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Early Schools and Teachers in District
No. i, Climax.
A faper read before the School Picnic Association
at the annual picnic, 1904.
AT the request of your president, I have prepared some
accounts of the early schools in this district. About twenty-five
years ago I wrote up a history of the township, at which time I
got the school district records and obtained all the information
I could from them, and got all I could from the old settlers
then living in the vicinity.  After collecting the material, I
called these old settlers together at my house, and read it over
to them. It was all talked over, and as finally written up it had
their unanimous approval as being correct to the best of their
recollections. It was published in Evarts and Abbotts' county
history in 188o. I can add to this but little aside from personal
reminiscences and anecdotes of little value as history, but which
may serve to recall pleasant memories to the men and women who
were the boys and girls in our school in the good old days of
fifty years ago.
The first school in Climax was a private school taught by
Silas Kelsey in the winter of 1834-5. It was held in an outhouse
which was used by Judge Eldred as a milkhouse and summer
kitchen. It stood on the opposite side of the street and only a
few rods from the present school grounds. Judge Eldred paid
Kelsey $30 for teaching three months. I have never learned who
attended that school, but I presume that it was got up by subscription and that Judge Eldred's younger children, Florinda,
Nelson, Louise, and Catharine did so, and very likely children
from some of the other families who had at that time settled in
the vicinity,- the Spauldings, Shermans, Mulkins, Waterhouses,
Farnsworths, or Lawrences.
The first public school was taught in the winter of 1836-7
after the district had been organized. It was at that time a part
of the township of Comstock. As nearly as I can learn Daniel
Lawrence was the first director of the district. One of the first
happenings was a row about the schoolhouse. Judge Eldred had
built him a new house and moved into it (the house since known
as the Dr. Lovell house); so he sold his old one to the district
for a schoolhouse. It stood about forty rods south of the corners




Early Days in Climax.
on the west side of the road not far from where Mrs. Olcha
Lawrence now lives. He moved it south about forty rods on to
the hill and fitted it up ready for use. Major Willard Lovell
claimed that Eldred used his family influence to get an exorbitant
price for the house and a bitter controversy ensued. As I remember it, the house was a small frame building not quite as large as
one of the rooms of our present school building. There was a low
attic overhead having a square opening into it through which
the boys used to climb when the occasion seemed opportune.
There was a row of desks fitted to the wall on three sides of the
room and the teacher's desk standing out away from the wall on
the north end near the single entry. This desk served also as a
pulpit for the use of the minister when meetings were held there,
as they were, up to the time the church was built in 1847. The
first winter after the schoolhouse was fitted up it was used for a
powerful revival, at which many of those living in the vicinity
were converted and afterward gathered into the folds of the
Baptist and Methodist churches. There were two rows of benches
ranged around three sides of the room. The larger scholars sat
on the back row of benches and when engaged in writing or
using the desk sat with their faces to the wall. The smaller
scholars sat on the front row of benches. These benches were
made of slabs just as they came from the sawmill at Comstock,
flat side up. They had holes bored into them slantwise, into
which were driven legs made from the trunks of small saplings
cut to the proper length. When complete, they looked like sawhorses a dozen feet or more long. They were all nearly of a height
and it was no easy job for the little fellows to sit on them all day
with their legs dangling and feet not touching the floor. In the
center of the room was a big, heavy square box stove which took
in wood two or three feet long. Each person who sent scholars
to school had to furnish his share of the wood when notified. The
result was that we had all sorts of wood and sometimes none at
all. A block of wood about a foot long sawed off from a log a foot
or so in diameter, and set up on end in the middle of the floor
made a dunce block on which scholars who failed in their lessons
had to sit till they learned them, objects of derision to the whole
school. Sometimes in bad cases they had the label "dunce,"
pinned to their clothes in addition.  The first time Charlotte
Sheldon ever went to this school she was a stranger to everything
and everybody. She created a sensation among the scholars by
coming in when school was called and seeing no other seat vacant
sitting down on the dunce block. It is needless to say the teacher
soon found her another seat. Speaking of this reminds me that
the usual way of calling school in those days was by taking a book
or ruler and rapping on the window. A few of the teachers had
hand bells of their own.
4




Early Days in Climax.
In those days the school expenses were paid by rate bills.
The teacher kept account of the number of days each scholar
attended school and at the close of the term  apportioned the
expense among the several patrons in proportion to the number of
days their scholars attended school.  When the rate bill was
collected, the teacher got his pay. It used to be a common thing
to take children out of school whenever things did not go just
to suit the patron. By so doing they avoided paying any more
school bill, and threw the burden on the remaining patrons. When
one person set the example of taking scholars out of school, others
were apt to follow, and schools were often ruined in that way.
When the laws were changed so that every property owner had to
pay his share of school expenses, whether he sent any one to
school or not, the practise of taking scholars out of school for
trivial grievances soon came to an end. If a man had to pay for
the school any way, he would get all the benefit he could of it, and
take his satisfaction out in growling about the teacher's "showing
partiality " or doing some little thing he ought not to, or failing
to do something he ought to do. But I was describing the school
premises and got off on another track.
There was a little open space around and south of the schoolhouse where the Pierce Cemetery now is that we had for a
playground. A large oak tree stood in the middle of it. Back of
it was a thicket of hazel bushes. Woods and underbrush covered
the entire forty acres or more to the south and west. Only a short
distance from the school yard was the " old fort," its big ditch
encircling the hill where we used to play we were Indians and
make wigwams by bending saplings over and tying their tops
together, and where we chased each other round and round the
old ditch, bows and arrows in hand, and almost any old thing we
could get as a substitute for a tomahawk.
The first school in the old schoolhouse was taught in the winter
of 1836-7 by a man from Prairie Ronde named Hoyt. The
measles broke up his school before it was half out. The next
summer, Emily Harris taught the school for a five months' term.
She was a daughter of Elder John Harris, the pioneer Baptist
minister who lived in South Battle Creek at the time, and who
for so many years ministered to the church in Climax. She later
married Geotge Willard, the well-known minister, journalist, and
congressman of Battle Creek. Nearly all the settlers within two
or three miles sent scholars to her school. I do not know of any
one living who attended her school or the previous ones, except
Sarah Jane Davis, Perry Nichols, and Darius Lay. Possibly
Blackman Lawrence may be one. In the winter of 1837-8, Geo.
W. Lovell, a brother of Enos T. Lovell, taught the school. Enos
Lovell, Loren and Horace Pierce attended his school. Who else
that is now living did so? The next summer Helen J. West




Early Days in Climax.

taught. I learned from the records some years ago that there were
thirty-eight scholars in the district at that time and that the books
in use were Webster's Elementary Spelling Book, English Reader,
Historical Reader, Daboll's Arithmetic, Kirkham's Grammar, and
Olney's Geography.
The next teacher was Florinda Eldred, a daughter of Judge
Eldred's. Mary Lawrence, now Mary Tobey, went to her for her
first schooling. The next teachers were Roxy Whitford and
Nancy Whitford, sisters of the late Mrs. Nehemiah Elwell.
Thomas Lawrence first went to school to them. Next came Blackman B. Nichols and Calista Potts, an aunt of Mrs. Fred Riley's.
All these schools were before my time, and all I know about
them I have gathered from the records and from other people.
The next winter was my first in school. How well I remember
my first going to school. It was a clear frosty morning in
November, 1843, with no snow on the ground. I was four years
old that month. Mother had taught me at home and I knew my
letters, could spell small words of two syllables, like baker, lady,
shady, etc., from the spelling book, and could read short, easy
sentences, like " When the cock crows, he makes a loud, shrill
noise." We lived in a log house on the corner of Daniel B.
Eldred's farm (afterward Sheldon's and now Mr. Morford's)
about six or eight rods from where Geo. Cleveland's house now
stands. That morning Gillett Spencer and Gustavus Eldred
came along from Stephen Eldred's and stopped at our house on
their way to school. Gustavus was Stephen Eldred's oldest son
about my age or a trifle older, and Gillett Spencer, who was staying at Mr. Eldred's, was a brother of Mrs. Eldred and of Mrs. E.
T. Lovell. When the boys got to our house, my brother Sam
and I joined them, and we went across lots from there, direct to
the schoolhouse. Ebenezer Bird was the teacher. The only thing
I can remember of his school is of what took place that first day.
There was a class of little fellows who, like me, had never been
to school before,- five or six of us; I can not now tell who, but
I think George Lawrence, Gustavus Eldred, Henry Bonney, and
Rodney Page were of the number. The teacher sat down with
a spelling book in his hand, called us up about his knees, and
proceeded to teach us our A, B, C's. I was the last and smallest
one in the class. The teacher went laboriously through the class
teaching each one a few letters. When it came my turn, did I
not show off my knowledge in great shape and was not I a proud
little fellow? I was at once promoted to a higher class, and I
felt so big about it that although more than sixty years have
passed since then I have not quite got over it yet.
The next teacher was Minerva Miles. I can just remember
her, but not a thing about the school. Then came I. J. Babcock in
the winter of 1844-5. He was a young man studying medicine,
strong and athletic and having a fiery temper, a man who was
6




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Early Days in Climax.

bound to have his way and feared nobody. He wielded the rod
ferociously and none of us escaped it. Three unjust punishments
that he inflicted while I went to school to him, burned themselves
into my childish memory forever. The first case was that of
Wirt Thayer, a fifteen-year-old boy, son of Dr. S. B. Thayer,
who was then the physician of the place. Wirt was whipped with
a stout hickory rod till the blood ran and he was streaked with
welts from head to foot. The next case I remember was my own.
I was a little kid five years old that winter. I had been whipped
for idling away my time and ordered to study my lesson. I was
studying as busily as I ever studied a lesson in my life when
without a word of warning he laid the rod on me again. I wore
an apron cut low in the neck and he left me with welts on my
neck, shoulders, and back that were many days in healing. Then
my brother Sam got it. He was a boy of fourteen at that time.
He had been punished and sent home for some reason. Just before
school closed for the day it was raining quite hard and mother
sent Sam back to school with a cloak for me to wear home in the
rain. For coming back with the cloak, Sam got nearly as bad a
whipping as Wirt Thayer did. It is needless to say we did not go
to his school any more. But for their injustice which so impressed
itself on my mind I presume I should never have remembered
these whippings any more than I have the many others that he
dealt out to his scholars that winter. He afterward became a
well-known physician, practising here and in Galesburg, where
he also had a drug store and a farm near by. He finally sold out
at Galesburg about 1866 and moved to Kalamazoo, where he
practised his profession and ran a drug store the rest of his life.
The next summer (1845) Louise Eldred taught the school, and
I carry only one remembrance of it. The measles broke out in
the neighborhood. Gustavus Eldred, my special playmate, died
of them. I caught them of him and nearly died too. I was
taken sick in school, where I stayed wrapped in a shawl, on a
bench, till school was out. Then I started home. I got as far as
a point in the road about opposite where the present Baptist Church
now stands when my strength failed and I could go no farther.
My cousin, Ellen Sawyer, a big, stout girl, got me on her back
with my arms around her neck and carried me home. Dr. Thayer
was called. He bared my arm and thrust a lancet into it. The
blood spurted out in a stream which mother caught in a bowl.
Then came forgetfulness and three weeks passed out of my
life never to return even in memory. When consciousness came
back to me, I was lying in mother's bed with my playthings about
me. I did not know I had been sick till I tried to raise myself in
bed and could not. Mother lifted me and set me in a chair while
she made the bed. I wanted a drink and tried to go and get it but
only slipped off the chair and went sprawling on the floor.
The next winter (1845-6) Jacob Van Middlesworth taught the
9




Early Days in Climax.

