CORRESPONDENCE
ON
THE PRINCIPLES OF PEACE,
MANUAL LABOR SCHOOLS,
&c.
BY
THOMAS S. GRIMKÉ.
CHARLESTON,
OBSERVER OFFICE PRESS,
1833.


CORRESPONDENCE
ON PEACE.
mount.
Extract of a Letter to Thomas S. Grimke.
DEAR SIR,
"All that you say (i. e. in your Address on Peace,)
about war and its horrors, is perfectly just ; and the princi-
ples of peace which you urge with so much power, are
deducible from the Gospel ; and are, in truth, the echoes of
the divine teacbiogs of the Saviour in the sermon on the
Yet I must acknowledge that it does not appear to
me practicable, to give them a literal application in the pre-
sent state of human affairs. If non-resistance and passive
obedience were acted out by all good men, to the extent
which you recommend as wise and practicable, then the
whole of the civilized and humanized world would be sub-
jected to the brutal passions of a few armed banditti. The
gentle virtues of the Peruvians made no impression on the
fierce Spaniards, who butchered them without mercy.-
Undoubtedly the Alinighty could, by miracle, so transform
the hearts of the whole human race, that the Tiger would
be converted into the Lamb, and that all wars and crimes
should cease.
But nothing short of a miracle can do this;
and we poor wornis of the dust must wait in patience, and
humble adoration, and hope that, in his good time, God will
work out in bis own unsearchable way, all that in his wis-
dom and mercy he intends for the good of our race.
If
human institutions can restrict the causes of war to mere
defence, and soften its horrors by the principles of humanity,
it is all, I fear, that can be done. Commerce, you say,
civilizes man and restrains his passions. It does in a small
degree, and in the mode of carrying on war.
Yet com-
mercial Carthage of ancient times, and commercial Venice
and Genoa, in modern, carried on wars with as much am-
bition, passion and cruelty, as the vile feudal monarchs. I

4
fear, my good and excellent friend, that wars cannot and
will not cease, till the will of God on this point shall be
manifested by miracles, wbich shall constrain the obedience
of men."
Extract from Mr. Grimke's Answer.
My Dear Sir,-
It seems to me most strange, how a Christian can rea-
son as you do 'on the subject of Peace. You admit that
Peace principles, as expounded by me, are the pure and
obvious teachings of the Gospel ; and yet you lay them
aside in favor of calculations of human expediency. Do
Christian principles justify such a course? Is obedience or
disobedience to be determined by such a test? What are
we but the Children of God? Is not the Father wiser than
the Child ? What are we but the Subjects of God? Is
not the Ruler wiser than the Governed ? And yet you
justify the Child and Subject in breaking the plain, express
command of an all-wise and all-benevolent Parent and
Sovereign, on the supposition that man is wiser than God,
that man is better able to decide what is best for himself,
than God. Again, you acknowledge the power of God;
you acknowledge his faithfulness. He is able and willing
to protect you against a million of men in arms. You
cannot deny that, if he pleased, he could have protected
Holland or Switzerland against the combined naval and
military force of Napoleon and Alexander, of Austria,
Prussia, and England. Now, if he commands obedience,
what right have you to doubt, if you obey, that he will pro-
tect you, PROVIDED it be consistent with his view of his own
government, in relation to yourself ? Does not your error
lie in assuming, that he will not protect you, if you do obeyi
and is not this based on a still more fatal error, that you hava
a right to calculate on, and even to stipulate for protection,
as the condition of obedience ? Now this cannot be main-
tained for a moment. How do you know, but that your
suffering, the consequence of your fidelity to him, may
be an important point in bis moral government. Do you
not prejudge the whole matter, without either sufficient
knowledge or any right to judge ? Again, is it not mani,
fest, that you, and so do all who argue on your side, assume as
a fact, what no one but a prophet could know, that if all
Christians were faithful to the Sermon on the Mount, the
result would be, that the whole of the civilized and hu-
manized world would be subjected to the brutal passions of
a

