WILLIAM L. CLEMENTS X Х Very fine cony Original man sercat et uneat at bottom STC 14 4 4 4 collated 1955 THE STRANGE AND DANGE ROVS VOY AGE OF S E his intended Diſcouery of the Northweſt Paſſage into the South Sea. VV HEREIN THE MISERIES INDVRED BOTH Going, Wintering, Returning; and the Rarities obſerued, both Philoſophicall and Mathematicall, are related in this lournall of it. Publiſhed by His MAIESTIES command. To which are added, A Plat or Card for the Sayling in thofe Seas. Diuers little Tables of the Author's, of the Va- riation of the Compaſſe, &c. VV ITH An Appendix concerning Longitude, by Maſter HENRY GELLIBRAND Aſtronomy Reader of Greſham Colledge in London. AND An Aduiſe concerning the Philoſophy of theſe late Diſcoueryes, By w. w. LONDON, Printed by Iohn Legatt, for John Partridge. 1 6 3 3 છે કી.મી ) / 0 1100 | ( 0 0 , છે, છે . ડી છે. તો HE HOT TO THE KINGS MOST excellent and Sacred MAI ESTIE e Moſt dread Soueraigre, Hat my vnskilfull felfe was made choyce of for this imployment, and my vndertaking in it encoura- ged by Your gracious commande- ment; I muſt euer account of for the greateſt honour, that euer yet befell mee. Many a Storme, and Rocke, and Miſt, and Wind, and Tyde, and Sea, and Mount of Ice, haue I in this Diſcouery encountred withall; Many a deſpaire and death had, almoſt, ouer- whelmed mee; but ſtill the reinembrance of the Ac- compt that I was to giue of it to ſo gracious a Maieſty, put me in heart againe; made mee not to giue way to mine owne feares, or the infirmities of humanitie. Your Majeſtie in my employment (like a true Father of your Countrey) intended the good of your Subjects: and who is not bound to bleſſe God for your Royall care in it? Had it, now, beene my fortune, to haue done my Countrey this ſeruice, as to haue brought home the newes of this ſuppoſed and long fought for Paſſage ; T3 then then ſhould the Merchant haue enjoyed the ſweetneffe of the hoped profit, and the Subject haue beene ſenſible of the benefit of your Majeſties royall intentions in ir. I have done my good willin it: and though not brought home that newes, yet ſhall I here divulge thoſe obfer- liations; which may (I hope) become ſome way bene- ficiall vnto my Countrey. The Accompt of them, I here, in all humilitie, offer vnto your moſt Iudicious Majeſty. Your gracious acceptance of what I had done, though I had not done what was expected, em- boldeneth me to doe fo: and ſince your Majeſtie was pleaſed to ſignifie your deſires, of hauing a Briefe of my Voyage preſented vnto you: that word became a Command vnto mee, to draw this rude Abſtract of it. Your Majeſtie will pleaſe to conſider, That they were rough elements, which I had to doe withall: and will, with fauour, vouchſafe to pardon, if a Sea-mans ſtyle be like what he moſt conuerſeth with. In the plaine- neſſe therefore of well-meaning, ſince your Majeſtie hath beene fo gracious to mee, as to appoint mee your Seruant, I am now bound to vow you my feruice: and it ſhall be my honour to be commanded it: and I ſhall account no dangers too great, in the going thorow it. Theſe are the reſolutions of doo Tour Majesties humbleſt Subject BUY TO lood and Seruant, yo also llavol toy bob an Ým robusom THOMAS LAMES oda mod soda todolbos bolood and 20 To my worthy friend and fellow- Templar Captaine I Am E S. Haue peruſed your Tournall. Tocom- mend it, were to difpraiſe it; Good wine needs no Enſigne : Mos eſt fæ- da coloribus abdere: yet this I muſt needs ſay, you haue Shewed your ſelfe to be a Master of your Art. The * worth of a Warrier and Pylot is * Miles in acie neuer diſcouered but in ſtormes and skirmiſhes, and probatur Gu- how many skirmiſhes of ſtormes and tempeſts you have tempeftate dig. paſt,this Iournall of yours doth ſufficiently maniféft : Goe noſcitur. on then, and as you hauebegun well, ſo when any good oc- caſion is offered ſecond your good beginnings with ſutable proceedings : and let not the cold entertainment you haue had in the frozen Seas freeze up your affections in vn- dertaking other worthy employments. So may you deſerue, with Columbus, Drake, and Frobuſher, to have the remembrance of you ſmell ſweetly in the nostrils of po- ſteritie, when you are in the duft. Farewell, From the Inner Temple, THOMAS NAS#. IAMES . Ætatis . Tell * THE 40 sue Baffins Baye: TRVE எங்கம்மா PORTRAICIOS Som has a time SVWOHS bo JV do Cumberland Ilands C Charles New North Wales Buttons Baye m Cary Sitans nest. Cape Deſolation Briags his Bay Cape Port Nelson New Severne Iames ms Baye hoog Terra La Brador باراناسي CHenrietta Maria Monmouth OF New South Wales the a su River of anada New found Land Entry Do ( CHenrietta Maria 77 C Monmouth. Iames his Baye 176 Lo Westons 175 St Tho: ROBI Charlton Odaryes I 173 Dang land > 472 3 450 169 468 467 60. 1651 İzeland 464 H63 462 Frabidhors Streiches 461 460 Frezeland 59 Farewell 도 ​돌 ​Scotland 57 1507 155 54 HE PLATT AYLING FOR 1scoverye of приерәлі, 53 England 152 H52 253 age into the 50 South Sea. 3631. 1632 he 491 14 1401 "He Printer defires to be excufed to the Courteous Reader, if in an Argument of this Nature, cbe Compoſiter, not chroughly acquainted with termes of Nauigation, hath ſometimes, which he feareth, and in ſome words miſtaken the Authors minde; as in flowed for food &c. promiſing a fugure amends(if Occaſion profer it felfe) by a more cxact Impreſlion. Farewell lotti го NAVI SAMOT THE South Sea, and ſo to proceed to PREPARATIONS TO THE VOYAGE. Auing bin for many yeeres impor- tuned, by my Honorable and wor- Shipfall friends ; to undertake the diſcouery of that part of the world, which is commonly called The the Weſtward; Being prejt forward withall , by ſignify- ing to mee the earneſt deſire the Kings moſt excellent Ma- ieštie had, to be ſatisfied therein : I acquainted my much Honoured friends the Merchants of Briſtoll therewith: who as ever they haue bin Benefactors and Aduancers of them that purſue the wayes of Honour : together with the enlargement and benefit of his Maiešties Kingdomes: did freely offer to bee at the chargeof furniſhing forth ſhip- ping for this purpoſe. And now being thus enabled, I addreſt my ſelfe to the Honourable Sir Thomas Roe, Knight (as to a learned , and furthest employed traueller boy 20 The Preparations to the Voyage. by Sea and Land, this day in England) who ioyfully pre- ſented theirs and mine owne voluntary willingnelſe,to doe his Maieſties Seruice in this kinde: who moſt graciouſly accepted of the offer; and encouraged mee by many fauours in my weake undertakings. Wherefore with all ſpeed Icon- viued in my mind the beſt modell I could;wherby I might effect my deſigne. The Adventurers monies were instant- ly ready,and put into a Treaſurers hand: that there might beno want of preſent pay, for any thing I thought necef- ſary for the Voyage I was euer of the opinion, that this particular action might be better effected by one fhip,then by two conſorted: becauſe in thoſe Icie Seas, so much ſubiect to fogs, they might be eaſily ſeparated; I forbeare to ſpeake of ſtormes and other accidents : as that a Rendezvous in diſcoueries, cannot ſurely, or without much hinderance be appointed and that ſpeedy perſeuerance is the life of ſuch a buſineſſe. Wherefore I refolued to haue but one Ship, the ship-boate, and a shallop. A great Ship (as by former experience I had found) was unfit to be forc'd thorow the ice : wherefore I made choice of a well-conditioned, ſtrong ship, of the burthen of ſeuentie Tunne : and in God and that only Ship, to put: she hope of my future fortunes. The Ship refolued vpon, and that in leffe time then. 18. moneths our voyage could not be effcéted: I next con- fidered how our Ship of feuentie Tuns in bulke and weight might now beproportioned; in victuals, namely,and other neceſſaries : this was all done, as contractedly as we could: and the number of men it would ſerve, at ordinary allow- ance, for the forementioned time; was found to be twenty two, a ſmall number to performe ſuch a buſineffe , yet double The Preparations to the Voyage. 3 double ſufficient to Sayle the ship, with prouident care- fulneſſe. The Baket,Brewer,Butcher and others, undertake their Offices upon their credits ; knowing it to be a generall bu- fineſſe,and their utter undoing if they fayled in perfor- mance, but truly they prooued themſelues Masters in their Arts; and haue my praiſe for their honeſt care : in them conſisting a great part of the performance of the voyage. The Carpenters goe in hand with the Ship: to make her as ſtrong and feruiceable , as poſsibly in their under- ſtandings they could. Euery thing being duly proportioned, and my ſmall number of men knowne ; I began to thinke of the quality and abilitiethey ſhould be of. Voluntary loyterers I at firſt diſclaimed, and publiſhed I would have all unmarried, approoued, able, and healthy Sea-men : in a few dayes an abundant number preſented themſelues; furniſhed with generall ſufficiencie in ma- rine occaſions ; I firſt made choice of a Boate-fwayne; and fome to worke with him, for fitting the rigging of the Ship: and as things went forward, fhipt the ſubordinare Crue; and all things being perfectly ready, I ſhipt the Maſters mates, and laft of all, the Maſter of my ship, and my Liefetenant. The whole company were ſtrangers to me, and to each other ( as by way of familiaritie) but yet priuately recommended by worthy Merchants, for their abilitie and faithfulneſſe. I was ſought to by diuers, that had bin in places of the chiefest command in this action formerly; and others alſo that had vſed the Northerly Icie Seas: but I utterly refuſed them all , and would by no meanes haue any with mee that had bin in the like voy- age, or adventures, for ſome priuate reaſons unneceſſary here 4 The Preparations to the Voyage. power in here to be related; keeping thus the my owne hands I had all the men to acknowledge immediate dependance vpon my ſelfe alone; both for direction and diſpoſing of all, as well of the Nauigation, as all other things whatſoeuer. In the meare time, the better to ſtrengthen my former ſtudies in this buſineſſe, I ſeeke after lournals, Plors, Diſcourſes; or what-euer elfe might helpe my under- ftanding I ſet skilfull workemen to make me Quadrants, Staues, Semicircles, &c. as much, namely, as conserne the Fa- bricke of them : not truſting to their Mechannicke hands, to diuide them; but had them diuided by an ingenious practitioner in the Mathematicks. I likewiſe bad Com- paſſe-needles made after the moſt reaſonableſt and truest wayes that could be thought on : and by the firſt of April, euery thing was ready to be put together into our hopefull Ship. In the meane ſpace, I made a Tourney vp to London, to know his Maieſties further pleaſure; and to make knowne to him my readineſſe: who calling for the forementioned Honourable Knight, I ſpeedily after receiued his Maieſties Royall Letters; with directions for proceeding in my voy- age, and my diſcharge : whereupon I had foorth the ship into the Rode, expecting a faire winde to begin the voyage. VA 5 SO A Voyage for the diſcouering with others of my kindred and native a Paſſage to the South Sea. He ſecond of May, 1631. I tooke May 2. my leaue of the Worſhipfull Merchant Aduenturers in this Action, in the Citie of Briſtoll: and being accompanied with a Reuerend Diuine, one Maſter Thomas Countrey-men; I repaired aboord. Here Maſter Palmer made a Sermon: exhorting vs to continue brotherly loue amongſt vs, and to be bold to profeſſe the true Chriſtian Religion where-cuer we ſhould happen, in this our perigrination. After they had receiued ſuch entertainment, as my eſtate could affoord them; they departed for Briſtoll. This afternoone, I made reuiew of all things; aſwell of clothes, and other neceſſaries, as of victuals ; and where there was found any want, wee were preſently furniſhed. The third of May (after Prayer for a proſperous ſucceſſe to our endeauours ) about three a clocke in the afternoone we came to Sayle: and Stode downe the Channell of Senerne, with little winde, but ſlowly got forward to the Weſtward of Lundie; and then the winde oppoſed it felfe ſo ſtrongly againſt vs, that we were driuen to beare vp and come to an Anker in Lundie-Rode the fifth in the euening; where we re- mained vntill the eighth in the morning. Now hoping the winde would fauour vs, wee came to Sayle; but wee were forc'd to put into Milford: where we came to an Anker about 3. A 3 6 A Voyage for the diſcouering May 23. June 4 5. 6. abolit mid-night. Here we remained till the ſewenteenth in the morning; when with the firſt fauouring winde, we pro- ceeded and doubled about Cape Cleere of Ireland. The two and twentieth we were in Latitude 51 : 26. and the Blaskes did beare of vs North-eaſt, about twelue leagues off: which Blaskes is in Lat.52.4. Here I ordred the courſe that ſhould bee kept : which was generally Weſt North-weſt, as the winde would give leaue : which in this Courſe and diſtance, is very variable and vnconſtant. The fourth of Iune we made the land of Groynland: ftanding in with it to haue knowledge of the trending of it; It prooued very thicke foule weather; and the next day, by two a clocke in the morning, we found our ſelues incompaſſed about with Ice : and endeauouring to cleere our ſelues of it (by reaſon we could not ſee farre about Vs) we were the more ingaged, and ſtrooke many fearefull blowes againſt it: At length we made faſt to a great piece, (itblowing a very ſtorme) and with poles wrought day and night to keepe off the Ice; in which labour we broke all our poles. The ſixth about two a cocke in the morning, we were beſet with many extraordinary great pieces of Ice, that came vpon vs, as it were with wilfull violence : and doubtleffe had cruſhed vs to pieces, if we had not let fall fome Sayle which the Ship preſently felt. In ſcaping that danger, we ran againſt another great piece, that we doubted whether our Ship had not bin ſtav'd to pieces. But pumping, we found ſhe made no water. The former pieces of Ice, had cruſhed our Shallop all to pieces; wherefore I cauſed our long Boate fpeedily to be had vp from betwixt the Decks, and put ouer Boord: by helpe whereof we againe recouered our broken Shallop; and had her vp on the Decks intending to new build her. All this day, we did beat,and were beaten fcarefully, amongſt the Ice; it blowing a very ſtorme. In the euening, wee were incloſed amongſt great pieces ; as high as our Poope : and ſome of the Charpe blue corners of them, did reach quite vnder vs. All theſe great pieces ( by reaſon it was the out-Side of the Ice) did heaue and fer, and ſo beat vs; that it was wonderfull how the Ship could indure one blow of it; but it was Gods only prefer- a Paſſage to the South Sea. 7 7.& 8. 9. preferuation of vs, to whom be all honour and glory. In this extremitie, I made the men to let fall, and make what Sayle they could ; and the Ship forced her felfe thorow it: though ſo toffed and beaten, as I thinke neuer Ship was. When we were cleere, we fayed the pumps, and found her ſtanch: vpon which we went inſtantly to prayer, and to praiſe God for his mercifull deliucry of vs. The feuenth and eighth dayes, we indeauoured to double about Cape Farewell; being ſtill peſtered with much Ice. The ninth, we were in Lar. 59.00. and we made account the Cape Farewell bare of vs duc Eaſt, and ſome ten leagues off. The Blaskes in Ireland, is in Lat. 52.4. and Cape Fare- well in Lat. 59.00. The courſe is Weſt North-weſt: and the diſtance about 410. leagues: I know very well theſe La- titudes, courſes and diſtance, doe not exactly agree with Ma- thematicall concluſions : bur thres we found it by practice. The variation of the Compaſſe in Lat. 52.30. and 30. leagues to the Weſtward of Ireland, is about 3.00. to the Eaſtward; in Lat.57. 00, about 310. leagues, Weſt North-weſt, from the Blaskes, the Compaffe doth vary 9.00. to the Weſt-ward: in Lat. 59.15. fome 40 leagues to the Eaſt-ward, of Cape Farewell, the variation is about 14.45. In this courſe I haue bin obferuant whether there were any Currant that did ſet to the N. E. as ſome haue written there did, and that as well in Calme weather, as other-wayes : But I could not perceiue any. The windes here are variable; and the Sea of an vn- ſearchable depth. We haue not ſeene from Ireland hitherto, any Whales or other Filh ; The weather, for the moſt part, was foggie and miſtic, that wets as bad as raine. The tenth all the morning, was very foule weather : and a high-growne Sea: although we had Íce not farre off about vs, and ſome pieces, as high as our Top-maft-head. Our long Boate, which we were faine to Towe at Sterne (by reaſon we were building our Shallop on our Decks) broke away, and put vs to fome trouble to recouer her againe. This we did, and made meanes to haue her into the Ship, though very much bruiſed: and that I had two men lore huars, and like to be 10 8 A Voyage for the diſcouering 17 beloft in the hauing of her in. By eight a clocke this euening, we were ſhot vp as high as Cape Deſolation : for finding here the Land to trend away North and by Eaſt, we certainly knew it to be the Cape. It ſtands in Lar. 60.00. and the Land from Cape Farewell to it, trends N. W. the diſtance about 40. leagues. The diſtance from Cape Deſolation, to the South end of the Iland of Reſolution, is about 140: leagues: the courſe Weſt, halfe a point North. The Lat. of the South end of the Iland, being 61. 20. fome 12. leagues to the Weſt- ward of Cape Deſolation, the variation is 16.00. In this courſe, we were much tormented, peſtered and beaten with the Ice : many pieces being higher then our Top-maſt-head. In our way, we ſaw many Grampuſſes amongſt the Ice ; and it ſeemeth the Sea is full of them: The weather for the moſt part, a ſtinking fogge; and the Sea, very blacke : which I con- ceiue to be occaſioned by reaſon of the fogge. The feuenteenth at night, we heard the rurt of the ſhoare, as we thought: but it provued to be the rutt againſt a banke of Ice, that lay on the ſhoare. It made a hollow and a hide- ous noyſe, like an ouer-fall of water : which made vs to rea- ſon amongſt our felues concerning it: for we were not able to ſee about vs, it being darke night, and foggie. We ſtood off from it, till brcake of day; then in againe : and about 4.a clocke in the morning wee faw the Land aboue the fogge: which we knew to be the Iland of Reſolution. This laſt night was ſo cold, that all our Rigging and Sayles were frozen. Wee endeauoured to compaſſe about the Southern point of the Iland: for that we were ſo much peſtered with the Ice, and blinded with a very thicke fogge. Here runnes a quicke tyde into the Straight; but the ebbe is as ſtrong as the flood; The fogge was of ſuch a piercing nature that it ſpoiled all our Compaſſes, and made them flagge; and ſo heauy withall, that they would not trauerfe. Wherefore I would aduiſe any, that ſhall Sayle this way hereafter, to prouide Compaſſes of Muſconia Glaſſe, or ſome other matter, that will endure the moiſture of the weather.- As the fogge cleered vp, we could ſee the entrance of the Straight, to be all full of Ice cloſe a Paſſage to the South Sea. 20. cloſe thronged together. Indeauouring to goe forward, wee were faft incloſed amongſt it; and ſo droue to and againe with it, finding no ground at 230. fad. 4. leagues from the {hoare. The twentieth in the morning, we had got about the Sou- therne point of the Iland; and the winde came vp at Weſt, and droue both vs and the Ice vpon the ſhoare. When we were driuen within two leagues of the ſhoare, we came a- mongſt the moſt ſtrangeſt whirlings of the Sea, that poſſibly can bee conceiued; There were diuers great pieces of Ice a- ground in 40. fad. water, and the ebbe comming out of the broken grounds of the Iland, amongſt theſe Iles of Ice, made fuch a diſtractio that we were carryed round:ſometimes cloſe by the Rocks; ſometimes cloſe by thoſe high pieces: that we were afeard they would fall vpon vs. We were ſo bea- ten likewiſe with the encountering of the Ice, that we were in a moſt deſperate eſtate: We made faſt two great pieces of Ice to our ſides, with our Kedger and Grapnels, that drew 9. or 10. fad. that ſo they might bea-ground before vs, if ſo be we were driuen on the ſhoare. But that deſigne fayled vs: and now from the top feeing in amongſt the Rocks, I ſent the Boate ( for now wee had finiſhed her ) to ſee if ſhes could finde ſome place of ſecuritie: but ſhec was no ſooner parted, but ſhee was incloſed, and driuen to hale vp on the Ice, or elſe ſhee had beene cruſhed to pieces. They ranne her ouer the Ice from piece to piece: and in the meane ſpace, with the whirling and incountring of the Ice, the two pieces brake away from our fides, and carryedaway our Kedger and Grapnels : Then we made ſignes to the Boate, to make all the hafte ſhe could to vs: which thee perceiving, did : the men being with much difficultie inforced to hale her ouer many pieces of Ice. In the meane ſpace, we made fome Sayle, and got to that piece of Ice, that had our Grapnell on it: which wee againe recouered. By this time, was cur Boate come; and We put afreſh Crue into her, and ſent her to ferch our Kedger : which ſhee endeauoured with much dan- ger of Boate and Men. By this time, the Ship was driuen ſo Б neere A Voyage for the diſcouering neere the ſhoare, that we could ſee the Rocks vnder vs and about vs : and we ſhould be carryed with the whirlings of the waters, cloſe by the points of Rocks, and then round a- bout backe againe : and all this, notwithſtanding the Sayle we had abroad, that we expected continually when ſhee would be beaten to pieces. In this extremitie, I made them to open more Sayle, and to force her in amongſt the Rocks and broken grounds : and where there was many great pieces of Ice aground. We went ouer Rocks, that had but 12. or 13. foot water on them; and ſo let fall an Anker. This An- ker had neuer bin able to winde vp the Ship, but that, (by good fortune) the Ship ranne againſt a great piece of Ice, that was a-ground. This ruſh , brake the Mayne knec of her Beake head, and a corner of it: tare away 4. of our mainc Shrouds, and an Anker that we had at the Bowe,faſtened into it: and lo ſtopt her way,that ſhe did winde vp to her Anker. Wee ſaw the ſharpe Rocks vndervs, and about vs; and had but 15. foot water : being alſo in the ſides way, where all the Ice would driue vpon vs : Our Boate we could not fee; which made vs doubt thee had bin cruſhed to pieces. In her, was the third part of our company : but by and by we ſaw her come about a point amongſt the Rocks. Shee had reco- uered our Kedger; which made vs fomething ioyfull; With all ſpeed we laid out Hawfers to the Rocks; and euery one did worke to the beſt of his ſtrength, to Warp her out of this dangerous place, to the Rocks fides: where wee had 3, fad. water, and were vnder the ſhelter of a great piece of Ice that was a-ground, which ſhould keepe off the Ice, that otherwiſe would haue driuen vpon vs. Here wee lay very well all the ebbe; but when the flood came, we were affaul- ted with pieces of Ice, that euery halfe houre put vs into deſpayrable diſtreſſe. We did worke continually and extreme- ly, to keepe off the Ice. At full Sca, our great piece of Ice (which was our buckler) was afoate; and doe what wee could, got away from vs, and left vs in a moft eminent dan- ger, by reaſon of the Ice that droue in vpon vs. But the ebbe being once made this great piece of Ice came againea-ground very # Paſſage to the South Sed. 21. very fanourable to vs; and ſheltered vs all the reſt of the ebbe. All night we wrought hard, to ſhift our Cables and Hawſers; and to make them faſt aloft on the Rocks, that the Ice might the better paſſe vnder them. All day, and all night, it ſnowed hard; and blew a very ſtorme at Weſt; which droue in all the Ice out of the Sea vpon vs. In working a- gainſt the violence of the Ice, the flooke of our Kedger was broken; two armes of our Grapnels, and two Hawſers, our Shallop being againe very much bruiſed: whereapon to work wegoe on all hands to repaire it. This eyde, the Harbour was choaked full of Ice; ſo that it did ſeemc firme and ynmooueable: but when the ebbe was made it did mooue. Somegreat pieces came a-ground;which did alter the courſe of the other Ice, and purvs on the Rocks. Here, notwithſtanding all our vttermoft endeauours, ſhe ſet- tled vpon a ſharpe Rocke; about a yard aboue the Mayne Maft; and as the water ebbed away, ſhe hung after the Head, and heeld to the Offing. We made Cables and Hawſers alofc to her Mafts, and ſo to the Rocks; ſtraining them tough with our Tackles: but fhce as the water ebbed away, ſunke ftill, that at length ſhee was ſo turned ouer, that we could not ſtand in her. Having now done all to the beſt of our vnder- ſtandings (but to little purpoſe) we went all vpon a piece of Ice and fell to prayer; beſeeching God to be mercifull vnto vs. It wanted yet an houre to low-water : and the tyde did want a foot and a halfe to ebbe, to what it had ebbed the laſt tyde. We were carefull obſeruers of the low-waters, and had marks by ſtones and other things which we had fer ур, fo that we could not be deceiucd. The Ship was ſo turn'do- uer, that the Portleſſe of the Fore-caſtell, was in the water : and we did looke euery minute, when ſhe would ouer-ſer. Indeed at one time, the Cables gaue way; and ſhee funke downe halfe a foot at that flip: but vnexpectedly it began to flow, and ſenſibly wee perceiued the water to riſe apace; and the Shippe withall. Then was our forrow turned to ioy, and we all fell on our knees,praiſing God for his mercy, in ſo miraculous a deliuerance. B2 Afſoonc 12 A Voyage for the diſcouering 2.2. As ſoon as ſhe was freed from this Rocke, we wrought hard to get her further off. All the flood, we were pretty quiet from the Ice : but when the ebbe was made, the Ice came all driuing againe vpon vs; which put vs to a great ex- tremity. We got as many pieces betwixt vs and the Rockes, as we could; to fence vs from the Rockes. There came a great piece vpon our quarter, which was aboue 300. of my pa- ces about, but it came a-ground. Thus did diuers great pieces beſides; which was the occaſion, that this tyde the Harbour was quite choakt vp: ſo that a man might goe any way o- uerit, from ſide to ſide. When it was three quarters ebbe, theſe great pieces that came a-ground, began to brcake with a moft terrible thundering noyſe: which put vs in a great feare, that thoſe about vs would breake vs all to pieces. But God preferued vs. This morning the water veer'd to a lower ebbe then the laft tide it had done, by two foote; whereby we ſaw Gods mercies apparent in our late extremity. That flood, wee had ſome reſpit from our labours; but after full fea, our hopes ebde too. The great peece that was by vs, ſo ſtopt the Chan- nell, that the Ice came all driuing vpon vs; ſo that now, vn- doubtedly we thought wee ſhould haue loſt our Ship. To workethereupon we goe, with axes, barres of iron, and any thing proper for ſuch a purpoſe; to breake the corners of the Ice, and to make way for it to driue away from vs. It pleaſed God to giue good ſucceſfe to our labours; and we made way for ſome, and fended off the reſt; and got ſo much of the fof- ter fort of the Ice betwixt vs and the Rockes, that we were in pretty ſecurity. But at low-water, thoſe peeces that were aground, breaking ; kept a moſt thundering noyſe about vs. This day I went aſhore ; and built a great Beacon with ſtones vpon the higheſt place of the Iland; and put a Croffe vpon it; and named this Harbour, The Harbour of Gods Providence, In the Euening, the Harbour was fuller of the Ice, then euer it had beene ſince we came hither : and the greater peeces grounded, and ſtopt the reſt, that none went out the ebbe, but the Ship lay, as if ſhee had laine in a bed of Ice. The 4 Paſſage to the South Sea. 13 23. The three and twentieth day in the morning, with the flood, the Ice droue vp amongſt the broken grounds; and with the ebbe, dřoue all out (it being then very calme) except one ex- traordinary great peece: which comming aground not farre from ys, ſettled it felfe in ſuch a manner, that we much feard him. But there came no more great Ice after him: 0- therwiſe, we muſt haue expected as great dauger, as at any time heretofore. I tooke the boate, and went aſhoare vpon the Eafterne ſide; to ſee if I could finde any place freer from danger then this vnfortunate place: where amongſt the Rockes, I diſcried a likely place. From the top of the Hill where I was, I could ſee the Ship. It was now almoſt lowe water: at which inſtant the forementioned piece of Ice brake with a terrible noyfe into foure pieces : which made me doubtfull it had not ſpoyled the Ship; it being full halfe maſt high. I made what haſte I could to the boate, and ſo to the Ship, to be ſatisfied: where I found all well, Godbe thanked : for that the Ice had broken from the Ship-ward. I inſtantly ſent away the boate, to found the way to a Coue that I had found : which was a very dangerous paſſage for the boare. At her returne, we vn-moord the Ship: and with what ſpeede poſſible warpt away from amongſt this terrible Ice. We were not a mile from them, but they brake all to pieces: and would ſurely haue made vs beare them company, but that God was more mercifull vnto vs. We got about the Rocks,and ſo into this little Coue which I had ſo newly dif- couered. Here we made faſt to the Rockes; and thought our felues in indifferent ſafety : which being done, I went afhoare againe, to wander vp and downe, to ſee what I could diſco- uer. I found it all broken Rockie grounds; and not ſo much as a tree, herbe, or graffe vpon it: Some Ponds of water chere were in it, which were not yer thawed, and therefore not ready for the fowle; We found not in the ſnow any footing of Deere, or Beares, but Foxes we ſaw one or two. We found where the Saluages had beene; but it was long (ince. They had made fiue hearths; and we found a few fire- brands about them; and ſome heads of Foxes, and bones of B 3 Foxes; 14 A Voyage for the diſcouering Foxes; with ſome Whale-bones. I could not conceiue, to what purpoſe they ſhould come thither; for we could finde none or very little wood on the ſhoares ſide, and no fiſh at all; though we did dayly indeauour to take fome. But it may be, the feaſon was not yet come. I named this Coue by the Ma- fters name of my Ship, Prices Coue. The Latitude of it is 61.24. the Variation. The firebrands and chips which I fpake of, had beene cut with ſome hatchet or other good in- ſtrument of iron : from the top of the hills, we could fee the Ilands that are on the South ſhore, and commonly called Sir Thomas Buttons Iles : They did beare South and by Eaſt, halfe a point Eaſterly:fome 14.0r 15 leagues diſtant vpon the change day, it flowes here ſeuen a clocke and a halfe; and the tydc higheſt at moſt three fad. The flood comes from the Eaſtwards, and thither it retumes. I haue beene obſeruant from the top of the hills; whence I might deſcry the great pieces of Ice, 2. or 3.leagues from the ſhoare, driue to and againe with the flood and ebbe indifferently. Hence I col- lected that aſſuredly there is no currant ſets in here, but that it is a meere tyde. Neere the ſhoare, the eddies whirle into twenty manners; when the ebbe is made: which is, becauſe it comes out of the broken ground amongſt the Ice that is a- ground neere the ſhoare: Beſides which reafon, there be di- uers Rockes lying vnder water; on which you ſhall haue now 30. then I 2. and anon but 8. and then 20. fad. And theſe vncertainties, occaſion ſuch diſtractions. I would therefore aduiſe none to come too neere thoſe dangerous ſhoares, for feare hee loſe his ſhip, and ſo by conſequence all: The laſt night, we tooke better reft then we had done in tenne nights before. And this morning being the 24. there ſprung yp a faire gale of wind at Eaſt: and after prayer we vnfaſtened our Ship, and came to faile, ſteering betwixt great pieces of Ice, that were a-ground in 40. fad. and twice as high as our top-maſt head. We went forth of this Coue', vpon the flood, and had none of thoſe whirlings of the waters, as we had at our going into 4 Paſſage to the South Sea. IS 26. into it. We indealioured to gaine the North ſhoare; kept our felues within a league of the ſhoare of the Iland of Reſolution, where we had ſome cleere water to ſaile thorow. In the O fing, it was all thicke throngd together,as might be poſſi- ble. By 12. a clocke, we were faſt incloſed, and notwithſtan- ding it blew very hard at Eaſt, yet we could make no way through it: but the hard corners of the Ice did grate vs with that violence, as I verily thought it would haue grated the plankes from the Ships ſides. Thus we continued in tor- ment, till the 26, day, driuing to and againe in the Ice; not being able to ſee an acre of fea from top-maſt head. This 26. was calme Sun-fhine weather; and we tooke the Latitude & Variation. The Latitude is, the Variation we founded, and had ground at 140. fad. ſmall white ſand. I cauſed the men to lay out ſome fiſhing lines ; but to no purpoſe: for I could not perceive that baite had beene ſo much as touched. The nights are very cold: ſo that our rigging freezes : and the freſh ponds of water ſtand vpon the Ice, aboue halfe apa inch thicke. The 27. there ſprung vp a little gale at South-Eaſt:and the Ice did ſomething open. Hereupon we let fall our foreſayle, and forced the Ship thorow the throng of Ice. In the Euen- ing, the winde came contrary, at W.N. W and blew hard: which cauſed vs to faſten to a great piece, to which were- mained moord till the 29. I am reſolued, that here is no currant: and that by many experiments which I haue made. Namely, by taking markes on the land ; and noting our drift to and againe, with the ebbe and flood, for many dayes together; as well in calma weather, as otherwayes. By all theſe experiments I found exactly, that the tide was no ſtronger there, then that be twixt England and France, This morning, there ſprung vp a fine gale at E. and the Ice did open fomething, fo that we did force the Ship chorow it with her fore-faile. By 12. a clocke, we were gotten into ſomne open water, with a fine gale of wind at Eaſt, and ſo cleere weather, that we could ſee the Iland of Reſolution, The 27. 28. 394 16 A voyage for the diſcouering July 5. The North end did beare of vs E. N. E. ſome 12. leagues off From this 29. till the 5. of Iuly, wee fayled continually thorow the Ice, with variable winds and fogges, and ſome- times calme. The 5. at noone, we had a good obferuation,and were in Latitude 63. 