Liberty Luminants
EXTRACTED LARGELY FROM THE WRITINGS OF
MONTAIGNE, PAINE, THOREAU, EMERSON
AND TOLSTOY-GAUL, ANGLO-SAxONS,
SLAV-EACH SECURE ON FAME'S
ETERNAL BEAD ROLL.
"For always in thine eyes, 0 Liberty!
Shines that high light whereby the world is saved;
And though thou slay us, we will trust in thee. "
Comradie of common people, will you; won't yot, can't "*y
become as little children," and. in reading these lines and
between these lines, catch now-and-again glints of the Glory
that Mother Liberty holds in solution for the race when the
units will trust her?
Both sides must in justice be heard before
righteous judgment can be rendered.
A TRACT FOR THE TIMES
FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION.
HENRY BOOL, PUBLISHER,
ITHACA, N. Y.
Earnest invitation for open-minded reading of this
TBookst is hereby extended. Should you not cars to r#ed,
retain  or band to a friend who will do so, publsber
will look upon it as a favor to haw it returned to him.
"-*Written by John Hay in lang-sye days, whea, it would4
som, true liberty-sap was in him








Lab,
L c. t            I
DEDICATION.
These excerpts are dedicated to the fouith
estate in the hope that such goodly company
may-perchance-induce it to boost the     hoary
movement in favor of ignorance less, and help
along the modern movement for public enlightenment more, despite the following lamentable facts
as set down in the "Confessions of A Provincial
Editor," that: "The ultimate editor of a small
newspaper is the advertiser, the biggest advertiser is the politician." This is a maxim experience has ground with its heel into the fabric of
my soul. We all remember Emerson's brilliant;
ly un-New-England advice, "Hitch your wagon
to a star." This saying is of no value to newspapers, for they find stars poor motive power.
Theoretically, it must be granted that newspapers, of all business ventures, should properly be
hitched to a star. Yet I have found that if any
hitching is to be done it must be to the successful politician. Amending Mr. Emerson, I have
found it the best rule to "Yoke your newspaper
to the politician  in  power." * * * I have
reached the "masses." I tell people what they
knew before hand, and thus flatter them. Aiming to instruct them, I should offend. God  is
with the biggest circulations, and we must have
them even if we appeal to class prejudice now
and   then.  "Paracelsus."-Atlantic   Monthly,
March, 1902.




INTRODUCTION.


"Above all nations is humanity." Emblematic
of this now much obscured truth, and devoid of
art or method, there are here stitched together
sincere thoughts from  the intellect of about
all the "civilized" nations of this earth. Even
the "barbarian" Boer, Filipino, and Cuban, can be
depended on for grist to this God's liberty mill.
Indeed, in the words of the Hibernian metaphor,
no adult "can open his mouth without putting his
foot in it," as to undying love for freedom.
"One can lead a horse to water, but fifty can't
make it drink." Now in a way that's much the
same, opportunity   may   be  offered  for  the
slaking of mental thirst, and yet the offer be far
from accepted of the very ones that should be the
most famished. Yet it is essential for each genus
homo to taste for itself or be merely human driftwood.
You are here and now offered a few      drops
from the bucket of emancipation literature. It
is to be hoped you will drink thereof.




LIBERTY LUMINANTS.
Chains are not other than chains though fashioned of gold, I cry;
Nor is liberty less than a boon, though thou
hast but a cup and a crust.
Better a bed in the fields and a man's heart at
dawn in the sky
Than a luxury great as a king's where a voice
ever utters, "Thou must."
-William Francis Barnard.
SELF-OWNERSHIP.
AS TAUGHT BY MONTAIGNE.
Do thy deed and know thyself.
A wise man never loses anything if he have
himself.
You and a companion are theatre enough to
one another, or you to yourself.
The greatest thing in the world is for a man
to know that he is his own.
You are no more to concern yourself how the
world talks of you, but how you are to talik to
yourself.
We must break the knot of our obligations,
how strong soever, and hereafter love this or
that, but espouse nothing but ourselves.
We ought to hold with all our force, both of
hands and teeth the use of the pleasures of
life that one after another our years snatch
away from us.
Myself am the matter of my book; there's no




6
reason thou should'st employ thy leisure about
so frivolous and   vain  a  subject. Therefore,
farewell.-From  the Preface!to his Essays.
To speak less of one's self than, what one really
is, is folly, not modesty; and to take that for
current pay which is under a man's value is
pusillanimity -and cowardice.
Retire yourself into yourself, but first prepare
yourself there to receive yourself; it were folly
to trust yourself in yout own hands if you cannot
govern yourself.
We have lived long enough for others; let us,
at least, live out the small remnant of life for
ourselves; let us now call in our thoughts: nd
intentions to ourselves.
It is a  wretched   and  dangerous thing   to
depend upon others; we ourselves, in whom    is
ever the most just and safest dependence, are
not sufficiently sure. I have nothing mine but
myself.
It is not enough to get remote from the public;
'tis not enough to shift the soil only; a man must
flee from the popular conditions that have taken
possession of his soul, he must sequester and
come again to himself.
Let us so order it that our content may depend
wholly upon ourselves; let us dissolve all obligations that ally us to others; let us obtain this
from ourselves, ithat we may live alone in good
earnest and live at our ease too.
RENDER     TRUE    REPORT.
I am of opinion -that a man must be very
cautious how he values himself and equally conscientious to give a true report, be it better, or
worse, impartially. If I thought myself perfectly
good and wise I would rattle it out to some purpose.
My trade and art is to live; he that forbids me
to speak according to my own sense, experience
and practice, may as well enjoin an architect
not to speak of building according to his own
knowledge, but according to that of his neighbor;
*            "^ *1  i;  '*  -*




7
according to the knowledge of another and not
according to his own.
Our own death does not sufficiently terrify and
trouble us; let us, moreover, charge ourselves
with those of our wives, children and family:
our own affairs do not afford us anxiety enough;
let us undertake those of our neighbors and
friends, still more to break our brains and torment us.
As for the fine saying, with which ambition
and avarice palliate their vices, that we are not
born for ourselves but for the public, let us
boldly appeal to those who are in public affairs;
let them,lay their hands upon their hearts and
then say whether, on the contrary, they do rather
aspire to titles and offices and that tumult of the
world to make their private advantage at the
public expense.
The laws keep up their credit, not by being
just, but because they are laws; 'tis the mystle
foundation of their authority; they have no other,
and it well answers their purpose. They are often
made by fools, still oftener by men who, out of
hatred to equality fail in equity; but always by
men, vain and irresolute authors. There is nothing so much, nor so giossly, nor so ordinarily
faulty, as the laws. Whoever obeys them because they are just, does not justly obey them
as he ought.
In our ordinary actions there is not one of a
thousand that concern ourselves. He that thou
seest scrambling up the ruine of the wall, furious
and 'transported, against whom, so many shots
are levelled; and that other all over seears,.1pale
and fainting with hunger, and yet resolved rather
to die than to open the gates to him; dost thou
think 'that these men,are there upon their own
account? No; peradventure in the behalf of one
whom they never saw and who never concerns
himself for their pains and danger, but,lies wallowing the while in sloth and pleasure.




8.
REVOLT.
Rail, spirit of revolt, thou spirit of life,
Child of the ideal, daughter of the far-away truth!
Without thee nations drag on in a living death;
Without thee is stagnation and arrested growth:
Without thee Europe and America would be sunk
in China's lethargy,
Smothered in the past, having no horizon but the
actual.
Hail, spirit of revolt, thou spirit of life,
Child of eternal love,Love rebelling against lovelessness, life rebelling
against death!
Rise at last to the full measure of thy birthright;
Spurn the puny weapons of hate and oppression;
Fix rather thy calm, burning, protesting eyes on
all the myriad shams of man and they will
fade away in thinnest air;
Gaze upon thy gainsayers until they see and feel
the truth and love that begat and bore thee.
Thus and thus only give form and body to thy
noblest aspirations,
And we shall see done on earth as it is in heaven
God's ever living, growing, ripening will.
Ernest Crosby.
0
EGOISM.
AS TAUGHT BY THOMAS PAINE.
"A great part of that order which reigns among
mankind is not the effect of government. It had
its origin in the principles of society, and the
natural constitution of rmin. It existed prior to
government, and would exist if the formality of
government was abolished. The mutual dependence and reciprocal interest which man has in
man, and all the parts of a civilized community
upon each other, create that great chain of connection which holds it together.
"Government is no further necesary than to




9
supply the few cases to which society and civilization are not conveniently competent; and instances are not wanting to show that everything
which government can usefully add thereto, has
been performed by the common consent of society, without government.
"For upwards of two years from the commencement of the American war, and a longer period
in several of the American states, there were no
established forms of government. The old governments had been abolished, and the country
was too much occupied in defence to employ its
attention in establishing a new government; yet,
during this interval order and harmony were preserved as inviolate as in any country in Europe.
There is a natural aptness In man, and more so
in society, because it embraces a greater variety
of abilities, and resources, to accommodate itself
to whatever situation it is in.
"The instant formal government is abolished,
society begins to act. A general association takes
place, and the common interest produces common
security.
So far is it from being true, as has been pretended, that the abolition of any formal government is -the dissolution of society, it acts by a
contrary impulse, and brings the latter closer together.
"Formal governments make but a small part of
civilized *life; and when even the best that numan
wisdom  can devise is establish, it is a thtng
more in name and idea than in fact. It is to
the great and fundamental principles of society
and civilization-to the common usage universally consented to, and mutually and reciprocally
maintained-to the unceasing circulation of interest, which passes through its innumerable
channels, invigorates the whole mase of ievilised
man, it is to these things, infinitely more than
anything which even the best inetituted governments can perform, that the safety and prosperity of the individual and of the whole depends.
"The more perfect civilization is, the less occa



10
sion has it for government, because the more does
it regulate its own affairs and govern itself; but
so contrary is the practice of old governments
to the reason of the case, that 'the expenses of
them  increase in the proportion they ought to
diminish. It is but few general laws that civilized life requires, and those of such common usefulness, that whether they are enforced by the
forms of government or not, the effect will be
nearly the same. If we consider what the principles are -that first condense men into society,
and what the motives that regulate their mutual
intercourse afterwards, we shall find by the time
that we arnve at what is called government,
that nearly the whole of the business is performed by the natural operations of the parts
upon each other.
",Man, with respect to all those matters, is
more a creature of consistency than he is aware
of, or that governments would, wish him to believe.  All the great laws of society are laws
of nature. Those of trade and commerce, whether with respect to the intercourse of individuals;
or of nations, are-laws of naturaEl and reciprocal
interest. They are followed and obeyed, because
it is the interest of the parties so to do, and not
on account of any formal laws their government
may impose or interpose."-Rights of Man.
0
------0------
ANARCHISM        is,   logical  choice-making
between Freedom   and Force.
Between Reason and Rome.
Between Liberty and Slavery.
Between Honesty and Thievery.
Between Truth and Falsehood.
Between Justice and Tyranny.