5
as
a few armed bandilti." Now, whether a Christian believes,
that this would be the result of his fidelity or not, is per-
fectly immaterial to the obligation of obedience. The
world is God's, and he alone has a right to dispose of all its
events, both great and small, both public and private. Now,
we will grant your conclusion to be true, that such would be
the result of obedience, and what follows ? That we
should be disobedient? Not so ; but just the reverse, that
we should be more steruly and zealously faithful, because
we cannot doubt if bonds and imprisonment, if persecution
or torture, if ignomy and death are to be our lot, God bas
so willed, in his wisdom and goodness, for our purification
and perfection, and for the welfare of his church. Can a
Christian doubt, much less devy this? What is your argu-
ment but this? God has clearly required obedience, in this
particular ; but if I obey, I shall subject myself to the loss
of life, liberty or property, or of all of them ? Are not life,
liberty, property, his, and not yours? Are they not granted
to you, subject to his revealed will? Has he not a right to
resume them at any time, and in any manner he pleases,
even under circumstances of the greatest pain and terror,
and even degradation to yourself? You cannot deny this.
Did the primitive Christians or the Protestants reason
you do, when they submitted to confiscation and the jail,
persecution and death, in thousands and tens of thousands,
rather than be disobedient? They followed the letter of
the commandment against all human arguments and calcu-
lations. They trusted to a faithful God, because, come
what might, they knew that he had a right to obedience
without
any
conditions or calculations on their part.
But let us change the view of the matter.
You assume
that, if all good men were to conform to the Peace Princi-
ples of the Gospel, the civilized world would be the victim
of an armed banditti. Now, I assert precisely the reverse.
Let us examine your proofs and mine. You instance the
case of the Peruvians. But did the warlike Mexicans fare
any better? Did all the martial tribes of North America
fare any better? Besides, the Peruvians were heathen.-
They had not the promises of the Gospel of Peace And
knowing, as we do, that God has seen fit to draw a broad
line of distinction between the heathen and the Christian,
the Pagan who has not the privileges of the Christian faith,
cannot expect its rewards. We cannot, then, reason consis-
tently from the case of the heathen to the case of the
Christian. Peace with the Peruvian, was a matter of custom
or national character, so far as it realy prevailed. With

6
the Christian it must be a matter of principle, and of subiu
mission to the Will of God. But I am not content with this:
reply only. Allow me to ask for an instance of a Christian
people who ever reposed their trust in God on Peace prin-
ciples, and had reason to repent it?' You cannot name an
instance ; at least, I remember none. On the contrary, let
me ask your attention-Ist, To the case of the Jews, who
were commanded (the males) to appear three times a-year
at Jerusalem. Yet tho surrounded by enemies, we know
that advantage was never taken of this defenceless state of
the land. God had promised protection ; and the people
trusted, obeyed, and never had reason to repent that obedi-
ence. 2nd, To the case of the Quaker Colony of Penn-
sylvania, which was unmolested by the Indians for 70 years;
whilst all the ARMED colonies were continually at War with
them. 3d, To the Quakers of New-England, who remain-
ed in their cottages, cultivated their fields, and went about
the country unarmed and unmolested, amidst all the terrors
and massacres of Indian wars. 4th, To the Quakers of
Ireland in 1798, who were literally in the Lion's den of
Darius, and the fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar; yet, like
Daniel, were saved by faith. O what a lesson, what a rebuke
to the Christian of human calculation and human expedi-
ency! If you have never read Thos. Hancock's noble and
affecting account of Christian faithfulness of the Friend in
1798-under the most pathetic and trying circumstances,
let me recommend it most earnestly to you. I caused copies
to be placed in the Sunday School Libraries as well as in
the Library of the Theological Seminary. I can hardly
give a better proof of the high regard that I have for the
book, than by mentioning, that I have employed an agent
in Philadelphia, to place a copy in the Library of every
Sunday School, in Boston, New-York, Philadelphia and
Baltimore. I had already done the same in Charleston,
and shall follow up the good work next, with all the
Cities of the second class ; such as Providence, New-
Haven, Albany, &c. You have conceded my theory,
to be right; of course yours must be wrong. Mine is the
Christian, yours the heathen theory. And now for the facts.
I have given mine, and what are they but Christian expe-
rience? You have given yours, and what are they but
heathen experience ? and that too, the experience of a mi-
litary, tho' comparatively effeminate people, who stood in
the same relation to Pizarro and his Spanish chivalry, as:
Darius and the Persians to Alexander and the Macedonians.
The Peruvians were not Quakers, witbout arms or fortifi-