school. I remember just one thing about his school. He was
pretty rigid in his discipline, but not savage like Babcock. Owing
to the manner in which the wood was furnished, we were frequently out of wood fitted for the stove, though there might be
some of sled length in the yard, so they were under the necessity
at times to either close the school or borrow an ax and cut some
wood. So the ax was sometimes borrowed and the teacher and
big boys cut up the wood. Among the big boys at that time
were my brother Sam, Caleb Lawrence, Horace and Rowland
Pierce. The latter used to go by the nick-names of " Rowl " or
" Old Dad." Where George Sinclair now lives, there was then a
log house in which Festus Hall, a shoemaker, lived. On the
west side of the road between the schoolhouse and Hall's it was
all woods. On the east side it had been recently cut over and
there were many brush heaps waiting to be burned. One noon the
teacher sent " Old Dad " to Hall's to borrow an ax to cut some
wood. He was gone a long time and finally returned without it.
" Jake," as we called him in after years, had found out that
" Rowl" had borrowed the ax, brought it part way, and hid it
in a brush heap, so he proceeded to give him a warming such as
could not then be had from the stove. I can in my mind's eye see
him now just as he laid it on, first a few strokes on the palm of the
hand with a hickory gad, and then as the teacher warmed up to
his work, a righteous good flogging on the back and legs. We
used to go about imitating the performance in fun for a long
time afterward. The next two summers, 1846 and 1847, the
school was taught by Sarah Holden, only in 1847 she had changed
her name and became Mrs. Nelson Eldred. The intermediate
winter school was taught by R. H. Sutton. I remember the man,
but nothing about his school. L. S. Eldred first went to school
to him. I learned in after years that R. H. Sutton did some very
bad surveying in Climax, evidently knowing little of the business.
When Miss Holden taught, I was seven and eight years old. I
learned very easily and so had plenty of spare time for mischief,
which I improved thoroughly. She often said in after years that
she could never catch me studying nor catch me without my
lesson. I was one of the most troublesome scholars she ever had.
Thomas Lawrence reminds me that she was the first one to
introduce housecleaning by the scholars. Previously the schoolhouse had only been cleaned once a term before school began. She
persuaded the scholars to spend one of their Saturday holidays
cleaning house. We got a big kettle from Daniel B. Eldred's and
brought water from there. The boys brought the water and heated
it and the big girls, led by the teacher, went in with mops and
brooms and rags and soft soap and sand and water and gave the
whole room a thorough cleaning. It was the finest kind of a lark,
and we enjoyed it better than any Saturday holiday for many a
day and we were proud of our neat school room when it was done.
I0




Early Days in Climax.

After that for a number of years we kept the house clean ourselves
and took pride in it. On one of the housecleaning holidays a
few years later some of the big boys caught a chicken and took
it up to the school yard where some of the girls dressed and
cooked it in a small iron kettle which had been borrowed from our
place in the morning. Then they had a chicken feast which I
refused to partake in. They tried to force it down me but couldn't.
When it was over, I told them why I would not eat of their
chicken. I had some conscientious scruples about eating stolen
chicken anyway, but the main reason was that it had been cooked
in a kettle which I had been feeding our pig in for months past,
and they had not cleaned it out to suit me before they cooked the
chicken. There was a crust of the pig feed sticking to the inside
of the kettle yet.
In the winter of 1847-8 Louise Hawley, formerly Louise
Eldred, began the term, but her health failing, the term was finished by Sarah Jane Davis, now Mrs. Atwood, oldest sister of the
late Eben Davis. I am not entirely certain about that, but it is
my recollection of it, and the records show that both taught that
season. The next summer, 1848, Elizabeth Ransom taught. She
was a daughter of Roswell Ransom, of Galesburg, a relative of the
Lovell's. Then we had only every other Saturday for holiday and
those days she took for a visit home. I have one incident to remember the school by, and only one. I have told of the whipping
I got, and always remembered for its injustice, but of the many
whippings I got in my school days Miss Ransom gave me one
which I have remembered for a very different reason. One
Monday morning when she came into school she startled us with a
new fashion. Her hair was done up in a knot at the back of her
head encircled and kept in place by a silken circlet made to resemble
a braid of hair. We had never seen such a thing before and it
attracted a good deal of attention, especially among the big girls.
As she stood at her desk on the opposite side of the room and
with her back to me I whispered to my mate, George Lawrence,
calling his attention to the novel manner in which her hair was
dressed. It was against the rule to whisper in school, but I trusted
to my own smartness not to get caught at it. It failed me. I was
caught and let off with a gentle reprimand. It piqued me a little,
and more to show what I could do than anything else I watched
my chance when her back was turned and whispered a second
time, and the second time she caught me at it. That time I got a
good hearty scolding. That piqued me still more. Thinks I, "I
can whisper without her knowing it," so I watched my chance
and tried it again, and the third time she caught me at it. Then
she called. me out on the floor, and gave me a thrashing that has
stuck to my memory for fifty-six years.
The next winter (1848-9) Myron Towsley taught the school.
He was an uncle of Frank Towsley who taught the school nearly
II




Early Days in Climax.

thirty years later. I remember the man, but remember but little
about the school. Thomas Lawrence says he remembers him for
striking Steenie Eldred a blow across the leg with a heavy ruler
that hurt him terribly. " Steenie " says he does not remember it,
but does remember some teacher throwing a heavy ruler across the
room and hitting him a blow on the backbone that wilted him
completely down. Electa Eldred taught the summer term in 1849.
She was an adopted daughter of Uncle Potter Eldred who used to
live half a mile west of Roofs Corners. She taught both that and
the following summer and was very popular with the children. It
was during one of her terms that the bear hunt took place.
George Lawrence and I came early to school one morning and
found the teacher and a few scholars already there out in the
yard. Just then two bears jumped out of the woods a few rods
from us and crossed the road into the opposite field. Father had
a shoe shop at that time in the old " Farmer's Exchange," which
stood on the corner where the Coe hotel recently burned. George
and I ran down there and gave the alarm and everybody turned
out instanter armed with any old gun or pitchfork or other weapon
they could get hold of. When I got back to the schoolhouse, the
two bears were playing together like kittens in the clover near
where Arch Gould's house now stands. When the hunters began
to assemble, the bears went back into the woods in spite of the
efforts made to keep them out in the open field. It was astonishing
the crowd that got together in a little while. It seemed as if
everybody within several miles was there. They surrounded the
woods to keep the bears from getting away and the best armed
went in after the bears. In those days every farmer had a big
tin horn which was used to call the men from the fields to their
meals. A number of the hunters had dinner horns and blew
them whenever a bear was sighted to let the others know where
the game was. Dick Gavin, a Missouri hunter who was temporarily visiting in the place, killed the first bear within a few
minutes after he entered the woods. He fired two shots, both
taking effect. That was before the day of breech-loading guns
and it was a matter of wonder and common talk for years afterward how quickly Gavin loaded his rifle and fired the second shot.
The other bear gave the whole crowd a two-hour chase before he
was finally brought. down. What with the shouting and the
blowing of horns and the firing of guns all in plain hearing you
may readily imagine we children in the schoolhouse were not doing
much studying nor did we preserve the best of order. Thirteen
balls were fired through the second bear before it was finally
brought down. My father fired the finishing shot from an old
army musket that carried an ounce ball. It was an old revolutionary piece made in England and had gone through the wars with
that country and also seen service in the Indian wars. Father
12




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brought it from New Hampshire with him. The bear was killed
in a little opening around the pond which then filled the hollow
this side of George Sinclair's. The bears were cut up and the
meat distributed to every one who wanted it. The piece that
father kept was tender and juicy and tasted much like fresh pork.
The skin of that bear adorned father's stable door for a long time
till at last a peddler came along and bought it. Father sold the
old muslket to George Sheldon. I wonder what ever became of
the old revolutionary bear killing relic. It had a history, and
Will Sheldon can tell you a story about it.
Speaking of the pond where the bear was killed, reminds me
of an incident connected with it which was called to my attention
by Thomas Lawrence. At that time water stood in the pond
the year round, and pond lilies grew there, and bullfrogs and
snakes and mud turtles inhabited it. The pond extended over
both sides of the road and was spanned by a plank bridge over the
deepest part. We boys used to sail on the pond and go under the
bridge on rafts made of rails from the fence near by. We used
to have a neat little school yard and were proud of it, but it
was open to the commons. At that time animals of all sorts pastured in the commons. One morning when we came to school
we found a big drove of hogs in the playground which they had
rooted over and nastied generally. So the boys drove the hogs
down the road to the pond. Some of them went ahead and took
a few planks out of the bridge and turned another up slantwise toreceive the hogs when they came. The other boys rushed the
hogs on from the rear, and, like the hogs in the Bible story, every
one of them went rushing into the pond, but none were drowned.
At another time a herd of cattle occupied our playground overnight, much to the disgust of the scholars. So they made a
halter and rope of withes and hickory bark and caught one steer
and proceeded to exercise him. One of the boys, Tom Lawrence
thinks it was Rodney Page, proposed to ride the steer and jumped
on his back. Then there was fun. The steer plunged and ran,-getting away from the boys who held the bark rope and then at full
speed made for the woods the boy on his back yelling and the
rest chasing after as fast as ever they could. When the steer got
into the bushes, he soon got rid of his rider, I don't know how,
but though the boy was well frightened he was not seriously
hurt.
About that time we had another bit of fun which has remained
in my memory. One early morning a boy found a big snapping
turtle in the clover just back of the present school yard. I think I.
never saw a bigger one. He captured it and took it up to the
schoolhouse and penned it in under the teacher's desk and stayed
around until some other boys came. The teacher came early and
got a good fright and promptly ordered the snapping turtle taken
i5




Early Days in Climax.
out of the house. There was one of the scholars whom we used
to call Well, or Wellie, who was a little younger than I. He was
so much in fear of a dog or any other animal that if he saw one
coming in the road he would climb over the fence and go a long
way round to avoid it. Just as we got the turtle out of the house
that morning we saw Wellie coming. We kept it out of sight till
he got near when one of the boys picked the turtle up by the tail
and ran after him with it. Such shrieking and yelling and tall
sprinting as Wellie did to get away from the turtle is rarely
heard or seen. It was the middle of the forenoon before he couldbe induced to come near the schoolhouse again and when he did
he kept a mighty sharp eye out for that turtle.
The next winter (1849-50) my brother Samuel taught the
school. I can only remember that he could not govern it. He was
only nineteen and had to deal with pupils of his own age, some of
whom were tolerably tough boys to deal with or handle, and they
did pretty much as they had a mind to, in spite of him. In later
years, when in the army, he showed that he could govern men, but
I imagine he never found it so hard to handle his company on or
off the battle-field as he did to govern that little district school at
home.
The summer of 185o Electa Eldred again taught the school. It
was in these days that Judge Eldred used to treat the children to
apples. The children all called him Grandpa and he was Grandpa
to most of them. The men called him the " Old Judge," but if
anybody spoke of Grandpa everybody knew that he was the person
meant. He had an orchard which had just nicely come into bearing which extended from the Baptist Church grounds south to the
burying ground or within a dozen rods of the schoolhouse. In it
there was a great variety of apples, good, bad, and indifferent.
There were a few trees bearing beautiful, luscious, yellow, harvest
apples. As soon as they were well ripened " grandpa " would carry
big baskets full of them up to the school. He would come just
before letting out of school at night and they were distributed
around to every one alike, so that every one had a share. It was
the biggest kind of a treat for the children, for there were but
few orchards in bearing in those days and such fruit as that was
scarce.
The next winter (1850-51) Ebenezer Flanders taught the
school. He was a short, humpbacked man and lived on the north
road to Galesburg. I think the punishments in those days must
have made a greater impression on my mind than almost anything
else, for the only thing I remember of his school was a punishment which took place in a spelling class. In those days the
spelling and reading classes stood up in a row on the floor kept
in line by toeing a chalkmark or a crack between the floor boards.
When spelling, the teacher pronounced the words to each one of
16




Early Days in Climax.