11
SELF-HELP.
AS TAUGHT       BY  THOREAU.
Thoreau had watched (Human) Nature like a
detective who is to go upon the stand.-Lowell.
Cease to gnaw the crust. There is ripe fruit
over your head.-Summer.
This life is not for complaint but for satisfaction.-Letter.
To reject religion is the first step towards
moral excellence.-Estsay.
The whole duty of man may be expressed in
one line: Make to yourself a perfect body.Summer.
All the world is forward to prompt him who
gets up to live without his creed in his pocket.Week.
In what concerns you much, do not think that
you have companions: know,that you are a-lone
in the world.-Letter.
There is no more fatal blunderer than he who
consumes the greater part of his. life getting his
living.-Life without Principle.
If there is an experiment which you would like
to try. try it.  Do not entertain doubts if they
are not agreeable to you.-Letter.
Do not be too moral. You may cheat yourself
out of much life so. Aim above morality. Be
not simply good; be good for something.-Letter.
The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has
no schemcs; he sees no rafter, not even a cobweb
against the heavens, it is clear esy.-Week.
He is the true artist wnose life is his material.
Every stroke of the chisel must enter his own
flesh and bones and not grate dully on marble.Summer.
The man who goes alone can start to-day; but
he who travels with another must wait till that
other is ready, and it may be a long time before
they get off.-Walden.
There is something servile in the habit of seeking after a law which. we may obey. We may
study the laws of matter at and for our conve/




12
nience, but a successful life knows no law.Walking.
If you would travel farther than all itravellers,
be naturalized in all climes, and cause the Sphinx
to dash her head against a stone, ever obey thE
precept of the old philosopher and explore thyself.-Walden.
Warm   your body by healthful exercise, not
by cowering over a stove. Warm your spirit by
performing independently noble deeds, not by ignobly seeking the sympathy of your fellows who
are no better than yourself.--Chastity and Sensuality.
The philanthropist too often surrounds mankind
with the remembrance of his own cast-off griefs
as an atmosphere, and calls it sympathy. We
should impart our courage, and not our disease,
and take care that this does not spread by contagion.-Walden.
In proportion as our inward life fails, we go
more constantly ana desperately to the post office.
You may depend on it, that the poor fellow who
walks away with the greatest number of letters,
proud" of his extensive correspondence, has not
heard from h:imself this long while.-Life without
Principle.
Will the government never be so well adminietered, inquired one, that we private men shall hear
nothing about it?
THE   CRITERION.
"The king answered. 'At all events, I require a
prudent and able man, who is capable of managing the state affairs of my kingdom.' The exminister said, 'The criterion, 0 Sire! of a wise
and competent man, is, that he will not meddle
with such like matters." Alas, that the ex-minister should have been so nearly right.
In my short experience of human life, the outward obstaclee, if there were any such, have not
been living men, but the institutions of the dead.
I have not so surely forseen that 'any Cossack
or Ohippeway would come to disturb the honest




13
and simple commonwealth, as that some monster
institution would at length embrace and crush
its free members in its scaly folds; for it is not
to be forgotten, that while the law holds fast
the thief and murderer, it lets itself go loose.
When I have not paid the tax which the state
demanded for that protection which I did not
want, itself has robbed me; when I have asserted the liberty it presumed to declare, itself has
imprisoned me.
I love man-kind, but I hate the institutions
of the dead unkind.    Men execute nothing so
faithfully as the wills of the dead, to the last
codicil and letter.  They rule this world, and
the living are but their executors. Such foundation, too, have our lectures and our sermons
commonly. They are all Dudelian; and piety derives its origin still from  that exploit of pius
Aeneas, who bore his father, A    tnehises, on his
shoulders from  the ruins of Troy.   Or rather,
like some Indian tribes, we bear about with us
the mouldering relics of our ancestors on our
shoulders. If; for instance, a man asserts the
value of individual' liberty over the merely political commonweal, his neighbor still tolerates him,
that is he who is. living near him, sometimes
even sustains him, but never the State.
Its officer as a living man, may have human
virtues and a thought in his brain, but as the
tool of an institution, a jailor or constable it
may be, he is not a whit superior to his prison
key or his staff.
Herein is the tragedy; that men doing outrage
to their proper natures, even those called wise
and good, lend themselves to perform the office
of inferior and brutal ones.
Hence came war and elavery, in; and what else
may not come in by this opening? But certainly
there are modes by which a man may put-bread
into his mouth which will not prejudice him as a
companion and neighbor.




14
Now turn again, turn again, said the pinder,
For a wrong way you have gone.
For you have forsaken the king's highway,
And made a path over the corn.
Undoubtedly, countless reforms are called for,
because society is not animated, or instinct
enough with life, but in the condition of some
snakes which I have seen in early spring, with
alternate portions of their bodies torpid and flex*
ible, so that they could wriggle neither way.
All men are partially buried in the grave of
custom, and of some we see only the crown of
their head albove ground. Petter are they physically dead, for they more lively rot.
Even virtue is no longer such if it be stagnant.
A man's life should be constantly as fresh as this
river. It should be the same channel, but a few
water every instant.
-A Week on the Concord and Merrimac
rivers.
CIVIL   DISOBEDIENCE.
"I heartily accept the motto, 'That government
is best which governs least;' and I should like
to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this,
which also I believe: 'That government is best
which governs not at all;' and when men are prepared for it that will be the kind of government
which they will have....
"It is not a man's duty, as a matter of course,
to devote himself to the eradication of any, even
the most enormous, wrong; he may properly have
other concerns to engage him; but it is his duty
at least, to wash tis hands of it and, if he gives
it no thought longer, not to give it practically
his support......
"I do not hesitate to say that those who call
themselves Abolitionists should at once effectually withdraw their support:both in person and
property from the government of Massachusetts,
and not wait till they constitute a majority of




16
one before they suffer the right to prevail
through them. I think it is enough if they have
God on their side without waiting for that other
one. Moreover, any man more right than his
neighbors constitutes a majority of one already."
"Itf a thousand men were not to pay their tax
bills -this year, that would not be a violent and
bloody measure, as it would be to pay tiem, and
enable the state to commit violence and shed innocent blood. This is, in fact,, the definition of
a peaceful revolution, if any such is possible.
If the tax gatherer or any other public officer
asks me, as one has done, 'But what shall I do?'
my answer is, 'If you really wish to do anything,
resign your office.' When the subject has refused
to pay allegiance, and the officer has resigned his
office, then the revolution is accomplished."Civil Disobedience.
Should one man, ten men, fifty 'housand laugh
Because thy thoughts breed folly in their minds,
Fear not. Think on. Such langhter is but chaff,
Mere dross of reason wasted by the winds.
Should one man, ten men, fifty thousand cry
"Thy words are false. Forbear thou to condemn!"
PIear not. Say on. Time's self shall justify:
Thy words shall live, and give the lie to them.
Should one man, ten men, fifty thousand curse
These acts of thine that counter to their will,
Fear not. Act on. Have courage! Which is
worse,
To die for truth-or live-to die for nil?
-W. L. Bultitaft.




16
SELF-GOVERNMENT.
AS TAUGHT BY EMERSON.
So far as a man thinks, he is free. Nothing is
more disgusting than the crowing about liberty
by slaves, as most men are, and the flippant mistaking for freedom of some paper preamble like
a "Declaration of Independence," or the statute
right to vote, by those who have never dared to
think or act.
Every man is a consumer and ought to be a
producer.
I do not wish to live to wear out my old boots.
The integrity of our own mind is the only sacred thing.
History has been mean; our nations have been
mobs; we have never seen a man.
He who feeds men serves a few,
He serves all who dares be true.
Goodness dies in wishes; as Voltaire said, "'Tis
the misfortune of worthy people that they are
cowards."
No picture of life can have any veracity which
does not admit the odious facts.
If in the hours of clear reason we should speak
the severest truth, we should say that we had
never made a sacrifice.
We must ask why health and beauty and genius should now be the exception rather than the
rule of human nature.
What quantities of invalids, politicians, thieves,
might be advantageously spared; * * * quantitles of poor lives, of distressing invalfds, of
cases for a gun.
There is no virtue which is final; all are initial.
The virtues of society are vices of the saint. The
terror of reform lt the discovery that we must
east away one virtue, or what we have always
esteemed such, into the same pit that has coneumed our grosser vices.
The one serious and formidable thing in nature
Is will. Society is servile from want of will, and
thierefore the world wants saviours and religions.




17
One way is right to go: the hero sees it, and
moves on that aim, and has the world under him
for root and support. H- is to others as the
world. His approbation is honour; his dissent,
infamy.
Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the
manhood of every one of its members.
The doctrine of hate must be preached as the
counteraction of the doctrine of -love when that
Spules and whines.
As long as our civilization is essentially one of
property, of fences, of exclusiveness, it will be
mocked by delusion. Our riches will leave us
sick; there will be bitterness in our laughter; and
our wine will burn our mouth. Only that good
profits which we can taste with all doors open,
and which serves all men.
Though we travel the world over to find the
beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it
not.
What forests of laurel we bring, and the tears
of mankind, to those who stand firm against the
opinions of their contemporaries! The measure
of a master is his success in bringing all men
'round to his opinion twenty years later.
Difference of opinion is 'the one crime which
kings never forgive.
Where there is no 'vision, the people perish.
An individual man is a fruit which it cost all
the foregoing ages to form and ripen.
AN AWAKING WORLD.
The world is awaking to the idea of union. *
* * It is and will be magic. Men will live and
communicate and plow, and reap, and govern, as
by added ethereal power, when once they are
united. * * * But this union must be inward
and not one of the covenants, and is to be reached
by the reverse of the methods they use. The
union is only perfect when all the uniters are isolated. It is the union of friends who live in d(ifferent. streets or towuno l.ach man, it he at



18
tenmpts to join himself to others, is on all sides
cramped and diminished of his proportion; and
the stricter the union the smaller and more pitiful he is. But leave him alone to recognize in
every hour and place the secret soul, he will go
up and down doing the works of a true member,
and, to the astonishment of all, the work will be
done with concert, tho no man spoke. Government will be adamantine without any governor.
The union must be ideal in actual individualism.
I can easily see the bankruptcy of the vulgar
musket-worship;-tho  great men    be  musketworshippers;-and 'tis certain as God liveth, the
gun that does not need another gun, the law of
love and justice alone, can effect a clean revolution.
Is not the State a question? All society is
divided in opinion on the subject of the State.
Nobody loves it; great numbers dislike it, and
suffer conscientious scruples to allegiance; and
the only defense set up, is the fear of  doing
worse is disorganizing.
We live in a very low state of the world, and
pay unwilling tribute to governments founded on
force. There is not, among the most religious
and instructed men of the most religious and
civil nations, a reliance on the moral sentiment,
and a sufficient belief in the unity of things, to
persuade them that society can be maintained
without artificial restraints, as well as the solar
system; or that the private citizen might be reasonable, and a good neighbor, without the hint
of a jail or a confiscation. What is strange, too,
there never was in any man sufficient faith in
the power of rectitude to inspire him with the
broad design of renovating the State on the principle of right and love. All those who have pretended this design have been partial reformers,
and have admitted in some manner the supremacy
of the bad State. I do not call to mind a single
human being who has steadily denied the authority of the laws, on the simple ground of his
own moral nature. Such designs, full of genius




19
and full of fate as they are, are not entertained
except avowedly as air-pictures. If the individual who exhibits them dares to think them practicable, he disgusts scholars and churchmen; and
men of talent, and women of superior sentiment,
cannot hide their contempt. Not the less does
nature continue to fill the heart of youth with
suggestions of this enthusiasm, and there are now
men-if indeed I can speak in the plural number
-more exactly I will say, I have just been conversing with one man, to 'whom no weight of adverse experience will make it for one moment
appear possible that thousands of human beings
might exercise toward each other the grandest
and simplest sentiments, as well as a knot of
friends, or a pair of lovers.
THE    STATE A    TRICK.
Every actual State is corrupt. Good men must
not obey the laws too well. What satire on government can equal the severity of censure conveyed in the word "politic," which now for ages
has signified cunning, intimating that the State
is a trick. * * * This undertaking for another
is the blunder which stands in colossal ugliness
in the governments of the world. It is the same
thing in numbers as in a pair, only not quite so
intelligible. I can see well enough a great difference between my setting myself down to a selfcontrol, and my going to make somebody else act
'after my views; but when a quarter of the human
race assume to tell me what I must do, I may be
too much disturbed by the circumstances to see
so clearly  the absurdity  of their command.
Therefore all public ends look vague and quixotic
beside private ones. For any laws but those
which men can make for themselves are laughable. * * * This is the history of governments
-one man does something which is to bind another. A man who cannot be acquainted with me
taxes me; looking from afar at me, ordains that
a part of my labor shall go to this or that whim



20
sical end, not as I, but as he happens to fancy.
Behold the consequence. Of all debts, men are
least willing to pay the taxes. What a satire is
this on government! Everywhere they think they
get their money's worth, except for these. * *
We think our civilization near its meridian, but
we are yet only at the cock-crowing and the
morning star. In our barbarous society the influence of character is in its infancy. is a political power, as the rightful lord who is to tumble'
all rulers from their chairs, its presence is hardly
yet suspected. * * * The tendencies of the
times favor the idea of self-government, and
leave the individual for all code, to the rewards
and penalties of his own constitution, which
work with more energy than we believe, while
we depend on artificial restraints. * * * We
must not imagine that all things are lapsing into
confusion, if every tender protestant be not compelled to bear his part in certain social conventions: nor doubt that roads can be built, letters
carried and the fruit of labor secured, when the
government of force is at an end. Are our methods now so excellent that all competition is hopeless? GCould not a nation of friends even devise
better ways? On the other hand, let not the
most conservative and timid fear anything from
a premature surrender of the bayonet, and the
system of force. For according to the order of
nature, which is quite superior to our will, it
stands thus: there will always be a government
of force wnere men are selfish; and when they
are pure enough to abjure the code of force, they
will be wise enough to see how these public ends
of the post office, of the highway, of commerce,
and the exchange of property, of museums and
libraries, of institutions of art and science, can
be answered.