7
cations or military instruments, but the reverse. Had they
even been a Christian people, they would not have been
entitled to protection on the ground of faithfulness to the
Peace Principles of the Savior, because they were unfaith-
ful, having always relied on arms and fortifications and the
art of war for their defence. Is not the truth this ? that
there never has been a nation, which has acted on Peace
Principles.* You cannot show a single one in the whole
history of the ancient and modern world, of Pagan, Jewish,
Mahometan and Christian communities, which has not been,
through the whole course of its existence the persecutor, op-
pressor and tormentor of others, in all the forms of war; w
which
has not been itself in like manner persecuted, oppressed
and tormented from the cradle to the grave; and which has
not eventualy perished by the sword of the more fortunate,
skilful, or powerful in arms. There is, then, no experience
against peace, for not a single nation has ever been peaceful.
All the experience of history is against war, for all nations
have been warlike. History teaches us, not that the
peaceful are the prey of the warlike, but that the warlike
have always been the victims of the warlike. And while
nations continue to act the part which they have ever acted,
since the opening of the grand historical Tragedy of War,
must not things remain the same? You will answer yes,
because you say, " I fear that wars cannot and will not cease,
till the will of God on this point shall be manifested by
miracles, which shall constraip the obedience of man.”-
And has not the will of God been manifested on this point?
You admit it, because you acknowledge that Peace Pripci-
ples are " the divine teachings of the Savior, in the Sermon
on the Mount.” And has not that Will been manifested by
miracles ? What was the life of the Savior and his
Apostles, after entering on his public ministry, but a series
of miraculous proofs of the truth of his religion, of the
faithfulness of God, and of the beauty, value and authority
of Peace Principles ? And are miracles still called for,
to constrain the obedience of man ?" Is not the answer
to that call, like the answer of Abraham to the rich man ?
They have the Sermon on the Mount and the examples of
Christ, and his Apostles and Disciples, for two hundred
years. If they will not hear them, neither would they be
persuaded though they beheld miracles. Besides, you will
observe that God has never employed miracles, but as proofs
Perhaps I ought to exempt the Quaker colony of Wm. Penn, which
tho' not strictly a nation, had for the purposes of this argument a spe
cies of national existence.
65

8
of the divine authority of the Teacher, and of the truth of
his revelation. He never has employed them to accomplish
a revolution in Society or Government. On the contrary
he has uniformly acted on man, as the subject of govern-
ment, and susceptible to the influence of moral considera-
tions. What but the faithfulness of his servants, unaided
by miracles, has accomplished the vast amount of good,
which they have done in Protestant countries within the last
three bundred years, through the medium of religion and edu-
cation, government, science and literature ? Let Christians
be faithful to the cause of Peace and they may expect even
a greater blessing on their labors. At all events, it is their
duty to give the example. Paul or Apollos may sow the
precious seed of gospel love, but God only can give the
increase. Let the thirteen hundred and twenty-four thou-
sand communicants of these United States be faithful
subjects of the Prince of Peace, and will you need miracles?
Do you ask miracles to constrain their obedience ? Have
they not dedicated themselves as servants of the Prince of
PEACE, to do his will and not their own? Have they not
vowed fidelity to the Sermon on the Mount? Let them be
faithful, and they need no miracles. Let them be unfaithful,
and they deserve none.
Yours, Truly,
THOMAS S. GRIMKE.
MR. GRIMKE'S PETITION.
SOUTH-CAROLINA.
To the President and other members of the House of
Representatives of the said State,
The Petition of Thomas S. Grimke
SHEWETH,
That your petitioner is above the age of forty-five and
was
therefore
exempt, according to the militia laws hereto-
fore prevailing, except in extraordinary cases. As however
the whole system is now to be re-organized, and those above
forty-five are to be also calld out, he begs leave to lay
before you his peculiar case, and to ask of the liberality and
justice of his native State, an exemption from all Militia
Duty

