (Rio Chagres); STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 26 (Mouth of Magdalena). 313. Mugil liza Cuvier and Valenciennes. Mugil liza Steinbachner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 26 (Mouth of Magdalena). 314. Mugil charlotte Steindachner. Mugil charlotta STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 129, plate IV, figs. 2, 20 (Guayaquil). 315. Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz. Mugil brasiliensis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 26 (Mouth of Magdalena). EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 187 QUERIMANA Jordan and Gilbert. 316. Querimana harengus Günther. Querimana harengus, REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 279 (fresh- water at Pacasmayo). AGONOSTOMUs Bennett. 317. Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft). Agonostomus monticola MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 334. This species, occurring in Mexico and Central America, was taken by Meek and Hildebrand in the Chagres River and numerous other Atlantic streams. It was found everywhere on the Pacific slope except in the Tuyra Basin. It was not taken by us in Colombia. 318. Agonostomus macracanthus Regan. Agonostomus macracanthus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 335 (Rio Indio, upper Chagres). I have examined specimens, 63 and 69 mm. long, from the Tamocal River at San Lorenzo, Colombia (800 feet), Dr. A. S. Pearse, collector, Nos. 51965 and 51966, University of Michigan. 319. Agonostomus nasutus Günther. Agonostomus nasutus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 33 (Con- doto, San Juan Basin). • It is possible that the specimen recorded by Regan from the Condoto really belongs to the species listed below as Joturus daguaº. JOTURUs Poey. 320. Joturus daguae Eigenmann. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 2.) Joturus dagua, EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 681 (Caldas, Colombia). : Habitai: Rio Dagua. This is the southernmost record of any species of Joturus or Agonostomus. This species greatly resembles Agonostomus monticola, which has a narrower and longer Snout. The figure on the plate will supplement the original description. 188 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 321. Joturus pichardi Poey.” Joturus pichardi MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs, Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 336 (Rio Indio, and Gatun, Chagres Basin). Habitat: Cuba; Mexico to Panama. It was not taken by us in Colombia. Family XX. ATHERINIDAE. THYRINA Jordan and Culver. Thyrina JoRDAN and CULVER, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), W, 1895, p. 419. Type, Thyrina evermanni Jordan and Culver. . 322. Thyrina colombiensis Hubbs. Thyrina guatemalensis (non Günther) REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 472 (Rio Condoto). - Thyrina colombiensis HUBBs, Occ. Papers Mus. Zoël., Univ. Michigan, 1920, No. 88, p. 4. • * - Habitat: San Juan and Patia Basins. The specimens, on which Dr. Hubbs based his description, were collected by us at Barbacoas on the Rio Telembi of the Patia Basin, and at Condoto, Tado, and Istmina in the San Juan Basin. MENIDIA Bonaparte. 323. Menidia chagresi Meek and Hildebrand. Menidia chagres: MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. |X, 1914, p. 119 (Gorgona, Canal Zone). - - Habitat: Chagres Basin. BASILICHTHYs Girard. 324. Basilichthys semotilus (Cope). Protistius Semotilus COPE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, p. 66 (Peruvian Andes, 12,000 ft.); Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XVII, 1878, p. 700; Fowl.ER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 737, plate XLIV (rečxamination, with figure of type). . Gasteropterus archaeus COPE, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XVII, 1878, p. 700 (Are- * Polydactylus approacimans (Lay and Bennett) was recorded from fresh water at Pacasmayo by Regan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 279). EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 189 quipa); FowlFR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 738, plate XLIII (rečxamination of type). - . * Pisciregio beardsleei ABBOTT, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 342. Atherinopsis regius (non Humboldt) STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 39 (Rio Tambo); EvKRMANN and RADCLIFFE, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 95, 1917, p. 45 (Rio Rimac near Lima). Protistius semotilus was described and Trichomycterus dispar Cuvier and Valenciennes was listed by Cope, with the statement that they were derived from some portion of the Peruvian Andes at an elevation of twelve thousand feet. I question the correctness of the altitude. My own experience is that in Peru at 12,000 feet there are only Orestias, Pygidium, and possibly Astroblepus. Fowler, who has reëxamined and figured the types of P. semotilus and of G. archaeus, says that the latter “differs from Protistius chiefly in the presence of more than one dorsal spine.” I have been able to examine a large number of specimens and find that the number of dorsal spines varies from none to four in specimens from the area between Vitor Valley and Arequipa and from three to five in those from the Rimac Valley. The number of dorsal spines therefore is not of generic value, and the genera Protistius and Gasteropterus are SynOnymous. From the variability in the number of dorsal spines in specimens from the Arequipa region, one may naturally question whether Cope's specimens might not have come from Arequipa (elevation 7,500 ft.). The objection to this surmise is that Pygidium dispar does not occur about Arequipa. P. dispar has hitherto been recorded from the Atlantic side of Peru at an elevation of 14,000 feet, and from Callao, from Lake Titicaca, and from Eten, Peru, although I question the correctness of the identification of specimens from the last three localities. Eliminating the number of dorsal spines, it becomes difficult to distinguish between P. semotilus and P. archaeus. Fowler made out the following differences, respectively, in a specimen of P. Semotilus five and one-half inches long, and a speci- men of P. archaeus six and one-half inches long. Depth 5 vs. 6; D. I–I, 10 vs. I–I, 11; A. 1.13 vs. 1.15; scales 75 vs. 86; width of head in its length 1.875 vs. 2; inter- orbital 2.66 vs. 2.875 ; least depth of caudal peduncle 2.60 vs. 2.875; anus, close in front of anal vs. midway between tip of ventrals and anal. 190 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Head 4.25 to 4.6; depth 4.66 to 5; D. 0 to V*–12 to 14; A. 15 to 17; snout SPECIMENS ExAMINED. Tambo - No. of Length in Catalog Numbers. Specimens. mm. (Largest). Locality. Date. Collector. 15180, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 4 200 Arequipa Market. Oct. 29, 1918 Eigenmann 7699 a-e, C. M.; 15181, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Many 172 Tiabaya, Rio Chili Oct. 25, 1918 & & 7700 a-e, C. M.; 15182, - * I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . { { 170 Vitor Valley, Rio Vitor Oct. 28, 1918 { { . 15183, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . { { 153 Lima, Rio Rimac August, 1918 Allen 15184, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . { { 170 Chosica, Rio Rimac Oct. 10, 1918 Eigenmann 7701 a-f, C. M.; 15186, - - I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . { { 153 Chosica, Rio Rimac Aug. 24, 1918 Allen 15185, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . ( & Matucana, Rio Rimac Aug. 24, 1918 Eigenmann 15346, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . { { 201 Chucurapi, Rio June, 1921 N. E. Pearson Number of Spines. Specimens from - - 0 I II III IV V Lima, Rio Rimac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chosica, Rio Rimac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 52 4 Vitor Valley, Rio Vitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 52 19 Tiabaya, Rio Chili. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 6 23 4 Arequipa, Rio Chili. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chucurapi, Rio Tambo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 20 1 3 in the head, eye 4.5 to 5, interorbital 2.75 to 3; scales 83 to 95. Womer with a patch of teeth on its tip; distance from tip of snout to end of maxillary equal at least to distance between Snout and eye; depth of caudal pe- duncle 2.5 to less than 3 in the distance between base of last anal ray and base of middle caudal ray; pectorals reach half-way to tip of ventrals or half-way to anus. Color as in B. microlepidotus. Order ACANTHOPTERI. Family XXI. CENTROPOMIDAE CENTROPOMUs Lacépède. A number of other species of this genus, which probably enter the mouths of the rivers, were taken on the coasts of Colombia and Ecuador. They are listed by Wilson, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 1916, X, pp. 63–64. - * Number of dorsal spines in Basilichthys Semotilus. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 191 325. Centropomus grandoculatus Jenkins and Evermann. Centropomºus grandoculatus WILSON, loc. cit., p. 63 (Mouth of Rio Dagua). 326. Centropomus armatus Gill. Centropomus atridorsalis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XII, 1903, p. 627 (Rio Vauqueria, Ecuador). 5243, C. M.; 13226, I. U. M., five, Mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. - 5248, C. M.; 13227, I. U. M., three, Puerto Negria, San Juan. Eigenmann. 5249, C. M.; 13228, I. U. M., three, Rio Rosario, near Tumaco. Henn and Wilson. - 327. Centropomus unionensis (Bocourt). - - Centropomus unionensis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 94 (Guayaquil). 328. Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch). Centropomus undecimalis, GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. ‘Mus., I, 1859, p. 79 (Rio Chagres); STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 21 (Cienega near Caiman, Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 94 (Guayaquil). 329. Centropomus ensiferus Poey. Centropomus ensiferus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 21 (near mouth of Magdalena). 330. Centropomus pedimacula Poey. Centropomºus pedimacula STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 22 (Barranquilla). 331. Centropomus parallelus Poey. Centropomºus parallelus GüNTHER, Trans. Zoël. Soc. London, VI, 1868, p. 407 (Rio Chagres). Family XXII. HAEMULIDAE. POMADASYS Lacépède. Various species of this marine genus enter fresh water, and some of them are possibly confined to it. 332. Pomadasys bayanus Jordan and Evermann. Pomadasys bayanus JoFDAN and EvKRMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47, 1898, p. 1331 (Rio Bayano); REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 33 (Rio Condoto). - 192 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. * Pristipoma labraciforme BoulBNGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIV, 1899, p. 3 (St. Elena Bay, Ecuador). 7509 a-c, C. M.; 13893, I. U. M., five, 158–337 mm. Cordova, Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. - 7517 a, C. M., 430 mm. Half-way between Puerto Negria and Istmina. Eigen- mann. . . Head 3; depth 3.5; D. XIII, 12; A. III, 7. The Smaller specimens along the sides, have interrupted streaks which on the sides of the caudal peduncle merge into two longitudinal bands. The anterior part of the anal is dark, the posterior hyaline. - - - 333. Pomadasys macracanthus (Günther). 5751 a, C. M.; 13242, I. U. M., two, mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. 7524 a, C. M.; 13904, I. U. M., three, Guayaquil Market. Henn. 334. Pomadasys branicki (Steindachner). Pristipoma branicki STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, D. 28 (Tumbez). - - * 5266 a-b, C. M.; 13241, I. U. M., three, mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. No. 13241, I. U. M., has the following formula: Head 3; depth 2.5; D. XIII, 12; A. III, 7; pores 47 -- 10; eye 4 in head, preorbital 5, snout 3, maxillary 3.5, pectoral 1.16, fourth dorsal spine 1.9, second anal spine 1.25; soft dorsal 2.66 in the spinous; anterior part of anal black. 335. Pomadasys sinuosus Eigenmann. (Plate XXXIV, fig. 4.) Pomadasys sinuosus EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1917, p. 683 (Patia between Magui and Telembi Rivers). . Head 3; depth 3.3; D. XIII, 12; A. III, 8; fifty-one pores in the lateral line to the base of the caudal, twelve pores on the caudal; eye 4.4 in the head, snout 3.1, bony interorbital 7, interocular 5, preorbital 7.3. - Additional descriptive details will be found in the original description. 336. Pomadasys andrei (Sauvage). Pristipoma andrei SAUVAGE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), III, 1879, p. 204 (Rio Guayas, Ecuador). - - 337. Pomadasys schyri Steindachner. -- Pomadasys schyri STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 32 (Guayaquil). - - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 193 Family XXIII. SCIAENIDAE.” 338. Plagioscion surinamensis (Bleeker). Pseudosciaena surinamensis BLEEKER, Arch. Nečrl. Sci. Exact. et Nat., VIII, 1873, p. 458 (Surinam). - - - Sciaena magdalena STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 22, plate I, fig. 1. * Several marine species of this family, not recorded by Wilson in Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, pp. 57–70, are the following: Cynoscion xanthulus Jordan and Gilbert. 7519 a, C. M.; one, 160 mm., Tumaco. Henn and Wilson. Bairdiella ensifera (Jordan and Gilbert). 7508 a, C. M.; 13891, I. U. M., three, largest 200 mm., market at Guayaquil. Henn. 7518 a, C. M., one, 185 mm., Buenaventura. Eigenmann. Bairdiella chrysoleuca (Günther). 13895, I. U. M., one, Guayaquil market. Henn. - Bairdiella ronchus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 7510, C. M.; 13894, I. U. M., two, Cartagena. Eigenmann. - Ophioscion typicus Gill. 7511, C. M., one, 192 mm., Rio Dagua. 7512 a-c, C. M.; 13896, I. U. M., ten, largest 145 mm., Guayaquil. Eye 4.5 in the head, snout 3.75. Odontoscion dentex (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 7514 a-e, C. M.; 13898, I. U. M., nine, 87–135 mm., Cartagena. Eigenmann. Micropogon altipinnis Günther. Micropogon altipinnis Steindachner, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 121 (Guayaquil). Stellifer melanocheir sp. nov. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 3.) 7520, C. M., type, 120 mm., Tumaco. Henn and Wilson. This species is evidently closely allied to S. oscitans (Jordan and Gilbert), from which it differs, among other things, in the much longer pectorals and in coloration. In S. oscitans the pectoral reaches almost to the vent, in the present species it reaches to above the first anal spine. Head 3.44; depth 3.1; D. XI, 23; A. II, 8; seven scales from middle of back in front of dorsal to lateral line, ten scales from lateral line to vent; fifty pores to origin of caudal rays; eye about four times in the head, interorbital 2.5, snout 4.5; maxillary-premaxillary border 1.8. Mouth oblique, lower jaw included; the premaxillary on a level with the lower edge of the pupil; interorbital slightly convex; chin with a small knob, the pores evident; teeth in two irregular series, the Outer Series of the upper jaw and the inner series of the lower jaw enlarged. Gill-rakers fifteen or sixteen in upper, twenty-five or twenty-six in lower arch (twenty-one + twenty-seven in S. oscitans), preopercular spines strong, the upper directed backward, the lower downward and backward; first and second dorsal spines strong, pungent; second dorsal spine nearly half the length of the head; tenth dorsal spine shortest, the third to the seventh spines weak, flexible, the rest becoming strong, pungent, third dorsal spine higher than any of the rays ; Second anal spine 1.17 in head, its tip reaching tip of fourth anal ray; caudal 194 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Sciaena Surinamensis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 77; ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 56 (Cauca near Caceres). - Plagioscion surinamensis magdalenae STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXII, 1902, p. 32 (Barranquilla). - Habitat: Magdalena Basin. - * - 7506 a-b, C. M.; 13889, I. U. M., four, 188–278 mm., Soplaviento. Eigenmann. 7507 a-j, C. M.; 13890, I. U. M., twenty-five, largest 420 mm., Cienega, at Puerto del Rio. Gonzales. Family XXIV. CICHLIDAE. The members of this family are distributed from the United States to Buenos Aires on the Atlantic side and to Pacasmayo on the Pacific side. The distribution of the genus Cichlasoma is coextensive with that of the family. There are a number of genera north of Panama, while others flourish south of it. Neetroplus, one of the northern genera, reaches as far south as the Canal Zone, while the genera Geophagus and AEquidens, universally distributed from Buenos Aires northward, reach the Canal Zone. Central Panama is thus in a small measure the outpost both of the southern and the northern elements of the family. This fact is em- phasized by the members of the genus Cichlasoma found in our area. Three of the species belong to the genus Theraps, which is not found south of Panama, two belong to the genus Parapetenia, which is also essentially a northern group, and the others are members of the subgenus Astatheros, which, while essentially a northern group, extends south on the Pacific slope to Guayaquil. It also extends over into the Atlantic side in the Atrato Basin. --~~~~~ : *- REY TO THE GENERA. a. First gill-arch with a downward projecting lobe on its upper part. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geophagus. aa. First gill-arch normal. - - - c. Anal with three spines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AEquidens. narrowly rounded, its middle rays equal to the length of the head; pectorals reaching to above the first anal spine, the ventrals to the vent; caudal, soft dorsal, and anal scaled to near the tip; a row of scales along the back of the dorsal spines to near the tip. Caudal, soft dorsal, and all but part of last three anal rays densely punctate; upper surface of first two ventral rays less densely punctate; spinous dorsal and all but lowest rays of the pectorals nearly black, much darker than the other fins. Scales of sides and back with punctulations forming faint streaks, oblique between the lateral line and the spinous dorsal, horizontal elsewhere. We give the measurements below. TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS OF TYPE. Length to base of caudal 93 mm.; length of head 27 mm.; pectoral 31 mm.; ventral 23 mm.; second anal spine 23 mm.; caudal 28 mm.; second dorsal spine 13 mm.; third dorsal spine 15 mm.; base of spinous dorsal 21 mm.; base of soft dorsal 32 mm.; base of anal 12 mm. EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 195 cc. Anal with more than three spines. . d. Outer Series of teeth incisor-like. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . Neetroplus. dd. Teeth all conical... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cichlasoma. GEoPHAGUs Heckel. - REY TO THE SPECIES OF GEOPHAGUs. a. Caudal and soft dorsal spotted. - - b. D. XV or XVI, rarely XVII. One scale between lateral line and soft dorsal. No dark bar below eye, even in youngest... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...steindachneri Eigenmann and Hildebrand. aa. Caudal and soft dorsal uniform. - - c. D. XV or XVI; two scales between lateral line and soft dorsal. crassilabris Steindachner. cc. D. generally XVII, sometimes XVIII; one scale between lateral line and soft dorsal; a dusky shade from eye to angle of preopercle, well marked in young; some of the lateral bands of the male continued on the spinous dorsal, especially in specimens from the Atrato Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pellegrini Regan. 339. Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann and Hildebrand. (Plate XXXII, fig. 3.) Geophagus brasiliensis (non Quoy and Gaimard) STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 56 (Cauca near Caceres). - Geophagus Steindachneri EIGENMANN and HILDEBRAND, Reports Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 1910, p. 478. - . Geophagus honda REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 1912, p. 506 (Honda). Habitat: Magdalena Basin from the coast to Girardot. . SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. . Collector. 7605, C. M.; 14134, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 60 Largest 133 Soplaviento Eigenmann 7606, C. M.; 14135, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 68 Largest 111 Bernal Creek { { 7607 a, C. M.; 14136, I. U. M. . . . . . . . 2 93–98 Rio Seco Gonzales 14137, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Largest 58 Apulo “ - 51975, 51976, U. of Michigan . . . . . . . . 2 37–62 River at Fundación Pearse and Gaige 340. Geophagus crassilabris Steindachner. (Plate XXXII, fig. 4.) Geophagus (Satanoperca) crassilabris, STEINDACHNER, Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXIV, 1876, p. 65, plate VII (Candelaria, Panama); MEEK and HILDE- BRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 340 (both slopes of Panama). se - Habitat: Both slopes of Panama. - D. XV, 11 in one; XVI, 11 in two; A. III, 8. 196 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 341. Geophagus pellegrini Regan. (Plate XXXII, fig. 2.) Geophagus pellegrini REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), 1912, p. 505 (Tado, Rio San Juan); ibid. (8), XII, 1913, p. 472 (Rio San Juan and Rio Condoto). Habitat: Atrato and San Juan Basińs. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length of Catalog Numbers. Specimens. Largest in mm. Locality. - Collector. 14138, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 187 Truando, Atrato Basin Wilson 7608, C. M.; 14139, I. U. M. . . . . . Many 193 Quibdo, Atrato Basin Eigenmann, - +. •. also Wilson 7616, C. M.; 14140, I. U. M. . . . . . 30 220 Tado, Atrato Basin Wilson 7609, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 57 Managru, Atrato Basin Eigenmann 7610, C. M.; 14141, I. U. M. . . . . . 18 147 Boca de Certegui, Atrato ( & Basin 7611, C. M.; 14142, I. U. M. . . . . . 60 95 - Boca de Raspadura, & & Atrato Basin 7612, C. M.; 14143, I. U. M. . . . . . 19 125 Raspadura, Atrato Basin Wilson 7613, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 35 Tambo, Atrato Basin { { 7614, C. M.; 14144, I. U. M. . . . . . 24 200 to end of Puerto Negria, San Juan Eigenmann upper caudal filament - 7617, C. M.; 14146, I. U. M. . . . . . Many 202 Istmina, San Juan - & 4 This species, first recorded from the San Juan, is even more abundant in the Atrato Basin of the Atlantic drainage. The young have a dusky band extending from eye to middle of base of caudal, a curved bar from a point some distance in front of dorsal to the eye and from the eye to the angle of the preopercle; six bars crossing sides between the opercle and the caudal spot; a spot in the bar crossing the sides at the tip of the pectoral. These markings fade irregularly with age, the spot on the side usually remains most prominent, sometimes there are inky blotches on the sides and the fins of the male. The male develops an excessive nuchal knob and very thick lips. A female 188 mm. long from the Truando is carrying young in its mouth. AEQUIDENs Eigenmann and Bray. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AEQUIDENs. a. Gill-rakers 5 or 6. - - b. Caudal emarginate, subtruncate, or rounded; dorsal without a spot. c. Usually three, rarely four, bars behind the lateral spots; dorsal spines usually XV, rarely XIV; center of lateral spot equidistant from center of caudal spot and a point between the edge of the operculum and its anterior third. - coeruleopunctatus (Kner and Steindachner). d. Usually four bars, tending to divide, behind the lateral spot; center of lateral spot equidistant between the center of the caudal spot and a point between the eye and EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 197 the second third of the operculum; dorsal spines usually XIV, rarely XV; lateral spot below the scales of the lateral line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . latifrons (Steindachner). dd. Four bars behind the lateral spot, bars not tending to divide, the interspaces broad; center of lateral spot equidistant from center of caudal spot and a point in the pos- terior half of the eye; dorsal spines usually XV, rarely XIV; depth 2.33–2.43. Centers of scales sometimes light; caudal emarginate, the outer rays sometimes prolonged. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sapayensis (Regan). bb. Caudal lanceolate in adult; a black spot on the spinous dorsal over the lateral spot; a lateral spot on the lateral line, sometimes extending on the dorsal fin, about equidistant from center of caudal spot and the upper angle of the operculum; dark lines along the rows of scales, a dark band from eye to upper edge of caudal peduncle, four bars behind the lateral spot. biseriatus Regan. aa. Gill-rakers 7–9, usually 8; dorsal spines XIII-XV; three, rarely four, bars behind the lateral spot, the interspaces narrow, becoming obscure with age; lateral stripes along rows of scales becoming prominent with age, the bands sometimes double in the young. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rivulatus Günther. 342. AEquidens coeruleopunctatus (Kner and Steindachner). Acara coeruleopunctata KNER and STEINDACHNER, Sitzb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Mün- chen, 1863, 222; Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München, X, 1864, p. 16, plate II, fig. 3 (Chagres). AEquidens coeruleopunctatus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 339 (Panama). Habitat: Both slopes of Panama; (?) N. W. Ecuador. Gill-rakers 6; D. XV in five, XVI in one; bands 4 in two, 3 in four. Center of lateral spot equidistant between center of caudal spot and a point between edge of operculum and its anterior third. 343. AEquidens latifrons (Steindachner). (Plate XXXIII, fig. 1.) Acara coeruleopunctata latifrons STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXIX, 1878, p. 27 (Lower Magdalena); ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 56 (Cauca near Caceres). Acara coeruleopunctata brevirostris STEINDACHNER, ibid., XLII, 1880, p. 56 (substi- tute name). Acara pulchra (part) PELLEGRIN, Mém. Soc. Zoël. France, XVI, 1903, p. 176; REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XV, 1905, p. 335 (Barranquilla). Cichlasoma caeruleopunctatum. REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 471 (R. Condoto, R. Tamana). Habitat: Panama; Magdalena, Atrato and San Juan Basins. 198 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. º Number of Spines in Dorsal Fin. Number of Individuals Possessing Number of Spines Following: XIII. XIV. XV. Specimens from Soplaviento. . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * s e s e º 'º e º 'º' 18 1 { { “ Calamar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e s s e s s > * * * 15 2 { { “ Truando. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 “ “ Quibdo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - - - . . . . . . 7 3 & 4 “ Raspadura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 { { “ Puerto Negria. . . . . . 1 15 4 SPECIMENS ExAMINED. - - No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. * 7654 a-j, C. M.; 14187, I. U. M. . . . Forty-five 32–89 Soplaviento Eigenmann *7655 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One 70 Peñas Blancas ( & * 7656 a-j, C. M.; 14188, I. U. M. . . . Thirty-nine 24–77 Calamar Cienega * 7650 a-j, C. M.; 14183, I. U. M. . . . Many 27–148 Truando Wilson *7647 a-j, C. M.; 14180, I. U. M. . . . Nineteen Largest 101 Quibdo Eigenmann *7651 a-f, C. M.; 14184, I. U. M. . . . Fourteen 25–100 Raspadura Wilson *7649 a-n, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourteen 53—125 Puerto Negria Eigenmann * 14182, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Twenty-three 18–145 Puerto Negria Wilson *51970, U. Michigan. . . . . . . . . . Two About 54 Irrigation ditch at A. S. Pearse Santa Marta 24 51971, “ “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . One 78 Marsh at Mama– A. G. Ruthven toco, Santa Marta * 51969, “ { { TWO 52–74 Pond near river at A. S. Pearse - Fundación * 51968, “ “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Three 42–70 Marsh at Funda– ( & ción * 51971, “ . “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . Three 44–49 Manzanares River, ( { Mamatoco, 344 Santa Marta . AEquidens sapayensis (Regan). (Plate XXXI, fig. 1.) Acara sapayensis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XII, 1903, p. 628; ibid. (7), XV, 1905, p. 340 (Rio Sapayo). Acara rivulata (part) PELLEGRIN, Mém. Soc. Zoël. France, XVI, 1903, p. 177. Habitat: Rio Patia and Rio Sapayo. - 7659 a, C. M.; 14186, I. U. M., two, 75 and 116 mm., Rio Telembinear Barbacoas, Jan. 17, 1913. Henn and Wilson. 14197, I. U. M., one, 68 mm., Rio Magui, Patia Basin, April 4–5, 1913. Henn. Head 2.8–3; depth 2.33–2.43; D.XIV/1 or XV/3, 10 or 11; A. III, 9; eye 3–3.75; * Magdalena Basin, including the Santa Marta Mountains. * Atrato Basin. * San Juan Basin. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 199 interorbital 2.5 to 3; twenty-four or twenty-five scales along the series of the lower lateral line. Center of lateral spot equidistant from center of caudal spot and a point in posterior half of the eye. Lateral bars without tendency to divide into two bars. . Caudal rounded in the two smaller specimens, emarginate, and the outer rays prolonged in the larger specimen from the Telembi. - 345. AEquidens biseriatus (Regan). (Plate XXX, fig. 4.) Cichlasoma (AEquidens) biseriatum. REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 471 (Condoto). • Habitat: Atrato and San Juan Basins. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 7653, C. M.; 14186, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . .29 23–127 Managru, Atrato Basin Wilson 7662 a, C. M.; 14181, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 2 60–68 Condoto, San Juan Basin ( { 14189, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 51–71 Istmina, San Juan River ( & 7652 a-c, C. M.; 14185, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 6 35–54 Tambo, Atrato Basin & 4 7661, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 90 Boca de Raspadura, Eigenmann Atrato Basin 7660 a-c, C. M.; 14198, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 18 43–148 Rio Calima, small creek Henn - - near Boca del Guineo, San Juan D. XIV/1, XV/17, XVI/6, 9/1, 10/16; * A. III, 8; 22 to 25 scales in a median series. - +. 346. AEquidens rivulatus (Günther). (Plate XXX, fig. 3; plate XXXIII, fig. 2.) Chromis rivulata GüNTHER, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1859, p. 418 (Western Ecua- dor). - - Acara rivulata BoulBNGER, Boll. Mus, Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIV, 1899, No. 335, p. 5 (Rio Vinces; Rio Peripa); PELLEGRIN, Mém. Soc. Zoël. France, XVI, 1903, p. 177; REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XV, 1905, p. 338 (Western Ecuador; Rio Peripa). . - Acara pulchra (non Gill) GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 280 (West- ern Ecuador). . - Acara aequinoctialis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XV, 1905, p. 337 (W. Ecuador; Rio Vinces). AEquidens azurifera FowlFR, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1911, p. 515, fig. 7 (trib- utary of the Chimbo, near Bucay, Prov. Guayas, Ecuador). * The denominators indicate the number of specimens. 200 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Habitat: Ecuador south to Pacasmayo, Peru. Günther based Chromis rivulata on the type, a specimen 136 mm. in length, and four other specimens 52–92 mm. all in Fraser's collections from Western Ecuador. Boulenger received two specimens, 55–76 mm. long, from the Rio Vinces and three, 113–126 mm. long, from the Rio Peripa, all collected by Festa. All of these he referred to A. rivulata. Pellegrin examined the same material and in addition a Specimen 114 mm. long from the Sapayo in northwestern Ecuador, collected by Rosenberg. All of this material he referred to A. rivulata. Lastly Regan referred Günther's four smaller specimens and Boulenger's specimens from Vinces to A. (equinoctialis; Günther's type and Boulenger's specimens from the Rio Peripa, he referred to A. rivulata; and the specimen from the Sapayo, he made the type of a new species, A. Sapayensis. The latter is a valid species. Cadual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caudal peduncle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coloration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rounded .6–.75 as long as deep dark cross-bars; sometimes a dark bar below eye rounded as long, or nearly as long, as deep four or five bars; a dark stripe below eye A. aequinoctialis. A. rivulata. A. azurifer. Length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52–96 mm. 113–136 mm. 133 mm. Depth in the length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–2.2 2.2–2.4 2.33 Head in the length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.66–2.8 3 2.8 Snout in posterior part of head . . . . . . . . . shorter than equal to equal to Eye in length of head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8–3.6 3.66–4 3.6—5.1 Interorbital in length of head . . . . . . . . . . 2.5–3 3—3.25 2.7 Preorbital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . equals eye or less || 1–1.25 in eye .75 in eye TV's villary reaching to . . . . . . . . . . . . . ant. margin of eye | not to ant. margin not to eye of eye Jaws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . equal equal equal Fold of lower lip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . not continuous not continuous No. of series of scales on cheek. . . . 3 3–4 3 Gill-rakers on lower arch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |8–9 7–8 8 Scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25–26 27–28 24 Scales between 1.1. and soft dorsal. . . 1.5 1.5 1.5 Dorsal spines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |XIII–)(V XIV—XV XIII–)(V Dorsal rays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–12 - 10–12 10–11 Dorsal spines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subequal from 5th graduate to last subequal Fourth or fifth spine in head . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3 2.75 Soft dorsal extending to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . middle of caudal nearly to middle of middle of caudal • caudal or beyond A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III, 8–9 III, 8–9 III, 8 or 9 Pectoral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at least equal to nearly equal to nearly equal to head - head head Ventral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to origin of A. or nearly to origin of to origin of A. - further A. . subtruncate or rounded as long as deep six bars; a dark stripe below eye EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 201 Fowler described A. azurifer based on four specimens from the Rio Chimbo. I have examined a large series of specimens, and A. rivulata, A. aquinoctialis, and A. azurifer seem to me but different forms of the same species. The differences between the three nominal species from Western Ecuador, using the diagnoses of Regan and Fowler, are as follows: SPECIMENS ExAMINED. Specimens from Ecuador. No. Of Length - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 7604 a-j, C. M.; 14190, I. U. M. . . . . Many Largest 207 Colimes, Rio Daule Ełenn 7657 a-c, C. M.; 14191, I. U. M. . . . .26 Largest 204 Chone, Prov. Manabi { { 14192, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 123 Portoviejo, Prov. Manabi & & 14193, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 125–172 Naranjito ( & 14194, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Several Largest 143 Vinces { { 7658 a-c, C. M.; 14195, I. U. M. . . . . 50 Largest 195 Guayaquil Market ( ( 4697 a, C. M. (Paratype of A. azurifer). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 102 Affluent of Chimbo River S. N. Rhoads near Bucay Specimens from Peru. Field Mus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 50–113 Pacasmayo Osgood and Anderson 7681 a-j, C. M.; 15157, I. U. M. . . . . Many 38–175 Cultambo, near Eigenmann * Pacasmayo 15154, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 230 Laguna near Pacasmayo ( & 15155, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 56–191 Llallan, Rio Jequetepeque ( & 7683 a-c, C. M.; 15156, I. U. M. . . . . Many Largest 84 Piura NEETROPLUS Günther. Distributed southward from Mexico to the Chagres River in Panama. 347. Neetroplus panamensis Meek and Hildebrand. Neetroplus pamamensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 90 (Rio Mandingo, Bas Obispo, Canal Zone); ibid., 1916, p. 348, plate XXXI. $º - Habitat: Chagres Basin. CICHLASOMA Swainson. Distribution: Southern Mexico, Cuba, Barbados, Trinidad, and South America south to Guayaquil on the Pacific slope, and Buenos Aires on the Atlantic slope. There are at least three groups or subgenera of Cichlasoma in the area under consideration: C. kraussii and C. umbriferum form one of the groups (Parapetenia); C. maculicauda, C. tuyrense and C. siebold; form another (Theraps); and C. festa, from Guayaquil, C. ornatum from the Patia, C. gephyrum from the Dagua and 202 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. San Juan, C. atromaculatum from the San Juan and Atrato, C. calobrense from the Tuyra and Bayano, and possibly C. altifrons from northern Panama form a third group (Astatheros). The species composing the last group are found in successive basins from Guayaquil to northern Panama, only the Rio San Juan harboring two species. - REY TO THE SPECIES OF CICHLASOMA. Cl. Premaxillary process not extending past middle of eye. - b. Teeth of the upper and lower jaws similar, none of them enlarged canines; an ill-defined dark - blotch at the middle of the base of the caudal; depth 1.75–2.33 in the length. (Theraps Günther.) - c. Anal with six or seven spines. d. Depth 1.75–2 in the length; two series of scales between the two branches of the lateral line; no cross-bands; a large blotch, or band, on caudal peduncle; scales 31-33; D. XVII or XVIII, 11 or 12; A. VI, 9 or 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... maculicauda Regan. dd. Depth about twice in the length; four rows of scales between the two branches of the lateral line; six cross-bars, intensified along the middle or reduced to a series of - spots along the middle of the sides; series of dots along the rows of scales; scales 34–41; D. XVI-XVIII, usually XVII, 11 or 12; A. VI or rarely VII, 8 or 9. tuyrense Meek and Hildebrand. cc. Anal with five spines. - e. Depth 2.33 in the length; two rows of scales between the two branches of the lateral line; five or six cross-bars, intensified below the middle and along the back, rows of dots along the rows of scales; snout rounded; scales 30–32; last dorsal spines twice as long as eye; D. XVII, 11; A. W, 8... . . . . . . . . . sieboldi (Kner and Steindachner). bb. Teeth of the middle of the upper jaw larger than those in the front of the lower jaw. (Astathe- ros Pellegrin.) - ee. An ocellus at the base of the upper half of the caudal; a black spot at the bases of the last dorsal and anal rays; lateral bars sometimes continued on the spinous and soft dorsals. - f. Young with cross-bars, a dark band from eye to near caudal ocellus in the adult, black spots, or a black band, under the pectoral below the lateral band ; upper parts of the bands sometimes remaining and continued on the bases of the dorsal, sometimes the bands intensified with age, the spinous dorsal nearly black; a dark spot on base of pectoral; depth 2.5 in the length; two series of - scales between the two branches of the lateral line; D. XVII, 11; A. VI, 8 or 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . atromaculatum Regan. ff. Sides of head and each scale of the sides with a pearl-gray or blue spot; sides with cross-bands (remaining in the adult), most prominent between the tip of the pectoral and the soft dorsal; depth 2.5 in the length; two scales between - the two branches of the lateral line; D. XVI, 12; A. W., 9... ornatum Regan. ffſ. Similar to ornatum, the gray spots of the head smaller; D. XVI or XVII; A. V, 7, or VI, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . s • * * * * * * * . . . . . . . . ornatum gephyrum subsp. nov. ffff. Sides with black cross-bars, without blue spots; depth 2.25–2.6; two scales between the two branches of the lateral line; scales 30, pores 19 + 12; D. YVI or XVII, 11 or 12; A. W, 9... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . festae (Boulenger). EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 203 eee. A small black spot at the base, middle, or upper half of the caudal; lateral bands not - continued on the dorsal; last rays, soft dorsal, and anal without a spot. g. Sides with a dark spot on middle, under posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal; cross-bands in young; cheeks, opercle, and anterior portion of sides often with small rusty spots; depth 2.13–2.7; two rows of scales between the branches of the lateral line; scales 28–31; D. XVII, 10–12; A. VI, 7 or 8; scales 28–31. - - - calobrense Meek and Hildebrand. gg. Depth 2.3; pearl-colored spots over entire body; three rows of scales between the two branches of the lateral line; about five cross-bars; snout pointed; scales about 30; last dorsal spine less than twice the length of the eye; D. XVI, 11; A. V., 8-9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . altifrons (Kner and Steindachner). aa. Premaxillary process extending to beyond the eye; maxillary usually reaching beyond.the anterior margin of the eye; anterior teeth in both jaws canines; snout pointed, the lower jaw prom- inent; an ocellus at base of upper caudal lobe; two scales between the upper and lower branches of the lateral line (Parapetenia Regan). - h. A spot on the lower angle of the opercle, another above the gill-opening, a third near middle of sides, and a fourth at base of upper half of caudal; scales of the sides with a dark spot or margin; more or less distinct cross-bands ; scales 29–30; D. XV or XVI, 10 or 11; A. VI, 8 or 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kraussi (Steindachner). hh. A dark lateral band, an ocellus near its middle and another at its end on the base of the upper half of the caudal; scales of sides with a light vertical streak; no cross-bars, except in very young; scales 30–32; D. XVI or XVII, 11 or 12; A. VI, 8 or 9. e . . umbriferum Meek and Hildebrand. 348. Cichlasoma maculicauda Regan. Cichlasoma maculicauda MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 343 (lower Chagres and its tributaries). Habitat: Guatemala to Panama. This species finds its southern limit in the Chagres Basin. 349. Cichlasoma tuyrense Meek and Hildebrand. Cichlasoma tuyrense MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 89 (Boca de Cupe, Rio Tuyra); ibid., 1916, p. 344, plate XXVIII (Bayano and Tuyra Basins). . Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama from the Bayano to the Tuyra. This species evidently related to C. maculicauda and C. sieboldi can be readily distinguished by its small scales. e 350. Cichlasoma sieboldi (Kner and Steindachner). Cichlasoma sieboldi MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 345. i Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama. 204 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. This species is known only from the types, not having been taken by Meek and Hildebrand. - 351. Cichlasoma atromaculatum Regan. (Plate XXXIII, figs. 3 and 4) Cichlasoma (Parapetenia) atromaculatum. REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), IX, 1912, p. 507 (Tado, Rio San Juan; Rio Condoto); ibid., XII, 1914, p. 472. Habitat: Atrato and San Juan Basins. * - * SPECIMENS EXAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 7625 a-f, C. M.; 14155, I. U. M. . . . . . . 12 54–140 Istmina, R. San Juan Eigenmann 7626 a-b, C. M.; 14156, I. U. M. . . . . . . 11 36— 87 Condoto, San Juan Basin Wilson 7629 a-b, C. M.; 14159, I. U. M. . . . . . . 44–152 R. Calima, San Juan Basin Henn 14085 a, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 71 Tado, San Juan Rosenberg 7627 a-c, C. M.; 14157, I. U. M. . . . . . . 5 27— 65 Tambo, Atrato Basin Wilson 7628 a-b, C. M.; 14158, I. U. M. . . . . . . 8 22–115 Raspadura, Atrato Basin { % - 7630 a-b, C. M.; 14160, I. U. M. . . . . . . 4. 31– 63 Managru, Atrato Basin - ( & 14162, I. U. M. . . . . . . º e s = º e e & s is e s tº s & 5 47–257 Truando, Atrato Basin { { 7631 a-b, C. M.; 14161, I. U. M. . . . . . . 5 34–122 Quibdo, Atrato Basin Eigenmann Head about 2.8; average depth 2.39; D. equifrequently XVI or XVII, 11, rarely 10 or 12; A. VI, 8; scales in a median series 27 or 28 + about two on the caudal with pores. 352. Cichlasoma ornatum Regan. (Plate XXXI, fig. 2.) Cichlasoma ornatum. REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XVI, 1905, p. 330 (Rio Durango, St. Javier). . Habitat: Patia Basin in southwestern Colombia, and Durango, and St. Javier in northwestern Ecuador. 7632–7636, C. M.; 14164–14168, I. U. M., twenty-nine, 42–256 mm., Rio Telembi, creeks between Barbacoas and eight miles above, January 14–17, 1913. Henn and Wilson. - 14169, I. U. M., sixteen, 106–237 mm., Rio Magui, Patia Basin, Apr. 4–5, 1913. Henn. - - - Head (average) 2.9; depth (average) 2.43; D. normally XVI, 12; A. V., 9. In the specimens from the Patia Basin, there are twenty-two with sixteen dorsal spines, one with but fifteen, and one with seventeen. The number of anal spines is uniformly five. - - Mr. Henn recorded the living colors of a specimen from near Pambana, Rio Telembi, as follows: “general coloration olive-green, lighter on operculum below eye; three yellow streaks from anterior corner of eye to gape; silvery yellow spots EIGENMANN FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 205 on operculum; dark green vertical streaks. Pectorals and ventrals clear light yellow; dorsal tipped with deep crimson; transverse streaks or dots of clear light blue mixed with colorless patches. Caudal and anal similar, latter with consider- able orange or deep yellow. Caudal ocellus black.” 353. Cichlasoma ornatum gephyrum subsp. nov. (Plate XXXI, figs. 3 and 4.) 7638 a-d, C. M.; 14170, I. U. M., eight, largest 136 mm., Istmina, Rio San Juan. Eigenmann. 7637 a, C. M.; 14166, I. U. M., two, 68–70 mm., Cisnero, Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. 7639 a-b, C. M., type and paratype, 240 and 78 mm.; 14171, I. U. M., one paratype, Cordova, Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. . . . Habitat: Rios Dagua and San Juan. The type has seventeen dorsal and five anal spines. Its coloration is so peculiar (see figure) that it might well be a hybrid between C. atromaculatum and C. ornatum. The other two paratypes from Cordova have sixteen dorsal spines (the normal number); one has six anal spines, and the other five (the normal number). - Of six specimens from Istmina, two have sixteen and four have seventeen dorsal spines; two have five and four have six anal spines. The Smaller specimens might be considered as belonging to C. atromaculatum, if there were not a number of specimens of the latter species of equal size from the same place with the per- fectly characteristic color of C. atromaculatum. - DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE. (7639 a, C. M. figured.) Head very rarely 3; depth 2.4; D. XVII, 12; A. V., 9; eye 5.5, snout equals half the length of the head; interorbital 2.6; preorbital 1.5 times the eye. Five series of scales on the cheeks; 3.5 scales between the upper lateral line and the soft dorsal; two scales between the two branches of the lateral line; scales twenty- nine in a median series to base of caudal; sixth to fourteenth dorsal spines of nearly equal height, 1.25 the diameter of the eye; last spine three times in the head; Soft dorsal and anal pointed, not reaching middle of caudal; pectoral less than head without opercle, not reaching to above anus. Remains of cross-bands occur especially along back and middle of sides, many of the scales of the bands below the middle have black bases; axil black, centers of scales otherwise largely light; soft dorsal, caudal, and posterior half of soft anal with translucent spots; anterior parts of soft dorsal and anal and Outer parts of ventrals black, the inner rays of ventrals and the entire pectoral light; Small 206 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. (blue?) spots on cheeks and opercles; a black spot on base of upper half of caudal, a black spot on bases of soft dorsal and anal near the ends of these fins. The dorsal spines are relatively higher in the young and the lateral bars are complete from dorsal to anal. In the larger specimen from Istmina the centers of all the scales over the abdominal cavity and a little beyond it are pearl-gray, the dark spot on base of pectoral is lacking, the caudal spot is less conspicuous, and the bands do not encroach on the base of the dorsal spine. Otherwise this - Specimen is very similar to one of ornatum of the same size from the Telembi. 354. Cichlasoma festae (Boulenger). (Plate XXXII, fig. 1.) Heros festap BouleNGER, Boll. Mus. Zoël. Anat. Comp. Torino, XIV, 1899, No. 335, p. 6 (Rio Guayas); PELLEGRIN, Mem. Soc. Zoël. France, XVI, 1903, p. 230. - Habitat: Guayas Basin of Ecuador. 14177, I. U. M., one, 174 mm., Rio Chanchan, Ecuador. Henn. 14178, I. U. M., one, about 185 mm., Guayaquil Market. Henn. - Head 2.6–2.75; depth 2.25–2.6; D. XVI or XVII, 11 or 12; A. V., 9; thirty scales in a median series, pores 19 + 12; eye 4.5 in the length of the head, inter- orbital 3–3.25; preorbital greater than eye; teeth of the lower jaw increasing forward, the middle pair of the upper jaw canine-like; last dorsal spine about three times in the head; nine gill-rakers on the lower arch. Five series of scales on the cheeks; two and a half scales between the lateral line and the soft dorsal; two scales between the lines. Nine conspicuous black bands, alternating with red bars; a black spot at the base of the upper caudal lobe, continued as a bar across the base of the fin. Spinous dorsal black, except just above the light spaces between the bars; soft dorsal, caudal, and soft anal having the color of the light interspaces of the body, no spots; spinous portion of the anal and the ventrals dark; pectorals like the caudal, the axil dark. - 355. Cichlasoma calobrense Meek and Hildebrand. Cichlasoma calobrense MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 90 (Rio Calobre); ibid., 1916, p. 346, plate XXIX (Bayano and Tuyra Basins). * Habitat: Pacific slope of Panama from the Bayano to the Tuyra. This species is related to the atromaculatum-ormatum group of Cichlasoma. EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 207 356. Cichlasoma altifrons (Kner and Steindachner). Heros altifrons KNER and STEINDACHNER, Abhandl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 1864, X, p. 11, plate II, fig. 1 (New Granada). Habitat: Panama. . - This species may have come from the Pacific rivers of Chiriqui (Western, Veragua) as stated by Günther and thus be beyond the limits of this paper. It was not taken by Meek and Hildebrand. - # 357. Cichlasoma kraussii (Steindachner). Petenia kraussii STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1879, XXXIX, p. 28, plate II (Magdalena); ibid., 1880, XLII, p. 56 (Cauca near Caceres); EIGENMANN and BRAY, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1894, p. 615; PELLEGRIN, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1903, p. 244 (Lake Maracaibo). Cichlasoma kraussii REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XVI, 1905, p. 339 (Bar- ranquilla). - - Chromis dentatus Guichenot MS. Pellegrin, loc. cit. Habitat: Magdalena and Atrato Basins. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 7640 a., C. M.; 14172, I. U. M. . . . . . 2 235–256 Rio Sucio, Atrato Basin . Eigenmann 7645 a., C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 157 Truando, Atrato Basin Wilson 7642 a-b, C. M.; 14174, I. U. M. . . . .3 118–175 Quibdo, Atrato - & 4 7641 a, C. M.; 14173, I. U. M. . . . . . 2 218–230 Cienega, Puerto Berrio, Gonzales - Magdalena Basin 7643 a-ac, C. M.; 14.175, I. U. M. . . . . Over 100 Largest 215 Calamar Cienega, Eigenmann - Magdalena Basin 7644 a-c, C. M.; 14176, I. U. M. . . . . Over 100 Largest 230 Soplaviento, Magdalena ( & Basin 358. Cichlasoma umbriferum Meek and Hildebrand. Cichlasoma umbriferum MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1913, p. 88 (Rio Cupe, Cituro, Panama); ibid., 1916, p. 347, plate XXX (Tuyra Basin). - - - Habitat: Chepo, Tuyra, Atrato, and Magdalena Basins. 208 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. SPECIMIENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. - Collector. 14063, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 81 Rio Cupe, Darien, Panama Meek and - - Hildebrand 14150, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 50–116 Truando, Atrato Basin Wilson 7619 a-f, C. M.; 14148, I. U. M. . . . . 11 56–293 Quibdo, Atrato Eigenmann 7621, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 71 Certegui, Atrato Basin Wilson 7618 a, C. M.; 14147, I. U. M. . . . . . 3 73–211 Raspadura, Atrato Basin { { 7622 a-b, C. M.; 14151, I. U. M. . . . . 3 39– 75 Soplaviento, Magdalena Eigenmann Basin - - 7620 a-d, C. M.; 14149, I. U. M.: ... 7 82–117 Rio Seco, Magdalena Basin Gonzales 14152, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 41 and 42 Apulo, Magdalena Basin ( { Head 2.7; depth 2.4; D. XVII, rarely XVI, 11 or 12; A. VI, 8 or 9. Family XXV. GOBIIDAE. The members of the Gobiidae and Poeciliidae help to bridge the gap between the truly fresh-water fishes and the truly marine fishes. Some are confined to salt water, some to fresh water, while others seem to be at home in either place. Many of the genera occurring in fresh water like Philypnus, Dormitator, Eleotris, Guavina Awaous, and Sicydium have long been well known. They are defined in “The Fishes of North and Middle America,” by Jordan and Evermann (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 47, III, 1898); in the “Biologia Centrali-Americana,” by Regan, 1906–08; and in “The Fishes of the Fresh Waters of Panama,” by Meek and Hildebrand (Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, pp. 349–370). The new species of this family from Colombia and Ecuador have been de- scribed by me (Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, pp. 684–687) and while in the present account sufficient details have been given in the keys to permit identifica- tion, it has not been considered necessary to repeat the original descriptions. The genera of the area under consideration may be distinguished as follows: REY TO THE TRANSANDEAN GENERA OF GOBIIDAE. a. Ventrals separate. - b. Gill-arches with two series of long, blade-like, slender gill-rakers (over one hundred on first arch), the tips of the lower ones in the inner row, bifid, those of the anterior and posterior series divergent, leaving a broad groove between them, those of the posterior series of one arch interlacing with those of the anterior series of the following arch to form an elaborate straining apparatus; buccal cavity short; head short and very broad between the eyes; each jaw with several series of incisors, those of the two anterior series much the larger, several series of minute, conical teeth behind them; head scaled to the snout. . . . Dormitator Gill. bb. Gill-arches with a single series of rakers or none. * - c. Preopercle with a downward projecting spine at its angle; first gill-arch with two series of cushions or with a few low, fleshy rakers in place of the anterior cushions of the first arch. Eleotris Bloch and Schneider. * EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 209 cc. Preopercle unarmed. - d. Head scaled; first gill-arch with an anterior series of slender, wide-set rakers in front, and a series of low cushions or knobs behind, succeeding arches with cushions only; lower jaw projecting. e. Womer with slender conical teeth; gill-openings extending forward to below the eyes, opercular scales ctenoid; buccal cavity long; teeth conical, those of the upper jaw increasing in size backward; head scaled to the snout ; snout long. - Philypnus Cuvier and Valenciennes. ee. Vomer without teeth; outer teeth of the upper jaw slightly larger. f. Scales large; opercular scales ctenoid. . . . Hemieleotris Meek and Hildebrand. ff. Scales very small, over one hundred in a lateral series, scales of the head small, imbedded, all of them, including those of the opercular, cycloid. Guavina Bleeker. dd. Head, breast, and nape naked; first arch without rakers, all of the arches with cushions or low knobs ; head naked. g. Head narrow, articular of the lower jaw expanded below, meeting or nearly meeting its fellow of the opposite side; teeth in bands; general appearance of Philypnus. Leptophilypnus Meek and Hildebrand. gg. Head wider, articular of the lower jaw not expanded; slit between first gill-arch and the sides of the buccal cavity very short, the upper limb of the arch with a membrane connecting it with the lower arch, the anterior part of the lower arch adnate; mouth large, the Iower jaw projecting; head broad, depressed. Microéleotris Meek and Hildebrand. aa. Ventrals united; head naked. h. Ventral disk short, adnate to belly; no dermal flaps on shoulder–girdle; buccal cavity very short; no gill-rakers; upper jaw with a series of many small, close-set incisors, lower jaw with fewer, stronger, recurved, thorn-like teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sicydium Cuvier and Valenciennes. hh. Ventral disk free from belly; interorbital area not elevated in front; dorsal spines four to eight; teeth pointed; maxillary not greatly prolonged; body scaly. - i. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle without papillae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gobius Linnaeus. ii. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle with two or three dermal flaps. . . . . . . . . Awaous Steindachner. DORMITATOR Gill. 359. Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). Dormitator maculatus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 354 (Stagnant and brackish streams of Panama). Habitat: Atlantic coastal streams from North Carolina to Pará, and West Indies. - 5679 a, C. M., one, Cartagena. Eigenmann. 360. Dormitator latifrons (Richardson). Dormitator latifrons MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 355 (Panama, not in Tuyra). Habitat: Pacific slope from Lower California to Ecuador. 210 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 5676 a-d, C. M.; 13515 a-d, I. U. M., fifteen, Market of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Henn. - -- - 5677 a-d, C. M.; 13516 a-d, I. U. M., eight, Chone, Province of Manabi, Ecuador. - Henn. - º 5678 a-b, C. M.; 13517 a-b, I. U. M., four, Mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigenmann. This species is the Pacific coast representative of D. maculatus. ELEOTRIs Bloch and Schneider. 