21
Every good thought ever spoken, every grand
deed ever done,
Is a fresh sword, making surer that our conquest
will be wonConquest over superstition that hath ruled and
ruined long,
Conquest of the captive peoples over mailed and
mitred wrong
In its palaces of splendor and its forts and bulwarks strong!
-Will H. Kernan.
------0-----------
SELF - SOVEREIGNTY IN QUINTESSENCE.
AS TAUGHT BY TOLSTOY.
[Being excerpts from his new book, "The Slavery of Our Times."*]
To Tolstoy's mind, violence done by man to
man is wrong. We cannot escape the wrongness
by doing it wholesale, or by sub-dividing the responsibility.
We can neither revert to the belief that to use
violence is a divine right of kings nor can we
maintain the current belief that to do so is a
divine right of majorities. To be subjected by
force to a rule we disapprove of is slavery, and
we are all slaves or slave owners (sometimes both
together) as long as our society bases itself on
violence.
The mind is more free than the body. Let us,
at least, try to understand' the truth of the matter, and not excuse a vicious system in order to
shelter ourselves.  When we have understood
the matter, let us not fear to speak out; and
F This book-the Grand old Nestor-of-Authors' masterpieceis published, with author's portrait, at $1.25, bound in cloth.
The publisher of this pamphlet will supply the book for 65 cents,
or will lend it freely to anybody in Ithaca who will read it, and
to anybody anywhere when postage is paid. See advertisement
Liberty Lending Library, on page 68 of this booklet.




22
when we have confessed our views, let us try to
bring our lives more and more in harmony with
them.-The above is taken from the introduction
by the translator, Aylmer Maude.
The cause of the miserable condition of the
workers is slavery. The cause of slavery is legislation. Legislation rests on organized violence.
It follows that an improvement in the condition of the people is possible through the abolition of organized violence. * * *
It is said, "How can people live without governments-that is, without violence?"    But it
should, on the contrary, be asked, "How can
people who are rational live, acknowledging that
the vital bond of their social life is violence, and
not reasonable agreement?"
SOne of two things-either people are rational
or irrational beings. If they are irrational beings, then they are irrational, and then everything among them is decided by violence; and
there is no reason why certain people should and
others should not have a right to use violence.
And in that case governni nt violence has no jusa
tification. But if men are rational beings, then
their relations should be based on reason and not
on the violence of those who happen to have
seized power; and, therefore, in that case, again,
governmental violence has no justification.
Slavery results from laws, laws are made by
governments, and, therefore, people can only be
freed from slavery by the abolition of governments.
But how can governments be abolished?
All attempts to get rid of governments by violence have hitherto, always and everywhere, resulted only in this: -that in place of the deposed
governments new    ones established themselves,
often more eruel than those they replaced.
Not to mention past attempts to abolish governments by violence, according to the sociaJist
theory, the coming abolition of the rule of the
capitalists--that is, the communalisation of the
means of production and the new economic order




23
of society-is also to be carried out by a fresh
organization of violence, and will have to be
maintained by the same means.      So that attempts to abolish violence by violence neither
have in the past nor, evidently, can in the future
emancipate people from violence nor, consequently, from slavery.
It cannot be otherwise.
Apart from   outbursts of revenge or anger,
violence is used only in order to compel some
people, against their own will, to do the will of
others.  But the necessity to do what other
people wish against your own will is slavery.
And, therefore, as long as any violence, designed to compel some people to do the will of
others, exists there will be slavery.
VIOLENCE      AGGRAVATES.
All the attempts to abolish slavery by violence are like extinguishing fire with fire, stopping water with water,, or filling up one hole by
digging another.
The chief thing is that the present arrangement of life is bad; about 'that all are agreed.
The cause of the bad conditions and of the, existing slavery lies in the violence used by governments. There is only one way to abolish governmental violence: that people should abstain from
participating in violence. And, therefore, whether it be difficult or not, to abstain from participating in governmental violence, and whether
the good results of such abstinence will or will
not be soon apparent, are superfluous questions;
because to liberate people from slavery there is
only that one way, and no other!
To what extent and when voluntary agreement,
confirmed by custom, will replace violence in
each society and in the whole world will depend on the strength and eagerness of people's
consciousness and on the number of individuals
who make this consciousness their own. Each
of us is a separate person, and each can be a
participator in the general movement of humanity by his greater or lesser clearness of recogni



24
tion of the aim before us, or he can be an opponent of progress. Eacn will have to make his
choice: to oppose the will of God, building upon
the sands the unstable house of his brief, illusive
life, or to join in the eternal, deathless. movement
of true life in accordance with God's will. * * *
Murder is an evil, that I know more certainly
than any reasonings; by demanding that I should
enter the army or pay for hiring and equipping
soldiers, or for buying cannons and 'building ironclads, you wish to make me an accomplice in
murder, and that I cannot and will not be.
Neither do I wish, nor can I, make use of money
you have collected' from  hungry people with
threats of murder; nor do I wish to make use of
lands or capital defended by you, because I
know that your defence rests' on murder.
"I could do these things when I did, not understand all their criminality, but when I have once
seen it, I cannot 'avoid seeing it. and can no ]inger take part in these things.
"I know that we are all so bound up by violence that it is difficult 'to avoid it altogether,
but I will, nevertheless, do all I can not to take
part in it; I will not be an accomplice to it, and
will try not 'to make use of what is obtained
and defended by murder.
"I have but one life, and why should I, in
this brief life of mine, act contrary to the voice
of conscience and become a partner in your
abominable deeds?
"I cannot, and I will not.
"And what will come of this? I do not know.
Only I think that no harm can result from acting
as my conscience demands."
So in our time should each honest and sincere
man reply to all the arguments about the necessity of governments and, of violence, and to
every demand or Invitation to take part in them.
So that the supreme and unimpeachable judge
-the voice of conrclence-confirms to each man
the conclusion to which also general reasoning
should bring us.




25
Then out spake brave Horatius,
The captain of the gate;
"To every man upon this earth
Death cometh soon or late.
And how can men die better
Than facing fearful odds,
For the ashes of his fathers
And the temples of his gods." -Macaulay.
0 -FREEDOM, FREEDOM'S             CURE.
Ariosto tells a pretty story of a fairy who, by
some mysterious law of her nature, was condemned to appear at certain seasons in the form
of a foul and poisonous snake. Those who injured her during the period of her disguise were
forever excluded from participation in the blessings which she bestowed. But to those who, in
spite of her hideous aspect, pitied and protected
her, she afterwards revealed herself in the beautiful and celestial form which was natural to
her, accompanied their steps, granted all their
wishes, filled their houses with wealth, made
them happy in love and victorious in war.
Such a spirit is liberty. At times she takes the
form  of a   hateful reptile. She grovels, she
hisses, she stings. But woe to those who in disgust shall venture to crush her! And happy are
those who, having dared to receive her in her degraded and frightful shape shall at length be rewarded by her in the time of her beauty and glory.
There is onl3 one cure for evils which newly
acquired freedom produces, and that cure is freedom. When a prisoner first leaves his cell, he
cannot bear the light of day, he is unable to discriminate colors, or recognize faces. The remedy
is, to accustom him to the rays of the sun.
The blaze of truth and liberty may at first daszle and bewilder nations which have become half
blind in the house of bondage. But let them
gaze on, and they will soon be able to bear it.
In a few years men learn to reason. The extreme
violence of ovlnions subsides. Hostile theories




26
correct each other. The scattered elements of
truth cease to contend, and begin to coalesce.
And, at length, a system of justice and order
is educed out of the chaos.
Many politicians of our time are in the habit
of laying it down as a self-evident proposition,
that no people ought to be free till they are fit to
use their freedom. The maxim is worthy of the
fool in the old story, who resolved not to go into
the water till he had learned to swim. If men
are to wait for liberty till they become wise and
good in slavery, they may indeed wait forever.
-Macaulay.
0
No-the malady, like many others of the body
politic, cannot be driven off by any purgative of
law. Drastic punishments are impotent to restrain; they will serve only to spread the propaganda of anarchism. We must remember that
courts and prisons, judges and jailers are not,
after all, the great securities of our property
and lives. In the maintenance of a just government, our writs, subpoenas, and decisions are dead
instruments compared with the force of an active
and intelligent public opinion.-Evening Post.
(Unconscious? Anarchy. Italics mine.-Pub.)
The people is a beast of muddy brain
That knows not its own force and therefore
stands
Loaded with wood and stone; the powerless hands
Of a mere child guide it with bit and rein;
One kick would be enough to break the chain;
But the beast fears, and what the child demands,
It does; nor its own terror understands,
Confused and stupefied by bugbears vain.
Most wonderful! with its own hand it ties
And gags itself-gives itself death and war
For pence doled out by kings from its own store.
Its own are all things between earth and heaven;
But this it knows not; and if one arise
To tell this truth, it kills him unforgiven.
-Campanella.




27
"In vain you tell me that artificial government
is good, but that I fall out only with the abuse;
the thing-the thing itself is the abuse."-Burke.
"No person will rule over me with my consent.
I will rule over no man."-Wm. Lloyd Garrison.
"The Lord's Prayer says: Our Father who
art in Heaven. If God is the Father of all men,
all men are brothers, and as brothers all men are
equal. Therefore, all authority arrogated by man
over man is wrong. All government of man over
man is wrong."-Hall Caine.
"The people are governed too much    already,
losing their personal freedom, and multiplying
tyrants."-Judge F. M. Finch.
Majority rule is not founded-any more than
emperor's rule-on reason or justice. There is no
reason or justice in making two men subject to
three men. The opinions of two men are just as
sacred for them as the opinions and interests of
three men are for them. Nobody has the moral
right to seek his own advantage by force. That
is the one unalterable, inviolable condition of a
true society. Whether we are many, or whether
we are few, we must learn only to use the weapons of reason, discussion, and persuasion.
-Hon. A. Herbert.
Force is no remedy.-John Bright.
And the false Democracy parts aside for the
disclosure of the true Democracy which has been
formed beneath it-which is not an external government at all, but an inward rule-the rule of
the mass-Man in each unit-man. For no      outward government can be anything but a makeshift-a temporary hard chrysalis-sheath to hold
the grub together while the new life is forming
inside.-Edward Carpenter.
And this is Liberty-that one grow after the
law of his own life, hindering not another; and
this is Opportunity; and the fruit thereof is Variation; and from the glad growing and the truit



28
feasting comes Sympathy, which is appreciative
and helpful good-fellowship.-J. Win. Lloyd.
Self-development is an aim  for all-an aim
which will make all stronger, and saner, and
wiser, and better. It will make each in the end
more helpful to humanity. To be sound in wind
and limb; to be healthy of body and mind; to
be educated, to be emancipated, to be free, to be
beautiful-these things are ends towards which
all should strain, and by attaining which all are
happier in themselves, and more useful to others.
-Grant Allen.
Everywhere the strong have made +he laws and
oppressed the weak; and, if they have sometimes
consulted the interests of society, they have always forgotten those of humanity.-Turgot.
Society can overlook murder, adultery or swindling; it never forgives the preaching of a new
gospel.-Fiederick Harrison.
Self-love is a necessary, indestructible, universal law  and principle, inseparable from  ever.
kind of love. Religion must and does confirm
this on every page of her history.   Wherever
man tries to resist that human egoism, whether
in religion, philosophy, or politics, he sinKs into
pure nonsense and insanity; for the sense which
forms the foundation of all human instincts, desires and actions, is the satisfaction of the human
being, the satisfaction of human egoism.-Feuerbach.
An ambassador is a man who goes abroad to
lie for the good of his country. A journalist is a
man who stays at home to pursue the same vocation.-Dr. S. Johnson.
Freedom cannot be granted. It must be taken.
The earth is mortgaged to seven speculative
scoundrels. The rest of mankind are necessarily
the slaves thereof.
A race of altruists is necessarily a race of
slaves. A race of freemen is necessarily a race
of egoists.