9
The ground on which your petitioner rests his application,
has nothing to do with political opinions, at this or any
other period. He places his request exclusively on religious
ground ; unconnected with any party politics. Having
been led, about a year since, to consider the question of the
Jawfulness of War, he came to the conclusion, after a
careful examination of the subject, that WAR, under any
circumstances, in any form, and at any time, is unlawful in
a Christian, and absolutely irreconcilable with the spirit of
humility and forbearance, of peace and love, not only taught,
but commanded in the Gospel. His conscience having been
thus satisfied, and his understanding convinced, he has not
hesitated to declare those sentiments and to publish them,
as opportunity offerd, not doubting in the least, their truth
and obligation. For the sincerity of these opinions, your
petitioner can only refer to the best testimony which man
can offer to his fellow man, the uniform tenor of his public
and private life. To the same he would ask leave to refer,
to show that he is not influenced by any unworthy motive, in
making this request ; but solely by scruples of conscience,
and by a strength of conviction, which is built on the doc-
trines of the New Testament. He may be allowd to add,
in corroboration of the bonesty of those scruples, and the
strength of that conviction, what might appear surprising to
others, that he knows not his own heart if he would return
a blow, however insolent or unprovoked ; and nothing, but
the loss of self-command, he verily believes, could ever
induce him to take another's life to save his own.
Your Petitioner trusts that the prayer of his petition may
be granted ; that the same spirit, which has respected the
scruples of those who affirm, but will not swear, and of
those who regard Saturday as their Sabbath, and are there-
fore excused from jury duty on that day, may respect his
scruples, on a far more solemn and important subject, the
right to take life and the obligation to bear arms.
his opinion will be an act of magnanimity, and of justice to
the rights of conscience : and can be no disadvantage to
the public ; as your petitioner knows of no other person
in the State who is of the same opinion. This, he frankly
admits, may be a strong argument to prove that he is in er-
ror, but is it not a still stronger one to establish the strength of
his conviction and the sincerity of his scruples? That he
thus exposes himself in the cause of conscience to the
ridicule and contempt, to the misapprehensions and misre-
presentations of prejudice and passion, of courage, pride,
and honor, may be an argument of folly and weakuess, but
2
To grant

10
will be received, he trusts, as conclusive to show that he
values such considerations but little, in comparison of what
he conceives to become him, under the obligations of Chris-
tian duty, Independence and Frankness.
In presenting this request to the Senate, your Petitioner
conceives that he is doing an act of justice to the State and
to himself; to the State, because he knows that no exemp-
tion could be granted in his case, but by the Legislature,
and to himself, because he is bound, if the ordinary means
of petition will avail him, to secure what he regards a se
cred right and duty.

11
ON MANUAL LABOR SCHOOLS.
New-York, November 29, 1832.
HON. THOMAS S. GRIMKE :-
The Executive Committee of the Association for the
promotion of Physical Education in Literary Institutions,
expect soon to publish a Report, embodying a variety of
facts, details, results of experiment, opinions of distinguished
literary gentlenien, testimony of eminent medical men, &c.,
respecting the influence of Physical Exercise upon health,
intellect, moral feelings, habits and character.
The Committee aware, Sir, of the intelligent regard which
you have always manifested for every thing which bas a
bearing upon the highest interests of Education, bave in-
structed me to propose for your consideration, the following
questions, and respectfully to solicit a written answer to
each, together with such general suggestions as you may
deem proper.
1st. Have your experience and observation convinced you
of the importance of regular exercise for the preservation
of health ?
2d. Has such exercise a favorable influence on the mind?
has it a tendency to clarify perception, to quicken the sug-
gestive principle, to render more acute the power of inves-
tigation and analysis, and generally, to compact and give
impulse to mental energy?
3d. Would the employment of three hours in exercise
each day, if suitably distributed, retard the progress of the
student, in case it should be persevered in through an entire
course of study?
4th. To what species of exercise would you award the
preference, to gymnastic, (or where they can be provided)
agricultural, and mechanical; and upon what grounds would
you award such preference ?
5th. If agricultural or machanical labor were provided
for students of our literary institutions, and they should
cheerfully devote a portion of each day to such exercise,
what would be the practical effect upon the community?
Would it probably have a tendency to establish common
bonds of sympathy between the learned and faboring
classes ? Would it make labor honorable, and the labor-
ing man more respected ? Would its political influence
probably contribute to the perpetuity of our free institu-
sions ?