1S. and then wee faw Salisbury Iland, bearing W. by N. Tome 7. leagues off: with much Icebe twixt it and vs : to weather which, we were driuen to ſtand to the Northward. Soone after, we ſaw Prince Charles his Cape, and Mill Iland: and to the North-north-weſt, ( and in deed, round about vs ) the Sea moft infinitely peſtered with Ice. This did grieue mee very much: for whereas I had determined to proſecute the diſcouery to the North- weſtward, I ſaw it was not poſſible this yeere. Wee were moreouer driuen back againe with contrary windes;ſtill cloſed and peſtered with Ice: and with all the perils and dangers, incident to ſuch aduentures : ſo that we thought a thouſand times, that the Ship had bin beaten to pieces. By the fifteenth day of Iuly, we were got betwixt Digges Iland and Nottinghams Iland: not being able to get more Northward. There for an houre or two, we had ſome open 15. water. But before I proceed further, it were not amiffe in ſome manner to deſcribe the Straight, which begins at the Iland of Reſolution, and ends here at Digges Iland. If you goc downe into the Bay, the Straight is about 120. leagues long; and trends W. N. W. and E.S. E. generally. In the entrance, it is about 15. leagues broad; and then on the Southward fide, is a great Bay. About the middeft, it is likewiſe about 15. leagues broad : and then the Land opens ſomething wider:ſo that betwixt Digges Iland, and Cape Charles, it is about 20. leagues broad, Betwixt which two ſtands Salisbury Iland, and Nottingham Iland. If it be cleere weather, you may ſee both the South and the North fhoares: ordinarily, the depth in the middle of the Straight, is 120. faddomes,white ſand. A certaine tyde runnes in it, and no Current: The North Thoare, is the ſtraighteſt, and the cleereſt from Ice too. A- longſt the North ſhoare, you haue many low ſmall Ilands : which a Paffage to the South Sea. 17 16. which cannot be ſeene farre off from the land : and in many places, the land makes as if it had ſmall ſounds into it. The Maine land on both fides, is indifferent high land. And ſo much for diſcourſe may ſuffice: referring you to the Plot for the particulars. Being now refolued of the impoffibilitie to doe any thing to the North-weſtward, for the reaſons aforeſaid : I gaue order to the Maſter of my Ship to Stcere away, W.S.W.to haue a fight of Mansfeilds Iland; which the next day by three a clockein the after-noone,we had: hauing had ſo much dangerous foule weather amongſt the Ice, that we ſtrooke more fearefull blowes againſt it, then we had euer yer done. This was the firſt day that wee went to halfe allowance of bread Fleſh dayes: and I ordered things as ſparingly as I could. Two of our men complaine likewiſe of fickeneſſe; but foone afterward recouered. In the euening wee came to an Anker : and I ſent the Boate aſhoare to try the tydes. They brought mee word, that whileft the Boat was aſhoare, it flowed about ſome three foote: and as wee found by the Ship, and by the Ice; the water at that time came from the W.S. W. and that the higheſt tydes (ſo farre as they could perceiue)it had not highed aboue two faddome : They found that the Saluages had beene vpon it; by certaine fires which they found, and heapes of ſtones, Tracks of other beaſts, but Foxes they could not finde. The winde was ſo contrary, and the weather fo foggie; that we were faine to ſpend fome powder to recouer our Boate againe. Next morning being the 17. the winde came fomething fauourable: and wee wayed. The ſhoare being ſomething cleere of Ice (though very thicke all to the Offing) wee ſtood alongſt it S. and S. by W. fome 10. leagues. In the after-noone, the winde came contrary : and we came againe to an Anker, within a mile of the ſhoare: for to Sea-boord, was all thicke ice, and vnpaſſable. I went afhoare my felfe, to be reſolued of the tyde, and found whileft I was a ſhoare, that it did flow two foote : and at that time the flood came from the S. W. by W. I doubted it was an halfe tyde; which C after- 18 A Voyage for the diſcouering 48. afterwards I found to be true. I found where the Saluages had beene vpon the Iland; but could ſee little or no drift wood on the ſhoare; no beaſts on the Iland, por fiſhes in the Sea. It flowes on the change day, about a eleuen a clocke. We ſaw ſome fowie on it: of which we killed one, and re- turned aboord. This Iland is very low land ; little higher then a dry fand-banke. It hath Ponds vpon it of freſh water, but no graffe : and is vtterly barren of all goodneſſe. The 18. in the morning, the winde came fomething fauou- rable; and we weyed and came to Sayle: for the Ice was all comne about vs. We endeanoured to proceed to the Weſt- ward; intending to fall with the Weſterne land, about the Latitude 63.00. By twelue a clocke, (hauing beene much peſtered) we were come to a firme range of Ice : but it pleaſed God that the winde larged, and wee ſtowed away S.S. W. At noone in Lat. 62. 00, by 4. in the euening (ha- uing ſcaped dangerous blowes ) wee were come (as wee thought ) into an open Sea ; and ioyfully ſteered away Weſt, and W. by N. although that Ioy was foone quayled. By ten at night, we heard the rut of the Ice : and it grew a thicke fogge, and very darke with it: neuertheleſſe we proceeded, and the neerer we came to it,the more hideous noyfe it made. By three in the morning, the 19. we were come to it, and as it did cleere a little, we could ſee the Ice: which were as thicke rands of Ice, as any we had yet feene. Theſe being vu- paſſable,and moreouer the winde at N.W.we ſtowed alongſt it, hoping to weather it to the Southward: but at laft, webe- came ſo blinded with fogge, and ſo incompaſſed with Ice, that we could goe no further. The 20. in the morning (notwithſtanding the fogge ) we endeauoured to get to the Weſtward; our Ship beating and knocking all this while moſt fearefully. In this wilfulneffe we continued till the 21 : when being faſt amongſt the Ice, I obſerued we were in Lat. 60.33.and then looking what dam age our Ship might haue receiued, we could perceiue that below the plate of Iron, which was be- fore her Cut-water, ſhee was all bruiſed and broken: the two knees 1.9. 30. 21. a Paſage to the South Sea. 27. knees ſhe had before, to ſtrengthen her, ſpoyled and torne: and many other defects, which we could not by any meanes come to mend. Notwithſtanding all this, and the extraordi- nary thicke fogge (that we could not ſee a Piſtoll ſhot about vs ) we proceeded with the hazzard of all. Till the 27: which was the firſt time we had cleere wea- ther to looke aboutvs: The winde withall came vp at South, and the Ice did open ſomething : ſo that we made ſome way thorow it to the Weſtward. In the euening, we were faſt againe, and could goe no further : the winde veering from the South to the Eaſt; and blowing a freſh gale. This occa- fioned our griefes the more; that with a good winde, wee could not goe forward : putting therefore a Hawſer vpon a piece of great Ice, to keepe the Ship cloſe to it, we patiently expected for better fortune. Since we came from Mansfeilds Iland, our depth was commonly 110. and 100. fad. oozye ground. Now the water begins to ſhowlde : for this preſent 27. driuing faſt to and againe in the Ice, we haue but go. fad. ground as before. The 28. and 29. We were ſo faſt incloſed in the Ice, that notwithſtanding, we put abroad all the ſayle that was ar yards; and that it blew a very hard gale of winde; the Ship ſtirred no more then if ſhee had been in a dry Docke. Hereupon we went all boldly out vpon the Ice, to ſport and recreate our felues, letting her ſtand ſtill , vnder all her Sayles. It was flat, extraordinary large Ice : the worſt to deal withall, that we had yer found. I meaſured ſome pieces: which I found to be 1000, of my paces long. This was the firſt day that our men began to murmure : thinking it impoſſible to get either forwards or backe-wards. Some were of the opinion, that it was all ſuch Ice, betwixt vs and the ſhoare. Others, that the Bay was all couered ouer : and that it was a doubt whether we could get any way,or to any land, to winter in. The nights were long; and euery night it did ſo freeze, that we could not ſayle amongſt the Ice by night, nor in the thicke foggie weather. I comforted and incouraged them, the beſt I could: and to put away theſe cogitations, wee dranke a health to his C2 Maieſtie 28. A Voyage for the diſcouering 30. 31. Maieſtie on the Ice; not one man in the Ship; and ſhee ſtill vnder all her fayles. I moſt ingeniouſly confeffe, that all their murmuring was not without reaſon; wherefore doubting that we ſhould be frozen vp in the Sea : I ordered that fire ſhould be made but once a day, and that but with a certaine number of ſhides, that the Steward ſhould deliuer to the Cooke by tale, the better to prolong our fewell whatſoeuer ſhould happen. The 30, we made ſome way thorow the Ice: we healing the Ship with our ſhoulders, and with Mawles and Crowes of Iron, breaking the corners of the Ice, to make way. As we got forwards, the water ſhoulded apace : ſo that I be- lecue it to be fome Iland. At noone we obſerad thorow the fogge, with the Quadrant, vpon a piece of Ice: and were in Lat.58.54. our depth 30. fad. We put our hookes, to try to catch ſome fiſh, but to no purpoſe; for there is not any in this Bay. The 31. We laboured as aforeſaid: and got ſomething for- ward. At noone we were in Lót. 58.40. our depth 2 3. fad. It was very thicke hazye weather, or elſe I thinke we ſhould hane ſeene the land. The firſt of Auguſt, the winde came vp at Weft; which droue vs to the Eaſtward: where our depth increaſed to 35. fad. At noone (by obferuation with the Quadrant, on the Ice ) we were in Lat. 58.45. At fixe a clocke this euening, we might perceiue the Ice to heaue and fet a little: which was occafioned by a ſwelling Sea, that came out of the South- Weſt. This did comfort vs very much: hoping ſhortly we ſhould get out of the Ice. The fecond, it did blow hard at South-Weſ, and yet we could not feele the forementioned ſwelling Sea : which did againe quench the hopes we had formerly conceiued. The third, wee did ſee a little open water to the North- weſtwardzand did fecle a ſwelling Sea from the Weſt: which doth aflure vs, that there is an open Sea to the Weſtward. The fift, we ſaw the Sea cleere : but could by no meanes worke our ſelues to it with our ſayles: wherefore about fixe. Auguft 1. 3. LOT in a Paſſage to the South Sea. 21 6. 9. 10. in the eliening, wee let fall an Anker in 5o, fad. water; and ſtood all with poles and oares to fend off the Ice, and let it paſſe to Leewards. We continued this labour all night lon In the inorning, the winde came vp at North-Weſt, and we wayed with much ioy, as hoping now to get into an open Sea to the Southward. This by noone we had done;and were in Lat. 58.28, very free of Ice. The winde did large vpon vs: ſo that we ſtood away North-Weſt,to get vp as high to the Northward as we could : and ſo to come coaſting to the Southward. We went to prayer and to giue God thanks for our deliuery out of the Ice. The ninth, ( being in Lat. 59.40.) we came againe to the Ice, which lye very thicke to the North : ſince we came out of the Ice, our depth increaſed to 110, and now decreaſeth a- gaine: So that I thinkee we approched towards the ſhoare. The tenth prooued very thicke foggie weather; the winde contrary, and the water howlding apace, we came to an Al- ker in 22. fd. The eleuenth in the morning, we wayed, and made in for the ſhoare; and about noone ſaw the land: our depth being 16. fad. in Lat. 59.40. The land to the North of vs, did trend North by Eaſt, and ſo made a point to the Southward, and trendedaway Weſtby South, which we followed : ma- king it for that place, which was formerly called Hubberts Hope. And ſo it prooued indeed: but it is now hopeleſſe. Two or three words now, concerning the Bay that we haue paſt ouer. It is from Digges Iland, to this Wefter land (in latitude aforeſaid ) about 160. leagues, the courſe Weſt South Weſt, the variation The tydes doe ſet in the middle of the Bay,Eaſt and Weſt, as we haue often tryed by our ledde aground: but neerer the ſhoares, as they are forced by the land; I am of the opinion that in the Ocean, orin large Bayes, the tydes doe naturally fer Eaſt and Weſt, and that this doth giue lictle hope of a paffage. The greateſt depth we had in the Bay, was 110. fad. and ſo fhoalding, as you approch to land, we coaſted round about this forementioned little Bay; which is fome 18. Icagues deepe 11. c3 22 A Voyage for the diſcouering I 2. 13. deepe in 8. and 6. fad. and in the bottome of it, we were in two faddome and a halfe water, and ſaw the firme land, al- moſt round about vs. Then we proceeded to the Southward fixe and feuen faddome water; within fight of the breach of the ſhoare : keeping the lead continually going , and in the night we would come to an Anker. This night being little winde , we came to an Anker with our Kedger : but in way- ing of him, we loſt him, hauing no moreaboord vs. The 12. we were in Lat. 58.46. ſome two leagues from the ſhoare. The variation is about 17. deg. The 13. in the afternoone (it being ſomething hazye) we ſaw ſome breaches ahead vs : our depth was 9. and 10. fad. and luffing to cleere our felues of them, we ſuddenly ſtrooke vpon the Rocks: the Ship then being vnder our two Top- ſayles, Forefayle and Spreetfayle: with a freſh gale of winde. In this fearefull accident, wee ſtrooke all our ſayles amaine; and it did pleaſe God to ſend two or three good ſwelling Seas, which did heaue vs ouer the Rocks, into 3. fad, and pre- ſently into three faddome and a halfe ; where we chopt to an Anker : and fayed the pumps: but we found ſhee made no water, although ſhee had three ſuch terrible blowes, that we thought her Maſt would haue ſhiuered to pieces, and that ſhe had bin affuredly bulged. Wee hoyſt the Boate ouer-boord, and double man'd her : to goe feeke and found a way, out of this perilous place. She was no ſooner gone, but there roſe a fogge; ſo that we were faine to ſpend ſome powder, that thee might hcare whereabouts we were. The winde duld ſomething; otherwiſe, it had beene doubtfull whither ſhee could euer haue recouered to vs againe. After ſhee had beene abſent two houres, ſhe brought vs word, that it was all Rocks and breaches, round about vs: and that withall, ſhee had found a way, where there was not leſſe then two fad. and a halfe: and that afterwards, the water did deepen. We did preſently way, and follow the Boate, and paſt ouer two ledges of Rocks, on which there was ſcarce 14. foot water. . Then it did decpen to 3. 4. and ſo to 14. fad. then it ſhoulded againe to 9. It being now night,we came to an Anker:where we a Paſſage to the South Sea. 23 we ride indifferent well all the night. In the morning, the winde came contrary; ſo that wec could not goe that way we intended to cleere ourſelues: and therefore we went to worke; to fit our holds, to ſplife our Cables; and made rea- dy two ſhot, and ſo placed them in the Hold, that they might vpon all occaſions rumne cleere ; the ends of them being faſt- ned to the maine Maſt. We likewiſe lookt to our Ankers, and fireed our ſpare ones. We got out our long Boate from betwixt the decks; which was very much broken and brui- ſed. The Carpenter went to worke to fit her, ( for I inten- ded to tow the Shallop at Sterne ) and fo to haue the Boats ready at an inſtant, cither to lay out Ankers, or to be feruice- able to what God ſhould be pleaſed to try our faith and pati- ence withall: for in him was our only trust, and our hope vpon his favour, in our honeſt endeauours. At noone, in Lat. 57.45. wee could ſee the land from the-N. W. to the S. E, by E. with Rocks and breaches : and the Rocks that we came ouer, dry aboue water: whereby I knew it flowes heretwo faddomes at leaſt. At noone, I ſent the Boate off to fownd to the Eaſtward : becauſe the water ſhoulded when we came to an Anker. Shec brought vs word, the ſhouldeſt water ſhe had beene in, was 7. fad. We intending thereupon to way, the winde came Eaſterly: ſo that we could not budge: but kay here the 14. all night, with a ſtiffe gale of winde. The 15. in the euening, our Cable galded off: by reaſon of which perilous and ſudden accident, in which wee had not time to put a Buoy to it, we loſt our Anker, and were driuen into 4. fad. water, before we could ſet our fayles. This when we had done,we ſtowed South South-Eaſt, the winde being at Eaſt, but the water ſhoulded to 3. fad. Then wee ſtowed North north-eaſt, and it did deepen by degrees to ten fadd. and becauſe it grew darke, we came to an Anker, and rida good ftreffe all night. In the morning the 16, the winde came vp at North a freſh gale: and we wayed and came to ſayle. By nine a cocke, it grew to be a very ſtorme: and we turned to and againe, in 10. fad. water. In the euening, the winde duld: and wee Itowed 14. 15. 16. 24 A Voyage for the diſcouering 17 18. ſtood South-weſt, to haue a fight of Port Nelſon : which courſe we ſtood all night,by the Starres,being in Lat. 57.25. the variation, about 17. degrees. The 17. in the morning, we ſtood South: and our depth decreaſed by degrees to 8. faddomes. At noone we had good obſeruation: being in Latitude 57.15. and wee make ac- count, that we are ſome 6 or 7. leagues of the Southerne fide of Port Nelſon. Here the colour of the water changed: and was of a puddleliſh and fandy red colour. We ſtood into 6. fad. and could not ſee the land from Top-maft-head: ſo night comming on, and it beginning to blow hard at Eaſt by South, we ſtood off againe into io. and 12, faddomes: where the water was againe of the colour of the Sea. The 18. as the winde and weather fauouredvs, and the ſtorme was broken vp: we ſtood in againe South, and came againe into thicke puddleliſh water: into 8. 7.and 6. fad. and then off againe : for that it grew thicke foggie weather : keeping our lead continually going, night and day. The 19. being fine cleere Sun-fhine weather; we ſtood in againe into the thicke puddleifh water, into 8.fad. where we came to an Anker,to try the tydes: For that from Top-maſt- head, we could not now ſee the land. We were at noone (by good obſeruation) in Latitude 57. 20. and the tyde did ſet N. W.by W. and S. E. by E. It did runne two knols and a halfe in two glaſſes; I refolued, that this was nothing but ſhoalds to the land. In the after-noone it began to ſnuffle and blow; ſo that we had much adoe to get vp our Anker. This being done, we ſtood Eaſt South Eaſt: but the water ſhoal- ded apace. Then we ſtood Eaſt, and it deepened a little : In the euening, the winde came vp at Weſt; and then we ſtood Eaſt South-eaſt, into 10, and 8, and afterwards South-Eaſt, as our depth did guide vs by our lead, and the colour of the water into 7. and 6. faddomes. The 20, at 6. in the morning, we ſaw the land : it being a very low flat land. Wee ſtood into 5. faddomes, to make it the better : and to ſtood alongſt it. At noone wee were in lat. 57.00, Wenamed it Ihe new Principality of South Wales; and 19. 20. & Paſſage to the South Sea. 1.25 and drank a health in the beſt liquor we had to Prince Charles his Highneſſe, whom God preferue. We ſtood alongft it ; and came to a point where it trends to the Southward: neere to which point, there are two ſmall Ilands. In the euening it was calme, and we came to an Anker. The tyde fet as afore- faid. There we rid all that night, and the next day : by rea- fon the winde was contrary. There went a chopping ſhort Sea : and the Ship did labour at it, exceedingly leaping in Spreet-fayle yard, Forecaſtell, and all: for as yet we had not trimmed her well, toride. About nine at night, it was very darke : and it did blow hard. Wee did perceiue by the lead the Ship did driue, wherefore bringing the Cable to Cap- ftang, to heaue in our Cable (for we did thinke we had loſt our Anker ) the Anker hitcht againe, and vpon the chopping of a Sea, threw the men from the Capítang. A ſmall rope in the darke, had gotten foule about the Cable, and about the Maſters legge too : but with helpe of God hee did cleere himſelfe, though not without fore bruiſing. The two Mates werchurt; the one in the head; the other in the arme. One of our luſtieſt men, was ſtrooken on the breſt with a bar, that he lay ſprawling for life: another had his head betwixt the Cable ; and hardly eſcaped. The reſt were flung, where they were fore bruiſed: But our Gunner (an honeſt and a diligent man) had his legge taken betwixt the Cable and the Cap- ſtang: which wrung off his foote,and rare all the fleſh off his legge, and cruſhed the bone to pieces, and ſorely withall brui- ſed all his whole body: in which miſerable manner heere- mained crying till we had recouered our ſelues, our memory and ſtrengths to cleere him. Whileſt we were putting him and the reſt downe to the Chirurgion; the Ship droue into ſhoalde water; which put vs all in feare: we being ſo ſorely weakened by this blow, which had hurt eight of our men. It pleafed God, that the Anker held againe : and ſheerid it out all night. By midnight, the Chirurgion had taken off the Gunners legge at the gartering place; and dreſt the others that were hurt and bruiſed: after which we comforted each other as well as we could. D The 26 A Voyage for the diſcouering 22. 23, 27. The 22. wee weyed; and ſtood a little off into deeper Water ; expecting a better winde. Which in the afternoone fauoured vs. Wee ſtood in againe for the ſhoare,and alongſt it wee proceeded. It is very ſhoald about foure leagues off, and full of breaches. The 23. at noone, we were in latitude 56.28. In the eue- ning, the winde came contráry : and we were faine to turne to and againe. All this moneth, the winde hath beene very variable, and continued not long vpon one point : yer it hap- pened ſo that we can get but little forward. The 26. there fprung vp a fine gale at Weſt, but very thicke Weather: neuertheleffe wee ſtood into 7. and 6. fad. the water very thicke and puddleliſh. At noone, it cleered; and we could ſee that we were imbayed in a little Bay : the land being almoſt round about vs. We ſtood out of it, and fo alongſt it, in ſight ; till the 27. in the morning: when we came to higher land then any we had yet ſeene, ſince we came from Nottingham Iland. We ſtood into it, and came to an Anker in 5. faddome. I ſent off the Boate, well man'd and arm'd; with order in writing what they were to doc: and a charge to returne againe, before Sunne-fet: The evening came, and no newes of our Boate : we ſhot and made falle fires; but had no anſwer : which did much perplex vs,doub_ ting that there had ſome diſtafter befalne her, through care- leſneffe, and in her we ſhould loſe all. Wee aboord, at preſent, were not able to wey our Anker, nor fayle the Ship. At laſt we ſaw a fire vpon the ſhoare; which made vs the more doubtfull, becauſe they did not anſwer our ſhot,nor falſe fires with the like Wee thought withall, that it had beene the Saluages, who did now triumph in their conqueft. Atlength they came, all ſafe and well: and excuſed themſelues, in that vpon their comming aſhoare, it did ebbe ſo fuddenly, that a banke of fand was ſo preſently dry without them, as they could not come away, till that was couered againe : and with that they pacified mee: They reported, that there was great itore of drift wood, on the ſhoare : and a good quantitie growing on the land. That they ſaw the tracks of Deere and Beares : a Paſſage to the South Sea. 27 29. Beares: good ſtore of Fowle; (of which they had killed fome) but no ſigne of people. That they paſt ouer two lit- tle riuers, and came to a third; which they could not paſſe : That it did flow very neere three faddomes, ſometimes; as appeared by the ſhoare. That it was low water at foure a clocke; that the flood came from the North-weſt: and that it flowed halfe tyde; which both they and we had perceiued by the Ship. At low water, we had but three faddome, where we did ride. The winde began to blow hard at Eaſt, where- upon we weyed and ſtood to the Northward till midnight: Ther in againe; and in the morning wee ſaw the land : and then it began to blow hard, and as we ſtood off, it increaſed to a very ſtorme; fo that at length wee could not maintaine a payre of courſes; but tryed vnder our Maine courſe, all day and all night: ſometime turning her head, to the Landward : ſometime to the Offing. The 29. in the morning, we made account we had drouen backe againe, fome 16. or 18. leagues: and in the morning as it clecred) wee fawa Ship to Leeward of vs ſome three or foure leagues : fo wee made fayle and bore vp with her. Shee was then at an Anker in 13. fadd. It was his Majeſties Ship, and Captaine Foxe commanded in her. I ſaluted himn according to the manner of the Sea, and re- ceiued the like of him. So I ſtood in to ſee the land, and thought to tacke about, and keepe weather of him,and to ſend my Boat aboord of him : but the winde ſhifted, ſo that for that time I could not. In the euening, I came to weather of him, and ſent my Boat aboord of him; who preſently weigh- ed, and ſtood off with mee till midnight: and then we ſtood in againe. In the morning Captaine Foxe and his friends came aboord of mee: where I entertained them in the beſt manner I could: and with ſuch freſh meat as I had gotten from the ſhoare; I told him, how I had named the land, The South Principality of Wales. I ſhewed him how farre I had beene to the Eaſt- ward: where I had landed; and in briefe, I made knowne to him, all the dangers of this Coaſt, as farre as I had beene. D 2 He 28 A Voyage for the diſcouering He told mee, how himſelfe had beene in Port Nelſon : and had made but a Curſory diſcouery hitherto: and that he had not beene aland; nor had not many times ſeene the land. In the euening, after I hadgiuen his men fome neceſſaries, with Tobacco and other things which they wanted : hee departed aboord his Ship: and the next morning, ſtood away South South-weſt: ſince which time, I neuer ſaw him. The winde fomething fauouring mee, I ſtood in for the ſhoare; and ſo proceeded alongſt it, in ſight. This moneth of Auguſt ended with Snow and Haile ; the weather being as cold, as at any time I haue felt in England. September 1. We coaſted alongſt the ſhoare in 10. faddomes, and when it cleered; in ſight of land. At length the water ſhoalded to 6.and 5. fadd. andas ir cleered, we ſaw it all breaches to Lee- ward: ſo we hulld off, North North-eaſt,but ſtill raiſed land. By night, we had much adoe to get fafely out of this dange- rous Bay. At midnight, the winde came vp at South; and fo we tooke in our ſayles, and let the Ship drive to the North- ward into deeper water. This day, was the firſt time, the Chirurgion told me that there were diuers of the men tain- ted with fickneſſe. At noone, we were in latitude 55.12. The ſecond, we ſtood in againe for the ſhoare ; but as we came in to ſhoald water,it began to blow : the weather being winterly and foule; threatning a ſtorme: wherein we were not deceiued, forthat in ſtanding off, wee had a violent one. 3: By midnight it broke vp; and the third in the morning, wee ſtood in againe: and by a 11. wee faw it. Here wee found the land to trend South South-eaſt and South: ſo that we knew, we were at a Cape Land: and named it Cape Henrietta Maria : by her Maieſties name ; Who had before named our Ship. At noone, we were in latitude 55.05. and that is the height of the Cape. From Port Nelſon to this Cape the land trends (generally) Eaſt South-eaſt, but makes with points and Bayes : which in the particulars doth alter it a point, two or three. The di- ſtance is about one hundred and thirtie leagues: the variation at this Cape taken by Amplitude is about ſixteene degrees. A Paſſage to the South Sea. 29 3. 4. A moſt ſhoald and perilous coaſt: in which there is not one Harbour to be found. The third day in the afternoone,we had a tearing ſtorme at North; which continued till midnight, in extreme violence. The fourth in the morning (the ſtorme being broke vp) we ſtood in againe, South-Weſt. The weather was very thicke, and we founded continually : but by noone it cleered and we ſaw the land. Here it did trend South by Eaſt, and the tydes did fet alongſt it, with a quicke motion. In the evening, there came a great rowling Sea out of the North North-eaſt, and by eight a clocke, it blew very hard at South-eaſt, and by reaſon of the incounter of the winde and this great Sea: the Sea was all in a breach; and to make vp a perfect tempeft, it did fo lighten, ſnow, raine, and blow, all the night long, that I was neuer in the like: We ſhipt many Seas; but one moft dangerous : which rackt vs fore and aft: that I verily thought it had ſunke the Ship: It ſtrooke her with ſuch a violence. The Ship did labour moſt terribly in this diſtraction of winde and waues: and we had much adoeto keepe all things faſt in the hold, and betwixt decks, The fift in the morning, the winde Shifted South-Weſt, but changed not his condition ; but continued in his old anger and fury. In the afternoone , it ſhifted againe to the North- weſt, and there ſhowed his vttermoſt malice; and in thar tea- ring violence, that nor I, nor any that were then with mee, ener ſaw the Sea in ſuch a breach Our Ship was ſo tormented, and did ſo labour ; with taking it in on both ſides, and at both ends: that we were in a moſt miſerable diſtreſſe, in this ſo vnknowne a place. At eight a clocke in the euening, the ſtorme brake vp: and we had ſome quietneſſe in the night following: not one hauing flept one winke in 30. houres be- fore. If this ſtorme had continued Eaſterly, as it was at firſt, without Gods goodneſſe we had all periſhed. The fixt, the winde was at South-weſt, ſo that we could do no good to the Weſtward. We ſpent the time therefore, in trimming of our Ship: we brought all our coales (which for the molt part was great Coale) aft: as we alſo did ſome other 5. 6. D 3 30 A Voyage for the diſcouering 7 other things; and all to lighten her afore. Others did picke our bread; whereof there was much wet : for doe what we could, we ſhipt abundance of water betwixt decks : which ranne into the hold, and into our bread-roome: for the Sea, indeed, ſo continually ouer-rackt vs, that we were like Ionas in the Whales belly : We ouer-looked our Tacks and Shoots, with other Riggings of ſtreſſe: becauſe that henceforward, we were to looke for no other but Winter weather: This euening our Boate-ſwayne ( a painefull man, and one that had laboured extremely theſe two or three dayes) was very ficke: ſwouning away three or foure times : inſomuch that wee thought verily, he would preſently haue dyed. The ſeuenth in the morning, the winde came vp at South- caſt, and we ſtood away South-weſt, vnder all the ſayle we could make. In this courſe, we ſaw an Iland and came cloſe aboord it: and had twentie fadd.water, which was ſome com- fort to vs : for hitherto, we could not come within foure or fiue leagues of the ſhoare, at that depth. This Iland ſtands in 54.10. The afternoone, weſtood away South-weſt, and in the cuening, had the ſhoalding of the Weſterne ſhoare, in 10. 8. and 7. fadd. but it was ſo thicke, that we could not fee the land. It is about 14. leagues, betwixt this Iland and the Maine. The eight was thicke, foggie, and calme : which fo conti- nued till the ninth about ſixe in the morning. The winde then comming vpat South South-weſt: (though very foggy) we ſtood to the Eaſtward: keeping our lead going continually. In the euening the water ſhoalded to 10. and 9. fadd: where- fore weſtood off and on, all night. The tenth we made it : finding it an Iland, of about 8. or 9. leagues long. It ſtands in latitude 53. 5. and about 15. leagues from the Weſterne ſhoare. The part of it, that we coaſted, trends Weſt North-weſt: I named it my Lord we ſtorss Iland; We ſtood ſtill away to the Eaſtward: it being broken foggie weather. In the afternoone, we diſcryed land to the Eaſtward of ys: which made like three hils, or hum- mockes:Towards them we ſayle; keeping our lead ſtill going: and 8. 