29
"The great are great only because we are on
our knees. Let us rise!"
The men of future generations will yet win
many a liberty of' which we do not even feel the
want.-Stirner.
One is free in proportion as one is strong;
there is no real liberty save that which one takes
for one's self.-Ib.
Progress is born of doubt and inquiry. The
discoverer of a great truth well knows that it
may be useful to other men, and, as a greedy
with-holding would bring him no enjoyment, he
communicates it.-Ib.
If it be right to me, it is right.-Ib.
After all, the poorest bargain that a human being can make, is to give his individuality for
what is called respectability.-Ingersoll.
Age after age, the strong have trampled upon
the weak; the crafty and heartless have ensnared
and enslaved the simple and innocent, and nowhere, in all the annals of mankind, has any god
succored the oppressed.-Ib.
0
---------0----------
LIGHTNING      FLASiHES     FROM
NIETZSCHE.
Forget this superstition (that the day of noble
deeds is past), steep your souls in Plutarch, and
through believing in his heroes, dare to believe in
yourselves.-Nietzsche.
Whosoever will be free, must make himself,
free: freedom is no fairy's gift to fall into any
man's lap.-Ib.
We still wish to work for our fellow-nmen, but




30
in so far as we find our own highest advantage
in this work, not more, not less.  Everything
depends only on what one regard's as his advantage; the immature, undeveloped, coarse individual will also have the coarsest conception of it.Ib.
The THOU hath been proclaimed holy, but the I
not yet.
What is freedom? To have the will to be responsible for one' self.-Ib.
We carry faithfully what we are given, on hard
shoulders, over rough mountains! And when perspiring, we are told: "Yea, life is hard to Dear!"
But man himself only is hard to bear! The reason
is that he carrieth too many strange things on
his shoulders. Like the camel he kneeleth down
and alloweth the heavy load to be put on his
back.-Ib.
Noble souls wish not to have anything for nothing.-Ib.
---------0----------
VICTORY.
Victory at the end, there's no defeat!
Let tyranny have its day and then depart:
In mankind's teeming brain and throbbing heart
Slow germinate and bloom the measures meet.
There is no shame that shall not be atoned,
No suffering or wrong that can endure;
Humanity is silent but is sure,
Triumph is not abandoned but postponed.
We may not share the glories of the goal,
Nor even view afar the promised land;
Enough to leap a-thrilled at love's command,
Go down in battle with a deathles soul.
The banner's borne aloft above the fray,
We perish, but the truth and victory stay.
-William Mountain.




31
No revolution ever rises above the intellectual
level of those who make it, and little is gained
where one false notion supplants another. But
we must some day, at last and forever, cross the
line between nonsense and commonsense. And
on that day we shall pass from class paternalism,
originally derived from the fetich fiction in times
of universal ignorance, to human brotherhood in
accordance with the nature of things and our
growing knowledge of it; from political government to industrial administration; from competition in individualism to individuality in co-operation; from war and despotism in any form to
peace and liberty.-Thomas Carlyle.
Drop your humility, you know that it is an attitude of hypocrisy based on fear; therefore drop
it. Come out in your true character as master
of all things by your divine right, stand squarely on your own feet, and swear by your own will
instead of God's will. * * * You have either
to be yourself or God. And as you cannot be God
-by which I mean the Invisible and Omnipresent
"Law of Growth-you will have to be yourself.Helen Wilmans.
Intellectual superiority has no more right to get
the better of an inferior in its kind of power
than physical superiority in its kind; time was
when the strong man physically ruled merely
because he was strong; that time has passed.
Now the intellectual man, the cunning man, rules
simply because he is most cunning; law and cunning back him up. This mere cunning, however,
must be stripped of its power; the keen head
should have no more power to tyrannize than the
strong arm.-Dr. E. B. Foote, Jr.
Man will grow, not force, himself free of bars
and keys.  He will ascend to spaces where laws
could not follow him, The state will not be destroyed but will drag more and more behind. The citizenship of a land is not its voting population but
Its faith.  Men vote and thin themselves saved.




32
Legislators pass laws and imagine that social
elriety is conserved.-H. Traubel.
Liberty is the most jealous and exacting!mistress that can beguile the brain and soul of man.
From him who will not give her all, she will
have nothing. She knows that his pretended love
serves but to betray. But when once the fierce
heat of her quenchless, lustrous eyes has burned
into the victim's heart, he will know no other
smile but hers. Liberty Iwill have none but the
great devoted souls, and by her glorious visions,
by her lavish promises, her boundless hopes, her
infinitely witching charms, she lures these victims over hard and stony ways, by desolate,and
dangerous paths, through misery, obloquy and
want to a martyr's cruel death. To-day we pay
our last sad homage to the most devoted lover,
the most abject slave, the    fondest, wildest,
dreamiest victim that ever gave his life to liberty's immortal, hopeless cause.-C. L. Darrow, at
Altgeld's funeral.
-
I know i am restless and make others so,
I know my words are weapons, full of danger,
full of fire,
For I confront peace, security, and all the settled laws, to unsettle them,
I am more resolute because all have denied me
than I.could ever have been had all accepted
me.
I heed not and have never heeded either experience,.caution, majorities, nor ridicule,
And the threat of what is called hell is little or
nothing to me,
And the lure of what is called heaven is little or
nothing to me.
-Walt Whitman.
-------0--o-------
Liberty which is -the nurse of all great wits.
* * * Give me the liberty to know, to utter,
and to argue freely   according to conscience,
above all liberties.-Milton.




33
All of our greatness was born of liberty, even
our commercialism was.rocked in the cradle of
democracy, and we cannot strangle the mother
without destroying her children.-Altgeld.
"* * * Some one is robbing you, brother mine,
sister mine;
The same who leads you in processions;
The same who calls you to prayer,
Your brother is he, too, but has never learned it;
Or has forgotten it.
Some one is robbing you;
The same whom you serve;
The same to whom you pull the forelock;
The same for whom you vote.
As if it were important that he and not the other
should rob you;
Poor, patient, stupid brother!
Is your dinner pail full?
They say that is the way to win you.
They say that get you on your knees, under
stained glass,,
And fill your belly,
You will keep on voting for some one;
Some one who robs you. * * * *
-Rev. H. 0. Pentecost.
-0------
FUTILITY      OF FORCE.
Governments cannot be done away with instantaneously, but progress will come, as it has
in the past by lessening the number of law&  We
want less governing, and the Ideal Government
will arrive when there is no government at all.
So long as governments set the example of
killing their enemies, private individuals will occasionally kill theirs. So long as men    are
clubbed, robbed, imprisoned, disgraced, hanged by
the governing class, just so long will the Idea of




34
violence and brutality be born in the souls of
men.
Governments imprison men, and then hound
them when they are released.
Hate springs eternal in the human breast.
And hate will never die so long as men are taken from useful production on the specious plea
of patriotism, and bayonets gleam in God's pure
sunshine.
And the worst part about making a soldier of
a man is, not that the soldier kills brown men or
black men or white men, but it is that the soldier
loses his own soul.
I am an AnarKist.
I do not believe in bolts or bars or brutality. *
"* * I do not believe in governing by force, or
threat, or any other form of coercion. I would
not arouse in the heart of any of God's creatures
a thought of fear, or discord, or hate, or revenge.
I will influence men, if I can, but it shall be
only by aiding them to think for themselves; and
so mayhap, they, of their own accord will choose
the better part-the ways that lead to life and
light.--Fra Elbertus.-(Elbert Hubbard.)
0
----------0----------
AFFIRMATIONS.
The strong, from  the beginning, have stolen
their bread; and, what is worse, they have despised their bakers. They have discredited the
natural facts of alimentation, and they have
sponged upon the poor. What hope of wise, deliberate science, of joyous, perennial art and permanent civic glory in a world that is ashamed of
its stomach, filches its food, and despises the
souls of   the  laborers? * * * Europe    and
America to-day are sick with the night-mare of
their dreams. They have dreamed of Democracy, and in their dreams have achieved libertybut only in their dreams, not otherwise.* * *
We have had the law; we expect now the gospel of democracy. * * * The only available




35
victories are those that one man wins against the
mob. * * * Over against Nature stands the
Man, and deep in his heart is the passion for
liberty. For the passion for liberty is only another name for life itself. Liberty is a word of
much   sophistication, but It means, when it
means anything, opportunity to live one's own
life in one's own way. * * * The original sin
of the world is not contempt for arbitrary laws,
but respect for them. * * *
-Rev. Charles Ferguson.
Offices of Government are dealt out, children
will look for them; money is given, children will
look for it; military commands, consulships-let
children scramble for them! Let them be shut
out and smitten, let them kiss the hand of the
giver, of his slaves; it is figs and almonds to me.
-Epictetus.
(Election  Day.)  Whether th' flag of this
counthry shall be dhragged in th' mire or left to
lay there; whether this counthry shall take its
place among the nations iv th' earth, or somewan
else's; whether ye shall wurrak at a dollar an' a
half a day f'r th' trusts or f'r the men composin'
th' trusts.-Mr. Dooley.
S0
* * They were souls that stood alone,
While the men they agonized for hurled the
contumelious stone.-James R. Lowell.
We will speak out, we will be heard,
Though all earths systems crack;
We will not bate a single word,
Nor take a letter back.
Let liars fear, let cowards shrink,
Let traitors turn away;
Whatever we have dared to think
SThat dare we also say.-Ib.




36
FREEDOM THE PREREQUISITE.
Liberty of action being the first essential to
exercise of faculties, and therefore the first essential to happiness; and the liberty of each, limited by the like liberties of all, being the form
which this first essential assumes when applied
to many instead of one-it follows that this liberty of each, limited by the like liberties of all,
is the rule in conformity with which   society
must be organized. Freedom being the prerequi
site to normal life in the individual, equal freedom becomes the prerequisite to normal life in
society. And if this law of equal freedom is the
primary raw of right relationship between man
and man, then no desire    to get fulfilled a
secondary law can warrant us in breaking it.
"Whatever fosters militarism makes for barbarism; whatever fosters peace makes for civilization. There are two fundamentally opposed
principles on which social life may be organizedcompulsory co-operation and voluntary co-operation, the one implying coercive institutions, the
other free institutions. Just in proportion as militant activity is great does the coercive regime
more pervade the whole society. Hence, to oppose militancy is to oppose return towara despotism."
In proportion as we love truth more and victory less, we shall become more anxious to know
what it is which leads our opponents to think
as they do. We shall begin to suspect that the
pertinacity of belief exhibited by them must result from perception of something we have not
perceived.-Herbert Spencer.
"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?   I
know not what course others may take, but a9
for me, give me liberty or give me deatur'--Patrick Renrr.




JONES VERSUS FORCE.
The idea of governing by force another man,
who I believe to be my equal in the sight of God,
is repugnant to me. I do not want 'to do it. I
do not want anyone to govern me by any kind
of force. I am a reasoning being, and I unly
need to be shown what is best for me, when I
will take that course or do that 'thing simply bejg     cause it is best, and so will you. I do not believe that a soul was ever forced toward anything except toward ruin.
Liberty for 'the few is not liberty. Liberty for
nme and slavery for you means slavery for both.
-Samuel M. Jones.
0
Would to God that this hot and bloody struggle was over, and that peace may come at last to
the world! And yet I invoke no seeming peace
that the -weaker may ever anon be plundered,
but a peace with liberty, equality, and honest
man's and not robber's order for its condition.
* * ** Let 'others give aid and acomfort to despots. Be it ours to stand for liberty and justice,
nor fear to lock arms with those who are called
hot-heads and demagogues, when the good cause
requires.--Charles A. Dana.
(Written prior to his membership in the "Plutocratic Brotherhood of Thieves.")
I have been passive;
I have submitted to the law,
And I have seen
The tide of life flow from me
To return, bringing
But seaweed
And the dead I loved.
Still have I held my peace,
Until this hour.
-Paul    ettar.