361. Eleotris picta Kner and Steindachner. Eleotris picta REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 472 (Rio San Juan); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 357 (Panama). - - Habitat: Pacific coastal streams from Lower California to Ecuador. 5681 a-b, C. M.; 13520 a-b, I. U. M., Market of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Henn. 5682 a, C. M.; 13521 a-b, I. U. M., Chone, Province of Manabí, Ecuador. Henn. 362. Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin). Eleotris pisonis MEEK and HILDEBRAND Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. |X, 1916, p. 358 (Lower Chagres, Porto Bello, and upper Rio Trinidad, Panama). Habitat: Atlantic coastal streams from Florida to Brazil, and West Indies. 51977, Univ. of Michigan, two, 65 mm., Gaira River at Gaira, Colombia. A. G. Ruthven. 363. Eleotris isthmensis Meek and Hildebrand. Eleotris isthmensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 359 (Mindi, Chagres Basin). - PHILYPNUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 364. Philypnus dormitor (Lacépède). Philypnus dormitor MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field, Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 350 (Chagres system). Habitat: Atlantic coastal streams from Texas to Brazil, and West Indies. 365. Philypnus maculatus (Günther). Philypnus maculatus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 472 (Rio San Juan); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 352 (Panama). - Habitat: Pacific coastal streams from Lower California to Ecuador. TEIGENMANN . FISHEs OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 211 The most elevated and most inland locality at which it was secured by us is Istmina. - . No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. 15293, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 largest 260 mm. 5680 a-c, C. M.; 13518, I. U. M. . . . . 6 7474 a-e, C. M.; 13853, I. U. M. . . . . 7478 a-e, C. M.; 18857, I. U. M.... .30 7467 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7469 a-g, C. M.; 13855, I. U. M. . . . . 13 7470 a., C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 13856, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 13519, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7468 a-c, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7472, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7471 a-c, C. M.; 13854, I. U. M. . . . . 6 3927, I. U. M. . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 159 mm. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. Locality. Cultambo, Rio Jequetepeque Market at Guayaquil, Ecuador Rio Chanchan, Naranjito, Ecuador Colimes, Rio Daule, Ecuador Barbacoas Mouth of Rio Dagua Cordova -- Small creek near mouth of Rio Calima Rio San Juan at mouth of Rio Cucurrupi Rio Rosario, near the rapids Puerto Negria Istmina Tado HEMIELEotris Meek and Hildebrand. Hemieleotris MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 364. Type, Eleotris latifasciatus. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF HEMIELEOTRIs. . Collector. Eigenmann Henn ( & & & Henn and Wilson Eigenmann ( & Henn { { Henn and Wilson Eigenmann & 4 Wilson a. Dorsals truncate, some of the anterior spines and rays longest, tip of the first or Second spine reaching beyond the tip of the last, tip of the first dorsal ray reaching the middle of the last ray; ventrals reaching to, or beyond, the vent; a conspicuous lateral band from the snout to the caudal, a more intensely black spot at the base of the caudal, narrowed on the base of the middle caudal rays; dorsals with horizontal streaks; D. VI-I, 9; head scaled to behind the eyes; scales of opercle and a few on upper part of cheek, ctenoid; head elongate, interorbital much less than the eye; gill- rakers 2 + 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . latifasciatus (Meek and Hildebrand). aa. Dorsals rounded, first and second spines not reaching the middle of the last spine; tip of first dorsal ray not reaching beyond base of last, usually much shorter; ventrals not reaching the vent; lateral band, if present, very faint; sides with cross-shades; a dark humeral spot; dorsals uniform; D. VII–I, 10; head scaled to the snout; scales of opercles and cheek all cycloid; head broad; interorbital a little larger than the eye; gill-rakers 5 + 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . levis Eigenmann 366. Hemieleotris latifasciatus Meek and Hildebrand. . Hemieleotris latifasciatus MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 365 (between Rios Chorrera and Bayano, Panama). Habitat: Rivers of Pacific slope from Costa Rica to southern Colombia. 212 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 7475 a-e, C. M.; 13858, I. U. M., twenty-two, largest 45 mm., creek near mouth of Rio Calima, San Juan Basin. Henn. 13859, I. U. M., three, largest 57 mm., Rio Calima near Boca del Guineo, San Juan Basin. Henn. - - 7476 a-c, C. M., three, largest 32 mm., Puerto Negria, San Juan Basin. Eigenmann. 7477 a-c, C. M.; 13860, I. U. M., twelve, largest 23 mm., Rio Rosario, small coastal stream near Tumaco. Henn and Wilson. - 367. Hemieleotris levis Eigenmann. (Plate XXIX, fig. 1.) Hemieleotris levis EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 684 (Rio Calima; and warm, stagnant pools in Buenaventura). Head 3.5; depth 4.5; D. VII–I, 10; A. 10 or 11; scales 34 or 35–11; eye once in snout, four times in head; interorbital a little greater than the eye; teeth in narrow bands, outer series considerably enlarged. GUAVINA Bleeker. 368, Guavina guavina (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Guavina guavina MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. |X, 1916, p. 360 (Colon, and Toro Point, Panama). Habitat: Atlantic coastal streams from Mexico to Brazil, and West Indies. LEPTOPHILYPNUs Meek and Hildebrand. 369. Leptophilypnus fluviatilis Meek and Hildebrand. Leptophilypnus fluviatilis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 361. This species has been taken only at Mindi, Atlantic slope of Panama. MICROiśLEOTRIS Meek and Hildebrand. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MICROiśLEOTRIs. a Scales in lateral series, 33 to 36; second dorsal I, 8; anal I, 8, . . . . panamensis Meek and Hildebrand aa. Scales in lateral series, 30 to 32; second dorsal I, 9; anal I, 9... . . . . . mindii Meek and Hildebrand. 370. Microéleotris panamensis Meek and Hildebrand. Microéleotris panamensis MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 363. Known only from the Rio Juan Diaz, and Rio Chorrera, Pacific slope of Central Panama. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 213 371. Microéleotris mindii Meek and Hildebrand. Microéleotris mindii MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 364. Known only from brackish water at Mindi, near the Atlantic coast of the Canal Zone. . SICYDIUM Cuvier and Valenciennes. REY TO THE SPECIES OF SICYDIUM. a. Occipital region scaled; caudal plain. b. Belly scaled in the adult, with a naked area in specimens 63 mm. in length. c. Third or fourth dorsal ray projecting far beyond the rest; second dorsal ray almost reaching caudal, the penultimate ray shorter than the head; pectorals about equal to head; dorsals minutely and nearly uniformly punctate, the points aggregated in the soft dorsal into a dark marginal and a submarginal line; anal with a more intense submarginal line. salvini Grant. cc. Second, third, and fourth dorsal spines produced, and of nearly equal extent; penultimate dorsal ray reaching caudal, longer than head; dorsals with numerous hyaline spots; anal with a dusky border. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hildebrandi Eigenmann. bb. Belly with a median naked area; rays of first dorsal in the male nearly reaching end of base of second dorsal, the longest ray of which is a little longer than the head; pectorals longer than head; eye 5.5–6; dorsal with dark vermiculations; anal with a dark edge. pittieri Regan (extralimital). aa. Nape, an area behind ventrals, and a vertical strip connecting these, naked; second dorsal and anal highest anteriorly, last ray not nearly reaching caudal; pectoral as long as head, eye four times in the head; caudal with two dark cross-bars; soft dorsal with a series of small dark spots on the rays. condotense Regan. 372. Sicydium salvini Grant. - Sicydium salvini GRANT, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1884, p. 159, plate XII, fig. 2 (Panama); REGAN, Biologia Centrali-Americana (Pisces), 1905, p. 10 (Pan- ama; Western Ecuador); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 369 (Paraiso on Rio Grande, Pacific slope of Panama; Chagres Basin). Sicyopterus salvini JoFDAN and EIGENMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IX, 1886, p. 485. Cotylopus salvini JORDAN and EvKRMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLVII, 1898, p. 2208. - Oreogobius rosenbergii BOULENGER, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), IV, 1899, p. 126 (Paramba, Western Ecuador, 3,500 ft.). - Habitat: Eastern and western slopes of Panama; Magdalena Basin; and western Ecuador, - - 214 - - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 51991, Univ. of Michigan, one, 63 mm., Tamocal River at San Lorenzo, Colombia (800 ft.). A. S. Pearse. - - In the specimen from San Lorenzo and in the smallest specimen from the Rio Indio, collected by Meek and Hildebrand, the belly is naked and the nape is scaled. 373. Sicydium hildebrandi Eigenmann. (Plate XXVIII, fig. 4.) Sicyalium hildebrandi EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 685 (Cisnero, Rio Dagua). - - Head 5.25; depth 5.5; D. WI–11; A. 11; about seventy scales between pectoral and caudal, about twenty between dorsal and anal; eye six times in the head; interocular 2.5; horizontal teeth of the lower jaw entirely concealed, teeth of the upper jaw truncate. - 374. Sicydium pittieri Regan. - Sicydium pittieri REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XIX, 1907, p. 260 (Rio Grande de Terraba, Costa Rica). • Meek and Hildebrand (p. 369) state that this species has been recorded from Panama, but they secured no specimens. 375. Sicydium condotense Regan. - Sicydium condolense REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 33 (Rio Condoto). * This species is known only from the original description based on a single specimen, 60 mm. in total length. # GOBIUS Artedi. Subgenus CTENOGOBIUs Gill. 376. Gobius daguae Eigenmann. (Plate XXXI, fig. 2.) Gobius (Ctenogobius) dague EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos...Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 685 (Mouth of Rio Dagua). - - Allied to Gobius boleosoma and G. encaeomus. Head 4–4.2; depth 5.25–6; D. VI-I, 12; A. I, 12; scales 31–34; eye four times in the head, interocular six times, preorbital very little wider than the eye; head as well as body compressed, heaviest at the ventrals, tapering regularly to the caudal; snout very blunt, narrow; width of the head but little, if any, more than half its length; depth of the head 1.5 in its length; mouth low, terminal, horizontal; lips very thin; upper jaw with an outer series of fixed teeth and a few EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 215 teeth within these near the symphysis; lower jaw with a similar series of slightly Smaller teeth and several irregular series behind this and near the symphysis. Subgenus GOBIONELLUS Girard. 377. Gobius sagittula (Günther). 7483 a-b, C. M.; 13864, I. U. M., four, 45–85 mm., mouth of Rio Dagua. Eigen- Iſla,I\lſ). - Head 4; depth 6 or 7; D. VI, 13; A. I, 13; scales 55; eye 1 in snout, a trifle Over 4 in the head; interorbital very narrow, less than one fourth of the eye. Heaviest at the head, tapering to the caudal, very little compressed; head blunt, wide, flat below, arched from its ventral surface; eye high, looking upward and outward; lips thin, mouth wider than long, upper jaw readily protractile; upper jaw with an outer series of heavy, straight, blunt teeth and an inner series of smaller, recurved teeth; teeth of the lower jaw like those of the upper, with a few strong recurved teeth near the symphysis within the inner series; preorbital narrower than the eye. Nape naked, scales crowded about the pectorals, becoming larger toward the caudal. - AWAOUS Steindachner. To the following key, as published by Meek and Hildebrand, the characters of A. decemlineatus since described have been added. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF AWAOUs. a. Scales very small, 69 to 76 in lateral series; about 20 rows between base of anterior rays of second dorsal and anal; mouth moderate, the maxillary failing to reach vertical from anterior margin of eye, about 2.7 in head in specimens 150 mm. in length; fins low, the spinous dorsal failing to reach origin of second dorsal when deflexed; sides with dark blotches, but without black cross-bars. taiasica (Lichtenstein). aa. Scales somewhat larger, 60 to 67 in lateral series, about 16 rows between base of anterior rays of second dorsal and anal; mouth large, the maxillary reaching vertical from anterior margin of eye, about 2.1 in head in specimens 150 mm. in length; fins high; the spinous dorsal usually reaching to or past origin of second dorsal when deflexed; sides with dark blotches and with narrow, black cross-bars. . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . transandeanus (Günther). aaa. Scales about 57 in a lateral series; about 14 rows between dorsal and anal; maxillary reaching to below middle of eye; fifth dorsal spine reaching the fourth ray, the last rays reaching caudal; sides with about ten cross-lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . decemlineatus Eigenmann. 378. Awaous taiasica (Lichtenstein). Gobius taiasica LICHTENSTEIN, Berl. Abhandl., 1822, 273 (Brazil). Awaous taiasica MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. |X, 1916, p. 366 (Chagres Basin). - 216 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 379. Awaous transandeanus (Günther). (Plate XXIX, fig. 3.) Gobius transandeanus GüNTHER, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., III, 1861, p. 62 (Western Ecuador). - - Awaous transandeanus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 473 (Rio Condoto); MEEK and HILDEBRAND, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pubs., Zoël. Ser. X, 1916, p. 368 (Pacific slope streams between Rio Chame and Rio Tuyra). Habitat: Rio Chame in Panama to the Rio Chanchan in Ecuador. SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 13847, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 156 Rio Chanchan, Ecuador Henn 7460 a-b, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Larger 165 Rio Telembi, Patia Basin Henn and Wilson 13848, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 130 San Lorenzo, Rio Telembi ( & 7461 a-b, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Larger 118 Barbacoas, Rio Telembi { { 7462 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Patia, between Magui and Henn Telembi 13876, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Largest 86 Creek near mouth of Rio & 4 - Calima 7464 a-b, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Larger 137 Puerto Negria, Rio San Juan Eigenmann 7465 a-f, C. M.; 13851, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Largest 33 Puerto Negria, Rio San Juan Eigenmann 13850, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 78 Tado, San Juan Basin Wilson 7463 a-b, C. M.; 13849, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Largest 234 Istmina, Rio San Juan Eigenmann 380. Awaous decemlineatus Eigenmann. (Plate XXIX, fig. 4.) Awaous decemlineatus EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 686 (Quibdo, Atrato Basin; cienegas at Puerto del Rio, and Calamar, Magdalena Basin). - Head 3.33; depth 5.25; D. VI—I, 9 or 10; A. I, 10; scales 57–14; eye a little over 5 in the head and equal to the interocular; snout nearly 3 in the head; mouth wide, its width equal to the postorbital part of the head; lower jaw (in the type) with a series of small, more or less movable teeth in an outer row, and four strong, recurved, fixed teeth in an inner series near the symphysis, which is not parallel with the outer series, and on the side of the jaw remote from the rest of the inner series and opposite the end of the outer series, one or two similar teeth; upper jaw with a series of about seven strong, widely spaced, recurved teeth (16 in the young). Easily distinguished from the other species of Awaous by its narrow cross-lines. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 217 GOBIOIDES Lacépède. 381. Gobioides peruanus (Steindachner). Amblyopus (Gobioides) peruanus STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, |XLII, 1880, p. 94, plate II, figs. 2, 20. . * Habitat: Ecuador. - 7522 a-c, C. M.; 13903, I. U. M., twelve, 189–583 mm., Prov. of Manabi, Ecuador. Henn. - Family XXVI. BATRACHOIDIDAE. THALASSOPHRYNE Günther. 382. Thalassophryne quadrizonatus sp. nov. (Plate XXIX, fig. 5.) 3921 a, C. M., type, 35 mm., Rio Truando, Atrato Basin. Wilson. This species is evidently allied to T. maculosa Günther from the Caribbean Sea. Head about as wide as long, 3 in the length; D. II, 22; membrane of the last ray just reaching caudal; A. 23, the last ray adnate to the caudal; dorsal spines broad and not very acute; pectoral rather acute, reaching to the sixth anal ray; gill-opening extending from the upper angle of the pectoral to near the anterior margin of the ventrals; very short tentacles along the lower jaw. - A short bar across the back at the second dorsal spine; another across the anterior part of the soft dorsal, another a little behind its middle, and another at its end; several large spots along the sides and many smaller ones on the back and the head; pectoral and caudal with dark spots. - BATRACHOIDES Lacépède. - 383. Batrachoides pacifici Günther. Batrachoides pacifici STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 160 (Mamoni at Chepo); ibid., LXXII, 1902, p. 123 (Guayaquil). Family XXVII. PLEURONECTIDAE. CITHARICHTHYs Bleeker. - 384. Citharichthys gilberti Jenkins and Evermann. Citharichthys gilbert JENKINs and EvKRMANN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, p. 157 (Guaymas, Mexico); JoFDAN and EvKRMANN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47, 1898, p. 2686; STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 133 (Guayaquil). Habitat: Pacific coast from Mexico to Peru, entering rivers. 218 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 15008, I. U. M., one, 85 mm., Chone, Prov. of Manabi, Ecuador. Henn. One, I. U. M., 132 mm., Sullana, Peru. Eigenmann. - Family XXVIII. SOLEIDAE. ACHIRUS Lacépède. . . ." - 385. Achirus klunzingeri (Steindachner.) Solea klunzingeri STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLII, 1880, p. 96, plate IX, fig. 3 (Guayaquil). Habitat: Panama to Guayaquil, marine, but entering rivers. 15005, I. U. M., five, 31–77 mm., Vinces, Prov. Rios, Ecuador. Henn. 15006, I. U. M., two, 29 and 63 mm., Colimes, Rio Daule, Ecuador. Henn. 15007, I. U. M., one, 40 mm., Chone, Prov. of Manabi, Ecuador. Henn. All of these specimens are young and it is quite possible that the adult enter rivers only at spawning time. . - - 386. Achirus fischeri (Steindachner). Solea fischeri STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLI, 1879, p. 161, plate II, fig. 8 (Mamoni). - 387. Achirus panamensis (Steindachner). Achirus panamensis REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XIV, 1914, p. 33. APPENDIX I. THE FISHES OF THE META RIVER BASIN OF * EASTERN COLOMBIA. BY C. H. EIGENMANN. The following pages deal with the fishes from the streams of the eastern slopes of the Eastern Cordillera, and the llanos or plains, at the base of the Andes east of Bogotá. These streams drain into the Rio Meta, which is one of the larger tributaries of the Orinoco. Little has been previously known of the fishes from this region and nearly half of the species have proven to be new. These have been described by me in the “Annals of the Carnegie Museum,” in the “Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,” and especially in the “Indiana University Studies.” A number are described in the present paper. After my return from Colombia in 1912, my assistant Manuel Gonzales continued collecting. He made a number of very valuable collections from along three routes, (1) along the road from Factativa west to Honda; (2) from Bogota north through Santander; and (3) from Bogota east to Barrigón. We are con- cerned here with only the last of these, since the others have been considered in the preceding memoir. Brother Apolinar Maria, Director of the Museum of the Instituto de la Salle of Bogotá, has sent me valuable collections from this region. One such collection came from Cumaral, another from Caño Carneceria, which is reached by two days’ travel northeast from Villavicencio. These localities and those of Gonzales are indicated on the accompanying map of this area. Their collections are in the |Museum of Indiana University and in the Carnegie Museum. Fourteen of the species listed here, or nearly one-fourth, are widely distributed forms, which have been recorded in the preceding pages from the Magdalena or other streams west of the Eastern Andes. Of particular interest is the fact that the genus Stevardia, supposed to be peculiar to the island of Trinidad, has a repre- sentative at the base of the Cordilleras. However, through a study of this fauna and that of Lake Valencia in Venezuela, Trinidad has lost its supposed isolation and proves faunistically to have much in common with the Orinoco Basin. 219 220 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Dr. C. T. Regan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., (8) Vol. 10, 1912, pp. 218, 391, et al.) has recorded several species presented to the British Museum by Sir Bryan Leighton and presumably collected at Honda in the Magdalena Basin. In the same papers he records several specimens from Bogotá, collected by Cutter. During my short • Tocańc Fa sº e Batc. e G-14otavric, … *| LaYTrinicael e ſcachette; ..., 0 Marnbifº S. "S o To G 22 y.º. #2 N *, º . º 6360. o : cº Chêa chieſ <& *}<- * Ubaoue • Fºrn e crº U.M & ‘. ( C. Gº UA e y Colºueza : 3.300 : § 0 * O º º 4. 700 a vario Sè-e O *SE * Feš. YS Quetarne al 25°26 X ** S$ \ \{*::::gºſº So s cy º % º Ş xe Curmaral §. ºxa Å. *c. o, Ø %; & º: G. C. a7°/ & C// cy - - © O. S SSX × Barrigon* & gº Fig. 21. Sketch map of the upper drainage area of the Rio Meta. Localities where collections were made are marked X. stay at Honda, I did not secure the species mentioned, which, however, are abundant in the Rio Meta. Likewise the species recorded from Bogotá certainly did not come from that locality and it is more than probable that in both instances the recorded specimens actually came from the Meta Basin and were shipped from Honda and Bogotá. CHASMOCRANUS Eigenmann. 1. Chasmocranus rosae sp. nov. (Plate I, fig. 4.) 3841, C. M., type, 65 mm.; 3842, C. M.; 15019, I. U. M., paratypes, four, 35–78 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. - 15020, I. U. M., two, 49 and 57 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gon- Zales. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 221 Head 5; depth 6–6.33; D. 7; A. 9 or 10; adipose 4–4.25 in the length; eye 2 in snout, 7 in the length of the head, nearly 2 in the interorbital; maxillary barbels reaching to, or but little beyond, the middle of the pectorals; premaxillary teeth in two separate patches, each patch about twice as wide as deep and without backward projecting angle; dorsal truncate, the second ray highest and nearly coterminous with the subsequent rays when depressed, the first ray a little shorter, not spinous; caudal slightly forked; anal rounded, the middle ray highest, those following it coterminous with it, those in front of it rapidly graduate; pectorals and ventrals large, rounded, first pectoral ray not spinous; fontanels narrow, from in front of eye to base of Occipital crest. - Top of head dusky; six bands on body, well marked on the back, faint or absent on the sides; the first from pectoral to pectoral, widest; the second under first half of the dorsal; the third between the dorsals; the fourth and fifth under the ends of the adipose; the last across end of caudal peduncle; distal half of caudal dusky. IMPARFINIS Eigenmann and Norris. Imparfinis EIGENMANN and NORRIs, Revista Museu Paulista, 1900, p. 352. Type, Imparſinis piperatus Eigenmann and Norris. Eye without a free orbital margin except in the old of I. piperatus; no teeth on the palatines or vomer; snout broad; jaws subequal; premaxillary band of teeth without a backward projecting angle. Pectoral spine, short, strong, or scarcely spinous; first dorsal ray not spinous; skull covered by skin, not granular; occipital process very short. Upper caudal lobe the longer; origin of ventrals in front of origin of dorsal; anal short. Fontanels narrow, continued to near base of occipital process; a narrow bridge behind the eyes. 2. Imparfinis microps Eigenmann and Fisher, sp. nov. (Plate IV, figs. 2 and 3.) 6776 a, C. M., type, 75 mm.; 6777 a-e, C. M.; 13546, I. U. M., paratypes, 19–43 - mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. D. 7; A. 12; P. 8; head 5.5, depth 7; width 8.7; snout in head 2.6; inter- orbital 1.5 in the snout; adipose 4.4 in length. Body slender, compressed toward caudal. Head short, flat, its depth equal to one-half its width. Eye very small, five in the Snout, twelve in the head. Mouth rather wide; its width at rictus equal to length of Snout. Jaws equal; premaxillary band of teeth moderate, of equal width throughout. All barbels extending to gill-opening when laid straight back. Dorsal rounded; its base slightly longer than longest ray; its origin behind origin of ventrals. 222 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Anal rounded, the length of its base slightly less than length of head; caudal forked, the upper lobe the longer, longer than the head; ventrals short, in front of dorsal, equal to the postorbital portion of the head. Pectoral short, reaching only half way to origin of ventrals. With numerous brown chromatophores which are more abundant dorsally and anteriorly. Fins all hyaline. - - 3. Pimelodella metae Eigenmann. Pimelodella meta EIGENMANN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1917, p. 244, plate XXXI, fig. 1. - Catalog Numbers. Length in mm. - Locality. Collector. 7441, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Rio Negro, Villavicencio Gonzales 7442, C. M.; 13769, I. U. M. . . . . . . - Barrigón (? 13768, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio “ 15088, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Largest 100 Lake Valencia Basin Pearse 4. Pimelodella chagresi (Steindachner). Pimelodella chagresi EIGENMANN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1917, p. 253, plate XXXIII, fig. 3. -ºr- - - 6766, C. M., 51 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. I am not sure of the identification of this Small specimen. The species has not previously been found east of the Cordilleras. - . 5. Pimelodus clarias (Bloch). 6663 a-d, C. M.; 13492, I. U. M., 53–181 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13798, I. U. M., one, 137 mm., Cumaral. Maria. - This is a widely distributed species, occurring also in the Atrato and Mag- dalena Basins, west of the Andes. (See Preceding Memoir, No. 28, p. 44). 6. Rhamdia sebae (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 3922, C. M., two, 111 and 116 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13567, I. U. M., one, 154 mm., Rio Meta. Gonzales. 15009, I. U. M., three, 103–155 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. This species also occurs in the Magdalena River. SCIADES Müller and Troschel - 7. Sciades marmoratus Gill. Sciades marmoratus GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 95 (Upper Amazon); f EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2), I, 1888, p. 136 (Taba- tinga). - - 15024, I. U. M., a head, 135 mm. to tip of opercle. Barrigón. Gonzales. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 223 It is quite possible that the specimens recorded by Gill and by Eigenmann and Eigenmann represent two distinct species. Gill's specimen has the patches of vomerine teeth transversely ovate. The specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoëlogy, respectively 500 and 580 mm. long, have them longitudinally ovate. The present specimen, which on the basis of the length being about 5.2 times the length of the head must have been nearly 700 mm. long, has them transversely ovate as in Gill's specimen. - . . - I add a few measurements of the specimen before me. Length of head to tip of long opercle, 135 mm.; snout 67 mm.; eye 13 mm.; greatest width of head 120 mm.; interocular 59 mm.; width at rictus 84 mm.; maxillary barbels 425 and 440 mm., mental barbels 95 mm., postmentals 180 mm., reaching to near tip of pectoral rays; pectoral 113 mm., pectoral spines 95 mm. --, being broken off near tip; 58 fine teeth on one of the pectoral spines (several broken off with the tip), largest at the end of the first third of the spine where they equal one third of the width of the body of the spine. - Distance between eyes and posterior nares 29 mm., between eyes and anterior nares 46 mm.; distance between ends of premaxillary band of teeth 45 mm., depth of the band greatest near middle, 6 mm.; distance between outer edges of the two patches of vomerine teeth 17 mm., distance between vomerine and palatine patches 16 mm. . º - Color of the barbels similar to that of the head, not annulated. 