10. a Paſage to the South Sea. 31 and very circumfpect. At length wee alſo ſaw land to the Southward of vs: whereupon we loofe vp, and now make for that : by courſe as we had ſet it in the thicke darke fogge. We came in amongſt fuch low broken grounds, breaches, and rockes; that we knew not which way to turne vs : but God be thanked it was but little winde; and ſo we came to an An- ker; Soone after it cleered ; at which time we could ſee no- thing but ſands, rocks, and breaches, round about vs: that way onely excepted, which we came in. I ſent preſently the Boate to found amongſt the ſhoalds and rocks: that if wee ſhould be put to extremitie, we might haue ſome knowledge which way to goe. This night prooued calme and faire wea- ther : and we rid quietly. The cleuenth in the morning, I went in the Boate aſhoare my felfe: and whilſt I was a land , I ſent the Boate about a- mongſt the broken grounds, to ſound. I found this Iland,vt- terly barren of all goodneſſe : yea of that which I thought eafily to haue found: which was Scuruy-graffe, Sorrell, or ſome herbe or other, to halie refreſhed our ficke people. I could not perceiue that the tyde did flow here ( ordinarily) a- boue two foot. There was much drift wood on the ſhore:and fome of it droue vp very high, on the North ſide of the I- land : whereby I iudged that the ſtories were very great at North, in the Winter. Thus I returned aboord; and ſent ma- ny of our ficke men to another part of the Iland, to ſee if they themſelues could fortunately finde any reliefe for their griefes. At noone, by good obferuation, we were in latitude 52.45. In the euening, our men returned comfortleffe : and then we weyed and ſtood to the Weſtward, comming to an Anker vnder another Iland, in 20. faddomes. The twelfth in the morning, it began to blow hard at South-eaſt, which was partly of the ſhoare ; and the Ship be- gan to driue : it being ſoft oozie ground. We heaued in our Anker thereupon, and came to fayle vnder two courſes. Whileft the moſt were buſie in heauing out of Top-ſayles : fome, that ſhould haue had fpeciall care of the Ship ranne her alhoare vpon the rocks : out of meere careleſneffe,in looking 12. out 32 A Voyage for the diſcouering out and about or heaving of the leade, after they had ſeene the land all night long, and mought euen then haue feene it, if they had not beene blinded with ſelfe conceit, and beene enui- oufly oppoſite in opinions. The firſt blow, ſtroke me out of a dead ſleepe, and I running out of my Cabbin; thought no other at firft, but I had beene wakened (when I ſaw our dan- ger) to prouide my felfe for another World. Áfter I had contrould a little paſſion in my felfe, and had checkt ſome bad counſell that was giuen me, to reuenge my feife vpon thoſe that had committed this error: I ordered what ſhould be done to get off theſe Rockes and ſtones. Firſt we halde all olir fayle abacke-flayles; but that did no good, but make her beate the harder. Whereupon we ſtrooke all our fayles amaine ; and furdeld them vp cloſe, rearing downe our fterne, to bring the Cable thorow the Cabbin to Capſtang: and fo laid out an Anker to heaue her afterne. I made all the water in hold to be ſtau'd: and fet fome to the pumpes to pumpe it out, and did intend to doe the like with our Beere; Others I put to throw out all our Coales: which was ſoone and readily done. Wequoyld out our Cables into our long boate; all this while, the ship beating fo fearefully, that we ſaw ſome of the ſheathing ſwim by vs. Then ſtood we, as many as we could, to the Capſtang: and heaued with ſuch a good will, that the Cable brake, and we loft our An- ker. Our, with all ſpeede, therefore, we put another : Wee could not now perceiue whether ſhe did leake or no; and that by reaſon we were imployed in pumping out the water, which we had bulged in hold: though we much doubted, thar The had receiued her deaths wound: wherefore we put into the Boate the Carpenters tooles, a barrell of bread, a barrell of powder, fixe muskets, with ſome match; and a tin- der-boxe, fiſh, hookes and lines, pitch and okum: and to be breefe, what-cuer could be thought on in ſuch an extremity. All this we fent alhoare, to prolong a miſerable life for a few dayes. We were fiue houres thus beating; in which time ſhe ſtrooke 100. blowes : infomuch that we thought cuery ſtroke had bin the laſt that it was poſlible ſhe could haue a Paſſage to the South Sea. 33 baue endured. The water, we could not perceine in all this time, to flowe any thing at all: at length, it pleaſed God, ſhe beat ouer all the Rockes: though yet wee knew not whe- ther the were ſtanch. Whereupon , to pumping we goe on all hands, till we made the pumpes fucke: and then we ſaw how much water ſhe did make in a glaſſe. VVe found her to be very leakie; but wee went to prayer and gaue God thankes it was no worſe: and ſo fitted all things againe, and got further off and came to an Anker. In the Euening, it be- gan to blow very hard at W. S. W. which if it had done whileft we were on the Rockes, we had loſt our Ship with- out any redemption. With much adoe, we wayde our Anker, and let her drive to the Eaſtward amongſt the broken grounds and Rockes: the boate going before , ſounding. At length, we came amongſt breaches; and the boate made fignes to vs that there was no going further. Amongſt the Rockes there- fore we againe came to an Anker, where we did ride all night: and where our men which were tyred our with extreme la- bour, were indifferent well refreſhed. Here I firſt noted, that when the wind was at S. it flowed very little or no wa- ter at all; ſo that we could not bring our Ship aground to looke to her: for we did pumpe almoſt continually. The 13. at noone we wayed, and ſtood to the Weſtward : but in that courſe, it was all broken grounds, ſhoaldes and funken Rockes: ſo that we wondered with our ſelues, how we came in amongſt them in a thicke fogge. Then we ſhapte our courſe to the North-ward : and after ſome conſultation with my aſſociates, I refolued to get about this land, and ſo to goe downe into the bottome of Hudſons Baye; and ſee if I could diſcouer a way into the Riuer of Canada : and if I failed of that, then to winter on the maine Land; where there is more comfort to be expected, then among Rockes or Ilands. We ſtood alongſt the ſhoare, in fight of many breaches. When it was night, we ſtood vnder our fore-fayle; the leade ſtill going. At laſt , the water ſhoalded vpon vs, to 10. fad. and it began to blow hard. We tackte about, and it did deepen to 12 and 14,fad. but by and by it ſhoalded againe E 13 to 34 A Voyage for the diſcouering 34 to 8. fad. Then we tackt about againe; and ſuddenly it ſhoal- ded to 6.and 5. fad. fo wee ſtrooke our fayle amaine, and chopt to an anker : reſoluing to ride it out for life and death. We ridde all night a great ſtreffe; ſo that our bittes did riſe, and we thought they would haue beene torne to pieces, At breake of day the 14. we were ioyfull men: and when we could looke about, we diſcried an Iland ſome 2. leagues off, at W. by N. and this was the ſhoald that lay about it. Here did runne a diſtracted, but yet a very quicke Tyde : of which we taking the opportunity,got vp our Anker, and ſtood N. W. to clecre our ſelues of this ſhoald. In the after- noone, the wind came vp at N. E, and we ſtood alongſt the Eaſterne fhoare in fight of a multitude of breaches. In the Euening, it began to blow a ſtorme not ſayle-worthy; and the ſea went very high, and was all in a breach. Oar ſhallop, which we did now towear fterne, being moord with two hawſers, was funken: and did ſpine by her moorings, with her keele vp, 20. times in an houre. This made our ſhip to hull very broad; ſo that the ſea did continually ouer-rake vs: yet we indured it, and thought to recouer her. All night, the forme continued with violence, and with ſome raine in the morning: it then being very thicke weather. The water thoalded apace; with ſuch an ouer-growne ſea withall, that a ſayle was not to be endured : and what was as ill, there was no truſting to an Anker. Now therefore began we to pre- pare our felues, how to make a good end, of a miſerable tor- mented life. About noone as it cleered vp, we ſaw two Ilands vnder our lee; whereupon webarevp to them: and ſeeing an opening betwixt them, wc indeauoured to get into it before night: for that there was no hope of vs if we continued out at ſea, that night. Therefore come life, come death, we muſt runne this hazzard. We found it to be a good ſound : where we ridde all night ſafely, and recouered our ſtrengths againe, which were much impared with continuall labour. But before we could get into this good place, our ſhallop broke away (being moord with 2. hawſers) and we loſt her to our great griefe : Thus now had we but the Ship boate, and a Paſſage to the South Sea. 19. ard ſhe was all torne and bruiſed too. This Iland was the fame that we had formerly coaſted the Weſter ſide of; and had named my Lord Weſtons Iland. Here we remained till the 19. in which time it did nothing but frow and blow extremely, mſomuch that we durft not put our boate ouer- boord. This 19. The wind ſhifted N.N. E, and we wayde and stood to the Southward: but by noone the wind came vp at S, and ſo we came to an Anker vnder another Iland, on which I went afhoare, and named it The Earle of Briſtols Iland. The Carpenter wrought hard in repairing our boate: whileft I wandered vp and downe on this deſart Iland, I could not perceiue, that euer there had beene any Saluages on it : and in breefe, we could finde neither Fiſh, Fowle, nor Hearbe vpon it;fo that I returned comfortleſſe aboord againe. The tydes doe high about ſome 6. Foot: now that the wind is Northerly. The flood comes from the North: and it doth flow balfe ryde; The full fea this day, was at one a clocke. Here, ſeeing the windes continue fo Northerly, that we could not get about to goe into Hudſons Baye; we conſidered a- gaine what was beſt to dee, to looke out for a wintering place. Some aduiſed me to goe for Port Nelſon : becauſe we were certaine that there was a Coue, where we might bring in our Ship. Ilikte not that counſell; for that it is a moſt pe- rilous place, and that it might be ſo long ere we could get thither, that we might be debard by the Ice. Moreouer, fee- ing it was ſo cold here, as that cuery night our rigging did freeze: and that ſometimes in the Morning, we did ſhouell away'the ſnow halfe a foote thicke off our deckes : and in that Latitude too : I thought it farre worſe in the other place. I reſolued thereupon, to ſtand againe to the Southward, there to looke for ſome little Creeke or Coue for our Ship. The 21. the winde camevp at N. and we wayde: although it was a very thicke fogge, and ſtood away S. W. to cleere our ſelues of the ſhoalds that were on the point of this Iland. This Iland is in Lat. 53, 16. When we were cleere, we ſteerd away S. At noone the fogge turned into raine : but very thicke 21. E 2 36 A Voyage for the diſcouering 22. chicke weather; and it did thunder all the afternoone : which made vs doubt a ſtorme: for all which, wee aduentured to proceed. In the euening, the winde increaſed; and blew hard: wherefore we tooke in all our ſayles, and let her driue to the Southward, heauing the lead euery glaſſe. Our depth,when we tooke in our fayles, was 30. fadd. and it did increaſe to 45. which was a great comfort to vs in the darke: At mid- night, our depth began ſuddenly to decreaſe; and as faſt as the lead could be heaued, it ſhoalded to 20. fadd. wherefore we chopt to an Anker and trimmed our Ship aft, to mount on the Sea, and fitted all things to ride it out. There was no need to bid our men watch ; not one of them put his eyes together all the night long. Werid it out well all the night: although the Sea went very loftie : and that it did blow very hard. The 2 3. in the morning, when we could looke about ys; we ſaw an Iland vnder our Lee fome league off: all being thoalds and breaches, betwixt vs and it. At noone ( with the helpe of the windward tyde) weattempted to haue vp our Anker : although the Sea ſtill went very loftie. Toyning all our ſtrengths therefore, with our beſt skils; God be thanked, we hadit.vp: but before we could ſet our ſayles, wee were driuen into nine fadd. Indeauouring thereupon to double a point, to get ynder the Lee of this Iland; the water ſhoalded to 7.6 and 5. fadd. but when we were about, it did deepen againe and we come to an Anker in a very good place; And it was very good for vs, that we did : for the winde increaſed to a very ſtorme. Here weerid well all the night, tooke good reſt, and recouered our ſpent ſtrengths againe. The laſt night and this morning, it did ſnow and hayle, and was very cold : neuertheleffe I tooke the Boate and went aſhoare to looke for ſome Creeke or Coue to haue in our Ship; for ſhee was very leaky:and the company becoinne fickly and weake, with much pumping and extreme labour. This Iland when wee came to the ſhoare ; it was nothing but ledges of rocks, and bankes of fand : and there went a very great ſurfe on them. Neuertheleſſe I made them rowe thorow it; and aſhoare I got with two more, and made them rowe off without the breaches; a Paff age to the South Sea. 37 breaches; and there to come to an Anker and to ſtay for mee: Imade what ſpeed I could to the top of a hill, to diſcouer a- bout: but couldnor fee what we looked for: Thus becaufe it began to blow hard, I made haſte towards the Boate againe. I found that it had ebbed fo low, that the Boate could not by any meanes come neere the ſhoare for mee: fo that we were faine to wade thorow the ſurfe and breaches to her:in which, ſome tooke ſuch a cold, that they did complaine of it to their dying day. But now it began to blow hard, ſo that we could not get but little to windward toward our Ship: for the wind was ſhifted ſince we went afhoare, & return to the ſhoare, we could not,by reaſon of the ſurfe. Well:we row for life, they in the Ship,let out a Buoy by a long warpe; & by Gods afſiſtance we got to it:and ſo haled vp to the Ship;where we were well welcom'd,& we all reioyc'd together. This was a premonitio to vs; to be carefull how we ſent off the Boate; for that it was winter weather already. I named this Iland, Sir Thomas Roes Iland: It is full of ſmall wood; but in orher benefits not ve- rich : and ſtands in latitude 52, 10. At noone, we weyed: ſeeing an Iland that bare South South-eaſt of vs, fome foure leagues off; which was the higheſt land we had yet feene in this Bay: but as we came neere it, it ſuddenly ſhoalded to 6. 5. and 4. fadd. Wherefore we ſtrooke our fayles amaine,and chopt to an Anker: but it was very foule ground, and when the Ship was winded vp, we had but three fadd, at her Sterne. As it cleered, we could ſee the breaches all alongſt vnder our Lee: holding it ſafe therefore to ſtay long here; we ſettled euery thing in order, for the Ship to fall the right way. We had vp our Anker, got into deeper water; and ſtood ouer a- gaine for Sir Thomas Roes Iland : which by night we brought in the winde of vs ; ſome two leagues off: which did well ſhelter vs. The tydes runne very quicke here amongſt theſe Shoalds; and their times of running ebbe, or flood, be very vncertaine : Their currants, are likewiſe fo diſtracted, that in the night there is no fayling by the Compaffe: wherefore we were faine to ſeeke euery night ſome new place of ſecuritie to come to an Anker. The ry E 3 38 A Voyage for the diſcouering 24. 25. The 24, in the morning, it did lower,and threaten a ſtorme: which made vs with the windward tyde, wey to get neerer vnder the Iland. It was very thicke foggie weather: and as we ſtood to the North-eaſtward, we came to very vncertaine depths : at one caſt, 20. fadd. the next . then 10.5.8.and 3. and comming to the other tacke, we were worſe then we were before, the Currants making a foole of our beſt iudge- ments, in the thicke fogge when we could fee no land-marks. It pleaſed God, that we got cleere of thein : and endeauou- red to get vnder the Lee of the Iland. This being not able to doe, wee were faine to come to an Anker in 35. fadd. fome two leagues off the ſhoare : All this afternoone and indeed all night too ) it did ſnow and hayle: and was very cold. The 25.wee weyed, and thought to get to the Eaſtward : but as wee tackt to and againe , the winde ſhifted ſo in our teeths, that it put vs within a quarter of a mile of the very fhoare: where we chopt to an Anker andrid it out for life and death. Such miſeries as theſe, we indured amongſt theſe fhoalds and broken grounds: or rather more deſperate then I haue related: (very vnpleaſant perchance to be read) with fnow, haile, and ſtormy weather,and colder then euer I felt it in England in my life. Our ſhoote-Anker was downe twice or thrice a day; which extreme paines made a great part of the company fickly. All this laſted with vs, vntill the 30. of this moneth of September: which we thought would haue put an end to our miſeries : for now we were driven amongſt rocks, ſhoalds, ouer-falles, and breaches round about vs; that which way to turne, we knew not; but there ride amongſt them, in extremitie of diſtreſſe. All theſe perils,made a moſt hideous and terrible noyſe, in the night ſeafon : and I hope it will not be accounted ridiculous, if I relate with what medi- tations I was affected, now and then, amongſt my ordinary prayers : which I here affoord the Reader,as I there conceiued them; in theſe few ragged and teared Rimes. Oh, a Paffage to the South Sea. 39 OH, my poorefoule, why doeft thou gricue to ſee So many Deaths muſter to murther mee? Looke to thy ſelfe, regard not mce; for I Muſt doe (for what I came ) performe, or die. So thou mayſt free thy ſelfe from being in A dung-hill dungeon; Ameere finke of finne, And happily be free'd, if thoubeleene, Truly in God through Chriſt, and euer liue. Be therefore glad yet : ere thou goe from hence, For our ioynt finnes, let's doe ſome penitence, Vnfainedly together. When we part, Ile wiſh the Angels Ioy, with all my heart. . We haue with confidence relyde vpon A ruſtie wyre, toucht with a little Stone, Incompaſt round with paper, and alafle To houſe it harmeleſſe, nothing but a glaſſe, And thought to ſhun a thouſand dangers, by The blind direction of this ſenſeleſſe flye. When the fierce winds ſhatter'd blacke nights afunder, Whoſe pitchie clouds, ſpitting forth fire and thunder, Hath ſhooke the earth, and made the Ocean roare; And runne to hide it, in the broken ſhoare : Now thou muſt Steere by faith; a better guide, *Twill bring thee fafe to heauen againſt the tyde Of Satans malice. Now let quiet gales Of fauing grace, inſpire thy zealous ſayles. Lil The 40 A Voyage for the diſcouering O&tober I. The firſt of O&tober was indifferent faire weather; and with a windward tyde, out went our Boate, to ſound a chan- nell to help vs out of this perilous place. The Boat, within two houres ſhee returned: and told vs, how ſhee had beene away where there was not leſſe then 12. fadd. We preſently, there- upon weyed; but found it otherwiſe : and came amongſt many ſtrange races, and ouer-falles, vpon which there went a very great and breaking Sea: As we proceeded, the water Thoalded to 6. fadd. Well ! there was no remedy, we muſt goe forward : happy be luckie; ſeeing there neither was any riding; and as little hope to turne any way with a fayle, but that there appeared preſent death in it . It pleaſed Godſo to direct vs,that we got thorow it: hauing no leſſe then fiue fe- tierall , and all very vncertaine depths. The water, ſometimes deepened to 20. fadd. then vpon a ſudden, it ſhoalded to 7.6. and 5. faddomes: ſo we ſtrooke all our fayles amaine, and chopt to an Anker, where weerid till midnight, for life and .death: it blowing a mercileſſe gale of winde, and the Sea go- ing very loftie, and all in a breach. The ground was foule ground too, inſomuch that wee doubted our Cable, euery minute. The ſecond in the morning was little winde : wherefore taking the opportunitie of the tyde, the Boate went forth to found: which returning againe in two houres, told vs how they had founded about that ſhoald, and had found a place of ſome faferie to ride in; and had beene in no leſſe water then fiue faddome. Weweyed; and found our Cable galled in two places : which had foone failed vs, if the foule weather had continued. We ſtood the ſame way, that the Boat did direct vs: but it prooued ſo calme, that wee came to an Anker in 18. faddome. Itookethe Boate, and went afhoare on an I- land, that was to the Southward of vs : which I named, The Earle of Danbyes Iland: From the higheſt place in it, I could ſee it all broken grounds and ſhoalds, to the Southward : and rather worſe, then any thing better, then that which we had beene in. I found that the Saluages had beene vpon it: and that it was full of wood. I made hafte to the Boate to found the 2. a Paſage to the South Sea. 30 the Baye for feare of ſhoalds and ſunken Rockes: but found it indifferent good. Toward the Euening, it began to blow hard: wherefore we made towards the Ship. She put forth a Buoy and a warpe; and we rowing for life to recouer her, were put to Lee-ward of her: but by getting hold of the warpe,we halde vp to her. The boate we'left halfe full of wa- tér: our ſelues being as wet as drown'd rats; and it made vs the more reioyce, that we had eſcape this great danger. All night, we had a very hard rode-ſteede; it blowing a moſt violent gale of wind, with ſnow and haile. The third about noone, the wind duld, and we had vp our Anker, ſtanding in further into the Baye into foure fad. and a halfe water. Here we came againe to an Anker, with our ſecond Anker: for many of our men are now ficke; and the reſt ſo weakened, that we can hardly way our ſhoote- Anchor; I tooke the Boate, and went preſently alhoare to ſee what comfort I could find; This was the firſt time, that I put foote on this Iland; which was the ſame that we did after winter vpon. I found the tracks of Deere, and ſaw ſome Fowle: but that that did reioyce me moſt, was, that I did ſee an opening into the Land, as if it had beene a riuer. To it we make with all ſpeede, but found it tobe barr'd; and not 2.foote water ar full fea on the Barre : and yet within, a moſt excellent fine Harbour, hauing 4. fad. water. In the Euening I return'd aboord, bringing little comfort for our ficke men, more then hopes. The 4. it did ſnow and blow very hard; yet I got aſhoare, and appointed the boate to goe to another place, (which made like a Riuer) and to found it. In the meane time, I went with foure more, fome 4. or 5. miles vp into the Countrey; but could find no releefe all that way for our ficke, buta few Ber- ries onely. After we had well wearied our ſelues in the trou- bleſome woods, wee return'd to the place I had appointed the boate to tarry for me: where at my comming I ſtill found her, ſhe hauing not beene where I had ordered her, for it had blowne ſuch a fierce gale of wind, that ſhe could not row to wind-ward. Thus we return'd aboord, with no good newes. F It 42 A Voyage for the diſcouering 7 It continued foule weather, with fnow and haile, and extreme cold; till the 6. when with a favouring winde, we ſtood in neerer to the ſhoare, and here moord the ſhip. The 7. it ſnow'd all day; ſo that we were faine to cleare it of the Decks with ſhouels; and it blew a very ſtorme with all. It continued ſnowing and very cold weather, and it did ſo freeze,that all the bowes of the Ship, with her beake-head, was all Ice: about the Cable alſo, was Ice as bigge as a mans middle. The bowes of the boate were likewiſe frozen halfea foote thicke, ſo that we were faine to hew and beate it off. The Sunne did ſhine very cleere ; and we tore the top-ſayles out of the tops, which were hard frozen in them, into a lumpe: ſo that there they hung a Sunning all day, in a very lumpe; the Sunne not hauing power to thawe one drop of them. After the Boate was fitted, we rowed towards the fhoare: but could not come necre the place where we were vſed to land, for that it was all thickned water with the ſnow, that had fallen vpon the fands, that are dry at low water. This made it fo difficult to row, that we could not ſet through it with 4. oares: yet ſomething higher to the Weſt-ward, we got afhoare. Seeing now the winter to come thus extremely on vpon vs, and that we had very lit- tle wood aboord; I made them fill the boate, and went a- boord and fent the Carpenter and others to cut wood; others to carry it to the water fide: whileft the boate brought it aboord, for I doubted that we were likely to be debar'd the fhoare, and that we ſhould not goe to and againe with the boate. It was miſerable and cold already aboord the Ship: euery thing did freeze in the Hold, and by the fire fide : See- ing therefore that we could no longer make vſe of our fayles (which be the wings of a Ship) it raiſed a many of doubts in our mindes, that here we muſt ſtay and winter. After we had brought ſo much wood aboord, as we could conue- niently ftowe, and enough as I thought would haue laſted 3. or 3. moneths: The ficke men deſired that ſome little houſe or houell might be built a ſhoare, whereby they might be the better ſheltered, and recouer their healths. I tooke the a Paſſage to the South Sea. 43 12. the Carpenter (and others whom I thought fit for ſuch a pur- poſe) and chooſing out a place, they went immediately to worke vpon it. In the meane ſpace, I my felfe accompanied with ſome others, wandered vp and downe in the Woods, to ſee if we could diſcover any ſignes of Salvages, that ſo we might the better prouide for our ſafeties, againſt them. We found no appearance that there was any on this Iland; nor neere vnto it: The ſnow by this time was halfe legge high ; and ſtalking through it, we returned comfortleſfe to our Companions: who had all this time wrought well vp- on our houfe. They aboord the Ship, tooke downe our top- ſayles in the meane while, and made a great fire vpon thc hearth in the hatch way; ſo that hauing well thaw'd them, they folded them vp, and put them betwixt deckes, that if we had any weather, they might bring them againe to yard: Thus in the Euening we returned aboord. The 12, we tooke our maine fayle from the yard which was hard frozen to it: and carryedit aſhoare , to couer our houſe withall : being firſt faine to thawe it by a great fire; By night they had couered it; and had almoſt hedged it a- bout: and the fixe builders did deſire to lye in it afhoare that night, which I condiſcended vnto: hauing firſt fitted them with Muskets and other furniture; and a charge to keepe good watch all night. Morcouer they had a ſhoare 2. Grey- hounds (a dogge and a bitch) which I had brought out of England, to kill vs ſome Deere, if happily we could finde any. By the 13. at night, our houſe was ready; and our fixe builders deſired they might trauell vp into the Country to ſee what they could diſcouer. The 14. betimes in the morning, being fitted with muni- tion, and their order to keepe together(but eſpecially to ſeeke out ſome Creeke or Cove for our Ship) they departed. We aboord, tooke downe our two top-mafts and their rigging: making account if we did remooue, to make vſe of our fore- fayle and mizzen. The 15. in the Euening our hunters returned very weary F2 and 13 14. IS A Voyage for the diſcouering 17 and brought with them a ſmall , leane Deere, in 4 quarters : which reioyced vs all, hoping we ſhould haue had more of them, to refreſh our ficke men withall. They reported, that they had wandered aboue 20. miles, and had brought this Deere aboue 1.2. mile: and that they had ſeene 9.or 10. more: The laft night, they had a very cold lodging in the woods and ſo it appeard, for they lookt all almoſt ſtarued, nor could they recouer themſelues in 3. or 4. dayes after. They ſaw no figne of Salvages, nor of any rauening wild beaſts, nor yer a- ny hope of harbour. The 17. my Lieutenant and s. more, deſired they might try their fortunes in trauelling about the Iland. But they had farre worſe luckethen the others, although they endured out all night, and had wandered very farre in the ſnow (which was now very deepe) and returned comfortleffe and miſera- bly diſabled with the coldneffe. But what was worſe then all this, they had loſt one of their company, Iohn Barton, name- ly our Gunners mate; who being very weary, meerly to faue the going about, had attempted to goc ouer a pond that was a quarter of a mile over ; where when he was in the very middeſt, the Ice brake and cloſed vpon him, and we neuer ſaw him more. Conſidering theſe diſaſters, I refolued to fiſh no more with a golden hooke: for feare, I weakned my felfe more with one hunting, then 20. ſuch deare Decres could doe me good. Being now affured, that there was no Salvages vpon the Iland, nor yet about vs on the other Ilands: no nor on the maine neither, as farre as we could diſcouer, (which we further proued by making of fires) and that the cold ſeaſon was now in that extremity, that they could not come to vs, if there were any: we comforted and refreſhed our felues, by fleeping the more fecurely. We changed our Iland garriſon, cuery weeke; and for other refreſhing we were like to haue none till the Spring. From this 10, to the 29. it did (by interims) ſnow and blow ſo hard, that the boate could hardly aduenture aſhoare, and but ſeldome land, vnlefſe the men did wade in the thicke congealed water, carrying one another. We did ſenſibly per- ceiue a Paſſage to the South Sea. 29. ceiue withall, how wee did daily finke into more miſeries. The land was all deepe couered with ſnow; the cold did multiply; and the thicke ſnow water did increaſe: and what would become of vs, our moſt mercifull God and preſeruer knew onely. The 29. Í obferued an Eclipſe of the Moone,with what care poſſibly I cotild both in the tryall of the exactneſſe of our inftruments, as alſo in the obſeruation: I referre you to the obferuation in the latter end of this Relation : where it is at large deſcribed. This moneth of O&tober ended with ſnow and bitter cold weather. The firſt of November I caſt vp accounts with the Stew- November I. ard concerning our victuall: the third part of our time being this day out. I found him an honeſt man: for he gaue me an account cuery weeke what was ſpent; and what was ſtill in the hold remaining vnder his hand: I would take no ex- cufe of leakage or other waſte; vnleſſe he did daily ſhow it me. Euery month, I made a new furuey; and euery fixe moneths, put what we had ſpared, by it felfe : which now was at leaſt a moneths prouiſion of Bread; and a fortnights of Peaſe and Fiſh, &c. The 3. day the boate indeauoured to get aſhoare;but could not ſet thorow the thicke congealed water. The 4. they found a place to get afhoare; and ſo once in 2,or 3. dayes, till the g. bringing Beere to our men afhoare in a barrell, which would freeze firmely in the houſe in one night. Other prouiſion they had ſtore. The Ice Beere being thaw'd in a kettell, was not good: and they did breake the Ice of the pondes of water, to come by water to drinke. This pond-water had a moft lothſome ſmell with it: ſo that doubting left it might be infectious, I cauſed a Well to be ſunke neere the houſe. There we had very good water:which did taſte (as we flattered' our felues with it ) euen like milke. The 10. (hauing ſtore of boordes for ſuch a purpoſe) I put the Carpenter to workc, to make vs a little boate which we might carry (if occaſion were) ouer the Ice and make vſe of her, 3. 10, F3 46 A Voyage for the diſcouering 12. 'her, where there was water. At noone I tooke the Latitude of this Iland, by 2. Quadrants : which I found to be 5 2. 00. Ivrged the men to make traps to catch Foxes: for we did daily fee many. Some of them were pied, blacke and white : whereby I gathered that there was fome blacke Foxes; whoſe skinnes, I told them, were of a great value: and I promiſed, that whoſoeuer could take one of them, fhould baue the skinne for his reward: Hereupon, they made diuers traps: and waded in the ſnow (which was very deepe) to place them in the woods. The 12. our houſe tooke a fire, but we foone quenched it: We were faine to keepe an extraordinary fire, night and day: and this accident; made me order a watch to looke to it continually: ſeeing, that if our houſe and clothing ſhould be burnt, that all we were but in a woefull condition. I lay aſhoare, till the 17. all which time, our miſeries did increaſe. It did ſnow and freeze moſt extremely. At which time, we looking from the ſhoare towards the Ship, ſhe did looke like a picce of Ice, in the faſhion of a Ship: or a Ship re- ſembling a piece of Ice. The ſnow was all frozen about her; and all her fore-part firme Ice : and ſo was ſhe on both ſides alſo. Our Cables froze in the hawſe, wonderfull to behold. I got me aboord: where the long nights I ſpent, with tor- menting cogitations : and in the day time, I could not fee any hope of fauing the ship. This I was aſſured of, that it was moſt impoſſible to endure theſe extremities long. Eue- ry day the inen muſt beate the Ice off the Cables : - while fome within boord; with the Carpenters long Calking Iron, did digge the Ice out of the hawles: in which worke, the water would freeze on their clothes and hands, and would ſo benumme them, that they could hardly get into the Ship, without being heau'd in with a rope. The 19. our Gunner( who as you may remember, had his legge cut off) did languiſh vnrecouerably : and now grew very weake: deſiring, thar for the little time he had to liue, hee might drinke Sacke altogether, which I ordered hee ſhould doe. The 19. a Paſſage to the South Sea. 47 32. 33. The 22. in the morning he dyed. An honeſt and a ſtrong- hearted man. Hee had a cloſe-boorded Cabbin in the Gun- roome; which was very cloſe indeed: and as many clothes on him, as was conuenient (for we wanted no clothes:) and a panne with coales, a fire continually in his Cabbin. For all which warmth, his playſter would freeze at his wound, and his bottle of Sacke at his head. We committed him at a good diſtance from the Ship vnto the Sea. The three and twentieth, the Ice did increaſe extraordina- rily: and the ſnow lay on the water in flakes, as it did fall, much Ice withall droue by vs : yet nothing hard all this while. In the euening after the watch was ſet, a great piece came athwart our hawſe; and foure more followed after him: the leaſt of them a quarter of a mile broad: which in the darke did very much aſtoniſh vs, thinking it would haue car- ried vs out of the Harbour, vpon the ſhoalds Eaſter point, which was full of rocks. It was newly congealed, a matter of two inches thicke; and wee broke thorow it, the Cable and Anker induring an incredible ſtreſſe, ſometimes ſtopping the whole Ice. We ſhot off three Muskets,fignifying to our men aſhoare, that we were in diſtreſſe: who anſwered vsa- gaine, but could not helpe vs. By ten a clocke, it was all paſt; neuertheleſſe wee watched carefully: and the weather was warmer then wee had felt it any time this moneth. In the morning at breake of day, I ſent for our men aboord, who made vp the houſe, and arriued by 10. being driuen by the way, to wade thorow the congealed water; ſo that they re- couered to the Boate, with difficultie. There droue by the Ship many pieces of Ice, though not fo large as the former, yet much thicker : One piece came foule of the Cable, and made the Ship driue. As ſoone as we were cleere of it, weioyned our ftrengths together, and had vp our Eaſtermoft Anker : and now I re- folued to bring the Ship aground : for no Cables nor Ankers could hold her : But I will here ſhow you the reaſons, why I brough her no ſooner aground. Firſt, it was all ſtony ground: ſome ftones lying dry, three or foure foot aboue water: fo that 48 A Voyage for the diſcouering that it was to be ſuſpected, that it was the like all about ys. Secondly, it did ordinarily flow but two foot and a halfe here; and if ſhee ſhould bed deepe in the ſands, we could not euer come to digge her out againe: for that ſhee would not be dry, by foure or fiue foot. Thirdly, it was a looſe fand which might riſe with the ſurfe,or ſo mount about her; that all our weake powers could not heaue it away in the next ſpring time. Fourthly, we doubted the tydes would not high ſo much in the ſummer, as they did now. Fifthly, we could not bring her out of the tydes way; which doth runne fome- thing quicke here: and the Ice,beſides, might driue and mount vp vpon her, and ſo ouerſet her, or teare her, and carry away her plankes, iron works and all : ſo that we ſhould haue no. thing left to finiſh our Pinnafle with, Sixtly,if it did blow a ſtorme at North-weſt,or thereabouts; the water would flow ten foot, and vpwards: and that windebeing of the ſhoare, it would blow away all the Ice, and there would come in an extraordinary great ſurfe about the ſhoald Efter-point;which was occaſioned by a deepe ouerfall. Moreouer, ſhee would beate extremely : and if ſhee were put vp by the Sea or that ſurfe, it was very doubtfall that we ſhould neuer haue her off againe. For theſe reaſons we endured all the extremitie : ftill hoping vpon ſome good and fortunate accident. But now all our prouident deſignes we ſaw to become fooliſhneſſe; and that a great deale of miſerable labour had beene ſpent in vaine by vs. With the flood wee weyed our Weſtermoſt Anker, perceiuing Gods aſſiſtance manifeſtly: becauſe it happened to be fine warme weather, otherwiſe we had not beene able to worke. The winde wasnow South: which blew in vpon the ſhoare ;and made the loweſt rydes. We brought the Ship into 12.foot water : and layd our one Anker in the Offing, and another in ſhoald water, to draw her aland at command. Our hope alſo was, that ſome ſtones that were to the Weſtward of vs, would fend off ſome of the Ice. We then being about a mile froin the ſhoare, about ten a clocke in the darke night, the Ice came driuing vpon vs;and our Ankers came home. She droue fome two Cables length: and the winde blowing on the a Paſſage to the South Ses. 49 25. the ſhoare, by two a clock ſhe came aground; and ſtopt much Icc: yet ſhee lay well all night and we tooke ſome reſt. The fiue and twentieth, the winde ſhifted Eaſterly : and put abundance of Ice on vs. When the flood was made, we incouraged one another, and to worke we goe: drawing home our Ankers by maine force, vnder great pieces of Ice, our endeuour being to put the Ship to the ſhoare. But to our great diſcomforts, when the halfe tyde was made; (which was two houres before high water) the Ship droue amongſt the Ice to the Eaſtward (doe what we could) and ſo would haue on the ſhoald Rockes. As I haueformerly faid, theſe two dayes and this day, was very warme weather: and it did raine, which it had not yet but once done, ſince wee came hither : otherwiſe, it had beene impoſſible we could haue wrought. Withall, the wind ſhifted alſo to the South : and at the very inſtant, blew a hard puffe: which ſo continued for halfe an houre. I cauſed our two Top-failes to be had VP frombetwixt deckes, and wee hoyſt them vp with ropes in all hafte, and we forft the Ship aſhoare, when ſhe had not halfe a Cables length to driue on the Rocky ſhoalds. In the Euening wee broke way thorow the Ice, and put an An- ker toſhoareward in fiue foot water: to keepe her to the ſhoare, if poſſible it might be. Here Sir Hugh Willoughby came into my mind, who without doubt was driuen out of his Harbour in this manner, and ſo ftarued at ſea. Bur God was more mercifullto vs. About ninca cocke at night, the winde came vp at North-Weſt; and blew a very ſtorme. This winde was of the ſhoarė: which blew away all the Ice from about vs, long before we were afloat. There canc in a great rowling Sea withall, about the point; accompanied with a great ſurfe on the ſhoare. And now were we left to the mercy of the Sea, on the ground. By tenne, he began to rowle in her docke : and ſoone after, began to bcate againſt the ground. We ftood at the Capſtang, as many as could: others at the Pumpes : for we thought that euery fift or fixe blow would haue ftaued her to pieces. We heaued to the vttermoſt of our ſtrengths, to keepe her as neere the ground as so A Voyage for the diſcouering 26. as we could. By reaſon of this wind, it flowed very much water : and we drew her vp fo high, that it was doubtfull , if euer we ſhould get her off againe. She continued thus bea- ting, tilltwo a clocke the next Morning, and then ſhe againe ſettled. Whereupon wee went to ſleepe, to reſtore na- ture: feeing the next tydc we expected to be againe tor- mented. The fixe and twentieth, in the morning tyde, our Ship did not floate; whereby we had ſome quietneſſe. After prayers, I cald a conſultation of the Maſter, my Lieutenant, the Mates, Carpenter, and Boate-ſwayne; to whom I propo- fed, that now we were put to our laſt ſhifts; and therefore they ſhould tell me what they thought of it : Namely, whe- ther it were not beſt, to carry all our prouiſion afhoare: and that when the winde ſhould come northerly, it were not ſa- feft to draw her further off, and ſinke her. After many rea- ſonings they allowedof my purpoſe and fo I communica- ted it to the Company, who all willingly agreed to it. And fo we fell to getting vpof our prouiſions : firſt our bread, of which we landed this day two Dryfats with a Hogſhead of Beefe : hauing much adoe to ſer the Boate thorow the thicke congcaled water. In the Euening, the winde came vp at North-Eaſt, and Eaſt : and fild the Bay choakefull of Ice. Thetwenty ſeuenth, the Bay continued full of Ice, which I hoped would ſo continue and freeze, that we ſhould not be put to finke our Ship. This day we could land nothing. The rwenty eighth, at brcake of day, three of our men went afhoare ouer the Ice, vnknowne to mee: and the winde comming vpar Weſt, droue the Ice from betwixt vs and the ſhoare, and moſt part out of the Bay alſo : And yet notfo, that the Boate could goe aſhoare for any thing. I made the Carpenter fit a place againſt all ſudden extremi- ties : for that with the firſt North-Weſt, or northerly wind, Imeant to effet our laſt proiect. In the runne of her, on the ftarboord ſide; he cut away the ſealing and the planke to the ſheathing, ſome foure or fiue inches (quare; ſome foure foote 27. 