38
BREAD OF THE SOUL.
* * * Man needs the ideal more than he needs
bread. The ideal is the bread of the soul.
Again there are those who say that the hoeman
is content in his squalor and ignorance; and that
therefore he should not be disturbed. Would they
say also that children are happy in their ignorance and should not be led on to the higher
knowledge?  The hoeman may be content, but
his wiser brother should not be. Our nobility
should oblige as to clear the way for him that
he may be quickened to struggle upward to the
nobler horizons that await him.
And this freedom will be the freedom of all.
It will loosen bboth master and slave from  the
chain. For, by a divine paradox, wherever there
is one slave there are two. ISo in the wonderful
reciprocities of being, we can never reach the
higher levels until all our fellows ascend with
us. There is no true liberty for the individual
except as he finds it in liberty of all. There is
no true security for the individual except as he
finds it in the security of all.-Edwin Markham.
FREIEDOM is this to me-the remedy.-J. W.
Lloyd.
Government is not reason, it is not eloquenceit is force! Like fire it is a dangerous servant
and a fearful master; never for a moment should
it be left to irresponsible action.-George Washington.
ANARCHY.-A      social theory which regards
the union of order with the absence of all direct
government of man by man as the political
ideal; absolute individual liberty.-Century Dictionary.
ANAROHY.-An ideal to which the highest
religion and philosophy look forward as the goal
of man; not as one, however, which can be forthwith reached through the wholesale destruction
of the   present frame work of. society, but




39
through a long process of ethical and social improvement. -Encyclopedia Brittanica.
Government is an artificial giant and the power
that moves it is money.--Garfield.
English liberty to-day rmsts not so much on
the government as on those rights the people have
wrested from the governments.-Ib.
Governments, in general, look upon man only
as a citizen, a fraction of the State. God looks
upon him as an indfvidual man, with capacities,
duties, and a destiny of his own; and just in
proportion as a Government recognizes the individual and shields him in the exercises of his
rights, in that proportion is it Godlike and glorious.-Ib.
From time immemorial the pharisaic conventionalists have been preaching self help to "the
lower classes."  But, at the remotest possibilty
that these preached at classes will apply the
preachment to the Governmental bill of fare,
the insincere preachers set up so ludicrous a howl
as should convince those of the muddlest brains
that self help is the only help that helps.
0
---------0-------~
ASSASSINATION
A murder on behalf of the people?
That is no place for murders-they belong on
the other side.
Poor, brave, cowardly, cruel fool, who thought
the people could (be helped by murder, and, thinking to lay oppression, well-nigh laid freedom
low!
But there are other tools-those who suppose
that a foul deed can for long set back the bands
of time.
Can a crime alter facts?
Can any mad assassin kill the ete    Jtrpth?
-rxne t*,:;ay.




40
FORCE INIMICAL TO LIBERTY.
The individualistic Anarchist holds that the best
conditions Will be evolved, if people are allowed
a free course. He is confident that they will find
the right way themselves. He does not believe,
of course, that there would,e no more pickpockets day after to-morrow, if the State should
be abolished to-morrow. But he knows that people cannot be prepared for liberty by authority
and force. He knows this,-that the way is
made free for the most independent people by removing all force and authority.
But the present States are founded on force
and authority. The individualistic Anarchist is
hostile to them, because they suppress liberty.
All he demands is the free untrammeled development of forces. He wishes to remove the force
whi-ch hinders free development.
He is convinced that whatever smacks of force
is inimical to liberty. Therefore he combats the
State, which rests on force; and therefore he
combats just as energetically the "propaganda
by 'deed," which rests no less on force. If the
State beheads or imprisons a man on account of
his convictions, the proceeding, call it whatever
one will, is execrable in the eyes of the individualistic Anarchist. It is no less execrable, of
course, when a Lucheni stabs a woman who happens to be the JEmpress of Austria. It is one of
the foremost principles of the individualistic An-,
archist to combat these things. If he were to
approve them, he would have to admit that he
does not know w-hy he opposes the State. He
combats the force which suppresses liberty; and
he combats it as vigorously when the State coerces a libertarian idealist as when an insane, vain
fellow assassinates the sympathetic visionary oi
the imperial throne of Austria.
It cannot be urged explicitly enough against
our opponents that the "individualistic Anarchists" emphatically  condemn   "propaganda   by
deed."  Aside from   the coercion practised by




41
States, there is perhaps nothing that is so repugnant to these Anarchists as the Caserios and
Luchenis.-Dr. Rudblph Steiner.
"The discussion that is now required is one
that must go down to the very first principles of
existing society."
"The restraints of Communism would be freedom in comparison with. the present condition of
the majority of the human race."-J. S. Mill.
----------0---------
-0__
I know I am august,
I do not trouble my spirit to vindicate itself or
be understood,
I see that the elementary laws never apologize,
(I reckon.1 behave no prouder than the level I
plant my house by, after all).
I exist as I am, that is enough,
If no other in the world be aware I sit content,
And if each and all be aware I sit content.
One world is aware and by far the largest to me,
and that is myself,
And whether I come to my own to-day or in ten
thousand or ten million years,
I can cheerfully take it now, or with equal cheerfulness wait.
My foothold is tenon'd and mortis'd in granite,
I laugh at what you call dissolution,
And I know the amplitude of time.
Walt Whitman.
---------0---------
Overcome evil with good. The heart knoweth
his own bitterness, and a stranger doth not intermeddle with his joy.
In those days there was no king in Israel, but
every man did that which was right in his own eyes.
And as ye would that men should do to you,
do ye also to them likewise. If the truth shall
make you free, ye shall be free indeed. He that
knoweth to do good and doeth it not, to him it Is
4sin.-Bible.




4a
What greater life, what grander claim,
Than that which bids you'to be just?
What brighter halo, fairer fame,
Than shines above the sacred dust
Of him who, formed of finer clay,
Stood firm, a hero of revolt
Against the weakness of his day,
The traitor's trick, the panderer's fault t
-Gordak.
The most virile literature of all modern nations
contains -more or less of this anarchy against law
and conventional and narrow laws on the civil
plane, and advocates their repeal or defiance in
behalf of higher moral and spiritual ideas.
-Rev. S. C. Eby.
But have we ever regulated the railroads by
law, or the Standard Oil company by law? Let
me say that we never, never can regulate -anything by law that has its roots deep down in existing social conditions. Those things are too
strong to be regulated by law.-C. E. S. Wood.
What is the State?
Everything.
What should it be?
Nothing.
It is a do-all and a spoil-all.
We are only too ready to refrain from wiping
our noses without the authorization of the State,
to admire only what the State patronizes, to
turn imploringly to State boards of charity instead of using our own arms and heads.
And yet it would be so easy to lose the hab(it!
Ah! if papas and mammas were not stupid, how
readily little boys would learn to do without the
State and no longer rely on it, and how quickly
it would become what it ought solely to be-a
simple policeman, a good ipoliceman, and not a
pretentious botcher of all jobs, even of those
which it does not do!-Arsene Alexandre.
He does not really believe his opinions who




43
dares not give free scope to his opponent.-Wendell Phillips.
Law has always been wrong. Government is
the fundamental ism of the soldier, bigot, and
priest.-Wendell Phillips, October 16, 1861.
In all ages, hypocrites, called priests, have put
crowns upon the heads of thieves, called kings.Ingersoll.
I knew th' time wud come, Hinnissy. 'Tis th'
on'y way. Ye may talk about it as much as ye
want, but governmint, me boy, is a case iv me
makin' ye do what I want, an' if I can't do it
with a song, I'll do it with a shovel. Th' ir'n
hand in th' velvet glove, th' horseshoe in th'
boxin' mit, th' quick right, an' th' heavy boot,
that was th' way we r'run pollyticks whin I was
captain iv me precinct."-Mr. Dooley.
As l ng as we know we are in hell there is
hope.-4  M. Powers.
A man's own conscience is his sole tribunal;
and he should care no more for that phantom
"opinion" than he should fear meeting a ghost
11 he crosses the churchyard at dark.-Lytton.
"This old society has long since been judged
and condemned. Let Justice be done. Let this
old world be broken to pieces, * * * where innocence has perished, where man is exploited by
man. Let the white sepulchres full of lying and
iniquity be utterly destroyed."-Heine.
"Law grinds the poor, and the rich men rule
the law."-Oliver Goldsmith.
"Government is the great blackmailer.   * *
No good ever came from the law. All reforms
have been the offspring of Revolution."-Buckle.
"In general, the art of government consists in
taking as much money as possible from one part
of the citizens to give it to another."--Voltaire.
"The trade of governing has always been mon



44
opolized by the most ignorant and the most rascally individuals of.mankind."-Thomas Paine.
"Did the mass of men Inow the actual selfishness and injustice of their rulers, not a government would stand a year; the world would ferment with Revolution."-Theodore Parker.
Should humanity weep in order that tyrants may
laugh?-D. B. Henderson..
"I am convinced that those societies (as the
Indians) which live without government, enjoy in
the general mass an infinitely greater degree of
happiness than those who live live under governments. * * * That government is best which governs least."-Thomas Jefferson.
"Law in its guarantee of the results of pillage,
slavery and exploitation, has followed the same
phase of development as capital; twin brother
and sister, they have advanced hand in hand,
sustaining one another with the sufferings ol
mankind. * * * Judiciary, ipolice, army, public
instruction, finance-all serve one God, capital;
all have but one object-to facilitate the exploitation of the worker by the capitalist."-Peter
Kropotkin.
"By no process can coercion be made equitable.
The freest form of government is only the least
objectionable form. The rule of the many by the
few, we call tyranny. The rule of the few by the
many (Democracy) is tyranny also, only of a less
intense kind."-Herbert Spencer.
"There is no government, however restricted
in its powers, that may not, by, abuse, under pretext of exercise of its constitutional authority,
drive its unhappy subjects to desperation."-John
Randolph.
"Whenever you have niet - a dozen earnest
men pledged to a new idea-wherever you have
met them, you have met the beginning of a Revolution. * * * Revolution is as natural a growth
as an oak-it comes out of the past. * * * Every




45
line in our history, every interest of civilization.
bids us rejoice when the tyrant grows pale and
the slaves rebellious."-Wendell Philips.
Government could not continue to exist unless
many men were willing to be government's agents
for the perpetration of what they personally regard as viles crimes.-Steven T. Byington.
It can never be unpatriotic for a man to take
his country's side against his government; it must
always be unpatriotic for a man to take his government's side against his country.-Ib.
In all customary forms of government the rulers
are on the average morally worse than the ruled,
so that the result is to give 'the bad control over
Ihe good; the 6uly way yet devised to avoid this
is to make supreme authority the prize of a lot.
tery or of an athletic colptest.-Ib.
----------~0-----------
ORDER AND DISORDER.
Who says Anarchy, says negation of government. Who says negation of government, saysaffirmation of people. Who says affirmation  of
people, says individual liberty. Who says individual liberty, says sovereignty of oneself. Who
says sovereignty of oneself, says equality. Who
says equality, says solidarity and brotherhood.
Who says brotherhood and solidarity, says social order.
Then, who says Anarchy, says social order.
On the contrary:
Who says government, says negation of people. Who says negation of people, says affirmation of political authority. Who says political
authority, says individual submission. Who says
individual submission, says supremacy of caste.
Who says supremacy of caste, says inequality.
Who says inequality, says    antagonism. Who
says antagonism, says civil war and disorder.
Then who says government, says civil war and
disorder.-Bellegarigue.