8. Plecostomus plecostomus Linnaeus. 7571 a-e, C. M.; 13924, I. U. M., ten specimens, largest 140 mm., Barrigón, March 24, 1914. Gonzales. 7572 a, C. M., 138 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13925 a, I. U. M., 22 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. A number of specimens were collected by Dr. A. S. Pearse in Lake Valencia and in the Rio Tuy, in Venezuela, - . . 9. Pseudancistrus daguae (Eigenmann). Hemiancistrus dagua, EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 16, Sept. (Dec. 23) 1912, p. 11. - 13661, I. U. M., one, 69 mm., Rio del Fosca, 4,500 feet. Gonzales. Described originally from the Rio Dagua in the San Juan Basin of western Colombia. This is the only record from east of the Andes. (For other records, see Preceding Memoir, No. 98, p. 78). 224 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 10. Pseudancistrus pediculatus Eigenmann. (Plate X, fig. 4; plate XII, fig. 3.) Pseudancistrus pediculatus EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 679. SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY GONZALES. No. of Length - Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. 13664, I. U. M.; 7348, C. M., paratype and type . . 2 60 and 118 Rio Negro, Villavicencio 13927, I. U. M.; 7586, C. M., paratypes. . . . . . . . 6 Largest 95 Villavicencio 13928 and 13663, I. U. M., paratypes . . . . . . . . . . 10 Largest 120 Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio 13929, I. U. M., páratypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Largest 103 Barrigón, Rio Meta 13932, I. U. M.; 7587, C. M., paratypes. . . . . . . . 7 Largest 95 Tengavita 13930, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Largest 78 Willavicencio 13934, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Largest 55 Quebrada Blanca 13939, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Largest 33 Rio Roncador 13931, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Largest 73 Rio Negro, Villavicencio 13945, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Largest 46 Quebrada Sumuco A specimen purchased from W. F. H. Rosenberg, the London dealer, as P. setosus from the Tamana River of the San Juan Basin of western Colombia, proves to be this species. This is probably one of the specimens recorded by Regan (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), XII, 1913, p. 469). If the locality is correct, then the present species occurs west of the Andes on the Pacific slope. Head 2.7–3; depth 6.5–7; D. I, 7 in five, I, 8 in forty-six, I, 9 in two; A. I, 4; scutes usually 25, rarely 24 or 26; eye about 6 in snout, 10 in head, a little over 3 in the interorbital; ramus of lower jaw about equal to the interorbital; interopercle with two principal spines, the longer .6 of the head, extending much beyond the head; sometimes 4 or 5 graduated spines follow each other, besides which there is, with age, an increasing number of Smaller spines about the edge or below the hispid portion of the interopercle; snout with many bristles in the male, short spines from the eyes forward, around the nares and forward along the middle to the snout; dorsal spine equal to the snout or shorter, the last ray reaching the adipose spine or the second scute in front of it; caudal very obliquely emarginate, the lower ray 3.33 in the length; pectoral reaching tip or middle of ventrals. Back and sides with faint spots; dorsal and caudal with numerous spots on the rays, more rarely uniform; ventrals and pectorals more faintly spotted. 11. Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann. (Plate XII, fig. 8; plate XIII, figs. 3 and 4.) Ancistrus triradiatus EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 680 (recording the following specimens). ºy. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 225 SPECIMENS ExAMINED. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 13935 a, I. U. M., type . . . . . . . . . . 16" 113 Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio Gonzales 13935 b–e, I. U. M., paratypes. . . .4 61–85 ( & ( & & 4 & 4 7591, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. 78 and 81 ( & { { & & & & 13937 a, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16" 77 Barrigón & & 13937 b-c, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Q 43 and 70 ( & { % 7578, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 52 Villavicencio - ( & Closely related to this species is A. breviſilis Eigenmann, from El Concejo in the Rio Tuy Basin, west of Caracas, Venezuela. COCHLIODON Heckel. Type, Hypostomus cochliodon Kner. The genus Cochliodon is a Plecostomus with large unipointed teeth, as Panaque is a Hemiancistrus with large teeth. The teeth have one lobe only. The species of this genus are found east of the Andes. REY TO THE SPECIES OF COCHLIODON. a. Lower caudal ray longer than upper; nine teeth in each side of each jaw; marginal spines of the opercle and interopercle larger than those of the side of the head. Base of dorsal equal to its distance from the second or third scute behind the spine of the adipose; caudal peduncle equal to the length of the head and the first scute behind the occipital or shorter than the head; 24–26 + 1 Scutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cochliodon (Kner). aa. Upper caudal ray longer than lower, teeth without lateral notch, eleven or twelve teeth in each side of each jaw; marginal spines of opercle and interopercle not enlarged; base of dorsal equals its distance from second to the fourth scute behind the adipose spine; caudal peduncle equal to the head measured along the dorsal line and the two scutes behind the occipital; depth of the head at the occipital equals the Snout; 28–29 + 1 scutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plecostomoides n. Sp 12. Cochliodon plecostomoides sp. nov. (Plate XI, figs. 1, 2, and 3.) 15043, I. U. M., type, 256 mm. over all. Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 15084, I. U. M., Rio Bue at Maracai, Valencia Basin. Pearse. Head 3.1; depth 4.5; D. I, 7; A. I, 4; scales 26 or 27 + 1; 6 scutes between dorsal and fulcrum in front of the adipose spine; 16 scutes and fulcra between the anal and the lower caudal ray; eye 5.5 in snout, 4 in the interorbital, 8.5 in the head; ramus of lower jaw 8 in the head, 4 in the interorbital; interopercle without enlarged spines, plecostomoid; occipital bluntly keeled, its tip entering the scute following it; teeth large, without a lateral notch, spoon-shaped (when new?) or truncate (when worn?), 12 on each side of each jaw; belly entirely covered with scutes, lateral scutes all strongly keeled, finely granulate; dorsal truncate, the last 226 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. ray almost reaching the adipose spine, the first ray reaching the tips of the second to fourth rays, not those of the last three rays; base of dorsal equal to its distance from the fourth scute behind the adipose spine or its distance from a point a little in front of the middle of the snout; caudal deeply emarginate, the upper ray is longer than the lower, the length of the upper ray in the type is 83 mm., that of the shortest middle ray is 40 mm., and that of the lowest ray is 72 mm.; outer ventral ray (52 mm.) reaching to about middle of anal; the pectoral spine (59 mm.) reaches to the second third of the ventrals. Covered everywhere with numerous spots, smallest and most numerous on the head, in size not equal to the pupil, about ten irregular series in the interorbital space, those of the body larger, most prominent on anterior parts, fading out toward the base of the caudal; those of the ventral surface equal in size to those of the sides. One or two series of spots in each dorsal membrane, prominent at the base but fading toward the tip. Well formed spots at the base of the caudal fin, the margin of the fin uniformly dark; pectorals, ventrals, and anal spotted; length of caudal peduncle about equal to the distance between the snout and the posterior margin of the second scute following the occipital. 13. Chaetostomus anomalus Regan.* Chaetostomus anomalus REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XI, 1903, p. 599 (Partim). - . 13946, I. U. M., one, 58 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. - 13940, I. U. M., three, largest, the type, 88 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. - - - Head 2.75–3; depth 6; D. I, 9; A. I, 4 ; scales 25; eye 2.5 in the interorbital width which is 3.33–3.5 in the head; width of head equals its length, depth of head about 2.25 in its length; the naked portion of snout one-fourth the length of the head, measuring from snout to end of occipital. Interopercle with from 7 to 11 straight spines in three groups, none of them folding under the opercle, about 8 shorter spines on the upper part of the interopercle; dorsal spine equal to the snout or shorter; base-of dorsal equal to its distance from the caudal the last ray reach- ing to adipose; adipose well developed; depth of caudal peduncle 2.25 in its length. * Chatostomus dorsalis sp. nov. (extralimital). f Chatostomus anomalus Regan, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) XI, 1903, p. 599 (partim); Trans. Zoël. Soc. Lond., XVII, 1904, p. 250, Pl. XIII, fig. 2 (Merida and mountain streams above it). Of this species I have examined the following: . - 13656, I. U. M., 126 and 160 mm., Rios Albirregas and Millo, near Merida, purchased from Rosenberg and two specimens collected by E. B. Williamson in northwestern Venezuela, now in the Museum - of the University of Michigan. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 227 Back with dark cross-shades, dorsal rays with small white spots; caudal dark, its tips rusty; upper surfaces of pectorals and ventrals more or less distinctly barred. w . . OTOCINCLUS Cope. 14. Otocinclus spectabilis Eigenmann. Otocinclus spectabilis EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 23, 1914, p. 229 ; Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 78, plate XIV, figs. 2 and 3. - - • 13253, I. U. M., ten, largest 38 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio . Gonzales. 15. Farlowella acus (Kner). 13200, I. U. M., 2, 77 and 84 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13199, I. U. M., 6, largest 158 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. 13252, I. U. M., 1,44 mm., Rio del Fosca, 4,500 ft. elevation. Gonzales. *º- 15081, I. U. M., 7, El Concejo, Rio Tiguirito. Pearse. . . . . . . 16. Sturisoma leightoni (Regan). Oxyloricaria leightoni REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1912, p. 669, plate LXVII, fig. 2 (Honda). . - 13796, I. U. M., 2, 97-100 mm., Cumaral. Maria. This species is common west of the Cordilleras, having been taken in the upper Magdalena Basin and in the Rio San Juan of western Colombia. The above specimens from Cumaral differ slightly in having the fins and the spines in the male slightly shorter than in the western specimens. See No. 125. - 17. Sturisoma aureum (Steindachner). Loricaria aurea STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, LXXII, 1902, p. 138, . plate V, fig. 2 (Bodega Central on the Rio Magdalena, and Rio Meta). - I did not receive any specimens of this species, which is known from a specimen 169 mm. in length from the Rio Magdalena and a smaller one from the Rio Meta. It has been identified by Regan as S. panamense. This identification of the latter, however, may be left in doubt until direct comparisons can be made. * 18. Corydoras metae Eigenmann. (Plate VIII, fig. 5.) Corydoras meta: EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 23, 1914, p. 230; Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 78, plate XIV, fig. 1. - 13451, I. U. M., type, 54 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. 228 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 19. Corydoras melanotaenia Regan. (Plate VIII, fig. 1.) Corydoras melanotaenia REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), X, 1912, p. 217 (Honda). 13971 and 13972, I. U. M., eleven, 37–57 mm., Cumaral. Maria. 3928, C. M., Villavicencio. Gonzales. 15038, I. U. M., one, 52 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 15039, I. U. M., one, 43 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. This species was originally described from two specimens about 50 mm. in length, said to have come from Honda on the Rio Magdalena. I did not succeed in securing this species during my short stay at Honda. It is probable that the specimens really came from the Meta Basin and were shipped from Honda. The species is evidently abundant about Villavicencio. - - 20. Astroblepus longifilis (Steindachner). Arges longifilis STEINDACHNER, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 1882, p. 19, plate V, figs. 3, 3a, 3b (Rio Huambo, and Rio Totora of northern Peru). The following specimens were collected by Gonzales in mountain streams in the Cordilleras, east of Bogotá. - 7404, C. M.; 13703, I. U. M., Caqueza; 7405, C. M., Quebrada Hirajara; 13714, I. U. M., Marutiba; 7406, C. M.; 13715, I. U. M., Rio del Fosca (4,500 feet); 7417, C. M., Quebrada Sumuco. This species has an extensive distribution, ranging in the Andean streams from Peru to the Tuyra Basin in Panama, to Mogotes in Santander, and to the headwaters of the Rio Meta. 21. Astroblepus latilens Eigenmann. (Plate VI, fig. 3.) Astroblepus latidens EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 674. This species, as far as known, is found only on the eastern slope of the Eastern Andes of Colombia. All the specimens recorded below are from along the route between Bogotá and Villavicencio and Barrigón, and were collected by Manuel Gonzales or under his direction. No. of Length Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. 7362, C. M., type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Q 57 Piperel. 13677, I. U. M.; 7363, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 10 , 28–58 Piperel. 13678, I. U. M.; 7364, C. M., paratypes .. 5 48–73 Caqueza. 13679, I. U. M.; 6365, C. M., paratypes . . 18 27–60 Quebrada Hirajara. 13680, I. U. M.; 6366, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . .33 Largest 79 Quebrada Perdizes. 13681, I. U. M.; 7367, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . 12 20–18 Rio del Fosca. 13727, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26–57 Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 229 No. Of Length Catalogue Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. 7411 a-i, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–55 Quebrada at Villavicencio. 7412 a, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Rio Negro, Villavicencio. 7413 a-d, C. M.; 13728, I. U. M. . . . 9 32–50 Quebrada Sumuco. 74.14 a-b, C. M.; 13729, I. U. M. . . . 4 45–53.5 Quebrada Naranjal. 7415 a-d, C. M.; 13730, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . 7 37–54 Quebrada Marutiba. 7416 a-c, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34–41 Rio Blanco, Villavicencio. 13744, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 25–35 Rio Roncador. 7432 a-b, C. M.; 13745, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . 4 36–60 Tengavita. This species is similar to A. trifasciatus from the Rio Dagua. It ranges through the same gamut of color as A. trifasciatus, some specimens having con- spicuous cross-bands, others being uniform in color. The adults are readily dis- tinguishable from A. trifasciatus by the very broad teeth in the outer row of the premaxillary, a difference not evident in the young. It is very closely related to A. Chapmani. 22. Astroblepus grixalvii Humboldt. Astroblepus grivalvii HUMBOLDT, Obs. Zool., I, 1805, p. 19, plate VII (Popayan). 13954, I. U. M., many, largest 85 mm., Choachi. Maria. 13955, I. U. M., one, 86 mm., Caño Carniceria. Maria. This species occurs throughout the Andes of Ecuador, and the Eastern and Central Andes of Colombia, reaching the highest elevations attained by fishes in these regions. 23. Astroblepus micrescens Eigenmann. Astroblepus grivalvii micrescens EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 677. This species occurs on the eastern slopes of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. 24. Pygidium metae Eigenmann. Pygidium metae EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 694; Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1918, p. 312, plate XLVII, fig. 5. 13770, I. U. M., type, 78 mm., Barrigón, March, 1914. Manuel Gonzales. 25. Pygidium kneri (Steindachner). Pygidium kneri EIGENMANN, Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1918, p. 314, plate XLVI, figs. 1 and 2. 13907, I. U. M., one, 155 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta, Gonzales. 230 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 26. Pygidium dorsostriatum Eigenmann. Pygidium dorsostriatum. EIGENMANN, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., LVI, 1917, p. 695; Mem. Carnegie Mus., VII, 1918, p. 320, plate XLVIII, fig. 3. 7093, C. M.; 13810, I. U. M., four, 18–76 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. ERYTHRINUS Gronow. 27. Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch and Schneider). 13787, I. U. M., one, Cumaral. Apolinar Maria. 28. Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch). 13789, I. U. M., twenty, Cumaral. Apolinar Maria. Jº 15044, I. U. M., a head, 90 mm. long, Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gon- Zales. - 29. Curimatus argenteus Gill. Curimatus argenteus GILL, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 1858, p. 62; LüTKEN, Widensk. Medd. Nat. For., Kióbenhavn, 1874, p. 225 (Trinidad); EIGENMANN and EIGENMANN, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 13; REGAN, Proc. Zoël. Soc. London, 1906, I, p. 385, plate XXI, fig. 3 (plentiful in the ravines of the Streatham Lodge Estate, Dominica). This species, hitherto known from Trinidad, was found by Gonzales at Bar- rigón and Villavicencio. 15021, I. U. M., six, 83–100 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. 3843, C. M., one, 109 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 15110, I. U. M., El Concejo, Rio Tiquirito, near Caracas, Venezuela. Pearse. 15111, I. U. M., Maracay, Rio Bue. Pearse. - Head 3.75–4; depth 2.75–3; D. 11; A. 9; scales 5–34 to 38–5; interorbital equals postorbital portion of the head, but little more than 2–2.4 in the length of the head; depth of caudal peduncle equal to its length, or to the postorbital portion of the head; less than 2 in the head. Highest anal rays reach the caudal. Dorsal spot large and usually very prominent, middle caudal rays but faintly tinged. 30. Curimatus meta: sp. nov. (Plate XVII, fig. 1.) 3844, C. M., type, 119 mm.; 3845 a-b, C. M.; 15023, I. U. M., 68–118 mm., para- types; Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. • . 15022, I. U. M., forty-seven, 70–148 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. Head 3.5–4; depth 2.66–3.25; D. 11; A. 9; scales 5–36 to 39–5; eye 3 in the head; depth of caudal peduncle equal to its length; interorbital 2.25–2.5 in EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NoRTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 231 the head; origin of dorsal equidistant from tip of snout and some part of the adipose, the highest ray equal to the head behind the nares, all the rays nearly coterminous when depressed; caudal deeply forked, the lobes longer or shorter than the head; anal emarginate, the anterior rays extending beyond the posterior, not reaching the caudal; pectorals not reaching ventrals, the ventrals half-way to the last anal ray. . - - Scales increasing in size to the ventrals. . - - A variable dark spot near base of middle dorsal rays; a dark band on middle of caudal peduncle (in formalin specimens), fading out forward and continued to very near the end of the middle caudal rays; lower caudal lobe partly or entirely dusky. - - * This species is very similar to C. argenteus, differing in the shape of the caudal peduncle and in coloration. 31. Prochilodus marie sp. nov. (Plate XX, fig. 2.) 15150, I. U. M., 296 and 302 mm., the smaller is the type. Barrigón, Rio Meta. Received March 1914. Gonzales. - Allied to Prochilodus laticeps Steindachner. Head 3.8–3.9 in the length to end of lateral line; depth very little more than 3; D. 11, not counting the short fulcrum or the last filament ; A. 11. Scales 10–53–8 in one, 10–58–8 in the other. Eye 2.3 to 2.5 in the snout, 5 to 5.5 in the head, 3 to 3.25 in interorbital; gape extending slightly beyond nostrils, not to eye; origin of dorsal about equidistant from snout and the last half of the base of the adipose; anal emarginate, the second ray extending beyond the tip of the last rays; pectorals not reaching the ventrals by one or two scales. Postventral region trenchant. - * About 8 obscure dark cross-bands under the dorsal and the region in front of it. Sides with zigzag lines between the rows of scales, most conspicuous above the anal. Dorsal obscure in front, hyaline behind; small dots in rows across the rays, most sharply defined in the upper posterior half; round spots on the adipose; caudal with about seven rows of spots, most sharply defined on the middle rays, running into wavy bands on the inner parts of the lobes, the margin of the lobes uniform. 32. Pyrrhulina lugubris sp. nov. (Plate XXI, fig. 1.) ? Pyrrhulina semifasciata REGAN, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), X, 1912, p. 390 (“Bogotá”!). - - - 15041 a, I. U. M., type, a male, 53 mm.; 12 paratypes, 21–54 mm., Barrigðn. Gonzales, 232 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 15042 a-b, I. U. M., 52–53 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 3868, C. M., 2, 62 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13791, I. U. M., 4, 36–60 mm., Cumaral. Maria. Allied to P. brevis. - Head 4–4.33; depth 4–4.25; D. 10; A. 10 or 11; 5–5.5 scales between dorsal and ventral, 21 or 22 + 2 along the median series; eye 3 in the head, equals snout and part of eye in front of pupil; interorbital equals snout and half the eye, a little less than eye and postorbital portion of the head; caudal peduncle equals Snout and eye. - Origin of dorsal equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and preopercle or opercle, much behind origin of ventrals, height of dorsal less than length of head; caudal large, the lobes rounded, the upper lobe longer, longer than head; lower fins larger in the male, the anal reaches the caudal, the ventrals reach the anal and the pectorals reach nearly to the ventrals. A narrow dark stripe extends from the eye around the chin, and from the eye to the edge of the opercle and sometimes along a few scales behind it. These stripes are sharper in the female. A series of light spots extends along the rows of scales. The dorsal in the female has a black spot near its center or somewhere in the space between the second and fifth rays. In males, the black spot reaches to the tip of these rays, the anterior margin of the fin being white. The margins of the pectorals, ventrals, and anal are black in the male, with an obscure dark area above the posterior halves of the pectorals. Although extra-limital, the following species may conveniently be described here: - COPEINA Fowler. 33. Copeina Osgoodi sp. nov. Type, 53 mm. in length from chin to end of scales on middle caudal rays. Paratypes, six, 45–54 mm., measured between the same points. Type in Field Museum of Natural History. Nazareth, Peru. Sept. 10, 1912, W. H. Osgood. Closely allied to C. argyrops Cope. Head 4; depth 4; D. 10; A. 11; scales 6 in transverse series between dorsal and ventral; 24 or 25 + 2 along the middle line; eye 3 or a little more in the head; snout 4.25–4.5; interorbital about 24; caudal peduncle a little less than eye and postorbital portion of the head. - - Origin of dorsal nearly directly over origin of ventrals, equidistant from tip of snout and end of scales on middle of caudal; height of dorsal equals eye and EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA. 233 postorbital part of head; caudal longer than head, the lobes subequal; pectorals not reaching ventrals, ventrals not reaching anal. Iridescent, steel blue above with small, pearly spots along the rows of scales in some specimens. No stripe on head; dorsal spot mostly below the middle of the fin. - - I take pleasure in naming this species for its collector, Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood of the Field Museum of Natural History, of Chicago. - 34. Copeina metae Eigenmann. (Plate XX, fig. 3.) Copeina eigenmanni REGAN (in part), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), X, 1912, p. 393 (“Bogotá.”!). - Copeina meta: EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 23, 1914, p. 229. 13251 a, I. U. M., type, 35 mm., and 34 paratypes, largest 43 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. 3. 15040, I. U. M., 6, largest 49 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. The specimens recorded from Bogotá by Regan, as given above, very probably really came from the Meta Basin, as has been previously mentioned. 35. Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt. 15322, I. U. M., 1, 30 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. 15323, I. U. M., 14, largest 50 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. 36. Leporinus Y-ophorus sp. nov. (Plate XX, fig. 4.) 15025, I. U. M., type, 167 mm. to end of scales on caudal. Barrigón. Gonzales. Head 5; depth 4.66; D. 12; A. 11; scales 6–42–5; eye 2 in snout, 4.5 in the head, 2 in the interorbital; isthmus 3.5 in the head; depth of caudal peduncle 2.4 in the head. - Elongate, subcylindrical; snout subconical; preventral region rounded, with a median series of scales extending to opposite the anterior margin of the pectoral; predorsal area narrowly rounded, without a regular median series of scales. Mouth small, the maxillary reaching to the vertical from behind the anterior nares; interorbital convex. Scales regularly imbricate, without notable differ- ences in size except on the ventral surface in front of the pectorals. Origin of dorsal equidistant between snout and middle of adipose; its margin rounded, the third to ninth rays nearly coterminous when depressed; the third nearly equal to the length of the head; anal truncate when open, the longest rays just reaching the caudal fulcra when depressed. - 234 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. A series of seven bars from the middle of the back to the ventral edge; the second bar Y-shaped, the three limbs of the Y nearly equal in size. Maxillary dark like the bars. - 37. Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann and Henn. Hemigrammus barrigonae EIGENMANN and HENN, Indiana University Studies No. 24, 1914, p. 232 ; EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, p. 161, plate 93, fig. 2. - - 13423 and 13424, I. U. M., 66 specimens, largest 43 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. - 38. Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann and Henn. Hyphessobrycon meta: EIGENMANN and HENN, Indiana University Studies No. 24, 1914, p. 233; EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, p. 203, plate 93, fig. 3. 13421 and 13422, I. U. M., 67 mm., largest 35 mm., Bárrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. 39. Moenkhausia metae sp. nov. (Plate XXXIV, fig. 3.) 15026, I. U. M., type, and paratypes, twenty, 52–74 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. . g . . - 3926 a-d, C. M., and 13951, I. U. M., ten, paratypes, 52–63 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. . Head 4 or nearly 4; average depth 2.5 in the length; D. 11; A. 20–22; scales 6 (more rarely 7)—34 to 36–5 (more rarely 4); eye 2.7–3; interorbital about equal to the eye; maxillary with 2 or 3 teeth; 4 to 6 teeth in the front row of the pre- maxillary. * - Shaped like M. barbouri; preventral area rounded, postventral area narrowly so; predorsal area narrowly rounded, with a median series of nine scales; occipital process 4–4.5 in the distance from its base to the dorsal, bordered by three scales on the side; interorbital convex; second suborbital leaving one-fifth or more of the cheek naked; maxillary 2.8–3 in the head; equal to the distance from the snout to the pupil; usually four or five teeth in the front series of the premaxillary, five teeth in the second series; maxillary usually with two, less frequently with three, teeth; mandible with four large teeth, about nine abruptly smaller teeth on the sides; gill-rakers about 5 + 9 to 11. Scales of the sides with four or more slightly diverging striae; anal sheath consisting of five or six scales along the bases of the anterior rays; scales of caudal largely lost. - Origin of dorsal equidistant from tip of snout and caudal, the longest rays EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 235 longer than the head, 3.5 in the length, equal to the caudal lobes; anal lobe almost equal to the length of the head without the opercle, reaching to or very nearly to the base of the last ray; origin of ventrals nearer to base of last anal ray than to tip of snout; pectorals reaching base or two scales beyond base of outer ventral rays. - : $ - A dark median lateral line; anal dark at margin. One or two faint humeral Spots Or none. - - - Y. 40. Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther). - 13773, 13774 and 13778, I. U. M., four specimens from Caño Carniceria. Apolinar Maria. gº 41. Astyanax abramis (Jenyns). 13777, 13781, 15310 to 15313, I. U. M., eight, largest 130 mm., Caño Carniceria, two days northeast of Villavicencio. Apolinar Maria. The predorsal line is almost entirely naked, the scales are 47 to 49, the anal 27 to 32. . - - * * - The humeral spots are faint. No. 15310, a male 130 mm. long, has a brilliant black band on the caudal peduncle; the pectorals being long and extending past the origin of the ventrals. A female of the same size entirely lacks the black band on the caudal peduncle, and has the pectorals not reaching to the ventrals, and the maxillary shorter than in the male. 42. Astyanax mete Eigenmann. Astyanar meta: EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 11; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, p. 287, plate 87, fig. 4. - - No. Of - Length . Catalog Numbers. Specimens. in mm. Locality. Collector. 5457, C. M., type, 130 mm; 5458, C. M.; 13156, I. U. M., - - - - paratypes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 103–130 Rio Negro, Villavicencio Gonzales 13371, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 141 Barrigón { { 13264, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Largest 146 {{ - & 4 7319, C. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Largest 104. Rio Guatigua 4 ( 13153, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Largest 132 Rio Negro, Villavicencio, { { 13265, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Largest 135 Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio ( ( 13790, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 83 Cumaral Maria 13782, I. U. M. I 112 to base Caño Carniceria ( & of caudal This species is also abundant in Lake Valencia and the Rio Tuy Basin in Venezuela. ass 236 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 43. Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann. Brycomamericus cismontanus EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 5; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 91, fig. 4. - 5459, C. M., type, 60 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. ? 5460, C. M., 13155, I. U. M., 2, 43 and 50 mm., Rio Orduiza. Gonzales. 44. Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann. Bryconamericus deuterodonoides EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 5; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 91, fig. 3. 5461, C. M., type, 43 mm.; 5462 a-f, C. M.; 13156, I. U. M., paratypes 13, largest 48 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. - 45. Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann. Bryconamericus alpha EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1914, p. 7; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 91, fig. 1. 5463 a, C. M., type, 59 mm.; 5464 a-c, C. M.; 13157, I. U. M., paratypes six, largest 64 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. 7066 a-i, C. M.; 13258, I. U. M., many, largest 76 mm. Rio Meta at Barrigðn. Gonzales. 13259, I. U. M., 16, 35–62 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Gonzales. Habitat: Base of Andes, east of Bogotá. Allied to B. caucanus, differing among other things in the shorter maxillary. Head 4–4.25; depth 2.75–3; D. 10; A. 23/7, 24/4, 25/1, 26/4, 27/1; scales 6 or 7–39 or 40–4 or 5; eye 2.66 in head, a little greater than interorbital. - Maxillary considerably less than the eye; mandible with four or five large teeth and smaller ones on the side; maxillary with 2/3, 3/4, 4/2 teeth (the denom- inator represents the number of specimens). - A vertical humeral spot; a broad lateral band (black in formalin specimens). possibly slightly broader on the caudal peduncle, continued as a dusky band to the end of the middle caudal rays. Base of anal hyaline, shading to a dark margin, This species may prove to be B. caucanus from across the Andes. The two species are certainly very closely related. 46. Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann. Brycomamericus beta EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 19, 1913, p. 7; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 91, fig. 2. 5465 a, C. M., type, 57 mm.; 5466 a-d, C. M.; 13158, I. U. M., nine paratypes, largest 75 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. . 237 13257, I. U. M., thirteen, largest 58 mm., Villavicencio, Quebrada Cramalote. Gonzales. -- - 15140, I. U. M., El Concejo, Tuy Basin near Caracas. Pearse. Habitat: Base of Andes east of Bogotá and northern Venezuela. Head 4–4.25; depth 2.65–2.8; D. usually 10, rarely 9; A. 25/1, 26/2, 27/6, 28/2, 29/4, 30/1; scales 5 or 6–36/2, 37/4, 38/1, 39/1–2 or 4 to ventrals. Eye 2.8– 3, equal to or slightly less than interorbital; maxillary teeth 4/1, 3/2, 2/6, length of maxillary about two-thirds of the eye. (In the above fractions, the denom- inator represents the number of individuals having the given character). Base of upper caudal lobe scaled for one-fourth, that of the lower for one- third, of its length. Ventrals reaching to or not quite to the anal; pectorals about to ventrals; sometimes falling a little short or extending a little beyond origin of ventrals. Color much faded, a black line in the dark lateral band, which extends to the end of the middle caudal rays. A transverse humeral band; an obscure caudal spot. 7065 a-e, C. M., 13256, I. U. M., thirty-three, largest 68 mm., Rio Meta at Barrigón. Gonzales. - - These specimens are better preserved than the types. The pectorals extend to the second scale beyond the origin of the ventrals, rarely to the end of the third scale or only to the origin of the ventrals. D. 9/2, 10/18; A. 26/1, 28/7, 29/5, 30/5, 31/1, 32/1; head 4.25–4.66; scales 37/1, 38/6, 39/1. The humeral spot is frequently well marked, crossing the second and third scales of the lateral line; the lateral band overlying the black line is very faint except on the caudal peduncle where it widens and becomes darker. Anal with basal or subbasal part dusky, the entire fin sometimes uniformly dusky, the margin very rarely darker than the rest of the fin. CREATOCHANES Günther. . 47. Creatochanes affinis Günther. 13775, I. U. M., two, Caño Carniceria. Apolinar Maria. The general characters are those of C. affinis. The upper caudal lobe is very much darker, its basal spot as prominent as in C. caudomaculatus; maxillary reaching to end of second premaxillary. Scales 7–48; A. 29. 48. Creatochanes caudomaculatus Günther. 13974, I. U. M., three, locality and collector in doubt. 238 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 49. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann. Creagrutus beni EIGENMANN, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 56, fig. 3; plate 93, figs. 4, 5, 7. - SPECIMENS COLLECTED BY MANUEL GONZALES. No. Of Length Catalog Numbers. - Specimens. in mm. . Locality. 5480 a., C. M.; 13173, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 78–84 Rio San Gil, Santander 5481 a-c, C. M.; 13174, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 54–80 Rio Guadrigua 5482 a-g, C. M.; 13175, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 47–84 Rio Negro, Villavicencio 5488 a, C. M.; 13179, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - Rio Roncador 13372, I. U. M. . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 54–73 Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio 13373, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42–80 Barrigón, Rio Meta STEVARDIA Gill. 50. Stevardia aliata Eigenmann. Stewardia aliata EIGENMANN, Indiana University Studies No. 20, 1914, p. 37; Mem. Mus. Comp. Zoël., XLIII, 1921, plate 83, fig. 4. - 5215, C. M., type, a male 75 mm.; 5489, C. M.; 13180, I. U. M., twenty-one - paratypes, largest 77 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 5490, C. M.; 13181, I. U. M. three paratypes, largest 51 mm., Rio Guadrigua. Gonzales. . • 51. Charax metae sp. nov. (Plate XXV, fig. 1.) 15027, I. U. M., type and paratypes, thirty-five, 47–149 mm., the largest the type, Barrigón. Gonzales. - - - ar 3846 a-j, C. M., paratypes, twenty-one, 63–130 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villa- vicencio. Gonzales. - - Closely allied to C. pauciradiatus of the Amazon. Head 3.6–3.8; depth 2.7–3 (2.66 in C. pauciradiatus); D. 11; A. 42/6, 43/2, 44/1, 45/5, 46/1 (45–49 in C. pauciradiatus); scales 50/1, 51/1, 52/2, 53/2, 54/6, 56/2 (55–57 in C. pauciradiatus); eye equals interorbital or snout, 3.5 in the head. Elongate, the back less humped than in C. gibbosus; breast flat without a regular median series of scales; postventral area compressed; dorsal profile from base of occipital process to dorsal formning a are of a circle, the radius of which is equal to the distance between the snout and the dorsal; profile of head concave, maxillary extending beyond the posterior edge of the preorbital; premaxillary- maxillary border a little more than two-thirds of the length of the head; distance from the eye to the lower angle of the cheek about equal to snout and half the eye. Gill-rakers 5 + 8 or 9, the longest about half the length of the eye. Origin of EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 239. dorsal about equidistant between snout and caudal, its height about 3.5 in the length; caudal lobes about 4 in the length; origin of anal about equidistant from tip of snout and base of caudal, its margin very slightly concave; ventrals reaching to or a little beyond origin of anal; pectorals to middle of ventrals. Scales regularly imbricate, without radials, largest over abdominal cavity, smallest on predorsal area. Lateral line nearly straight; fins naked. - Reticulate, a dark streak from eye obliquely down and back to the preopercle; a large spot on end of caudal peduncle continued on the middle caudal rays. Anal with numerous chromatophores, frequently those on different levels of the rays differently expanded, giving rise to a dark margin or a submarginal streak. • , , 52. Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch). 13786, I. U. M., one, 99 mm., Cumaral. Maria. 15308, I. U. M., one, 163 mm. to end of middle caudal rays. Maria. 53. Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus. 13795, I. U. M., Cumaral. Maria. - This is the most widely distributed Gymnotid and the one reaching furthest north. It occurs from Guatemala south and east of the Andes to the Rio de la Plata. It was taken in the San Juan and the Atrato, but not in Panama. 54. Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch and Schneider). 5619 a, C. M., 72 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13788, I. U. M., Cumaral. Maria. - This widely distributed species occurs from the Rio Paraguay on the south, throughout northwestern South America, including the Atrato and Magdalena Basins. It occurs also in Pacific slope streams such as the San Juan, Patia, and Guayas Basins. - 55. Rivulus hartii (Boulenger). Rivulus hartii HENN, Ann. Carnegie Mus., X, 1916, p. 108. 13608, I. U. M., 3, 25–46 mm., Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13609, I. U. M., 2, 23–47 mm., Barrigón, Rio Meta. Gonzales. ~! ſ APISTOGRAMMUs Regan. */ CZ ~ *--- - 56. Apistogrammus taeniatum. (Günther). 3930, C. M., 50 mm., Rio Negro, Villavicencio. Gonzales. 240 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 57. Apistogrammus corumbae (Eigenmann). 15018, I. U. M., 37–43 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. CRENICICHLA Heckel. 58. Crenicichla geayi Pellegrin. 3866 a, C. M., 59 mm., Villavicencio. Gonzales. 13780, I. U. M., one specimen, 105 mm., locality doubtful. Maria. - 13784, 13785, 13792, 13793, I. U. M., six specimens, 65–96 mm., Cumaral. Maria. Also one specimen, 200 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. - 59. AEquidens mariae sp. nov. (Plate XXX, fig. 1.) No. of Length - Catalog Number. Specimens. in mm. - - Locality. - Collector. - 15011, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 11 60–110, the largest the type Barrigón Gonzales 13794, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 2 61 and 82, paratypes Cumaral Maria 13776, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 1 54 to base of caudal Caño Carniceria & 4 13968, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 5 35–72 Rio Negro, Villavicencio Gonzales 14154, I. U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 1 118 East of Bogotá { { U. M. . . . . . . . . . . 1 88 Quebrada Cramalote, { { 15012, I. - Villavicencio Head 2.8–3; depth 2.33–2.4; D. XIV (or rarely XIII), 9 or 10; A. III, 8 or 9; scales 26 in the median line to the base of the caudal, pores 16 + 12, + 2 scales with pores on the base of the caudal; two scales between the branches of the lateral line, 1.25 scales between the lateral line and the soft dorsal; eye 2.66–3.25 in the length of the head; interorbital 2.5–2.75 in the head; the sixth dorsal spine 2.66–3 in the head. Center of eye in center of head or nearer snout than end of opercle by diameter of pupil or less; preorbital from two-thirds to exactly diameter of eye; soft dorsal and anal pointed, the former not quite reaching middle of caudal; caudal emarginate (sometimes rounded), the outer rays prolonged, equal to the length of the head; anal shorter than dorsal; ventrals reaching beyond origin of anal; pectorals about equal to the length of the head; six gill-rakers ; three series of scales on the cheeks, preopercle naked; dorsal and anal naked. - A dark band across the nape and along the upper part of the sides around the end of the soft dorsal, or to the base of the last rays; a narrow dark edge to the hinder orbital border, continued as a broader dark stripe from below the middle of the eye to the angle, or just below the angle of the preopercle; a faint dark bar between the anterior parts of the eyes; five or six dark shades entirely across the sides, sometimes forming spots where they cross the longitudinal band; dusky TEIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 241 longitudinal stripes between the rows of scales, wider or narrower than the light stripes along the middle of the scales; a small dark spot above the middle of the base of the caudal; the edges of the soft dorsal, anal, and the upper and lower margins of the caudal, dark; the Soft dorsal and the caudal and sometimes the last anal membranes with hyaline spots; tips of membranes between the dorsal spines without color, a dark, oblique line below these; cheeks with spots and lines. 60. AEquidens metae sp. nov. (Plate XXX, fig. 2.) 13967, I. U. M., type, 155 mm., paratype, 168 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. 13779, I. U. M., 1, 110 mm., Caño Carniceria. Maria. 13797, I. U. M., 2, 51–59 mm., Cumaral. Maria. 15017, I. U. M., 8, 22–46 mm., Barrigón. Gonzales. Head 3; depth 2.25; D. XIV or XV, 12; A. III, 8 to 10; scales 24; pores 16 + 12; eye nearly 4 in the length of the head; interorbital 2.2–2.3; last dorsal spine nearly half as long as the head, the sixth dorsal spine 3.5 in the head, 2.75 in the young. . - - Eye slightly behind the middle of the head, nearer the snout in the young ; preorbital a little wider than the eye, much narrower than the eye in the young; jaws equal, dorsal spines but slightly graduate; soft dorsal pointed, extending beyond the middle of the caudal; caudal rounded, longer than the head; anal pointed, but little shorter than the caudal; ventrals reaching beyond the origin of the dorsal; pectorals a little longer than the head; six gill-rakers; three series of Scales on the cheeks; preopercle naked; end of upper lateral line one and one-half Scales from the dorsal; dorsal and anal naked. : - A black ocellus at the base of the upper caudal lobe; a dark bar along the anterior edge of the preopercle; a dark stripe from the upper angle of the gill- opening to in front of the caudal ocellus, interrupted in front and behind the lateral bar at the end of the pectoral; about six obscure bars, the middle one bordered by light in front and behind, and intensified into a spot below the lateral line; a light band across the end of the caudal peduncle. Anal blue-black, with a few light spots On the posterior membranes; dorsal margined with dark, the membranes of the Soft part having obscure spots along the basal portion in front of the prolonged part, the membranes behind this with light spots along their entire length; caudal with light streaks along the membrane to the distal two fifths, where it is crossed by about five series of translucent spots. APPENDIX II. BIBLIOGRAPHY. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF PAPERS DEALING WITH THE FISHES OF PANAMA, COLOMBIA, WESTERN ECUADOR, AND WESTERN PERU. BY C. H. EIGRNMANN. In the following Bibliography I have listed all the principal papers making contributions to the fauna of the area, exclusive of such general works as Günther, Catalogue of the Fishes of the British Museum, and Cuvier and Valenciennes, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. - Several papers stand out. These are Steindachner 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1902; Boulenger 1898 and 1899, and the numerous short papers of Regan, especially those of 1913 and 1914, and his larger volumes, 1907–08. The most important single paper is that of Meek and Hildebrand, 1916. ABBOTT, JAMES FRANCIS. : - - 1899. The Marine Fishes of Peru. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences Phila- delphia, 1899, pp. 324–364. - Describes, p. 342, Pisciregia beardsleei gen. et spec. nov. = Basilichthys semo- tilus (Cope). - BAYERN, PRINCESSIN THERESE voN. - 1900. Vorlaiifiger Bericht tiber einige wahrend einer Reise nach Südamerika, 1898, gesammelte neue Fische. Anz. K. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XXXVII, pp. 206–208. - These fishes were later dealt with in detail by Steindachner, 1902, g. v. BEAN, BARTON A. - - 1908. On Ctenolucius Gill, a Neglected Genus of Characin Fishes, with Notes on the Typical Species. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, XXXIII, 1908, pp. 701–703. Calls attention to the genus Ctenolucius described by Gill, 1861. BoulBNGER, G. A. 1887. On New Siluroid Fishes from the Andes of Colombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5), XIX, pp. 348-350. - - Describes Stygogenes guentheri, Chaptostomus setosus, and Trichomycterus nigromaculatus. 242 EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 243 The following table gives the species listed by Boulenger (1898–9) in his “Poissons de l'Equateur.” (See p. 244.) Rios Mira Guayaquil. - Santiago and Chota. Basin. Basin. Arius labiatus sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hoplias microlepis . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . Lebiasina bimaculata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Piabucina elongata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Astyanaa brevirostris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & 4 - Brycomamericus simus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X & & rutilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hemibrycon polyodon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brycon atricaudatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X “ dentea. . . . . . . . , e º e s s tº º e s tº e º e º a tº e º e º a . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . 1 º & 4 ×3 “ alburnus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salminus affinis? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leporinus frederici? ecuadoriensis. . . . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Curimatus troscheli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { { guentheri = boulengeri . . . . . . . Prochilodus humeralis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { { nigricans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pimelodus buckleyi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhamdia cinerascens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & 4 humilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - parvus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pygidium kneri . . . . . . . . . . - & 4 tanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X4 X 5 & 4 . L O p t C 0. r 7 Ol, fr € 70 at 0. F- p 0. 70, Ö, 777, € n Si S : & 4 Plecostomus Spinosissimus as festa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X Chaetostomus microps" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . { { dermorhynchus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . - - X platycephalus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . - Sternarchus albifrons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eigenmannia (equilabiatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X Poecilia festa". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acara rivulata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X “ syspilus. . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - Héros festaº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X Crenicichla Sawatilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - X Sicydium salvinë. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . | X - & & : X * Probably peruanus. *The specimen from Zamora probably a different species. *If this is really striatulus it is found on both slopes. “It may be doubted whether this identification is correct. * This identification needs verification. "Chaºtostomus brevis Regan. " West of Guayaquil. “As Oreogobius rosenbergii. 244 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 1890. Descriptions of Two New Species of the Siluroid Genus Arges. Proceedings Zoëlogical Society London, 1890, 450–452, pl. 41. - ſº, Describes Arges taczanowski and Arges whymper. 1895. Description of a New Characinoid Fish of the Genus Parodon. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (6), XVI, 1895, p. 480. Describes Parodon caliensis. 1898 and 1899. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell' Ecuador e regioni vicine. Pois- sons de l'Équateur (Première partie). Bollettino dei Musei di Zoëlogia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 329, 13 pp. (Deuxième partie), No. 335, 8 pp. (For list see p. 243.) The following table gives the species listed by Boulenger (1899) in his “Poissons de l’Amérique Centrale.” (See p. 245.) º ài ! | i : ; Engraulis ischanus Jordan & Gilbert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - + Piabucina festa Boulenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - Astyanaa fasciatus (Cuvier). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + + Roeboides guatemalensis Gthr. (= occidentalis?). . . . . . . . . . . ." | + Curimatus magdalenae Steind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poecilia mea'icana Steind. ( = ?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + “ elongata Gthr. (= Poeciliopsis elongata) . . . . . . . . . . . Mugil hospes Jordan. (= Joturus pichardiº) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centropomºus ensiferus Poey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesoprion griseus C. & W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lobotes Surinamensis Bloch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corvina vermicularis Gthr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ ensifera Jordan & Gilbert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - “ Strabo Gthr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + - + + Gobius Soporator C. & V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eutenogobius saggitula Gthr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + Porichthys notatus Girard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hippoglossina Sabanensis Boulenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arius dović Gill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ guatemalensis Gthr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - + planiceps Steind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “ multiradiatus Steind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + AElurichthys pinnimaculatus Steind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polynemus approacimans Lay & Bennett. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “. . humeralis Gthr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chorinemus occidentalis Linnaeus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + f I + i { { + –H f EIGENMANN : FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 245 BoulBNGER, G. A. 1899. Description of a New Genus of Gobioid Fishes from the Andes of Ecuador. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (7), IV, 1899, pp. 125-126. - Describes Oreogobius rosenbergii = Sicydium salvini Grant. 1899. Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nel Darien e regione vicine. Poissons de l’Amérique Centrale. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università Torino, XIV, 1899, No. 346, 4 pp. (v. p. 244). 1902. Description of Two New Fishes of the Genus Loricaria from Northwestern Ecuador. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (7), IX, 1902, pp. 69–71. Describes Loricaria frenata = Sturisoma panamense and Loricaria jubata. - - - 1903. Description of a New Fish of the Genus Arges from Venezuela. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (7), XI, June 1903, pp. 601 and 602. Describes Arges orientalis. - 1911. Description of Three New Characinid Fishes from Southwestern Colombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8), VII, pp. 212–213. - Describes Lebiasima multimaculata; Luciocharaac striatus = Ctenolucius beami (Fowler); Curimatus lineopunctatus. - - CoPE, EDWARD D. ... • . 1874. Description of Some Species of Reptiles obtained by Dr. John F. Bransford, Assistant Surgeon United States Navy, while attached to the Nicaraguan Surveying Expedition in 1873. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, pp. 64–72. - - - Describes in a footnote, p. 66, Protistius Semotilus gen, et sp. nov. 1874. On Some Batrachia and Nematognathi brought from the Upper Amazon by Prof. Orton. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1874, pp. 120–134. - Records, p. 132, Trichomycterus rivulatus from Arequipa. - 1877. Synopsis of the Cold-blooded Vertebrata Procured by Prof. James Orton during his Exploration of Peru in 1876–77. Proceedings American Philo- sophical Society, XVII, 1877, pp. 33–49. - Notes on Trichomycterus pardus, p. 46, and poeyanus, p. 47. - 1878. Synopsis of the Fishes of the Peruvian Amazon obtained by Professor Orton during his Expeditions of 1873 and 1877. Proceedings American Philo- sophical Society, 1878, pp. 673–701. Describes in an Addendum, p. 700, Gastropterus archaeus gen. et sp. nov. = Basilichthys semotilus. & DAY, FRANCIS. r - 1891. Cyclopium cyclopum Humboldt. Supplementary Appendix to Whymper's “Travels amongst the Great Andes of the Equator.” London, 1891, pp. 137–139. 246 * MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Records several species of Astroblepus under the above name. See Boulenger, 1890, and Regan, 1904, for a discussion of the same specimens. EIGENMANN, C. H., AND FoRDICE, MoRTON W. 1885. A Review of the American Eleotridinae. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 1885, pp. 66–80. * - Defines the genera and species of this subfamily from Panama, etc. EIGENMANN, CARL H., AND ROSA. SMITH. - - 1888. A List of the American Species of Gobiidae and Callionymidae, with Notes - on the Specimens Contained in the Museum of Comparative Zoëlogy at Cambridge, Massachusetts. Proceedings California Academy Sciences, (2), I, 1888, pp. 51–78. • - - Records specimens from Panama and Ecuador. 1889. Preliminary Notes on South American Nematognathi II, Proceedings California Academy Sciences, (2), II, 1889, pp. 28–56. Describes Loricaria panamensis sp. nov., Panama, and Ancistrus chagres; sp. nov., from the Chagres. - 1890. A Revision of the South American Nematognathi. Occasional Papers California Academy Sciences, I, 1890, pp. 1–508. Defines genera and species and gives synonymy, bibliography, and distribution. 1891. Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of South America. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, XIV, pp. 1–81. - - Discusses principles of distribution and lists the species. EIGENMANN, CARL H. 1893. Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Central America and Southern Mexico. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, 1893, pp. 53–60. Supplements the preceding paper. 1903. New Genera of South American Fresh-water Fishes and New Names for Some Old Genera. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, XLV., pp. 144–148. . - - 4 sº Defines Othonophanes, Gilbertella = Gilbertolus. 1905. The Fishes of Panama. Science, N. S., XXII, pp. 18–20. - Discusses the relation of the fishes of the Chagres and those from the Pacific side. EIGENMANN, CARL H., AND OGLE, FLETCHER. - - 1907. An Annotated List of Characin Fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with Descriptions of New Species. Proceedings U. S. National Museum, XXXIII, 1907, pp. 1–36. Describes the following new genera and species from Panama and the IEIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 247 3&- Atrato basin: Gilbertolus, Curimatus boulenger, Prochilodus beami, Hemi- grammus inconstans, Astyanaa emperador, A. atratoënsis, Charaa atratoënsis, s Astyanaa: orthodus. EIGENMANN, CARL H. - 1908. Preliminary Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Tetragonopterid Characins, Zoëlogical Results of the Thayer Brazilian Expedition. Bulle- tin Museum Comparative Zoëlogy, LII, 1908, pp. 93-106. - Describes Hyphessobrycon panamensis from Panama. - 1909. The Fresh-water Fishes of Patagonia and an Examination of the Archiplata- Archhelenis Theory. Reports of the Princeton University Ea:pedition to Patagonia, III, 305, 310, 315. - - Lists the species, discusses distribution, and outlines the Panama problems. - 1911. Description of Two New Tetragonopterid Fishes in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (8), VII, pp. 215–217. Describes Nematobrycon palmer, and Knodus meridae. 