the class in succession from the head of the class to the foot. If a
word was missed, it passed to the next, and so on down the class,
till it was spelled correctly, when the successful speller took the
place next above the one who first missed it or perhaps at the
head of the class. The one who left off at the head of the class
at night took the place at the foot next day. A record was kept
and the scholar who left off at the head the most times during
the term held the honors of the championship and sometimes a
prize was added. In my time it was pretty nearly a sure thing that
either Sarah Le Fever or I would win. My story now is about
that boy Wellie of whom I have already told you. One day he
was near the head of his class and missed the first word that came
to him. After that he missed every word till he was at the foot.
Flanders had become convinced that the boy was missing words
purposely and said to him, " Don't you miss the next one." The
next word was an easy one of four letters and the boy missed it
in such a way that we all knew he did it on purpose. Flanders
stepped in front of him, drew his arm back at full length and dealt
the boy a swinging blow on the side of his face and ear with his
open hand. The boy went to the floor as if hit by a cannon ball.
When he got up, his spelling was greatly improved and he did not
miss another word for several days. Following Flanders in the
year 1851 Esther Rouse taught the school. Father sent me to
Battle Creek to school that summer and I remember very little what
was going on in our own district. A new schoolhouse of brick
was built that year right in the middle of our playground and the
big tree we used to play under was taken out. The old schoolhouse was moved across the road, sold to Robert Elwell, and
once more made into a dwelling. A few years. later it took fire and
burned down. Mary Ann Mason taught the first school in the
new  schoolhouse the winter after it was built.  She was a
daughter of Deacon Isaac Mason, who was a shining light in the
Baptist Church and worked the Hiram Moore farm previous to
its sale to Dewitt C. Reed. I remember Miss Mason very well
but nothing about her school. The next summer (1852), Diana
Hall, a daughter of Festus Hall, taught the school. She was an
efficient and popular teacher, much liked by her scholars. She was
the first teacher, I think, to introduce music into the school. She
was a fine singer, and every day under her teaching was enlivened
with song. How we did enjoy singing the many songs that she
taught us. At the close of the school she got teams and took the
whole crowd out for a ride. We went down the road singing at the
tops of our vbices, a happy crowd if there ever was one. I wonder
if there is any one here to-day who was in that crowd. I think
Miranda Adams was and perhaps Steenrod Eldred. Who else?
I was getting to be a good sized lad a dozen years old at this time
and did not go to school much more in the summer. I had to work
17




Early Days in Climax.
and did work around on the farms at 25 cents a day, and father
had the pay till I was seventeen years old, after which I had my
own wages and shifted for myself. Along in those early days
there were several private or select schools taught here which
gave higher instruction than could be had in the public school and
I attended them more or less as I could when not at work. The
first of these was taught in the old " Farmer's Exchange," on the
corner where the recent fire was. It was taught by Mary Norris,
of Battle Creek. The next was taught by Geo. A. Chapine, who
lived and had his school in what is now known as the Buckberry
House in 1852. Immediately after this J. L. McCloud, a Baptist
minister, lived and taught a school in what is now known as the
Hall House. I studied Latin under both these teachers and Chapine
tried to have me study Greek. The school in the winter of 1852-3
was taught by Wm. L. Stark and while I remember the man and
the school very well there is no particular incident connected with
it in my. memory. The same may be said of the schools in the
succeeding winter taught by Chas. Rhodes and in the summer of
1853 and 1854 by Lucy Palmer and Amy Bailey. In the winter
of 1854-5 Ann Bellows taught the school. My brother Charley
calls to my mind an incident of her school when one of the boys
got very unruly and she pulled a piece of lath from the side of
the room and belted him with that until he saw the error of his
ways and promised better behavior. The summer schools of
1856 and 1857 were taught by Elizabeth Spafford. I did not
attend them. The last teacher I went to in the district school was
Miles Seeley, a brother of Dr. O. F. Seeley, who taught in the
winter of 1855-6. Nearly a dozen years later a younger brother
of his taught the school. Neither of them  was a successful
teacher or could govern this school. I believe Miles Seeley was a
conscientious, honest man, who tried his very best, but there were a
lot of big boys and big girls too, who were ready and quick to take
advantage of his weak points. The boys in those days were strong,
sturdy fellows whose every-day sport was to wrestle and jump and
try all sorts of feats of strength. There was never a recess or a
nooning went by without something of the kind going on, and
if a boy came on a visit from another school somebody of his size
had to down him. I used to see more wrestling in a single day
then than I now see in our school yard in a year. We used to
find out in a short time what caliber a schoolmaster was made of,
and it did not take us long to find out that there were a number of
us who were more than a match for Mr. Seeley in a test of physical strength and skill. One day in a friendly scuffle with him I
put him on his back in the wood box in the entry way. If he had
only had the moral strength, he could have governed us well
enough, but there he was lacking, and the tears would run down
his face as he realized how impotent he was to rule us. It has
18




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Early Days in Climax.

been one regret of my life that in those last days of my school life
I was not strong enough in moral purpose to make the best use of
my opportunities instead of joining with others as I did in wasting
them. I never went to a district school again and I will not try
to trace this history any further. Those of us now living who attended school in the first brick schoolhouse on the hill are past
the midsummer of life and verging on the autumn. Those who
went to school in the old wood schoolhouse are in the autumn
and winter of life. Who knows what has become of all the boys
and girls of fifty years ago? We know that many of them have
passed over to the other side and the rest are scattered far and
wide. Perhaps if I call over the names that-occur to me of those
who attended school in the first old wood schoolhouse it may
bring to mind others and recall pleasant memories in the minds of
those who were their playmates in the days of long ago and with
these names I will close this paper.
From Judge Caleb Eldred's came Florinda, Nelson, Louise, and
Katharine.
From Stephen Eldred's came Gustavus and Wellington.
From Thomas Eldred's came Steenrod, Estella, and Delaune.
From Caleb Eldred's, Jr., came Eugene and Louise.
From Alfred Eldred's came Philander and Chester.
From Deacon Dan Eldred's came John Retallick and Henrietta
Ralph.
From Daniel B. Eldred's came Hiram, Richard, and Jane.
From Isaac Pierce's came Loren, Paulina, Janet, Horace, Rowland, Willard, Lucinda, and Angeline.
From Lawrence Pierce's came John Emery.
From   Walter Bonney's came Emerson, Abner, William,
Henry, Laura, Relief, Mary Jane, and Alvah.
From Page's came Elvira, Elmina, James, and Rodney.
From Joseph Riddles's came Leroy, Melville, and Albert.
From Festus Hall's came Urzelia, Diana, Ann, Mary, and
James.
From S. B. Thayer's came Wirt and Virgil.
From Isaac Davis's came Sarah Jane, Amanda, Miranda, Ezra,
and Eben.
From David Gutcheus's came Sally, David, and Harriet.
From John Holden's came Clarissa and Melvina.
From P. S. Lamb's came Alice and Adelaide.
From Bidwell's came Horace, Alvaser, and two girls, names
forgotten.
From Geo. Sheldon's came Charlotte, Eli, and Edward.
From M. Hodgman's came Samuel C., Francis, and Charles.
From Daniel Lay's came Darius, Darwin, and William.
From H. Howard's came John and Jane.
From D. Lawrence's came Blackman, Thomas, Caleb, Mary,
and George.
21




Early Days in Climax.

From W. E. Sawyer's came Louise, Ellen, Helena, Eliza,
Gertrude, and William.
From  J. N. Lefever's came Sarah and Magdalen.
From Paul Geddes's came James and Albert.
From N. Elwell's came Homer and Maria.
From Wm Pray's came Horace and Emily.
From the two Butler's came Charles, Abram, Absalom, Abner,
and Thomas.
From   N. Spicer's came David, Mary, Jane, James, and
Crandall.
From M. Cole's came Eunice, Esther, Marietta, and Lovina.
From W. E. Bellows's came Ann, Marian, Jane, Susan, and
Agnes.
From John Clermont's came Wm. H., Abner, and Lewis.
From H. Stimpson's came Adelia and Amelia.
Other names which occur to me are the children of the
Waterhouse family, Lovina Beach, Corydon Beach, Orange Beach,
Lovisa Johnson, John Haas, Kate Haas, Andrew         Chipman,
Gillett Spencer, Sol. Grimes, Henry Sears, Minerva Best, Cyril
White, Ann Beadle, Wm. Van Valkenburg, Martin Nichols, and
Perry Nichols.

22




The Old Landmark of Our Village.
UWriten for the Climax Cereal, 1902.
The talk of erecting a brick block on the site of what is known
as the Ide building and the consequent removal of that building
suggests to the writer that possibly it may be of interest to the
readers of the Cereal to recall some of the buildings which have
come and gone within the village limits since its first settlement.
A complete history of some of those buildings with only short
sketches of the different people who have occupied them, would
make a book of itself.
One of the first buildings to be erected and disappear was a log
house on what is now the Sheldon farm. It stood nearly opposite
Morris Roof's residence and back in the lot near where a peculiar
double burr oak tree now stands. It was built by Daniel O.
Dodge in 1832. In it Dodge's child was born and died - the first
birth and the first death in the township of Climax. After the
child's death the mother nursed a young fawn, to which she became
greatly attached, petting it like a child. When the fawn grew
older it became a nuisance and had to be killed. What became
of the house the writer does not know. It had disappeared before
1844. Possibly E. T. Lovell or T. B. Eldred could tell what
became of it.
Another residence built in 1832 was that of Judge Caleb
Eldred, which stood not far from the present residence of Mrs.
Squiers. It was occupied by the Judge's family until 1836 when
it was sold to the school district, moved onto the hill where the
Pierce cemetery now is, and transformed into a schoolhouse. In
it the first school was taught in the winter of 1836-7 by a man
named Hoyt, and the next summer by Emily Harris, daughter
of Elder John Harris, the pioneer Baptist minister. The next
winter (1837-38) the school was taught by Geo. W. Lovell,
brother of Enos T. Lovell.,The building was used as a schoolhouse until 1851. In it the writer and a few others of our townspeople got their first schooling. Then it was moved again to
the opposite side of the street and converted into a dwelling once
more. Robert Elwell owned and occupied it for many years
until it burned up. Another dwelling erected on its site is now
occupied by Mrs. Willis.
Another early residence was that of C. W. Spaulding, which
was built in 1832 and stood some distance back of the old farm23




Early Days in Climax.
house now owned and occupied by Mrs. Ransom. Spaulding
sold it to Isaac Pierce in 1835. How long the old house stood, or
what its fate was, the writer does not know, but it probably stood
until well along into the 40's, when the first part of the present
farm-house was built. Another house close by it was occupied
by Levi Pierce.
As long ago as the writer can remember, a log house stood on
the corner of the Sheldon farm within five or six rods of where
Geo. Cleveland's new house is to stand. Who it was built for,
when it was built, or when it was removed, the writer does
not know, but many of his earliest recollections in life are connected with that building when it was his home and when Daniel
B. Eldred owned the Sheldon farm.
More than half a century ago John J. Rice, a tailor, built a
house on the corner now occupied by the Ide building. After living in it and keeping shop in it for several years he sold it, if the
writer remembers aright, to Reuben L. Coe, who kept tavern in
it and taught dancing school and fiddled for dances. Later John
Clermont kept hotel in it. He had three sons, the youngest one of
whom was at one time one of the most noted swindlers and forgers
in the United States. The building came into possession of Wm.
E. Sawyer about 1854. He lived in it and kept a small stock of
general merchandise. A year or two later it burned down and
Sawyer erected the present building in its stead.
A little over fifty years ago a man named Charles Butler built
a house where J. D. Bucklih now lives. He only lived in it a year
or two, and then it passed into the hands of E. Packer, of Battle
Creek, who leased it to tenants. One of the most vivid recollections of the writer's early boyhood was concerning one of those
tenants, named Henry Mason. He was a blacksmith, and like some
others, both before and since then, drank altogether too much liquor
for his own good. One winter night he was taken with delirium
tremens and went up and down the streets yelling like a demon,
and going into people's houses all along the road. He came into
father's house just after we children had gone to bed, and nearly
frightened us out of our senses with his demoniac cursing and
yelling. It took a number of strong men to watch him and prevent
his doing serious injury to his family. Not long afterwards the
house caught fire and burned down, while occupied as a residence
by Truman Dewey.
Another of the old dwellings which were built half a century
a go was one erected by Cyrus Hewitt on what is now called the
Finout lot. Hewitt was a peddler who went about the country
with a horse and light wagon selling pins and needles, and thread
and buttons and pens and other notions that could be carried in
that way. He did not keep the place very long, and among those
who lived in it were Wmi. J. Greenleaf, Abner Bonney, and Court24