28. a Paſſage to the South Sla. SI 29. foote high from the keele of her, that fo it might be boared out, at an inſtant. We brought our bread which was re- mayning in the Bread-roome, vp into the great Cabbin; and likewiſe all our powder ; ſetting much of our light dry things betwixt deckes. The nine and twentieth at fiue a Clocke in the Morning, the winde came vp at Weſt North-Weſt, and began to blow very hard. It was ordinary for the wind to ſhift from the Weft by the North, round about. So firſt I orderd the Cooper to goe downe in hold, and looke to all our Caske: thoſe that were full , to mawle in thebungs of them: thoſe that were empty, to get vp, or if they could not be gotten VP, to ſtaue them. Then to quoile all our Cables vpon our lower tyre: and to lay on our ſpare Ankers, and any thing that was weighty, to keepe it downe from riſing. By ſeuen a Clocke, it blew a ſtorme at North-Weſt, our bitter ene- my. The Ship was already bedded ſome two foote in the ſand, and whilſt that was a flowing, ſhee muſt beate. This I before had in my conſideration : for I thought ſhe was ſo farre driuen vp, that we ſhould never get her off. Yet we had bin ſo ferrited by her laſt beating that I refolued to finke her right downe, rather then runne thar hazzard. By nine a cloke, ſhe began to rowle in her docke, with a moſt extra- ordinary great Sea that was come; which I found to be occa- fioned by the formentioned ouerfall. And this was the fatall houre, that put vs to our wits end. Wherefore I went downe in hold with the Carpenter, and tooke his auger and board a hole in the Ship, and let in the water. Thus with all ſpeed, we began to cut out other places, to boare thorow, but euery place was full of nailes. By tenne, notwithſtan- ding, the lower tyre was couered with water, for all which, fhebegan fo to beate in her docke, more and more: that we could not worke, nor ſtand to doe any thing in her. Nor would ſhe finke ſo faſt as we would haue her: but continued beating double blowes; firſt abaft, and then before, that it was wonderfull, how ſhe could indurea quarter of an houre with it. By twelue a clocke, her lower Tyre roſe: and that did bro G2 52 A Voyage for the diſcouering Thus did fo counter-beate on the inſide that it beat the bulke heads of the Bread-roome, powder-roome, and fore piece, all to pieces: and when it came betwixt deckes, the cheſts filed wildly about: and the water did flaſh and Alie wonderfully : ſo that now we expected euery minute, when the Ship would open and breake to pieces. At onc a clocke ſhee beat off her Rudder : and that was gone, we knew not which way. ſhee continued bearing, till three a clocke: and then the Sea came vp on the vpper decke: and ſoone after, ſheebegan to ſettle. In her, wee were faine to finke the moſt part of our bedding and clothes : and the Chirurgions Cheſt with the reft. Our men that were aſhoare, ſtood looking vpou vs : al- inoſt dead with cold and forrowes to ſee our miſery and their owne. We lookt vpon them againe : and both vpon each o- ther with woefull hearts, Darke night drew on; and I bade the Boate to be haled vp; and commanded my louing com- panions to goe all into her: who ( in ſome refuſing comple- ments) expreſſed their faithfull affections to mee; as loth to part from me. I told them, that my meaning was to goca- ſhoare with them. And thus, laſtly, I forſooke the Ship. We were feuenteene poore foules, now in the Boate : and we now imagined that we were leapt out of the Frying pan into the fire : The ebbe was made ; and the water extraordinary thicke congealed, with ſnow: ſo that we thought aſſuredly, it would carry vs away into the Sea. We thereupon double- mand foure oares : appointing foure more to fit ready with oares : and ſo with the helpe of God we got to the ſhoare; haling vp the Boate after vs. One thing was moſt ſtrange, in this thicke water : namely, That there went a great ſwelling Sea. Being arriued vpon the land, wegreeted our fellowes the beſt we could: at which time they could not know vs, nor wc them by our habits nor voyces : fo frozen all ouer wee were, faces, haire, and apparell . And here I meane to take breath awhile, after all this long and vnpleaſant Relation of our miſerable endeauours: Crauing leaue firſt of all to ſpeake a word or two in generall . The winds, ſince we came hither, haue beene very variable bib and & Paff age to the South Sea. 53 and vnconſtant : and till within this fortnight, the Southerly winde was the coldeſt. The reaſon I conceiue to be, for that it did blow from the Maine land; which was all couered with ſnow : and for that the North winds came out of the great Bay which hitherto was open. Adde to that ; we were now vnder a South Banke which did ſhelter vs : ſo that we were not ſo ſenſible of it. A North-wcít, a North-weſt by North, and a North- North-weſt winde (if it blew a ſtorme) would raiſe the Tydes extraordinarily: and in briefe, from the Weſt North- weſt, to the North North-eaſt; would raiſe the tydes in pro- portion, as they did blow from the middle point : The wind being on the oppoſite points ( if it blew) it would flow ve- ry little at all. The harder it blew, the leſſe water it would flow. If it were little winde, or calme; it would low indif. ferently. The tydes doe high ordinarily (without being for- ced) about three foot: but being forced with the foremen- tioned winds; vpward of ten foot. I could perceiue no dif- ference betwixt Neape and ſpring tydes : It flowes halfe tyde: that is; the flood comes from the Northward: and thither returnes againe, two houres before it be high water: and it is commonly fo feene, in moſt Bayer or Inlets. elmondo Segalodono da bist od volboa bluso adessorge 19 Mbrom Show badmoovige bors Borby Tort is bind th The G 3 25 ) low corti bonsabiq oland blow OD 54 The V Vintering. Fter we had haled vp the Boate, we went alongſt the breach fide in the darke, towards our houſe, where we made a good fire, and with it, and bread and water, wee thawde and comforted our ſelues, beginning after that to reaſon one with another, con cerning our Ship.I requir'd that euery one ſhould ſpeak his mind freely. The Carpenter,(eſpecially) was of the opinion, that ſhe was founderd; and would neuer be ſeruiceable again. He alledged, that ſhe had ſo beaten, that it was not poffible , but that all her loints were looſe, and (cames open: and that by reaſon it flowed ſo little wa- ter, and no Creeke nor Coue being neere, wherein to bring her aground, he could not deuiſe how he might come to mend it. Moreouer, her Rudder was loſt, and he had no Iron- worke to hang on another. Somcalledged, that we had hea- ued her vp fo high vpon the ſands, that they thought we ſhould neuer hauc her off againc: and that they were aſſured ſhe was already dockt three foore. Others, that ſhe lay in the Tydes way; and that the Ice might teare her to pieces off the ground: beſides which, two of our Ankers we could not now get from vnder the Ice : which when the Ice brake (which would be of a great thickeneffe by the Spring) would breake our Ankers to pieces, and then we ſhould haue no The Wintering 55 no Ankers to bring vs home withall:ſuppoſed we got off the ſhip,& that ſhe proued ſound alſo. I comforted them the beſt I could with ſuch like words: My Maſters and faithful Companions : be not diſmaide for any of theſe diſaſters, but let vs put our whole truſt in God. It is he that giueth, and he that taketh away: hethrowes downe with one hand, and raiſeth vp with another. His will be done. If it be our fortunes to end our dayes here, we are as neere heauen, as in England ; and we are much bound to God Almighty for gi- uing vs ſo large a time of repentance, who as it were dayly calls vponvs, to prepare our folues for a better life in heauen. I make no doubr, but he willbe mercifull to vs, both here on earth, and in his bleſſed Kingdome: he doth not in the meane time deny, but that we may vſe all honeſt mcanes to fauc and prolong our naturall lives withall: and in my Iudge- ment, we are not yet ſo farre paſt hope of returning into our natiue Countries, but that I ſee a faire way by which wee may effect it. Admit the Ship be foundered (which God for- bid, I hope the beſt) yet haue thoſe our owne nation, and when they haue beene put to theſe extremities, euen out of the wracke of their loft Ship, built then a Pinnaſſe, and recouered to their friends againe. If it be obiected, that they haue happened into berter Climats, both for temperatc- neffe of theayre, and for pacificke and open Seas: and pro- vided withall, of abundance of freſh victuall: yer there is nothing too hard for couragious minds : which hitherto you haue ſhowne, and I'doubt not will ſtill doe, to the vtter- moſt. They all proteſted to worke to the vttermoſt of their ſtrength, and that they would refuſe nothing that I ſhould order them to doc, to the vttermoft hazzard of their liues. I thanke them all: and to the Carpenter for his cheerefull vn- dertaking, I promiſed to give him ſo much plate preſently, as ſhould be worth ten pound ſterling : and if ſobe I went to England in the Pinnalle, I would give her him freely, and fifty pounds in mony ouer and aboue, and would moreouer gratifie all them, that I ſhould ſee painefull and induſtrious. Thus others, S6 The Wintering 30. Thus we then refolued, to build vs a new Pinnaſſe, with the timber we ſhould get vpon the Iland: that ſo in the ſpring, if we found not the Ship feruiceable; wee might teare her vp, and planke her with the Ships planks. And ſo for this night we ſettled our felues cloſe about the fire : and tooke ſome reſt till day-light. The thirtieth betimes in the morning, I cauſed the Chirur- gion to cut the haire of my head ſhort , and to ſhaue away all the haire of my face: for that it was become intolerable; and that it would be frozen ſo great with Ice-fickles. November The like did all the reft : and we fitted our ſelues to worke. The firſt thing we were to doe, was to get our clothes and prouifions afhoare : and therefore I deuided the company. The Maſter and a conuenient company with him, were to goe aboord; and to get things out of Hold. The Cock-fwaine with his ging , were to goe in the Boate, to bring and carry things aſhoare. My felfe with the reſt, to carry it halfe a mile thorow the ſnow, vnto the place where we intended to build a Store-houſe; As for the heanier things, we purpoſed to lay them vpon the Beache. In the afternoone, the winde was at South South-weſt and the water veerd to fo low an ebbe, that we thought we might get ſomething out of our Hold: we lanched our Boate therefore: and with oares, fet thorow the thicke congealed water : It did freeze extreme hard : and I did ſtand on the ſhoare with a troubled minde, thinking veri- ly that with the ebbe the Boate would be carried into the Sea; and that then wee were all loft men. But by Gods affiſtance they got ſafely to the Ship and made a fire there, to ſignifie theirarriuall aboord. They fell preſently to worke; and got ſomething out of the Hold, vpon the decks : but night com- ming on, they durſt not aduenture to come alhoare, but lay on the bed in the great Cabbin, being almoſt ſtarued. December 1. The firſt of December was ſo cold, that I went the fame way ouer the Ice to the Ship, wherethe Boate had gone ye- ſterday. This day we carried vpon our backs in bundles 500. of our fiſh: and much of our bedding and clothes; which we were faine to digge out of the Ice. The The Wintering. 57 2. 3. The ſecond was milde weather : and ſome of the men go- ing ouer the Ice, fell in, and very hardly recouered : ſo that this day we could land nothing , neither by Boate nor backe: I put them therefore to make vs a Store-houſe aſhoare. In the euening, the winde came vp at Weſt: and the Ice did breake and driue out of the Bay : It was very deepe and large Ice : that we much doubted it would haue fpoyled the Ship. The third day, there were diuers great pieces of Ice chat . came athwart the Ship: and ſhee ſtopt them, yet not fo, that we could goe ouer them. We found a way for the Boat: but when ſhee was loaden, ſhee drew foure foot water and could not coine within a flight-ſhot of the ſhoare. The men there- fore muſt wade thorow the thicke congealed water; and carry all things out of the Ship vpon their backs. Euery time they waded in the Ice,it ſo gathered about thé, that they did ſeeme like a walking piece of Ice, moſt lamentable to behold. In this extreme cold euening, they cut away as much Ice from about the Boate as they could, and pickt it with hand-ſpikes out of her, and endeauouring to hoyſe her into the Ship. There being ſmall hope, that ſhee could goe to and againe any more. But vſe what meanes they could, ſhee was ſo heauy, that they could not hoyſe her in: but were faine there to leaue her in the tackles by the Ships fide. The fourth being Sunday, wereſted; and performed the Sabbath duties of a Chriſtian. The fift and fixt were extreme cold: and wee made bags 5.& 6. of our ſtore ſhirts : and in them carried our looſe bread ouer the Ice aſhoare vpon our backs. We alſo digged our clothes and new fayles with hand-ſpikes of iron,out of the Ice : and carried them aſhoare, which we dryed by a great fire. The feuenth day was ſo extremely cold, that our noſes, 7 cheekes, and hands, did freeze as white as paper. The eighth and ninth it was extreme cold; and it did ſnow much, yet we continued our labour; in carrying and rowling things aſhoare. In the euening the water raiſed the Ice very high: and it did breake two thoughts of our Boat: and breake in the ſide of her: but for that time, we could not helpe it. H The 8. & 9. 58 The Wintering, 10. vp 21. 23. The tenth, our Carpenter found timber to make a Keele, anda Sterne for our Pinnace : the reſt wrought about our pro- viſions, vvtill the 13. day : and that we ſpent in digging our boate out of the Ice : which we were faine to doe to the ve- ry Keele: and dig the Ice out of her, and then wegot her on the Ice : in which doing, many had their noſes, cheekes and fingers, frozen as white as paper. The cold now increa- ſed moſt extremely. By the 19. we could get no more things out of our Hold: but were faine to leave 5. barrels of Beefe and Porke, all our Beere; and diuers other things : which were all firme frozen in her. The one and twentieth was ſo cold, that we could not goe out of the houſe. The three and twentieth we went to haue our boate a- ſhoare; running her ouer our oares: but by 10. a clocke there came ſuch a thicke fogge, that it was as darke as night. I made them giue ouer, and inake what haſte we could to the ſhoare: which we had much adoe to finde, for the time, loſing one another. At the laſt we met all at the houſe, the miſerableſt frozen, that can bee conceiued. Vpon di- vers, had the cold raiſed bliſters as bigge as wall-nuts. This we imagined to come, by reaſon that they came too haſtily to the fire. Our Well was now frozen vp: ſo that digge as deepe as we could, we can come by no water. Melted ſnow- water is very vnwholſome: either to drinke or to dreſſe our victuals. It made vs fo ſhort-breathed, that we were ſcarce able to ſpeake. All our Sacke, Vineger,Oyle, and euery thing elſe that was liquid, was now frozen as hard as a piece of wood, and we muſt cut it with a hatchet. Our houſe was all frozen on the inſide, and it froze hard within a yard of the fires fide. When I landed firſt vpon this Iland, I found a ſpring vnder a hils ſide: which I then obferuing, had caufed fome trees to be cut for markes to know the place againe by. It was about three quarters of a mile from our houſe. I fent 3. of our men which had beene formerly with me, thither vpon the 24. Theſe wading thorow the ſnow, at laſt found the place, and ſhoueling away the ſnow, they made way to the The Wintering 59 the very head of it. They found it ſpring very ſtrongly: and brought me a Can of it, for which I was right ioyfull . This {pring continued all the yeere; and did not freeze: but that we could breake the Ice and come to it. We labord very hard, theſe three or foure dayes, to get wood to the houſe, which we found to be very troubleſome, through the deepe how. Wee then fettled our bedding and prouiſions , pro- viding to keepe Chriſtmas day holy : which we ſolemnized in the ioyfulleſt manner we could : So likewiſe did we Saint Johns day : vpon which we named the wood we did winter in, in memory of that Honourable Knight Sir Ioha Winter, Winters Forreſt. And now in ſtead of a Chriſtmas Tale, I will here deſcribe the houſe that we did liue in, with thoſe ad- joyning. When I firſt refolued to build a houſe, I choſe the moſt war- meſt and conuenienteſt place and the neereſt the Ship withall. It was amongſt a tuft of thicke trees, vnder a South banke; about a flight-ſhot from the Seas fide. True it is, that at that time we could not digge into the ground, to make vs a Hole or Caue in the earth, (which had been the beſt way )becauſe we found water within 2. foote digging: and therefore that proie&t faild. It was a white light ſand; fo that we could by no meanes make vp a mud-wall. As for ſtones, there were none neere vs : which, moreouer, were all now couered with the ſnow. We had no boords for ſuch a purpoſe; and there- fore, we muſt doe the beſt we could, with ſuch materials as we had about vs. The houſe was fquare; about 20. foote euery way: as much namely, as our mayne-Courſe could well couer: firſt we droue ſtrong ſtakes into the earth, round about : which we watteled with boughes, as thicke as might be, beating them downe very cloſe. This our firſt worke was fixe foote high on both ſides, but at the ends, almoſt vp to the very top. There we left 2, holes, for the light to come in at: and the fame way the ſmoke did vent out alſo. Moreouer, I cauſed ar both ends, three rowes of thicke buſh trees: to be fucke H2 ур, 60 The Wintering vp,as cloſe together as mought be poſſibly. Then at a diſtance from the houſe, wecut downe trees : proportioning them into lengths of fixe foote; with which we made a pile on both ſides, fixe foote thicke, and fixe foote high: but at both ends, tenne foote high, and fixe foote thicke: Welefe a little low doore to creepe into; and a portall before that, made with piles of wood, that the wind might not blow into it. We next of all faſtned a rough tree aloft ouer all: vpon which we laid our rafters; and our Mayne Courſe o- uer thoſe againe : which lying thwart-wayes ouer all, did reach downe to the very ground, on either ſide. And this was the Fabricke of the out- ſide of it. On the inſide, we made faſt our bonnet ſayles, round about. Then we droue in ftalees and made vs bed-ſtead frames; about three ſides of the houſe: which bed-ſteads were double, one vnder ana other : the lower-moſt, being a foote from the ground: Theſe, we firſt fild with boughes, then we layd ſome ſpare ſayles on that, and then our bedding and clothes. We made a Hearth or Cauſie in the middle of the houſe, and on it, made our fire: ſome boords wee layd round about our Hearth, to ſtand vpon: thar the cold dampe ſhould not ſtrike vp into vs. With our Waft-clothes, we made vs Ca- Dopies and Curtaines : others did the like with our ſmall ſayles. Our ſecond houſe was not paſt 20, foote diſtant from this, and made for the watteling much after the ſame manner, but it was lefſe, and couered with our fore-Courſe: It had no pyles on the South fide: but in liew of that, we pilde vp all our Cheſts, on the inſide: and indeed the reflexe of the heate of the fire againſt them, did make it warmer then the Manfion houſe. In this houſe, we dreſt our victuall: and the ſubordinate crue did refreſh themſelues all day in it. A third houſe , ( which was cur ſtore-houſe) we likewiſe made, ſome twenty paces off from this; for feare of firing. This houſe was onely a rough tree faſtened aloft : with raf- ters layd from it to the ground, and couered ouer with our new ſuite of failes. On the inſide, we had laid ſmall trees, and couered them ouer with boughes: and fo ſtor'd vp our Bread, The Wintering, 61 Bread, and Fiſh in it; about two foote from the ground: the better to preferue them. Other things lay more care- leffely. Long before Chriſtmas, our manſion houſe was couered thicke ouer with Snow:almoſt to the very roofe of it. And fo likewiſe was our ſecond houſe: but our Store-houſe, all ouer: by reaſon we made no fire in it. Thus we ſeemed to liue in aheape, and Wilderneffe of Snow; forth adores we could not go,but vpon the ſnow in which we made vs paths middle deepe in ſome places : and in one ſpeciall place, the length of tenne ſteps. To do this, we muſt ſhouell away the Snow firſt; and then by treadding, make it ſomething hard vnderfoote: The Snow in this path, was a full yard thicke vnder vs. And this was our beſt gallery for the Gicke- men: and for mine owne ordinary walking. And both houſes and walkes, we did daily accommodate more and more, and make fitter for our vſes. The twenty feuenth, we got our Boate aſhore : and fetcht vp ſome of our prouifions from the beach fide into the Store-houſe : and to by degrees did we with thereſt of our prouiſions : with extremity of cold and labour, making way with ſhouels thorow the deepe Snow ; euen from the Sea- fide vnto our Store-houſe. And thus concluded we the old yecre. 1631. 270 Ianuary, 1632. The firſt of Ianuary (and for the moſt part all the moneth) was extreme cold. The ſixth, I obſerued the latitude, with what exactneſſe I could it being very cleeré Sun-fhine weather) which I found to be 51.52. This difference, is by reaſon that here is a great Refraction, The one and twentieth, I ob(ersed the Sunne to rife like an Ouall, alongſt the Horizon : I cald three or foure to ſee it, the better to confirme my Iudgement: and we all agreed, that it was twice as long as it was broad. We plainely per- H 3 ceiucd 21. 62 The Wintering cei ued withall, that by degrecs as it gate vp higher, it alſo recouered his roundneffe. The fixe and twentieth, I obſerued, when the Eaſterne edge of the Moone did touch the Planet Mars, the Lions heart was then in the Eaſt quarter 21. 45. aboue the Hori- zon: but all this was not done with that exactnefſe, that I haue done other obferuations. 30. &31. The thirtieth and one and thirtieth, there appeared in the beginning of the night, more Starres in the firma- , ment, then euer I had before ſeene by two thirds. I could 1 fee the Cloud in Cancer full of ſmall Starres: and all the via Lučtea, nothing but ſmall Starres : and amongſt the Plyades, a great many ſmall Starres, About tenne a Clocke, the Moone did riſe; and then a quarter of them was not to be feene. The wind for the moſt part of this month, hath beene Nor- therly, and very cold: the warmeſt of which time wee imployed our felues in fetching Wood, working vpon our Pinnaſſe and other things that happened. In the beginning of this moneth, the Sea was all firmely frozen ouer, ſo that we could ſee no water any way. I hope it will not ſeeme tedi- ous to the Readers, if I here deliuer mine owne opinion, how this abundance of Ice comes to be ingendered. The Land that encircles this great Bay, (which lyes in a broken Irregular forme, making many little ſhoald Bayes, and Guts, being, morcouer, full of Ilands and dry ſands) is for the moſt part low and flat, and hath flat ſhoalds adioy- ning to it, halfe a mile or a mile, that are dry at low water. Now you muſt know, that it flowes halfe tyde (as I haue often experienced) that is, from whence the flood commerh, the water thither returneth, two houres before it be high water, or full Sea. It feldome raines, after the middle of September : but firowes : and that Snow will not melt on the Land nor Sands; At low water when it ſnowes ( which it doth very often the ſands are all couered ouer with it; which the halfe tyde carries officiouſly (twice in twentie foure houres ) into the great Bay, which is the common Ren- dezvous of it. Euery low water are the ſands left cleere,to ga- ther The Wintering 63 ther more to the increaſe of it. Thus doth it daily gather to- gether in this manner, till the latter end of O&tober, and by that time hath it brought the Sea to that coldneffe, that as it fnows, the ſnow will lye vpon the water in flakes without changing his colour ; but with the winde is wrought toge- ther; and as the winter goes forward, it begins to freeze on the ſurface of it , two or three inches or more in one night: which being carried with the halfe tyde, meets with ſome obſtacle, (as it ſoone doth) and then it crumples and ſo runnes vpon it felfe, that in a few houres it will be fiue or fixe foote thicke. The halfe tyde ftill flowing , carries it ſo faſt away, that by December it is growne to an infinite multiplication of Ice. And thus by this ftoring of it vp, the cold gets the pre- domination in the Sea ( which allo furniſheth the Springs and water, in the low flat lands ) that it cooles itlike it felfe. This may appeare by our experience, though in all this, I free- ly ſubmit my ſelfe vnto the berter learned. Our men found it more mortifying cold to wade thorow the water in the ben ginning of lune when the Sea was all full of Ice; then in December, when it was increaſing, Onr Well, moreouer,out of which we had water in December, we had none in Inly. The ground at ten foote deepe, was frozen. The quantitie of the Ice, may very eaſily be made to appeare, by Mathema- ricall Demonſtration : and yet I am not of the opinion, that the Bay doth freeze all ouer. For the one and twentieth, the winde blowing a ſtorme at North, we could perceiue the Ice to riſe ſomething in the Bay. February, 1632. The cold was as extreme this moneth, as at any time we had felt it this yeere : and many of our men complained of infirmities. Some, of fore mouthes; all the teeth in their heads being looſe, their gums ſwolne, with blacke rotten fleſh; which muft euery day be cutaway. The paine was fo ſore on them, that they could not eate their ordinary meat. Others complained of paine in their heads, and their breſts : Some of weakeneſſe in their backs; Others of aches in their sil thighs 64 The Wintering thighs and knees : and others, of ſwellings in their legges. Thus were two thirds of the company, vnder the Chirurgi- ons hand. And yet neuertheleſſe, they muſt worke daily; and goe abroad to fetch wood, and timber ; notwithſtanding the moſt of the had no ſhooes to put on. Their fhooes, vpon their comming to the fire, out of the ſnow, were burntand ſcorcht vpon their feete: and our ſtore-ſhooes were all funke in the Ship. In this neceſſitie they would make this ſhift: Tobind clouts about their feet, and endeauoured by that poore helpe, the beſt they could to performe their duties. Our Carpenter likewiſe is by this time falne ficke to our great diſcomforts. I practiſed ſome obſeruations by the riſing and ſetting of the Sunne, calculating the time of his riſing and ſetting, by very true running glaſſes. As for our Clocke and Watch, notwith- ſtanding we ſtill kept them by the fires ſide, in a Cheſt wrapt in clothes, yet were they fo frozen, that they could not goe. My obſeruations by theſe Glaſſes, I compared with the Stars comming to the Meridian. By this meanes wee found the Sunne to riſe twentie minutes before it ſhould : and in the euening to remaine aboue the Horizon twentie minutes (or thereabouts ) longer then it ſhould doe. And all this by rea- fon of the Refraction Since now I haue fpoken ſo much of the cold, I hope it will not be too coldly taken, if I in a few words make it ſomeway to appeare vito our Readers. Wee made three differences of the cold: all according to the places. In our houſe, In the woods : and in the open Ayer, vpon the Ice, in our going to the ſhip. For the laſt, it would be ſometimes ſo extreme, that it was not indurable: no Cloathes were proofe againſt it ; no motion could reſiſt it. It would, moreouer, fo freeze the haire on our eye-lids, that we could not ſee : and I verily be- leeue, that it would haue ſtifled a man, in a very few houres : we did daily find by experience, that the cold in the Woods would freeze our faces or any part of our fleſh that was bare; but it was yet not fo mortifying as the other. Our houſe on the out-fide,was couered two thirdparts with Snow ; and on the 11 The Wintering. 65 the inſide frozen,& hang with Icefickles, The Cloathes on our beds would be couered with hoare froſt: which in this litele habitacle, was not farre from the fire. But let vs come a little neerer to it. The Cookes Tubs, wherein he did water his meate, ſtanding about a yard from the fire, and which he did all day plye with melted Snow-water : yet in the night feafon, whilft he ſlept but one watch, would they be firme frozen to the very bottome. And therefore was hee faine to water his meate in a braſſe Kettle cloſe adioyning to the fire; and I baue many times both feene and felt by putting my band into it ; that ſide which was next the fire, was very warme, and the other ſide an inch frozen; I leaue the reſt to our Cooke; who will almoſt ſpeake miracles of the cold. The Surgeon, who had hung his bottles of firrops, and other liquid things as conueniently as he could to preſerue them, had them all frozen : our Vineger, Oyle, and Sacke, which we had in ſmall Caske in the houſe, was all firme frozen. It may further in generall be conceiued, that in the beginning of lune, the Sea was not broken vp: and the ground was yet frozen , and thus much wee found by experience, in the bu- rying of our men: in ſetting vp the Kings Standard towards the latter end of Iune : and by our Well, at our comming away in the beginning of Iuly: at which time vpon the land for ſome other reaſons, it was very hote weather. I. March, 1 6 3 2. 30 The firſt of this moneth being Saint Davids day, we kept Holyday,and folemnized it in the manner of the Ancient Bria taines : praying for his Highneſſe happineſſe Charles Prince of wales. The fifteenth, one of our men thought he had ſeene a Deere: whereupon he with two or three more deſired that they might go to ſee if they could take it: I gaue them leaue : but in the Euening they returned fo diſabled with cold, which did riſe vp in bliſters ynder the foales of their feete and vpon their legges, to the bigneffe of Walnuts ; that they I could 15. 66 The Wintering 26. could not recouer their former eſtate (which was not very well) in a fortnight after. The fixe and twentieth, three more deſire that they alſo might goe out to try their fortunes : but they retumed worſe diſabled, and euen almoft ftilled with the cold, This Euening, the Moone roſe in a very long Ovale alongſt the Horizon. By the laſt of this moneth, the Carpenter had ſet vp 17. ground timbers : and 34. Staddles; and (poore man) hee proceedeth the beſt he can, though he be faire to be led unto his labour. i In briefe, all this moneth hath beene very cold. The wind about the N. W. The ſnow as deepe as it hath been all this winter; But to anſwer an obiection that may be made, You were in a wood (may ſome men ſay vnto vs ) and therefore you might make fire enough to keepe you from the cold. It is true, we were in a wood; and vndera South-banke too : or otherwiſe, we had all ſtarued. But I muſt tell you with all; how difficult it was to haue wood in a wood: And firſt, I will make a muſter of the tooles we had : The Car- penter in his Cheſt had 2. Axes indeed : but one of them was fpoyld in cutting downe wood to pile about our houſe be- fore Chriſtmas; When we came firſt aland, we had buttwo whole hatchets, which in a few dayes broke 2. inches be low the Sockets. I cald for 3. of the Coopers hatchets : The Carpenters axe and the Coopers beft hatchet I cauſed to be lockt vp: The other 2. hatchets to be new hclu'd, and the blades of the 2, broken hatchets, to be put into a cleft piece of wood, and then to be bound about with rope yarne as faſt as might be: which muſt be repaired euery day. And theſe were all the cutting tooles we had: morcouer the 6. of February the Campenter had out his beſt axe about ſomething, and one of the company in his abſence, by his vndiſcreete handling of it, brake that too, two inches below the Socket: we muſt henceforth order theſe pieces of tooles the beſt we could: wherefore I gave order, that the Carpenter ſhould have one of the Coopers hatchets : they that lookt for tim- ber The Wintering 67 ber in the woods, the other : and they that cut downe wood to burne, were to haue the 2. pieces. And this was before Chriſtmas, The three that were appointed to looke crooked timber, muſt ſtalkc and wade, (ſometimes on all foure) thorow the fnow: and where they ſaw a tree likely to fit the mould: they muſt firft heaue away the ſnow, and then ſee if it would fit the mould: if not, they muſt ſeeke further: if it did fit the mould; then they muſt make a fire to it, to thawe it : otherwiſe it could not be cut. Then cut it downe, and fit it to the length of the mould: and then with other helpe, get it home: a mile thorow the ſnow. Now for our firing. We could not burne greene wood, it would fo ſmoke, that it was not indurable: yea the men had rather ſtarue without in the cold, then fit by it. As for the dry wood, that alſo was bad enough in that kinde: for it was full of Turpentime, and would fend forth ſuch a thicke ſmoke, that would make abundance of foote : which made vs all looke, as if we had beene free of the company of Chimney- Sweepers. Our clothes were quite burnt in pieces about vs. and for the moſt part, we were all without ſhooes : But to our Fuellers againe. They muſt firſt (as the former) goe vp and downe in the ſhow: till they ſaw a ſtanding dry tree: for that the ſnow couered any that were fallen. Then they muſt hacke it downe with their picces of hatchets : and then o- thers muſt carry it home thorow the ſnow. The boyes with Cutelcaffes, muſt cut boughes for the Carpenter : for euery piece of timber that he did worke, muſt firſt be thaw'd in the fire: and he muſt haue a fire by him, or he could not worke. And this was our continuall labour, throughout the forementioned cold: beſides our tending of the ficke, and o- ther neceſſary imployments. Aprill. 