1912. Some Results from an Ichthyological Reconnaissance of Colombia, South X- America. Part I. Indiana University Studies, No. 16, September 1912. (Issued December 23.) - - Describes four new genera and thirty-one new species. -- 1913. The same; Part II. Indiana University Studies, No. 18, March 1913. (Issued June 3.) !- - Describes two new genera and twenty-six new species. 1914. New Fishes from Western Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Indiana Univer- sity Studies, No. 19, 1914, pp. 1–15. * Describes four new genera and eighteen new species from Colombia and Ecuador. 1914. Some Results from Studies of South American Fishes. Indiana University Studies, No. 20, 1914, pp. 4–26. - Describes Stewardia aliata. 1914. On New Species of Fishes from the Rio Meta Basin of Eastern Colombia and on Albino or Blind Fishes from near Bogotá. Indiana University Studies, No. 23, 1914, pp. 229–230. - Describes Copeina metae, Otocinclus spectabilis, and Corydoras meta". EIGENMANN, CARL H., AND HENN, ARTHUR WILBUR. - - 1914. On New Species of Fishes from Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil. Indiana University Studies, No. 24, 1914, pp. 231–234. - Describes Rhoadsia minor, Hemigrammus barrigona, Hyphessobrycon Trletoe. 248 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EIGENMANN, CARL H., AND FISHER, HomER G. - 1914. The Gymnotidae of Trans-andean Colombia and Ecuador. Indiana Uni- versity Studies, No. 25, 1914, pp. 235–237. Describes Sternarchus mariae. - EIGENMANN, CARL H. 1915. The Cheirodontinae, a Subfamily of Minute Characid Fishes of South America. Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, p. 1–99, map, and plates II–YVII. - ... " - - Describes and figures the species of this subfamily including those - from the present area. - 1916. Apareiodon, a New Genus of Characid Fishes. Annals Carnegie Museum, |X, 1916, pp. 71–76. 1916. New and Rare Fishes from South American Rivers. Annals Carnegie - Museum, X, 1916, pp. 77–86. - Figures Corydoras metae, Otocinclus spectabilis, and describes Trachy- corystes fisheri, Imparfinis microps, Nannorhamdia nemacheir, Cetopso- rhamdia nasus gen, et spec. nov., Ancistrus melas, Hemiancistrus landoni, Pseudancistrus carnegiei. 1916. Description of Three New Species of Characid Fishes. Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, pp. 87–90. Describes Leporinus ecuadoriensis and Astyanaa magdalena. - 1916. On the Species of Salminus. Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, pp. 91–92. - Gives key to the four species including that from the Rio Magdalena. 1917. Pimelodella and Typhlobagrus. Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1917, pp. 251-258, Plates XXXIII, XXXIV, and XXXV. - * = Lists and gives a key to the species, and lists the specimens from this area. . 1917. Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Pygidiidae. Proceedings American - Philosophical Society, LVI, 1917, pp. 690–703. - - P. latilens, metas, stramineum, dorsostriatum, latistriatum, regami, from the present area. - 1917. The American Characidae. Memoirs Museum Comparative Zoology, XLIII, 1918. Parts I–III issued, other parts in press and in preparation. Describes and figures the species of this family. - 1917. Eighteen New Species of Fishes from Northwestern South America. Pro- * ceedings American Philosophical Society, LVI, 1917, pp. 673–689. Describes the following from the present area: Astroblepus latilens, cyclopus, Santanderensis, frenatus, grivalvii, micrescens, Hemiancistrus wilsoni, Pseudancistrus pediculatus, Ancistrus triradiatus, Chaetostomus leucomelas, EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 249 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1920a. 1920b, 1920C. 19206. 1920e. 1920f. 1921. Joturus daguaº, Stolephorus branchiomelas, Stellifer melanocheir, Pomadasys Sinwosus, Hemieleotris levis, Sicyolium hºldebrandi, Gobius daguae, Awaous decemlineatus, Brycon ecuadoriensis, Brycon meeki. : * The Pygidiidae. Proceedings Indiana Academy of Sciences, 1917, pp. 59–66. The Pygidiidae, a Family of South American Catfishes. Memoirs Carnegie Museum, VII, 1918, pp. 259–373, plates XXXVI—LVI. The Irwin Expedition. Science, (N.S.) L., Aug., 1919, pp. 100–102. The Irwin Expedition. Indiana University Alumni Quarterly, Jan., 1920, pp. 1–16. . e The Fishes of Lake Valencia, Caracas, and of the Rio Tuy at El Concejo, Venezuela. Indiana University Studies, No. 44, March 1, 1920, pp. 1–13, plates I–III. South America West of the Maracaibo, Orinoco, Amazon, and Titicaca Basins, and the Horizontal Distribution of its Fresh-water Fishes. Indiana University Studies, No. 45, June, 1920, pp. 1–24. Gives tables showing the horizontal distribution of 386 species and varieties. The Fishes of the Rivers Draining the Western Slope of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia (Rios Atrato, San Juan, Dagua, and Patia). Indiana University Studies, No. 46, Sept., 1920, pp. 1–19. - While there has been intermigration between the San Juan and the Atrato, the low continental divide between these two rivers at Istmina has been an effective barrier against the southward migration of a number of genera. - The Fish Fauna of the Cordillera of Bogotá. Journal Washington Academy Science, X, Oct., 1920, pp. 460–468. Deals with the fishes in the higher waters of the Cordillera of Bogotá. The Fresh-water Fishes of Panama East of Longitude 80° W. Indiana University Studies, No. 47A, Dec., 1920, pp. 3–19. - Demonstrates that the fishes of the Chagres River came in part from the north, in part from the Atrato, via the Tuyra and Chepo Rivers. The Magdalena Basin and the Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of its Fishes. Indiana University Studies, No. 47B, Dec., 1920, pp. 20–34. The original fauna of the Magdalena was segregated from the eastern fauna by the formation of the Cordillera of Bogotá within the life of many of the present species. - The Origin and Distribution of the Genera of the Fishes of South America West of the Maracaibo, Orinoco, and Amazon Basins. Proceedings Amer- ican Philosophical Society, LX, 1921, pp. 1–6. - 250 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. The present genera were in small part derived from the ocean, in Small part through immigration from the north, in large part by Segregation from the east with, or without, subsequent modification. - EVERMANN, BARTON WARREN, AND KENDALL, WILLIAM CoNVERSE. 1905. An Interesting Species of Fish from the High Andes of Central Ecuador. . Proceedings Biological Society of Washington, XVIII, 1905, pp. 91–106. Discusses specific characters within the genus Cyclopium. EVERMANN, BARTON WARREN, AND GOLDSBOROUGH, E. L. - 1910. Notes on Some Fishes from the Canal Zone. Proceedings Biological Society Washington, XXII, pp. 95–104. - - Describes Cheirodon gorgon.08. 1910. Further Notes on Fishes from the Canal Zone, ibid., XXIII, pp. 3–6. EvKRMANN, BARTON WARREN, AND RADCLIFFE, L. • 1917. The Fishes of the West Coast of Peru and the Titicaca Basin. Bulletin U. S. National Museum, No. 95, pp. 1–166. - Deals mostly with marine fishes. Reviews also the fresh-water fishes of western Peru. FowlFR, HENRY W. 1903. Descriptions of New, Little Known, and Typical Atherinidae. Proceedings - Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1903, pp. 737-742. Redescribes and figures Protistius semotilus Cope, p. 737, plate XLIV, and Gasteropterus archaeus, p. 738, plate XLIII. 1906. Further Knowledge of Some Heterognathous Fishes. Part I. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1906, pp. 293–351, ibid. Part II, pp. 431–483, with 60 figures. . - ... • Gives descriptions of specimens in the Academy’s Collections, among them, p. 465, Belonocharaa beani gen, et spec. nov., based on specimens referred by Gill, 1861, to Ctenolucius. - 1911. New Fresh-water Fishes from Western Ecuador. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1911, pp. 493–520. - - Describes Prochilodus stigmaturus, Rhoadsia altipinna, Brycon scap- wlaris, Astyanaa: notemigonoides, Astyanaa: Sciurus, Piabucina aureoguttata, - and AEquidens a2wrifera. - 1915. Notes on Nematognathous Fishes. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1945, pp. 203–244. - Notes on p. 228, Pygidium rivulatum = pardus = plurae, and p. 229, Pygidium poeyanum, and p. 242, Cyclopium chimborazoi. GARMAN, SAMUEL W. - - 1877. On the Pelvis and External Sexual Organs of Selachians. Proceedings Boston Society Natural History, XIX, pp. 210. - Deals in part with Potamotrygon. 34% EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 251 * 1895. The Cyprinodonts. Memoirs Museum Comparative Zoology, XIX, No. 1, 1895, pp. 5–179, plates I-XII. A monograph of all the American Cyprinodontidae. 1913. The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates, and Rays). Memoirs Museum Com- parative Zoëlogy, XXXVI, 1913, pp. 1–515. 77 plates. - . . Considers among others Potamotrygon magdalenae. GILL, THEODORE. - - 1861. The Fishes. Letter to Arthur Schott, Dated: Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., January 14, 1861, in Senate 36th Congress, 26 Session, Ea. Doc. No. 9, pp. 257–259, 1861. - Contains a list of genera collected during a “Survey for an interoceanic ship-canal near the Isthmus of Darien.” (Ctenolucinus, err, typ.) - Catalogue of the Fishes of the Eastern Coast of North America, etc. Supplement Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1861, p. 8. Describes genus Ctenolucius Gill. *#- 1863. Descriptive enumeration of a collection of fishes from the Western Coast of - Central America, Presented to the Smithsonian Institution, by Capt. John M. Dow. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1863, pp. 162–174. • . 1876. Notes on Fishes from the Isthmus of Panama, Collected by Dr. J. F. Brans- ford, U.S. N. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1876, pp. 335–339. - - - Describes as new : Platypecilus mentalis = Mollienisia sphenops; Piabucina panamensis; Rhamdia bransfordii = Rhamdia wagneri; Lori- - caria bransfordii = Loricaria uracantha. - GRANT, WILLIAM Robert OGILVIE. -- 1884. A Revision of the Fishes of the Genera Sicydium and Lentipes, with De- scriptions of Five New Species. Proceedings Zoological Society London, 1884, pp. 153–172, pls. - Describes Sicydium salvini. GüNTHER, ALBERT. - - - - * 1859. List of Cold-blooded Vertebrata Collected by Mr. Fraser in the Andes of Western Ecuador. Proceedings Zoëlogical Society London, 1859, pp. 89–93. - Describes Arges brachycephalus and Leporinus mülleri. & 1859. Second List of Cold-blooded Vertebrata Collected by Mr. Fraser in the Andes of Western Ecuador. Proceedings Zoëlogical Society London, 1859, pp. 402–420, pl. 2. * - Describes Chromis rivulata, Anodus troschelii, Prochilodus humeralis, Chalceus alburnus, Chalceus brevirostris. . 252 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 1860. Third List of Cold-blooded Vertebrata Collected by Mr. Fraser in Ecuador. Proceedings Zoological Society of London, 1860, pp. 233–234, pl. 10. Describes Pimelodus cinerascens, P. elongatus, P. modestus, Brycon dentea. 1864. On Some New Species of Central American Fishes. Proceedings Zoëlogical Society of London, 1864, pp. 23–27, pls. 3 & 4; Annals and Magazine Natural History, (3), XIV, pp. 227—232. 1868. An Account of the Fishes of the States of Central America based on Collec- . tions made by Capt. J. M. Dow, F. Godman, Esq., and O. Salvin, Esq. Transactions Zoological Society London, VI, 1868, pp. 377–494, pls. 63– 87. Read March 22, 1864, and December 13, 1866. A general account of all of the fishes from Panama to Mexico. HENN, ARTHUR. 4 - - - 1916. On Various South American Poeciliid Fishes. Annals Carnegie Museum, X, 1916, pp. 93–142, plates XVIII-XXI. Describes and figures species from the present area. The new species are: Rivulus magdalenae, Gambusia caliensis, Diphyacantha chocoènsis, Neo- heterandria elegans. HoDTON, ISAAC F. - 1857. “New Granada: Twenty Months in the Andes.” New York, Harper Bros. Very good general account and record of travel. dº HUMBOLDT, A. VON. - - 1811. Mémoire sur l’Erémophilus et l’Astroblepus, deux nouveaux genres de l'Ordre des Apodes. Recueil d’Observations de Zoëlogie et d’Anatomie, I, pp. 17–20, pls. VI and VII. Originally published in 1805. 1811a. Mémoire sur une Nouvelle Espèce de Gymnote de la Rivière de la Made- laine, ibid., I, 46–48, pl. X. Originally published in 1807. HUMBOLDT, A. VON, AND VALENCIENNES, A. - - 1833. Recherches sur les Poissons Fluviatiles de l’Amérique Equinoxiale. Recueil d'Observations de Zoologie et d’Anatomie Comparée, ibid., II, pp. 141–216, origi- nally published in 1817. Johnson, R. D. O. 1912. Notes on the Habits of a Climbing Catfish (Arges marmoratus) from the - Republic of Colombia. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, XXII, pp. 327–333. Excellent account of the habits. JoFDAN, DAVID STARR, AND EVERMANN, BARTON WARREN. 1896–1900. The Fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin U. S. National Museum, No. 47, part I, 1896, part II, 1898, part III and part IV, 1900. EIGENMANN FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 253 KNER, RUDOLPH, AND STEINDACHNER, FRANZ. 1864. Neue Gattungen und Arten von Fischen aus Central-Amerika. Abhand- e lungen der Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, IIRI., Bd. X., Abth. I, 1864, pp. 1–59, 6 plates. - Describes Heros altifrons, H. sieboldii, Acara caruleopunciata, Eleoiris pictus, Engraulis macrolepidotus, E. poeyi, Xiphophorus gilli, Saccodon wagneri gen. et sp. nov., Pseudochalceus lineatus gen. et sp. nov., Chalcinopsis striatulus gen, et sp. nov., Chalcinopsis chagrensis, Chalceus atrocaudatus, Bagrus arioides, Trichomycterus taºnia, T. laticeps, Loricaria uracantha. MEEK, SETH E., AND HILDEBRAND, SAMUEL F. - 1912. Descriptions of New Fishes from Panama. Field Museum Natural History, Publication 158, Zoëlogical Series, Vol. X, No. 6, pp. 67–68. - Describes Astyanaa: grandis = A. fasciatus (Cuv.), Hemigrammus ninutus = Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin, Deuterodon atrocaudata = Gephyrocharaa, atrocaudata; Creagrutus notropoides, Eleotris latifasciatus. 1913. New Species of Fishes from Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 166, Zoëlogical Series, Vol. X, No. 8, pp. 77–91. *. Describes twenty-six new species. - 1916. The Fishes of the Freshwaters of Panama. Field Museum of Natural History, Publication 191, Zoëlogical Series, X, No. 15, pp. 217–374. A monograph of the fresh-water fishes of Panama. PELLEGRIN, JACQUES. 1904. Contribution a l’étude anatomique, biologique, et taxonomique des Poissons de la famille des Cichlidés. Mémoires de la Société Zoëlogique de France, |XVI, 1904, pp. 41–402, pls. 4–7. - 1907. Characidinidés Américains Nouveaux de la Collection du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. Bull. Museum d’Hist. Nat., XIII, 1907, pp. 25–27. Describes Tetragonopterus (Astyanaa) riveti. - - - 1909. Mission Géodésique de l’Equateur. Collections Recueillies par M. le Dr. Rivet. Description de Deux Poissons Nouveaux de la Famille de Loricari- idés. Bull. Mus. d’hist. natur. Paris, XV, 1909, pp. 517–519. Describes Chatostomus aquinoctialis and Arges regami. 1912. Poissons de l'Equateur, Recueillis par M. le Dr. Rivet. Mission Géodésique de l’Equateur IX; Pt. B., pp. 1–15, w PETRE, LORAINE F. - - 1906. “The Republic of Colombia.” London, Edward Stanford. POSADA, ANDREs. - 1909. Estudios Cientificos. Medellin, Colombia, 1909, pp. 1–432. Gives a general account of the fishes of Colombia on pp. 283-322, and 254 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. describes Ichthyoélephas patalo gen. et sp. nov., and twelve other new species. All have been disregarded in the foregoing memoir, as only one or two are possibly valid, and none can be positively identified without material taken at Medellin. . *t REGAN, C. TATE. . . - . 1903. Descriptions of New South American Fishes in the Collection of the British |Museum. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (7), XII, pp. 621-630. Records Trichomycterus retropinnis sp. nov., St. Augustine. . 1904. A Monograph of the Fishes of the Family Loricariidae. Transactions Zoëlogical Society London, XVII, part III, Oct. 1904, pp. 191—324, plates IX—XXI. - - 1905. The Systematic Arrangement of the Fishes of the Genus Arges. Annals and Magazine Natural History, (7), XV, June 1905, pp. 529–534. . A reply to the paper of Evermann & Kendall, 1905. 1905a. A Revision of the Fishes of the South American Cichlid Genera Crenacara, Batrachops, and Crenicichla. Proceedings of the Zoëlogical Society of * London, pp. 152–168, plates XIV, XV. s Records Crenicichla geayi Pellegrin, p. 161, from near Bogotá. 1905b. A Revision of the Fishes of the American Cichlid Genus Cichlasoma and of the Allied Genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) XVI, 1905, pp. 60–77, 225–243, 316–340, and 433–445. 1905c. A Revision of the Fishes of the South American Cichlid Genera Acara, Nannacara, Acaropsis, and Astronotus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) XV, pp. 329–347. - Records Acara caeruleopunctata Kner and Steindachner from the Chagres. 1905d. A Revision of the Fishes of the American Cichlid Genus Cichlasoma and of the Allied Genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) XVI, pp. 225–243 and 316–340. - - Records Cichlasoma maculicauda sp. nov., p. 227, from the Chagres. Cichlasoma sieboldii (Kner and Steind.), p. 235. - Cichlasoma kraussi Steind., p. 339, from Barranquilla. - Cichlasoma altifrons (Kner and Steind.), p. 242. 1906. A Revision of the South American Cichlid Genera Retroculus, Geophagus, Heterogramma, and Biotoecus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) XVII, pp. 49–66. - - Geophagus crassilabris Steind., Panama. 1906a. Notes on Some Loricariid Fishes, with Descriptions of Two New Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) XVII, pp. 94–98. Describes Plecostomus tenuicauda Steind. *... . EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 255. 1907. Descriptions of New Loricariid Fishes from South America. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 795–800, plates XLII-XLIX. Describes Arges heterodon sp. nov., p. 800, plate XLVIII, fig. 2, Jiminez, Western Colombia. - - 1907a. Descriptions of Two New Characinid Fishes from South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) XX, p. 402. - . Describes Ctenocharaa, bogotensis sp. nov. from Bogota = Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt). - - 1907–1908. Pisces. Biologia Centrali-Americana, pp. 1–203. A general account with maps and plates of the fresh-water fishes between Panama and Mexico. - * . . 1912a. Descriptions of New Cichlid Fishes from South America in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) IX, pp. 505–507. Describes Geophagus pellegrini sp. nov., Tado, Rio San Juan; Geophagus honda sp. nov., = G. Steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand, Honda; Cichlasoma (Parapetenia) atromaculatum sp. nov., Tado, Rio San Juan. 1912b. A Revision of the South American Siluroid Fishes of the Genus Corydoras, with a List of the Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Describes Corydoras nelanoiaenia sp. nov., Honda. 1912c. A Revision of the South American Characid Fishes of the Genera Chalceus, Pyrrhulina, Copeina, and Pogonocharaac. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) X, pp. 387–395. & & Mentions Copeina eigenmanni sp. nov. from Bogotá. Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steind, Honda and Bogotá.” 1912d. A Revision of the Poeciliid Fishes of the Genera Rivulus, Pterolebias, and Cynolebias. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) X, pp. 494– 508. " * - - * Describes Rivulus elegans Steind., p. 498; Rivulus brevis n. sp., p. 504. 1912. Descriptions of New Fishes of the Family Loricariidae in the British Museum. Proceedings Zoological Society London, 1912, pp. 666–670, plates LXXV- LXXVII. * . . - Describes Plecostomus hondae = Cheiridodus gen. nov., Chaetostomus palmer' = fischeri, Ch. paucispinis = fischeri, Oayloricaria tamanae, 0. leightoni, Arges cirratus. & . . * 1913. Fishes of Peru, Collected by Dr. H. O. Forbes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8), XII, 1913, pp. 278–280. *k, Mentions Lebiasina bimaculata, Tetragonopterus microphthalmus and * The locality Bogotá is erroneous. The specimens probably came from the base of the Eastern Cordillera. - - 256 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Tetragonopterus simus from Pacasmayo, the latter two probably = Brycon- americus peruanus. - - - 1913. The Fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) XII, Nov. 1913, pp. 462–473. Enumerates fifty-five species of which all but five are in the British Museum. The following are described as new: Brycon oligolepis, Crea- grutus leuciscus = affinis, Xenurocharaa spurrelli = Argopleura chocoènsis, Brycomamericus rubricauda = ortholepis, B. juanensis = scopiferus, Hyphes- sobrycon condotensis = panamensis, Pimelodella eutaenia, Nanmorhamdia (gen. nov.) spurrelli, Pseudopimelodus transmontanus, Pygidium unicolor, P. spilosoma, Hemiancistrus holostictus, Ancistrus centrolepis, Gambusia - caudovittata = Priapichthys nigroventralis, Cichlasoma biseriatum. 1914. Fishes from the Condoto River, Colombia, Collected by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) XIV, July 1914, pp. 31–33. Describes Sternarchüs spurrellii, Hypopomus occidentalis, Sicyaium condotense. - 1916. A New Loricariid Fish of the Genus Cyclopium from Ecuador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8), XVIII, p. 80. . - Describes Cyclopium mindoënse. SCRUGGS, WILLIAM L. - 1905. “The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics with Notes on Other Parts of Central and South America.” Boston, Little, Brown, and Company. Describes parts of the Magdalena Basin. STARKs, EDWIN CHAPIN. - 1906. On a Collection of Fishes Made by P. O. Simons in Ecuador and Peru. - Proceedings U. S. National Museum, XXX, 1906, pp. 761–800, pls. 65–66. Records fishes from Guayaquil, Eten, Paita, Callao. STEINDACHNER, FRANz. * 1878. Zur Fisch-Fauna des Magdalenen-Stromes. Denkschriften d. Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, XXXIX, pp. 19–78, Taf. I–XV. Report on a collection of over two hundred fishes from cienegas at the mouth of the Magdalena, consisting of thirty species, of which sixteen Or Seventeen Were new. - 1879. Ichthyologische Beiträge, VIII, Sitzb. K. Akademie Wiss. Wien, I. Abth. Juli, 1879. - - - * - Recording six new species from the Cauca River. - - 1879. Úber Einige Neue und Seltene Fisch-Arten aus den K. K. Zoëlogischen Museen zu Wien, Stuttgart, u. Warschau. Denkschriften Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, XLI, pp. 20–72. s Contains figures of Loricaria magdalenae (Tafel VII, figs. 2–3). EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 257 1879. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Flussfische Südamerika's. Denkschriften Kaiser- lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, XLI, 1879, pp. 151–172. Contains an account of sixteen species of fishes of the Mamoni River at Chepo and of three species from Northwestern Peru. Tetragonopterus branickii = T. peruvianus, Lebiasina bimaculata. - 1880. Zur Fisch-Fauna des Cauca und der Flüsse bei Guayaquil, ibid., XLII, pp. 55–104, Taf. I–IX. - - - Report on forty-seven species of fresh-water fishes from the Cauca and its tributaries at Caceres. Among them five new species. Enumera- tion of seventy valid species from the Magdalena. Notes on twelve species from Guayaquil. Three new species. : w 1902. Herpetologische und Ichthyologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Süda- merika. Denkschriften Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, LXII, pp. 89–148, Taf. I–V. - Reports on ninety-two species of fishes collected between Barranquilla and Honda, at Ibagué and Bogotá, between Guayaquil and Chimborazo, at Lima, Arequipa, and Pacasmayo. - THOMINOT, ALEx. - 1882. Sur un Saccodon d'espèce nouvelle venant de l’Equateur. Bulletin Société Philomathique de Paris, (7), WI, 1882, pp. 24.8—251. Describes Saccodon craniocephalum. VAILLANT, LEON. 1897. Contribution a l'étude ichthyologique du Chagres. Bulletin Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, III, pp. 220–223. Compares the Chagres and Chepo faunas. VALENCIENNES, ACHILLE. - 1833. Nouvelles Observations sur le Capitan de Bogota. Recueil d'Observations de Zoëlogie et d’Anatomie Comparée, II, p. 341. WAGNER, MORITZ. 1864. Uber die hydrographischen Verhältnisse und das Vorkommen der Süsswas– serfische in den Staaten Panama und Ecuador. Abhandlungen der K. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaftem, IICl., Bol. X, Abth. 1. pp. 1–49. ADDENDA. *- DRIVER, CHARLEs. 1919. On the Luciopimelodinae, a New Subfamily of the South American Siluridae. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., LVIII, pp. 448–456. - Transfers Megalonema asanthum to the genus Perugia of the Luciopimelodinae. EIGENMANN, C. H. - 1922. The Nature and Origin of the Fishes of the Pacific Slopes of Ecuador, Peru, and Chili. - Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., LX, pp. 503–523. ſº - Contends that the fishes of the western slopes were segregated by the formation of the Andes before the life-time of the present species. ...ſº APPENDIX III. GAZETTEER AND INDEX OF LOCALITIES. I have endeavored in the following pages to give all the localities from which fishes have been recorded within the territory covered by the preceding paper. Where possible, I have given the elevation above sea-level. In the higher altitudes these are frequently only approximations. . - I have not been able to find on any of the maps accessible to me the names of a number of small quebradas (brooks), especially in the Province of Santander, and the spelling of their names is also a matter of doubt. I only know some of these localities from the labels furnished me by Señor Manuel Gonzales, who collected for me within several days’ journey east, west, and north of Bogotá. The labels which were received from him were frequently torn, faintly written, or otherwise not clearly legible. - The numbers under each locality are those of the species given in serial order in the main body of the preceding memoir. The letter “A” is prefixed to all the numbers, which occur in Appendix I, which deals with the fishes of the Rio Meta. These numbers constitute an index to the species taken at each of the localities mentioned. Abacon, Rio. Panama. 296. - Abirregas, Rio. Maracaibo Basin, near Merida, Venezuela. - Agua Clara. Town and river emptying into R. Trinidad, into the Chagres. Panama. 161; 166; 188; 245. •. * e Agua Larga, west of Bogotá, now called Alban. (7,258 ft.) 44. . - • Alausi. River and town in the interandean park of the same name. Chanchan Basin. Directly east of Guayaquil, Ecuador. (9,400 ft.) 48 = Astroblepus gracalvi. Humboldt. - - Alban, Quebrada. Between Honda and Facatativa. Near top of divide on the Mag- dalena side. Colombia. (7,258 ft.) - 38; 49; 51; 78; 107; 207; 214. Alhajuela. On Limon Creek, upper Chagres, Panama. 254; 295; 342. Altacar. Tributary of the R. Telembi, Colombia. 192; 200. 258 EIGENMANN . FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 259 Ambalema. Town on the Magdalena above Honda, Colombia. (782 feet.) Ambato, Ecuador. Town in the interandean park Latacunga, the drainage of which is into the Amazon. • . - Ancuya. On Rio Guaitara, highlands of western Colombia. Patia Basin. (5,000 ft.) 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan). . - Angel, El. In the highland park of Ibarrain northern Ecuador. Mira Basin. (10,000 ft.) 48 = Astroblepus grivalvii (Humboldt). * . Apulo. Juntas de Apulo on the railway between Girardot and Facatativa. (1,500 ft.) , 3; 13; 27; 28; 30; 57; 86; 103; 120; 122; 146; 194; 197; 201; 207; 247; 252; 253; 261; 262; 265; 267; 269; 273; 274; 339; 358. - Araijan. Pacific side of Panama, a short distance north of the Canal Zone. 161; 285; 289. - Arequipa. Town in southern Peru. 69; 70; 324. Arguello, Quebrada. Santander, Colombia. 51. . - Aruza, Rio. Tributary of the Tuyra, Darien, Panama. 166; 176; 218; 297. Baipe, Rio. Boyaca, Colombia. - 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan); 100 = Pseudancistrus carnegiei (Eigenmann.) Banco, El. City on the Rio Magdalena at the mouth of the Rio Cesar, Colombia. 10; 27; 32; 33; 94; 247; 253. - - Barbacoas. Town near the mouth of the Rio Telembi, tributary of the Rio Patia, S. W. Colombia. (72 ft.) ..ºk; - . - 26; 90; 115; 131; 172; 177; 192; 200; 257; 269; 309; 322; 352; 365; 379. Barranca Alta. River near and parallel to the Rio Chanchan, southern Ecuador. 134; 135; 145; 158; 170; 171; 180. * Barrancas. On Rio Lebrija, a tributary of the lower Magdalena, Colombia. 183. #- Barranquilla. Near the mouth of the Rio Magdalena. Including the species about the mouth of the Magdalena. 3; 9; 17; 30; 32; 33; 37; 86; 94; 114; 116; 133; 136; 146; 150; 151; 153; 179; 183; 247; 252; 259; 260; 262; 267; 269; 283; 297; 312; 313; 315; 328; 329; 330; 338; 343; 357. - ^- . Barrigón. Hamlet at the head of navigation in the Rio Meta, east of Bogotá. Inten- dencia del Meta, Colombia. - . . 