12
Permit me, Sir, to express the hope that you will not feel
yourself confined within the boundary marked out by the
questions. The field is open, without limit, please traverse
it in any direction, and to any extent that may at all com.
port with your multiplied duties.
The great and growing evils resulting from insufficient
exercise during a course of study--the wane of health-the
eclipse of intellect--the prostration of usefulness-and the
annihilation of hopes-constitute such an imperative neces-
sity for action, if not in applying a remedy for what is, at
Jeast by way of prevention for what may be, that the Com-
mittee are persuaded you will, Sir, feel yourself warranted
in making a contribution from your abundant resources to
the common stock of facts and opinions, to which they have
already received liberal subscriptions from many of our
distinguished literary men.
The Committee the more cheerfully make application to
you, Sir, because they find in your history, a guarantee
which enboldens them to solicit your aid in this matter of
common and vital concernment to the interests of the com-
munity ; beside their object is purely benevolent; their sole
aim is to embody facts and opinions derived from the highest
authority, and gratuitously to distribute the information thus
procured, over all the States ; and by an intelligent appeal
to the sober sense of the community-lo human sympathy
to philanthropy--to patriotisn--to religion-endeavor te
procure such an enlistment of energy as will arrest the
march of a destroyer, which, while it spares the multitude,
singles out its victims, and deals its death-blows only among
the ranks of the mighty.
Will you,
Sır, have the goodness to direct your commu-
nication to Theodore D. Weld, care of Lewis Tappan, Esq.
New-York City.
As early an answer as may comport with your convenience
is earnestly solicited.
With great respect, am Sir, your most obd't se
THEODORE D. WELD,
In behalf of the Executive Committee.

13
Magnolia, St. Andrew's Parish, Dec. 26, 1832.
DEAR SIR
I acail myself of a temporary retirement from the bustle
of the City, to reply, as I ought to have done earlier to your
leter of 29th ultimo. It gives me pleasure to cast a
mite into a treasury already doubtless so rich, in the valua-
ble observations and experience of so many Students and
practical men. I shall proceed accordingly to state your
questions, and shall annex my reply to each.
Ist. Have your experience and observation convinced
you of the importance of regular exercise for the preserva-
tion of health ? I did not become sensible of the impor-
tance of exercise to health, until after I went to Yale in the
Spriog of 1805. But I was soon convinced of the absolute
necessity of such a plan; and I pursued it steadily durmg
my residence at the North. Perhaps, I ought to mention,
that my perseverance was due not only to a conviction of
the obligation and expediency of the system, but likewise
to the inexhaustible source of enjoyments, which I found in
the contemplation of the beauties of nature. Those I
studied as minutely and constantly during my walks, as the
Classics or Mathematics during College hours. I mention
the circumstance, because I found it a most valuable aux-
iliary in acquiring and preserving a habit so indispensable
above all to the Student. I may also add, that I observed,
pretty steadily, the rules recommended by Dr. Whitaker,
to John Boyse, one of the translators of King James' Bi-
ble: 1, to study standing or walking ; 2, not to study after
it had become so dark, as to render it necessary to remove
to a window; and 3, never to go to bed with cold feet.
For many years after my return from College, I did not
adhere to any regular system of exercise ; and I suffered
in consequence of this veglect both in mind and in body.
For
some years past, I have resumed the habit, and still
pursue my College plan with unquestionable benefit. In a
word, I doubt whether I could have gone through College
without the system of constant exercise, and I am perfectly
satisfied, that iſ still living, I should be a martyr to ill health,
with a broken if not a ruined constitution.
2d. Has such exercise a favorable influence on the mind,
&c.? No one can doubt this, who has ever paid the least
attention to the constant action and re-action of mind and
body. My experience and observation have convinced me,
that even moderate but stated exercise invigorates the me-
mory, strengthens the power of thought, quickens the per-

14
ers.
ceptive faculty, animates the fancy, purifies the taste, and
imparts fresh activity to the principle of association. In a
word, such a habit creates a greater capacity for mental
labor, a more enduring energy, a loftier enthusiasm, a more
perfect harmony in the whole system of intelectual pow.
The Student who neglects such an auxiliary to his
mental discipline and progress, is eminently unwise, if we
i cousider only himself; but ungrateful and criminal too, if we
regard his obligation to God, and his fellow-men, to his
country and kindred.
3d. Would the employment of three hours in exercise
each day, if suitably distributed, retard the progress of the
Student, in case it should be persevered in, through an en-
tire course of study? My own experience answers un-
hesitatingly, that in such a case, not only the progress of
the Student will not be retarded, but it will be sensibly and
greatly accelerated. I hold so decisive an opinion on the
subject, that I am satified, cæteris paribus, a Student with
three hours exercise and nine hours study, will accomplish
far more in a series of years, than another with fourteen
hours study and no exercise.
4th. To what species of exercise would you award the
preference, to gymnastic (or where it can be provided) agria
cultural and mechanical, and upon what grounds would
you award such preference? To the latter beyond all
question. My reasons for the preference are these : 1,
Agricultural and mechanical employments, for I would
combine them if practicable, are in themselves actualy
useful and profitable, and contain therefore a motive of
great value. For whether the Student is eventualy to be a
Divine or a Lawyer, a Scholar, Physician or Merchant, he
would find the knowledge thus acquired valuable to him.
Among the ancient Jews, however well educated, every child
was brought up to a trade. Personal independence is one of
the parts of such education ; and a better economy results
necessarily from the knowledge thus acquired. Both of
these are especialy important to all, whose ultimate resi-
dence may be in the country or in villages. 2, I should
esteem ii an important reason for the preference, that such
a plan would multiply the associations and sympathies be-
tween the best and the least educated classes of our coun-
try, would give to those a greater influence over these, and
would elevate these, by elevating their pursuits in the so-
cial scale. 3, Agricultural and mechanical employments
have a third advantage over gymnastic exercises in this,
that on account of the science and knowledge, the skill