Early Days in Climax.

land E. Dean. The latter sold it to Charles Brown just before the
war of the rebellion, and he made it his home for the remainder of
his life. Its destruction by fire is so recent as to be remembered
by all but the newest comers.
When Reuben L. Coe sold out to Sawyer he bought a lot on
the other side of the street and put up a house near where the
drug store now stands. After some years it came into the possession of Hiram Wolcott,who, after living in it a while, moved it
to the south part of the village onto the lot now owned by G.
Wheeler. Later it came into the possession of Edmond Ingalls,
who died there. Then for a time it was occupied by tenants until
one day, while Mark Beadle was living there, it took fire and
burned.
These are some of the old residences of our village which have
served their purpose and passed away. There are others still
standing but not where they were originally built. Such for
instance is Old Mrs. Taylor's house, which was built by a man
named Calkins and originally stood on the west side of Main
Street about fourteen rods north of the " Corners." Another is
the residence of Harvey Beals, which was built by Wm. E.
Sawyer in 1843 or 1844 in the corner lot now occupied in part
by the Coe Hotel, now Hotel Wilson. Another is Arch Gould's
house which was once Stephen. Eldred's farmhouse, and still
another is Mrs. Fannie Tobey's house, which was once Daniel B.
Eldred's barn and stood back in the field forty rods south of the
house where W. H. Sheldon now lives. Other buildings of a
more public character which have passed away and are worthy
of further mention to save them from oblivion are the Farmers'
Exchange, the Ashery, the sawmill and the Masonic Hall.
There was one notable building in the early history of the,
village which deserves a notice, that belonged to neither of the
classes mentioned in the previous article. It was Judge Eldred's
big barn. It was built in 1833, and stood just back of where
George McIlvain's barn now stands. It was 40 x 8o feet in size
with 20-foot posts and massive timbers. When it was raised
people were gathered from all the settlements in the vicinity,
including Goguac, Gourdneck, Gull, and Tolland prairies and,
there not being white men enough, the Indians turned in and
helped at the raising. When the big building was up the Indians
looked in astonishment at its huge proportions and went about
exclaiming "majash wigwam." Asa Jones of Gull Prairie was
the boss carpenter and everything went up without a hitch. A
raising in those days meant a "big time " and as this was a big
raising and a big crowd they had a " big time" to match. Big
as the barn was, it was filled to overflowing with wheat the first
year. It served its purpose in the place where it was built' for
some thirty or forty years and then it was cut in two. One half
25




Early Days in Climax.

was moved back and is now Mrs. Mary Smith's big barn here
in the village. The other half was suffered to rot down where
it stood, and the last vestige of it has been gone for fifteen or
twenty years.
Of the business buildings the earliest was the " Farmers'
Exchange," a store building built by Daniel B. Eldred some time
in the late thirties. It stood across the way from Eldred's house
(now Sheldon's) not far from what is now known as the Pond
residence. Eldred kept a general stock of such goods as were
required by the settlers at that time, including liquors, for which
he took out a license in May, 1840. The old building had a
checkered career and there are doubtless those who know its
history better than the writer does. Wm. E. Sawyer came into
possession of it in 1843 or 1844, and carried on the store business
where it stood for a year or more. Then he moved it onto the
corner where Coe's hotel now stands. While standing there it
served various purposes. Sawyer used it for a store; Moses
Hodgman for a shoe shop and dwelling; Wiseman and Mills
for a store and tailor shop; Harvey Lent for a dwelling and
whisky saloon, etc. The property on that corner went back into
the hands of Isaac Pierce some time about 1860. Then the old
Astore was moved a few rods north out of the way and the hotel
was built in its place. It hardly stayed there long enough to get
rested, when it was moved north again to a point about opposite
John Sherman's, where it was used for a barn. When the
Peninsular Railroad came to town the old store made its last
move, being taken down to the track and used for a depot until
it was torn down and a better one built in its place. Early in
its history it had a coat of yellow paint put on it which lasted its
lifetime. On the front was painted the word " STORE " and on
each side beneath the eaves in big black letters which reached the
entire length of the building were the words " FARMERS'
EXCHANGE" and in small letters the name of the painter, J.
Miller.
While the building stood on the corner it for nearly a year
served as a background to show off a tall stalk of corn. The
corn was raised by Geo. Sheldon from seeds brought from the
South. This stalk grew in what is now Dr. Seely's garden, or
near there. It was nailed up beside the door in front of the store
and reached from the platform to the peak of the roof, measuring
17 feet 6 inches in length. There are a number of people yet
living who well remember that long stalk of corn.
Wm. E. Sawyer was a man of great energy and push and
during the time that he lived at the " Corners " he did more than
any other three men to build up the village. About the same time
that he built the Beals house and moved the store into the corner
he built an ashery and manufactured potash. The building stood
26




Early Days in Climax.

somewhere near where the north side of Maple Street is
intersected by the street to the depot. How long the ashery was
run I do not know. My father was in some way connected with
Sawyer in his business, both in the ashery and the store. One
night Wm. Pray, who had been drawing ashes, was at our house
to supper. Among other things mother had warm biscuits and
maple syrup for supper. The syrup was in a cream pitcher. At
the supper table Pray, after pouring out some of the syrup, noticed
a drop hanging from the pitcher. He thrust out his tongue and
lifted the pitcher almost to his mouth, when noticing some of
us looking at him he suddenly bethought himself and set the
pitcher down with the remark, " Gaul, I liked to licked it off
before I thought." The expression was a byword in our family
for years afterward.
Another of Sawyer's enterprises was a steam sawmill which
he built about the same time. It stood back of and a little west
of the ashery. Like most of the sawmills of those days it was a
heavy, cumbrous affair of two stories, built of big massive timbers
heavy enough to support a railroad train. Most of the machinery
was in the lower story and the logs were hauled up a sloping
tramway to the upper story for sawing. The saw was hung in
a heavy sash and it took all the steam from two cylinder boilers
to run it fast enough to cut out 2,500 to 3,000 feet of lumber per
day. The mill was well patronized and it was the usual thing in
winter to have the yard and the roadway for a long distance each
way filled with saw logs of the finest quality of whitewood, ash,
walnut, cherry, basswood, and oak timber. The mill did business
for twenty-five years or more and then went to decay and was
torn down. Sawyer only ran it three or four years and then
sold it to Gen. Cady, of Battle Creek. After that it changed hands
frequently, and a good many men had a turn at owning or running
it. Among them were Amos Best, Jacob Van Middlesworth, John
Mitchell, M. Mix, Geo. Reno, W. B. Seymour, C. B. Guchess,
Ezra Davis, and others.
The last of the departed landmarks to which I shall refer is,
or was, the Masonic Hall. This was built by the Masons in 1862
on the corner where L. T. Clark's store now stands. It was a
two-story building with store and shop room below and the
Masonic Hall and a dwelling room above. In 1862 it was sold
to M. Hodgman, except the hall. He in turn sold it to his son, C.
E. Hodgman, who occupied it for several years as a dwelling,
store, shoe shop, and postoffice. On January 13, 1878, it burned
down. At the time of the fire, aside from the hall, it was occupied
by John Wardell drug store, Moses Hodgman shoe shop, F.
Hodgman, county surveyor's office, and W. Ashby, dwelling.
Aside from the buildings which have been mentioned a barn,
was once burned down a little east of where Luce's livery barn

27




Early Days in Climax.

now stands, so that in the history of the village three out of the
four main corners have been visited by destructive fires. In
writing these sketches of our missing landmarks, our " ships
that have passed in the night," the author has depended mainly
on his memory. The statements made in a general way may
be relied upon, but there may be some errors as to dates or
persons which perhaps some of our citizens can correct. If so
the writer will be glad to have them corrected.

28




The Old Fort.

Written for the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, held at Lansing,
Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, june 5, 6, 7, 1902.
I have been asked to give this society an account of a
prehistoric fort at Climax. There is very little to be told beyond
the statement that within the present limits of the village of
Climax there once existed something which for the want of a
better name or of any knowledge of its purpose the early settlers
called the "old fort."
The village of Climax is situated on the prairie from which
it takes its name nearly at the summit of the watershed,between
the valleys of St. Joseph and Kalamazoo Rivers. It is said to
be the highest point on the line of the Grand Trunk Railroad
between Port Huron and Chicago. The so-called fort occupied
the crest of a knoll in the southwest part of the village. This
is probably the highest ground in the township of Climax and
does not vary much in elevation from I,ooo feet above sea level.
It overlooks the surrounding country for a considerable distance
in all directions and is about Ioo rods distant west of south from
the center of the village, the quarter Section corner for Section
2 and 3, Township 3 South, Range 9 West.
The first settlements were made here in 1831. At that time
the country in the vicinity was all of it either prairie or oak
openings with no undergrowth of bushes or small timber. The
knoll was covered with large oak trees without any undergrowth.
The open country all around it showed everywhere evidences of
former cultivation. There were numerous mouhds in the vicinity,
nearly all of which have been destroyed and leveled with the
earth. Some of them contained bones and other human relics.
The garden beds, so called, occupied most of the open ground
for a mile around. They were marked by trenches or paths
several inches deep which parted the land off into the different
tracts. These paths were from   one to three feet wide. The
beds were irregular in size and shape and not laid in straight
lines. They also laid in various directions and at different angles
with each other as if the land had been parceled out and worked
by different owners. The paths were deep enough so that when
the ground was plowed the plow would run out of the ground in
crossing them and their location could be plainly seen in the
freshly plowed ground for many years after its settlement. The
29




Early Days in Climax.

knoll rose in the midst of these " garden beds."  I first knew it
in 1844. Nearly the entire field of forty acres in which it stood
was then covered with oak timber from   one to three feet in
diameter and a thick undergrowth of oak, hickory, and hazel
which had sprung up within the last dozen years since the annual
fires which formerly swept over the whole country had been
stopped. Around the summit of the knoll was a ditch two or
three feet deep and ten or twelve feet wide, with the earth from
it banked up on the sides, making it very plain and distinct and
easily traced. Large trees were growing in its bottom and along
its banks, showing that a long time had elapsed since its construction.
The first schoolhouse in the town of Climax was only a few
rods away, where, when a little boy of four years old I first
attended school and where as years passed along I got nearly all
the common school education I ever had. In that field was our
playground and it was a favorite pastime of the school children
to m-ake believe we were Indians and chase each other round
and round in that old ditch.
Many were the speculations as to who dug it and what for,
but nobody knew anything about it. Because of its form and the
commanding position it occupied it was commonly known as the
old fort. But that was only conjecture. The ground it occupied
has been cleared and cultivated for many years and the old
ditch is for the most part filled up. A few of us who knew every
foot of the ground in our younger days can now go on the
ground and trace out its location but a stranger would fail to
find it. It is now rarely mentioned in the village; and it is probable that very many people living within half a mile of the old fort
never knew there was such a thing there.
A quarter of a century ago I made a survey of the old ditch
and found that its form was that of a perfect ellipse, or oval
enclosing I 3-10 acres of the summit of the hill. Its major axis
pointed north 30 degrees east. Its greater diameter is 330 feet and
the lesser diameter 210 feet. Its site is shown in the backgrounds
of the pictures of the two first schoolhouses in the district.
In some local historical verses written about that time the
poet thus refers to the old fort:" The time's but an instant, a quick fleeting breath
Compared with time since the angel of death
Laid the mound builders low whose. work we may still
See encircling the ground at the top of the hill.
Men call it the fort; but can any one tell
Why that circular ditch was there laid out so well?
Did the mound builders once stand in battle array
And fight at the fort as we call it to-day?
30




Early Days in Climax.