46
"Obedience,;3ane of all genius, virtue, freedom, truth,
Makes slaves oi men, and of the human frame
A mechanized automaton."
-Shelley.
-----o---------
PSYCHIC      FACTORS.
"Today, when mental force is everything and
physical force nothing, government is powerless
to  accomplish  the  equitable  distribution  of
wealth. *   *   It is utterly illogical to say
that aggrandizement by physical force should be
forbidden while aggrandizement by mental force
or legal fiction should be permitted. It is absurd to claim that injustice committed by muscle
should be restrained while that committed by
brain should be unrestrained.
"Under the system as it now exists the wealth
of the world, however created, and irrespective
of the claims of the producer, is made to flow
toward certain centers of accumulation, to be
enjoyed *by those holding the keys to such situations. The world appears to be approaching a
stage at which those who labor, no matter how
skilled, how industrious, or how frugal, will receive, according to the 'iron law' formulated by
Ricardo, only so much for their services as will
enable them 'to subsist and to perpetuate their
race.' The rest finds its way into the hands of
a comparatively few, usually non-producing, individuals, whom the usages and laws of all countries permit to claim that they own the very
sources of all wealth and the right to allow or
forbid its production.
"These are great and serious evils, compared
with which all the crimes, recognized as such,
that would be committed if no government existed, would be as trifles.' The underpaid labor,
the prolonged and groveling drudgery, the wasted
strength, the misery and the squalor, the diseases
resulting, and the premature deaths that would
be prevented by a just distribution of products of




47
labor, would in a single year outweigh all the
so-called crime of a century, for the prevention of
which, it is said, government alone exists. This
vast theatre of woe is regarded as wholly outside
the jurisdiction of government, while the most
strenuous efforts are put forth to detect and punish the perpetrators of the least of" the ordinary
recognized crimes. This ignoring of great evils
while so violently striking at small ones is the
mark of an effete civilization, and warns us of
the approaching dotage of the race."-L. F.
Ward.
0
To mind your own business and do the square
thing with your neighbors is an extremely high
order of patriotism. If every man were to do
this, flags, governments, powers, dominations and
thrones might all take an indefinite vacation.Puck.
The freest government cannot long      endure
when the tendency of the law is to create a
rapid accumulation of property in the hands of
a few, and to render the masses poor and dependent.-Daniel Webster.
"Freedom is the one purport, wisely aimed at,
or unwisely, of all man's strugglings, toilings and
sufferings, on this earth."-Carlyle.
"It is not the disease, but the physician; it i.
the pernicious hand of government alone which
can reduce a whole people to despair.."-Junius.
The law of nature,;being co-eval with mankind, and dictated by God himself, is superior in
obligation to every other. It is binding all over
the globe, in all countries, and at all times; no
human laws are of any validity if contrary to
this, and such of them as are valid derive their
force and all their authority, mediately or immediately, from  the original.-Blackstone.
Liberty of thought is a mockery if liberty of
speech and of action is denied.-Rev. Sidney
Holmes.




48
Hither, ye blind, from   your futile banding!
"Know the rights and the rights are won.
Wrong shall die with the understanding. One
truth clear, and the work is done.
Nature is higher than Progress or Knowledge
whose need is ninety enslaved for ten.
My word shall stand against mart and college:
The planet belongs to its living men.
-J. B. O'Reilly.
-------0 ----------
CELTIC     SENSE.
"The masses are poor, ignorant, disorganized,
not knowing the right of mankind upon earth,
and never knowing that the world belongs to its
population; because a small class in every country has taken possession of property and government and makes laws for its own safety and the
security of its plunder; educating the masses,
generation after generation, into the belief that
this conditiion is the natural order and the "law
of God." By long training and submission the
people everywhere have come to regard the assumption of their rulers and owners as the law
of right and common sense, and their own blind
instincts, which tell them that all men ought to
have a plenteous living on this rich planet, as the
promptings of evil and disorder. The qualitie.
we naturally dislike and fear in a man are those
which insure success under our present social
order, viz: shrewdness, hardness, adroitness, selfishness, the mind to take advantage of necessity,
the will to trample on the weak in the canting
name of progress and civilization. The qualities
we love in a man send him to the poor housegenerosity, truth, truthfulness, friendliness, unselfishness, the desire to help, the heart to pity, the
mind to refuse profit from a neighbor's loss or
weakness, the defence of the weak. Our present
civilization is organized injustice and intellectual
barbarism. Our progress is a march to a preci
pice. The Sermon on the Mount and natural justice can rule the world, or they cannot. If they




49
can, our present ruling is the invention of the
devil; if they cannot, the devil has a right to rule
if the people let him-but he ought not to call
his  rule  Christian  civilization."-John  Boyle
O'Reilly.
0------
ANARCHY.
Ever reviled, accursed-ne'er understood,
Thou art the grisly terror of our age.
"Wreck of all order," cry the multitude,
"Art thou, and war and murder's endless rage."
O, let them  cry.   To them   that ne'er have
striven,
The truth that lies behind a word to find,
To them the word's right meaning was not given.
They sihall continue blind among the blind.
But thou, O word, so clear, so strong, so pure,
That sayest all which I for goal have taken.
I give thee to the future!-Thine secure
When each at least unto himself shall waken.
Comes it in sunshine? In the tempest's thrill?
I cannot tell... but it the earth shall see!
I am an Anarchist! Wiherefor I will
Not rule, and also ruled I will not be!
-John Henry Mackay.
DEFINITIONS.
Anarchism, as defined by Anarchists, is the
belief in the greatest amount of liberty compatible with equality of liberty. In other words, the
belief in every liberty except the liberty to invade. It is an Implication of this definition, that
Anarchism aims at the abolition of government
and the State, for government and the State, as
defined by Anarchists, are debarred, by their nature, from allowing the greatest amount of liberty compatible with equality of liberty, and are
necessarily invasive, government 'being defined




50
as the subjection of the non-invasive individual
to an external will, and the State being defined
as the embodiment of the principle of invasion
in an individual, or a band of individuals, assuming to act as representatives or masters of
the entire people within a given area. All the
foregoing definitions are taken from  the textbooks. The purpose of Anarchism, then, is to
put an end to every form of invasion and to establish a condition of equal liberty. * * *
The idea that Anarchy can be inaugurated by
force is as fallacious as the idea that it can be
sustained by force. Force cannot preserve An
archy; neither can it bring it. In fact, one of
the inevitable influences of the use of force is' to
postpone Anarchy. The only thing that force can
ever do for us is to save us from extinction, to
give us a longer lease of life in which to try to
secure Anarchy by the only methods that can
ever bring it. But this advantage is always purchased at immense cost, and its attainment is
always attended by frightful risk. The attempt
should be made only when the risk of any other
course is greater. * * * Bloodshed in itself is
pure loss. When we must have freedom of agitation, and when nothing but bloodshed will secure
it, then bloodshed is wise. But it must be remembered that it can never accomplish the social revolution proper; that that can never be accomplished except by means of agitation, investigation, experiment and passive resistance; and
that, after all the bloodshed we shall be exactly
where we were before, except in our possession
of power to use these means.-Benj. R. Tucker.
0
----------0---------
I am an Anarkist.
All good men are Anarkists.
All,cultured, kindly men; all gentle men; all
just men are Anarkists.
Jesus was an Anarkist.
-Elbert Hubbard.




51
WHO IS THE SOMEBODY?
"Somebody gets the surplus wealth that labor
produces and does not consume.    Who is the
Somebody?" * * * *
What are the ways by which men gain possession of property?  Not many. Let us name
them: work, gift, discovery, gaming, the various
forms of illegal robbery by force or fraud, usury.
Can men obtain wealth by any other than one or
more of these methods? Clearly, no. Whoever
the Somebody may be, then, he must accumulate
his riches in one of these ways. We will find
him by the process of elimination.
Is the Somebody the laborer? No; at least not
as laborer; otherwise the question were absurd.
Its premises exclude him. He gains a bare subsistence by his work; no more. We are searching
for his surplus, product. He has it not.
Is the Somebody the beggar, the invalid, the
cripple, the discoverer, the gambler, the highway
robber, the burglar, the defaulter, the pickpocket,
or the common swindler? None of these to any
extent worth mentioning.   The aggregate of
wealth absorbed by these classes of our  population compared with the vast mass produced is
a mere drop in the ocean, unworthy of consideration in studying a fundamental problem in political economy. These people get some wealth,
it is true; enough, probarbly, for their own purposes; 'but labor can spare them the whole of it,
and never know the difference.
Then we have found him. Only the usurer
remaining. * * *
The usurer is the Somebody, and the State is
his protector. Usury is the serpent gnawing at
labor's vitals, and only liberty can detach and
kill it. Give laborers their liberty, and they will
keep their wealth. As for the Somebody, he,
stripped of his power to steal. must either join
their ranks or starve.     B, R. TUICRER.
"If there were more extremists in evolutionary
timer, there would be no revolutionary times."--Ib




52
"FREE     LIFE" PRECEPTS.
{Free Life, an organ of Voluntary Taxation and
the Voluntary State.]
Don't waste your energies in party fighting;
Don't believe in the politician, who is climbing to
place and power;
Don't believe in the phrase-makers and vote
seekers, whose office it is to please and flatter
you and keep you at war with one another;
Don't believe in state gifts or state privileges,
either for poor or rich;
Don't spend your lives in regulating and restricting each other;
Get rid of the education-persecutor, the drinkpersecutor, the sanitary-persecutor, the statemorality-persecutor;
Use no state coercion, except only to defend the
person and property of each citizen;
Vote down all compulsory rates and taxes;
Train yourselves in voluntary services for the
state;
Safeguard all property; and win it for yourselves
through voluntary association and the resist
less power of your combined pennies;
Don't take part in bad, useless wars between rich
and poor;
Don't take part, in bad, useless wars between
labor and capital;
Trust to the widest possible liberty, to self-ownership and self-guidance, to free trade, to peace
and friendliness, and to voluntary associations
of every kind for satisfying wants and winning
wealth;
Follow nobody; fear nobody; coerce nobody; love
freedom; be ready to make sacrifices for her;
and believe in her power to overcome all difficulties and heal all sufferings.
------0------


"'For what avail the plough or sail,.Or land or life if freedom fail?"




53
SAVAGES DO ONE BETTER.
I have lived with communities of savages in
South America and in the East, who have no laws
or law-courts but the public opinion of the village freely expressed. Each man scrupulously
respects the rights of his fellow, and any infraction of those rights rarely or never takes place.
In  such  a community all are nearly equal.
There are none of those wide distinctions of education and ignorance, wealth and poverty, master
and servant, which are the production of our civilization. There is none of that wide-spread division of labor, which, while it increases wealth,
produces 'also conflicting interests. There is not
that severe competition and struggle for existence
or for wealth which the dense population of cih
ilized countries inevitably creates. All incitements to great crimes are tius wanting, and petty ones are suppressed partly by the influence
of public opinion, but chiefly by that natural
sense of justice and his neighbor's right which
seem to be in some degree inherent in every race
of men.-Alfred Russell Wallace.
0
---------o---------
SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE.
We are all of us, in the realm    of religion,
Anarchists.-Dr. Lyman Abbott.
The only real "sovereignty," or right of "sovereignty," in this or any other country, is that
right of sovereignty which each and every human being has over his or her person and property, so long as he or she obeys the one law of
justice towards the person   and  property  of
every other human    being. This is the only
natural right of sovereignty, that was ever known
among men. All other so-called rights of sovereignty are simply the usurpations.of imposters,
conspirators, robbers, tyrants and murderers.Eysander Spooner.
It costs the government eight times more to




54
carry the mails than it costs the express companies to have their matter hauled.-W. J. Bryan.
(The above is one little stone from  the Babel
"Tower of governmental extravagance selected by
the would-be Master Mason.)
There is one cure, 'and one only, for social upheavals, and that is justice, and if culture is to
devote itself to the discovery of substitutes for
justice, it will have its labor for its pains.Ernest A. Crosby.
---------0---------
GET    OFF   HIS BACK.
"Who am I that desire to better men's condition? I desire it; and yet I get up at noon, after
having played at cards in a brilliantly lighted
saloon during all the previous night, I, an enfeebled and effeminate man, who thus require
the help and services of hundreds of people, I
come to help them!-these men who have to rise
at five, sleep on boards, feed upon cabbage and
bread, understand how to plough, to reap, to put
a handle to an axe, to write, to harness horses,
to sew; men who, by their strength and perseverance and self restraint, are a hundred times
stronger than I who come to help them.
"It is as if I were sitting on the necl of a
man, and, having quite crushed him    down, I
compel him to carry me, and will not.alight from
off his shoulders, while I assure myself and others that I 'am very sorry for him, and wish to
ease his condition by every means in my power
except by getting off his back."-Tolstoy.
For the story of mankind is never new-Injustice, oppression and wrong are ever fortified
and entrenched. Here are lawyers with specious
arguments and endless briefs, to prove that black
Is white, that wrong is right. Here are judges
in 'high places ready to maintain existing things.