1632. The firſt of this moneth being Eaſter-day, we folem- nized as religiouſly as God did giue vs grace. Both this I 2 day 1. 68 The Wintering day and the 2. following Holy-dayes were extreme cold: And now fitting all about the fire, we reaſoned and conſide- red together vpon our eſtate; We had 5. men (whereof the Carpenter was one:) not able to do any thing. The Boate- fwayne and many more, were very infirme: and of all the reſt, we had but s. that could cate of their ordinary allow- ance. The time and ſeaſon of the yeere came forwards apace: and the cold did very littlc mitigate. Our Pinnace was in an indifferent forwardneffe: but the Carpenter grew worſe and worſe: The Ship (as we then thought) lay all full of ſolid Ice: which was weight enough to open the ſeames of any new and found veſſell: eſpecially of one that had layne ſo long vpon the ground as ſhe had done. In briefe, after ma- ny diſputations, and laying open of our miſerable and hope- leſle eſtates, I reſolued vpon this courſe : that notwithſtan- ding it was more labour , and though we declined, weaker fill and weaker : yet that with the firſt warme weather, we would begin to cleere the Ship: that ſo we might haue the time before vs, to thinke of ſome other courſe. This being ordered, we lookt to thoſe tooles we had, to digge the Ice out of her: we had but 2. Iron barres aſhoare: the reſt were ſunke in the Ship: and one of them was broken too. Well! we fell to fitting of choſe barres, and of 4. broken ſhouels that we had: with which we intended (as after we did) to digge the Ice out of her : and to lay that Ice on a heape, vpon the Lar-boord bowe, and to finke downe that Ice to the ground fo faſt, that it ſhould be a Barricadoe to vs, when the Ice brake vp; which we feared would tcare vs all to pieces.fi The 6. was the deepeſt flow we had all this yeere : which fild vp all our pathes and wayes, by which we were vſed to goe vnto the wood: This ſnow was ſomething moyſter and greater then any we had had all this ycere: for formerly it was as dry as duft; and as ſmall as ſand, and would drive like duft with the winde. The weather continued with this extremitic, vntill the 15. at which time our ſpring was harder frozen, then it had bcenc 6. is. The Wintering 69 13. 16. beene all the yeere before. I had often obſerued the difference betwixt deere weather and miſtie Refraktious weather: in this manner. From a little hill which was neere adioyning to our houſe; in the cleereft weather, when the Sunne fhone with all the puritic of ayre, that I could conceiue: we could not ſee a little Iland; which bare off vs South South-eaſt,ſome foure leagues off: but if the weather were miſtie ( as afore- faid)then we ſhould often ſee it, from the loweſt place. This little Tland I had ſeene the laſt yeere, when I was on Danby Iland: The 13. I tooke the height of it inſtrumentally ; ftan- ding neere the Seas ſide: which I found to be 34. minutes : the Sunne being 28. degrees high. This ſhowes, how great a Refraktion here is. Yet may this be noted by the way ; That I haue feene the land eleuated, by rcafon of the refractious ayre; and neuertheleffe, the Sunne hath riſen perfect round. The fixteenth was the moſt comfortable Sun-fhine day, that came this yeere : and I put fome to cleere off the ſnow from the vpper decks of the Ship; and to cleere and dry the great Cabbin, by making fire in it. Others I put to digge downe thorow the Ice, to come by our Anker, that was in fhoald water, which the 17. in the afternoone we gotvp,and carried aboord. The eighteenth, I put them to digge downe thorow the Ice, neere the place where we thought our Rudder might be. They digged downe, and came to water : but no hope of fin- ding of it: we had many doubts, that it mought be ſanded: or that the Ice might haue carried it away already, the laſt yeere : or if we could not recouer it by digging before the Ice brake vp, and droue, there was little hope of it. The nineteenth wee continued our myning worke a- boord the Shippe; and returned in the Euening to Sup- per afhoare : This Day, The Maſter and two others, deſired that they might lye aboord: which I condifcen- ded to: for indeed they had laine very diſcommodiouſly all the winter, and with ficke bed-fellowes : as I my felfe had done; every one in that kinde taking their fortunes. By lying aboord, they auoyded the hearing of the miſera- ble 17: 18. 19. I 3 70 The Wintering 21. 23. 34. ble groanings: and lamenting of the ficke men all night long enduring ( poore foules ) intolerable torments. By the one and twentieth, we had laboured ſo hard, that we came to ſee a Caske ; and could likewiſe perceiue that there was ſome water in the Hold. This we knew could not be thawed water; becauſe it did ftill freeze night and day very hard aboord the Ship, and one the land allo. By the three and twentieth in the Euening, wee came to pierce the forementioned Caske: and found it was full of ve- ry good Beere, which did much reioyce vs all: eſpecially the fickemen, notwithſtanding that it did taſte a little of bulge- water. By this we at that time thought that the holes we had cut to finke the Ship, were frozen, and that this water had ſtood in the Ship all the Winter. The foure and twentieth, we went betimes in the more ning to worke: but found that the water was riſen abpue the Ice where we had left work,abont two foot: for that the wind had blowne very hard at North, the night before. In the morning, the wind came about South, and blew hard, and although we had little reaſon for it; we yet expected a low- er veere of the water. I there vpon pur them to worke on the outſide of the Ship: that we might come to the lower hole, which we had cut in the Sterne-Shootes. With much labour by night, we digged downe thorow the Ice to it; and found it vnfrozen (as it had bin all the Winter) and to our great comforts, we found that on the inſide, the water was ebd euen with the hole : and that on the outſide, it was ebd a foot lower. Hereupon I made a ſhot-boord to be naild on it: and to be made as tight as might be, to try if the water came in any other way. To the other two holes, we had digged on the inſide: and found them frozen? Now I did this betimes, that if we found the Ship foundered, we might reſolue of fome courſe to faue, or prolong oar liues, by getting to the maine before the Ice were broken vp: for, as for our Boate, it was too little, and bulged, beſides that. Our Car- penter was by this time paſt hope: and therefore little hope had we of our Pinnaffe. But which was worſt of all, we had The Wintering 71 25. yet 28. 29. had not foure men able to trauell through the Snow ouer the Ice, and in this miſerable eſtate were weat this preſent. The 25.we ſatisfied our longing: for the winde now com- ming about Northerly, the water roſe by the Ships ſide(where we had digged downe) a foot and more aboue the Hold: and did not riſe within boord. This did ſo incourage vs, that we fell very luſtily to digging, and to heaue our the Ice, out of the Ship. I put the Cooke and ſome others, to thaw the pumps : Who by continuall powring of hot water into them; by the 27. in the morning they had cleered one of them : which we ſay-ing, found that it did deliver water very ſuffi- ciently. Thus we fell to pumping: and hauing cleered two foot water, we then left to haue a ſecond tryall. Continuing our worke thus, in digging the Ice; by the 28. we had clee- red our other pumpe: which we alſo found to deliuer wa- tervery well : We found likewiſe, that the water did not riſe any thing, in Hold. The 29. it rained all day long, a fure ſigne to vs, that win- ter was broken vp. The 30. wee were betimes aboord at our worke: which day, and the one and thirtieth, were very cold, with ſnow and haile: which did pinch our ficke men more then any time this yeere. This euening being May Euen ; we returned late from our worke to our houſe : and made a good fire, and choſe Ladies, and did ceremoniouſly weare their names in our Caps : endeauouring to reuiue our ſelaes by any mcanes. And becauſe you heare vs in this merry humour; Iwill make knowne to you what good cheere we kept at Chriſtmas and Eaſter : and how we had dieted our ſelues all the winter. At our comming foorth of England, we were ſtored with all ſort of Sea prouiſions : as Beefe, Porke, Fiſh, &c. but now that we had little hope of refreſhing, our Cooke did order it in this manner. The Beefe which was to ferue on Sunday-night to Supper; he did boyle on Saterday-night, in a Kercle full of water with a quart of Oatemeale, about an houre: Then taking the Beefe out, he boyled the reſt till it came to halfe the quantitie: And this 30. 31. 72 The Wintering this we called porridge: which with bread we did eate , as hot as we could: and after this we had our ordinary of fish. Sunday dinner, wee had Porke and Peaſe : and at night the former boyled Beefe made more porridge. In this manner our Tueſdayes Beefe was boyled on the Munday nights: and the Thurſdayes , vpon the Wedneſdayes. And thus all the weeke (except Friday night ) we had forne warme thing in our bellies euery ſupper. And (ſurely ) this did vs a great deale of good. But ſoone after Chriſtmas, many of vs fell fieke, and had fore mouthes: and could neither cate Beefe, Porke, Fiſh, nor Porridge. Their dyet was onely this: They would ponnd Bread, or Oatmeale in a morter, to meale: then fry it in a frying panne, with a little oyle, and ſo cate it. Some would boyle Peaſe to a ſoft paſte, and feed as well as they could, vpon that. For the moſt part of the winter, water was our drinke. In the whole winter, we tooke not aboue a doozen Foxes : many of which would be dead in the traps, two or three dayes, oftentimes; and then when the blood was ſettled, they would be vnwholeſome. But if we tooke onc aliue, that had not bin long in the trap, him we boyled, and made broth for the weakeſt ficke men of him : the fleſh of it being ſoft boyled they did eate alſo. Some white partridges we kild: but not worth the men- tioning towards any refreſhing. We had three ſorts of fickemen. Thoſe that could not mouenor turne themſelues in their Beds, who muſt be ten- ded like an Infant. Others that were as it were creepled with ſcuruy Aches. And others laſtly, that were ſomething better. Moft of all had fore mouthes. You may now aske me, how theſe infirme men could worke? I will tell you: Our Surgeon (which was diligent, and a ſweet-conditioned man, as euer I ſaw) would be vp betimes in the mornings ; and whileft he did picke their Teeth, and cut away the dead fleſh from their Gummes, they would bathe their owne thighes, knees, and legges. The manner whereof way this : There was no tree, bud, nor herbe ; but we made tryall of it: and this being firſt boyled in a Kettle, and then put in a ſmall Tub, The Wintering 73 Tubs, and Baſons: they put it vnder them, and couering themſelues with Cloathes vpon it ; this would ſo mollifie the grieued parts, that although, when they did riſe out of their Beds, they would be fo crippled, that they could ſcarce ſtand: yer after this done halfe an houre, they would be able to goe (and muſt goe) to wood, thorow the Snow, to the Ship, and about their other buſineſſe. By night, they would be as bad againe : and then they muſt bee bathed, anoynted, and their mouthes againe dreſt, before they went to Bed. And with this dyer, and in this manner, did we goc thorow our miſeries. I cuer doubted, that we ſhould be weakeſt in the Spring; and therefore had I reſerued a Tun of Alegant Wine vnto this time. Of this, by putting ſeuen parts of water, to one of wine, we made ſome wcake Beuerage: which (by rea- ſon that the wine by being frozen, had loſt his Vertue) was little better then water. The ſicker fort had a Pint of Ale- gant a day, by it felfe; and of ſuch poore Aqua vitæ too, as we had, they had a little dramme allowed them next their hearts euery morning; and thus wee made the beſt vſe of what we had, according to the ſeaſons. O May, 1632. ai The firſt, we went aboord betimes, to heaue out the Ice. The ſecond, it did ſnow and blow, and was ſo cold, that we were faine to keepe houſe all day. This vnexpected cold at this time of the yeere did ſovexe our ficke men; that they grew worſe and worſe: we cannot now take them out of their beds, but they would ſwound: and we had much adoe, to fetch life in them. The third, thoſe that were able, went aboord betimes to heaue out the Ice. The Snow was now melted in many pla- ces vpon the Land, and ſtood in plaſhes : and now there came ſome Cranes, and Geeſe to it. The fourth, while the reſt wrought aboord, I and the Surgeon went with a couple of pieces, to ſee if we could K kill 3. 4. The Wintering. 74 kill any of theſe fowle for our ficke men , but neuer did I ſee ſuch wild-fowle: They would not indure to ſee any thing mooue. Wherefore we returned within 2 houres, not being able to indure any longer ſtalking thorow the ſnow, and the wet plaſhes. I verily thought that my feet and legs would haue fallen off, they did ſo torment me with aking. 6. The 6. Iohn Wardon, the Maſter of my Ships chiefe Mate dyed, whom we buried in the Euening (in the moſt Chri- ſtian-like manner we could ) vpon the top of a bare hill of fand: which we cald Brandon Hill. The weather continued very cold: freezing ſo hard in a night, that it would beare a man. By the 9. We were come to and got vp our fiuc barrels of 9. Beefe and Porke, and had found 4. Buts of Beere, and one of Cydar, which God had preferued for vs : It had layne vn- der water all the winter; yet we could not perceiue that it was any thing the worſe. God make vs euer thankefull for the comfort it gaue vs. The 1o. it did ſnow and blow ſo cold, that we could not ſtirre out of the houſe : yet neuertheleffe, by day the ſnow vaniſheth away apace on the land, The II. we were aboord betimes, to heaue out Ice. By 11. & 12, the 12. at night, we had clecred out all the Ice, out of the Hold: and found likewiſe our ſtore-ſhooes which had layne ſoakt in the water all the winter : but we dried them by the fire, and fitted our ſelues with them. We ſtrooke againe our Cables into the Hold; there ftowd wea But of Wine allo, which had beene all the Winter on the vpper decke, and con- tinued as yet, all firme frozen. We fitted the Ship alſo: ma- king her ready to ſinke her againe, when the Ice brake vp. We could hitherto find no defect in her: and therefore well hoped, that ſhe was ſtanche. The Carpenter, neuertheleffe, did earneſtly argue to the contrary: alleadging, that now ſhe lay on the ground, in her Docke; and that the Ice had fild her defects: and that the Ice was the thing that kept out the water : but when ſhe ſhould come to labour in the fea; when doubtleffe, ſhe would open. And indeed we could 10. now The Wintering 75 13. 14 now fee quite through her ſeames, betwixt wind and water. But that which did trouble vs as illas all this, was the loffe of her Rudder : and that ſhe now lay in the very ſtrength of the Tyde : which, when cuer the Ice droue, might teare her to pieces. But we ſtill hoped the beſt. The 13. being the Sabbath Day, we folemnized; giuing God thankes for thoſe hopes and comforts we dayly had : The weatherby day-time was pretty and warme: but it did freeze by night: yet now we could fee ſome bare patches of land. The 14, we began a new ſort of worke. The Boate- ſwaine and a conuenient number fought aſhoare the reſt of our Rigging: which was much ſpoyld by pecking of it out of the Ice : and this they now fell to fitring, and to feruing of it. I ſet the Cooper to fit our Caske, although (poore man) he was very infirme: my intent being, to paffe fome Cables vnder the Ship, and ſo to Buoy her vp with theſe Caske; if otherwiſe we could not get her off. Some others, I ordered to goe fee, if they could kill ſome wild-fowle for our ficke men : who now grew worſe and worſe. And this is to be remembred, that we had no ſhot, but what we did make of the Aprons of our Gunnes and ſome old pewter that I had: for the Carpenters-ſheet-lead, we durſt not vſe. The 15. I manured a little patch of ground, that was bare of ſnow; and lowed it with Peaſon : hoping to haue fome of the hearbs of them ſhortly, to eate : for as yet we can finde no greenething to comfort vs. The 18. our Carpenter william Cole dyed, a man general- ly bemoaned of vsall: aſmuch for his innare goodneſſe, as for the preſent neceſſity we had of a man of his quality. He had indured a long fickneffe, with much patience, and made a very godly end. In the Euening, we buried him by Maſter Wardor : accompanied with as many as could goe: for 3. more of our principall men, lay then expecting a good houre. And now were we in the tnoſt miſerable eſtate, that we were in all the voyage. Before his extreme weakneſle, he had brought the Pinnace to that paſſe, that ſhe was ready K 2 15. 18 76 The Wintering 19. to be boulted and trenneld; and to be ioyn'd together to re- ceiue the planke : ſo that we were not ſo diſcouraged by his death, but that we did hope of our ſelues to finiſh her: ifthe Ship proved vnferuiceable. This our Pinnace was 27. foot by the Kecle, 10. foot by the Beame, and s. foot in Hold: ſhe had 17. ground tim- bers, 34. principall Staddles, and 8. ſhort Staddles. He had contriued Her with a round fterne, to faue labour : and in- deed ſhe was a well proportioned Veffell. Her burthen was 12. Or 14. Tunne. In the Euening, the Maſter of our Ship, after buriail re- turning aboord Ship, and looking about her : diſcouered ſome part of our Gunner; vnder the Gun-roome ports. This man, we had committed to the Sea at a good diſtance from the Ship, and in deep water, neere 6. moneths before. The 19. in the morning, I fent men to dig him out, he was faſt in the Ice, his head downewards, and his heele VP- ward, for he had but one legge; and the plaſter was yet at his wound: In the afternoone, they had digd hin cleere out: after all which time, he was as free from noyfomeneffe, as when we firſtcommitted him to the Sea. This alteration had the Ice and water, and time onely wrought on him: that his fleſh would flip vp and downe vpon bis bones, like a gloue on a mans hand. In the Eueniog weburied him by the others. This day, one George Veganes (who could handle a toole beſt of vs all) had indifferent well repaired our boate : and ſo we ended this mournefull weeke. The ſnow was by this time prettily well waſted in the woods: and we hauing a high tree, on the higheſt place of the Iland, which we called our watch-tree; from the top of it we might ſee into the ſea, but found no appearance of breaking vp yet. This 20. being Whit-Sunday, we ſadly folemnized, and had ſome taſte of the wilde-fowle: but not worth the writing The one and twentieth, was the warmeſt Sunne-ſhine-day, that came this yeere. I ſent 2. a-fowling: and my felfe ta- king the Maſter, the Surgeon, and one more, with our pieces 20. 21. and The Wintering 77 and our Dogs, we went into the woods to ſee what com- fort wee could finde. Wee wandred from the houſe eight miles; and ſearcht with all diligence: but returned comfort- leſſe, not an herbe nor leafe eatable, that we could finde. Our Fowlers had as bad fucceffe. In the woods, wee found the Snow partly waſted away, ſo that it was paſſable. The ponds were almoſt vnthawd: but the Sea from any place we could fee all firme frozen. The ſnow doth not melt away here with the Sunne or raine ; and ſo make any land-floods; as in England: but it is exhaled vp by the Sunne, and ſuckt full of holes, like honey- combs : ſo that the ſand whereon it lyes, will not be at all wetred. The like obferuation wee alſo had : that let it raine euer ſo much, you ſhall ſee no land-floods after it: The two and twentieth, we went aboord the Ship: and found that thee had made ſo much water, that it was now ri- fen aboue the ballaſt, which made vs doubt againe of her ſoundneſſe. We fell to pumping, and pumpt her quite dry. And now by day ſometimes, we haue ſuch hot gloomes, that we cannot endure in the Sunne: and yet in the night it would freeze very hard. This vnnaturalneffe of the ſeaſon, did tor- ment our men, that they now grew worſe and worſe daily. The three and twentieth, our Boat-ſwayne ( a painefull man ) hauing beene long ficke, which he had heartily refi- ſted, was taken with ſuch a painefull ache in one of his thighs; that we verily thought he would haue preſenty dyed. He kept his bed all day in great extremitie: and it was a maxime amongſt vs; that if any one kept his bed two dayes, he could riſe no more. This made cuery man to ſtriue to keepe , The foure and twentieth was very warme Sun-fhine: and the Ice did conſume by the ſhores ſide, and crackt all ouer the Bay, with a fearefull noyſe. About three in the afternoone, we could perceiue the Ice with the ebbe to driue by the Ship. Whereupon I ſent two with all ſpeed vnto the Maſter, with order : to bcate out the hole, and to finke the Ship: as like- wiſe to looke for the Rudder, betwixt the Ice. This he pre- K3 fently 23 vp, for life. 24. 78 The Wintering 25. 36. fently performed: anda happy fellow, one Dauid Hammon, pecking betwixt the Ice, ſtrooke vpon it and it came vp with his lance : who crying that he had found it, the reſt came and got itvp on the Ice, and fo into the Ship. In the meane fpace, with the little drift that the Ice had it began to riſe and mount into high heaps againſt the ſhoald ſhoares, and rocks : and likewife againſt the heape of Ice, which we had put for a Barricado to our Ship : but with little harme to vs. Yet we were faine to cut away 20. faddome of Cable which was frozen in the Ice. After an houre, the Ice fettled againe, as not hauing any vent outwards. Oh! this was a joyfull day to vsall: and we gaue God thanks for the hopes we had of it. The fiue and twentieth was a fine warme day; and with the ebbe, the Ice did drive againſt the Ship, and ſhake her ſhrowdly. The fixe and twentieth, I tooke the Chirurgion with mee, and went againe to wander the woods: and went to that Bay, where laſt yeere wee had loft our man Iohn Barton. But we could finde no ſigne of him, nor of other reliefe. By the eight and twentieth it was pretty and cleere,betwixt the Ship and the ſhoare, and I hoped the Ice would no more dangerouſly oppreſſe vs. Wherefore I cauſed the lower hole to be firmely ſtopt: the water then remaining three foot, a- boue the Ballaſt. The nine and twentieth,being Prince Charles his birth day; we kept Holy-day and diſplay'd his Maieſties Colours: both aland and aboord; and named our habitation Charles Towne; by contraction Charlton : and the Iland, Charlton Iland. The thirtieth we lanched our Boate; and had intercourſe ſometimes betwixt the ship and the ſhoare by Boat : which was newes to vs. The laſt of this moneth, we found on the Beach fome Vetches, to appeare out of the ground; which I made the men to pick vp, and to boyle for our ficke men. This day, we made an end of fitting all our Rigging and Sayles : and it being a very hot day, we did dry and new make our Fiſh in the Sunne : and ayred all our other prouiſions. There 28. 29. 30. The Wintering 79 There was not a man of vs at preſent, able to care of our ſalc prouifions, but my felfe and the Maſter of my Ship. It may Þe here remembred, that all this Winter wee had not beene troubled with any rhumes, nor flegmaticall diſeaſes. All this moneth the winde hath beene variable, but for the moſt part Northerly. Iune. 1632. The foure firſt dayes, it did ſnow, haile, and blow very hard ; and was ſo cold, that the Ponds of water did freezeo- uer: and the water in our Cans did freeze in the very houſe: our clothes alſo that had beene waſhed and hung out to dry, did not thaw all day. The fift, it continued blowing very hard in the broad fide of the Ship: which did make her ſwag and wallow in her Docke for all ſhee was funken : which did much ſhake her. The Ice withall did driue againſt her, and gaue her many fearefall blowes. I refolued to endeuour to hang the Rudder; and when God ſent vs water ; (notwithſtanding the abun- dance of Ice that was yet about vs ) to haue her further off: In the afternoone, we vnder-run our ſmall Cable to our An- ker,which lay a-Sterne in deepe water; and ſo with ſome dif- ficultie gate vp our Anker : This Cable had. laine ſlacke vn- der-foot, and vnder the Ice, all the Winter : and wee could neuer haue a cleere flatch from Ice, to haue it vp, before now; we found it not a lot the worſe. I put ſome to make Col- rakes; that they might goe into the water, and rake a hole in the ſands to let downe our Rudder. The fixth, we went about to hang it. And our young luf- tieſt men tooke turnes, to goe into the water, and to rake away, the fand: but they were not able to indure the cold of it halfe a quarter of an houre, it was ſo mortifying: yea, vſewhat comforts we could, it would make them ſwound and dye away. We brought it to the Sternepoſt: but were then faine to giue it ouer, being able to workear it no longer. Then we plugg'd vp the vpper holes, within boord : and fell to pumping the water againe out of her. The 6. 80 The Wintering 7. 8. 9. The feuenth we wrought fomething about our Rudder, but were againe forced to giue ouer ; and to put out our Ca- bles ouer-boord, with Meſſengers vnto them: the Ankers lying to that paffe, that we might keepe her right in her docke, when we ſhould haue brought her light. By the eighth at night, we had pumpt all the water out of her : and ſhee at a high water would fleet in her docke, though ſhe were ſtill dockt in the ſands, almoſt fourefoot. This made vs to conſider what was to be done. I reſolued to heue out all the Ballaſt: for that the bottome of her being ſo foakt all the winter, I hoped was ſo heauy,that it would beare her. If we could not get her off that way, I then thought to cut her downe to the lower decke, and take out her Maſts: and ſo with our Caske to Buoy her off. The ninth, betimes in the morning wee fell to worke, we hoyſt outour Beere and Cydar, and made a raft of it; faftning it to our ſhoare-Anker: The Beere and Cydar ſunke prefently to the ground: which was nothing ſtrange to vs; for that any wood or pipe-ftaues that had layne vnder the Ice all the winter, would alſo ſinke downe, ſo ſoone as euer it was heaued ouer-boord: This day we heaued out tenne tunne of Ballaſt. And here I am to remember Gods good- neffe towards vs: in fending thoſe forementioned greene Vetches. For now our feeble ficke men, that could not for their liues ſtirre theſe two or three months, can indure the ayre and walke about the houſe : our other ficke men gather ſtrength alſo: and it is wonderfull to ſee how ſoone they were recouered. Wevſed them in this manner : Twice a day we went to gather the herbc or leafe of theſe Vetches, as they firſt appeared out of the ground: then did we waſh and boyle them, and fo with Oyle and Vineger that had been fro- zen, we did eate them : It was an excellent ſuſtenance and refreſhing: the moſt part of vs ate nothing elſe: we would likewiſe bruiſe them, and take the luyce of them, and mixe that with our drinke: we would eate them raw alſo, with our bread. The eleuenth was very warme weather, and we did hang our The Wintering. 81 13° 14 our Rudder. The tydes did now very much deceive vs : for a Northerly wind would very little raiſe the water. This made vs doubt of getting off our Ship. The thirteenth I refolucd of the Latitude of this place, ſo that hauing examined the Inſtruments, and practiſed about it this Fortnight, I now found it to be in 52 degrees, and 3 minutes. The foureteenth wee had heaued out all the Ballaſt, and carried all our Yards, and cuery thing elſe of weight a- Shoare, ſo that we now had the ſhip as light as poſſible it could be. The fifteenth we did little but exerciſe our felues: fece ing that by thistime, our men that were moſt feeble, are now growne ſtrong, and can ranne about. The Aeſh of their gummes became ſettled againe, and their teeth faſtned: fo that they can eate Beefe with their Vetches. This day I went to our Watch-tree: but the Sea (for any thing I could perceiuc to the contrary) was ſtill firme frozen: and the Bay we were in, all full of Ice, hauing no way to vent it. The fixteenth was wondrous hot, with ſome thunder and lightning, ſo that our mendid goe into the ponds afhcare, to ſwimme and coole themſelues: yet was the water very cold ſtill. Here had lately appeared diuers forts of flyes: as Butterflyes, Batchers-flyes, Horſeflyes : and ſuch an infinit abundance of bloud-thirſty Muskitoes, that we were more tormented with them, then euer we were with the cold wea- ther. Theſe (I thinke ) lye dead in the old rotten wood all the winter, and in ſummer they reuiue againe. Here be like- wiſe infinite company of Ants, and Frogs in the ponds vp- on the land: but we durft not eate of them; they lookt ſo ſpeckled like Toads. By this time were there neither Beares, Foxes, nor Fowle to be ſeene: they are all gone. The feuenteenth, the wind came Northerly, and wee ex- pecting a high Tyde, in the morning berimes, put out our ſmall Cable afterne out at the Gun-roome-port : but the morning Tyde we had not water by a foot. In the Euening I had 16 17. L 82 The Wintering 18. 2 I had laid markes, by ſtones, &c. and mee thoughts the water did flow apace. Making ſignes therefore for the Boate to come alhoare , I tooke all that were able to doe any thing with me aboord: and at high water (although ſhe wanted ſomething to riſe deere out of her docke)yet we heau'd with ſuch a good will, that we heaued her thorow the fand into a foot and a halfe deeper water. Further then ſo, we durſt not yet bring her, for that the Ice was all thicke about vs. After we had moord her, we went all to prayers : and gaue God thankes, that had giuen vs our fhip againe. The 18th. We were vp betimes : the Cooper, and ſome with him, to fill freſh water: my felfe with ſome others, to gather ftones at low-water ; which we pyling vp in a heape, at high water the Cock-fwaine and his Ging, fercht them aboord: where the Maſter with the reſt ſtood them. The Ship at low water had a great luft to the offing: by which meanes we could the better come and ſtop the two vpper holes firmely: after which we fitted other conuenient places, to make others to finke her, if occaſion were. The ninteenth, we were all vp betimes to worke, as a- fore fpecified: theſe two dayes, our Ship did not fleet: and it was a happy houre, when we got her off, for that we neuer had ſuch a high Tyde all the time we were here. In the Euening, I went vp to our Warch trees and this was the firſt cime I could ſee any open water, any way: except that liccle by the fhoareſide, where we were. This put vs in fome comfort, that the Sea would ſhortly breake vp: which wee knew muſt bee to the Northward; ſeeing that way / we were certaine, there was aboue two hundered leagues of Sca. The 20. we labolired as aforeſaid. The winde at N.N.W. The tyde roſe ſo high, that our Ship fleeted, and we drew her further off, into a foote and a halfe deepe water. Thus we did it by little and little; for that the Ice was ſtill won- derfull thicke about vs. The 22. there droue much Ice about vs, and within ys, and brought home our Sterne-Anker. At high water (notwith- ſtanding 19. 22. The Wintering. 83 23. ſtanding all the Ice) we heau'd our Ship further off: that fo ſhe might lie aflote at low-water. The next low-water, we founded all about the Ship: and found it very foule ground, we diſcouered ſtones 3. foote high,aboue the ground, and 2. of them within a Ships breadth of the Ship: whereby did more manifeſtly appeare Gods mercies to vs: for if when we forced her aſhoare, ſhe had ſtrooken one blow againſt thoſe ſtones, it had bulged her. Many ſuch dangers were there in this Bay: which we now firſt perceiued, by the Ices grounding and riſing againſt them. In the Euening, we tow'd off the ship, vnto the place ſhe rid the laſt yeere, and there moord her. Shering the Ship, night and day, food and ebbe, amongſt the diſperſt Ice that came athwart of vs.de The 23. we laboured in fetching our prouiſions aboord: which to doe, we were faine to wade to carry it to the boate a full flight-ſhor: and all by reaſon the winde was Southerly, This morning, I tooke an Obſervation of the Moones com- ming to the South, by a Meridian line of 120. yards long: which I had rectified many weeks before-hand. The 24. I tooke another obferuation of the Moones com- ming to the Meridian: for which I referre you to the ob- ſeruations in the latter end of this Iournall. 