Or was it a spot where by moonlight the fairy
Would dance on the knoll overlooking the prairie?
It was one time our playground. The old schoolhouse stood
On the hill by the graveyard, and there was the wood
Where we wandered and clambered the hazels among
And played we were Indians and hunted and sung.
How often that ditch we then followed around;
We knew every sapling and tree on the ground;
The trees are now gone and the ditch will soon fill,
But ever in memory we'll cherish them still."
The ditch has filled. There are a very few of us who played
there in childhood left to cherish the memory of the old fort and
the happy days spent there. But the little mounds on the hill
at its side will soon cover us too. We shall mingle our dust
with that of the men who built the fort and in days to come will
be no more known than they are now.

31




The Moore Harvester.

One day in 1898 I picked up a paper which contained an
account of the great harvesting machines used in California.
Not long after that I received a newspaper clipping which said,
" The latest and most wonderful thing in the line of harvesting
machinery is the invention of Mr. J. W. Conroy. It cuts the
grain and threshes it simultaneously." Then followed a description of the machine which brought vividly to my mind the days
of my boyhood, sixty years ago, when I, with crowds of others,men, women, and children, some of whom are still living in this
vicinity,-.gathered in what is now known as the George Roof
place to watch the great prototype and progenitor of all harvesting machines as drawn by twenty horses it swept around the
big field, cutting a fifteen-foot swath and delivering the grain in
bags ready for the market faster than two teams could draw it to
the granary. On one of these days (and Sunday at that) this
machine harvested I,Ioo bushels of wheat.
Its inventor, Hiram Moore, was born in Shirley, Mass., July
19th, 18oi. When he was ten years old his father moved to
Dalton, in northern New Hampshire, where he located and
settled on a farm on the high table land overlooking the valley
of the Connecticut River and in full view of the picturesque
ranges of the White and Franconia mountains in New Hampshire
and the Green mountains in Vermont. The elder Moore was an
expert workman in monumental stone cutting and taught his
boys the trade which Hiram  worked at in Vermont and in
Savannah, Ga., until the spring of 1831, when he and his brother,
Lovell Moore, came to Michigan and located lands at Comstock,
Tollands Prairie, and Climax Prairie, at Tollands buying out a
squatter on what is now the county poor farm. Hiram Moore
was one of the party of four who visited Climax that spring and
gave the prairie its name. Later in the season John and Lovell
Moore brought their families to Michigan and built a house at
Tollands Prairie with a shake roof, log puncheons for lower floor
and flat rails for the chamber floor. There was not a sawed board
in the building. How many who read this have any idea what
a shake roof is, or a puncheon floor? Then they built a sawmill
at Comstock, only four miles from what now is the city of
Kalamazoo. Only a few miles away lived John Hascall, who
had just moved in from New York, a man of an inventive turn
of mind.
32




Early Days in Climax.

As things then were, he and Moore were considered near neighbors, and being men of similiar tastes, they often visited back and
forth. One day when Hascall's first crop of wheat was being harvested, the two were watching the cradlers at their work when Hascall said to Moore, " Why can not some machine, drawn by horses,
be made to cut the grain and save all this hard, hot labor."  E.
Lakin Brown of Schoolcraft said to the writer that Hascall also
outlined in a general way how he thought such a machine might
be made. Mr. Brown was an intimate friend of both and had
good opportunity for knowing about the invention. Hascall's
question set Moore to thinking, and from that time, 1832, until
the machine was perfected twenty years later, Moore's mind,
means, and time were fully occupied with it. He put his own
means into it and all that he could borrow from his friends and
they all lost heavily by it. Hascall, who first suggested it and
who aided Moore by his advice and suggestions, was ruined
by it.
The first conception of the harvesting machine included only
the cutting of the wheat. The general problem   was not a
difficult one for an inventive mind like Moore's and he set
immediately  about it, making   plans and  experimenting in
various ways. The great difficulty met him right at the threshold - to devise something which would cut the grain.    All
the rest was easy. He first tried a straight smooth edged knife
with a reel to hold the grain against it; next a straight sickle
edged knife (which the writer now has a part of); next a
scalloped smooth edged knife like those now used in mowers;
then two such knives reciprocating in opposite directions and
then a scalloped sickle, but they all failed. The grain would
slip away from them.
Theri came the invention of the fingers or guards. He made
them of wood with a narrow steel plate for the knife to slide on
and another plate just over the knife which kept the grain from
sliding away. That solved the problem and it is claimed that
this was the first scalloped sickle with slotted finger guards ever
made. While this preliminary work was being done, Moore
made his home with his brother at Comstock, but spent a portion
of his time at other places, at one time boarding at Mr. Cuming's
on Tolland Prairie, where Mr. J. R. Cumings still lives (June
1901) on the same farm that he did when Moore boarded at his
father's almost seventy years ago.
In August, 1834, Moore was married at Gull Prairie by
Elder Knappen to Harriet West Fogg, a sister of Lovell Moore's
first wife. The property owned by the Moore brothers was
divided up and to Hiram's share fell the Climax Prairie land now
owned and occupied by Geo. Roof, and there he settled with his
bride. For twenty years that was his home and there he did
33




Early Days in Climax.

most of his studying and experimenting to develop the machine.
This work led him away from home a great deal of the time
as practically all of the mechanical work had to be done elsewhere.
His first machine was built and set up at Flowerfield and used
on Prairie Ronde. It was a crude affair and delivered the grain
in the chaff in boxes which had to be changed as often as filled.
E. Lakin Brown thought there were as many as three of these
crude preliminary machines made.
In 1836 the machine was patented as a whole. From Hascall's
idea of a machine simply to cut the grain and deliver it in gavels
ready to bind, it had gradually grown under Moore's hand to
a complete harvester, but by no means complete when his patent
was issued. It had, however, within it even then the basic
inventions which have been used in every successful grain cutting
or threshing machine from that day until this. There has been a
good deal of controversy as to whether Moore was the first
inventor of some of these devices, but whether that be so or not
they were, so far as he was concerned, original inventions of his
and they came from his hands practically perfect as they are
used to-day. He invented them himself and he did not steal
some other person's inventions.
Lovell Moore, Jr., a nephew of Hiram  Moore, in writing
of these early inventions says, " Uncle Hiram boarded with us
over a year. I saw him and heard him talk nearly every day
and it was nearly all about his plans for a machine to cut grain
by horse power. He was drafting plans half the time."  After
describing the invention of the sickle and the guards he says,
"At this time he had only thought of cutting the grain and
delivering it in bundles at the side ready for binding but he
soon began to plan for threshing and separating, but that part,
the bar cylinder, the elevating part, the slip gear, chain belts,
etc., all of his invention, is too great a task for me to write out."
Among those who aided financially in developing the harvester
were Aaron K. Burson of Schoolcraft who put a couple of thousand dollars into it, and one of Michigan's first and ablest statesmen, United States Senator Lucius Lyon. Lyon had been a
government surveyor and was then a wealthy man and full of
projects for improvements. While he was helping Moore with
his invention, he was also starting and operating the first salt
works in the state at Grand Rapids and trying to establish a beet
sugar factory at White Pigeon. It was Lyon's idea that Moore
should take out patents on the several parts of the machine as they
were invented. Moore's failure to do so practically lost him
all the fruits of his inventions and made millionaires of others
who appropriated them. Moore and his friends always claimed
that McCormick had the opportunity and appropriated- whatever he chose of Moore's inventions when he got out his own
34




Early Days in Climax.

machine in 1834. Within the next ten years a number of harvesting machines were patented, some or all of which made use of
Moore's inventions. On March 3d, 1844, Senator Lyon, who
then had a large interest in the harvester, wrote to Moore enumerating several of these patents and saying, "I should think your
safest plan would be to patent your improvements separately. I
fear you have been anticipated in some of them." Lovell Moore
writes me, "I am sure Uncle Hiram patented his machine as a
whole and nobody wanted it as a whole, but when his patent
expired and he asked congress for a renewal, he was met by a host
of machine makers who wanted the important parts and his bill
was defeated. McCormick spent $40,000 to defeat it."  Albert
Little, Esq., of Richland, a relative of Moore by marriage, told
the writer that he well remembers hearing Moore say that McCormick had made him an offer of $30,000 for the use of his
inventions but that they were worth more and McCormick had
got to pay full value. Lovell Moore further writes, "After constructing a crude machine at Flowerfield, Uncle went to Rochester
N. Y., where Mr. Hall had large machine works and was making
threshing machines, consisting -of a crude horse power and a
tub cylinder of wood with spikes driven in for teeth. There was
no separator. Uncle Hiram contracted with Hall to have all the
work done to put up two complete harvesters and in return Uncle
agreed to plan a separator attachment to Hall's tub cylinder.
Hall's pattern maker afterward went to Cincinnati and there
fell in with McCormick and between them they got up the McCormick mowing machine and contracted with Seymour &
Morgan of Brockport, N. Y., to manufacture them. Caleb Eldred,
Jr., purchased the first one used in Climax in the fifties. I
learned these facts from Uncle himself. In the fall of 1849 I went
from Kent County to Climax, to look after his affairs on the farm
during his absence in Washington. On arriving at Battle Creek
in the stage, I found Mr. Morgan in the hotel enquiring for
conveyance to Climax.   I told him  I was going there. He
wanted to see Hiram Moore. I too. On the way up he gave me
a history of the McCormick machines. Seymour & Morgan and
McCormick had a falling out and Seymour & Morgan were then
manufacturing mowers and reapers for themselves. Mr. Morgan
was then going to get Uncle Hiram to invent some kind of a
self-raking attachment to their reaper. Well, McCormick sued
Seymour & Morgan for infringement of his patent. The suit
came off in the United States court at Albany, N. Y. The
old harvester or a model of it was brought in evidence and McCormick lost his case. He sued again and again on other points
and again the old harvester beat him. He afterwards got judgment on the driver's seat.
In 1852, I think in October, during Uncle's absence in Washington, a stranger drove up from Battle Creek and requested me
35




Early Days in Climax.

to allow him to look at the harvester. I unlocked the doors and
threw them wide open and left him. In about an hour I returned
and found him taking notes. I asked him what he thought of it.
'It is a wonderful machine' said he 'and it does the most work
with the least gearing of any machine I ever saw. I think McCormick must have seen this machine before ever he invented a
reaper.' 'Why so,' said I, 'Well, Mr. Moore, I will be candid
with you. I am    the foreman of Mr. McCormick's machine
shops in Chicago. He has had several costly suits with Seymour
& Morgan at Albany and got beat every time by this harvester.
Now he has sued again in the same court and the suit comes
off in November. I have come expressly from Chicago to see
if the bone of contention is in this old harvester and, by thunder,
there it is and a much better one than in either of them.' He
then'pointed to the divider, which separated the cut from the
standing grain. 'Now,' said he, 'there is not a single important part of a reaper, or a threshing machine either, so far as I
can judge, but can be found in this harvester. That is why I
think McCormick saw it before he invented a reaper."
It is difficult to determine from the evidence thus far at my
disposal, how many harvesters were built or where. There is no
doubt the first crude machine was put together at Flowerfield, at
the home of C. S. Wheeler. It seems probable that the several
parts were made in different places where mechanics could be
found to do the work. Henry Bishop, an old-time resident of
Prairie Ronde, says this machine was only a model. Isaac Smith
of Charleston was for a long time in the employ of Moore as a
mechanic at work on the harvester, and he told the writer that
as many as three machines were built and put in operation on
Prairie Ronde, which did not clean the grain but delivered it in
boxes in the chaff. He says that he put in the first cleaning
apparatus in a machine which they were accustomed to call the
" experimenter " because Moore kept it to experiment with and
test his inventions. Of the two machines made in Rochester, N.
Y., one was for Senator Lyon. It remained in store at Rochester
for two years when Mr. Lyon had it shipped to Prairie Ronde
and put into operation. Lyon wrote to Moore from Buffalo
May 4, 1839, as follows:
"I have been to Rochester to get my harvesting machine
from Mr. Filers, where you left it two years ago, and have this
day shipped it on board brig Virginia, Capt. J. M. Douglass,
Master, to St. Joseph. It consists of about 65 pieces of wood
and boards and two barrels containing the bars and bolts belonging to them, so that the machine may be put together at St.
Joseph and hauled to Prairie Ronde, if you think it worth the
trouble and expense of doing so.  I, leave it with you to decide
that point. Nobody but you will be able to put it together and if
36