55
Here is the state which protects the strong and
subverts the liberties and natural rights of the
disinherited and despised. And here is the press
with its million brazen tongues-its tongues of
malice, of envy, and of spite, ready to defile the
truth, to proclaim falsehood and error to the
world, and to "ash to madness the passions and
the hates of men. And here is the church, now
as of old the home of the money changer and
trafficker, the church raising its voice with the
cry of the mob, and proclaiming to the world
that whatsoever ye bind on earth shall be bound
in heaven, and that whatsoever ye loose on
earth shall be loosed in heaven. And now, as of
old, truth crushed and bleeding and helpless, has
no tongue to speak and no voice to raise.-C. S.
Darrow.
0--
THE TRUE KINGS.
In  the higher condition   of society, toward
which mankind is unconsciously advancing, men
will shun all responsibility for and arbitrary
control over the conduct of others as sedulously
as during past ages they have sought them as the
chief good. Washington declined to be made
king, and the whole world has not ceased to
make the welkin ring with laudations of the disinterested act. The time will come yet when
the declinature, on all hands, of every species of
governmental authority over others will not even
be deemed a virtue, but simply the plain dictate
of enlightened self-interest. The sentiment of
the poet will then be recognized as an axiom of
philosophy,
Whoever mounts the throne,-King, Priest, or
Prophet,Man alike shall groan.
Carlyle complains, in the bitterness of  his
heart, that the true kings and governors of mankind have retired in disgust from the task of




56
governing the world, and betaken themselves to
the altogether private business of governing
themselves. Whenever the world at large shall
become as wise as they, when all men shall be
content to govern themselves merely, then, and
not till then, will "The True Constitution of Goveminent" begin to be installed.
Every Individual is the rightful Sovereign over
his own conduct in all things, whenever, and
just so far as, the consequences of his conduct
can be assumed by himself; or, rather, inasmuch
as no one objects to assuming agreeable consequences. For disagreeable consequences, endurance, or burden of all sorts, the term "Cost" is
elected as a" scientific technicality. Hence the
exact formula of the doctrine, with its inherent
limitation, may be stated thus: "The Sovereignty of the Individual, to be exercised at his own
cost."-Stephen Pearl Andrews.
0
---------0---------
They'se nawthin' so hard as mindin' ye'er own
business, an iditor nivir has to do that.-Mr.
Dooley.
The desolating hand of power.-Hallam.
In all ages the individual has, in one form or
another, been trodden in the dust. * * * Every
man, in every condition, is great. It is only our
own diseased sight which makes him little. A
man is great as a man, be he where or what he
may. * * * The truly great are to be found
everywhere.       * Of   all  the   discoveries
which men need to make, the most important, a
the present moment, is that of the self-forming
power treasured up in themselves.-Ohanning.
---0
* * But this I know, that every law
That men have made for man,
*Since first man took his brother's life,
And the sad world began,But strawe the wheat and saves the chaff
With a most evil fan. * * *     -0. Wilde.




57
THE BEAUTIES OF GOVERNMENT.
To be governed, is to be watched, inspected,
spied, directed, law-ridden, regulated, penned up,
indoctrinated, preached at, checked, appraised,
seized, censured, commanded, by beings who have
neither title nor knowledge nor virtue. 'To be
governed is to have every operation, every transaction, every movement noted, registered, counted,
rated, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed,
licensed, refused, authorized, indorsed, admonished, prevented, reformed, redressed, corrected.
To be governed is, under pretext of public utility and in the name of the general interest, to be
laid under contribution, drilled, fleeced, exploited, monopolized, extorted from, exhausted, hoaxed
and robbed; then, upon the slightest resistence,
at the first word of complaint, to be repressed,
fined, villified, annoyed, hunted down, pulled
about, beaten, disarmed, bound, imprisoned, shot,
mitrailleused, judged, condemned, banished, sacrificed, sold, betrayed, and, to crown all, ridiculed, derided, outraged, dishonored.-Proudhon.
"Whatever form it takes-Monarchic, Oligarchic or Democratic-the government of man by man
is illigitimate and absurd. * * * As man seeks
justice in equity, so society seeks order in Anarchy."-Proudhon.
Liberty not the daughter, but the mother of
order.-Proudhon.
May my communistic friends forgive me! I
should be less severe upon their ideas if 1 were
not irreversibly convinced, in my reason and in
my heart, that Communism, Republicanism, and
all the social, political, and religious Utopias
which disdain facts and criticism, are the greatest obstcle which progress has now to conquer.
Why will they never understand that fraternity
can be established only by justice; that justice
alone, the condition, means, and law of liberty




58
and fraternity, must be the object of our study;
and that its determination and formula must be
pursued without relaxation, even to the minutest
details. * * * Turn which way you will, you,must always come back to the cash-book, to the
account of receipts and expenditures, the sole
guarantee against large consumers as well as
against small producers. * * * To      suppose
that the laborer of great capacity will content
himself, in favor of the weak, with half his
wages, furnish his services gratuitously, and produce, as the people say, for the King of Prussiathat is, for that abstraction called society, the
Sovereign, or my brothers-is to base society on
a sentiment, I do not say beyond the reach of
man, but one which, erected systematically into
a principle, is only a false virtue, a dangerous
hypocrisy.-Proudhon.
0
-----------0---------
We keep a certain number of clowns digging
and ditching, and generally stupefied, in ordei
that we, being fed gratis, may have all the thinking and feeling to ourselves.-Ruskin.
Human nature is a noble and beautiful thing;
not a foul nor a base thing. All the sin of men I
esteem as their disease, not their nature; as a folly which  may   be prevented, not a necessity
which must be accepted. And my wonder, even
when things are at their worst, is always at tae
height which   this human nature can attain.
Thinking it high, I find it always a higher thing
than I thought it; while those who think it low,
find it, and will find it, always lower than they
thought it: the fact being that it is infinite, and
capable of infinite height and infinite fall; Jut
the nature of it-and there is the faith which I
would have you hold with me-the nature of it
is in the nobleness, not in the catastrophe.Ruskin.
0
Politicians art a set of men who have interests aside from the interests of the people and




59
who, to say the most of them, are, taken as a
mass, at least one long step removed from
honest men. I say this with the greater freedom
because, being a politician myself, none can regard it as personal.-Abraham Lincoln.
I have always thought that all men should be
free, but if any should be slaves, it should be
first those who desire it for themselves, and secondly those who desire it for others.-Lincoln to
an Indiana regiment, March 17, 1865.
"When a white man governs himself, that is
self government. But, when he governs himself
and also governs some other man, that is more
than self government-that is despotism. What
I do mean to say is that no man is good enough
to govern another man without that other's consent."                          -A. Lincoln.
0
-----------0-----------
"Perhaps the most remarkable religious leader
at the present time is the Russian Tolstoy, who
is an individual Anarchist. He does not believe
in the law, not because he would have chaos,
but he would have men govern themselves, in
the broadest sense of the word.
"Anarchism is in reality the ideal of political
and social science, and also the ideal of religion.
It is the ideal to which Jesus Christ looked forward. Christ founded no church, established no
State, gave practically no laws, organized no
government and set up no external authority; but
he did seek to write on the hearts of men God's
law and make them self-legislafing.-Rev. Heber
Newton.
"Anarchy is madness."-J. G. Schurman, et al.
"Did you ever notice that all the interesting
people you meet are Anarchists?"-Julian Rawthorne.
""A man should have the freedom to do whatsoever he wills, provided that in the doing thereof he infringes not the equal freedom of every
other man.-Herbert,Spencer.




60
"Much madness is divinest sense
To a discerning eye;
Much sense the starkest madness.
'Tis the majority
In this, as all, prevails.
Assent, and you are sane;
Demur-you're straightway dangerous
And handled with a chain."
-Emily Dickenson.
0
----------0---------
Truth is within ourselves; it takes no rise
From outward things, whate'er you may believe;
There is an inmost centre to us all,
Where truth abides in fullness. * * *
-Browning.
ANARCHY POPULARLY MISCONCEIVED.
"We should be much helped in discussing anarchy if we used 'terrorist' (Communist) for those
anarchists who appeal to violence, and the word
'voluntatists' for those like Tolstoy who appeal
to persuasion. A Latin proverb says: 'He teaches
well who discriminates well.' From the general
confusion and hysteria about this subject, we
should have sanity and courage enough to distinguish crime from its opposite. Emerson's sentence, 'The more reason the less government,' is
the very breath of philosophic anarchy.
"These voluntarists would progressively throw
off the organized constraints of government, lessen
rather than increase the number of laws, while
they would increase education and all forms of
free voluntary associations. They simply look
forward to a society in which men have learned
to behave well enough to require no courts or
police or armies. If far off ideals have any interest for us, who could present a nobler one than
this of the voluntarists? Both Channing and Phil



61
Lips Brooks gave us a conception of heaven in
precisely these terms. Ibsen writes a letter' to
George Brandes in the same spirit. Thoreau was
out and out an anarchist of this type.
"No question in the immediate future will
plague us like this question: Shall we enlarge or
diminish the functions of government? Shall we
put our faith in compulsion or in liberty and free
associations? The Socialists beckon us one way,
the philosophic anarchist another.  As a fact,
we know that a practical hand-to-mouth policy,
with scant regard to fundamental principles, will
guide us; we are just now, however, trying to
think clearly about ideals. Those who call themselves anarchists and use violence, we shall punish as swiftly as the law allows, but our immediate danger is to confuse an order of ideas with
stupid and criminal practice. The anarchist idea,
apart flrom violence, we shall not touch by any
conceivable law. What a comment on our intelligenoe is the whole list of 'Remedies for anarchy--'Examinations  of  opinions  by foreign
consuls,' 'Allow no one to come who cannot read,'
'Deportation to some far island,' 'Sending them
to an insane asylum,' are types even of the serious proposals.
"How long will it take to learn that it cannot thus deal with mental processes? Our society
is, alas! filled with what is worst in the anarchist
spirit. A Southern community, enflamed by Aegro
crime, real, or imagined, burns, hangs or shoots
the wretch, and thus becomes as a community
anarchist in its bad sense of lawless.
"In the North the kind of group excitement
makes us just as hysterical, just as lawless. Atter the assassin had done his work at Buffalo, a
Senator, judges, editors and clergy innumerable,
were quick to proclaim themselves lawless and
anarchist in opinion. In their heat they were
willing, like Southern lynchers, to trample upon
the only safeguard of civilization--law and order.
"Our greatest embarrassment in dealing with
criminal anarchy (the terrorists) will be hysteria




62
and- lawlessness among so many of our citizens,
and nowhere are 'Remedies' more needed than
for this sinister temper among ourselves."-John
Graham Brooks.
(t teacher-Rara     avis-who    "discriminates
well.")
0
ANARCHISM is Truth's crucible. "If we are
satisfied with what has been found out, we shall
find nothing more. They who have gone before
us are not our masters, but our guides. Truth
is open to all, and has not yet been taken possession of, but many discoveries will be left for
future ages."-Seneca.
0
----------0----------
Whatever freedom for ourselves we claim,
We wish all others to enjoy the same,
In simple womanhood's and manhood's name!
Freedom within one law of sacred might:
""Trench not on any other's equal right."
James Thompson.
0
----------0----------
SUMMING UP.
Horace Greeley wrote, "he did not mean to say
all democrats are horse thieves, 'but he did mean
to say all horse thieves are democrats."  So, it
is here noted-all the writers of the foregoing extracts are not by name anarchists, but they all
write capital Anarchist doctrine.
It needs a little grit in these days of artificiality, to take the Jesus stand, "come out from
among them and be ye separate." Yet, there are
compensations to the come-outers which      the
fatted coward-conformers to things as they are,
and their unresisfing purblind dupes wot not of.
"Better is a dinner of herbs where love is than
a stalled ox and hatred therewith."
If it was "up to" this one weak wight to foster