2. Whereas I had formerly cut downe a very high tree, and made a Crofſe of it, to it I now faſtened (vppermoſt) the Kings and Queencs Maieſties Pictures; drawne to the life: and doubly wrapt in lead, and ſo cloſe, that no weather could hurt them. Betwixt both theſe I affixed his Maieſties Royall Title: Viz, Charles the firſt King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland: as alſo of New-found-land, and of theſe Territories, and to the Weſtward, as farre as Nova e Albion, and to the Northward to the Latitude of 80. degrees, &c. s. On the out-ſide of the lead, I faſtened a ſhilling and a fixe- pence of his Maiefties Coyne: vnder that, we faſtened the Kings Armes, fairely cut in lead: and vnder that, the Armes of the City of Briſtoll. And this being Midfummer-Day, we raiſed it on the top of the bare Hill, where we had buried L 2 24. OUS 84 The Wintering 25. our dead fellowes : formally by this ceremony taking poffef- fion of theſe Territories to his Maieſties vſe. The winde continuing Southerly and blowing hard, put all the Ice vpon vs : ſo that the Ship now rid amongſt it, i ' ſuch apparent danger, that I thought verily we ſhould haue loſt her. We laboured, flood and ebbe, both with poles and oares, to heaue away and part the Ice from her. But it was God that did protect and preſerue vs : for it was paſt any mans vnderſtanding, how the Ship could indure it, or we by our labour faue her. In the night, the winde ſhifted to the Weſtward, and blew the Ice from vs : whereby we had fome reft. The 25. in the moming, the Boate-ſwayne with a conue- nient crue with him, began to rigge the Ship: the reſt fetch- ing our prouiſions aboord. About 10. a clocke, when it was ſomething darke, I tooke a Lance in my hand; and one with me with a Musket and fome fire, and went to our watch-tree; to make a fire on the eminenteſt place of the Iland: to ſee if it would be anfwered : Such fires I had formerly made, to haue knowledge if there were any Saluages on the maine or the Ilands about vs. Had there beene any, my purpoſe was to haue gone to them, to get ſome intelligence of ſome Chriſtie ans, or fome Ocean Sea thereabouts. When I was come to the tree, I laid downe my Lance, and ſo did my Confort his Musket: and whileft my felfe climed vp to the top of the tree, I ordered him to put fire vnto fome low tree therabouts. He, (vnaduiſedly ) put fire to ſome trees that were to wind- ward: ſo that they (and all the reſt too by reaſon it had beene very hot weather) being ſeare and dry, tooke fire like flaxe or hempe: and the wind blowing the fire towards me, I made hafte down the tree. But before I was halfe way down, the fire rooke in the bottome of it, and blazed ſo fiercely vpwards, that I was faine to leape off the tree, and downe a ſteepe hill, and in briefe, with much adoe, eſcapr burning. The moffe on the ground was as dry as flaxe : and it would runne moſt ſtrangely, and like a trainic along the earth. The Musket and the Lance were both burnt. My Conſort at laſt came The Wintering 85 came to me, and was ioyfull to ſee me: for he thought veri- ly I had bin burned. And thus we went homeward together, leauing the fire increaſing, and ſtill burning moſt furiouſly. We could ſeeno anſwer of it. I ſlept but little all night after: and at breake of day, I made all our Powder and Beefe, to be carried aboord. This day, I went to the hils, to looke to the fire: where I ſaw how it did ſtill burne moſt furiouſly : both to the Weſtward, and Northward : leauing one vpon the hils to watch it, I came home immediately, and made them take downe our new ſuite of ſayles, and carry them to the ſeas-lide, ready to be caſt in, if occaſion were, and to make hafte to take downe our houſes. About noone, the winde ſhifted Northerly; and our Sentinell came running home, bringing vs word that the fire did follow him at hard heeles, like a traine of powder. It was no need to bid vs take downe and carry all away to the ſea-ſide. The fire came towards vs with a moſt terrible rattling noyſe: bearing a full mile in breadth : and by that time wee had vncouered our houſes and laid hand on, to carry away our laſt things : the fire was come to our Towne and feazed on it, and ( in a trice ) burnt it downe to the ground. We loſt nothing of any value in it: for we had brought it all away into a place of ſecurity. Our dogges, in this combuſtion, would fit downe on their tayles, and howle, and then runne into the Sea, on the ſhoalds, and there ſtay. The winde ſhifted Eaſterly: and the fire ranged to the Weſtward, ſeeking what it might deuoure. This night, we lay all together a- boord the Ship, and gaue God thankes, that had Shipt vs in her againe. 27. The twentie feuen, twentie eight, and twentie nine; wee Wrought hard, in fetching our things aboord, as likewiſe our water, which we maſt towe off with the ebbe, and bring it to the Ship with the flood. Morcouer, we muſt goe about the Eaſter-point for drift-wood:for our tooles were all ſo ſpent, that we could cut none. Wherefore, about ſome three dayes agone, I had cauſed our Pinnace to be fawed to pieces, and with that we ftowed our Caske, intending to bumc it at I 3 low 86 The Wintering low waters, and ſuch other times, as we could not worke in carrying things aboord. I employed the men in fetching ſtones: and we did build three Tombs ouer our three dead fellowes; filling them vp with fand in a decent and handſome faſhion. The leaſt Tombe, had two tunnes of ſtones about it. The thirtieth, we moſt earneſtly continued our labour : and brought our fayles to yard: and by eleuen a clocke at night had made a priddy Ship: meaning to haue finiſhed our buſi- nefſe with the weeke and the moneth, that fo we might the better ſolemnize the Sabbath aſhoare to morrow, and ſo rake leaue of our wintering Iland. The winde hath been variable a great while : and the Bayes are now ſo cleere of Ice, that we cannot ſee a piece of it: for it was all gone to the Northward. Hoping therefore that it giue content to ſome Readers: I will relate the manner of the breaking of it vp. It is firſt to be noted, that it doth not freeze ( naturally ) aboue fixe foot: the reſt, is by accident. Such is that Ice that you may fee here, fixe faddome thicke, This we had manifeſt proofe of, by our digging the Ice cut of the Ship: and by digging to our Ankers, before the Ice In May, when the heate increaſeth, it thawes firſt on the ſhoald by the ſhoare fide: which when it hath done round about, then the courſes of the tydes (as well by the ebbe and flood, as by their riſing and falling ) doe ſo ſhakethe maine Ice, that it cracks and breakes it. Thus, when it hath gotten roome for motion; then runnes one piece of it vpon ano- ther: and fo bruiſes and grinds it felfe againſt the ſhoalds and rocks, that it becomes abbreuiated, inſomuch that a Ship may haue well paſſage thorow it. Beſides this; much of it is thruſt vpon the ſhoalds, where it is much conſumed by the heate of the Sunne. The reaſon here in this Climate, is moſt vnnatu- rall: for in the day time, it will be extreme hor: yea not in- durable in the Sunne, which is, by reaſon that it is a fandy countrey. In the night againe, it will freeze an inch thicke in the ponds, and in the tubs about and in our houſe: And all this, towards the latter end of lune. The broke vp. The Wintering 87 The Muskitoes vpon our comming away, were moſt iu- tolerable. Wee tore an old Auncient in pieces, and made vs bagges of it to put our heads in : but it was no fortification againſt them. They would finde wayes and meanes to ſting vs, that our faces were fwolne hard out in pumples, which would ſo itch and ſmart, that we muſt needs rubbe and scare them. And thefe flyes, indeed, were more tormenting to vs, then all the cold we had heretofore indured. Iuly, 1633. The firſt of this month being Sunday,we were vpbetimes. And I cauſed our Ship to be adorned the beſt we could : our Ancient on the Poope, and the Kings Colours in the maine top. I had prouided a ſhort briefe of all the paſſages of our voyage to this day: I likewiſe wrote in what ſtate we were at preſent, and how I did intend to profecute the diſcouery, both to the Weſtward, and to the Southward, about this Iland. This Briefe diſcourſe I had concluded, with a requeſt to any Noble minded Trauaylor that ſhould take it downe, or come to the notice of it : that if we ſhould periſh in the Action, then to make our indeuours knowne to our Soue- raigne Lord the King. And thus with our Armes, Drumme and Colours, Cooke and Kettle, we went aſhoare, and firſt we marcht vp to our eminent Croffe,adioyning to which we had buried our dead fellowes. There we read morning pray- er, and then walked vp and downe till dinner time. After dinner we walkt to the higheſt Hils, to fee which way the fire had waſted. We deſeryed that it had conſumed to the Weſtward, fixteene miles at leaſt, and the whole bredth of the Iland: neere about our Croſſe and dead, it could not come: by reaſon it was a bare fandy Hill. After Euening prayer, I happened to walke alongſt the Beach fide: where I found an herbe refembling Scuruy-graffe. I made ſome to begathered : which weboyld with our meate to fupper : It was moſt excellent good, and farre better them our Vet- ches. After fupper we went all to feeke and gather more of it 3 88 The Wintering it: which we did, to the quantity of two buſhels which did afterwards much refreſh vs : And now the Sunne was ſet, and the Boat comnc afhoare for vs: whereupon we afſem- bled our felues together, and went vp to take the laſt view of our dead, and to looke vnto their Tombes, and other things: here leaning vpon mine arme,on one of their Tombes I vetered theſe lines, which though perchance they may pro- cure laughter in the wiſer fort (which I ſhall be glad of) they yet moued my young and tender-hearted companions at that cime with ſome compaſſion. And theſe they were. Were vnkind, vnleffe that I did ſhead, I And when my eyes be dry, I will not ceaſe In heart to pray, their bones may reſt in peace : Their better parts, (good foules) I know were giuen, With an intent they ſhould returne to heauen. Their lives they ſpent, to the laſt drop of bloud, Seeking Gods glory, and their Countries good, And as a valiant Souldier rather dyes, Then yeelds his courage to his Enemies : And ſtops their way, with his hew'd Aeſh, when death Hath quite depriu'd him of his ſtrength and breath: So haue they ſpent themſelues ; and here they lye, A famous marke of our Diſcouery. We that ſuruiue, perchance may end our dayes In ſome imployment meriting no praiſe; And in a dung-hill rot: when no man names The memory of vs, but to our ſhames. They haue out-liu'd this fears, and their braue ends, Will euerbean honour to their friends. Why drop ye fo, mine eyes? Nay rather powre My fad departure in a folemne ſhowre. The Winters cold, that lately froze our bloud, Now were it ſo extreme, might doethisgood, As make theſe teares, bright pearles: which I would lay, Tomb'd ſafely with you,till Doomes fatall day. That The Wintering 89 That in this Solitary place, where none Will euer come to breathe a figh or grone, Some remnant might be extant, of the true And faithfull loue, I euer tenderd you. Oh, reſt in peace, deare friends, and let it be No pride to ſay the fomertime part of me. What paine and anguiſh doth afflict the head, The heart and ſtomake, when the limbes are dead: Sogrieu'd, I kiſſe yourgraues : and vow to dye, A Foſter-father to your memory. Farewell. So faftning my briefe to the Croſſe,which was ſecurely wrapt vp in Lead: we preſently tooke Boat and departed: and neuer put foote more on that Iland. This Iland and all the reſt, (as likewiſe the maine) is a light white ſand; couered ouer with a white moſſe, and full of ſhrubs and low buſhes : excepting ſome bare hils, and other patches. In theſe bare places, the ſand will driue with the wind like duſt. It is very full of trees, as Spruſe and Juniper : but the biggeſt tree I faw, was but a foote and a halfe ouer. At our firſt comming hither, we ſaw ſome Deare and kild one: but neuer any ſince. Foxes, all the winter we ſaw many, and kild ſome dozen of them: but they went all away in May. Beares we faw but few, but kild none : we ſaw ſome other little bcaſts, In May there came fome fowle, as Duckes and Geeſe: of which we kild very few. White Partridges we ſaw; but in ſmall quantities: nor had we any ſhot,to ſhoot at them. Fiſh we could neuer fee any in the Sea: nor no bones of fiſh on the ſhoare fide : excepting a few Cockle-ſhels: and yet no- thing in them neither. Other things remarkable I haue before mentioned. M OVR 90 co OVR DISCOVERY and comming Home. a Inly, 1632. Vnday being the ſecond of July, we were vp betimes: about Stowing and fitting our Ship, and waying of our Ankers, which when the laſt was a-trippe, wee went to prayer, beſeeching God to continue his mer- cies to vs, and rendering him thanks for hauing thus reſtored vs.Our Ship we found no defect in; we had abun- dance of ſuch prouifions, as we brought out of England: and we were in indifferent health, and did gather ſtrength dai- ly. This being done, we wayed, and came cheerefully to fayle. The winde at North-weſt, bad to get away. Wherefore we ſtood ouer to Danby Iland, to take in more wood; and there to be ready to take the opportunitie of a faire winde. I went afhoare my ſelfe with the Boate: for that ſome of the com- pany had told me, they had ſeen ſome ſtakes the laſt yeer dro- uen into the ground. When we came aſhoare, whileft fome gatherd wood, I went to the place:where I found two ſtakes, drouen into the ground about a foote and a halfe, and fire. brands, where a fire had beene made by them. I puld vp the ſtakes, Our diſcouery and comming home. 91 3. ftakes, which were about the bigneſſe of my arme ; and they had beene cut ſharpe at the ends, with a hatchet, or ſome other good Iron toole, and driuen in as it were with the head of it. They were diſtant about a ſtones-throw, from the water fide, I could not conceive, to what purpoſe they ſhould be there ſer; vnleffe it were for ſome marke for boats. This did augment my deſire, to ſpeake with the Saluages: for without doubt they could haue giuen notice of ſome Chri- ſtians, with whom they had ſome commerce. About 4. in the Euening, I returned aboord with a boats lading of wood: and the winde fomething fauouring, we wayde; with our lead ſeeking out a Channell amongſt theſe perilous ſhoalds. In the Euening, the winde oppoſing it felfe; we came to Anker betwixt Charleton Iland, and that Iland we named the laſt yeere, (in memory of thar Honourable Gentleman Maſter Thomas Carie, one of the Bed-chamber to the King) Caries Iland: where werid all night. The 3. at breake of day, we wayde with a baro winde, and founding vp and downe for a Channell , we were many times in s.and 4 fad. water. The winde larging vpon vs, we ftood away Weft: by noone, we ſaw all Ice to the North-ward of vs. Indeauçuring, therefore, to compaſſe about the Weſter- point of Charleton Iland : and ſo to ſeeke to the South- ward: We found it all ſhoalds, Rockes,and breaches. By 4. in the afternoone , we ſaw the Weſtern-land; but all full of Ice: whereupon, as the wind fauoured vs, we ſtood alongſt it in ſight to the North-ward. The fourth was calme, but fo very thicke fogge withall , that we could not ſee a Piſtoll-fhot about vs. Wherefore we came to an Anker, and there rid all this day and the next night The fift, at three in the morning, we waide: but Ice being all about vs, we knew not which way to turne vs now to avoide telling the ſame thing 20 times: We were continually, till the 22. ſo peſtered and tormented with Ice; that it would ſeeme incredible to relate it: ſometimes we were fo blinded with fogge, that we could not ſee about vs : and be- M2 ing 4. 5. 92 Our diſcouery and comming home. ing now become wilfull in our indeauours, we ſhould fo ftrike againſt the Ice, that the fore-part of the Ship would cracke againe; and make our Cooke and others to runne vp all amazed, and thinke the Ship had beene beaten all to pie- ces. Indeed we did hourely ſtrike ſuch vnauoidable blowes, that we did leaue the hatches open, and 20. times in a day, the men would runne downe into the hold, to ſee if ſhee were bulged. Sometimes, when we had made her faſt in the night, to a great piece of Ice; we ſhould haue fúch violent ſtormes, that our faſtning would breake: and then the ſtorme would beate vs from piece to piece moft fearefully : Other-while, we ſhould be faſt incloſed amongſt great Ice, as high as our poope. This was made ( as I haue formerly ſaid ) by one piece running vpon another : which made it draw 8. or 10. fad. water. Beſides which, the lower-moſt would riſe from vnderneath, and ſtrike vs vnder the bulge, with pieces of 5.6. yea of 8. tunne, that many times we haue pumpt cleere water for an houre together, before we could make the pumpe ſucke. Amongſt thefe feuerall and hourely, dangers, I ouer-heard the men murmure; and ſay that they were happy that I had buried : and that if they had a thouſand pounds, they would giue it, ſo they lay fairely by them : for we (ſay they) are deſtined to ſtarue vpon a piece of Ice. I was faine to indure all this with patience : and to comfort them vp againe, when I had them in a better humour. The 22. hauing beene vext with a ſtorme all laſt night,and this morning with a thicke fogge; we droue in 13. faddome water. About noone, it cleerd; and we ſaw the land : andat the inſtant, had a good obferuation: whereby we knew it to be Cape Henrietta Maria. I made the Maſter ſtand in with it; and in the meane time we fitted a Croffe, and faſtened the King's Armes, and the Armes of the City of Briffoll to it; we came to an Anker within a mile of the ſhoare, in 6. fadd. water: ſo we hoyſt out the boate, and tooke our Armés and our Dogs, and went afhoare. Vpon the moft eminent place, we erected the Croſſes and then ſeeking about , we ſoone faw Our diſcouery and comming home. 93 faw fome Deere; and by and by more and more. We ſtole to them with the beſt skill we had, and then put our Dogs on them: but the Deere ranne cleere away from them at plea- fure. We tyred the Dogs, and wearied our ſelues, but to no purpoſe: neither could we come to ſhoote at them. I faw in all , about a dozen (old and young) very goodly beaſts. We tooke halfe a doozen young Geeſe, on the pooles, by wading in to them; and ſo returned to our Boate vext, that now we had found a place where there was refreſhing, and we could get none of it. Whereas, therefore, we had kept our Dogs with a great deale of inconuenience aboord the Ship, all the winter ; and had pardoned them many miſde- meanors, ( for they would ſteale our meate out of the ſteeping tubs) in hope they might hereafter doe vs ſome feruice: and ſeeing they now did not; and that there was no hope they could hereafter: I cauſed them to be left afhoare. They were a Dogge and a Bitch: Bucke Dogs, of a very good race. The Dogge had a collar about his necke, which it may be hereafter, may come to light. I did ſee no ſigne at all, of any Saluages : nor could we finde any hearbs, or other refreſh- ing here. In the Euening, (being returned aboord) and the winde blowing faire at South; I cauſed the Maſter to weigh, and come to faile, and to loſe no time. For we did hope for an open Sea to the North-weſt. This Cape hath a very ſhoald point, that lies offit: which we indeavoured to compaffe abour. Sayling therefore amongſt ſhattered Ice , we came to very ſhoald water,(4.and s. faddome deepe )and could not auoyde it. At length, ſtanding North, the water deepened; but we came withall amongſt great pieces of Ice; which by reaſon of ſome open water, there went a pretty fca. Theſe hard pieces of Ice, made a moſt fearefull noyfe. It proued a faire Moone-ſhine night: otherwiſe it had gone ill with vs. We turned amongſt this Ice, ſtaying the Ship fometimes within her length, of great pieces, as bad as Rockes: but by reaſon we were often forſt to beare vp, we did ſagge vpon the mainc M 3 94 Our diſcouery and comming home. maine rand of Ice, and that we thought would it be worſe for vs; wce let fall an Anker, and ſtood all on the decks to watch the Ices ſheering of the Ship, ( to and againe ) to a- uoyd it. Thus hauing poles and oares to fend it, we could not keepe our felues ſo cleere, but many pieces came foule of vs. We brake two of our great poles with it : which were made to be handled by foure men,beſides fome other dammages. At breake of day, we wayed; and fought all wayes to cleere our felues of Ice: but it was impoſible. I conceiue it imperti- nent to relate euery particular dayes paſſages ; which was much alike to vs. Our endeauours were ſometimes with our ſayles ; giuing and receiuing 500, fearefull blowes in a day. Sometimes, we would ſtopat an Anker, when we could get a little open water: and fo ſuffer the Ice to driue to Leewards Other-whiles, we ſhould be incloſed amongſt it; and then it would ſo breake, and riſe, and leape vp vnder vs ; that we ex- pected to be beaten euery houre to pieces. Moreouer, wee ſhould haue ſuch ſtormes in the darke nights, that would breake the moorings we had made faſt to ſome piece of Ice for ſecuritie in the night feaſon: and then we ſhould beat moſt dangerouſly from picce to piece till day- light, that we could fee to make her faſt againe. I forbeare to ſpeake of thicke fogges which we had daily; which did freeze our Rigging day and night: Beſides all which, wee ſhould come into moſt vncertaine depths: ſometimes 20. faddome : next caſt 10. next 15. then 9. Rocky fouleground. The great deepe Ice withall, driuing on theſe vncertaine depths, did fo diſtract the rydes, and deceiue vs ſo much in our accounts, that by the thirtieth we were driuen backe ſo farre, to the Eaſtward, andto the Southward of the Cape; that at fiue a clocke in the eliening, it bare North-weſt of vs fome three leagues off, contrary to our expectations. With all theſe miſchiefes, our Ship is now becomne very leaky that we muſt pumpe euery halfe warch. Here I called a con- fultation: and after confideration of all our experience, we were all of the ſame opinion ; that it was impoſſible to get to the Northward, or to the Eaſtward ; by reafon of the Ice. Where 30. Our diſcouery and comming home. 95 Wherefore I reſolued vpon this courſe: When the winde blew South, it would blow the Ice off the South ſhoare, then we would ſeeke to get to the Weſtward, betwixt it and the ſhoare. I muſt confeffe that this was a deſperate reſolution: for all the coaſt we knew to be ſhoald and foule ground, all rocks, and ſtones: ſo that if the winde ſhould ſhift to the Northward, there would be (without Gods mercies ) little hope of vs. But here we muſt not ſtay: The nights grew long; the cold ſo increaſed, that betwixt the pieces of Ice, the Sea would be frozen. I cauſed the Ship to be fitted, and places conuenient againe prepared to finke her the ſecond time, if ſo be we were put to extremities. We preſently put our proiect in execution ( the winde being at South ) and got about the ſhoalds of the Cape; ſtanding then into the ſhoare- ward, to get betwixt it and the Ice: we came into foure fad- dome water ( very foule rocky ground) thinking to come to an Anker all night, and let the Ice driue to Leeward. But ſtill there was fo much Ice betwixt vs and the ſhoare, that we were faine to beare vp amongſt it into deeper water, and to let the Ship drive amongſt it. The winde increafing, we en- dured a moſt dangerous darke night of it. In the morning, we fell to worke, to get the ship againe out of the Ice into fome cleere water, which we faw Weſt by South of vs. Some of our company out vpon the Ice, to heaue her with their ſhoulders : whileft others ftood aboord with poles. The reſt ſtood to ſpill and fill the fayle. By nine in the mor- ning, we had gotten into fome cleere water : and ſtood Weft and by South ; and into foure faddome water, foule ground. But being not able to weather fome rands of Ice, which did driue; wee were faine to ſtand off againe, and when the euening grew darke ) to come to an Anker. About midnight, there came a great piece of Ice, (which we could not auoyd) athwart of our Cable; and made the Ship driueand dragge her Anker. This droue her into ſhoald water, it being very rocky and foule ground. We brought the Cable to Capſtang, and heau'd with fach a courage, that we heau'd home our Anker from vnder ir. Thus we did endeauour 96 Our diſcouery and comming home. endeauour (the beſt we could) to keep our ſelues in eight and tenfaddome water. It then pleaſed God, that the wind blew alongſt the ſhoare: otherwiſe it had gone far worſe with vs. I. Auguft. 1632. The firſt of this moneth at breake of day, when we could ſee a little about vs, we fell to ſtruggle and ſtrive againe with the Ice; and to get in neerer to the ſhoare. There, by reaſon the winde was oppoſite to come to an Anker, we letthe Ice driue to Leeward: hoping that there was a cleere Sea to the Weſtward. The Ice droue very thicke vpon vs,and one piece came foule of vs; which did touch our Spreet-ſayle Yard, and made the Ship drive: But we ſoone cleered our ſelues of it. Then we wayed, and ſtood in neerer to the ſhoare: but the water ſhoalded, and there were ſo many great rands of Ice betwixt vs and the ſhoare, that there was no comming to an Anker. So wee turned betwixt the Ice: many pieces of it being aground in ſhoald water; and few pieces diſtant onc from the other a Cables length. This day, we ſaw two Sea Morſes on the Ice. The ſecond in the morning, we were glad of the breake of day: hauing moſt dangerouſly turn d amongſt the Ice all night and endured many a heauy blow. We ſtood in againe to the ſhoare-ward; to ſee if we could get ſome cleere water : for to the Northward it was all impaſſable Ice. We ſtood into fiue aad foure faddome : but ſtill all incompaft with Ice. So we ſtood off againe into deeper water: and in the Eue- ning we were incloſed amongſt extraordinary great pieces. It was a very thicke fogge withall: ſo that we made faſt the Ship to a great flat piece, and went to ſleepe and refreſh our ſelues after our extreme painestaking. The third, fourth and fift, wee were inclofd amongſt very great Ice: and it blew ſuch a ſtorme of winde, that we ſometimes indeuouring to get forward to the Weſtward, did ſtrike ſuch heauy blowes, that made all the forepart of the Ship cracke againe. Then we would giue ouer working and 3.4.&5. Our diſcouery and comming home. 97 5. 6. and lether alone amongſt it; but then the Ice would brcake and riſe vnder vs, that would indangeras bad vs as the former. Our ſhip doth make aboue a tun of water euery watch, which we muſt pumpe out, beſide our other labour. God thinke on vs,and be mercifull to vs amongſt all theſe dangers. The fift at noone, we were in Latitude 55.30. The Cape bearing off vs South-Eaſt, by Eaſt, fome twelue leagues off. And this is all we haue gorten, ſince the two and twentieth of Iuly. All night itblew a violent gale of wind, at Weſt, North-Weſt: and about midnight, our hawſer (by which we had made faft to a piece of Ice ) broke, and we loft faddome of it. We beat all night moſt fearefully, being toſt from piece to piece, becauſe that in the darke we durft not venture our men to goc forth on the Ice, for fcare of loſing them. All the fixth, the ſtorme indured, and droue vs againe with the Ice, almoſt to the Cape. The ſcuenth was the moſt comfortableſt day wee had, ſince we came out of our wintering place; the wind came vp faire at Eaſt; and we got (although with our former in- conueniences and dangers) neerer to the ſhoare, and into ſome open water, making good way to the Weſt-ward. Moreouer, our leake now ſtopt of its owne accord: fo that now we pumpt but little. We fayld all night; keeping good watch on the forecaſtell : bearing vp for one, and looffing for another. Thusdid we the eighth alſo, but then the wind ſhifting to the North-weſt, it droue the Ice on the ſhoare : and we came to an Anker, in eight faddom water. The maine Ice, we had ſome two mile to windward of vs: but the ſet of the tyde kept it off from vs. At noone we were in Latitude 55.34. În the Euening, a range of Ice droue on vs, which made vs weigh, and ſtand in neerer the fhoare, into fixe faddom, and there to come to an Anker. The wind increaſingabout midnight, the Ship did drive, and was quickely in fiuc faddom water: wherefore wee let fall our Shoot-Anker; and both held her. But chat chat trov- N bled 70 98 Our diſcovery and comming home. bled vs, was, that we expected euery minute, when the maine Ice would come vpon vs : and then there would be no hope, but to be put afhoare. The ninth, in the morning, we waide our ſecond Anker: the Ice being within leſſe then a mile of vs. About eight in the morning,a point of it came foule of vs : which we pre- uented, by waying, and came to an Anker in three faddom and a halfe water. The wind continued North North-Weſt, which was in on the ſhoare. This morning, I cauſed all our empty Caske to be fild with water, and the Ship to be left vnpumpt : and the places lookt to, that we had prepared to finke her. For we were at preſent in as apparent danger, as any time this voyage: and (to our great griefes) it was alf foule rocky ground. The danger of this was, if we made faſt to a piece of Ice that drew deepe water; then, as ſoone as it came to ground on theſe rockes, it would breake all to pieces, and betray vs to our deſtruction. About noone, there came foule of vs the point of a range of Ice; which were- folued to indure the extremity of, with an Anker: thinking to ride, and breake through it, we now perceiuing ſome o- pen water beyond it. Thruſting therefore, and fending with our poles ; at laſt a great piece came thwart our hawfer, and there went a pretty Sea amongſt it. The Ship did now fall vpon it fo violently, that I expected euery blow, ſhe would beate our herbowes. At length, ſhe did drive with it, ſo that I thought the Cable had bin broken. We brought it to Cap- ftang to hcaue it in: but found that our Shoote-Anker was broken in the middle of the ſhanke. We preſently ſet our fayles thereupon : indeuouring that way to edge in amongſt the Ice off of this perilous ſhoare. It pleafed God to fauour our labour fo, that by eight in the Euening wee got off into ſeuen faddom : anda darke night comming on, we made faſt to the biggeſt piece we could find. It blew fairely all night : but about midnight, the wind came vp at North, which was more on the ſhoare then before. By breake of day, on the tenth, we were driuen into foure faddom, very foule ground: ſo that the lead did fall off the rocks three or foure foote, Our diſcouery and comming home. 99 II. we ſet our failes, and vſed our vttermoft indeuours to edge off. Some of vs went vpon the Ice to hale her: others ſtood with poles to thruſt by night. At night we had gotten off, into eight faddom: and made faſt to the biggeſt piece we could find. If any man ſhould aske why we now kept ſo neere to the ſhoare, in this contingall danger: I anſwer ; Be- cauſe that in the offing, the Ice was ſo extraordinary thicke, that we could make no way, any way through it. Morcouer, when we were in that great thicke Ice, and that the winde came vpfaire at South or South-Eaſt or Eaſt, we could not get out of it. Wherefore we choſe to runne this aduenture; and fo preuent and ouercome all dangers with Gods aſſiſtance and our extreme labour. The eleuenth in the morning was a thickefog: yet there ſprung vp a gale of wind at Eaſt: and we made in for the ſhoare. From the eleuenth till the foureteenth, the winde conti- nued faire : and we made all the faile we could (nightand day) as the Ice would ſuffer vs. We had the ſhoare in fight by day, on one ſide, and the Ice within two miles, on the o- ther: and we faild amongſt difperft pieces; luffing for one, and bearing vp for another. The 14. at noone, we were in Latitude 57.55. In the Eue- ning, we were imbayed in Ice; and ſtood S. W. to cleere our felues of it, but could not. But ſeeing from top-maſt head, cleere water over it, we put into it: but there roſe a very thicke fogge, and night came on withall,that we were faine to faſt to a piece of Ice, expecting day and better weather. The 15. in the morning, (although the fogge was very thicke) we indeauoured to get out of the Ice, and ſtood a- way Weft: but within 2. houres the water ſhoalded from 40. faddome to 25. whereby we knew that we had the ſhoal- ding of the Weſtern-ſhoare. Then we fhapte our courſe to the Northward; the fogge continuing fo thicke, that we could not ſee a Piſtoll-fhot about vs. We had not ſtood this way 2. houres, but we heard the rut of the Ice a-head of which made the moſt hideous noyſe, of any we had N2 heard 14. VS, 100 O#diſcouery and comming home. 16, heard this voyage. We had our tackes aboord, and ſtood to the Weſt-ward, in this day darkneſſe : hearing of it ſome- times, and ſometimes ſeeing of it: which was very large deepe, and high Ice , aboue the warer. We weathered it all except ſome few pieces, and got into open water. About Sunne-ſet, there came a ſudden guſt at N. N.W. and before we could handle our ſayles, it was with vs, and put vs to ſome trouble. It dallied with vs by guſts, till 9. a clocke: and then it fell into a moſt violent ſtorme. We conſidered where we might haue the cleereſt drift: and fo tooke in all, and let her driue, her head to the ſhoare-ward. Before mid-night, the water ſhoalded on ys, to 15. fadd. Then we turned her head to the Eaſtward : and ſet our maine Courſe low fet, but as much as ſhe could indure. The water deepned but little ; and we knew that we were on thoſe rockie ſhoalds, which we ſtrooke on the laſt yeere. Godbe mercifull to vs. Here was the firſt great breaking Sea that we had this yeere. The 16. in the morning, we were driuen to a great Rand of Ice; to avoyde which, we ſet our fore-courſe too: and ſtood to the ſhoarc-ward, in 13. fad. water : and then about againe. We ſtood in, a mile into the Ice: but there went ſuch a great ſwelling Sea in it, that it was not indurable : ſo we ſtood out againe. About 3. a clocke in the afternoone, the ſtorme broke vp; and blew faire at N. W, which prooued good for vs: for we had not drift for 4. houres : Beſides, it was but 9. leagues betwixt the ſhoalds and the Ice. We ſet all our ſayles, and indeanoured to weather the Ice : but in the Euening we were ſtill peſtered with it. By mid-night, we knew not which way to turne; nor what to doe: ſo we tooke in all our fayles, and let her driue amongſt it. The Ice beat vs on enery ſide: for there went amongſt it a very great full Sea. The 17. in the morning, when we could ſee about vs; We were in the middeſt of the Ice: but with the laſt ſtorme it was all broken into mammocks, as big as a boate of 3. or 4. Tunnes, which did giue vs many a heauy blow in the darke night. If this ſtorme had takep vs amongſt it, it had beaten VS Our diſcouery and comming home. IOI vs all to pieces, without Gods miraculous preſeruation. We made fayle, and indeauoured to cleere our ſelues of it to the North-ward, which by 8. in the morning, we had done. We then went to prayer, and gaue God hearty thankes, that had deliuered vs out of it. For we were hourely, for the ſpace of fixe weekes, as it were in the Iawes of death: yea neuer any (that I haue heard of) haue beene ſo long, in ſuch long nights, vpon a foule ſhoald ſhoare, tormented with Ice, as we haue now beene. At noone we were in Latitude 58. 20. Now as touching the diffolution or ruining of the Ice; we found that this ſtorme had torne and fhattered this Rande of Ice, which was on the outſide : although it muſt hauc a long time, to worke into the maine body of it. I haue in Inly, and in the beginning of Auguſt, taken ſome of the Ice into the Ship; and cut it ſquare, 2.foote, and put it into the boate, where the Sunne did ſhine on it with a very ſtrong reflexe about it. And notwithſtanding the warmth of the Ship: (for we kept a good fire) and all our breathings, and motions; it would not melt, in 8.or 10 dayes. It was our practice when we ſhould be two dayes toge- ther faſt to a piece of Ice, to ſet markes on it, to ſee how it did conſume: but it yeelded vs finall hope of diffoluing. We could not in that time, perceive any diminution by the finking of it or otherwiſe. Neuertheleffe, I thinke that it is ruined with ſtormes, or conſumed with heate ſome yeeres : or elſe the Bay would be fild choke-full: But I confeſſe , that theſe ſecrets of nature are past my appre- henſion. Being out of it (but no otherwaies then that we yet ſaw it from off the deckes, all to the Eaſtward) I ordered the Ma- fter to ſtere away North and by Eaſt, keeping the ſhoalding of the Weſter-ſhoare. The 18. at noone, we were in Latitude 59.30. The 19. we continued our courſe betwixt the N.N.E. and the N. by E. and at noone were in Lat. 61. 7. fome 12. leagues off the ſhoare. I ordered the Maſter, to shape his courfc 18. 19. N 3 IO2 Our diſcouery and comming home, 20. 21. 22 23 courſe North-Eaſt, to looke to that place betwixt Caries Swans-neft, and Ne vlera. The 20. We were in Latitude 61. 