Early Days in Climax.

it is prepared for use this season you will have to do it. Ira
Lyon will go with his team to bring it to the Prairie as soon as
you are ready, that is, if you think it is worth bringing. As to
myself I must say that I have very little expectation that it ever
will be worked to advantage anywhere and I would be very glad
to have my money back again for my share of the invention. Not
that I do not believe that grain may be harvested and threshed by
machinery cheaper than it ever has been done by hand, for I do
believe it and furthermore, I think the principle of your machine
is correct and that it will lead to important results, but a machine
to be useful on the farm must be far lighter and more manageable
than the one I have been removing. It is too heavy and unwieldy
for the average field, be it large or small, to be ever introduced
into general use - at least it seems so to me. You, however,
can judge much better than I in regard to the matter and I therefore leave it to you as to whether you will get the machine ready
to use in the next harvest or not. I have forwarded the whole
of it, except the gathering cylinder and the cylinder with which
to carry off the straw, both of which I left because they were
very large and because I supposed you thought them of little
use. I, however, brought along the wheel and guide gear and
teeth belonging to the former, and wheel and shaft and iron
arms belonging to the latter, which may, perhaps, be used in the
construction of something that will answer the purpose for
which these cylinders were intended."
Senator Lyon's forebodings were in a measure correct, and
doubtless were shared in by Moore himself for when some years
later he rode out on the Prairie Ronde with E. Lakin Brown and
viewed the working of the first of the small reapers which was
used there, he said to Brown, " That is the last of my harvesters,"
or words to that effect. But the size of the machine was not the
only reason, nor the main reason, why the machines did not come
into general use in the East. But this is getting ahead of my story.
Moore did get Lyon's machine " ready for the next harvest"
and by fall the senator had entirely changed his mind about it.
On the 17th day of November, 1839, he wrote from Kalamazoo, to Henry L. Ellsworth, commissioner of patents, as follows:
' There is no longer any doubt of the success of the Moore and
Hascall harvesting machine. Mr. Moore has had a machine in the
field on Prairie Ronde in this county during the past summer
which harvested and threshed 63 acres of wheat in superior
style and would have harvested 250 acres with the greatest ease;
at the rate of 20 acres per day had it not been for one or two
Arifling accidents, the cause of which may easily be guarded
against in the construction of machines hereafter. Twenty of
the 63 acres were harvested on my farm and every expense
attending it does not exceed one dollar per acre. A great number
37




Early Days in Climax.
of farmers witnessed its operation. All are entirely satisfied with
its complete success and many in sowing their wheat this fall are
calculating largely on the benefits to be derived from it next
year. I have within the last three or four years advanced Mr.
Moore between three and four thousand dollars to enable him
to bring the machine as near perfection as possible and am much
gratified at the result of his labors. The following are some
of the improvements made by him in the winter of 1836-7 and
publicly tested in the neighborhood of Rochester in the summer
of 1837:
I. A principle, or mode and fixture, for throwing the machine
out of and into gear; which may be understandingly exhibited
by plates and drafts.
2. A new method and fixture for starting and operating the
sickle or cutter.
3. Revolving racks or endless aprons filled with teeth or spikes
for bringing the grain to the cutter and when cut conveying the
cut grain from the gathering cylinder to the thresher when the
gathering cylinder is used to aid in gathering and cutting.
4. The revolving wire or net work screens for separating the
threshed wheat from the straw and carrying off the latter from
the machine.
5. A fender or retainer to prevent the loss of such wheat or
grain as may be thrown over forward of the machine by the
gathering apparatus.
All these improvements may be as well represented by drawings as in any other way and at the request of Mr. Moore I write
to enquire whether they can not be patented without furnishing
a model of them. I also beg leave to enquire whether a model
of the original machine as it was patented can not be supplied
at the expense of the department. If it can, the improvements
can be added at little cost."
Until the-advent of the small reapers about ten years later
Moore continued making improvements on his harvester and
constructed several machines, just how many I have not been
able to learn. One of these machines was built for Andrew Y.
Moore of Schoolcraft. Hiram Moore kept and operated one of
them on his own and adjacent farms in Climax and may have
also had one at Schoolcraft which was used in cutting grain for
various farms in that vicinity. E. Lakin Brown told the writer
that he employed Moore to harvest his wheat for several years 'in
succession.
Moore was doubtless close run for money to make improvements on his machine, for I find that in 1840 he assigned to Rix
Robinson and Lucius Lyon " 41/    sixteenths each in all the
improvements that may be made by Moore on Moore & Hascall's
harvesting machine." This gave them the controlling interest in

38




Early Days in Climax.

the improvements. On August 6th, 1841, Hascall assigned to
Lucius Lyon all the interest he held in the Moore & Hascall
patents for harvesting machines. The consideration was $1oo
in cash, $200 in the personal notes of E. Ransom and Lucius
Lyon, and $5,000 to be paid out of the profits from sales and
manufacture of machines. The $5,000 from profits never materialized, and Hascall was that much out.
The next day after the transfer from Hascall to Lyon the
latter wrote to the Commissioner of Patents: " We have had
our harvesting machines in the field and mine has harvested 150
acres without much delay for alterations, and I have no doubt the
invention will ultimately prove one of the most important labor
saving inventions ever brought into use, but the operation of
cutting, threshing, and cleaning the grain in the field, all at one
time, is so complex and the harvest season, which is the only season
for experiments, so short that it will take some years yet to
perfect it so as to make it profitable. The expense is so great that
Hascall has broke down and I have been compelled to buy his
interest. In the meantime six years of the patents have passed,
and as there can be no profit arising from the invention for at
least three or four years, there is but small inducement to go on
and perfect it unless the patent can be extended to the end of
twenty-one years;" and he asked to have the patent extended.
A few days later he wrote to Arthur Bronson asking him
to take an interest in the machine, which Bronson declined. In
this letter he said: " Two of the machines were operated during
the last harvest and worked most admirably and are now in as
good or better condition than before they were used. When the
machines are driven with an ordinary degree of care, nearly every
grain of wheat is saved, while under the old method fully one
fifth was lost. Ira Lyon operated one of these machines and
after paying all expenses cleared about $300, which is more than
fifty per cent on the cost of the machine. In addition to saving
one fifth of the grain, he harvested and threshed at $3 an acre,
while the usual cost was $5 an acre. The machine will work well
on any ground that is free from large stones and stumps and
may be operated by any man of ordinary common sense after
two days' experience." This was written in August, 1841.
Isaac Smith tells me that he began work for Moore that
year and built three machines. It is probable that the castings
for these machines were made at Battle Creek at the foundry of
Jewell & Rockwell. These machines were built during the seven
years that Smith worked for Moore. One of them     was the
" Experimenter" referred to in a former article. Another was
the machine made for Andrew Y. Moore of Schoolcraft. This
machine was used for a time in Schoolcraft and afterward taken
to California by Kidwell Moore, a son of Andrew Y. Moore, and
39




Early Days in Climax.

George Leeland in 1849. It went by way of New York and
around Cape Horn, and when it got to California the freight
charges were so great that it came near being sold to pay the
freight. They succeeded, however, in saving the machine, and
under the conditions prevailing there it proved a great success
and machines modeled after it are largely in use there now.
Among those who used the machine before it left Schoolcraft
were Andrew Y. Moore's son, 0. H. Moore, who was afterward
colonel of the 25th Michigan Infantry and who, with his regiment
(among whom were B. F. Travis, Homer Elwell, and other
Climax boys) gave the rebel General John Morgan and his
army a beautiful drubbing at the battle of Tebbs Bend, Kentucky,
one Fourth of July morning thirty-eight years ago.. Another man
who helped to run that machine was David Hamilton of Pavilion,
father of our townsman, Glenn Hamilton, who worked for
Andrew Y. Moore for about three seasons. At one time Hamilton took a load of wheat directly from the machine to the grist
mill in Prairie Ronde, had it ground and put into five barrels,
whence he took it with all speed to Kalamazoo and had it shipped
over the Michigan Central Railroad to 'New York City, just to
show the New York folks what could be done, and to advertise
the machines.
The late Rev. S. C. Hodgman wrote me: " I remember seeing
one of the machines, the second one, I think, that was made on
Moore's place. I remember seeing it harvest over I,Ioo bushels
from twenty-six acres one Sunday. The machine was not a success in Michigan on account of the shortness of the time in which
it. could be used. The wheat must be in just the right condition,
fully ripe and perfectly dry. A crop might be lost while waiting
for the proper conditions."  This is the main reason why the
harvester was not a success in Michigan. The whole story is told
in the words, " climatic conditions." The harvester could not be
started in the morning until the dew was off, and it must be
stopped when the dew began to fall at night. About eight hours
per day was all that could be depended on for work. If there
were green spots in the wheat they must be skipped. If the wheat
was damp and unripe, it would spoil in the bin. But in the dry
region of the West, there is nothing of this kind to contend with,
and there the harvester found its congenial home, and is still
doing its work.
After Moore moved to Wisconsin he had his harvester sent
him, and it was used there for a time. The remains of the old
"Experimenter " are some of them still knocking about the old
farm at Climax. The sight of the great harvester with its long
row of horses moving majestically about the field, pouring out
the clean wheat in bags as fast as two men could tie them, and
faster than two teams could draw them to the granary, was an
40




Early Days in Climax.

inspiring one to the imagination of such a lad as I was when I
witnessed it, and it seemed to affect others in the the same way.
Hundreds came from far and near to see the great sight, many
of whom are yet living, but all past the half-century mark.
E. Lakin Brown, to whom reference has been made, was inspired
by it to write his poem, " Harvest Time in Prairie Ronde," in
which he gives a graphic description of the great harvester at
its work on the big prairie.
There is little to be added to the history of the harvester. The
advent of the small reapers drawn by single team effectually
ended all hope of the use of the harvester outside of the dry,.
regions of the West, and with the exception of the machine sent
to California, and perhaps Moore's own machine in Wisconsin,
the big harvesters were suffered to rot down wherever they happened to be. Perhaps the same fate has befallen these two in
the more than half a century that has passed since they were
built.
My father was a shoemaker, and lived for several years on a
little two-acre lot out of the southwest corner of Moore's farm.
I often saw Mr. Moore, and knew him as well as a little lad
usually knows a man and a neighbor. He spent many an hour
in father's shop, and chatted while father sewed the seams and
hammered the leather and drove the pegs which made the footwear of the neighborhood, and I sat by and listened. I can not
now recall any particular conversation, but I well remember the
appearance of the man at one time as he made a part of a picture
which was indelibly impressed on my youthful memory. Father's
shop was in a low, one story lean-to on the north side of the
house. His bench was where he could get the best light from
the window. Beneath the window on the outside was a rain
barrel to catch the falling water from the eaves. One day as
Moore sat in the shop with his back to the window and close to it,
something attracted our attention, and looking up to the window
we saw a big snake swaying back and forth with the lower part
of its body resting around the top of the barrel and its head reaching nearly to the eaves, as if it were trying to climb upon the
house. Whenever I think of it I can see that window with Mr.
Moore on the inside and the huge serpent swaying on the outside
as plainly as though it were but yesterday. My older brother took
Mr. Moore's cane (made from a broom handle) as the handiest
weapon, and quickly brought down the snake - and broke the
cane as well. It was a blacksnake six feet and eight inches long.
It was hung up as a trophy from a limb of a crab-apple tree near
the roadside.
This older brother wrote me as follows in regard to Mr.
Moore and his family: " Moore was a very pleasant man, well
informed on general subjects, and, if I remember correctly, was a
41




Early Days in Climax.