63
unkindliness, "hatred' would be too feeble a word
to express his detestation of the utter enormity
of our interminable wallowing in the mire of the
-seemingly-ever widening vicious circle of present conditions.
The mighty truth w.iich Emerson voiced: "We
each have in us the possibility of every crime,"
happily, by parity of reasoning, carries with it
the corollary that in  each  of us there lieth,
though never so dormant, the desire for every virtue. The gradual extinction of slavery will fan
this vital spark into living flame.
Conjure up, if you will, the towering civilizations of the past. Corrupt were they and become
abominable. Lust, not love, wickedness not
righteousness, it was that flung them into the
everlasting dust.
Under the forms of libertyless law, crafty byforce-of-intellect, thievery is rampant, corruption, insincerity, profligacy and hypocrisy abound.
History repeats itself under our very eyes. But
the day of reckoning will as surely come as day
follows night. For what we sow that we shall
also reap; it cannot b3 otherwise.
If there was any doubt or shadow of turning,
I would worship at the shrine of the bombastic
and "terrible Teddy," or even at that of the
spent debauchee, Edward.
For years and years Nature, Man and Animal
-down to,and even below the caterwauling denizens of our back yards-have been teaching me
this liberty-truth. Even though it be out a still
small voice. The weak    things of the world
confound the mighty, for they become mightyif true.
Like the immortal anarchist Garrison, as to
this principle,"I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice. I am in earnest. I will not
equivocate; I will not excuse; I will not retreat
a single inch; and I will be heard."
No human lbeing likes to be shunned by his
neighbors, but yet, when choice must be made,




64
one's own approbation must have the first consideration.
Liberty-iawlessness-anarchy   can  never  be
trespass as long as the parties thereto assumecarry-bear the burdens or consequences of their
acts.
As we are of one blood and endowed with reason, the foregoing pages of testimony make it
quite manifest that the words "Liberty, freedom,
self-government, self - sovereignty,  self-ownership," are absolute only up to the point that ev
ery human being has the same proportion of liberty, etc., as any other human being and no
more. This is Anarchism. Anarchism is simplicity itself. It is as self-evident as two and
two are four.
It is Absolute Free Trade in all human activity or passivity. Simply that and nothing more.
Occupancy and use the only title to land. A
title, by the way; that "rough and uncouth"
miners, by common consent respect and adopt,
till artificial government-reptile-like-sets its
fangs in natural conditions to poison them.
Anarchism places earnership-as nature doesbefore ownership.
In other words, the man who catches the
coney-or produces the potato-has nature's right
to cook and consume it, and no being, be he angel
or devil, has rightful warrant to say him nay.
Anarchism, is minding one's own businessfirst, last and all the time.
It is voluntary co-operation in all human affairs.
It is work, love's largess, or starve.
It is, do no evil that good may come.
It is unit-man justice set over against massman-Tyranny.
It says: "Govern thyself and thyself alone. Thy
neighbor's freedom hold sacred as thy own."
It is as practical and natural as sleeping and
waking; as sunshine and shadow.
Any being or principle that contradicts or con



65
travenes these truisms, in the name of Anarchy,
lies, and don't you forget it.
This abounding faith is all inclusive. "Not 'till
the sun excludes thee will I exclude thee."
It is not for us to wait for kings, presidents
or majorities to inaugurate Anarchism; if we
wait for them it will be an ever receding willo-the-wisp. The exact ratio that each human being refrains from stealing from any otherhuman
being, and earns what he or she consumes, is the
exact  measure   in   which  this  solvent  of
human   wretchedness will be    applied. When
education  really educateg, each individual will
know   enough to see to it that his fellow
does not filch from him. And thus will the gait
of Anarchism's coming be accelerated.
0 -The world is saved by its ahockers.-I. McCalL
0 -It is difficult to free fools from the chains they
revere.-Voltaire.
What we call union seems to me only a name
for a phase of individual action. I live only for
myself; and in proportion to my growth I benefit
others.-George W. Ourtis.




66
Profounder, profounder
Man's spirit must dive;
His aye-rolling orbit
At no goal will arrive;
The heavens that now draw him
With sweetness untold,
Once found,-for new heavens.He spurneth the old.    -Emerson.
----------0----------
AN AFTERWORD.
As every open-minded adult, tho' never so near
our anthropoid ancestors in intelligence, should
allow  the need of education in the truth, and,
with the press, the church, the bar, and the institutions of learning practically subsidized for the
supporting  of  Government    force-the  pcsstbility for promulgatinxg the truth as it is in
Jesus,  is,   as   one  is to   five thousand.
Nevertheless and notwithstanding, I was so desirous of placing contrasts of force and anti-force
side by side, I prepared "copy" to that end; but
the allied bulk and expense getting it published,
prevented the consummation of the desire. With
it all and through it all, it being a labor of love
into the bargain, still, these few  drops from
the ocean of libertarian literature in all probability never would have been gathered together
but for the recent unatoned, insulting, sophomoric onslaughts on principles that are as true
as the everlasting hills. To be sure, there was
the excuse of a beyond-a-peradveqture insane
man's act to warrant such onsets. That act also
furnished  fortuitous  opportunity  to  official
satraps to keep the wool still more closely over
the people's eyes as to the self-evident truths of
self-sovereignty; and, as if that were not enough,
there has, in   this universityrcrowned  valley,
been  revealed, by  anonymous threat, missive,




67
stony stare, and in other ways, such colossal
want of knowledge of the subject, that, what
with Roosevelt's ravings, Root's roorbacks, Funston's  fulminations, Madden's     Mail Meddling,
and Waller's wholesale murders of all over ten,
I was somewhat apprehensive of trespass in government    monopoly    preserves   in   practicing
"the water cure," even though done in a mild
form on my own atanomy, yet, crucify me if I
didn't feel that some few emanations from the intelilect of earth's elect would not only be in order, but abundantly justified.*
This brochure is triple the bulk of original intent-so hard is it to stay one s hand with such
an embarrassment     of   riches  to  draw  from.
Therefore I desist. Besides I wanted it so brief
as to invite perusal by every living soul hereabouts who was offered the stone of falsehood
in lieu of the bread of truth by the battened consumers of government pabulum.
It is a most hopeful sign of the times when
staid conservative business men here** hear the
truths of anarchism gladly, and the bourbons of
the press, applaud in cool blood when the terrible
name is not used as a label.
Present day Canutes cannot keep the tide back.
Change will come! Growth or death is nature's
decree: let us place our hands in hers, heed her
teachings, learn the lessons of sea and sky, bush
and bird, and determine that the lord of creation
shall be as free as the air in its gladsome surge
around this terrestrial ball.
*In response to request, and as a further measure of self-vindication and satisfaction, I propose, in abbreviated autobiographic
form, to-as it were-hold "nature up by the roots with earth,
rain and dew clinging" thereto, thus and thereby showing individ.
ual grace-growth from hell-clad bondage to heaven.capped freedom. Price of this Memoir to be at the discretion of purchasers.
Orders hereby invited on that basis.
*Samuel M. Jones' Business Men's Address.




68
LIBERTY LENDING LIBRARY.
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(Should circumstances warrant, will be removed to more central location.)
Motto-Read the other side.
Rules-"Ask-by mail if preferred-and ye shall
receive; seek and ye shall find; knock and it shall
be opened unto you."
Hours-"From    early morn 'till dewey eve,"
(usually.)
The Library is little and not select, (a list of
the books is in preparation,) but yet contains
milk  for babes and    meat for adults; and
ranges, in   religion, from  "Baxter's  Saints'
Rest" to Grant Allen's "Evolution of the Idea of
God," and, in political and social science,, from
"Garfield's Words" to Tucker's "Instead of A
Book," thus giving opportunity for the scripture:
"Prove all things, hold fast that which is good"
-to be fulfilled.
Either or all three books, "The Slavery of Our
Times," "Instead of a Book" and "The Science
of!Society," by Tolstoy, Tucker and Andrews,
respectively, are hereby offered presentation to
any free "Lending Library," on condition each
book be advertised proportionately with any other
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it seem inevitable that donor will be forced to
dig to beg.
N. B.-Supplementary to the above work, and,
necessarily incidental thereto, orders will be received for books, and special discounts, when
possible, will be allowed from  prices of boks
that the times demand sowing broadcast.




69
PE CKSNIFFIAN PRESS CENSORSHIP.
Typical of Its Zeal in Spreading Truth.
Refused insertion as an advertisement in the Ithaca
Journal and Daily News.
WANTED-Adults devoid of prejudice, even
though unwilling to get off the m asses' backs, to
such will be furnished "without money and without price"-if they will engage to "read, mark,
learn and inwardly digest" the same--a course of
reading in proof that the gospel of anarchism is
a gospel of "peace on earth and good will to
man" and in perfect accord with evolutionary
progress. Apply in any old way to
HENRY BOOL.
INSTEAD OF A BOOK.
A well printed book of 512 pages, being a
1fragmentary' exposition of ophilosophica'l Anarchism  (the antithesis of Absolute Monarchism)
culled from the writings of Benj. R. Tucker, editor of "Liberty." It discusses Money and Interest, Land and Rent; The Individual, Society and
the State; 'and severely criticises iState Socialism
and Communism. Price, paper, 50c; cloth, $1.
Address    BENJ. R. TUCKER, Box 1312,
New York City.
THE RELIGION OF DEMOCRACY.
A   Memorandum     of  Modern   Principles by
Charles Ferguson, author of (The Affirmative Intellect.)
Edwin Markham says: "It has style, insight,
high seriousness, spiritual ipassion. It is a great
book of a great epoch."
Charles H. Parkhurst, D. D., says: An interesting, stimulating, startling, and, all in all, wonderful book. Price $1.
Published by
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY.
New York and London.




THE SCIENCE OF SOCIETY.
BY STEPHEN PEARL ANDREWS.
A well-printed book of 165 large pages, consisting of two essays bearing the following titles
respectively: "The True Constitution  of Government in the Sovereignty of the Individual as
the Final Development of Protestantism, Democracy, and Socialism;" "Cost the Limit of Price:
A Scientific Measure of Honesty in Trade as On(
of the Fundamental Principles in the Solution of
the Social Problem."
This work is an elaborate exposition of the
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Address
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A STUFFED CLUB.
A $1.00 a year Monthly that knocks the stuffing
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Dr. Rauscher, Murray, Utah: "The April Club
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Club received and ransacked as usual.     The
editor is as entertainingly lawless and rampant
as ever. I enjoy it."
Address,
DR. J. H. TILDEN,
2831 Lafayette St., Denver, Colo.




71
PLAIN TALK IN PSALM AND
PARABLE.
BYiERNEST CROSBY.
Count Tolstoy says: I like the book very much.
Some of the pieces-the choice is difficult because
all are very good-I will have translated into
Russian and published.
Edwin Markham     says: Plain Talk in Psalr
and Parable is one of the significant books of the
time-a   suggestive  and   inspiring  utterance.
These prophet chants are a noble protest againsi
the wrongs and failures of civilization.
I. Zangwill says the book is crammed with
vital matter.
This most interesting volume.* * There is a
strange power in some of these songs-the power
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is also a feeling of all-embracing brotherhood. *
* It is a strong book.-New York Commercial
Advertiser.
The above volume, handsomely printed anc
bound, gilt-edged on deckel-edged paper, will be
sent pospaid, on receipt of $1.50, by
SMALL MAYNARD & CO.,
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CAPTAIN JENKS, HERO.
BY ERNEST CROSBY.
is a merciless satire on war and militarism in
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important feature of militarism.
The New    England Magazine, Boston: "Very
amusing indeed-were it not so sadly near the
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Per year, $1.   Single copies, 10 cents.
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I think The Conservator is full of the soundest
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