45. This day we ſaw ſome few Seales about the Ship. The one and twentieth the water ſhoalded; ſo that we made account we did approach the land: but about noone, the wind came vp at N.E.our direct oppoſite. We looft as neere it as we could, and as it larg'd, we came to ſtand Eaſt, and Eaſt and by North. The two and twentieth, we fell with the land to the Weſt-ward of Caries Swans-neft : Where we had forty faddome, three leagues off. We ſtood in, within a league of the ſhoare , into thirteene faddome: and ſeeing the land to the South-ward of vs, we compaft about it: it be- ing Caries Swans-neft : which is in Latitude 52. degr. oo. Minutes. All the 23. we ſayled North-Eaſt; and for the moſt part in ſight of land. The foure and twentieth at noone, (by Tudgement) we were in Latitude 63.30. hauing fayld a North-Eaſt courſe. All this day was a very thicke fog : which about one a clocke,cleerd a little : ſo that I expected to ſee the land. Some of our men being better ſighted, ſpyed it out about ſome two leagues off from vs. I knew it could be no other then Not- tingham Iland : though it were ſomething contrary to the expectation of our beſt Marriners. We ſtood into it to make it. It was the North end of it: and it bare off vs, due Eaſt. I was ſoone affured of it; and I ordered the Maſter to ſhape his courſe North-Weſt, and by North. Both he and others were vnwilling : but without much adoe, ſubmitted them- ſelues: (how loch ſo cuer) for that it was ſo very foule thicke weather. The reaſons of my reſolution were theſe: The cime of the yeere was far ſpent; and the diſcommodities of Winter came vpon vs : and therefore would I make the ſhor- teſt way, betwixt the lands already diſcouered. If I foundan open Sea, I had my deſire and did then intend to proceed to the vttermoſt of our power: if we met with the land, I ſhould 24. Our diſcouery and comming home. 103 35. ſhould then finiſh the diſcouery: it being not paſſing fifteene leagues from land to land, and not paſſing tenne leagues from Nottingham Iland, to the maine of the North ſhoare. We made what ſayle we could ; it blowing a very ſtiffe gale of wind vntill eight in the Euening: then it began to blow fiercely: and we tooke in our topſayles, and ſtood vnder our two courſes and Bonnets. At nine, it blew a violent ſtorme at South, South-Eaſt, ſo that we tooke in our fore- faile, and let her driue North-Weſt. All the night it conti- nued an extraordinary ſtorme: ſo that we haued the Leade, euery halfe watch: But the Ship did driuc ſo faſt, that the would be paſt the Leade, before there was twenty faddom of line out, all the night being exceeding cold withall . The fiue and twentieth, the ſtorme continued in his vtter- moſt malice, and did fo perplexe vs, that there were but few that did ſleepe or eate a bit theſe twenty foure houres. A- bout fixe a clocke in the afternoone, the Storme began to ſlaken:yet blew there a fierce gale of wind betwixt the South and South-Weſt. We ſtood Weſt, North-Weſt, and made a North-Weſt way, when ſuddenly the Sca became very ſmooth. We reaſoned thereupon amongſt our ſelues, what might be the cauſe of it. VVe all thought it, to be the Lec- ward tyde; nothing doubting what afterwards we encoun- tered. The Ship had very quicke way in this ſmooth water. The fixe and twentieth, by two a clocke in the morning, we were ſuddenly come in amongſt the Ice: and it pleaſed God, that the Moone at the inſtant gaue vs ſo much light, that we could ſee a little about vs. We would haue ſtaid the Ship, but it was ſo thicke to wind-ward, and ſo neere vs, that we durſt not. Wee then bore vp in this vnexpected accident; and ( I verily beleeue ) did not ſcape ſtriking, the length of a foote, againſt the Ice as hard as rockes, two or three times : the Shippe now hauing way, after twelue leagues - a watch. Then wee ſtood cloſe by a wind to the Eaſtward; expecting day, that wee might ſee about vs. We could from top-malt head ſee the Ice to the North North-Weſt, the North-weſt and fo round about by the South, to the Eaſt, and 26. 104 Our diſcovery and comming home. and ſome there was to Leeward of vs. It was all Alat found Ice, in maine rands: and the Sea as ſmooth as a well amongſt it. This ſtrooke vs all into a dumpe: whereupon I called a conſultation of my Aſſociates : namely, Arthur Price, Ma- ſter: William Clements, Lieutenant; Ioh whittered, Ma- {ters Mate; Nathaniel Bilſon, Chirurgion; and Iohn Palmer, Boateſwayne : requiring them to aduife and counſell mee, how to proſecute our buſineſſe to effect. Theſe all went to- gether, and reaſoned amongſt themſelues; and then brought me their opinions in writing, vnder their hands: Videlicet, Our aduice is, that you repaire homeward, from this preſent twentie fixth: and that for theſe reaſons. Firſt, for that the nights are long and ſo extreme cold withall; that we can hardly handle our ſayles, and riggings. Secondly, the times are now ſubiect to ſtormy and guſty weather: as wit- neſſeth the preſent ſeaſon: it hauing continued a ſtorme eller ſince the twentie fourth, and doth yet continue, no weather to diſcouer in. Thirdly,we doubt whether Hudſons Straights be ſo cleere of Ice, that it may be paſſable in conuenient time: winter comming now on apace ) before webe frozen vp: ſeeing the Ice lyes here all ouer the Sea in rands and ranges. Fourthly, wee muſt haue a ſet of faire weather, to paſſe the Straight;which we may ſtay a long time;for,if weneglect the firſt opportunity.Fifty, for that our Shipis very leaky,ſo that in foule weather we are faine to pampe euery glaſſe: which is great labour. Moreouer, we know her to be fo ſorely brui- ſed with rocks, and blowes of the Ice; that ſhee is no more to be aduentur d amongſt it, but in fauing of our lives home- wards. Belides all this our men grow very wcake and ſickly, with extreme labour. Sixthly, the ſeaſon of the yeere is ſo farre ſpent, that we can expect no other weather, then we haue had; both lately and at preſent : That is to ſay, ſnow and fogge; freezing our rigging, and making eucry thing ſo flippery, that a man can (carce ſtand: And all this, with the winde Southerly; which if it ſhould come to the Northward; then we are to expc& farre worſe, Seuenthly and laſtly, that the Icelyes all in thicke rands Our diſcouery and comming home. 105 rands and ranges, in the very way we ſhould goe: as you and all men here may ſee. And therefore wee conclude, as a- foreſaid; That there is no poſſibilitie of proceeding further : wherefore we here counſell you to returne homeward: ho- ping that God will giue vs a fauourable paſſage, and returne vs home ſafe into our natiae countreys: If we take time,and not tempt him too farre, by our wilfulneſſe. Indeed moſt of theſe reaſons were in view; and I could not tell what to ſay to oppoſe them: no nor any reaſon could I giue, how we might proceed further : wherefore ( with a Torrow full heart, God knowes) Iconſented, that the helme ſhould bec borne vp, and a courſe ſhapte for England : well hoping, that his Maieſtie would graciouſly cenſure of my endeauours, and pardon my returne. And although wee haue not diſcouered populous kingdomes, and taken ſpeciall notice of their Magnificence, power, and policies, brought ſamples home of their riches and commodities: pryed into the myſteries of their trades, and traffique: nor made any great fight againſt the enemies of God and our Nation : yet I wiſh our willingneffe in theſe defart parts may be acceptable to our Readers. When we bore vp Helme, we were in lati- tude 65. 30. at leaſt; North-weſt and by North, from Not- tingham Iland. Some were of an opinion, that we were fur- ther to the Northward: but by reaſon it was by Iudgement, I choſe to ſer downe the leſſer diſtance. The twentie feuenth, the winde came vp at North-weſt: with which winde we could not haue gone on our deſigne. That winde made no great ſwelling Sea. By noone, we were athwart of Cape Charles : fo that we went in betwixt that Cape,and Mill Ilands. The laſt night it did ſnow very much; & was very cold:ſo that all our rigging & ſayles were frozen, and all the land couered ouer with ſnow. And here,(ſithence I haue formerly ſpoken that it ſnowes very much ) it will not be amiffe to conſider of the reaſons of it. When I was vpon Charleton Iland, (our wintering place ) and in Inne, when the ſnow was cleerelieſt gone off the ground ; I haue in the nights, 106 Our diſcouery and comming home. nights,(& ſome of them following the hotteſt dayes) obſera ued, whether there fell any dew or no: but I could neuer per- ceiue any,& (vnder correction of the learned)from moffe and fand, little (mee thoughts ) was to be expected. Now, of what was exhald from the ſnowy Ice, and cold Sea; could there probably be returned but the like againe. Generally, we continued on our courſe, blinded with foggie and durtie weather; and that, intermixt with ſnow, and froſt; a- mongſt diſperſt pieces of Ice: many of them higher then our Top-maft head. With great varietie of winds, we were alſo driuen with- in three leagues of both ſhoares : fo that the laſt of this moneth, we were in the narrow of the Straight : which is about fifteene leagues ouer: the South fhoare was much peſtred with Ice. September. 163 2. 1. & 2 3. The firſt, and ſecond,we continued our endeuour to get on our way. The third in the euening, as the weather cleered vp; we did ſee the South end of the Iland of Reſolution. Theſe three dayes and nights had beene extreme cold, with fogge and froſt: infomuch that our men in the euening, could hardly take in our Top-fayles and Spreet-fayle. We haue fayled thorow much mountainous Ice; farre higher then our Top-maft head. But this day we fayled by the higheſt that I euer yet faw: which was incredible, indeed, to be re- lated. Now as the winde comes Eaſterly, wee feele another Sea, out of the Occan, and the Ship labours with another motion, then ſhe hath done with any that euer we obferued, to come out of the Weſtward. From the third to the eighth, we had varietie of winds; and were gotten cleere out of the Straights: but were now comne into fuch a tumbling Sea, (the weather durtie and guftie, and by interims calme againe) that the Ship did fola- bour, and iowle, that we thought verily ſhee would haue rowled 2 Our diſcouery and comming home. 107 rowled her Maſts by the boord. This made her fo leaky, that we were faine to pumpe cuery glaffe: yea, her feames did ſo open aloft, that we lay all wet in her. This was the laſt day that we ſaw any Ice. The winde now fauouring vs; we made all the hafte we could home- ward. By the way, ( hauing endeauoured, obferued, and ex- perimented ſome things in my vnfortunate voyage ) I perfe- cted vp my faid obferuations: which being after commanded to publiſh; I here moſt fubmiffely offer ynto the Iudicious Readers : and raine our priuate opinion withall, concerning the faiſeableneſle of the Action intended; which was to finde a paſſage into the South Sea. What hath beene long agoe fabled by fome Porting ales, that ſhould haue comne this way out of the South Sea : the meere (haddowes of whoſe miſtaken Relations haue comne to vs: I leaue to be confuted by their owne vanitie. Theſe hopes haue ſtirred vp from time to time, the more active ſpirits of this our Kingdome, to reſearch that meerely ima- ginary paſſage. For mine owne part, I giue no credit to them at all; and as little to the vicious, and abufiue wits of later Portingals and Spaniards : who neuer ſpeake of any difficul- ties: as ſhoald water, Ice, nor fight of land: but as if they had beene brought home in a dreame or engine. And indeed their diſcourſes are found abſurd: and the plots, (by which ſome of them haue practiſed to deceiue the world ) meere falſities : making Sea where there is knowne to be maine land: and land, where is nothing but Sea. Moſt certaine it is, that by the onely induſtry of our owne Nation , thoſe Northerne parts of America haue beene dif- collered, to the Latitude of 80. degrees, and vpwards. And it hath beene ſo curiouſly done, ( the labours of feuerall men being ioyned together that the maine land hath beene both feene and ſearcht; and they haue brought this ſuppoſed paſſage to this paſſe; that it muſt be to the North, of fixty fixe degrees of Latitude. A cold Clyme, peſtered with Ice', and other diſcommodities, and where the Spaniards diſpo- 02 fitions, 108 Our diſcouery and comming home. fitions, and their weake Speeke Ships, can hardly long in dure it. And withall, it is thus knowne, that the entrance of Hudſons Straights is but 15. Icagues broad: in the mid- dle not ſo much. And betwixt Salisbury Iland, and the maine; that it is but 8. leagues. Then proceeding to the Northwards, towards the fore-mentioned Latitude: it is but 15. leagues from mayne to mayne. This in length, is but about a hun- dred and forty leagues : as may more plainely appeare by the Mappe. Moſt infinitely peſtered withall it is with the Ice, vntill Arguſt, and ſome yeeres not paffable then : yea I be- leeue the ſtraight is neuer cleere of Ice thorowly. Now moſt probable it is, that there is no paſſage: And that for theſe reaſons following. Firſt, that there is a conſtant Tyde flood and ebbe, ſetting into Hudſons Straights: the flood ftill comming from the Eaſt-ward: which as it proceedes, (correſpondent to the diſtance,) it alters his time of full fea. This alſo entering into Bayes, and broken ground, it becomes diſtracted, and reuerſes with halfe tydes. Secondly, here is no ſmall fiſh; as Cod, &c. and very few great ones, which are rarely to be ſeene. Nor are there any bones of Whales, Sea-horſes, or other great fiſh, to be found on the ſhoare: nor any drift-wood. Thirdly, that we found the Ice in the Latitude of 65.30. to be lying all ouer the ſea in randes : and I am moſt certaine, that the ſhoalds and ſhoald-Bayes are the mother of it. Had there now beene any Ocean beyond it, it would haue beene broke all to pieces : for ſo we found it comming thorow the Straight into the Sea, to the Eaſtward. Fourthly, the Ice ſeekes his way to the Eaſtward, and fo driues out at Hudfors Straight:which I haue often obferued being aland, vpon the Iland of Reſolution, and driuing amongſt the Ice in the Straight. Now admit there were a paſſage, yet is it knowne, thar it is partly narrow, for a hundred and forty leagues, and to be infinitely peftered with Ice withall:as euery one hane found, who Our diſcouery and comming home. I09 who haue gone that way. Comparing therefore ſome obſer- uation taken at Bantam, Gulolo, and at Firando in Iapan : and the diſtance betwixt Tapar and the Weſter-part of Cali- fornia : with the obferuations taken ar Charleton Iland, (re- ferring all to the Meridian of London) and then the diſtance betwixt the Meridians of Cape Charles , and the Weſter- part of Califurnis, will be found to be about soo. leagues, in the Latitude of 66.oc. where yet the Meridians incline very much together. To this may be added, that neere about Cape Charles, the variation is 29. degrees to the Weſt: which is a probable ar- gument, that there is much land to the Weſtward: and that this ſtraight muſt be very long, and that you haue no time to paffe it but in Auguſt and September: when the nights are ſo long, and the weather fo cold, that it will not bee indurable. Adde to this, That neither can any great Ships, which are fit for carrying of Marchandize, indure the Ice, and other diſ- commodities : without extraordinary danger. Moreouer a thouſand leagues is ſooner ſayled to the South- ward, and about the Cape de Bora Speranza, (where the winds are conſtant) and that with ſafety, then a hundred in theſe ſeas, where you muſt dayly runne the hazzard of loſing Ship and lives. Put hereunto, that comfort for the ſicke, or refreſhing for your men , here is none to be had in theſe quarters. Towards the latter end of Auguſt, and in September, the weather growes tempeſtuous, and the winds incline to be Weſterly, that there will be bat ſmall hope of performing your voyage this way. But let vs (by way of imagination oncly ) inlarge this Straight, in this Latitude ; and free it of Ice : yet what ad- uantage, in ſpeedy performance, will be gotten by this paf- ſage, if the winds be withall confidered? To Iapan, China, and the Northerne parts of Aſia, it may be the neerer cut : but in Nauigation, the fartheſt way about, is well knowne, in 03 IIO Our diſcouery and comming home. 22. in fewer dayes to be performed, yea with leſſer paines, and more ſafety of Ship and goods. Againe; to the Eaſt Indies, and other parts, where we haue the greateſt Commerce and imployment of ſhipping; the other way is as neere. What benefit of Trade might haue beene obtained in thoſe Northerne parts of Aſia, I will not preſume to ſpeake of: holding that there is a great difference betwixt thoſe parts, and the Northerne parts of America ; whereas I am ſure that there is none in any place where I haue beene, all this voyage. The two and twentieth of O&tober, we arrived in the Rode of Briſtoll: hauing been hindered and croſt with much contrary tempeſtuous windes and weather. The Ship being brought into Harbour, and halde dry aground to looke to her : it was there found; that all her Cut-water and Sterne were torne and beaten away, together with fourteene foote of her Keele; much of her ſheathing cut away: her bowes broken and bruiſed, and many timbers crackt within boord : and vnder the Star-boord bulge, a ſharpe Rocke bad cut thorow the ſheathing, the planke, and an inch and a halfe into a timber that it met withall. Many other defects there were beſides, ſo that it was miraculous how this veſſell could bring vs home againe. Being all here arriued; we went all to Church, and gaue God thankes for his preferuation of vs amidſt fo many dangers. I very well know, that what I haue here haſtily written, will neuer diſcourage any no- ble fpirit, that is minded to bring this ſo long tryed A- ction to abſolute effect. And it is likely withall, that there be fome, who have a better vnderſtanding, and a furer way of proſecuting of it, then my felfe haue. To whoſe deſignes I wiſh a happy fucceffe. And if they doe but make a reuiew of what hath beene done, and giue more certaine Coeleſtial! obfervations, Hydrographicall defcriptions, or exacter practice in Navigation: it will be a moſt commendable labour. For although I haue ſpent ſome yeeres of my ripeſt age, in pro- curing vaine intelligence from forraine Nations : and haue trauailed Our diſcovery and comming home. III trauailed vnto divers Honourable and Learned perſonages of this kingdome, for their inſtructions ; haue bought vp what- euer I could find in print, or manufcript, and what plot or pa- per ſoeuer conducing to this buſineſſe, that poſſibly I could procure; and haue ferued voluntary beſides; and ſpent ſome time in rendring a relation (ſince my comming home) and expended withall of my owne monies, in my foreſaid indea- uours, and in furniſhing of extraordinary neceffaries, abouie two hundred pounds in ready money : yet I repent not my felfe, but take a great deale of comfort and ioy, in that I am able to giue an account (in ſome reaſonable way) of thoſe parts of the world; which heretofore I was not ſo well ſatisfied in. FINIS. II2 THE COPIE OF THE Letter I left at CHARLETON, faſtened to the Croffe the firſt of July, 16 32. B E it knowne to any that ſhall haply arriue here, on this lland of Charleton: That whereas our Soueraigne Lord Charles the firſt, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the faith, &c. hauing a deſire to be certified, whether there were any paffage, or not, by the North-weſt or Northweſtward, thorow theſe Territories into the South Sea : Some of the better-minded Merchants, of the Worſhipfull Company of Merchant-ad- uenturers of the Citie of Briſtoll, to ſatisfie his Maieſtie there- in; did voluntarily offer to ſet forth a conuenient Ship for that purpoſe, well man'd, victualed, and furniſhed with all other neceſſaries. This free offer of theirs was not only com- mended; but graciouſly accepted of his Majeſtie. Where- upon, they fitted and furniſhed foorth a Ship, called the Henrietta Maria, of the burthen of feuentie Tuns, victualed for eighteene moneths. A number thought conuenient to mannage ſuch a buſineſle, was twentie two, whereof nine- teene were choice able men, two yonkers, and my vnwor- thy felfe their Commander. All which, the Briſtor Mera chants did moſt iudiciouſly and bountifully accommodate, and had in a readineſſe, the firſt of Muy, 1631. The third of May, webegan our Voyage out of the Rode of Briſtoll; commonly called Kings Rode : Paſſing about the Cape Cleere of Ireland, vpon many courſes, but reduced to a Weſt North-weſt, we ſayſed along and vpon the 4. of Inne, wee made the land of Groynland to the Northward of Cape Farewell: where for the ſpace of two dayes, we were dan- gerouſly ingagde amongſt the Ice. Being cleere of it,we dou- bled Cape Farewell to the Southward, and ſo continued our courfe 113 courſe to the Weſtward; continually fayling and thruſting the Ship thorow much Ice. The 19. of Iune,we made the Iland of Reſolutio:& endeuouring to cópaſſe about it to the Southward, we were taken with a ſtrong Weſterly wind, which droue the Ice,and it vs,vpon the ſhoare. In that diftreffe, (ſeeing it was broken grounds and maine inlets into it,) I ſent the Shallop to ſeek & ſound a place, for our refuge; but when ſhe was depar- ted, ſhe was in as great danger as we: and could not returne to vs,by reaſon of the Ice. We being now driuen very neere the rocks were faine to ſet our Sayles, and force the Ship into an o- pening: aduenturing her amongſt vnknowne dangers, to auoyd apparent;before we could moore her in a place(as we thought) fafe from danger. The 2 2.of Iune(this Inlet being full of ice,) that Ice vpon the ebbe, fo Tambde one piece into another, that it altred the ordinary courſe of it,& it came vpon the Ship,and put her againſt the rocks: notwithſtanding our vtmoſt reſi- ſtance. As the water ebd away, the Ship hungby the Keele vpon a rocke;and heeld to the Offing. As ſoone as we perceiued this, we made faſt fome Hawſers to her Maſts, and to the rocks,to hold her vpright. But all in vaine;fheeſunke ſtill, as the water ebb'd away: ſo that ſhe was fo turned ouer, that we could not ftand in her. Hercupon,we got all vpon a piece of Icc, looking vpon her,& praying God to be mercifull to vs. The rocke that ſhe hung vpon, was a little abaft the maine Maſt; which made her hang after the head: and ſhee funke ouer ſo much that the Porilaiſe of the Forecaſtell was in the water. At length, it plea- fed God, the flood came; before it had ebd ſo low as the tyde before and after by a foote: and the Ship roſe,and was ſafe and ſound. And thus were we miraculouſly delivered. With the firſt winde, we proceeded to the Weſtward:continually being peſired with ſo much Ice, that it was about the middle of Iuly, before we could attaine to Sár Dudly Digges Iland. And here Iwas put to my confideration : for whereas by my directi- ons, I was to ſearch eſpecially two places; cne from Digges Iland to the Northward; and fayling there, to goc to the Checks and Hubberts Hope, and ſo to ſearch it to the South- Р P. ward; 114 ward; I now finding the Sea much peſtred with Ice in the latitude of 64.00, and as farre as we could ſee to the North- ward; and that the time was ſo farre ſpeut, as that before I could do any thing that way,it would be Aug.& then as much trouble to returne againe to Digges Iland : and that by that time, the yeere would be ſo farre ſpent, the nights ſo long and cold; that I feard I ſhould be forced with ſhame to returne into England againe that yeere. Wherefore I tooke my way to the Weſtward, by Mansfields Iland; on which I landed twice,ſtill hindred and incumbred with Ice. Thence I procee- ded to the Weſtward; hoping for an open Sea in the Bay. We were there more troubled with Ice, then in any place be- fore : ſo that it was the eleuenth day of Auguft, before we had ſight of the Weſtern land; which we made in latitude 59.30. ſomething to the Southward of the Checkes. We were not able to attaine thither, by reaſon of the contrary winds and Ice: but were obferuant of the currant of the tydes: which after, by experience, we found to come from the Northward. We coaſted alongſt the ſhoare, in fight of land; and in 10. faddome water, to the Southward: and entred that Inlett, which heretofore was called Habberts Hope : which was the very place, where the paſſage ſhould be, as it was thought by the vnderſtandingeſt and learnedeft intelligencer of this buſineſfe in England. We fayld to the very bottome of it, into three faddom water : and found it to be a Bay of ſome 18. or 19. leagues deepe. From thence we proceeded to the Southward, in fight of land for the moſt part ; and although I was as carefull to keep the lead alwaies going (it blowing a freſh gale of winde, anda pretty bigge Sea) our depth 8.9. 10. faddome: yet before the lead was VP, the Ship ſtrook vpon a flat rocke: ( ſhe then being vnder foreſayle, fore top-ſayle, maine top-ſayle, and Spreerfayle) and gaue three fore knocks, and got ouer it. Being paft this danger, we proceeded, and paſt by Port Nelſon. Finding the land trend to the Eaſtward, wee began our diſcouery of it more carefully s becauſe that no man that euer I could heare or IIS or reade of) did euer ſee this land before. Wee ſtood into fixe and fiue faddome : for it is very low land, and trends for the moſt part Eaſt South-eaſt, and Eaſt by South. The fenen and twentieth of Auguſt, I entred vpon it, and in the name of the Merchants Aduenturers of Briſtol, tooke poſſeſſion of it, to his Maiefties vfe; naming it, The New South-weſt Principalitie of Wales. I brought from the land, ſome ſmall trees and herbs, and killed diuers forts of fowle ; in figne of feyſure, which I brought aboord. Not long af- ter, (being put backe to the Weſtward with contrary winds) we ſpake with Captaine Fox , in a Ship of his Maieſties, fer forth for the ſame purpoſe that we were: I inuited him a- boord, and entertained him with ſuch fare, as we had taken in this new diſcouered land : and made him relation of all our endeauours : The like did he to vs, and withall told vs, that "he had beene in Port Nelſon : where he had put vp a Shallop, and found there many things which Sir Thomas Button had left there. The next day, he departed from vs, and ſtood to the Weſtward; and we neuer ſaw him ſince. His Ship, He, and all his Company, were very well. We continued cur diſccuery to the Eaſtward, and came to the Eaſter point, which is in latitude 55.06.which we named it Cape Henrietta Maria. There the land trends to the Southward,and we fol- lowed it in fight; but were put off with foule weather; which being ouer-blowne,we ſtood in againe for the Weſter- ſhoare (that we might leaue no part viſeene ) and followed it againe to latitude 54.40. The ſecond time wee alſo put off, with like foule weather: which made vs ſtand to the Eaſt- ward. In this way we paſt by ſome Ilands, and happened a- mongſt broken grounds, and rocks ; in latitude 53.30. where wee came to an Anker, and ſheltred our ſelues fome few dayes, ſhifting Rodes. Now the Winter began to come on, and the nights to be long and cold; that amongſt theſe dan- gerous places, wee were faine to ſpend the day to looke for ſecuritie for the night. Here, by misfortune, our Ship came aground; and that amongſt great ſtones, as bigge as a mans P2 head; 116 head ; where ſhee did beate for the ſpace of fiue houres, moſt fearefully. In this time, we lightened her, and carried ſome of our things aſhoare : ſo that by the great fauour of God, we got her off againe , whereupon we named this Iland, the Iland of Gods famour. After that againe,amongſt thoſe Rockes, we were put to many extremities. At length, (ha- uing a gentle Southerly winde) we ſtood alongſt the Ealter- ſhoare, to the Northward: now looking for a conuenient place to winter in. And here againe , were we aſſaulted with a violent ſtorme, in which we loſt our Shallop, and were driuen amongſt diners dangers : and ſeeing an opening be- twixt two Ilands, we ventered to goe in, in very foule weather. We found it to be a very good Sound, and there we came to an Anker. We landed on one of them, which we named the Lord Weſtons Iland; and man'd out our old Shipboate vpon it. The other Iland we named my Lord! of Briſtols Iland. Parting from hence, wee ſtood to the South-ward, to looks for a wintering place: becauſe the time of diſcouery was paſt for this yeere. Many were our trou- bles amongſt theſe Ilands, ſhoalds, and broken grcunds; which made vs ftraine our ground tackle for life, many a time. The 6. of O&tober, we arriued in this Bay; it ſeeming a very likely place to finde a Harbour in : but ſearching the like- lieſt places, we found it all fo ſhoald flats and Rocks, and ſto- ny by the ſhoare fide; that we could by no meanes bring our Ship neere the ſhoare, but were forced to ride a league off, in 3. faddome and a halfe water. The winter came on apace, the weather proued tempeſtu- ous; and the cold ſo multiplied, that our ſailes froze in lumps to the yards, vnmanuable. Neither could our oncly boate goe from the Ship, by reaſon of the weather. About the middle of o{tober, I cauſed a houſe to be made aſhoare where cur ficke men might the better recouer : but alwayes with an in- tent to take it downe, if we found other-where, a place for our Ship.. I fent likewiſe men afoote (ſeeing the boate could not 117 not goe) to diſcouer the Tland, and to ſee if they could find ſome Creeke or Coue; but all in vaine, we ſpent the time with hope of fairer weather, till now the Cables began to freeze in the houſe, and the Ship to be frozen ouer with the ſprewe of the Sea: fo that we were faine to ſhouell the ſnow off our decks. Moreouer, the water began fo to congeale by the ſhoare ſide, that the boate could hardly get aſhoare. Yet for all that, if the wind blew N. W. there went a very great ſurfe on the ſhoare, and ſuch a great Sea in the Bay, that there was no bringing of our Ship aground. Beſides this, ſhe would haue then laine open to the E, and S. E. and S. and in- deed the neereſt land, all about that way, was 2. leagues off. Hereupon, we continued out the extremity, at an Anker. The 29. of November, the Ice came about vs on all ſides, and put vs from our ground tackle, and would have driuen vs out of the Bay vpon Rockes and ſhoalds (where vndoubted- ly we had perished) but that by Gods great goodneffe, it pro- ued ſo warme a day (the winde at S,) that ſuddenly we brought vp ſome ſayle, and hoyft it vp with ropes, and ſo forſt her afhoare; where ſhee beat all that night very forely. The Ship being now grounded and quiet, wee conſidered what was beſt to doe with her, and reſolued to finke her: but the next tyde, before we had any of our prouifions a- Shoare, the winde came N. W. ſo that the Ship beat moſt fearefully. We got all our dry prouiſions vp to the vpper decke, and made a hole to finke her : but before ſhe was funke, ſhe beat ſo extraordinarily, that we all thought ſhe had beene foundered. Being funke downe ſo low, that the water came on the vpper decke, we tooke our boate and went all afhoare, in fuch pittifull cold weather, that we were all ſo white frozen, that ſome ficke men that were alhoare before, did not know vs one from another. The next day we fell to land our prouifions; firſt our Bread, Fiſh, and dry things, the men driuen to wade in the water vp to the middles, moſt lamentable to behold. Within 2. dayes, what with great flat pieces that ſtucke about vs, and that P 3 which II8 which froze, it was becomne firme Ice, betwixt the Ship and the ſhoare : fo that then we were faine to carry all things on our backs a mile from the Ship to the houſe. Within few dayes, the hold became ſo frozen, that we could not get all our things out of it, bat were faine there to leave it frozen, till the next yeere. Then we made vs 2. other houſes: our firſt houſe was our Manſion houſe, wherein we did all lye together : our other was to dreſſe our victuall; and the third fora ſtore-houſe: which we built a pretty diſtance off, for feare of fire. And now we conſidered of the eſtate we were in, we all doubted that the Ship was foundered: eſpecially our Carpenter. But fuppoſe ſhe were found: yer was it a queſtion, whether we could get her off in the Summer, when the tydes are low. Moreouer, ſhe might be ſpoyled, lying in the tydes way, when the Ice brake vp: and then we ſhould be deſtitute of any veſſell to bring vs home. The Carpenter vndertooke to build a Pinnace, of the burthen of 12. or 14. tunnes, that ſhould be ready by the Spring: that if we found the Ship vnferuiceable, we might tcare her vp, and planke her with the Ships planke. Vpon this we refolued, and by May brought it to that paffe, that ſhe was ready to be ioy- ned together, to receyue the planke. But God mercifully pro- uided otherwiſe for vs: We indured a bitter cold winter, in which it pleafed God to viſit vs with ſickneffe: fo that in the beginning of May 1632. there was but my felfe and the Maſter and Surgeon perfectly found : and he began to finde fome defe&t allo. About the beginning of Aprill, we began to digge the Ice out of our Ship, which by the middle of May, we had effected. The 24. of Mar , the Ice began to breake vp betwixt the Ship and the ſhoare : and about the middle of lane, we had off our Ship, and found her to be ſtanch and found, contrary ta all our expectations. Before this time, about the mid- dle of May, our Carpenter dyed: and with him, the hope of our Pinnace: Maſter Wardon dyed the 6. of May: our Gunner Richard Edwards had his legge broken (which was cut 119 cut off) at the Capſtang in Auguſt 1631. and languiſhed till the 22. of November : on which day he dyed. Theſe three men lye buried here vnder theſe Tombes of ſtones. We loſt another man; one Iohn Barton our Quarter-Maſter, who miſ-carried in thelittle Bay that is due Weſt from this Crofle 3. mile: the Ice breaking vnder him, ſo that he funke downe, and we neuer ſaw him more. The two Pictures which are wrapt in lead, and faſtened vppermoſt on this Croſſe, are the liuely pictures of our Soueraigne Lord and Lady, Charles, the firſt; and Queene Mary his wife; King and Queene of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, &c. The next vnder that, is his Maieſties Royall Armes: the lowermoſt is the Armes of the City of Briſtoll, And now we are in a readineſſe to depart this day, and I intend to proſecute our diſcouery to the Weſt-ward, in this Latitude of 52.03. and to the South-ward alſo,although with little hope. Failing there, I meanç to haſte to Diggs Iland, and indeauour to diſcouer to the North-ward. Thus hauing had ſome experience of the dangers of the Ice, ſhoalds, and Rockes of vnknowne places : I thought it neceſſary to leaue this teſtimony of vs and our indeauours, if God ſhould take vs into his heatienly Kingdome, and fruſtrate our re- turne into our natiue Countrey. Wherefore I defire any noble minded Trauailer, that ſhall take this downe, or come to the knowledge of it: that he will make relation of it to our Soueraigne Lord the Kings Maieſty, and to certifie his Grace, that we cannot as yet finde any hope of a pal- ſage this way: and that I doe faithfully perſeuer in my ſeruice : accounting it bur my duty, to ſpend my life to giue his Majeſtie contentment; whom I beſeech God to bleſſe with all happineffe. And that they would likewiſe aduertiſe our worſhipfull Aduenterers, of all our fortunes; and that if as afore-laid wee periſh, it was not by any Want or defect in Ship or victuall, or other neceſſaries; all which we haue in abundance for foure moneths and aboue: which if occaſion be, wee can prolong to fixe moneths. Thus 120 Thus being at preſent vnable to expreſſe a gratefull mind o- therwiſe but in my prayers to God: I heartily beſeech him to powre out his bountifull blefling vpon all their honeſt in- deauours, and to continue their noble diſpoſitions in Actions of this kinde. And I faithfully promiſe, that if I ſhall come where the like Letters and Tokens ſhall be left, to make a true relation of it , as it ſhall be deſired. So deſiring the happineſſe of all mankinde, in our generall Sauiour Chriſt Iefus : I end. Charleton, Iuly the ſecond. 