99; 205; 265; A6; A7; A8; A10; A11; A15; A17; A18; A19; A24; A25; A29; A30; A31; A32; A34; A35; A36; A37; A38; A39; A42; A45; A46; A49; A51; A55; A57; A58; A59; A60. * 260 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Bayano, Rio. River emptying into the Pacific south of Panama City. (See Rios Chepo and Mamoni). - - 281; 282; 332. - - Beltran. Town on the Rio Magdalena opposite Ambalema, Colombia. Salminus is abundant here according to the reports of sportsmen. Bernal Creek. Small creek near Honda, Colombia. 24; 27; 95; 121; 126; 185; 207; 244; 253; 262; 265; 339. Blanco, Rio. Stream from crest of Cordillera east of Bogotá, Colombia. A10; A21. Boca de Certegui. Station on the Rio Pablo near the mouth of a tributary of the Rio Certegui, Colombia, Atrato Basin. 20; 24; 28; 117; 121; 122; 123; 133; 151; 154; 165; 169; 188; 193; 201; 208; - 215; 258; 269; 309; 341; 358. Boca de Cupe. A town on the Tuyra at the mouth of the Rio Cupe, Darien, Panama. 97; 117; 123; 127; 181; 208; 349; 355. - - Boca del Guineo. Rio Calima, flowing into the lower San Juan, Colombia. 130; 161; 267; 270; 305; 345; 366. Boca de Raspadura. A hamlet at the mouth of the Rio Raspadura near Istmina, Colombia. Atrato Basin. (See Raspadura.) Bodega Central. Town on the Magdalena near the mouth of the Lebrija. . 3; 125; A17. - Bogotá. Capital of Colombia, and name of river draining the plains of Bogotá. (See Rio Funza.) - T-- 67; 81; 164. Boqueron, Rio. Atlantic side of the Canal Zone, Panama. 254. - - Boquilla. Small hamlet west of Salento, at the western base of the Quindio Pass. Drains into the Rio Viejo, into the Cauca. 15; 40; 51; 61; 203; 223; 230; 301. Bucay. On a tributary of the Rio Chimbo, Ecuador. 148; 162; 171; 346. - - w Buenaventura. A town on the western coast of Colombia at the mouth of the Rio Dagua. 6; 278; 279; 280; 294; 309; 325; 326; 333; 334; 360; 365; 367; 376; 377. Buenavista. Town on the Rio Magdalena below La Dorada, Colombia. - 28; 123; 153; 185; 196; 201; 253. - Cabarachia, Quebrada. Province of Santander, Colombia. Should possibly read Cabarachior. 49; 68. - Cachabé. A small village on the river of that name, Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. 1° N. 81° W. on Map of Wolf. (500 ft.) EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 261 Caceres. Town on the Cauca, one hundred and fifty-nine miles from its mouth. (660 ft.) -: 3; 10; 17; 27; 30; 31; 32; 33; 36; 37; 83; 86; 94; 103; 116; 133; 136; 144; 146; 147; 149; 153; 174; 179; 183; 191; 208; 247; 250; 252; 259; 261; 262; 265; 267; 269; 270; 297; 300; 338; 339; 343; 357. .* - Caiman. Hamlet on Cienega of Barranquilla, Colombia. (See the list for Barranquilla.) Calamar. Town on the Magdalena, east of Cartagena. (72 ft.) 28; 30; 31; 36; 83; 86; 114; 116; 133; 136; 146; 153; 179; 185; 188; 196; 201; 247; 252; 253; 362; 265; 267; 269; 297. - Calamar Cienega, or Cienega del Cerro, east of the Rio Magdalena north of Calamar. 83; 133; 136; 146; 153; 185; 188; 196; 247; 252; 259; 283; 343; 357; 380. Caldas. A town on the upper Rio Dagua emptying into the Pacific at Buenaventura, Colombia. (3,722 ft.) - - 16; 26; 42; 44; 46; 61; 98; 172; 175; 177; 320. Cali. A town on the Rio Grande, an affluent of the upper Cauca. 20; 27; 57; 63; 126; 138; 154; 155; 175; 186; 198; 201; 204; 210; 216; 223; 233; 242; 243; 255; 267; 269; 273; 287. - Calima, Rio. A tributary of the lower Rio San Juan, Colombia. 16; 64; 130; 159; 161; 172; 177; 188; 200; 220; 221; 242; 249; 263; 265; 266; 267; 270; 272; 288; 305; 345; 351; 365; 366; 367; 379. Callao. Port in Peru. - 6; 73; 158. Callejona, Quebrada de la Santander, Colombia. 45. - Calobre, Rio. Bayano Basin, Panama. 111; 123; 133; 161; 167; 263; 355. - Cana. On the Rio Satigante, Tuyra Basin, Panama. See also Rio Grande. 52; 97; 102; 176; 218; 273; 290. Candeleria. Isthmus of Panama. 340. Caño Carneceria. "A stream northwest of Cumaral. Llanos east of Bogotá, Colombia. See Carneceria. - Capeti Rio. Tuyra Basin. Panama. 119; 121. Capitan, El. On Rio Mamoni, Panama. 249; 379. - Capitanejo, Quebrada. Santander, Colombia. Twenty-five miles east of Mogotes on the Rio Chicamocha. 6° 18' 40' N. 1° 0' E. of Bogotá. " 68 = Pygidium nigromaculatum (Boulenger). Caqueta, Rio. Tributary of the Cauca, near Cali, Colombia. 128. - 262 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Caqueza. Between Bogotá and Villavicencio, thirty miles from Bogotá, Colombia. , Elevation of the bridge of the Caqueza 5,300 ft. - A21; A22. Cardenas, Rio. Pacific side of Canal Zone. 245. - 4 Cargueirazo or Caraguairazo or Carchuairazo. Volcano in Chimbo Basin, Ecuador. 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). * Cariyacu, Rio. Tributary of the Rio Angel (10,230 feet), Ecuador. 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt). - - Carneceria. Caño in the Ilanos east of Bogotá, Intendencia del Meta, Colombia. 51; A23; A40; A41; A42; A47; A59; A60. Cartagena. Port on north coast of Colombia. 296; 359. - Cartago. Town on the Rio Viejo about six miles from the Rio Cauca. 27; 95; 126; 138; 155; 175; 198; 201; 204; 206; 210; 216; 223; 243; 255; 267; 269; 273. - - * * - Casapalca. Smelter and town on the upper Rimac, Peru. Orestias elegans in the lakes above and west of Casapalca. - Çascajal, Rio. Atlantic side of Panama at Porto Bello. 219; 285; 296; 317. Castigo. See Rio Guaitara. 175; 177. - Cauca, Rio. The largest tributary of the Rio Magdalena. Probably the oldest river *. of Colombia. . - Cayambe. Town in the interandean park of Quito, Ecuador, Esmeraldas Basin. 0° 2' N. (9,000-9,500 ft.) - 48 = Astroblepus grivalvii (Humboldt). Cerro Azul. Pacific side of Panama. 161. . . Certegui. Quito Basin of the upper Atrato Basin, Colombia. (See Boca de Certegui.) Chagres, Rio. Into the Atlantic near Colon, Panama. - Chame, Rio. Point and town about twenty-five miles north of Panama City. 16; 246; 264; 289; 293; 342; 379. - Chamisal, Quebrada. Between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. 51; 78; 301. Chanchan, Rio. Tributary of the Rio Chimbo, emptying into the Rio Guayas, Ecuador. Reached from station of Naranjito. - 18; 43; 135; 158; 190; 225; 238; 264; 354; 365; 379. Charala, Quebrada. Santander, south of Mogotes, Colombia. ** 45 = Astroblepus santanderensis (Eigenmann); 67 = Pygidium bogotense (Eigenmann). EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 263 Chepo. Town on the Rio Mamoni or Chepo, near head of tide. Panama. 16; 24; 104; 122; 123; 249; 264; 269; 349; 383. Chiguancay. Tributary of the Rio Chanchan, southern Ecuador. 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). * - Chillo, Ecuador. (8,500 ft.) z * 48 = Astroblepus gria alvii (Humboldt). Chimbe, or Chimbiº Quebrada de Santander, Colombia. . 44 = Astroblepus unifasciatus (Eig.); 51 = Astroblepus chola (Regan). Chimbi, Quebrada. Between Honda and Facatativa, near Alban, Cólombia. 38 = Astroblepus homodon (Regan). - - . Chimbo, Rio. Emptying into the Guayas near Guayaquil, Ecuador. (Between 700 and 800 ft.) 48; 105; 148; 162; 171; 238; 346. - Chipaque. Seventeen miles southeast from Bogotá. (7,900 ft.; 9,000-9,500 ft. ac- cording to Chapman.) - Chiquinquira. City and river near southern boundary of Boyaca, Colombia. (8,480 ft.) 81 = Eremophilus mutisii, otherwise confined to the Plain of Bogotá. Chiquinquiseto, Rio. Province Boyaca, Colombia. - 164 = Grundulus bogotensis otherwise confined to the Plain of Bogotá. Chirajara, Quebrada. Between Bogotá and Villavicencio, Colombia. (See Hirajara.) Chirimoto. Town in northern Peru, on the Rio Totora. Atlantic drainage. 51; 52. - - Chiriqui. District in western Veragua, Panama. 356. Choachi. Town east of Bogotá on Atlantic side of crest, Colombia. 48; 51; A23. - Choco. The region of the San Juan and the Atrato, Colombia. Chone. Town on river of the same name near the coast east of Colimes, Ecuador. Near 1% south latitude. 22; 158; 190; 212; 238; 264; 279; 310; 346; 360; 361; 384; 385. Chorrerra, Rio. Town and small stream emptying into the Pacific north of the Panama Canal. - - 16; 112; 133; 176; 181; 200; 249; 264; 366; 370. Chosica. Town on the Rio Rimac above Lima, Peru. 71; 158; 224; 324. Chota, Rio. Below Paramba, Ecuador. (2,600 ft.) 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan). Chota, Valley. Northern Ecuador. -- 217 = Brycomamericus simus (Boulenger). . Cincinnati. Twenty miles from Santa Marta, Colombia. (4,500 ft.) 67. 264 * MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Cisnero, or Juntas. A town on the Rio Dagua, Colombia. (1,046 ft.) 16; 26; 42; 53; 98; 175; 177; 221; 353; 373. - Cituro. Rio Cupe, Tuyra Basin, Panama. - 104; 127; 141; 176; 208; 256; 297; 358. Cobarachior (ia?), Quebrada. Santander. (See Cabarachior.) Coello, Rio. Western tributary emptying into the Magdalena near Girardot, Colombia. Colimes. On the Rio Daule, Ecuador. North of Guayaquil. 7; 18; 85; 134; 135; 139; 145; 158; 170; 173; 190; 212; 225; 264; 346; 365; 385. - - Colon. Port at the Atlantic end of the Panama Canal. 182; 284; 295; 368. - Condoto, Rio. An upper, eastern tributary of the Rio San Juan, Colombia. 11; 16; 19; 26; 66; 91; 104; 105; 109; 110; 115; 122; 123; 124; 151; 159; 172; 177; 188; 200; 201; 208; 215; 220; 221; 235; 236; 242; 265; 266; 267; 271; 275; 276; 288; 300; 319; 322; 332; 343; 345; 351; 353; 375; 379. Cordova. A town on the Rio Dagua, Colombia. (120 ft.) 16; 21; 75; 130; 177; 199; 200; 221; 267; 272; 332; 365. Corozal. Pacific side of the Panama Canal Zone. -- Costa Rica. State north of Panama. 181; 218; 238; 254; 366; 374. Cotopaxi. Volcano south of Quito, Ecuador. 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt); 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt). Cramalote, Quebrada. Brook at Villavicencio, east of Bogotá, Colombia. (1,496 ft.) 99; A1; A3; A8; A10; A11; A12; A13; A14; A15; A19; A22; A29; A30; A32; A42; A45; A46; A49; A51; A55; A59. . Cristalina, Quebrada. Twenty-eight kilometers above Puerto Berrio, Colombia. Ele- vation 1,000 feet. - 51; 60; 301. - Cruz Verde, Paramo de. Southeast of Bogotá, Colombia. (9,900 ft.) 76 = Pygidium venulosum Steindachner. - - . Cúcurrupi. Tributary of the Rio San Juan, Colombia. 200; 257; 365. - Cuenca. Town on the interandean park of the same name draining into the Amazon, Ecuador. - 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt). Culebra. On the Panama Canal. Sometimes on Atlantic side and sometimes on Pacific side. - 161; 300. Cultambo. Station on the Jequetepeque near Pacasmayo, Peru. - 72; 158; 171; 224; 346; 365, EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 265 Cumaral. Hamlet and llanos northeast of Villavicencio. Intendencia del Meta, Colombia. (1,320 ft.) 126; A16; A27; A28; A32; A42; A52; A53; A54; A58; A59; A60. Cundinamarca. Province in Colombia. . Cupe, Rio. A tributary of the Rio Tuyra, Darien, Panama. 104; 141; 165; 176; 208; 256; 291; 355; 358. - Dagua, Rio. Western Colombia. (See Buenaventura, Caldas, and Cisnero). Daule, Rio. Forming with the Rio Vinces the Rio Guayas, Ecuador. (See Colimes.) Densino, Quebrada da Santander, Colombia. 49; 65. - Ducho, Rio de. Santander. 44; 49; 51. Durango, Rio. Northwest Ecuador. (Into the Esmeraldas?) (350 ft., fide Rosenberg.) 11; 90; 105; 115. - Ecuador, Western (without more exact designation). 142; 184; 226; 231. - Empire, or Emperador. Station near Culebra in the Canal Zone, Atlantic side. 161; 218. Encontradas, Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. 133. . . Esmeraldas. River in northwestern Ecuador, draining the area about Quito. 18; 158; 173. . . Esperanza. Station near Tequendama on the plains of Bogotá, Colombia. 164. - Eten. Coast town in northern Peru. 23; 171. - - Fosca, Rio del, Southeast of Bogotá, a short distance east of the crest of the Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. (4,500 ft.) 49; 52; 98; A9; A15; A21; A22. Frijoles, Rio. Town and tributary of the middle Rio Chagres, Panama. 1.12; 161; 200; 340. - Fundación. South of Santa Marta, Colombia. 16; 123; 168; 195; 262; 297; 339; 343. Funza, or Bogotá, Rio. River draining the plains of Bogotá. 67; 81; 164. Gaira, Rio. At Gaira, Santa Marta, Colombia. 276; 277; 362. - Gatun, Rio. Town and tributary of the lower Chagres, Panama. 16; 87; 112; 113; 166; 167; 178; 182; 200; 245; 264; 342; 348; 378. Girardot. Town on the Magdalena at end of the railway from Facatativa, Colombia. (1,089 ft.) * 266 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 5; 13; 20; 24; 28; 57; 103; 104; 118; 120; 122; 126; 136; 146; 194; 196; 201; 207; 216; 247; 248; 253; 261; 262; 269; 273; 274. - Gorgona. Near Culebra, Canal Zone, Chagres Basin, Panama. 161; 166; 285; 323. - • * Grande, Rio. Emptying into the Pacific near Panama City. 87; 293; 372. - - Grande de Térraba, Rio. Costa Rica. Grande, Rio. Tuyra Basin near Cana, Panama. (See also Cana.) 97; 273. . * * - Guadalupe. Santander, Colombia. 6°2' 30" N. 0°20'42" east of Bogotá. (5,400 ft.) 45. , is . . Guadrigua, Rio. Eastern slope east of Bogotá. Exact location not known. 205; A49; A50. * Guaduas, Rio. City between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. (3,323 ft.) 38; 44; 51; 60; 742; 78; 100; 307. w t Guaitara, Rio. Tributary of the upper Patia. Southwestern Colombia. 22; 175; 177; 200; 222; 228; 257. - Guali, Rio. Western tributary emptying into the Magdalena at Honda, Colombia. Guallupi. Opposite Lachis on the Rio Mira, Ecuador. (5,000 ft.) 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). Guamal, Quebrada. Between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. Possibly this is Guadual? - . Guanita = Juanita, q. v. Guapota, Quebrada. Santander, Colombia. 6° 7' 45" N. 0° 25' 10" east of Bogotá. (3,300 ft.) - - 45; 51. - Guatemala. State in Central America. 254; 266; 318; 348. " Guatigua, Rio = Guatiquia or Guateque? A42? Guaranda. On the Rio Chimbo, Ecuador. 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt.) Guayaquil. Port in Ecuador on the Guayas. 18; 56; 85; 135; 142; 143; 152; 173; 264; 267; 314; 327; 328; 333; 337; 346; 354; 360; 361; 364; 381; 383; 384; 385. *. Guayas, Rio. Formed by the junction of the Rios Vinces and Colimes. Ecuador. (See also Guayaquil). - 267; 336; 354. Guineo. (See Boca de Guineo.) EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NoFTHwBSTERN souTH AMERICA. 267 * * Hato. Quebrada de Santander. Near Mogotes, Colombia. 0°24' 5" E. 6° 20' 3" N. (4,300 ft.) - 78 = Pygidium striatum M. & H. Herrera. Station near Tequendama, Colombia. 81. - Hirajara. (See Chirajara.) Colombia, between Bogotá and Villavicencio. 52; A21; A22. Honda. Town on the Magdalena River six hundred and thirty miles above Barran- quilla. (693 ft.) - 10; 14; 24; 27; 28; 31; 82; 86; 88; 95; 100; 121; 126; 136; 137; 146; 153; 157; 179; 185; 196; 201; 207; 216; 244; 247; 250; 252; 253; 261; 262; 265; 339. Honda, Quebrada de la. Santander, Colombia. - - 65; 74. - Horizonte, Quebrada de Santander, Colombia. Huamani, Ecuador. Into Rio Napo. 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt). Huambo, Rio. Northern Peru, Amazon Basin. 51; 52. Huaras. On the Rio Santa, Peru. (10,700 ft.) 54. Huigra. Town on the Chanchan, in the interandean park of Alausi, Ecuador. (4,000 ft.) 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan). Ibagué. Town west of Bogotá on the base of Tolima, Colombia. (4,286 ft.) 228; 301; 339. - ** Ibarra. Town in the interandean park of Ibarra, Mira Basin, northern Ecuador, 0° 20' N. (7,000 ft.) - Imbabura. Volcano north of Quito, Ecuador. 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). Indio, Rio. Tributary of the upper Chagres, Panama. 178; 209; 317; 318; 321. - Istmina, Colombia. A town on the upper Rio San Juan, where it turns from a westward to southward flow. - - ** . 19; 26; 46; 88; 91; 96; 104; 109; 115; 123; 124; 126; 130; 161; 172; 177; 188; 200; 208; 215; 220; 221; 236; 237; 242; 257; 263; 265; 267; 288; 309; 322; 332; 341; 345; 351; 353; 365; 379. - Jequetepeque, Rio. Discharging into the Pacific near Pacasmayo. (See Cultambo; . Llallan, Pacasmayo.) - - Jimenez. Near Cisnero, Rio Dagua, Colombia. 41; 52; 53. Juanambu, Rio. Tributary of the upper Patia. Southwestern Colombia. . 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan). - - 268 MEMOIRs of *HE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Juan Diaz, Rio. Emptying into the Pacific a few miles south of Panama City. 181; 291; 370; 379. - Juanita. On the Rio Cauca, the port of Cali. Included in the list under Cali. Juntas. See Cisnero. - Jujiado, Rio. Tributary of lower San Juan. Western Colombia. 309. Labaja. Santander; see Lubaja, Colombia. 44. - Lachis. On the Rio Mira above Paramba, Ecuador, (5,000 ft.) 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt); 52 = Astroblepus longifilis (Steindachner). La Dorada. Town at the head of navigation of the lower Magdalena, about six hundred and fifteen miles from its mouth. (627 ft.) Largateria. Northern tributary of the Chagres, Panama. 167; 254. La Serena. Coast town near Coquimbo, Chili. 311. Latacunga. Town in the interandean park of the same name, draining into the Amazon, Ecuador. (9,055 ft.). . 48 = Astroblepus gria:alvii (Humboldt). - Lebrija, Rio. An eastern tributary of the Rio Magdalena, Colombia. 153. Lima. Capital of Peru, on the Rio Rimac. 71; 158; 224. Limon Creek. At Alhajuela, Panama. 342. Lisa, Rio. Tributary of the Rio San Juan. Western Colombia. 159; 208. . Llallan. Station on the upper Jequetepeque, inland from Pacasmayo, Peru. (2,437 ft.) 23; 55; 72; 158; 171; 224; 346. - - - Los Llanos de Sandona. Near Tuquerres, southwestern Colombia. (5,000 ft.) 51. = Astroblepus chota (Regan). Los Llanos. The plains of eastern Colombia. (See Barrigón, Carnecería, Cumaral.) 62. Lubaja, Quebrada. Santander, Colombia. 44. - Machachi. Town in the interandean park, Quito, Ecuador. (9,500 ft.) 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt.) - Madrid. Town on the plains of Bogotá near Facatativa, Colombia. (8,500 ft.) 67; 81; 164. - EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 269 Magdalena. Largest river in Colombia. Magui, Rio. Tributary of the Rio Patia above the Telembi, southwestern Colombia. 90; 106; 115; 123; 172; 189; 257; 265; 269; 335; 344; 352; 379. Mamatoco, Rio Manzanares. Santa Marta, Colombia, 276; 296; 343. Mamoni, Rio. See Chepo and Bayano. 16; 24; 104; 122; 123; 133; 167; 249; 263; 264. Manabi, Ecuador. 309. - - Managru. Upper Quito Basin of the Atrato, Colombia. - - 4; 114; 130; 151; 154; 165; 188; 201; 208; 215; 242; 263; 265; 267; 269; 270: 288; 341; 345; 351. - Mandingo, Rio. Chagres Basin. 178; 347. • Mango, Quebrada del. Santander, Colombia. 65. - Manzanares, Rio. Near Santa Marta, Colombia. 276; 296; 343. - Maracaibo. Extreme northwestern corner of Venezuela. 28; 133; 137; 313; 357. - Maria Luisa. Hacienda on the Rio Mira in northern Ecuador below Paramba. Mariquita. Railway station southwest of Honda, Colombia. (1,805 ft.) Marrigante. Panama, Tuyra Basin. 29; 35; 268; 269. Marte Arnade, Rio. Panama. 84; 133.” Marutiba. (Possibly Marcetita.) Between Bogotá and Villavicencio, Colombia. 52; A21; A22. - - Matucana. Town on the Rio Rimac above, Chosica, Peru. 71; 158; 324. Matachin. Panama Canal Zone, Atlantic side. - Merida. Town on the Cordillera de Merida in the Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. 205; A13; A20; A27. - Meta, Rio. Tributary of the Orinoco, eastern Colombia. (See Appendix I). 17; 99; 125. - . . Milligali. Hacienda southwest of Quito, Ecuador, belonging to L. Söderström. Esmer- aldas Basin. • - 48. |Millo, Rio. Maracaibo Basin, near Merida, Venezuela. * Also Xiphostoma hujeta; Piabucina erythrinoides; Ailurichthys bagre. # 270 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Mindi. Near the Atlantic coast of the Canal Zone, between Gatun and Colon, Panama. 348; 360; 369; 371. . - * Mindo. Hacienda, west of Quito, Ecuador. Esmeraldas Basin... (4,108 ft.) 43; 51; 59; 163; 239. - tº Mira. Town in the interandean park, Ibarra, northern Ecuador. Mira Basin. Mira, Rio. Northwestern Ecuador. . 171. Mirador. Ecuador. 190. Missimbi, Rio. Empire, Canal Zone, Panama. . 340. - Mogotes. Rio, Santander, Colombia. About ten miles southeast of San Gil, 0°42'42" E. 6° 16' N. (5,582 to 5,626 ft.) - - . 45; 52. Monte Liria. On the Rio Gatun, Chagres Basin. 87; 113; 166; 178; 182; 245; 348; 378. Munguido, Rio. Tributary of the Rio San Juan, western Colombia. 58; 200; 265; 267. - Naradol, Quebrada. Santander. sº- Naranjal. Between Bogotá and Villavicencio. (See Quebrada Naranjal.) A22. Naranjito. Rio Barranca Alto, and Rio Chanchan from the station of Naranjito, . Ecuador. 89; 145; 152; 158; 171; 180; 238; 346; 354; 365; 379. Negro, Rio. Antioquia, Colombia. 52. Negro, Rio. River on the eastern slope east of Bogotá, Colombia. 49; 99; A1; A2; A3; A5; A6; A8; A10; A19; A22; A30; A42; A43; A49; A50; A56; A59. Neiva. Town on the upper Magdalena, one hundred and ninety-three miles above Honda, Colombia. New Granada. Old name for Panama. 113; 181; 350; 356. - Nicaragua. State in Central America. 254; 285. - Northwestern Ecuador, without nearer designation, probably Esmeraldas Basin. 123. -- - - Novita. A town on the Rio Condoto, emptying into the San Juan, Colombia. 130; 235. Obispo. Station on the Rio Chagres. 200; 264; 285; 347. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 271 Ocamonte, Quebrada. Santander, 0° 35' 35" E. 6°9'45" N. (4,620 ft.) 65. - - . - Orquiza, Rio. Eastern slope of Cordillera Oriental; exact location not known; but it is east of Bogotá. - - A43. Pacasmayo. Coast town in northern Peru. 23; 72; 158; 171; 224; 316; 346. Pacho, Rio de. Between Honda and Facatativa, or Boyaca. (5,893 ft.) 49 = Astroblepus micrescens (Eigenmann.) - Paila. A town on the Rio Paila, a tributary of the upper Cauca, Colombia. 95; 126; 138; 146; 156; 175; 198; 201; 204; 206; 210; 223; 233; 243; 255. Paita. Northwest coast of Peru. The fresh-water fishes reported from Paita actually came from some miles inland from the Chira or the Piura River. Palmira Pass. Atlantic slope, Ecuador. 48 = Astroblepus grivalvii (Humboldt.) + Papallacta. Northeastern face of the Huamani. Atlantic slope, Ecuador. 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt.) Paraiso. Pacific slope of Panama, Canal Zone. 372. - - Paramba. Town or hacienda on the Rio Mira, northern Ecuador, east of Cachabé. 0° 55' N. 80° 39' W. on map of Wolf. (3,500 ft.) 59 = Pygidium laticeps (Kner); 171 = Brycon atricaudatus (Kner); 372 = Sicyalium salvini (Grant.) Patia, Rio. Southwestern Colombia. Pava, Quebrada la, Santander. 45; 51. • Pedro Miguel. Pacific slope of the Panama Canal Zone. 256. . Pelada, Quebrada de la, Santander. 45; 49; 51; 100. Peñas Blancas. Station on the Magdalena near Puerto Berrio, Colombia. 24; 27; 28; 86; 122; 137; 138; 146; 196; 201; 207; 216; 247; 253; 261; 343. Pembana. On the Rio Telembi, emptying into the Patia, southern Colombia. Pequeño, Rio. Tributary of the upper Chagres, Panama. - 200. - Perdices, Quebrada. Brook emptying into the Rio Negro above Villavicencio. A22 s - - Peripa, Rio. Tributary of the Rio Daule, Ecuador. 8; 145; 170; 171; 173; 346. Pichincha. Volcano near Quito, Ecuador. 272 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. Piedra Moler. Bridge over the Rio Viejo east of Cartago, Colombia. 95; 104; 126; 146; 155; 175; 198; 201; 206; 211; 216; 223; 233; 255. Piedras, Rio. Santander, Colombia. 67. * - Pinchote, Quebrada de Santander, Colombia, near San Gil. (4,150 feet.) 51; 77. *. - Piperel; Quebrada. Emptying into the Rio Negro above Villavicencio. Intendencia del - Meta, Colombia. º A22. Pisco. Coast town of Peru south of Callao. 311. . Pita, Laguna. Darien, Panama, on the Pacific side. 133; 160. - Piura. City in northern Peru on river of the same name. 23; 72; 158; 171; 224; 346. Popayan. Southwestern Colombia. 48 = Astroblepus grivalvii (Humboldt.) Porto Bello. On the Rio Cascajal, Panama. . A coast town a few miles east of Colon. 161; 219; 286; 362. Portoviejo, Ecuador. Near the coast at 1° north latitude. 22; 158; 190; 212; 346. * Potrero, Quebrada. Santander, Colombia. 49. - Pove, Rio. Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador. (1,848 ft.) 108 = Chaºtostomus aequinoctialis (Pellegrin.) Puente Piedra. Near Lima, Peru, on the railway toward Ancon. 71; 158; 224. , Puente del Chimbo. Former railroad terminus, seventy miles from Guayaquil. (1,000 ft.) Puente de Suba. North of Bogotá, Colombia. 67; 81; 164. Puerto Berrio. Town on the Magdalena, Colombia. (424 ft.) 10; 30; 31; 32; 33; 36; 60; 136; 146; 153; 179; 201; 216; 247; 252; 357. Puerto Negria. A station at the head of steam navigation on the Rio San Juan, Colombia. 21; 109; 115; 123; 124; 130; 151; 172; 200; 208; 215; 257; 263; 265; 309; 326; 332; 341; 343; 365; 366; 379. . Puerto del Rio. Cienega on Central Magdalena. 3; 86; 196; 247; 265; 267; 269; 338; 380. Puertoviejo, Near coast, west of Guayaquil. (See Portoviejo.) Puerto Wilches. Town on the Rio Magdalena. (346 feet.) 3; 24; 27; 28; 32; 179; 185; 196; 201; 247; 253. EIGENMANN FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 273 Punta Toro. Western Point of Limon Bay near Colon. (See Toro Point.) Quetame. East of Bogotá, Colombia. (4,700 ft.) Quibdo. A town at the junction of the Rios Quito and Atrato, Western Colombia. 4; 10; 16; 24; 28; 34; 36; 58; 114; 123; 129; 133; 137; 146; 151; 153; 169; 177; 185; 192; 195; 201; 208; 215; 249; 251; 258; 260; 265; 270; 288; 341; 343; 351; 357; 358; 380. Quito. Capitol of Ecuador. (9,375 ft.) 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt.) Quito, Rio. A tributary emptying into the Rio Atrato at Quibdo, Colombia. Raspadura. Town and river, the latter of the Atrato Basin just north of the Rio San Juan. (See also Boca de Raspadura.) - t 4; 104; 110; 114; 115; 130; 151; 154; 161; 177; 188; 201; 208; 220; 236; 240; 249; 265; 267; 270; 288; 341; 342; 345; 351; 358. Raya, Quebrada de la Santander, Colombia. 68. Reservoir Creek. Gorgona, Canal Zone, Panama. 347." - - Rimac, Rio. River of Central Peru emptying into the Pacific at Callao. 71; 158; 224; 307; 324. - - Rinconada. Hacienda north of Angel, Province of Cachi, Ecuador. (3,110 M.) 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt). # Riobamba. Town in the interandean park of the same name, draining into the Amazon, Ecuador. (9,000 ft.) 48 = Astroblepus gria:alvii (Humboldt). - Roncador, Rio. Eastern slope of Cordillera Oriental. East of Bogotá, Colombia. 205; A13; A21; A49. - - Ropero, Quebrada de la. Emptying into the Rio Suarez near 5° 43' North. Bogotá, Colombia. 78; 107. - Rosario, Rio. Small stream emptying into the Pacific near Tumaco. 326. - Rosario, Rio. Tributary of lower San Juan. 6; 365; 366. - Salidero. Northwestern Ecuador (probably on the Esmeraldas). (350ft., fide Rosenberg.) 105. Sandona. Southern Colombia, Los Llanos de Sandona. 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan); 62 = Pygidium taºnium (Kner). San Gil. Santander. (3,628 ft.) - 78; 100; 107; 205; A49. - San Javier. Northwestern Ecuador. Rio Esmeraldas? (60 ft., fide Rosenberg.) 90; 115; 163. - 274 MEMOIRs of THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. San Joaquin, Quebrada de. Santander, near San Gil, Colombia. (6,500 ft.) 47; 49. - San Juan, Rio. Stream in western Colombia, emptying near Buenaventura. San Lorenzo. Santa Marta, Colombia. (4,500 ft.) 11; 67; 68; 318; 372. - - - San Lorenzo. On the Rio Telembi, tributary of the R. Patia, southwestern Colombia. 26; 58; 172; 177; 257; 352; 379. - San Pablo. Lake at base of Caraquairazo, Ecuador. 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). Santa, Rio. The largest river emptying into the Pacific in Peru. 54 = Astroblepus Simons' (Regan). Santa Elena. Near the coast west of Guayaquil, Ecuador. 303 = Pseudopaecilia festa (Boulenger). Santa Eulalia. Upper tributary of the Rio Rimac, Peru. Santa Marta. Northern city on Caribbean sea, east of the Magdalena. 67; 68; 276; 296; 343. - Santander. Province in Colombia examined between San Gil and Bogotá. 67; 229. - * * - Santa Rita, Quebrada. Antioquia, Colombia. 38; 52. . Santiago. Capital of Chile. 311. Santiago, Rio. A river in northwestern Ecuador. (There is also a river of the same name in southeastern Ecuador.) 181. (? 250 Eastern Ecuador.) San Vicente. Near Santa Elena west of Guayaquil, Ecuador. 303 = Pseudopoecilia festaº (Boulenger). - Sapayo, Rio. Northwest Ecuador, into Rio Cayapas, into the Rio Santiago. 163; 344. - - Sarjento, Quebrada. Between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. (4,000 ft.) 38; 44; 51; 60; 78; 107. - & Satigante, Rio. A tributary of the Rio Tuyra, Panama. 97; 218; 289. Seco, Rio. Near Honda, between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. * 339; 358. - - Siachia, Quebrada de. Santander. 49. - - - Sipi, Rio. Upper San Juan Basin. Western Colombia. 75. Soplaviento. Town on Dique de Cartagena between Cartagena and Calamar, Colombia. *r- EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 275 10; 17; 27; 28; 30; 31; 32; 33; 36; 83; 86; 94; 103; 114; 116; 133; 136; 137; 146; 153; 169; 179; 185; 196; 207; 213; 214; 234; 244; 247; 252; 253; 262; 265; 267; 269; 270; 276; 283; 338; 339; 343; 357; 358. St. Augustine. On headwater tributary of the Rio Magdalena. (5,000 ft.) 51 = Astroblepus chota (Regan); 80 = Pygidium retropinne (Regan). Suaita, Quebrada. Province Santander, Colombia. 0°19' 30" E.; 5° 58' N. (6,369 ft.) 65; 164. - Suarez, Rio. Draining the highlands of Santander into the Magdalena. (See Santander.) Suba. Town a short distance north of Bogotá. (See Puente de Suba.) Sucio, Rio. A town at the junction of the Rio Sucio with the Rio Atrato, Colombia. 