Democrat. His house was a very pleasant place to visit, one of
its rules being to never speak ill of a person. If any one began
to speak of some one's evil qualities, they were always offset if
possible by some good quality that the person possessed. I can
also remember that Mrs. Moore made splendid mince pies. She
was one of the very few women who understood that art to perfection, and could make them exactly right."
Moore was away from home a great deal of the time from
1834 to 1853, spending long periods at Schoolcraft, Battle Creek,
Rochester, Washington, and other places, at work on his harvester
-and seeking to get his patent renewed. At Schoolcraft one of his
intimate friends was the Hon. E. Lakin Brown. At Battle Creek
the late Congressman George Willard was one of his friends and
admirers. At that time Mr. Willard was the rector of St. Thomas
Episcopal Church, of which both Mr. Moore's and my father's
families were members. In speaking of Mr. Moore, Mr. Willard
said to, me, "He was a delightful man to converse with. He
possessed a great fund of general information, and was the only
Democrat of that time that I had ever met who could give an
intelligent reason for his political faith. I once listened to an
argument which he held with Dr. Balcomb, who was at that time
postmaster of Battle Creek, which has impressed me to this day.
Both were strongly intellectual men, and marshaled their facts
and stated their arguments in a masterly way. Balcomb held that
as a whole the world did not advance any,- that there were
periods of advancement followed by retrogression, a sort of
swaying back and forth, but, at the last, men were no wiser,
stronger, or better than they were unknown ages ago. Moore
held the opposite view, and the way he stated his facts and
upheld his position influenced my whole later life."
Moore was elected to the Legislature in 1849, and represented
the Kalamazoo district in the House. In 1853 he sold his Climax
farm to D. C. Reed, and moved to Wisconsin, where he had
previously located land on Green Lake Prairie, in Green Lake
County. The remainder of his life was spent there improving
his lands and inventing various farm implements. He died May
5, 1875. I quote the following extracts from an obituary notice
in the Kalamazoo Telegraph: " Mr. Moore was a man of great
energy, and took a very active interest in the development of the
new territory. He was a man of much literary taste and culture,
and of marked ability; a prominent Democrat of the Jeffersonian
school, thoroughly versed in all the essential doctrines of the
party. He was the inventor of the first harvesting machine, the
same that was used on Prairie Ronde so successfully for many
years, and spent a large fortune in trying to perfect it. H-e went
to Wisconsin some twenty years ago, and entered a large tract of
excellent land, and began farming on a large scale. He had 6oo
42




Early Days in Climax.

acres of wheat, with horses, stock, etc. He was all the time
studying and bringing out new   inventions, seeding machines,
corn planters, hay rakes, and many other useful articles." This
notice brought out the following article from E. Lakin Brown,
with which I close this sketch of the first harvesting machine
and its inventor:
" Hiram  Moore, whose death on the 5th inst. at Brandon,
Wis., is noticed in yesterday's Telegraph, was a most remarkable
man. His harvesting machine, which for the eight or ten years
preceding 1850, harvested so many of the great wheat fields of
Prairie Ronde, was undoubtedly the earliest, as it was by far the
most perfect, in the work it performed, of all the brood of reapers
and harvesters that inventive skill has brought to the aid of the
farmer. Many of our old citizens will remember the huge harvester drawn by sixteen horses, moving majestically around the
field of ripe wheat, cutting a swath fourteen feet wide clean and
even, carrying the grain into the cylinder by means of an endless
apron, the wheat coming out threshed and winnowed, and filling
the bags as fast as they could be tied and exchanged at the
delivery spout, and all this for years before a reaper was ever seen
or heard of on the prairie. But the simple reaper, every way
inferior as an invention, has for various reasons superseded the
great harvester, and its inventor, like so many others, was fated
to see inferior men with one fourth his ability take the fame and
fortune which his invention only served to indicate to them.
Moore was a man most genial and social in his habits and feelings, fond of society, positive in his opinions, and fond of defending them. His political opinions were the most ultra-democratic.
General Jackson was his ideal statesman, and the Democratic
party never, in his opinion, varied a hair from Jackson democracy.
The writer of this had his most intimate acquaintance and friendship, and although he has been absent from the State more than
twenty years, the news of his death thrills a chord that so vibrates
but seldom in one's life."

43




The Ide Building.

THE building which for many years has been known as the
Ide Building was built by Wm. E. Sawyer, in 1856, and was, at
that time, the finest building anywhere near Clinmx Corners. It
was built for both a store and a dwelling, with a hall for public
uses over the store. This hall, known as Union Hall, was used
for all sorts of gatherings - religious meetings and dances, singing school, political meetings, and schoolroom. The Good Templars, Masons, Odd Fellows, and Grangers each in turn used it
for a lodge room. Sawyer lived in the building and kept the store
until just before the Civil War, when he moved to California,
leaving his property in the hands of his son-in-law, M. S. Bowen,
who had there wooed and won his bride.. Bowen was a lawyer,
but he ran the store for a year or two, when it was sold to D. H.
Daniels, who kept the store until about the close of the war.
Then it came into the possession of John B. Ide, in whose family
it remained for a great many years, until finally transferred to
T. B. Eldred. It would take a pretty long article to chronicle
even briefly all the occupants and the varied uses to which the
building has been put since Sawyer built it. Some of them are
referred to in the verses.
How many a tale this old building could tell
Of strange things it has known in its day,
Of things that have happened within its old shell,
And now passed from our knowledge away.
Of the folks who have dwelt in its sheltering fold;
Of the artisans plying their trades;
Of the orgies and rites and the creepy things told
At the lodge in its mystical shades.
Here the merchant hath measured his yards of cloth,
The cobbler hath cobbled his shoes;
The lover hath plighted his solemn troth,
And the printer hath printed the news.
The doctor hath dealt out his doses of pills;
The milliner fashioned her hats;
The druggist hath furnished the poison that kills,
And the housekeeper poisoned the rats.
44




Early Days in Climax.

The fiddler hath fiddled while others have danced;
The singer hath sung his best tune;
The boy on his broomstick hath capered and pranced,
And the baby has cried for the moon.
Good Templars have told of the curses of rum,
And the rumseller sold by the drinks;
The Free Mason here to his lodgeroom hath come,
And the Odd Fellow put up his links.
The soldier hath gone from its halls to the wars,
And the women have cheered him away;
The Granger led blindfolded men o'er the bars,
And the preacher hath taught men to pray.
The teacher hath taught and the pupil hath learned,
And the butcher hath handled his beef;
At midnight his candle the lawyer has burned,
As he studied the points of his brief.
The builder who built it, he builded it well;
A mansion it seemed in a way;
Now, nobody living its story can tell,
Or of all it has seen in its day.
Its walls are now battered and spotted and worn:
No longer we view it with pride,
As we did in the days ere its glory was shorn -
Days of Sawyer and Bowen and Daniels and Ide.

45




When I Was a Boy.

I.
THINGS are not as they used to be. They never are. The
boy now has little idea of the little details of everyday life as
they were when his father was a boy. When I was a boy a fellow
could not properly make his advent into this world without all
the old women in the neighborhood being present to assist at
the ceremony. Nor could he get out of it any easier. Even after
the spirit was supposed to have taken its departure, some young
man and maiden were called in to sit up nights and see that it
did not come back again. Then they did not have burial caskets.
The nearest or best carpenter just made a coffin from the best
materials at hand, black walnut or cherry lumber, and the body
was laid away in that. When I was a boy Joe Riddle made most
of the coffins used around Climax. In those days they did not
have kerosene lamps nor gas lights nor electric lights to sit up
nights by,- only tallow candles. Matches were not so good or
plenty as now, so if the candle went out the sitters-up would
sometimes have to make a match of their own, if they had one.
They were generally equal to the emergency. When I was a boy
I had to help make the tallow candles which were used in the
family. Father would buy the candle-wicking in balls at the
store, and mother would cut it into lengths of a little less than
two feet. Then I would have to double and twist the wicking
and slip the wicks onto little straight smooth rods a foot or more
long, spacing the wicks a little more than an inch apart. In the
meantime a kettle of tallow would be melted and the wicks
would be dipped into the tallow and set aside to cool and drip.
There were enough sticks full of wicks so that by the time the
last one was dipped the first one would have the tallow cool and
be ready to dip again. So they kept it going until by successive
dippings in the melted tallow the candles had grown as big as
desired. As the tallow disappeared from the kettle its place was
supplied with water, which did not hinder the process in the least.
When I was a boy people had fireplaces in their houses in which
they burned big logs of wood three or four feet or more in length,
with brass-mounted andirons to hold the wood up from the brick
hearth. And there was an iron crane in the fireplace to hang pots
and kettles on, and an oven to set in front of the fire to bake
bread in, or an iron kettle with a heavy iron cover to put in the
46




Early Days in Climax.

fire and cover up with live coals for the same purpose. When I
was a boy they hung their Thanksgiving turkey up in front of the
fireplace to roast, and the boy had to keep it turning so it.would
cook evenly on all sides. When I was a boy the wealthier farmers had big ovens outside their houses, built of brick, and they
would bake up enough mince pies at once to last all winter if boys
were not too plenty. When I was a boy we used to play with a
soft ball which we made ourselves of yarn and covered with
leather. We played one-old-cat and two-old-cat and baseball.
We ran races and wrestled and jumped and played "pom pom
pull away," " gool," " I spy," " snap the whip," "old bloody
Tom," "ring around a rosy," "button, button, who's got the
button?" and the "needle's eye," and more games like them.
Well, well, as I think it over, I guess the children's plays are as
near as anything like what they used to be.
II
This snapping cold morning with no snow on the ground and
a strong bracing air, brings to mind my boyhood days when, with
the first advent of such a morning, we boys took our skates and
made a break for some of the shallow ponds, to have a jolly time
skating. There were half a dozen or more of those little ponds
within easy reach, and on such a morning as this they would be
coated over with ice stout enough to hold us up, even if it did
bend when we passed over it. It was the clear crystal, tough, and
as smooth and glairy as a looking-glass. Those little ponds are
pretty much all dried up now, and even " Tom's Lake," which
made such a royal skating park when I was a boy, has been
drained out till it is nothing but an- almost useless marsh. It
will never again see such jolly skating parties as used to gather
there when I was a boy. We don't see any more such skates as
we used to wear in those days, with their narrow creased bottoms
and long toes curled over the foot. Neither do we find so many
good skaters. Then every boy who was big enough had his
skates, and the way they slid over the ice backward and forward,
and cut all sorts of curlycues was the very poetry of motion.
When those little ponds, which made ideal skating parks, dried up
or were drained out, it seemed to dry up the skating also, for the
deep lakes rarely freeze over so smoothly or afford as good
skating as the shallow ponds used to, so that there is much less
opportunity for the boys to skate than there used to be.
As the boys of those days excelled those of to-day in skating,
so they did in most athletic sports and exercises - running, jumping, wrestling, pulling sticks, and the like. There was never a
recess or a nooning at school when some or all these games were
not going on with all the vim and energy the boys could put into
47




Early Days in Climax.