1632. Thomas Iames. THE NAMES OF THE feuerall Inſtruments, I prouided and bought for this Voyage. A Quadrant of old ſeaſoned Pearetree-wood, artifici- ally made : and with all care poſſible diuided with Diagonals, euen to minutes. It was of foure foote (at leaſt) Semidiameter. An Equilaterall Triangle of like wood; whoſe Radius was fiue foote at leaſt; and diuided out of Petiſcus Table of Tangents. A Quadrant of two foote Semid. of like wood: and with like care proiected. The Sights, Centers, and euery other part of them lookt to, and (tryed with conuenient Compaſſes : to ſee if they had beene wrongd or altred. And this continually before they were made vſe of. Staues for taking Altitudes and Diſtances in the heauens. A Staffe of feuen foote long; whoſe Tranſome was foure foote; diuided into equall parts by way of Diagonals, that all the figures in a Radias of tenne thouſand, might be taken outactually Another of fixe foote, neere as conuenient: and in that manner to be vſed. Maſters Gunters Croſle-Staffe. Three lacobs Stanes, projected after a new manner: and truly diuided out of the Table of Tangents. Two of Mafter Davis Backe-Staues : with like care made and deuided. Of Horizontall Inſtruments. Two Semicircles, two foote Semidiameter: of feaſoned Pearetree wood: and diuided with Diagonals , to all poſſible cxa&tnef[e. Q Sixe Sixe Meridian Compaſſes, ingeniouſly made ; beſides ſome doozens of others, more common. Foure Needles in ſquare boxes, of fixe inches Diameter : and other fixe, of three inches Diameter. Moreouer, foure ſpeciall Needles, (which my good friends Maſter Allen and Maſter Marre gaue mee) of fixe inches diameter: and toucht curiouſly, with the beſt Loade-ſtone in England. À Loade-ſtone to refreſh any of theſe, if occaſion were: whoſe Poles were marked, for feare of miſtaking. A Watch-clocke, of fixe inches Diameter: and another leffer Watch. AT able cuery day Calculated; correſpondent to the La- titude : according to Maſter Gunters directions in his booke the better to keepe our Time and our Compaſſe, to iudge of our Courſe. A Cheſt full of the beſt and choiſeſt Mathematicallbooker, that could begot for money in England: as likewiſe Maſter Hackluite, and Maſter Purchas: and other books of Tournals and Hiſtories. Study Inſtruments, of all fores. I cauſed many ſmall Glaſſes to be made; whoſe part of time, I knew to a moſt inſenſible thing: and fo diuided and appropriated the Logg-line, to them : making vſe of Wilbror- dus, Snellius his numbers of feete anſwering to a Degree: and approoued of by Maſter Gunter. I made a Meridian-line, of 120. yards long : with fixe Plumb-lines hanging in it: ſome of them being above 30. foot high, and the weights hung in a hole in the ground, to a- voyde winde. And this to take the Sunnes or Moones com- ming to the Meridian. This line wee verified, by ſetting it by the Pole it felfe, and by many other wayes. Two paire of curious Globes; made purpoſely: the worke- man being earneſtly affected to this Voyage. This This was the manner that we tooke the variation of the Compaſſe, and that as often as conueniently we could, but diuers of the Tables by negligence of my Boy are loſt: but theſe (I hope) may ſuffice to giue ſatisfaction of our care in Nauigation. Iuly 13th, 1631. Theſe 13. Azimuths with the Altitu. Dec. were taken vpon a great piece of Ice, with three Needles together : then the Declination was not equated, the laft three ſet foorth by themſelues, prooues the reſt: viz, the Azimuth of Weſt with his variation : the Azimuth at due Weſt, And the va- riation by the Altitude and Azimuth at due Weft. Theſe were taken twentie leagues to the Eaſtward of Sam lisbury Iland; and 2. quad. one of 4, another of 2. foote Semid. Semicircle of 2. foote Semid. La. Deon. | ALOTAZMF.IT.AZIF. Var. 63 01 20 14 39 42 177 50 S 50 I1S 27 39 63 01 20 14 35 33 90 00 62 12 S 27 48 63 01 20 14 34 24 76 30 N 65 OZS |27 23 63 or 20 14 31 24 80 18 N 72 12 S 27 30 63 OI 120 14,30 57 78 53N|73 31 S 1 27 46 63 01 20 14 29 00 74 50 N77 28S 27 42 63 01 20 14 27 10 71 00 N 98 42 N27 42 63 01 20 14 25 52 69 28 N96 02 N 27 34 63 OI 20 14 25 00 66 40 N | 94 16 N27 36 63 01 20 14 34 00 164 50;N 92 16 N127 26 63 01 20 14 23 30 64 00 N 91 18 N 27 44 63 OI 20 14 22 50 27 35 N 89 58i N27 33 63 01 20 14 22 30161 241 N 89°18) N27 44 The meane Varon is 27. 36. The variation of the Altit: and Azim: of Weft. 27.33 The variation of the Azimuth of Weſt. 27. 48. The variation by Azim. at due Weſt. 27. 35. The meane of theſe three is 27. 38. Q? luly 2 Iuly 22. I 631. Theſe three Azimuths and Altitudes were taken vpoir a piece of Ice the Magneticall Azimuths by the Sunnes ſhade in the water, the ayre chicke of fogge, that the Sunnegaue no perfe& ſhade otherwayes: 10. leagues Weſt from Mansa fields Iland. La. Decl. | AL.O. AZM|F.T.AZFr Var. 60 331 18 25 34 06 90 00 S 64 34 S 25 26 60 33 18 25 i 3t 3484 48 N 70 08S 60 331 18 25 1 18 25 71 35 (N! 82 541N125 21 25 04 The meane is 25. 17 22 22 July 24. 1 6 31. Theſe 11 Azimaths, were taken vpon a piece of Ice a- bout the middle of the great Bay: ſome of them by the ſhade, and ſome by the fight of the Sunne in the water, the weather being thicke of fogge. La. Dec. | AL.O. | AZM|F|T.AZ | F. Var. 59 20 17 40 36 44 82 50 S 59 04 S 22 46 59 20 17 40 35 44 83 40S 161 18S 59 20 17 40 33 02 90 00 67 1415 59 2017 40 29 49/84 25 N 73 40 S 21 55 59 20 17.40, 27 25 79 50 N75 10 S 1 22 59 20 17 40 26 27 178 10 N87 14 S. 14 59 20 17 40 23 4872 35 N 84 385 59 20 17 40 21 16 68 47 N 88 38!S 35 59 2017 40 20 40 67 30 N 90 oo 30 59 20 17 40 20 10 67 00 N 89 oo: N22 59 2017 40 19 34 66 00 N 88 10 N 22 22 46 OO 22 47 22 22 I 2 IO The meane is 22d. 23.21. Iuly Inly 31th. 16311 Theſe feuerall Azimuths were taken vpon a piece of Ice: 50. leagues off the Weſter-Shoare. AL.O. | AZ.M] F. T.AZIF. Var. N 99 20 N 23 54 Latitude 23 35 7600 N N 98 38 N 22 38 22 50 | 75 00 N N97 18 N 22 05 73 40 NI 96 04 N 22 24 Declina. 71 20 N 93 32 22 I 2 15 43 43 18 40 67 55 N 90 24 N 22 29 18 30 | 67 30 | N] 90 02 N 24 00 76 26 58 43 43 22 18 20 32 93 32 N 22 32 The meanc is 32, 29. 34. Angsajt 1. 1631. Theſe feuerall Azimuths were taken vpon a piece of Ice : about 40. leagues off the Weſter-ſhoare, AL.O. | AZ.MF.T.AZ. | F. F. I Var. 26 36 83 05 N 104.36 | N 21 31 Latitude 25 24 81 25 N N 103.06N 21 41 58.45. 24 26 26 | 78 38 | N 1 00:42 N 22 30 1 75 16 | N97 22 N 22 06 21 31 73 50 N95 42 N 21 52 | Declina. 20 IO 71 27 N 21 57 1 15.25 18 42 | 68 40 N90 58N 22 18 18 07 67 25 N189 56N, 22 31 The meane is 22. oo. 22 04 93 24 N Q3 Anguft. sth, 1631. Theſe Azimuths were taken vpon a piece of Ice, and calculated by all the figures of the Canon about 40. leagues off the Weſter-ſhoare. AL.O.T AZ.MF.T.AZ. | F. Var. 23 14 79 I2 N IOI.02 N Latitude 22 II 76 40 N99 12 N 58.37 21 II N97 28) N N 95 48 18 59 71 24 N 93 47 N Declina. N 68 35 17 15 N 90 53 22 18 16 42 N 90 00 15 391 65 32 NĮ88 181 N 32 46 75 II 73 02 N 21 50 22 32 22 17 22 46 22 23 20 00 95 48 N 14. 12. 67 28 22 32 The meane is 22. 25. 30. G. M. G. M. 26 II 16 14 Theſe obferuations were taken the 10th of November : 1631. the Lat. 52. 03. the difference may be conceiued, to grow by reaſon of the Sunnes low Altitude and Refraction. The others about the Summer Solſtice, where difference of Meridians is auoided, and are more exact. Alt.O. | AZ, M. T. AZ. Var.Well. G, M. G. M. 14 25 42 25 14 00 45 25 27 30 17 550 13 15 47 25 29 54 17 31 I2 18 48 10 32 33 15 37 12 03 49 20 II 41 51 07 34 15 IO 57 53 25 36 04 17 21 9 42 55 25 38 58 9 15 57 45 40 00 17 14 58 37 40 52 33 16 16 04 16 52 56 27 8 50 17 45 The meane is 16.57. Weſt. An Appendix touching Longitude. L Atitude and Longitude are two primary affections of the Earth, by the helpe of theſe two,doth the Geographer ſtriue to repreſent the parts of the Earth that they may keepe Symmetry and Harmony with the whole. Latitude then is an arch of the Meridian, comprehended berween the Æquator and a Paralell;but Longitude is an arch of the Æqua- tor, intercepted by the Prime Meridian and the Meridian of a Place, the difference of Longitudes being the difference of two Meridians. The meaſure of the former is the Meridian, the Æquator of this latter. For the exact ſettling of Latitudes we haue many and abſolute helpes, ſo that the Error if any happen, ought to be imputed to the imperfect handling of the Artiſt. But the Longitude of a Meridian is that which hath, and ſtill wearieth, the greateſt Maſters of Geography. Neuer- theleſſe hath not the wife Creator left Man vnfurniſhed of many excellent helpes to attaine his deſire : For beſides Eclip- ſes, eſpecially of the Moone, (whoſe leaſure we muſt often waite, and perhaps goe without, if the Heauens be not propi- tious to vs) we haue the Concurſe of quicke pac'd inferiour Planets, with ſuperiour ſlow ones, or their Appulſes with fome fixed Starre of knowne place, or elſe ſome other Arti- fice deriued from their Motions and Poſitions. As for the Magneticall Needle to argue a Longitude from its Variation, is altogether without ground. And though well furniſht Sea- men are able by their dead Reckonings (as they tearme them) to determine the difference of Meridians ſomewhat neere, yet by reaſon of the vnknowne quantity of a Degree in a giuen meaſure (which is the Rule of the Ships way ) Varieties of aduerſe winds, Different ſets of Tydes, and other inuolued incombrances, they come often wide of the mark they aime at. The beſt way yet knowne to the world, is that which is de- duced from the Cæleſtiall Apparences, which being perfor- med by Iudicious Artiſts, may in ſhort time rectifie our R Geographicall An Appendix touching Longitude. Geographicall and Hydrographicall Charts hitherto in moſt places fouly diftorted. It is my intent here, to giue an inſtance from two feuerall obferuations drawne from the Cæleftiall Bodyes, by the Author of this diſcourſe, in his diſcouery for the N. W at the bottome of the Bay, being his wintering place, and called by the name of Charloton, which for Iudge- ment, Circumſpection and Exactnes may compare with moſt: The firſt from the Eclips of the Moone ; The ſecond from the Moones Mediation of Heauen, or Her comming to the Plane of his Meridian of Charleton. The Captaine then mindfull of the Lunar Eclips which was to happen October 29. Anno 1631. was wayting on the Moone with his Inſtruments, but by reaſon of the Inter- poſition of the clouds, could make no Obſeruation on the be- ginning of her Obfcuration, but at her Emerfion or Totall Recovery of Light, the heauens being more Serene, he tooke the Altitude of the Superior Limb of the Moone 29.gr.1 1.m. The Latitude of Charlton being 52.gr. 3. min. At that very time, my felfe with ſome friends found the exact time of the Moones Emerſion at London in Greſham Colledge ( by a Quadrant of fixe foot Radius, actually cut to each minute of the Quadrant)ro be O&tob. 29. 13.h. 7. m.28 ſec. or Octob.3o.d.at one of the clocke, ſeuen minutes, and about a halfe in the morning. Now becauſe the Tables of the Celeſtiall Motions, lately publiſhed by that moft Learned and Induſtrious Lansberg, doe much amuſe, the world with that loftie title of Perpetuity, it ſhall not be amiſſe to enquire after the time of the Captaines Obferuation from them, that ſo by comparing the one with the other we may obtaine the difference of Meridians, which is the matter now fought after. The middle motions of the Luminaries anſwerable to the e- quall time of the Emerſion of the Moone, are thoſe which follow The Sitno ni por divibu Hallo An Appendix touching Longitude. 2 Sunne Sex. Gr. M. S. -0. 16. 28. 53 Sex. Gr. M. S. 3. 47.39.26 The middle motion of the Center of the o 3 15 49 58 Apogeuof theÓI 35 45 44 Lögitude of the ) 2 59291 The middle motion of the Anomaly of the ) ós 1130 SLatitude of the ) 4 32 8 15 The Proſthaphæreſis of the Æquinox o 0 1230 Being thus furniſhed with theſe middle motions wee are next to enquire for the true places of the Luminaries & their Concomitants, as their right Aſcentions, the Declination, La- titude, Semidiameter, Parallax,& Refraction of the C, that ſo the true Altitude of the ( center, and conſequently the time of the Emerſion may be had at Charleton. For the Sunnes truc place. The middle motion of the o Center, 3. 15.49.58 The Proſthaphæreſis of the Center add. I 37. O The Proportionall Scruples, I. The middle motion of the o Apogæum. 1. 35. 45.44 The true motion of the Apogæum ſubtr. 37. 32. 44 The middle motion of the O is 3. 47. 39. 26 The Anomaly of the orbe 2. 10. 16.42 The Proſthaphæreſis of the o orbe 1. 32. 43 The exceffe to be added The abſolute Proſthaph of the Oorbe fubtr.o. I. 33. 3 The midd.mot, of the c frõ the true Æqui. 3. 47. 51. 56 The true mot. of the O from the true qui. 3. 46. 18. 53 Therefore the true place was in ne ---- And his right Aſcention 223.49. 53 For the Moones true place. The Anomaly of the Center The Proſthaphæreſis of the Center --O. o. s. 36 The proportionall Scruples The Anomaly of the (orbe The Æquated Anomaly of the orbe ---- 0. 5. 5. 54 R 2 The -0. I. o. 0. 0.- O. 20 5. 59. 18. 2 JIO 30 An Appendix touching Longitude 0. 0. 0. Sex.G.M.S. The Proſthaphæreſis of the orbe fubtr.--. O. 24. 4. Themid.mot.of the ) Longitude from the 0.2.59.39. I The true motion of the Longit.from the 0.2. 59. 14. 57 The mid. mot, of the from the true æquin.3. 47. 1. 56 The true mot, of the ) from the true æquin. 0. 47. 6.53 Therefore the true place was in 8 -0.17.6.53 For the Latitude, Themiddle motion of the Latitude. 4. 32. 8.15. The ) abſolute Profthaph. of her Orb ſubtr. o. o. 24. 4. The true motion of Latitude. 4. 31.44.II. The Northerne Latitude was. 0, 0.95 And her Reductive Scruples Subtr. But the true motion in her proper Orbe was o. 17.6:53: Therfore the true place reduced to the Eclipt 8.17.6. 27. And becauſe the North Lat. of the was 0: 9: 5: Therefore will her Right aſcens, be. 44:35:10 And her Declination -17: 7: 42 And becauſe we haue the diſtance of the Moone. From the earth in Semidiameters of the earth. 64 15 Therefore ſhall the ) apparent Semidiam: be---0. 15. And her parallax of Altitude. Now becauſe the Altitude of the limbe of the was found by obſeruation to bee 29: II: If we ſhall ſubftract her Semidiameter 15: And the refraction- We haue the apparent Altitude of the center - 28:54; To this if we adde the parallax of Altitude We ſhall haue the true Altitude of the Center : 29:41: Hauing thus the Latitude of the place the ) true Altitude with her declination, by the reſolution of a Sphæricall Trian- gle according to the 11 Probleme, lib.2. Parr. 2. of our Britiſh Trigonometry we have the diſtance of the ) from the Meridian 63: 26: And by comparing this Arch with the difference of the afcentions of the Luminaries, the Time of the totall reco- uery of her light at Charlton will be 7. hou.49. min.28.ſec. 0 47.0. 0 2: o: 473 Which An Appendix touching Longitude. Which ſubtr. from the time of the Emerſion at London. 13 hou. 7. min. 28. fec. The difference of Meridians in reſpect of time will be 5:h. 18: m. o. So that Charlton is remooued from London Weſte wards, 79. gr. 30. m. This may likewiſe be confirmed by a ſecond different ob- feruation made at the inftant of the Moones Culmination or Mediation of Heauen, at which time the Altitude of the brighteſt Starre in the Afteriſme of the Northerne Crowne, (being of the ſecond Magnitude ) was found to be 33. gr. 27. m. Eaſterly, Ann. 1632. Tane 23. It may be Problematically deliuered after this manner. Hauing the Latitude of a Place, with the Altitude of a knownc fixed Starre at the moment of the ) culmination, to finde the Longitude. This fixed Starre is of knownelongitude and latitude, ther- fore was his Declination 27:59: and right afcenfion 229.46. Now by the refolution of a Sphæricall Triangle of 3. knowne fides we haue the diſtance of this Star from the Meridian, and by conſequence the right aſcenſion of the ), whence we con- clude her Culmination to be with the 28: 10:m. of V. but the Moones true place was much leffe. Here note that the ſcru- pulofity of time is vnknowne,and therefore we cannot argue the true place from thence (though Igrant it might be e- uinced) for that were to begge the Queſtion, and to know that firſt, which we lookeafter. In the next place we are to inquire with what point of the Ecliptique the ) did culminate with vs here at London, that fo from the difference of her places, of the like affection, we may deduce the difference of Meridians, Obferuation on the ) Culmination here at London wee made none, therefore muſt we haue recourſe to the aforeſaid Tables of Lanſberg and from thence calculate the ſame. Now becauſe the ) was not farre remooued from the oppoſite point. It will not be amiffę to enquire firſt the place at midnight. Sex. Gr. M. S. The oppoſite place at midnight in yo OII. 18.15 The ) true place at midnight reduced to the Ecliptique was in jo 0. 23. 33. 18. The R 3 An Appendix touching Longitude. The South Latitude of the Moone was ----0. 4. 56. 38 Therefore the difference of Aſcenſions will be 14. 6. O The Diurnall motion of the Moone ---- 14. 24 O Therefore the Moone proper motion anſwerable to the difference of Aſcenſions is 0. 33. 50 Which added to the Moones true place at midnight 23.33.18 Giues vs the Moones true place reduced to the Ecliptique at her Culmination at London - 24. 7. 8 Now becauſe the Southern Latitude was 4.56.38, the Arch therefore of the Ecliptique comprehended betweene the Moones true place and the culminating point of the Eclip- tique will Trigonometically be found to be 54:38. which ad- ded to the true place before found giues vs the culminating point of the Eclipti. 25.gr.1.m.46.1 which is leffe then that found at Charleton:the difference being 3.8.24.therfore is the place of Obſeruation Weſterly of London.Hauing therfore the (Diurnall motion & the difference of the feueral culminating points we conclude the Meridian of Charlton to be diſtant fro this of Lõdon 5.1.14.m. of time or 78.30. of the Equator. The difference between that of the Eclipſe, and this latter obferuation is oply 4. minutes of time or one degrec a dif- ference eaſily pardoned, eſpecially if wee ſhall compare the fame with ſome other places, yea euen ſuch as border neerely on each other. To giue an inſtanceon 2 eminent places which lye in the heart of Europe, Rome & Norenberg : Their diffe- rence of Longitude Regiomontanus makes 36. Werner 32. Appian 34. Mæftlin and Origan 33. Stofler 18. Maginus 26. Schoner 1 2. Mercator and Hondius as much. Stadius 13. lan- ſonius 10. Kepler by obferuations on 2 Lunar Eclipfes, but 4 minutes of time. This varietie among theſe great Artiſts, will I hope par- don vs this difference of 4.m. and be a means to incourage our Engliſh Sea-inen and others, to make ſuch or the like obferua- tions in forraine parts as the heauers ſhall be offred vnto them. H, GELLIBRAND. 0 $ To the venerable Artiſts and youn . ger Students in Divinity, in the famous Vni- uerſity of CAMBRIDGE. O V nobly-witted, and inge- nuouſly-ſtudied Academians : whoſe excellency in all kinds of learning, all forraigne Vniuerſi- ties doe admire, and none atteine vnto. I here preſent you a Voy- age to Cholcos, though not the Golden-fleece with it: the Searche, I meane, but not the finding ; of that ſo much talkt of, ſo often fought for, North-Weſt Paſſage, and neerer way into the South-Sea. That, wherein ſo much Time and Treaſure haue beene expended, fo many braue Spirits employed, and yet none diſcoue. red. Perchance, there is no ſuch Paſſage to be found : and that the Spaniards, by the gullery of their falſe Sea-Cards, and the fable of an old Greeke Pilote; haue but diuerted our Engliſh and Dutch Sea-men, from their golden Indyes. This plot of theirs hath taken, for theſe many yeeres: and it appeares to bee but a plot, for that themſelues neuer make vſe of this Paſſage. For mine owne part, I ſuppoſe that the Philoſophers ſtone is in the North-Weſt Paſſage. My argument for it is, For that theres ſo much Philoſo-- phy in the way to it. stom nismo sriod are So So much, and ſuch variety : ſuch variety, and that ſo various, (I thinke) from what is receiued in the Schooles: that it were well worth the diſquiſition of an Vniuerſity, (and I wiſh you the firſt honour of it) either to find out, how thefe obferuations may bee reduced to Ariſtotles Philoſophy:or whether they need any other enquiry, and ought to be examined by ſome other Rules, then Ariſtotle hath yet light vpon. This is my purpoſe of infcribing it vnro you. Of this one thing am I confident : that you are all fo rationall, and ingenuous, as to preferre Truth, before Authority : Amicus Plato, amicus Ariſtoteles, but magis amica veritas. Your Sciences, then, being Liberall; your Studies, I know, haue ſo farre paſſed into your maners, that your minds are ſo too, and that ſuch as haue already profited beyond the credulity requi- red in a yong learner, and are themſelues promoted to be Maſters of the Arts; though they ſtill reue. rence their old Greeke Tutor, yet they will not ſuffer that of Pythagoras Schoole, ſo to domineere in Ariſto- tles, as to let an Ipſe dixit, goe away with it: much leſſe allow it the authority of a Mayors hammer, with one knocke to ſilence allarguments. Vpon this confidence, I, with all due reſpects, here preferre two Propoſitions vnto your diſcuſſing. The firſt this, whether thoſe Rules of Ariſtotles Phi- loſophy be to be allowed ſo Vniuerfall , that they hold all the world ouer. The ſecond this, whether they ought to be ſo magiſteriall, as to preſcribe against all other exa- minations. The firſt of theſe, I ſhall but problemati- cally propound vnto you: but in the ſecond, I hope a man of my cloathing, may bee allowed the free- dome of being ſomething more earneſt. But But that I may not come with preiudice to the making of theſe motions, or bee thought, vpon fome ignorance or ambition, to ſpeake againſt the in- comparable Aristotle; I shall defire all my fellow Aca- demians to allow me fo much diſcretion, as to know, That he that ſhall in your hearings, oppoſe your A- riſtotle;. does like the Ship here ſpoken of, runne againſt a Rocke, endanger his owne bulge, and the ftauing of his veſfell. No, I fo farre honour the old Aristotle, that I well allow him to bee Master and Moderator of the Schooles : and that there is the ſame reſpect due to him in the Schooles, which, by Reaſon and long Custome, is due to one of the Kings Ships in the Narrow Seas; That in acknowledgement of a Soue- raignty, every other name onght to strike sayle to him. Aristotle (it muſt be confeft) hath made all learning beholding to him: no man hath learned to confute him, but by him; and vnleſſe hee hath plowed with his heyfer. He had the moſt incomparable wit, and was the moſt Logicall and demonſtratiue deliverer of himſelfe, of all the Sonnes of nature: One, who beſt of all deſerued to be cald Her Principall Secreta- wy: one, who not onely adornes a Library, but makes it : Qui habet Aristotelem, habet Bibliothecam, is truer of him, then of the Great Comparer. This is my opinion of him; and I wiſh him more ſtu- dyed. Tis not, therefore, the name, or the authority of the great Aristotle, that my Propoſitions meddle withall: but wherher his obferuations gathered out of this part of the world alone, could, like a royall Paſſeor a Commiſsion, carry a man all the world I. ouer S It It muſt be confèft, That in reſpect of the Equi- noctiall and the Latitude that Aristotle lived in, hee was but a Northern man : and twas his owne Rule, that Nihil agit extra Spheram actiuitatis fue. So then, it would bee put to voyces to conſider, whether he that knew but theſe Northerne parts, and the Mex diterranean Sea; could poſſibly make ſuch collectia ons, by what was here to be learned, as dould bec Ynfaileable in the Southern Hemiſphere and the two Indyes ? Plainely, thoſe that are conuerfant in the nauigations and bookes of voyages into thoſe parts; have found ſo many contraricries to obſerue; that it were rather tedious, then difficult, to fill vp a Note booke with them. 2 The Ancients, weeknow (as if they had meaſured the world by the Yeard-wand) reſtrained the limits of temperature, and habitation, by the fiue Zones: without confideration of any interloping or concur- ring cauſes, which experience hath now found out, to haue quite altered their obferuation. I adde, that a good leiſure and diligence might obferue, how in the contrary part of the world, there be found cleatte contrary Cauſes and Effects, vnto thoſe in this part of the world. The South-wind there, brings cold and Winter ; and the North, is the rainy wind. How will the Thunder and the Wind, be made agree with Ari- $tot les definition of a Meteore? In ſome places of the Mountaines Andes by Peru, it thunders euer. The East-Indyes haue their Monſons and their fteady winds, conſtant for fixe moneths together : and who ſhall afligne their cauſes. Then the doctrine of the Tydes, nothing ſo vncertaine : which ebbe and flow in ſome places, different; and in others contrary, to Oo to the Moone and her motions. This (as I remember) is Ariſtotles definition of a Meteore, That it is, an Ariftoteles, r. imperfect mixt body, generated out of an infirme and in- Meteor-2. constant concretion of the Elements, which therefore can- not be durable. Now the Monfon, is both conſtant in his continuance this yeere, and in his serurne next yeereg moſt conſtantly keeping his ſeaſons halfe yeere one/way, and halfe yeere another way, for all ages s nothing more conſtantly or durably; and therefore nothing like Aristotles Meteore. And ſo for the Thun- der vpon the Andes : it is firſt perpetuall; ſecondly, not cauſed by a dry exhalation, (as Aristotle wills) but hanging ouer fuch hils as are couered with ſnow and a perpetuall winter. Witneſſe the Thunder on the Alpes alfo : yea and that in the middle of the Sea, 500. leagues from ſhoare, or any thing that is dry. Yea,it frequently both Snowes and Thunders vpon the Andes, at one inſtant and in dry places that are hard by, ſcarce euer Thundering. But not to paſſe the Line for it; You ſee in this little Booke, how Charlton Iland, which is no more Northerly then your Cambridge; is yet ſo vnſuffera- bly cold, that it is not habitable: and that there en- counter ſo many different, (at leaſt ſo feeming) occur- rences of nature, as were well worth the diſquiſition of a Philoſopher. I could, (in my ſmal reading)inſtance in many many other particulars: which I had rather ſhould be found out by fome induſtrious ſearchers after Nature, in the Moderne Relations of our Diſco- verers, then in this my thort Propoſition. Tis not to be doubted, but that the carefull reading of our Books of Voyages, would more elucidare the History of Nature, and more conduce to the iinprouement of Philoſophy, S 2 Dan. 12.4. Luke 17.20. Philoſophy, then any thing that hath beene lately thought upon. Theſe Navigations haue in part ful- filled that of the Prophet, Many ſhall paſſe to and fro; and knowledge ſhall be encreaſed. This, I ſuppoſe, might be obſerued from this ſtudy, That the great and infinite Creator hath fo diſpoſed and varied euery thing, that it is impoſſible for mans reafon and obfer- uation to conclude him: and therefore, though vul- gar and receiued Philoſophie, may giue a man a generall hint, all the world ouer;yer nio Vniuerfall and vnfay- ling certainty.qoqini dira or This brings mee to my Second Propoſition, That ſeeing God will not haue his works, (no more then his Kingdome) to come by obferuation; whether, then,ought any humane dictates to be ſo Magiſteriall, asta preſcribe againſt all other examination at angela No humane ſtudy more conduces to the ſetting forth of Gods glory, then the contemplation of his great workes, in Philoſophie: for though a ſmatrering knowledge in Second Cauſes, warps the mind towards Atheiſme; yer a higher ſpeculation of them, brings about againe to Religion. No man, I beleeue, will thinke it fit for vs to haue a Pope in Philoſophie; one, that no body ſhall preſume to cenſure of: but all be bound to aduance his Decretalls, aboue the Holy Scriptures. This is the ſcandall that my ſelfe, and di- uers good men take, at the vndue authority in ſome heates pinn'd vpon the Stagerite. to briod bloot I am ſorry that the Iſraelites dotage vpon Salomons Philoſophie, ſhould haue cauſed the zealous Hezekiah to call in and to ſuppreffe chofe vnualuable phyficks: for feare, I ſuppoſe , left their credit ſhould haue as much derogated fro the authority of the Holy Script Shidas, Rabbini. tures g tureszas the brazen Serpent(which he deſtroyed about the ſame time)had done from Religion. None will be- leeue, that Salomons Philoſophie was contrary to the Scriptures; ſeeing the Scripture commends Salomon for them. Twas not Hezekiahs feare, therefore, (or not onely) left there might haue beene a competition betweene them, but a neglect of one of them: he was iealous left the Scripture might haue any writing fer vp by.it, though not againſt it. Can Diuines, then, be blamed for ſpeaking, when they heare Aristotles Philoſophy to be folely magni- fied, and the ſtudy of the Scripture Philoſophy, difre- fpectedOr that when tis confeſt, That ſuch a thing is true in Diuinity,and yet the Moderating of the point determine for Philoſophie. Nay, to heare ir cald ab- ſurd and ridiculous, to haue Scripture vrg'd at all, in point of Philoſophy ? No doubt there is, But whatſo- ener is falfe in Diuinity, is alſo falſe in Nature, how much thow of truth ſoeuer it paſſes with, in Philofo- phy. Philoſophy hath taken its turne in the Schooles: and the holy Texts by the Schoolemen, haue euen been ſub- mitted vnto Ariſtotles: yea, to the great corruption of Theologie, as the complaint is, hach this man been ſo farre aduanced, That Contra est Philofophus,& con- tra est Apostolus; haue familiarly paſſed vp and down, for equall Oppoſitions: fo that it hath been a meaſuring cast oftentimes, betwixt the Prophet and the Peripate- tick: and by foule play hath the meaſure beene made to ſtand the harder at the Peripatetick, for that the Prophet hath beene enforced to comply with him by a wrested interpretation. Thus had S.Paul need give his caveat vnto Theologie, as well as vnto Theologues, Be- ware lest any man ſpoyle you through Philoſophy. All S 3 All this were to no purpoſe, vnleſſe the Text of God were excellent in this kinde; and embelliſhed, here and there, with moſt admirable Philofopby. Whatincomparably rare foot-ſteps of it, haue wein the Bookes of Geneſis, Tob, and the Pſalmes? How noble a Study then were it, and how worthy the lei- ſure of ſome excellently learned ; to beſtow fome time vpon it: Valeſius the Phyſician, hath in his Sacra Philoſophia done ſomething in this kinde: who yet might haue done better, here and there, for the ho- nour of the Scriptures. I am not ſo fottiſh to beleeue, Thar euery particular is to be drawn out of Scripture: tis none of my doteage, that. Or that God in Scrip- ture did intend, euery where, the accurateneffe of Philofophy; or ſtand to be ſo curious in definitions and deciſions. Nor ſo fooliſh would I be thought, as to haue all Philoſophy taken in pieces, and new moulded by the Scriptures. Nor, that nothing ſhould be de- termined on, till a Text confirmed it. But this, per- chance , might profitably be thought vpon: That where the Scriptures haue any thing in this kinde, it fhould more reuerently be eſteemed; Collections out of ſcattered places, (as is done out of Ariſtotleg made: theſe compared, and their Reſultances obſer- ued. This, ſurely, would amount to more, then is yet thought of: and, a-Gods name,let Schollers be ſo bold with Ariſtotle, as to examine him vpon good aſſurance', by what is Truths Touch-ſtone : Receiued Philoſophy is a moft neceffary hand-maid to the Scrip- tures; but let her not be ſet aboue her Lady, nor no competition be maintained betwixt them. Something elſe remaines to be thought of: That ſeeing the fame God, who gaue Ariſtotle theſe good parts; parts; hath, in like manner,raiſed vp many excellent Spirits moe: whether it were not iniurious ynto what is done and a diſcouragement to what might be done; to haue the inuentions or obferuations of thofe excellent wits and great induſtries, fo abalht with Ariſtotles authoritie; that they can haue no credit in the world, for that his Dictates haue pre-occupated all good opinion? Let it not then be thought yne- quall, to examine the firſt cogitations of the old Phi- lofophy, by the ſecond thoughts of our more moderne Artiſts : for that the ſame improuement may by this meines accrew ynto our Phyſicks that hath aduanced our Geography, our Mathematicks and our Mechanicks. And let it not be thought ſo infolent, to refuſe Ari. ſtotles authoritie fingly, where his reaſon is not fo concluding; ſeeing other men haue taken the bold- nefſe to doe that before vs, in feuerall kinds. Some haue perfected, and others controld his Ethicks, by the Scriptures : as Scultetus, Wallaus and ſome others. Iuſtin Martyr fir-named the Philoſopher,hath purpoſe- ly written contra dogmata Ariſtotelis : Baſſon and Gaf- Sendus, (two braue men ) hauenewly written point- blanck againſt him: nor haue they taken away all li- berty, from thoſe that are to follow them. And thus, with renewing my former proteſtati- on for mine owne reſpects to Aristotle, I conclude my two Propoſitions : which I deſire may receiue a fa- uourable conſtruction from all ingenuous,imcaprici- ous Schollers. I meant them out of good will to pro- more learning; to encourage and countenance future vndertakings: and in ſuch a caſe, a little too much ſaying, may be thought not to haue exceeded an ho- nest Rhetorication : for I would not be thought too earneſt 910 earneft in it. The hint for all this, I tooke from this booke: which in mine owne and ſome better Iudge- ments ; is (to ſay no more)as well done and enriched with as ſure and vſefull obferuations, as any in this kinde. I was defired by the able Author, and ſome other friends; to ouer-looke the written Copy of it, and to amend the Englifh here and there; in which I did not deſpaire of doing ſomething: for that, in my yonger time, I had a little acquainted my felfe with the language of the Sea. That which put me in the head to inſcribe it vnto your Names(moſt excellent- ly learned Academians ) was, for that the place of this Wintering, was within a minute or two, of the heighth of our Cambridge. Which my prayer to God is, that your Studies may make famous. Core Socation Your's X. z. B.FS. Haytt 1633 Ja homes I may cabin Map