3; 16; 28; 34; 146; 251; 263; 357. i Suescum. Into Rio Funza? Cundinamarca, 5°2' 25" N. 0°11' E. of Bogotá, Colombia. (7,073 ft.) - 45 = Astroblepus Santanderensis (Eigenmann). Sullana. On the Rio Chira, northwestern Peru. 23; 132; 171; 224; 384. - - Sumuco, Quebrada. Brook on eastern slope of Cordillera Oriental, not far from Villa- * vicencio. 49; 52; A10; A21; A22. Susa, Rio. Nearly halfway between Hato and Chiquinquira. 0°4'45" E. 5° 54' 35" N., Cundinamarca, Colombia. Near the laguna Fuquene. (8,471 ft.) 49 = Astroblepus micrescens (Eigenmann). Susumuco. (See Sumuco). Tabernilla. Atlantic side of the Canal Zone. 167; 254. Tado. On junction of the Rio Tado with the Rio San Juan, western Colombia. (316 ft.) - - - - 79; 104; 115; 122; 130; 208; 215; 221; 237; 257; 265; 309; 322; 341; 35.1; 365; 379. Tamana, Rio. An upper, eastern tributary of the Rio San Juan, western Colombia. 11; 75; 101; 104; 124; 130; 159; 221; 235; 343. . Tambo. A station at the headwaters of a small stream of the Atrato Basin, just north of Istmina. - 24; 159; 161; 188; 215; 220; 236; 288; 345; 351. Tambo, Rio. Southern Peru, south of Mollendo. 324. - Tamocal, Rio. At San Lorenzo near Santa Marta, Colombia. (800 ft.) - 276; 318; 372. . Telembi, Rio. A tributary of the Rio Patia from the south. Southwestern Colombia. 27 6 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. 4; 11; 22; 106; 115; 123; 131; 172; 177; 189; 222; 237; 257; 265; 267; 269; 309; 322; 335; 344; 352; 379. Tengavita. Eastern slope of Cordillera Oriental near Bogotá, Colombia. Exact location not known to the recorder. - 99; A10; A22. Tequendama. Falls of the Rio Funza or Bogotá, Colombia. Térraba, Rio Grande de. A river of Costa Rica. 374. Tiabaya. Town a short distance from Arequipa on the Rio Chile, Peru. 70; 324; no other species at Tiabaya. Toche. Small hamlet at the eastern base of the Quindio Pass, Colombia. 48 = Astroblepus gria alvii (Humboldt). - Toro Point. Point of land near the Atlantic end of the Panama Canal. (See Punta Toro.) 161; 285; 299; 317; 368. - - - Totora, Rio. Northern Peru. Atlantic slope. 51; 52. , " Trinidad, Rio. Aqua Clara, Canal Zone. Chagres Basin, Panama. 254; 362. - - Truando, Rio. A western tributary emptying into the Atrato near Rio Sucio, Colombia. 3; 4; 16; 24; 28; 34; 36; 83; 92; 114; 117; 129; 133; 137; 146; 151; 153; 154; 161; 165; 168; 169; 188; 192; 193; 195; 201; 202; 208; 215; 220; 241; 249; 258; 263; 265; 266; 270; 300; 306; 309; 341; 343; 351; 357; 358; 382. Trujillo. Town near the coast in northern Peru inland from Salaverry. 158; 310. Tumaco. Town on an island in southern Colombia. 6; 278; 280; 309; 338 (footnote); 361. Tumbez, Rio. Emptying into the Pacific in northern Peru. 334. Tungarahua or Tungaragua. Volcano south of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. 43 = Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). Tuquerres. Town in the highlands of southwestern Colombia in the Patia Basin. Collections were made at 9,600 ft. and 10,090 ft. 48 = Astroblepus grizalvii (Humboldt). Tuyra. Pacific slope stream of southern Panama. 16; 24; 29; 35; 87; 104; 117. Usme Sur. Town on the Tunjuelo near Bogotá, Colombia. 81. Warriri, Quebrada. Santander, Colombia. 45; 51. Ventura. Ecuador. Near Guayaquil. 304. EIGENMANN: FISHES OF NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA. 277 Veragua. Western Panama. 93; 356. Villavicencio. City at eastern base of the Cordillera of Bogotá, Intendencia del Meta, Colombia. 0°30' E. 2° 15' 10" N. (1,496 ft.) 24; 49; 99; 205; A1; A2; A3; A4; A5; A6; A8; A10; A11; A12; A13; A14; A15; A19; A22; A26; A29; A30; A32; A35; A39; A42; A43; A44; A45; A46; A49; A50; A51; A54; A55; A56; A58; A59. Villeta. Between Honda and Facatativa, Colombia. (Between 2,669 and 2,778 ft.) 38; 78; 107; 301. - Vinces, Rio and Town. North of Guayaquil, Ecuador. 12; 18; 25; 85; 134; 135; 139; 140; 145; 152; 158; 170; 187; 225; 227; 264; 304; 346; 385. Vitor, Valle and Rio. Southern Peru not far from Arequipa. 324; no other species at Vitor. Yambi, Rio. Tributary of Rio Telembi, southwestern Colombia. 172; 177; 352. - Yape. Tributary of the Rio Tuyra, Panama. 97; 111; 117; 127; 232; 291. Zamora, Rio. Draining the interandean park Loja in southern Ecuador, toward the Marañon. (See Boulenger.) Zipaquira, Quebrada. Province Norte Colombia. 0° 1' 40' E. 4° 56' 35' N. (8,668 ft.) Zurumilla, Rio. Upper course of the Rio Tumbez. Between Ecuador and Colombia. 158. 278 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. FIG. 1. . Xylºphius magdalenae Eigenmann. Type. No. 4829, C. M., 32 mm. Girardot. - - . : FIG. 1a. Enlarged view of distal extremity of pectoral spine of X. magdalena. Fig. 1b. Enlarged view of the under side of the head of X. magaalenae. Fig. 2. Bunocephalus colombianus Eigenmann. No. 5483, C. M., 136 mm. Man- agru. * . - - - - FIG. 3. Cetopsorhamdia boquillae Eigenmann. Type. No. 3923, C. M., 81 mm. Boquilla. - r Fig. 4. Chasmocranus rosa. Eigenmann. Type. No. 3841, C. M., 65 mm. Rio Negro, Villavicencio. - - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE I. #:sº **I-i- º §§§ -- º :* § º §§ ſºrºrººl: Fºrsteliº .*.*, *.*.*.* - * * : * * * * * § §§§ Xylºphius, Bunocephalus, Cetopsorhamdia, Chasmocranus. 280 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. FIGS. 1–2. Pseudopimelodus transmontanus Regan. No. 13008, I. U. M., 73 mm. San Lorenzo, Patia Basin. FIGs. 3–4. Microglanis variegatus Eigenmann and Henn. Type. 13106, I. U. M., 45 mm. Vinces. - PLATE II. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Pseudopimelodus, Microglanis. 282 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PIATE III. FIG. 1. Hemicetopsis othomops Eigenmann. Type. No. 4830, C. M., 120 mm. Girardot. - * - º Fig. 2. Hemicetopsis amphilowa Eigenmann. Type. No. 5332, C. M., 88 mm. Patia Basin. * FIG. 3. Perugia a anthus Eigenmann. Type. No. 4822, . C. M., 202 mm. Gi- rardot. - * FIG. 4. Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus). No. 13551, I. U. M., 400 mm. Puerto Berrio. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE III, Hemicetopsis, Perugia, Pseudoplatystoma. 284 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. FIG. 1. Cetopsorhamdia nasus Eigenmann and Fisher. Type. No. 7124, C. M., 72 mm. Honda. ** - - FIGS. 2–3. Imparfinis microps Eigenmann and Fisher. Type. No. 6776, C., 75 mm. Rio Negro, emptying into Rio Meta at Villavicencio. * , FIG. 4. Namnorhamdia memocheir Eigenmann and Fisher. Type. No. 7125, C. M., 105 mm. Girardot. 'pºpupų tou? DAN ‘sſuſ modul I ºppuoquosdoņ90 ‘AI GLWTA 'XI TOA “WOESQUN GIOEN HVO SHIOWEW 286 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE v. FIG. 1. Trachycorystes fisheri Eigenmann. Type. d’. No. 6667a, C. M., 250 mm. Fig. 2. Trachycorystes fisheri Eigenmann. Allotype. 9. No. 6667b, C. M., 275 * ģ; Z ‘p I （?-19 ſsſ sºļsfi.ſ09fiņ004.J. ‘A ‘HLWTG'XI "TOA ‘INQASQUN GIORNAVO SHIOWEJN 288 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI. FIG. 1. Astroblepus homodon (Regan). No. 7353, C. M., 63 mm. Quebrada Sarjento. Fig. 2. Astroblepus chapmani Eigenmann. Type. No. 4863, C. M., 75 mm. Boquilla. - - - FIG. 3. Astroblepus latiaens Eigenmann. Type. No. 7362a, C. M., 57 mm. Piperel. - FIGS. 4–5. Astroblepus trifasciatus (Eigenmann). No. 4869, C. M., 23 and 41 mm. Caldas. - - FIG. 6. Astroblepus trifasciatus (Eigenmann). Tupe. No. 4868, C. M., 85 mm. Caldas. - - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE WI i-ºše [[In iſſimº- j-sºft, ºº:: Astroblepus. 290 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII. FIG. 1. Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt). No. 7389, C. M., 39 mm. Hacienda Lachis. - - FIG. 2. Astroblepus unifasciatus (Eigenmann). Type. No. 4871, C. M., 57 mm. Caldas. - Fig. 3. Astroblepus cirratus (Regan). Based on type of Cyclopium ventrale Eigen- mann. No. 4866, C. M., 75 mm. Caldas. - FIG. 4. Astroblepus micrescens Eigenmann. Type. No. 7372a, C. M., 69 mm. Agua Larga. -- Fig. 5. Astroblepus chota (Regan). No. 7421, C. M., 38 mm. Quebrada Guadual. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE WII. Astroblepus. 292 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. FIG. 1. Corydoras melanotania Regan. No. 15039, I. U. M., 43 mm. Barrigón. FIG. 2. Hoplosternum magdalena. Eigenmann. No. 13970, I. U. M., juv., 62 mm. Truando. - * FIG. 3. Hoplosternum magdalenae Eigenmann. Type. No. 5081, C. M., 107 mm. Soplaviento. * - - Fig. 4. Dorsal view of the type of Hoplosternum magdalenae Eigenmann. FIG. 5. Corydoras metae Eigenmann. Ventral view of Type, No. 13451, I. U. M., 52 mm. Barrigón. - Figs, 6–7. Cheiridodus honda (Regan). No. 13922, I. U.M., 108 mm. Istmina. •º MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE WIII. Corydoras, Hoplosternum, Cheiridodus. 294 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. FIG. 1. Hemiancistrus annectens Regan. No. 13914, I. U. M., 257 mm. Patia. FIG. 2. Hemiancistrus annectens Regan. No. 13914, I. U. M., 257 mm. (Dorsal view.) - Fig. 3. Hemiancistrus landoni Eigenmann. Type. No. 13654, I. U. M., 255 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. * FIG. 4. Hemiancistrus holostictus Regan. No. 7569, C. M., 137 mm. Istmina. FIG. 5. Hemiancistrus wilson? Eigenmann. No. 13921, I. U. M., 127 mm. Tru- ando. 8 + PLATE IX. WOL. IX. j MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM Hemiancislrus. 296 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE x. FIG. 1. Hemiancistrus wilsoni Eigenmann. Type. No. 7570, C. M., 133 mm. Truando. - FIG. 2. Hemiancistrus landoni Eigenmann. Type. No. 13654, I. U. M., 255 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. - FIG. 3. Pseudancistrus carnegiei Eigenmann. Type. No. 7346, C. M., 110 mm. Rio San Gil. - FIG. 4. Pseudancistrus pediculatus Eigenmann. Type. No. 7348, C. M., 118 mm. Rio Negro, Villavicencio. - - PLATE X. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Hemiancistrus, Pseudancistrus, 298 MEMOIRS OF THE CARINEGIE MUSEUM, FIG. 1. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. . . Cochliodon plecostomoides Eigenmann. Type. No. 15043, I. U. M., 256 mm. Villavicencio. FIG. FIG. FIG. Cartago. fºrg. - Cartago. FIG. Istmina. FIG. 3. 4. Dorsal view of head of type of Cochliodon plecostomoides Eigenmann. Ventral view of head of type of Cochliodon plecostomoides Eigenmann. Lasiancistrus caucanus Eigenmann. Type. No. 2824, C. M., 171 mm. Lasiancistrus caucanus Eigenmann. No. 12683, I. U. M., 173 mm. Lasiancistrus mayoloi Eigenmann. Paratype. No. 4827, C. M., 117 mm. Lasiancistrus mayoloi Eigenmann. (Ventral view of same specimen.) MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Cochliodon, Lasiancisłrus. PLATE XI. 300 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. FIG. 1. Pseudancistrus dagua. Eigenmann. Type. No. 4842, C. M., 79 mm. Caldas. (Ventral view.) 4 - FIG. 2. Pseudancistrus dagua. Eigenmann. (Dorsal view of the type.) FIG. 3. Pseudancistrus pediculatus Eigenmann. No. 13928, I. U. M., 112 mm. Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. - g FIG. 4. Chaetostomus thomsoni Regan. No. 13659, I. U. M., 84 mm. Quebrada Guadual. - e s FIG. 5. Chaetostomus leucomelas Eigenmann. Type. No. 13652, I. U. M., 140 mm. Rio Patia. FIG. 6. Chaetostomus leucomelas Eigenmann. (Dorsal view of type greatly en- larged.) - - FIG. 7. Chaetostomus lepturus Regan. No. 15302, I. U. M., 191 mm. Rio San Juan. +. j FIG. 8. Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann. Paratype. No. 7578, C. M., 52 mm. Villavicencio. - . Fig. 9. Ancistrus centrolepis Regan. No. 13936, I. U. M., 184 mm. Truando. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XII. Pseudancistrus, Chatostomus, Ancistrus. 302 ... ' MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. FIG. 1. Chaptostomus fischeri Steindachner. No. 13653, I. U. M., 230 mm. Naran- jito, Ecuador. Fig. 2. Ancistrus centrolepis Regan. Type of A. melas Eigenmann, No. 7335, C. M., 106 mm. Condoto. - * - FIG. 3. Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann. Type. No. 13935, I. U. M., 114 mm. Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio. - Fig. 4. Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann. (Enlarged dorsal view of head of type.) <& PLATE XIII. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Chaºtostomus, Ancistrus. 304 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Fig. 1. Loricaria seminuda Eigenmann and Vance. Type. No. 3807, C. M., 182 mm. Girardot. (Dorsal view.) FIG. 2. Loricaria seminuda Eigenmann and Vance. (Wentral view of type, en- larged.) - Fig. 3. Loricaria gymnogaster Eigenmann and Vance. Type. No. 12691, I. U. M., 182 mm. Apulo. - f Fig. 4. Loricaria gymnogaster Eigenmann and Vance. (Enlarged ventral view of type.) g * * MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Loricaria, PLATE XIV. 306 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. FIG. 1. Loricaria fimbriata Eigenmann and Vance. Type. No. 3808, C. M., 114 mm. over all. Boca del Certegui. (Enlarged ventral view.) - FIG. 2. Loricaria fimbriata Eigenmann and Vance. (Dorsal view of type.) Fig. 3. Loricaria latiura Eigenmann and Vance. No. 3806, C. M., 210 mm. - Boca de Certegui. - • - - Fig. 4. Loricaria magdalena Steindachner. No. 12784, I. U. M., 192 mm. over all. Istmina. - - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XV. Loricaria, 308 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. | EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI. Fig. 1. Sturisoma leightoni Regan. No. 12789, I. U. M., 111 mm. Paila. (Dor- sal view.) - - - FIG. 2. Sturisoma leightoni Regan. Ventral view of the same specimen, enlarged. FIG. 3. Sturisoma citurense Meek and Hildebrand. No. 13990, I. U. M., 200 mm. to end of middle caudal ray. Boca de Cupe. - Fig. 4. Sturisoma panamense Eigenmann and Eigenmann. No. 12782, I. U. M., 6, 226 mm. to tip of caudal. Istmina. - FIG. 5. Sturisoma panamense Eigenmann and Eigenmann. No. 12782, I. U. M., 2, 227 mm. Puerto Negria. - • Fig. 6. Sturisoma panamense Eigenmann and Eigenmann. No. 13966, I. U. M., 194 mm. to end of middle caudal rays. Certegui. 'IAX GILWTAXI TOA “WOESOW GIORNAVO SHIOWEW "Duosſunj,S 310 . MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. - EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. FIG. 1. Curimatus metap Eigenmann. Type. No. 3844, C. M., 118 mm. Que- brada Cramalote, Villavicencio. FIG. 2. Curimatus magdalenae Steindachner. No. 5125, C. M. 200 mm. Boca . . de Certegui, * FIG. 3. Curimatus boulengeri Pellegrin. No. 13474, I. U. M., 197 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. - - FIG. 4. Curimatus troscheli Günther. No. 13538, I. U. M., 193 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. r PLATE XVII. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Curimatus. 312 . MEMOIRS OF THE CARINEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII. FIG. 1. Curimatus atratočnsis Eigenmann. Type. No. 4814, C. M., 107 mm. Quibdo. * º Fig. 2. Curimatus lineopunctatus Boulenger. No. 12807, I. U. M., 135 mm. Puerto Negria. - FIG. 3. Curimatus patiae Eigenmann. Type. No. 5368, C. M., 168 mm. Bar- bacoas. - FIG. 4. Curimatus peruanus Eigenmann. Type. No. 15162, I. U. M., 160 mm. Sullana. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. * - - - - - - Curimatus. PLATE XVIII. 314 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. FIG. 1. Parodon suborbitalis Cuvier and Valenciennes. No. 12831, I. U. M., 43 mm. Peñas Blancas. * - FIG. 2. Parodon caliense Boulenger. No. 5115, C. M., 43 mm. Peñas Blancas. FIG. 3. Apareiodon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 13103, I. U. M., 49 mm. Vinces. FIG. 4. Apareiodon terminalis Eigenmann and Henn. Type. 13104a, I. U. M., 40 mm. Vinces. . . - - FIG. 5. Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner. No. 12885, I. U. M., 117 mm., juv. Calamar. FIG. 6. Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner. No. 12885, I. U. M., 83 mm, juv. Calamar. - FIG. 7. Saccodon wagneri Kner and Steindachner. (Ventral view of head, after Kner and Steindachner.) FIG. 7a. Saccodon wagneri Kner and Steindachner. (Teeth, after Kner and Steindachner.) * g FIG. 8. Characidium phoacocephalum Eigenmann. Type. No. 4851, C. M., 68 mm. Paila. - FIG. 9. Characidium caucanum Eigenmann. Type. No. 4847, C. M., 51 mm. Cali. - ºwnſp?opupųOſºwopo000S ºsmpoņņ004. I‘uopoſºupdºſ º'uopo…o.ſ. "XIX GHLWTA'XI TOA "INQESQIN GIOGNIWO SHIOWEJN 316 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX. Fig. 1. Prochilodus humeralis Günther. No. 13577, I. U. M.,206 mm. Naranjito Ecuador. - - * FIG. 2. Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann. Type. No. 15150, I. U. M., 296 mm. Barrigón. FIG. 3. Copeina meta: Eigenmann. Type. No. 13251, I. U. M., 35 mm. Barrigón. FIG. 4. Leporinus y-ophorus Eigenmann. Type. No. 15026, I. U. M., 167 mm. to end of scales on caudal. Barrigón. - Fig. 5. Leporinus muyscorum Steindachner. Part of 13917, I. U. M., 41 mm., juv. Calamar. * FIG. 6. Leporinus ecuadoriensis Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 13116, I. U. M., 325 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. ºsnuſuodøT ‘puſºdoſ) ‘snpoļņņ00）, I *XX ELWT）,'XI "10A 'WQESQW GI03NHWO SHIOWEJN 318 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI. Fig. 1. Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann. Type. No. 15041, I. U. M., 53 mm., d". Barrigón. - - - FIG. 2. Lebiasina bimaculata Cuvier and Valenciennes. No. 13069, I. U. M., 156 mm. Rio Chanchan. - Fig. 3. Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger. No. 13068, I. U. M., 176 mm. Rio Calima. - - & FIG. 4. Piabucina panamensis Gill. No. 12961, I. U. M., 149 mm. Raspadura, Colombia. * - FIG. 5. Piabucina panamensis Gill. Photograph of the type in the U. S. N. M. FIG. 6. Piabucina astrigata Regan. No. 13534, I. U. M., 70 mm. Mindo, Ecuador. | rº MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Pyrrhulina, Lebiasina, Piabucina. PLATE XXI. 320 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PILATE XXII. FIG. 1. Brycon dentea, Günther. No. 13462, I. U. M., 154 mm. Colimes, Ecuador. FIG. 2. Brycon henni Eigenmann. Type. No. 5152, C. M., 250 mm. Caldas. FIG. 3. Brycon oligolepis Regan. No. 12977, I. U. M., 245 mm. Rio Telembi above Barbacoas. - FIG. 4. Brycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 13470, I. U. M., 245 mm. to end of lower caudal lobe. Naranjito, Ecuador. - *~ PLATE XXII. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Brycom. 322 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. Fig. 1. Brycon petrosus Meek and Hildebrand. Specimen in Field Museum of Nat. History, 127 mm. Mandingo. FIG. 2. Brycon alburnus Günther. No. 13466, I. U. M., 315 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. FIG. 3. Brycon atricaudatus (Kner). No. 13463, I. U. M., 278 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. * t FIG. 4. Brycon meeki Eigenmann and Hildebrand. Type. No. 13467, I. U. M., 276 mm. Barbacoas, Colombia. - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XXIII. 324 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV. FIG: 1. Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann. Paratype. No. 5901, C. M., 55 mm., Q. Cali. - - FIG. 2. Astyanaa: magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 5822, C. M., 53 mm. Girardot. * * FIG. 3. Thoracocharaac maculatus Steindachner. Type of T. brevis Eigenmann, No. 4845, C. M., 47 mm. Boca de Raspadura. - Fig. 4. Thoracocharaa magdalenae Eigenmann. Type. No. 4846, C. M., 48 mm. Girardot. * --" MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Hyphessobrycon, Astyanar, Thoracocharaac. PLATE XXIV 326 MEMOIRs of THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV. . FIG. 1. Charaa meta: Eigenmann. Type. No. 15027, I. U. M., 108 mm. Bar- rigón. - - -- • - FIG. 2. Charaa, airatoënsis Eigenmann. Type. No. 1664, U. S. N. M., 300 mm. to end of lateral line. Truando. & - FIG. 3. Roeboides hildebrandi Eigenmann. Type. No. 5186, C. M., 157 mm. Istmina. # * - - FIG. 4. Roeboides meeki Eigenmann. Type. No. 3840, C. M., 126 mm. Quibdo. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XXV. º º º º º, 3. º Charaa, Roeboides, 328 MEMOIRS. OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI. Fig. 1. Gilbertolus alatus (Steindachner). No. 5628, C. M., 156 mm. Boca de Certegui. +. FIG. 2. Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachner). No. 5043, C. M., about 100 mm. Girardot. - - - FIG. 2a. Lateral scale of Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachner), magnified. Fig. 3. Ctenolucius beani (Fowler). No. 13052, I. U. M., juv., 85 mm. Managru. FIG. 4. Ctenolucius beami (Fowler). No. 13051, I. U. M., 176 mm. Truando. Fig. 5. Ctenolucius insculptus (Steindachner). No. 12718, I. U. M., 166 mm. Calamar. - w - PLATE XXVI. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. º º - º º - in *Tºº. |×{ №ſºſ :！ Acestrocephalus, Ctenolucius. y Gilbertolus 330 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII. FIGs. 1–2. Mollienisia caucana (Steindachner). After Steindachner. Fig. 3. Mollienisia caucana (Steindachner). No. 5826, C. M., 9, 34 mm. Cie- naga at Calamar. © 8 FIG. 4. Rivulus elegans Steindachner. After Steindachner. - FIG. 5. Gambusia caliensis Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 6700, C. M., Q, 34 mm. Cali. - FIG. 6. Pseudopaecilia fria. Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 13107a, I. U. M., Q, 28 mm. Vinces. , FIG. 7. Pseudopoecilia fria Eigenmann and Henn. Allotype. No. 13107, I. U. M., d", 18.5 mm. Vinces. • FIG. 8. Poeciliopsis colombiana (Eigenmann and Henn). Allotype. No. 4838, C. M., d", 35 mm. Rio Dagua. - FIG. 9. Poeciliopsis colombiana (Eigenmann and Henn). Type. No. 4837, C. M., 2, 64 mm. Rio Dagua. FIG. 10. Rivulus magdalenae Eigenmann and Henn. Type. No. 5813, C. M., 56 mm. Ibagué. - •ºr - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Mollienisia, Rivulus, Gambusia, Pseudopaecilia, Paeciliopsis. PLATE XXVII. 332 MEMOIRs of THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII. Fig. 1. Stolephorus branchiomelas Eigenmann. Type. No. 7491, C. M., 68 mm. Mouth of Rio Dagua. - - 4. - FIG. 2. Joturus dagua. Eigenmann. Type. No. 7458, C. M., 195 mm. Rio Dagua at Caldas. Fig. 3. Stellifer melanocheir Eigenmann. Type. No. 7520, C. M., 120 mm. Tumaco. - - . . . - - FIG. 4. Sicydium hildebrandi Eigenmann. Type. No. 7466, C. M., 135 mm. Rio Dagua at Cisnero. - - - - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XXVIII. º º - - Lº: *>º J. geº: º º*Fº ... º º ºğ º º §3333333333.3% º §§§§§§333.3% º sº 33,3}º § §§§ 3. - º §§§33.3% º Yºğºšššº º §§ § §§§ §§§§§§ y - º)3)3}{\º ºš - J.K.)Y) §§§ J §§§ jº 33 3% ! Stolephorus, Joturus, Stellifer, Sicydium. 334 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX. FIG. 1. Hemieleotris levis Eigenmann. Type. No. 13865, I. U. M., 48 mm. Buenaventura. - - • - FIG. 2. Gobius dagua, Eigenmann. Type. No. 7481, C. M., about 133 mm. Rio Dagua. * - - Fig. 3. Awaous transandeanus (Günther). No. 7463a, C. M., 173 mm. Istmina. FIG. 4. Awaous decemlineatus Eigenmann. Type. No. 7478, C. M., 80 mm. Quibdo. - - Fig. 5. Thalassophryne quadrizonatus Eigenmann. Type. No. 3921, C. M., 35 mm. Truando. - - PLATE XXIX. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. Hemieleotris, Gobius, Awaous, Thalassophryne. 336 MEMOIRs of THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. \ EXPLANATION OF PILATE XXX. FIG. 1. AEquidens mariae Eigenmann. Type. No. 15011, I. U. M., 110 mm. ‘Cumaral. - - - FIG. 2. A guidens metae Eigenmann. Type. No. 13967, I. U. M., 155 mm. Barrigón. - e - FIG. 3. AEquidens rivulatus (Günther). No. 14191, I. U. M., 220 mm. over all, 202 mm. to end of caudal. Chone. FIG. 4. AEquidens biseriatus Regan. No. 14198, I. U. M., 154 mm. Rio Calima. 2. º suºpºmbáy *№. ¿ §§§§§§§№|- №ĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒĒ}&{}{}{ ģĞğ% [] ！ "XXX FILWTA|- 'XI TOA "WQESQUN GIORNAVO SHIOWEW 338 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI. FIG. 1. AEquidens sapayensis (Regan). No. 14196, I. U. M., 117 mm. to end of middle caudal rays. The fourth ray below the middle should be prolonged. Rio Telembi. - FIG. 2. Cichlasoma ornatum Regan. No. 14169, I. U. M., 225 mm. Rio Magui. FIG. 3. Cichlasoma ornatum gephyrum Eigenmann. Paratype. No. 7639b, C. M., 78 mm. Rio Dagua, at Cordova. - - FIG. 4. Cichlasoma ornatum gephyrum Eigenmann. Type. No. 7639a, C. M., 240 mm. Cordova. w * * º 340 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII. FIG. 1. Cichlasoma festae (Boulenger). No. 14177, I. U. M., 174 mm. Rio Chan- chan. - * * g * * Fig. 2. Geophagus pellegrini Regan. No. 7617, C. M., 180 mm. to end of middle caudal rays. Istmina. - - FIG. 3. Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann and Hildebrand. No. 7605, C. M., 130 mm. Soplaviento. - -> . Fig. 4. Geophagus crassilabris Steindachner. (After Steindachner.) ºsnffoņdo99 ‘pulosoņņoſ. O ∞ №. }：}：} }，---- ■ ¿§§ №， º � №ģ , VXX GLWTH… + + + +· XIT0A （WO3SnJN GIORNAVO SHIOWEJN 342 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII. Fig. 1. . Aquidens latifrons (Steindachner). No. 14184, I. U. M., 101 mm. Ras- padura. - - --- * Fig. 2. Aquidens rivulatus (Günther). No. 14.193, I. U. M., 175 mm. Naranjito, Ecuador. - - FIG. 3. Cichlasoma atromaculatum Regan. No. 14155, I. U. M., 145 mm. Ist- mina. Fig. 4. Cichlasoma atromaculatum Regan. No. 14162, I. U. M., 200 mm. Tru- ando. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XXXIII. Æquidens, Cichlasoma. 344 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIV. FIG. 1. Plecostomus spinosissimus (Steindachner). No. 13910, I. U. M., Q , 540 mm. Guayaquil. - FIG. 2. Plecostomus spinosissimus (Steindachner). No. 13910, I. U. M., 6, 550 mm. Guayaquil. # FIG. 3. Moenkhausia meta: Eigenmann. Type. 15026, I. U. M., 61 mm. Barrigon. FIG. 4. Pomodasys sinuosus Eigenmann. Type. No. 13892, I. U. M., 161 mm. Rio Patia. - - Fig. 5. Sternarchus rostratus Meek and Hildebrand. No. 5596a, C. M., 203 mm. Apulo. FIG. 6. Sternarchus maria. Eigenmann and Fisher. Type. No. 5594c, C. M., 201 mm. Girardot. - - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XXXIV. Plecostomus, Moenkhausia, Pomodasys, Sternarchus. 346 - MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV. FIG. I. Sternarchus leptorhynchus Ellis. No. 13374, I. U. M., 206 mm. Rio Dagua, Cordova. - - - Fig. 2. Sternarchus maria Eigenmann and Fisher. Paratype. No. 13375, I. U. M., 271 mm. Apulo. - - - FIG. 3. Sternarchus rostratus Meek and Hildebrand. No. 13377, I. U. M., 289 mm. Apulo. . FIG. 4. Sternarchus rostratus Meek and Hildebrand. No. 13378, I. U. M., 175 mm. Cartago. - - FIG. 5. Sternarchus rostratus Meek and Hildebrand. No. 13378, I. U. M., 153 mm. Cartago. FIG. 6. Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider). No. 13392, I. U. M., 227 mm. Rio Magui. FIG. 7. Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider). No. 13398, I. U. M., 178 mm. Cartago. s - FIG. 8. Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider). N o. 13394, I. U. M., 685 mm. Guayaquil. - - - - FIG. 9. Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider). No. 13394, I. U. M., 800 Iſllſ/l. Guayaquil. - - MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. PLATE XXXV. Sternarchus, Sternopygus. MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX, - PLATE XXXVI. ! - 79 78 77 - - 25 73 º : 3 sº ºr . . . . . . . . ~~, . . . ºn-º-º: jº º Aºtº sº gº-ºº-ººººººº-ºººººººººº sºlº ºr , , " : * > . . . . . . . * * * ºf . . . ; ; ; ; : '…. º., ; ; ; ; ; *...*.*.*.*.*:::::... º. º.º.º.º.º. º.º. " '' ... . . . . . . . . . . , ; ; ; , , , . . . . . . . . . . º: ºf: , , , ºr sº sº ºr ºf sº: ...:"...º.º. sº,Raºl chériº $/ º $0. ry U 9|Pozzo M059 * > - |S) E\ R Tº 9) ) sº. |''//** A. (r) ,” * º Tare” f & | x. tºº - ;S sº - 0 g :- / ſ - º Ay (C8 TRESMORRC & ~ - * - \ Sº Yarurºal 7.333 Carolina. & Antioquia. 3 | S $ Bałosa ** 4. * Cºirardot - #9%. 69 NORTHWESTERN souTH AMERICA Ta E-3 SECTION ONE = SHOVViNG ROUTES OF Meek and Hildebrand 4+ + 4 +++++++++++++ ſ C/ia7-7es E. (Q)i/SOP2 –– x – – X – —x - – x-- x - - | C. H. Eigenmann ſ A} i vides Boundaries . .--------———- | | | | | | | | | | | N/AP OF - | | | | % i Y. \ * oMedellin/ - -** 2} \e Concºrdia o <& *gs fºoz 57065 & “ ~~ e . B livār º Sta.E. A - Á \ º j}Quibdó _{*}}. 2% *** - A Cº. \ º # in-ſºº. 2–9 Jºe Cárar.ántay * 2) Y. \ . / Q ſº- § O ſº § Q" O © e. - gº *... • ; : Nº7 C°CARyºnTº: Valpa;-aiso.ſº) y _/ ?-- —zz y --> (Š * * , a - gº Y d 22. cº * * A localitics where collections were made ſ are zinderlined. . | º Q} R.Angaaksº, _^ - : & |La Dorad \ - * &mmºrums | il KIQ Marmato, ~~ *> £2 a-Ajº. e- | | 3. | 76 -** | W M W 8 80 - 79 78 77 i • * * º º, 75 74 73 MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. 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H0 P º M. - & WN - º; CH . ſº s G-F §§§Rcu %, º - \ $33°o f tº . . . . . . . . . ...'...' . . . . . . . . º —h ... .º. ºº y º , * * * * º 3 ***'. º --tº- - * * * - 81 78 77 76 75 74 73 MEMOIRS CARNEGIE MUSEUM, WOL. IX. - PLATE XXXVIII. ſ . 81 79 78 77 76 - 75 74 73 | ºº:: i | | I- º - I aſſºs.pdº' #. TZJ). F \ * aſſº gº V \ ^ ºil.jsij | \\\ #º 6 Mºghachi Ill NIZA # * /7023 A ,-" ...” -- # ºpºsa * QUILQTO/ I A __396 : W22- CA50/2E 5Aay Laºayzo - 2^ - Fºlalo Jaśā # W H 1 / AS-2 Y \ | º \ ldélaFlata * ~ | Q A. O ºf ~ & | Wºfoº # * R $3. - Šºć O’ſ MO China º - O \ 2) 1080 &#TºguPAGUA \ Avay7A slºwe, O 9 ) º tö690 \ - Gwarand § • \ rºo Tu-X& M - So33 - ©. Canelos \ N () J f { *º- <&ze, Nº. ſ 2 \ FC U ºwnest ** & - - \ ſºftnote \ \º- Ş. H2 \ / - \ . . D-TS 2- \ > \ Ardoas - - & º * ! Zeszerto Gliſſ, NMAP OF - & &\ --> §) ſº NORTHWESTERN SOUTH AMERICA & - Ta-3 SECTION THREE t = ~ 2APA7/-//UASA/AW/ - - /~~ SHOVVING ROUTES OF rarinas /?rthur (). Henn ( Landon Expedition)——––– sº C. H. 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