15
can.
and ingenuity which they require, they create a more va
rious and permanent interest in themselves, thus combining
utility and pleasure in a higher degree than gymnastics;
and manifestly exercising the mind gently and effectually
in common with the body, much more than their competitor
4, A large portion of the pleasure and benefit deriv-
ed from gymnastics, seems to me to arise, from their not
only admitting but almost requiring several persons together
to carry them on. Now, I esteem it an advantage, that
agricultural and mechanical pursuits are equally adapted
to social and solitary employment; and that they furnish a
happy variety of in-door and outdoor labor. 5, The
last reason which I shall assign for my preference is to be
found in the fact that gymnastics are exercise for the sake
of exercise ; but agriculture and mechanics are not so.
The remark is so often made, that exercise for the sake of
exercise of little advantage, that I attach much impor-
tance to it, in the case of others; tho' my own expe-
rience is the other way. I ought however to remark,
that I have very generaly made my seasons of exercise
subservient to the study of external objects, of nature and
art, whether in town or country, in the garden or the field;
in the street or on the road. It has never been my practice
to study, while thus taking exercise ; though I have occa-
sionaly employed my mind on subjects, upon which I was
reading or writing--or upon which I had to speak. Most
commonly the mind is entirely unoccupied, or I have spent
a portion of it in repeating, criticizing and comparing select
passages of poetry, of which I have been able at intervals,
in a course of years, to treasure up some thousands of lines.
5th. I have already anticipated a portion of this question ;
but shall reply to the rest. The practical effect upon the
community would undoubtedly be wholesome, both in a
domestic and social point of view; nor ought we to forget
that in this mode a happy effect would be produced in rela-
tion to children, by substituting valuable employments, ia
the place of the frivolous, and many times pernicious, and
mischievous anusements to which they resort. Josiah
Holbrook is undoubtedly right when he says, that the mis-
chief of children is nothing more nor less than the amuse-
ments, which they select for themselves; because their pa-
rents provide none for them. Let the amusements of the
father be agricultural and mechanical, and he will very
naturaly lead his children to resort to similar recreations.
Thus a new bond of union will spring up between parent
and child. The various reasons, which I have assigned for

16
giving the preference to agriculture and the mechanic arts,
over gymnastic exercises, amply testify my opinion, that
those are well calculated to exert a salutary influence over
all our institutions.
Permit me, before I close this reply to your questions, to
make two remarks. First: My own plan would be to de-
dicate the three hours thus-one to mechanical employ-
ments; a second to agriculture, and a third to gardening,
embracing not only the objects of the kitchen garden, but
likewise flowers, shrubs and ornamental trees. Second : I
regard the practical value of a knowledge of the mechanic
arts to be so great, that independently of other objections
to, and of other substitutes for the higher branches of the clas-
sics and mathematics taught in our Colleges, I should rejoice
to see them expunged fom the Catalogue of Academic pur-
suits, in favor of a koowledge of shipbuilding, of civil erchitec-
ture, of machinery, especialy of the steam engin, and of
the various manufactures, wherever they were accessible to
the Student and his Instructor. I am sure that such a plan
would not degrade the sciences and literature; I know with
absolute certainty, that it would elevate and dignify the
Arts. Respectfully,
THOMAS S. GRIMKE.
THEODORE D. WELD, Esq.
c2
1833
Grinké, Thomas Smith
colorate