them. Some of these sports seem to be obsolete now in our playgrounds. We used to wrestle at " square hold," "side hold,"
"back hold," and " rough-and-tumble," in those days, but they
have largely gone out of date now. I have not seen a pair of
school boys have a wrestle at "square hold" in so long that I
have forgotten when it was. As a rule boys worked harder and
played harder in those days than they do now. Did they study
harder? Well, I don't know about that. I think not. We did
not study so many things as boys do now, but what we did study
we learned better, at least I think so. Pretty nearly all the studies
we had then were reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, grammar,
and geography, and we put our whole school work into those studies.
We were not required to have some mere smatterer try to teach
us some ancient language which was dead and buried ages ago.
We were not taught Latin or Greek or Hebrew or Sanscrit, but
we were taught how to spell, and if the editor of a newspaper had
misspelled the word "litigation" three times in one short item,
as one of the Galesburg papers did the other day, there was hardly
a child ten years old in school but would have picked him up on
it. In those days every scholar had to spell at least twice a day
in class. Then at least once in every two weeks half a day was
spent in spelling matches and declamations. For then we only
had every other Saturday for holiday, and Saturday afternoons
were spent in spelling and declaiming. And then we used to have
spelling schools when the evenings were long, and not a week
passed by but what we all went to one or more spelling schools in
our own district or some other. The constant drill and rivalry
between schools made good spellers of nearly everybody. Now
the spelling matches and the spelling schools have disappeared
as completely as have the little skating ponds, and good spellers
are as scarce as good skaters or good wrestlers.
III.
When I was a little boy there, was not a church building in
the town of Climax. People used to go to meeting just the same.
Sometimes it was in private houses, but generally in the old
wooden schoolhouse on the hill by the graveyard. There were
not many people in the graveyard then, and the schoolboys used
to go over there in winter and slide down hill on their home-made
handsleds.
A good many preachers used to preach in the old schoolhouse,
but the only one I can remember particularly was Elder Harris,
who preached for the Baptists off and on a good many years, both
before and after the church was built. In those days people, both
old and young, behaved themselves with respect and propriety
during services, and if any of them were caught whispering and
48




Early Days in Climax.

laughing, or making a disturbance in meeting, they had speedy
cause to repent it. Now the youngsters cut up all they want to
in meeting. It is even told that they played cards in one of our
church during services. I hope that it is not true. It was
not so when I was a boy. I was once greatly scandalized by
a man who came into meeting in the old schoolhouse and sat
down on.the bench beside me without taking off his hat. I
thought surely he would take it off when the services began, but
he did not. He just sat there like a bump on a log, and paid no
attention to his hat. I stood it as long as I thought I could, and
then I leaned over and touched him, and said to him in a whisper,
" Won't you please take off your hat? " I guess everybody heard
me, for they all smiled except the man who wore the hat. It
never phased him a particle, and the hat staid on. I was reprimanded for whispering in meeting, and was told afterward that
the man was a Quaker, and that the Quakers never take off their
hats in meeting.
When I was a boy the people of Climax did not make any
great observance of Christmas or New Year's. Many of them
were of New England descent, and had not entirely got over the
effects of the old Puritan belief that Christmas trees and Christmas festivities were wicked emblems of popery, not to be indulged
in by Protestants. I never saw a Christmas tree until I was a
man grown. And yet Christmas did not pass entirely without
observance. " Wish you Merry. Christmas," or "Happy New
Year," were always the first cheerful greetings of the holidays.
On Christmas eve the little folks hung up their stockings by the
fireplace or behind the stove, so that they would be handy for
Santa Claus when he came down the chimney. He was pretty
sure to come in the night and deposit candy or raisins or homemade dolls, or something else to make the little ones' hearts
happy. And Christmas was a day to go hunting or skating. If
the sleighing was good, and it generally was, the goose-neck
cutters and the pungs and the long sleighs would come out, and
the young folks, packed away like sardines among the straw and
the blankets and the buffalo robes, would have a sleighing party,
and like enough before they got back they would have been to
Austin Lake, or Hickory Corners, or some other favorite resort,
to a dance, and had the jolliest time that ever was, and never got
home till morning.
IV.
Very many of the recollections of my childhood gather around
the old wood schoolhouse on the hill, and its successor, the brick
one which stood on the site now occupied by the Pierce Cemetery.

49




Early Days in Climax.

It was in the old wood schoolhouse that I first went to school, in
the fall of 1843.
The entire forty-acre lot back of the schoolhouse was covered
with woods,- big trees and little ones, and hazel brush. In
the corner next to the schoolhouse was a small cleared spot which
we used for a playground, and next to it was quite a large patch
of hazel brush. It was out of this patch of brush that the two
bears jumped into the road just in front of George Lawrence and
I on the morning of the historic bear hunt.
Probably no person has a more prominent place in the memories of the school children of those days than " Grandpa."  He
was really and truly grandpa to at least half the scholars, and
grandpa by courtesy to all the rest. To the older folks he was
the " Old Judge."  He was a great favorite among the smaller
kids, for he seldom went around without some candy or raisins
in his pockets, and the little ones who met him were sure to share
it with him or take the whole. He had an apple orchard, in which
grew all sorts of apples common in those days - early harvests,
sweet boughs, maiden blushes, pearmains, pippins, russets, spitzenbergs, snow apples, greenings, and I don't know how many
more. One tree bore apples which had a red flesh, the " red insides," as we used to call them. Most of the old trees are gone,
but a few of them are still standing at the Baptist parsonage and
on adjacent lots. In those days the fungi and the worms had not
begun to affect the apples, and they grew much larger and finer
than they do under present conditions. One tree that bore beautiful golden harvest apples grew near where P. S. Gould's house
now stands. It was the first tree to ripen its apples, and standing
near the road it was a great temptation to every one, for fruit
was not so plenty in those days as it has been since. And not a
few people, both old and young, climbed over the old rail fence
and helped themselves to what apples they wanted to eat. But as
soon as these early apples were ripe, grandpa would gather a
bushel or so of them, and bring them up to the old schoolhouse
and distribute them among the scholars; and then, did not we
have a jolly time? After that only a few of the children would
steal his apples. But there were some inveterate fruit thieves
then as there are now, whom no sense of honor or of shame would
keep from stealing.
Grandpa was a good strong Baptist, and when the time came
to build a meeting-house, he gave the site, and later he built the
parsonage and gave it to the church. And then he gave a man an
acre and a-half of land to train and lead the choir. And that
reminds me of Festus Hall, the man employed. He built the
house now known as the Buckberry House on the land thus paid
for. He was a shoemaker, and sometimes worked for himself, but
more of the time worked in the shop for my father. He was a
50




Early Days in Climax.

fine singer, and had a family of girls who were also singers, as
well as school teachers. One of them, Diana Hall, was teaching
our district school fifty years ago to-day. She was a brilliant
young woman of striking appearance, who would command attention anywhere. Hall moved to South Bend, Ind., about fifty
years ago. He did not live very long after he went there. Consumption already had its hold on him when he went from here. He
kept up a regular correspondence with my father as long as he lived.
One day not very long ago I came across one of his letters, written
but a short time before his death. It was so full of Christian hope
for the future, of deep abiding friendship for my father and of
resignation under his earthly trials, that it brought the hot tears
to my eyes. These men have been under the sod for many long
years, but truly their works live after them.
V
As I said before, things are not as they used to be. Among
progressive people they never are, and we Yankees and the Japanese are progressive, if we are anything. We have moved along
so fast that when I think back to the time when I was a boy, I
can hardly recognize myself as the little boy who, at ten years
of age, began working out on the neighboring farms by the day
and by the month.
As riches are counted nowadays, father was a poor man, and
his boys had to work as soon as they were big enough. They
had to churn with the old-fashioned dasher churn on churning
days, and pound the clothes for mother, in the pounding barrel, on
Mondays, and how they did hate both jobs.
In the spring they had to prepare beds in the garden and
plant the lettuce, and the radishes, and the cabbage, and the onion
seed, and the rest of the garden truck. Then, as soon as the
plants were big enough, the boys had to go at it with hoes and
fingers, and clean out the weeds. It was a backaching job, and
we did not like it much better than we did churning and pounding
clothes.
When corn planting began, we began to work out. Corn is
not planted any more as we used to do it. Then a man had a
planting bag with the seed corn in it, which hung at his waist,
and a hoe in his hand, and he dropped the corn and covered it
as he went along. But when they wanted to expedite matters, the
boy was brought in and dropped the corn for the men to cover.
I have often dropped the corn as fast as two men could cover
it, and Hod Pierce would drop for three. The corn was dropped
quite as uniformly as the machines will drop it now.
Then came the cultivating, which was not so very different
from the present practise with a one-horse cultivator, only the
51




Early Days in Climax.

boy generally rode the horse and relieved the man of the trouble
of guiding the animal. That was not so hard on the boy, but it
used to get pretty tiresome in the hot days of June and July,
when the horse was hot and sweaty. It is a long time since I
saw a boy ride a horse to cultivate corn in the field.
There is another job which, as a boy, I used to do in the cornfield, which seems to be out of date. One farmer I worked for
always gave his corn a top-dressing of fertilizer. He used to
drive every winter to Grand Rapids and get a supply of plaster.
Some of this he mixed with salt and ashes and hen manure, and
when the corn was about six inches high, it was given a dressing
of this mixture, about a tablespoonful to a hill. That was another
job that I hated, for it was hard, heavy, stinking, dirty work
for me.
Then came the haying. The grass was all cut by hand with
scythes. The men would go out into the field, sometimes a dozen
of them together, each with his scythe well sharpened, and a whetstone in his pocket or boot leg, and they would mow until the
middle of the forenoon, or later, according to the weather.
The boy's job was to carry water to the men, and to spread as
much hay from the swath as he could, shaking it up lightly and
spreading it evenly over the ground. When the men had mowed
enough for the day they turned in with their forks and finished
spreading it out. This was done usually before dinner.
After dinner the hay was turned over and shook out again,
and then part of the men raked it by hand into winrows, while
the rest put it in cocks or drew it from the winrows to the stack
or barn. The boy followed behind, and raked up the last scatterings. The loads were unloaded by hand, and the boy on the stack
passed the hay back to the stacker or in the mow, wallowed and
trod it down.
Verily, if farmers now had to make hay without the mowing
machine, the tedder, the horse rake, and the horse fork, there
would have to be more people or less hay.
VI.
Yesterday my women folks went over to the parsonage to a
missionary meeting. When they came back, they said there were
only half a dozen or so there, and that their feet were nearly
frozen on the cold floor. " Well," I partly said and partly thought
to myself, " what else can you expect? Here is a man who has
a family to provide for. He must feed them and warm them,
and clothe both himself and them in such style that his people
need not be ashamed of them when they appear in public. He
must contribute to every benevolent purpose for which he is called
on. And he has to do it all on a salary of a dollar a day or less.
52




Early Days in Climax.

No wonder your feet got cold. And if it was hard for you to
endure for an afternoon, how about the minister and his family? "
That set me to thinking about the days when I was a boy,
and of the story that one of the boys told in the Cereal of the
sequel to that sleigh ride forty-six years ago, and of what happened at that same parsonage.
In matters of religion, things have changed in Climax since I
was a boy as much as they have in everything else. They used
to have donation parties in those days that amounted to something. There were not nearly so many people here then as there
are now, and people were not any wealthier than they are now,
but they went to donation parties and they went to give. A
hundred dollars was a small donation in those days, and oftener
it came nearer two hundred. They kept it up till after I was a
pretty big boy, big enough to ride around the country with my
best girl. On a number of occasions I have taken her in a cutter
and come less than a dozen miles from a neighboring village to
attend a Climax donation party. And there were lots of people
there. The houses were crowded, and they had the jolliest kind
of a time. They had a supper such as nobody better than Climax
people know how to get up, and everybody was expected to partake of it. Every last one of them, whether they helped provide
the supper nor not, paid their little fifty cents for the meal, and
never thought of grumbling. It was all for the pastor. Nowadays some good Christian members of the church feel it a
hardship to pay ten cents for a meal, and some go home without their suppers, although the proceeds are to be applied in
the Lord's service. And there are even some who stay away from
church and refuse to contribute to the pastor's salary because
they do not like the man, or because he reads his sermons, or
because his manner of delivering them does not suit their taste.
And he has to live and support a family on a dollar a day. Well,
I am not a church member of that or any other sort, and I suppose
that is the reason why I feel like throwing stones at those who
are, but who seem to act on the principle that atheists do, of trying to get all they can out of this life and let the future go to -
the other place. And yet there are a good many people both in
and out of the church who find that the purest, sweetest, and
most enduring pleasures in this life are found in doing good
to others.

53




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